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^r^ **' 1 * 48 ' THE NORTHERN 8TAR, 8
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"^ i, SOKG FOR ST CRISPIN'S DAY. herebv ...
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NATIONAL SOSft. TE LABOURERS OF BRITAIN....
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&tfmtos
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AN ESSAY ON THE DISEASES OF THE JAWS, AN...
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• The poetla, webelUve, a teetotaller. t...
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A Logic of Facts .- By G. J. Holyoake. L...
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The Family Herald. Part LXY. London: G. ...
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^ _ PAMPHLETS. ,; , 1.—Who stops the wag...
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3.—Mr West proposes:— That all laws rela...
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4.—We have a great horror of * philanthr...
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5.—This pamphlet; is the report of a lec...
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Publications Received. —Wright's History...
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TO THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND. « Depend upon ...
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Fellow CoojrrnYMEN.—Where shall we trace...
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JOSEPH VON JELLACHICH, BAN OF CROATIA. A...
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AN EPISODE OF THE REACTION OF 1315. The ...
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Economical Emiobaiion—Mr P. L. Simmonds ...
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Wmttits
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Pbide.—A negro boy w_o driving n mule ia...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
^R^ **' 1 * 48 ' The Northern 8tar, 8
^ r ^ **' * ' THE NORTHERN 8 TAR , 8
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"^ I, Sokg For St Crispin's Day. Herebv ...
"^ i , SOKG FOR ST CRISPIN'S DAY . herebv dire ct the following lines to be ' said _ * stall dinners , suppers , and other festivals of % 5 * 1 ^ 5 0 f « the gentle craft , ' on the 25 th inst . — « St f e » J . f Tjgy . ' The author , John Green __ af fe ]< ^ rrE _ t . the celebrated American poet , was himf ^ fS » member of the ' craft . ' The « Cordwai » era * he proud of a man who reflects such honour on tfjstf , nTder ' ^ ' THE SHOEJfAKBRS .
sv i . o . warms * , go ! workers of the old time styled Tbe Seatle Craft of Leather ! young brothers of the ancient guild , Stand forth once store togttber ! CjII oat again your long array In the olden mrny manner ; Onca more on gay St Crispin ' s day Fling out your blazoaeabanner Rsp , rap 2 upon tne veil-worn stoas How Ms the polished hammer \ Rsp rap ! the measured sound has grown A quick and msrry clamour , > ow shape to sola ; now deftly curl The glossy vamp around it , And bless the while the bright-eyed girl Whose gentle finger s bound it !
For you along the Spanish Main A hundred keels are plowing : For you the Indian on the plain His 1 stao-coil is throwing : For you deep glens with hemlock dark The woodman ' s fire is lighting ; For you upon the oak ' s grey bark The woodman ' s axe is smiting . For you from Carolina pine -, The rosin gum is stealing , For you the dark-eyed Florentine Her silken skeia is reeling : For yon the diary goatherd roams His ragged Alpine ledges ; For yoa round all feer shepherd homes Bloom England ' s tbarny hedg « s 1
The foremost still by dsy or night Oa moated mound or heather , Where'er the need of trampled right Brought toiling men together , Where tee free burghers from the wall Defied the mail-clad master , Than j-enrs , at Freeiom ' * trumpet call , So craftsmen rallied faster ! Let fopting aaeer . let fool * deride . Teheed no idle -corner , Free hands and hearts are still your pride , And duty done , your honour , Te dace to trust for honest fame Tbe jury Time empanels , Asd leave to Truth each noble name , Which glorifies your anaslt .
Thy songs , Hans Sacn , are thing yet , In sTong and hearty German , AndBIoomfield ' a lay and Oiffjrd ' awit , And th ' rara good sense of Sherman ; SMU from his book , a mystic seer , The soul of Behmtn teaches , And England ' s priestcraft shakes to hear Of Fox ' s leathern breeches . The Foot is yours : where'er it falls It triads your well uroazbt leather , On earthen floor , in marble halls , On carpet , or on heather . Still there the sweetest charm Is found Of matron grace or vestal ., As Hebe ' s foatbore nectar round Among the oli CBiettUHs }
Rap , rap!—your stoat and bluff brogaa , With footsteps riow and weary , Hay wander where the sky ' s blue span Shuts down upon the Prairie . Ye slippers shine on Beauty ' s foot , By Saratoga's fountain , Or leal , like snow-flakes falling mate , The dance en CaulriU mountain I The red brick to the msson ' s hand , The brown earth to the tiller's , The shoe in yours shall wealth command Like fairy Cinderella ' s I As they who shunned tie household maid , Behold the crown upon her , So all shall see your toll repaid With hearth and homeand honour .
Then let the toast be freely quaffed In waxes * cool and brimming ; 'All honour to the good old Craft , Its merry men and women !' Call oat again your loag arraj-In the old time ' s pleasant manner Once more on gay St Crispin ' s day Fiing out his blazoned banner .
National Sosft. Te Labourers Of Britain....
NATIONAL SOSft . TE LABOURERS OF BRITAIN . ST DAVID WZIGBT . An .. —Te Ihxburs of England . Ye Labourers of Britain , Hew long will ye endure The base oppression of the few Who rob the toiling poor , Come , rally for the rights of maa And let the tyrants see , While ye toil on the sottf The P-eple must be freej Throughout the land , in heart and hand , The peeple must be free . Yoar fath . ra fought for
freedom—And' Tell was good and true , Wallace and Washington , they stand Exemplsrs ' anto you ; Then rally round ths good old cause And let tbe tyrants see . While ye tofl ,-5 s . •• The eagles o ' er your mountains Are soaring onward , —free I The torrents from jour dark ravines Are bounding to the sea , While universal nature shows True types of liberty . T OrilejetoU .-s e . Let' Freedom ' , - * yoar watchword ,
Asd bid the trumpet sound , To call the million- , in their might , To freedom ' s battle ground ; XTnfurl your banners once again , And let the tyrants see , "While ye to !! , & c . Before the lordly tyrants No longer bend your knees—Tbe flauntingflsgof Liberty Is floating in tbebreeze ; Come rally round your standard , then , And let the tyrants see , While ye toil on the soil The people must be free , Throughout the land , in heart and hand The people must be free ! lean , October lOtb , 18 i 8 .
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An Essay On The Diseases Of The Jaws, An...
AN ESSAY ON THE DISEASES OF THE JAWS , AND THEIR TREATMENT . By Leonard Koeckrr , Surgeon-dentist . New Edition , with copious Notes , and an Appendix , by J . B . Mitchell , M . D ., Surgeon-dentist . London : J . Churchill , Princes-street . It has been very justly observed , that ' Medicine seems to be one of those ill-fated arts whose advancement bears no proportion to its antiquity—a retardment which has been set down to the narrowminded policy of many belonging to a profession that , of all others , should be the most liberal and enlightened . In medicine , as in other sciences , men whose devotion to troth led them to reveal the results of their laborious research into the arcana of
nature , were , in former ages , doomed to the most cruel persecution ; Galileo was threatened with the flames if he did not publicly renounce , and declare his astronomical discoveries damnable heresies ; Vanini , the philosopher , died at the stake , and the learned Jordanus Bruno , the intimate friend of the generous and hi g h-minded Sir Philip Sidney , perished by the same fate ; whilst Paracelsus was denounced as a madman , asd his writings burnt in the chief towns of Italy , for having called in question the prevalent medical doctrines of his day . Thistalented professor ' s reward for his ardent desire to promote the well-being of his fellow creatures , was the relentless hatred of
his professional brethren—he died broken-hearted sa outcast of society . ! Innovation upon old systems and unjust opinions , has always met with the most intolerant asd rancorous abuse , and hence the most noble and g ifted of mankind have been immolated at the shrine of despotic ignorance . Even in the present day , hostility to progressive improvement exists . Jenner , when he first promulgated Ms glorious discovery of vaccination , was , like Paracelsus , opposed with the the most bitter malignity ; and , of late , who has not witnessed with indignation the viadictive asd vulgar abuse directed against one of the most enlig htened physicians of modern times , for his adhesion to the principles of mesmerism ?
An Essay On The Diseases Of The Jaws, An...
With these deplorable facts before us , we hail with K ga ^ i £ _ . Ke ¥ *^^ exposure of ignorance , or the advancement- of science , especially if it be an investigation into the errors that are prevalent in medical practice ; forj if any department of human knowled ge should be | more free than another from prejudice , it ought to be that art which is so intimatel y connected with humanity . The profession of medicine , if cultivated intelli gibly , and followed out upon the principles of integrity , would be the most useful amongst mankind ; but , unfortunately , it has not yet arrived at ; such perfection . Sir William Temple long ago said the love of lucre was the
most predominant feeling with the general herd of practitioners , and this . portion of the profession have been always tbe slaves of those false theories propounded in the schools , whereby the most grievous errors are almost dail y perpetrated . We have constantly an inundation ' of medical works ; but many of them are published from no other motives than cupidity and ostentation , contributing not one useful idea to the stream of our medical knowledge . The volume , however , which is at present before us , ranks eminently as an exception . It evinces high
practical utility , abounds with the most logical deductions , and , withal , has the merit of investi gating primary causes , and showing their effects . It embraces a .. comprehensive view of those various and formidable diseases which proceed from a morbid state of the teeth , and which , ultimately attacking the jaws and surrounding parts , involve the unhappy sufferers in great misery , and not unfrequently a premature and lingering death . The object of this work is to prove that , had medical men devoted themselves more to the diseases of
theteeth , operations of the most appalling nature would have been unnecessaiy—in short , had theprimary causes been more studied , the knife of the surgeon would have been altogether superseded . The teeth form a most important portion of the animal economy , and it is wonderful , considering their complicated structure , and the sympathy and influence which they have over the whole nervous system , that the diseases to which they are liable , should have been given up to those mechanical , fashionable , and advertising dentists , whose ignorance of medical science is notorious . We wish our limits would have admitted of a more extensive review of Mr Koecfcer ' s essay . We may , however , say , that it is written with elegance and perspicuity . whilst the copious notes of Dr Mitchell are highly
illustrative of the varied phenomena which he , with so much ability , discusses . His frank and candid opinions merit the praise of all who feel any interest in the advancement of medicine , or the alleviation of human suffering . In support of the views taken , several medical ' writers of distinction are quoted . We may mention , that the late Dr James Saunders , of Edinburgh , in his lectures on the practice of medicine , was most zealous in directing the attention of his pupils to those dangerous affections resulting from a decayed and rotten state of the teeth , and now that a volume has appeared exclusively upon the subject , we have no hesitation in saying that both Mr Eoecker and Dr Mitchell have given & prestige to their names , connected with medical science , worthy of the deepest approbation .
• The Poetla, Webeluve, A Teetotaller. T...
• The poetla , webelUve , a teetotaller . t In cfnginf , this line aed the one following auut be repeated . JPartcelrus was the first who in med-clse introduced ft » n »_ of the metali .
A Logic Of Facts .- By G. J. Holyoake. L...
A Logic of Facts .- By G . J . Holyoake . London : J . Watson , 3 , Queen's Head-passage , Paternoster-row . Another of the cheap and excellent educational works for which the young workmen of England are indebted to Mr Holyoake . The author ' s object will be best shown by the following extracts from the 'Proem ' : — The Logic of the schools is difficult to master , pedantic to apply , and fails to meet half the cemmon want . This treatise is an _ Rcer . monioui Endeavour to enlarge its provicceaad abbreviate Its details . The Logic of tbe schools begins with the management of the premises oi an argument , this treatise begins with the premises themselves . A thousand errors arise through the assumption of premises for one arising is the misplace sent of propositions . Tbe Logic of the schools is an elaborate attack upes tbe lesser evil .
Ho human ingenuity can combine , in one performance , the rtfinement spplaudtd in the universities , and tbe pedantry cherished ia academies , with the practical purpose , popular among < hose who toil to live and live to toil , The populace are my choice—of them I am ene , and , like Lord Grey , am disposed ' to stand by my order . ' I write for this class bo'h from affection and taite . If I can benefit any , I can them . I knew their dificaltiet , for 1 hare encountered them—their wants , for the ; have been mine . * * The hints , general rules , and elementary remarks dispersed throughout this work , embrace a wide extent efgrosnd , and though they will be pronounced by some to be irregular , will yet , I am convinced , be found of practical service to the uninitiated , and pat them ia
tbe right road to higher acquirements , give them a confidence in their own powers , and perhaps inspire them with a love of these essential studies , and impart a taste for fiie refinements which lie beyond . Hy hope Is that many wlH be induced to consult scholastic treatises , and acquire that perfect knowledge ef these subjects which makes the society of educated people so charming . But my object in what is here presented is specific , and I am net withoat hope that it will win the approval of these who know most oftheanbjest . The impulse his been given to knowledge , and the populace havebegus to think for thf mselves , and both speak and write their thinkings—and why should they not be enabled to do it free from obvious mistakes , and with a broad propriety commensurate with tbe native intelligence they possess !
C _ mmon sense la the substratum of all loglo . C . m . mon sense if tha natural unie of mankind . It is founded on common observation and experience . It is modest asd plain and unsophisticated . It sees with everybody's eyes and hears with everybody ' * ears . It has no capricious distinctions , no partialities , and no mysteries . It never equivocates and never trifles . Its language Is always tbe same , and is always intelligible . It is known by its perspicuity of speeeh and singleness of purpose . The most prudent of all tbe children of fact , it never forsakes nature or reason . Ever dwells this power . with the people—how great would be their influence were tti « power but methodised ] Some outline laws for its employment must be better than popular , aimless , and desultory use . Will not the utility of indicating these cancel the presumption of the attempt !
The very name of ' Logic is distasteful to most untaught persons from its supposed ' dryness ; ' but in the hands of Mr Holyoake the subject is neither dry nor dull . He traces the whole art of reasoning in a manner calculated to win the attention of even the most prejudiced and careless readers . We strongly recommend the * Logic of Facts , ' as well calculated to advance the mental enlightenment and moral power o f ' tbe people . '
The Family Herald. Part Lxy. London: G. ...
The Family Herald . Part LXY . London : G . Biggs , 421 , Strand . In this part we have a continuation or the ' Black Cabinet's' black revelations . Eugene Sue having re-appeared in the Constitutional with his story of'The Seven Deadly Sins , ' is again by the help of the translator , brought before the readers of the Family Herald . In the series of papers on ' the Preservation of Health' we notice two excellent articles on the' Care of the Teeth . ' We quote the following string of apologies for
PROCRASTINATIONS . If Fortune , with a smiling face , Strew roses on our way , When shall we stoop to pick them up % To-day , my love , to day . Sat shot-Id she frown , with face of care , And talk of coming sorrow , When shall we gr ieve , if grieve we must . To . morrow , love , to-morrow . If those who ' ve wronged us own their faults , And kindly pity pray , When shall we listen and forgive ! To day , my love , to-day . Bat if stern Justice urge rebuke , And warmth from memory borrow . When shall we chide , if ehlde we dare ? To-morrow , love , to-morrow .
If those to whom we owe a debt Are barm'd tmless we pay , When shall we straggle to be just ? To-day , my love , to-day . But if oar debtors sue for grace , On pain of rain thorough , When shall we grant the boon they seek ? To-morrow , lave , to-morrow . If Love , estranged , should once agaia Her genial smile display , Wten shall we kiss her proffer'd lips ? To-day , my love , to-day . But if she would indulge regret , Or dwell with by-gone sorrow , When skall we weep , if weep we must ? To-morrow , love , to-morrow .
For virtuous acts aad harmless joys , Tbe minutes will not stay , We ' ve always time to welcome tbem , To-day , my love , today . Bat can , resentment ; aagry words , And unavailing sorrow , Come far too soon if they appear To-morrow , lore , to-morrow . Cnuus Mackat
^ _ Pamphlets. ,; , 1.—Who Stops The Wag...
^ _ PAMPHLETS . , ; , 1 . —Who stops the wag . A Letter to the Chartists . By a Chartist . London : J . Watson , Queen ' i Head-passage . 2 . —The cry of the Widowed Wife at the close of the Ch trtist Trials considered in a Letter , 8 , 'C . London : A Dyson , 231 , Shoreditch . 3 . —A Plan for the Abolition of the Law of Settlement , £ > .., By W . B . West . London : J . Rogerson , 24 , Norfolk-street , Strand . 4 . —An Extensive System of Emigration considered By C . Shaw . London : E . Wilson , Royal Exchange . 5 . —The Case of the Journeymen Bakers . By W . A . Guy , M . D . London : H . Renshaw , 356 ,
Strand-6 . —A brief History of the Bread Baking Trade , & c . B y George Read . London : G . Briggs , 421 , Strand . _ A poor miserable thing is the pretended ' Chartist ' author of the pamphlet , we have marked No . 1 . God save the Chartists from such 'friends' as this' Publius' ( for such is the signature attached to the precious production ) , who has devoted sixteen octavo pages to a reproduction of the calumnies of the enemies of Chartism , mixed up with laudations of the Leaguers , commendations of Lord John Russell , praise of such blessed journals as the Zond-tt £ ramtner ,. stabbing 5 at Cuffey and Fussell , and denunciations of ' the anarchists in our ranks . ' Poor devil ! Happily his power to do mischief is not equal to his will ; ' the spirit is willing but the brain is weak . ' His silliness neutralises his enmity .
\ l 2 . —This pamphlet is in the shape of a' Letter * addressed to the electors of Great Britain and Ireland . The author takes for his text the following : - While the dock was being cleared , a pietolng ibrlrk bunt forth from a remote corner of tbe court , which was understood to proceed from tbe Mfe of one of the prisoners . —Vide 'Times , ' Sift . Jrd , 1818 . On this text the author of the pamphlet has written half-a-dozen pages of truth and eloquencewhich , however unheeded by the class to whom he addresses himself , cannot fail to move the hearts , and call forth the thanks of the sons and daughters of Labour . Truly , does he say that the unhappy men condemned at tbe Old Bailey , had been' treated ai outcasts by society , ' and , therefore , saw in rebellion against society , a sacred right , if not a duty . ' We quite a few of his words : —
TO THE ILEOTOBJ . forget not this woman ' s cry , ye who undertake to go . rem society , who falsely declare , ' We art « wWy—we have tbe intelligence and tbe vir . aa which fit men te govern snd guide in a naii < n ; the rest of men are nee fi . to stare the rights of eiti . eat , because they have not that intelligence and that virtus , and because they am peer . ' Alas ! the condition of humanity in this fab and once ' merrie England , ' affords bat poorprosf o ' . irtaous , honest , or intelligent government . Strang ) sounds , I tell jou , are heard in every corner of the lan 4 —not merely that frightful shriek of agony in the Old Bailey , but other cries , mingled with poor men's curses —are _ . lr _ r uttered in the . qaalfd home ef the ancar . d for . perishing labourer ; and there are men into whose souls these sounds have penetrated , and they swear to rest not until some remedy , some amelioration ia
attempted . I tell you , electors and privileged law . mik rs , yoa standb-fore the world , ' not guiltless of this woman ' s cry of m ' sery , nor of the thousand other orles ef misery which resound throughout England , to say nothing of what is heard ia that still more dismal scene en the otner side of St George ' s Caannel , I tell you , that y * u areta . Criminals ; history will record it of you , that never in any period of the warld ' s existence was a nation gov . rned with a greater amount of cant , fraud , and cruelty ; n « ver was there a time when human rights were demanded more fairly , or more intelligently , by tie multitudes , than at this moment ; never was there less reason to deny those rights ; never was there a time when the privileged few had greater cause to resign tbe ' r as * snmed dominion . Far , I say again , your rule Vat been distinguished neither by superior intelligence nor superior vir : ue .
I have appealed to , your sense of jastice , rather than to your f eare , because tbis woman ' s shriek bai cut me to the seul , and made me a sadder man ; but there may be others in whose bosoms it will engender a different feellag . Do not suppose you have for ever put down rebellion . The government have rather shown how alermed they are ; and , depend on it , plots will abound , and conspiracies increase , whilst a slave class remains and increases in society . We trust for . their own sakes that the working
men will abstain from' plots and conspiracies . ' But as long as a slave-class continues there will be war of some kind or other between the oppressed and the oppressors . As long as the pres . nt system endures we will never join in the canting cry of' peace , law , and order . ' Law' there will be plenty of , but ' order' there cannot be , and' peace '—that is the peace of contented slavery , orthe peace of despairthere ought not to be . We thank the author of this pamphlet for his timely and ably written ' letter , which we cordially recommend to our friends .
3.—Mr West Proposes:— That All Laws Rela...
3 . —Mr West proposes : — That all laws relating to English settlement be abrliihed , and a general enactment be established , by which tbo incapable , tbe lame , tbe blind , and the haltincluding every other class of destitute persons—may be enabled to obtain relief whenever and vihercw they may need it . With the exception of the law of settlement Mr West would leave the Poor Law system as it at present exists . The monstrous evils and cruelties occasioned by the present law of settlement call loudly for a change ; and tbe principle of Mr West ' s scheme we cordially approve of . We are , however , anxious for a much more sweeping reform—a reform which shall cause the employment of the poorrates for the extinction of pauperism . The three requisites for that reform—land , labour , and money —are at the disposal of any government possessing sense and honesty . But such a government we shall never have as long as England is governed by the Russells and the Peels—or , perhaps , we should rather say—by the million knaves and fools wh . constitute 'the worthy and independent electors' (!) of Great Britain and Ireland .
4.—We Have A Great Horror Of * Philanthr...
4 . —We have a great horror of * philanthropists , ' as from experience we have found that tribe composed almost without exception of designing knaves or twaddling fools . We admit the possibility of ' exceptions ' and to such may belong the ' philanthropic' author of thisfpamphlet . He draws a frightful and too true pictuie of the condition of the masses of this country ; but his ' remedy'is an extensive system of emigration . ' ' It is estimated / says the author of this pamphlet , ' that there are fifteen millions o persons in idleness and want ' in Great Britain and Irelandi Will Mr Shaw pretend that any system of emigration can remove this vast number of human beings to the antipodes ?
Suppose that number removed , the system under which that fifteen millions have been pauperised , continuing in existence , would not fail to pauperise the ever-increasing population—increasing as we are assured by the political economists at the rate of' a thousand a day . ' Again , the emigrants transported to antipodean regions and savage shores , would be p laced under a system which—if not overthrown b y reform or revolution)— will at no distant day reproduce in America and Australia the evils and horrors which at present make England a hell . But this pamphlet is , in fact , put out as an advertising puff of one of the numerous Emigration Societies that are at present engaged in throwing nets for gudgeons .
If our friends will emigrate , let them emigrate to America where at least political freedom exists , and where they will not have to support the greedy aristocrats of rank and money , who , not content with robbing England ' s soil from the great mass of England ' s sons , have also laid their unholy claws upon the lands of the colonies . If men will leave England let them go to that Republic which we believe to be destined to bring down the pride and power of the pauper-creating masters of this island —unless , indeed , the English workmen anticipate the Americans ; in which case emigration will not be needed , unless it be the emigration of idlers and plunderers .
5.—This Pamphlet; Is The Report Of A Lec...
5 . —This pamphlet ; is the report of a lecture on the evils of night work and long hours of labour , Jdelivered at the Mechanic ' s Institution , Southamptonbuildiags , Lord Ashley in the chair . The lecturer , Mr W . A . Guy , is Physician to the King ' s College Hospital , & c . His discourse is a masterly exposure of the sufferings of the Journeymen Bakers—sufferings which , when generally known , cannot fail to create that ' public opinion' which will insist upon the emancipation of this terribly oppressed class of
working men . Were we inclined to be critical , we might find fault with certain notions of the lecturer on thequestion of LabourandCapital , which certainly do him no cre dit ; but we are content to recommend this pamphlet as , on the whole , well calculated to serve the cause of a body of our fellow countrymenfor whom we feel sincere sympathy . We shall try to find room as soon as possible , for a lengthier notice , and fuller consideration of the frightful revelations contained in this pamp hlet .
6 . —This is a very interesting account of the bread bakingtraderfrom'the-earliest periodtotheipresent time . Afternoticingthestateoftheartofbreadmaking amongst the ancient Egyptians , Greeks , Jews , and Phosnicians , and the curious institution of the ' Bakers' College' in ancient Rome , Mr Read notes the state of the art amongst our ancestors ; andfrom them descending to King John , gives a sketch of the trade from the rei gn of that monarch to the present
time . The old acts of Parliament fixing the price ef bread , & c „ quoted from by Mr Read , are exceedingly interesting . One fact is worthy of notice , in the year 1687 tbe weekly wages of husbandry labour would supply the labourer with twenty-four quartern loaves ; tbe wages of husbandry labour now would supply the labourer with not half that number of four pound loaves , each of which loaves is 5 oz . 8 dr . less than the old' quartern I '
A variety of information as to the present state of the bread-baking trade , of considerable interest to tbe public generall y , will be found in this pamphlet ; which reflects great credit on the industry , ability , ynd public spirit of its author .
Publications Received. —Wright's History...
Publications Received . —Wright ' s History of Ireland , Part 11 . —^ Lecture on the People ' s Charter , by Samuel Kydd . —Miscellaneous Mathematical Papers of Oliver Byne . —The Taxpayer ' s Catechism .
To The People Of England. « Depend Upon ...
TO THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND . « Depend upon it , tho interests of those classes which are so often contrasted ara tbe sanse , | and It la only igaoraepe tbat prevents tbem from uniting for each others' advantage . Te remove that Ignorance , and to show hew man can help man , ought to be the aim of every philanthropic person . "—His ReiiL Highkisb Pbutc- Aibbbf . —
Fellow Coojrrnymen.—Where Shall We Trace...
Fellow CoojrrnYMEN . —Where shall we trace the cause or causes of tbis sad change in England ? It was not always so ! There was a time , I well remember it , when the rich and the poor were not enemies . Once the aristocracy were the pride of the people . Englishmen were then famed for loyalty—her prisons were not crowded with political offenders . One constable more than served , in those days , to keep the peace in such a town as Leeds , whose p rison door was more frequentl y thrown wide open than closed upon a prisoner ! Why are our different classes now engaged in angry strife ? Why such denunciation of the aristocracy by the people ? Why this contempt of lawso much disloyalty ?
We are told by Royal lips , and I believe the Royal word , ' the interests of those classes are the same . ' Then , why , I ask , such , strife , hatred , contempt , envy , and revenge ? There may be many causes for this melancholy change—one , I am sure , may be discovered in that 'ignorance'deplored hy his Royal Highness Prince Albert—ignorance on the part of those statesmen wh . have changed the spirit of our laws , under the pretence of reforming our institutions . It would be tedious to name many instances—I will , at present confine myself to one .
The 43 rd of Elizabeth secured to all—no matter of what class—the right of life and liberty—of social and domestic security . Our homes , however humble , were as secure against the rod of the oppressor as the royal palace . The domestic circle of the cottage was then as much protected ' as the Royal Family—its matrimonial bed as sacred—its parish church as sure . There was then a cord of sympathy from class to class—the parson , the justice—the ratepayers themselves relieved the poor—not niggardly—they shared with them of the best .
That cord , which bound society together in love and peace , was snapped by 'ignorant' men , who fancied that a total separation from all other classes would be a blessing , ' a boon , ' to the poor!—who thought that every other' class' would be enriched by transferring' the management of the poor' to stranger hirelings , sitting in the metropolis , thus avoiding the danger of such unpopularity as their oppression might ensure!—who pretended , also , that banishment from the protection of the Constitution , and casting them ' on their own resources / would enrich the paupers ! It is not possible , under such a change , the people should remain the same . The friends of the constitution warned the innovators ; their warnings were unheeded , but the sad result has proved them just ,
It was all in vain to contend against those ' ignorant ' , men , self-styled ' philosophers . ' The Word of God , the law of Nature , the books of the Constitution and the Church , the wisest living legal and clerical authorities , were all treated with contempt . The' philosophers' were as resolute as ' ignorant . ' They made the great anarchial experiment—we now reap its bitter fruit . The different ' classes' are severed , because their 'interests' seem to be no longer' the same . "
The great officers at the head of the monster establishment have been hurled from power , they have been succeeded by one whose very nature recoils at the stern duties of bis office . Still , the inhuman statute is in operation , dividing the * classes' whose ' interest' should be ' the same , ' separating families , undermining all constitutional law , setting at noug ht the most sacred injunctions of the Chnrch , and breaking the positive law . of God !
The sheet anchor of the internal peace of England was the parochial system—it was the cradle of our loyalty and patriotism ; centralisation has removed that bulwark of the throne which is now defended by bristling bayonets and armies of police . By the New Poor Law the poor have been wickedly persecuted . By reason of the multitude of the oppressions , the oppressed have been made to cry—they cry out by reason of the arm of the mighty . God regards the prayer of the destitute , and enters into judgment with the ancients of the people , who have eaten of the spoil of the poor . No marvel that we are troubled on every side , no wonder that society is deranged , and that our cleverest statesmen are at their wit's end .
Say what we will , do what we can , English society will never be restored to peace under the operation of centralisation , and the God-despising , man-destroying New Poor Law . Being an Englishman I blush to call that accursed statute—law . Law is inalienably wedded to truth and justice ; whereas that abominable Act was framed in falsehood and passed by fraud . ' Iimoraat / unjust , and cruel as were its projectors and supporters , they dared not incorporate therein the separation of man and wife . No ; had that been stated in the Bill , its defeat would have been secured . Instead thereof , Parliament itself was insulted ; a power which the Legislature had no
authority to delegate was vested in three men ( to be chosen by the Ministers of the Crown ) to make ' rules , ' which , being sanctioned by a Secretary of State , should ( so says the Act ) have all the power of Acts of Parliament ! This monstrous encroachment on our liberties and their prerogative absolutely received the sanction of the Legislature ! The late Earl of Eldon assured me the Constitution invested the Legislature with no such power I How can loyalty be expected among the people , when the legislators themselves are traitors to the Constitution ? Englishmen acquainted with their constitutional rights cannot yield allegiance to unconstitutional enactments .
The three' men without hearts , ' « ho were named by the Ministers , had the hardihood to do that which Parliament dared not to attempt . In spite of the strongest impulses of nature—the most solemn injunctions of the Church , and the positive command of Almighty God—those three persons made a ' rule' ( which is now said to have all the authority of an Act of Parliament in this so called Christian country ) , that poor men should be separated from their wives ; that , for the crime ol poverty , the homes of the poor should be destroyed ; that , in the ' union house / the most sacred ' union ' should be dissolved . The poor have thus lost their most cherished and sacred rights!—the rich retain them !
Englishmen ! I appeal to your judgment as well as your hearts . Is it possible to have respect for such enactments ? Is it not natural that , under such ' laws / the poor should be disaffected—that class should strive against class ? Prince Albert cannot fail to recognise , in the authors and supporters oi such a ' law / the'ignorance ' of which his Eoyal Highness complains . Why am I led into this train of thought ? I have a reason . I will give it to you . Ivfish to met your attention on that one point in our social—or , rather , anti-social system , the separation of Poor men from their wives , not by the authority of law ( that were impossible ) , but by a' rule' made by three men , sanctioned by a fourth , which is said to have all thetorce of an Act of Parliament 11 would endeavour to convince you that , under the enforcement of that' rule / it is unnatural to expect social
Fellow Coojrrnymen.—Where Shall We Trace...
peace , because the rule itself is opposed to Natur . ' Re . on [; Constitution , and the Church ! This has been a strange revolutionary year . Riots , insurrections , rebellions , and revolutions , have become as household words ! They have occupied the attention of the Legislature , the press , the pulpits , and of politicians of all grades-nay , every domestic circle has rung the changes on such events . There has been one riot in England , scarcely noticed , yet that riot was more pregnant withimportant results than any disturbance within my recol ectiou . Though unnoticed in Parliament , merely recorded in the press , and undebated by politicians , it is recorded in Hesven-observed by Him who never fails to avenge the wrongs of the poor .
The perusal of the record of that riot forced me to the solemn consideration of England ' s curse——the New Poor Law—induced me to address my countrymen , under the hope that I mi ght convince you of the absolute necessity of obtaining the repeal of that destructive Act . The riot to which I allude is recorded in the Times of June 19 th , 1848 , the last paragraph in page 7 . I insert it for your perusal , - before making further observations thereon . It is as follows : — DisTUBBiitcsa it Neawicn . — Oa Friday last , abou nine o ' clock in th « evinlng , nine men , inmatis ofth * workhouie , who had boen previously s . nt to prison for totaling t » obey tbe workhouse rules , but liberated again , refused to go to bed without their wives . Tha
governor of tho workhome Immediately sent for tbe mayor , whe , with oth » r magi-trates , went to tho work , house . The paupers , who made no resistance , were ordered to be convejed to tk . gaol , and a body of police took charge of tbem . The mob , which had assembled on the outside of the workhouse , dir . oly the paupers and the police appeared , attacked tbe Utter by throw , log stones and bottl-s at tbem , and on their re . turn from the gaol renewed the attack . Several
thousand * w « e colltctsd tog-ther , and sone of the police were injured by the stones . The mayor and the magistrates gave orders , in consequence , to clear the streets , which the boUc . iffccted , after several vigorous oharge » , In which some hard blows were dealt . Bat it was not till nearly one o ' clock that order was completely established . Several of ' the paupers hsvo been condemned to imprisonment and hard labour for different terms , and the others discharged on promising to conform to ths workbouie rules .
That riot deserves more note than I have space for in this'letter . There is a saying attributed to high legal authority , ' Christianity is part and parcel of the law of England / Now , Jesus Christ taught his disciples after this fashion— ' They ( man and wife ) are no more twain , but one flesh . What , therefore , God hath joined together , let no man put asunder . ' The Church of England , which is the Church of Christ , instructs her members thus : — Matrimony was ordained for the mutual society , help asd comfort that tbe one ought ta have of the other , both in prosperity and adversity . To have and to hold from this day forward , for better for worse , for riohar for poorer , in sickness and is health , to love and to cherish , till death us ( man and wlfrf ) do part , according to God ' s holy ordinance .
Those whom Qod hath joined together , let ne nnu put asunder . I pronounce that thoy ha man aad wife together . That they may so live together ia tbis life , that in tbe world to come thej ma ; have life everlastlag , Tj at every maa have his own wife , and every woxian her own husband . Very important thoughts and questions present themselves . At present I conclude . I ^ am , fellow-Christians and Churchmen , Yours faithfully , Fulham , Middlesex . Richard Oastler .
Joseph Von Jellachich, Ban Of Croatia. A...
JOSEPH VON JELLACHICH , BAN OF CROATIA . A short sketch of the Ban , who has , acquired so sudden a celebrity , will be read with interest . I have had occasion ( says the . writer from whom we borrow this description ) often to converse with Jollachioh . He is a man of the middle height , of a powerful and firmly knit framej , forty-nine years of age , in his youth of a delicate constitution , but now enjoying ex * oellent health . His head is bald at the top , but encircled with a fringe of jet black hair ; he has a high forehead , bushy eyebrows , a mild clear dark eye , an aquiline nose , a finely chiselled mouth , with , an ex preasion of great decision of obaracttr . He leaves the impression upon the observer of a man of a mild but determined character , fully confident of his own powers . He has not one particle of pride about him .
and one would s . arceJy look upon him as the leader of a wild race or a man of high ambhion . His voice ia soft ; his education is entirely German ; he speaks German as if it was his native tongue and will , the Austrian accent ; he is a great admirer of the German language and literature , but his Sclavonic nationality scores the Germjn arrogance nhioh disdains anything Sclave ; he speaks the Hungarian , Croatian , and Italian languages equally well ; he ia unmarried , does not possess , and does not care for , riches , but is devoted , to his nation . : It was only last year that he was colonel ot a Granze , or frontier regiment , which was annihilated ia an expedition on the Turkish frontier—he himself escaping almost miraculously in a shower oi balls . The secret of his i . fl . ence over
the Croats is that he is a Croat , and proud to be one , and all his energies are turned towards one objectto procure for his nation that position in Hungary which thov claim . He speaks the dialect of the people ; 'It is the language of my beloved mother , ( he said to me one day ) , and I am proud tbat I can speak it . ' Their Ban and their general , he converses with his Croats / and tells them things they had never dreamt of—visions of honour and glory . It is no wonder' that ! when he appears every eye is turned upon him—that they listen , open-mouthed , to what he bw , and that they are ready to f ollow him to Buda , Pesfch , Vienna , or Milay ! When they see him they shout their enthusiastic 'Zivio' ( let him live !) and will followhim any where . —( This letter wot writtenontke 20 thofSept . last . J
An Episode Of The Reaction Of 1315. The ...
AN EPISODE OF THE REACTION OF 1315 . The following account of a judicial assassination committed by the tribunal of Nfemes , is translated from the Dbmocratib Pacifiqde of October 2 nd : — The Dake of Augoulime upon the alarm caused by the escape of Napoleon from Elba , proceeded to the South of France , and made an appeal to the youth of Nlsmes to Induce them to march aga ' nst the usurper—the ' Cor . sloan Ogre . ' They commenced their march to the cry ot 'Death to the Boaaparitsts / on tbe next day , and when thvy bad scarcely crossed the bridge of the Holy Ghost leading from the tewn , some Gendarmes suddenly ma . e their appearance . The unexpected sight of these men threw such a fright amongst this army of heroes , that they precipitately fled , and the bridga being long and narrow , the most ludicrous scene of disorder was wit . ne * aed that you could well imagine .
In the precipitate flight of these royal volunteers same were pressed under tbe feet of others ; same threw them * selves Into the Rhine , in order to escape the blows with the flat of their sabres , which the Gendarmss contented themselves with applying to the backs of the runaways , the rest saved themsi-lves by flying across the fields , Their General being well mounted , disappeared like a flash of lightning , without troubling himself as to the fate of his army . Our Mlgmlels ( the nam * by which these royal volun tetrs Were called ) after a flight of some leagues , finding that they were not pursued , halted and rallied , not to fly to the combat and avenge tbeir defeat , but for the
purpose ef returning to tho protection of their paternal roofs . Overcome with hunger and fatigue , they resolved to enter the first hamlet which thoy could find for tha purpose ef obtaining re f reshment , either ' morally ot physically . ' They entered tho village of ArpailJarqu ., inhabited by persons professing the Protestant fnitb . H :. e they com . mitted all kinds of excesses , till at lesgth their brutality exasperated tho peaceable inhabitants to such a degree as to cause them to arm themselves with scythes , forks , and guns , and order the pillagers to imcns-diateiy qtHt their village ; upon their positively . jfutln ? , i hey attacltad them , when the Kiptielet . again ran away , leaving some of their party dead upon tho ground .
The hundred days' was ended , and the Bourbons ^ mounted the worm-eaten throne , tbo authorities of "ismes in their legitimate zeal , hastened to arrest the Principal inhabitants of Arpaillarque , and accused « hem of assassinating the defenders of the throne and the altar . Nine men and two women were taken to the prison of Nismes , and in a short time their blood flowed upon the scaffold . Such was tbe justice and humanity of the royalists of tho department of Gard . God guard us from these ho * cst men . By an Eye Witseos at Nismbs .
Economical Emiobaiion—Mr P. L. Simmonds ...
Economical Emiobaiion—Mr P . L . Simmonds the well-known editor of the Colonial Maoazihk , and proprietor of the Colonial Reading-roam and General Establishment for Colonial information , in Barge-yard , Bucklersburyj London , suggests to all parishes , poor law unions , and county boards , that advantageous purchases of land may be made in the Australian Colonies , by depositing sums of £ 100 eaoh with the Emigration Commissioners , for which they will obtain free passages out for five adults , as well as a land certificate of the payment of £ 100 , for which a remission or free grant of laud , to the extent of 100 acres , will be allowed in the purchase of land , Sothat if the parish or other public board sends out its certificates to an acoreditod . agent , he ' will select , purchase , subdivide , and re-sell the land to applicant , in lots of 10 or 20 acres , which they cannot get from the government , and so the first cost would be sure to be re-psid . The whole expense of survey , sale , & -., would not exceed Is , per acre .
Wmttits
Wmttits
Pbide.—A Negro Boy W_O Driving N Mule Ia...
Pbide . —A negro boy w _ o driving n mule ia Jamaica , when the animal sudden ' y -topped , and refused to budge . ' Won ' t go / hey , i aid tbe boy , 'Feel grand , do yea ? Is ' poseyou forget your fader wasaj * ck » ss . ' It is stated thai a aew Catholic chapel is about to be erected in Liverpool , in memory of the priests who died in tao tiuia of the Irish fever . Tho Glasgow Citizsn sta' . ej that tho extensive contract tor water pipes fur this town , which will amount to about £ 130 , 000 , has been secured by the founders of Glasgow , the contract having been taken up by four firm ? .
Mesmerism . —At Tiverton , last wiek , after a lecture on mesmerism had bseR delivered by a Mr Casern , upwar . is of fort ) individuals , who had _ received relief by maans of the lecturer ' s Manipulations , were separately introduced to ihe meeting , and stated the beneficial results which had been realised in their cases in chronic rheumatism , tio doioreux , palpitation of the heart , spinal complaint ., paralysis , _ w . Irish Pat . « ut .. —The following comment on the reo . nt Sta \ etthl wa . overbear-in a pub'ic thoroughfare on Wednesday , evening : — ' Ah ! Ton ? , it ' s just like our rulers j but the last wiotim was a much better man than this here O'Brien . ' Who was he ? ' * Vy a ohap as vas hanged ever bo many years ago—his name was Stitobit . ' ' Oh , no ; Hemmit , you means ( Emmett ) . ' * Oh , ay , —that ' s it I knowed it had semethinij to do with sewing . '
Plain John Bright , M . P . for Manchester , is at Wharfdale Hydropathic Establishment , under tho careof Di -Maoleod . We may expect something mild from our honourable Friend in the coming session . A « Practical' Lbsson . —At the Middlesex sessions last week ' , Madame de Sauzi , a frequent occupant 0 the dock , wa < convicted of keeping * common brothe The prisoner was sentenced to six months' hard labour , and to find sureties , herself in £ 200 , and two sureties of £ 60 eaoh , to be of good behaviour far five
years . Gigantic Oak . —About fifty yards norlh-eisfc of Bruce House , near Sessay ( a farm the property of Lord Dowoe , and now in the occupation of Henry Carmiohael ) stands a venerable oak , whose ciroura . fe'ence at tho bottom of the bole is thirty-two feet ; twelve feet from the ground the circumference ia thirty feet . The branches from north to south extend seventy eight feet , and from east to west sixty , seven feet . The height nearly fifty feet . Tbe vene-. able tree is to all appearance , perfectly healthy , with the exception' of a few limbs oa the east , which are tfead . There ir no doobt whatever that -this monarch of the forest is above four hundred yeaw
old . ¦ ¦ . „ An Atrocious Act . — A woman , named Davenport , is in custody at Greenock , charged with having thrown a cup-full of vitriol in the face of a factory manager with whom her daughter had had a quarrel . Cholera Victim , ih Eoipi —It is calculated that there must havo been throughout Egypt , upwards of 16 . 000 victims to thai cholera . Commerce asd the Slave TnADB . —Comraeroo alone , I think , can reach Central Africa ; the Negro must be taught the value of his labour . When this happens , the slave trade must of necessity cease . — Dr Knox [ Medical Times ) . It is said that hares are liable to contract tha small pox which foreign sheep have introduced amonK the flocks In s . veral districts in England .
Rotal Goats—In Windsor Park there are now between 200 and 300 beautiful milk white goits , all de . scended frora a pair presented to the Queen , in 1843 , by the Shah of Persia . .,,.,. A gentleman in Suffolk lately died from the effects of a bolus-he had taken as a medicine ; It was proved to contain six hundred drops of laudanum—sufficient to cause the death of six men . A Viciouj Horsb . —Two females , named Anna Faulkner , ' and * nne Sherrock , wete killed onTueei day week , at Manchester , by a horse , whieh escaped from a stable , through the negligence of a earter . The animal , which was worth . £ 120 , was destroyed the following morning , by the direction of the
owner . . „ _ _ - _ Oholeba . —The physicians of Smyrna having declared the cholera infectious . Franks , Greeks , Turks , Jews , and Armenians , have fled in thonwndfl to the neighbouring villages and Greek islands , and complete silence reigns in the streets ef Smyrna . Soicnw tab ... a Disf-R-Sfc- -A merchant , named Swan , has committed suicide in Sunderland , having swallowed sulphuric acid while distressed in mind from inability to discharge a bill for repairs made to a vessel of which he was part owner . A Ocrab ' cs Pistol—A pistol has recently been registered under the act for the protection of articles of utility , which is so ingeniously contrived that it primes and loads itself by tho most simple and un > erring operation . . . , , . , .
Three thousand three hundred and ninety-nine pamphlets , songs , and political writings hate appeared in Paris , since the 15 . h of June last . Foeeign FRUiT—TJpwards of 8 , 250 packages of foreign fruit , chiefly plums , have been lately landed at Hull , from the continental ateame . a . Sinoolar Death . —A few days ago , a workman , in Exeter , accidentally broke a bottle of turpentine ia his trowsers' pooket , and the contents saturated his clothes , which , coming in contact with a light , ig . nited , The flamerenveloped his loins , and ascended rapidly towards his head . He was frightfully burnt , and died shortly afterwards . Judge Jones , onca sitting on the bench , interrupted the interminably long speech of a barrister upon a very dry subject , with the sly inuendo : —• If you think you will put me to sleep like my three learned brethren beside me , you are mistaken . '
Fifteen sheep , which lately strayed on the Bridlington and Scarborough Railway , were killed by a passing train , and seven others wero iejured at the
same time . Middlemen in Ibbland . — ' There is ene class of landlords , ' says tho Sligo Champion , 'fast disappearing from the face of the earth , —we mean the middlemen . In Sligo they are diddl'd , dish'd , what with poor rates , the failure of the potato crop , their desire lor display , and their love of good living . ' Dasobb o p Lucifbr Matches . —A few dajs 820 , at Bradfield , two children , a girl and a boy , set tire to a barn in which they were playing with Uwifer matches , and belere assistance could be procured , they were both burnt to death . The building was consumed .
A Rising op the Police . —All the police engaged in conflict with the insurgents in Tipperary and Kilkenny during the late outbreak have been advanced a step in proration . There has been lately established in Paris an offio for the insurance of the lives of horse » , and which is stated is likely to prove a profitable concern . Arnopo 3 . —During a heavy sea , a philosopher , an a wit were travelling in the same ship , when rhe former , who was pale with fear , expressed his con viction that they would all go to the bottom Whereupon the wit observed , * Why that will sui your genius to a tittle ; as for my part , you know , am only for skimming the surface of things . '
D-termikbd Suicide . — The Emancipation 0 Toulouse relates an extraordinary attempt at suicide , A soldier in the military hospital attempted to destroy himself a few days ago by drivieg into his temple a long nail , using a large stone aa the hammer . There were no hopes of saving him . Ibrahim Pacha has shipped on board an English steamer , at Alexandria , two camels , two giraff . s , two ostriches , two buffaloes , the finest animals of their respective kinds which could b . produced in Egypt , as a present to the Surrey Zoological Gardens , London .
Parsing Improv-d . — A parochial teacher who delights in calling forth the thinking powers of his pupils , lately asked a member of one of his youngest classes to givo him an example of a Verb . ' Man , ' replied the boy quite re adily . ' How so , my ohild ?' enquired his master . ' Because / added the little philosopher , ' a Verb expresses being , doing , or suffer . ing ; and it tbat be true , man is tbe greatest Verb I know , for ho unites tbe whole three . ' Shocking Accident . — A gentleman named Farmer , while out shouting on his estates near Pershore , rested the butt of his guuon tho ground , and , the shock causing one of the hammers to fall , the charge entered below the cheek bone , passed di . rectly through the brain , quitting the skull at tho apex , and leaving tho unfortunate man dsad on the . pot , - CouNTER-Bil Coma . —A large cumber of counterfeit soverei gns of extraordinary perfect manufacture aro in circulation in Manchester .
Two of the crew of a man-of-war , lying at Plymouth , were tried last week for theft and desertion , and sentenced to fifty lashes each . Willing to Die . — A good deacoe , making aa official visit to a dying neighbour , who was a very churlish and universally unpopular man , put the usual question— ' Are you willing to go , my Friend V ' Oh , yes / said the sick man , ' I am . ' Well / said the simple minded deacon , ' I am glad you are , for all ( lie neighbours are willing , Pbbsonal Reflections . —While the steamer Michi ' san— ' of ours '—was lying in Detroit on a late trip down , a raw-boned hosier entered the cabin ,
and confronting a large pier glafl 9 , which is framed and set something like a state room door , carelessly addressed his r . fl \ cted image with tha inquiry—• When's this boat goin' eout ? ' Pending the answer he leisurely oosthis eyes around the cabin , suryej i-g tba accommodations , and receiving no response , h halted again— ' I say yeou , when ' s this ' eve boa . goln ' eout ? ' He received no response , but aloud guffaw from the chambermaid , who witnessed the scene , and indignantly turned en his heel soliloquising—' sidable stuck up , that chap - , needn't been quite so proud , for he didn't look as if he war much , any heouw ?'American paper .
Deprbciatiok of Newspaper Property at Shef . field . —On Saturday was published the last number of the Shbpfibld Mercury , a newspaper which has for the last forty-three years , been the able advocate of Conservative principles in Sheffield . n A few weeks ago , tho Sheffield Iris , a Liberal " paper , expired in the sixty-first year of its age . £
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 21, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_21101848/page/3/
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