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January 22, 1848. THE NORTHERN STAR 3
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§9#rp.
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SOJKiS FOR THE PEOPLE. TfE WILL BE FREE....
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^ ABD-EL-K ADER AT T OULON ; *$ OB, THE ...
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EehtetoSe
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THE WESTMINSTER AND FOREIGN QUARTERLY RE...
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Simmonds's Colomal Magazine. January, Lo...
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The Family Herald. Part 56. London: G. B...
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The Miners' Journal—January. Edited and ...
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Tke Republican. No. 1, 2, 3. London: J. ...
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Reduction in Wages; its cause and effect...
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CMTesuottfleitc^
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FRATERNITY—THE BEST DEFENCEOF NATIONS. T...
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unwilling idlers, commerce cramped--'Ame...
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THE LAND COMPANY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE H...
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TO THE CHARTISTS AND MEMBERS OF THE NATI...
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TO THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONKAL LAND COM...
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THE FRENCH INVASION. TO THE EDITOB OF TH...
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THE NATIONAL DEFENCES. TO THE EDITOB OP ...
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THE LAND. TO THE EDITOB OF THE NOBTHEBN ...
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The Law.—A market gardener has taken two...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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January 22, 1848. The Northern Star 3
January 22 , 1848 . THE NORTHERN STAR 3
§9#Rp.
§ 9 # rp .
Sojkis For The People. Tfe Will Be Free....
SOJKiS FOR THE PEOPLE . TfE WILL BE FREE . Bsse oppressors , leave your slumber *! Listen to a aation's cry J ^ Hark ! united , countless numbers Swell the pe a l of agony J Lo , from Britain's sons and daughUri , In the depths of misery , Like' the sound of many water * , *
Comes the cry— ' We will be free . Tyrants quaill—the dawn is breaking—Dawa of freedom ' s glorious day I Despots on their thrones are quaking-Iron bands are giving way I Kingcraft , priestcraft , black oppression ' . Cannot bear our scrutiny 1 We nave learnt this startling lewon— . ' If we will we « n be' free !' By our own—our children ' s Ce ** tsb , By tha fate within ear veins , — By each trnth-attesting martyr , —
By their tears aad gr * ana and pains , — By our rights by natnre siren , — By tho voice of liberty , —
' ' 1 We proclaim before high heaven , - | That ' t « rmirt , iwtcia {*/>«/' l !| Winds and waves the tidings carry ! j £ j Spirits in your stormy car jh "Winsed vtift lightnisgs , —do not tstrj \ e | Bear the news fo lands afar I M Tell them , —sound the thrilling story o | Louder thaa the thunder ' s glee , — rcf That a ' people ripe for glory , $ Aredsurmintdtolcfriil J | J . A . ItlMSSLAHIV .
^ Abd-El-K Ader At T Oulon ; *$ Ob, The ...
^ ABD-EL-K ADER AT T OULON ; * $ OB , THE CAGED HAWK . | I So core , thoa lithe and loag-singed hawk , of deiert-life i j U for thee ; ^ I vo more across the sultry lands shal t thon go swooping D j free : * % Jiunt idle tsloss , i 41 e beak , witi sparning of thy chain , si Sti & Wr egainstth y cage the wing thou ne'er raayst spread
again . Long , sitting by their watchfirei , shall the Eabylss tell the tale Of shy dash from Sen Halifa on the fat iletidja ' vale ; ggw thon swept ' st the destrt orcr feasring down the wild EIKiff , From eastern Benl Salah to western Oude Shelif : How thy white bnrneas went streaming , like the stermrack o'er theses , " rThen thou rod « t in tbe ranw & rd of tbe Mooriib chivalry 5 Sow fey rassia was a whirlwind , thy onset a simoom ,
?| Hew tby swsrd-sweep was tbe lightning , dealing death if from oat the gloom 1 If Kor less quick to slay in battle than in peace to spare and if save , 1 ] Ofhrsveisenmsesteomicillor , of wise connciHors most y trave ; (\ How the eye that flashed destruction eonld beam gentle-:, | ness and lore , ' 1 Eow lion in thee mated lamb , how eag le mated dove ! , -1 Availed not or steel or shot 'gainst that cbaresed life ' 1 secure , 3 Till cunning Prance , ia last resource , tossed up the } j golden lore : " ; f And the carrioabnizards round himstooped , faithless , to ; J the cast , : J And the wild hawk of the desert is caught and caged at n last .
4 ^ Teep , maidens ef Zerifah , aboTe ths laden loom ! I Scir , chieftains of Al Elmah , your cheeks in grief and I gloom ! I Sons cf the Beni Snazaa , throw down the cseless lance , J And stoop your necks and bare your backs to yoke and i scourge of France ! I 'Tw & snotin fight they bore him dewn ; he never cried 1 asuui ; 1 HenfirersnnkhiiswordbeforethePrincBOfFranghistan ; I But with traitors all around him , his star upon the ' " wane , j He keard the voice of Allah , and he would sot strive in vain .
Th ; j gave him what he asked them ; from king to king he spake , As oae that plighted word and seal not knoweth hew to break : Let me pass fram out my deserts , be ' t mine own choice where to go , I brook no fettered life to live , a captive and s show . ' Aad they premised , aad he trusted them , and prosd and calm he came , Tpcn his black mare riding , girt with his sword of fame . Good steed , good sword , he rendered both unto the Prankish throng ; He knew them fal » e and fickle—but a Prfaet ' s word is
strong . How have they kept their promise ! Turned they the vessel's prow Uato Acre , Alexandria , as they have sworn e'en now ! Sot eo : from Oran northwards the white eails gleam and glance , And the wild hawk of the desertisborne away to 7 rance « "Wiere Toulon ' s white-walled lazaret looks southward o ' er the wave , Stis ce that trusted in the word a son of Zooie jrare . Oh , noble faith of noble heart ! And was the warning vain , The test writ by the Bourbon in the blurred black book of Spain ! They hare need ef thee to gaze on , they hare need of ties to grace The triumph of the Prince , to gild the pinchbeck of their
race . Words are but wind , conditions must be construed by 6 uz 3 t ; Bash out t Jty heart , taoo . desert hawk , era thou art made fi show I P « ns & .
Eehtetose
EehtetoSe
The Westminster And Foreign Quarterly Re...
THE WESTMINSTER AND FOREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW . January . London : G . Luxford , Whitefriars-street . ( Concluded from our last . ) The principal article of the present number is entitled 'Ilistory and Exposition of the Currency Question . ' The article , which includes a chronological history of the currency is too lengthy for comment in ticFpace to which we ranst limit this notice . ' Bribery at Elections' reveals the corrupt character of tne present electoral class . The reviewer truly Eajs that the present electoral qualification is ' . the most absurd standard of fitness tbe perversity of fenmp . n rea ? oa ever devised . ' Yet he refuses to accord his support to those who would make manhood £ nd not bricks and mortar the qualification for
possessing the franchise . Apparently acknowledging the justice of Universal Suffrage in the abstract , he regards the establishment of that suffrage as too Utopian for present struggles . His remedy for electoral corruption is not very evident . The moral iiflaesce of some association calling itself tbe 'Anti-Bribery Society , ' conjoined with the abolition of the property qualification for members of Parliament , appear to be relied upon by the reviewer for working a much-needed reformation in the electoral class . We confess we have no faith in any such asserted remedy . The reviewer draws together a number of Startling facts from the report of Mr Roebuck ' s committee in 1 S 42 ; these we pass over , but we . must make room for the following well- ^ uithenticateti statements illustrative of the virtue ef the tenpoanders in the general election of 1847 .
THE « 0 £ ECPT KIDDLE-CLASS . As a fitting prolo . ' tie to the darker scenes of the el ec tsral drama , here is a specimen of the catechetical process to which aspiring legislators are subjected in pure and enlightened constituencies . The following dialogue is given in the ' Illustrations of the general election of 1 S 47 , ' on the authority of the leading actor , one of the aspirants for the sweet voices of tbe electors of Stafford — ' Casdidate —Why , gentlemen , I expected to meet many ef my friends here , and to make myself better known to them , 1 Fiest Electob . —True , sir ; and we wish to know something also of yon . . 'Secosd Eu : cxi . a . —Eow much do yon Kiean te gVre ? . 1 Candidate . —Bow much do I mean to give I c Fikst Elictoe ( icifft surprise ) . —Surely , sir , yon never expect to get in for Stafford without paying !
' Candidate . — Without paying ! Why , gentlemen , that is downright bribery . Besides , how could it be done ? I should certainly be unseated . TresT Elect . 5 . —Ob , we manage things here better than that ! If the fear of being found oat is all that deters yon from coming to terms , we'll soon let you know how to get over that . * Cakdidate . —How am I to get over it ! ¦ Fi & st Eixctoe . ( ia a tchitpzr } . — There is a . particular wall down the way . From this wall we hare only to tie ont a brick . Through this bole you have only to pat so many sovereigns into every hand presented there , tad well manage the rest . '
It is sali-faetory to bear thatTtne honourable candidate did nntplajbispartinibe Evramus and Thisbe fashion , wiich is attested ty tbe fact that heis not MP . for Stafford . It Is stated en tbe authority of a respectable journal , that not only was bribery on a large seale contemplatid , but openly practised . * On one of the banners at Stafford appenred tho very « igoificanr motto of 'Freetradeingold ; ' and fer want Of a convenient hole in the wall , a f bed was temporarily erected far the parposs of paying the electors astbey voted , by one candidate ; ttose who voted for another were paid at the shop of abutib . tr . Whatever might be the offences of Sudbury in this resptct , we conceive that they never ex cseded those of Stafford . ' In the City of London , bri . berj is statec " , and with seme ebow of troth , to have been & n a wtoltsale t : sle . Days before tbe election
The Westminster And Foreign Quarterly Re...
took place it was boldly announced that the 'long ehor e men' were seettred , that the liberals would be returnedand that one of them had estimated his outlay at £ 25 , 009 . Bumour says the election did cost the . indlvi . dual the mm named , on the lowestcalculation , and when it it stated that his share of the legitimate expenses of the election ought not to have exceeded £ l , ° vO , hoT ? are we to account for the expenditure of the balance ? Tne Wsxklt Tikes states the following f & 9 t , ; on the -authority of a correspondent > - » It . it well known that , at the late election lor the eounty of Middlesex , the Tory candidate waa vastly Ji . beralin . providing conveyance ! to the polling . placer in all parts of the county f but it ia not generall y known that heorbie committeewent ' a'step farther ! e . o- an electee whom I must designate & b | A .. - & ., though ' not more than two miles distant from his residence at any time fer wicks before apd after the election , actually re . ceived travelling expenses as if he had journeyed from Edinburgh to vote ! ' . . ... .
At the Leicester election certain doubting electorsfound sOTereictis in the bottoms of their cups ofcofea . From Cheltenham we have loud ramours of indictment , and all tie pains and penalties of the law . At WalUugford , opm accusations of bribery hare been made against the friends of the unsuccessful candidate . At a dinner recently given to the sitting member . some of the persons te whom bribes were offered were present , and stated these tfesracefttl facts . Richard Neale , an honest working man , declared that while at lafcourinthe fields , persons came to him and tried to put money into his pocket , but he would not have it , and the money fell to the ground . * It would never , ' added the poor man , * have been divulged by me , but some persons that were present Cleaning in the field , saw it ; and they divulged it . ' Mr Srantley Berkeley openly stated at a meeting in Gloucester that be had seen everything , at the election for the western division of that county that could prove feribery sad corruption . .
* We have had . ' : he said ; « compliments to the ladies , soverei gns put'into the tea instead of sugar , and into the wash-tab instead of soap , and cabbages bsught at any price ( Cries 'of « Ten pounds ! Fifteen pounds ! ' ) , and we have had one man coming to the poll and plumping for me , but ssyiay , There are fifteen sovereigns I bavo received to vote against yon , ' , ' Togaia the show of hands , it cost the Lord Lientehant XSOO . an d he lost-it by twenty to one . I saw tenants and old servants driven to the polling-booths , as if thsy were the shambles of a tlaughter-fcouse ; and many a-half-suppressed . curse did I hear frem the lips of many an old man at he passed up to tfce place of the murder of his eeascienee in the vote he wasabent to give—a curse muttered upon the man whs sent him there to vole' against me . *
The gloomy aspect of these crimes is occasionally reliartd . by a glimpse of humour .. -. V 7 e * re told that at the Preston election , an independent individual , who valued his electoral stake in the country at the sum of t « n pounds , refused to go to the poll till he was paid . But for once , She' old proverb of the bird in hand was caught tripping ; a skilfnl agent secured the vote , but paid for it with a note drawn upon the' Bank of Elegance , * There are a few illustrations of the respectable Bourgeoisie — tha treacle-sellmg , tape-mea & uring , cheating and lying shopocracy;—the gentry who turn up their noses at the Chartists . Verily ' these
hncksterers—political and mora ) , as well as socialare the vilest class in existence ; as corrupt as they are notoriously ignorant , insolent and fawning ; very 'flunkies ' . to the classes above ; and very tyrants to the classes below them . Of all plagues , from the rule of a sovereign profitocracy ' Good Lord deliver us !' With all that the reviewer says concerning the indefensibleness of a property-qualification for members of the Legislature we heartily concur ; but why not go a little further—why not * go the whole hog , 'acknowledge the People's Charter and proclaim its necessity ? There is no other remedy for bribery at elections .
An article on ' Nelson's Despatches contains—to our thinking—a very lame attempt at exonerating Nelson from the odium justly affixed to his name for his share in the murder of Caraccioli . We are surprised at the tone of this article , considering the Rqdical character of the Tresimirwfcjr . Nelson , even according 10 his apologist ' s showing , was a bigotted and brutal supporter of kingcraft in its bloodiest form . The reviewer thinks that the ' conqueror of the Nile' waa very badly treated in having only £ 2 , 000 a yearallowed him out of the taxes ; of course the reviewer says nothing about tbe poor fellowg who served at the guns—not a word for these * brave but poor men . ' This is a qneer sort of Radicalism ] The article on ' Popular Colleges ' claims , and shall have , a more extended notice than we can afford it at present .
Turning again to the * Foreign' portion of this number , we must express onr total dissent from the article on'Switzerland and its Condition . ' We have on more than oneoecasion fully set forthour views on theSwiss question , which views need not be repeated here . After a laboured defence of tbe Senderbund , tbe reviewer is after all constrained to wind np with the admission ' that the ' state of society in the old cantons , no ^ overthrown , was one of utter stagnation , wholly incompatible with the best interests and the noblest tendencies of the human ia ? e . ' The following from the Italian correspondence of the Westminster , exhibits the populsr opinion in Tuscany as regards
TBI ^ BBtJlTS . The youth of Italy , feeling convinced that it is their most solemn duty to seek , in every possible Way , the improvement of education , and the development of the national and social virtues , because without tbem Italy can hardly hope to take again her place amongst tbe nations , and certainly not maintain it with dignity and power ; convinced also that the first foundation of such virtues can be laiS only tbronjh tbe watchful tenderness of good mothers , —propose the following resolutions;—' 1 st , That the undersigned yoatbs pledge themselves on their honour , net only not to units themselves by
matrimonial ties with any ladies educated directly or indirectly fej tbeKunsof tbe Sacro Caere , but also neiiher with those whom they know to be connected with persons subject to , or dependant on , or afHliated to the company of the Jesuits , nor with those who are nader the spiritual direction of the fathers of the order . 2 nd , That the guardians of the register , containing the names of the youths & ho have taken the above mentioned pledge , shall be required , if any one forfeit his plsdge , to publish his natse and deed , in any of the journals most widely circulated throughout the peninsula , whereby he may be branded , in the face of all Italy , as one having forfeited
his boaour . From another letter from Italy , we quote the following description of the popular enthusiasm on the occasion of the establishment ef THE TUSCAH GOABD . You will be interested with an account of the festive celebration of the establishment of ft National Guard in that city , which gives a lively picture of the manner in which the spirit newly awakened in Italy manifests its > lf . ' In the evening , ' says the writer , ' there was great excitinunt manifested at the theatre . The Pcrjdla wis entirely illuminated with wax lights , and , forfearoffire . it had been ordered that no flags should be admitted , but the ladies , nevertheless , contrived to introduce them hidden nnder their shawls .
'There was to be a concert , but the music could not be heard for the incessant' Titos' After the first piece , the Overture to William Tell , aery was raised of ' The Banners ! The Banners ! ' and immediately the ladies produced their little flags , and the singers dragged in tho . great ones through a window , and Bet them up in the pit , and , in a moment , the whole area of the theatre was covered with them . ' Hoarse as was the public throat from shouting the whole day , it immediately set up a chorus in which ladies and all joiKed , Then this piece and the other was called for without any regarJ to the
programmethe singers holding handkerchiefs of the same colours as the great flag , the Italian red , white and green , and tbe band , a t every rira , hoisting their bats up with their instruments . « £ t » iea leUga Italiona ; cnoioa I ' ttliiOiiC , * ( long live the Italian league ; long live tbe union ) ; and then 'legate i fazzolelti , ' ( tie the handkerchiefs together ) , and in another mlante , handkerchiefs aad scarfs and shawls were fastened together , box to box , tier to tie r , down into the pit , right end left , acro » s and across , from bench to beach , till all were united by these brotherly bonds , and then began bellowing , for I can call it nothing else .
' Some one now espied in one of the boxes tbe Prince Poniatowski , and immediately there was a cry that he should sing a song , and , after a little negotiation as to what be should siog , it being dicided for a hymn , he complied , and gave us a bjmn in magnificent style ; the theme wa » of pouring ont one ' s blood for liberty , of resisting tyrants , of fating ready to obej the call to defend Pins , the ambassador of God , for the salvation of Italy . After each verse there was a shout of ancora , and then the whole theatre reared the verse again . Some of the Eeoicas were curious enough , for instance , ' Evoivan i fusili , evoivan le nostra sciaboli , evoivan 50 pezzi di canone , evoivan i nostri fratelli martin di Sicilia , evoiva la nostra L'unbardia , tnorte a Jesuiti , abasso i nemui d ' Italia , < kc . ' ( long live our innskets , long live our sabres , the 50 pieces of artillery , long live our brethren tbe martyrs of S ' cily , long live ourJLorabordy , death to the Jesuits , down with the enemies of Italy , & c . ) ; at last the y began in the pit to dance with the flags—and thus endid the iccalled concert .
' The whole town was illuminated , and the joyful tumult in the streets , even after midnight , is hardly to ba describes ) . Tie soldiers marched about the streets with drums beating , and embraced every one they met ; the vitas went on without a moment ' s cessation . One drew his sword and cried ' Let us swear upon this sa re , that we will fi ;; ht for onr Lombordian brothers . ' Some cried Eioiva & Dceembre , 1840 '— tbe day on nhich the Austrians were driven from Genoa . Every one spoken to was addressed as a brother . No one hesitated to address perfect strangers . One would call out « ew ' oo , and
the other must reply and wave his handkerchief . All carriages and diUgencei were provided with flags—t e p & isinaera eomlnj into lhe town bhouted' £ coirati * nostri fratilli Piorenlini , ' and the cry was echoed by ' Etoiem i nostri framiliomagnjesV—or wherever they happened to come from . With all this tumult , however , there was the most perfect order ; no pushing nor struggling , no disputing , no theft or any kind of misdemeanour among this mass of men , under HO restraint whatever from either military or police . Thus happily ended the festival , and now we have to think of work . In every open space , not oaly men ( including monks )
The Westminster And Foreign Quarterly Re...
hut women , are learning their exercise . The convents nave offerediheirhalls for glmilar purposes ; they are also making subscriptions for the equipment of troops , and have declared , that at the summons of Pope Pius the 9 th , the monks will all march to his defence . ' Glory to the Tuscans-the pioneers of their conn-K ? a redemption , Glory and victory to the Italians . « they are bat true to themselves , Austria ' s threats or ' blows will ba alike vain . A mass of miscellaneous s notices , concludes this number ^ which as we have intimated contains several very valuable contributions .: It is unnecessary to repeat thetttles of the articles : which have failed to obtain our approval .
Simmonds's Colomal Magazine. January, Lo...
Simmonds ' s Colomal Magazine . January , London ; iSimmonds and Co ., Barge Yard , Bueklersbury . Twelve TQlames of thin magazine are now completed , the whole'formmg an invaluable collection of colonial information .. The- present number commences thethirteenth volume , and contains a number of ably-written Mticles . of evenmorethan average utility and interest . The opening article should be read by all intending to emigrate , placing as it does the Capabilities pf Western Canada * in a striking light , and containing many useful , and , we think ,
trastworthy hmta to intending sattlere . The article entitled The English Rajah flfSarawsk' gives many interesting particulars of the life and exploits ofjthat celebrated Briton . Mr Brooke , it appears , is-a naio n o ^? oe ' "T » near Bath , and was born in 1803 . In his youth he was engaged in the military service of the East India Company . Circumstances having induced him to quit that service , he turned his attention ^ o , Borneo , then . almost unknown to Europeans .. The death of his father having left him m possession of some property he set about realising his loag-considered plans : ;
Being now in a pbtltlbii te act entirely Independent of any , he , nowise daunted [ ly his former failure , re . solved to purchase a small Vessel and tempt the difficulties of the tondertaking alone and unaided . . Tha yacht Royalist was the ship in . whtca Mr Brooke determined ; on attempting this . Equipping Uer completely , and manning her with a choice crew , he set sail on a voyage of experiment which lasted a consider , able period . He visited the Grecian Isles and many other places , among which was the Troad , the scene of Homer ' s , battles , and having put tho qualities of hi *
yacht ton severe , test ,. he aUengta left England . again , aad turned the bows of his little vessel towards that vast ocean , studded with those wild end unexplored islands whose beautiful and verdant shores had so favourably impressed his imagination' while first steering to tbe further e & at ^ ¦ A presperoua- ' and speedy , voyage , in due time brought up ., the . Hoyalist at anchor in the mouth of the Sarawak river , near the esntro of his philanthropic operations , whose results are destined to extend over so wide a space , and to influence the fate of so many millions of our hitherto neglected fellow creatures .
Fortunately for the future success of his plans it happened that a rebellion had just then broken out in one of tbe provinces under the rule of Muda Hassim , then viceroy of thi Sultan of Bruai . This chief , fearing lest his power should totter , applied for assistance to the white man from the far west , Hr Brooke appears , from tbe first , to have conceived an extraordinary attachment for this uncultivated , and , as it afterwards proved , unhappy native prince , whose character , from all we have heard , must upon the whole have been amiable . Mr Brooke listened to the Rsjah's overtures , and agreed to lend his assistance , stipulating , however , that justice and mercy should be accorded to the rebels , and started np the Sarawak river at the head of all the
Rajah ' s disposable forces , which were soon augmented by reinforcements from various quarters . The appearaoce of this Boraeon army on the march must have been motley and grotesque in the extreme . The hundred Malayp , of whom fitty possessed muskets , while the rest carried whatever weapons they could procure ; the two hundred Borneons , with their huge quilted jackets , and the same number jof Chinamen , forty of whom were armed with long thin iron tubes , which , when brought into play , were loaded with a large quantity of loose powder and slugs , and rested oa the shoulder of a comrade . The others had a few muskets , spears , swords , and shields ; and with this mighty host Mr Brooke took he field against a rebellious army .
After narrating the principal events of this * little war , ' the writer says—speaking of the insurgents . At length , perceiving that Hr Brooke was not a man to be daunted by any difficulties , they surrendered without holding ont for terms , which , no doubt , aided in indueiag Muda Hassim to listen to the arguments of his English ally in favour of mercy . He granted the rebels their forfeited lives , and Sarawak was once more restored to peace . By the performance of a service of so much value and importance to the Rajah , Mr Brooke won his highest regard , and obtained great ascendancy over his mind , inasmuch that , after various negotiations aad conferences , Muda Hassim proffered the cession of the district to our countryman . This , after leng and mature deliberation , he accepted , and from that time has been sole and independtnt Rajah of Sarawak .
The remaining articles are on the 'Colonisation of New Countries ; ' ' The defects of the Laws , as administered in our Colonies ; ' * The West Indian Colonies , ' and 'The Administration of the Colon ies . '
The Family Herald. Part 56. London: G. B...
The Family Herald . Part 56 . London : G . Biggs , 431 , Strand . We confess wehave not time to read Eugene Sue ' s new novel commenced in this Part , but we may state that a friend of ours ban expressed himself to us very warmly on its merits . From the truly original ' editorials' for which this periodical is celebrated , we extract the following : — WILL MODEEH CIVILISATION DECLINE LIKE THE ANCIENT Al «> PASS AWAV ? We are sometimes amused in the pages of literature with imaginary descriptions of the rains of London somo thoueands of years hence . and some adventurous traveller
from the new world ( then pretty old ) standing upon the ruins of St Paul ' s church , and pointing in fancy to the sites of the Monument , or London Bridge , and Westminster Abbey—at the same time cautiously watching the rubbish of brick and mortar , long rank grass , this . ties and nettles , thorns aad brushwood , that grow around him , lest some savage animal , brute or human , eying him in secret , should suddenly spring upon him and devour him , as now it might do on the rums of Babylon , once as thriving and populous as London . This anticipation is founded upon the acknowledge ! maxim that the laws of Nature aro unchangeable , and that what has been before will be again , for there is no new thing under the sun .
But it is the vagoe and disorderl y dream of a poet notwithstanding . The laws of nature are unchangeable . But they are methodical , and have always an oVject in view . Nature gives us all two sets of teeth , and the first set are thrust out by the seceud . But we have no rig ht to infer from tliis fact that tbe second will be thrust out by the third . The law ^ sfops with the second If a third should come it would be a wonder , for it is an exception to tbe rule . We ean have no idea of the natnre and destiny of th e secend civilisation , except by comparing it with the first , and finding out the cause and the reason of the decline of the £ nt . The old world begins to end at the Christian epoch . Then the neiv , or modern world besins todaun . But the old continues for a lone time
to decline before it dies , The old civilisation is Pagan civilisation . The new is Christian civilisation . Pagan civilisation was in its glory at the commencement of the Christian i vs . Rome was then mistress of the world , and had attained the summit of her ambition . War had accomplished a notable triumph . It had established peace on earth . Military power was keeping the nations in order , giving protection to commerce and tho arts , and security to property and person , in tho manner in which military power might natnruliy be expected to accord such blessings to tbe human race . Paganism was prevalent every where—victims were bleeding in
every land in honour of the ' gods . The butchers were priests , and the priests were Jbutchers ; and the meat that bad bled on th » altars of the temple was sold in the market as food for the people . Men ' s minds ware all more or less reconciled to the system . They knew no better . . They had no idea ef another . It would have been esteemed blasphemy , impiety , or fanaticism , to have proposed another . Yet at that very time a power was arising and struggling up to supremacy , which was destined to change altogether the face of society , and make its cities , its temples , its altars , and its victims , pass away fur ever into the memory or oblivion of antiquity .
Now , a system of religion and politics bo thoroughly desolated required for its complete overthrow a combination of all the desolating powers . War , earthquakes , famines and pestilences , were all necessary to overturn tbe cities , subvert the temples , scatter the lingering and hesitating inhabitants , and convince thtm all by the natural means of conviction , that heaven was against tbe old system , and had resolved to put an end to it . The great earthquake of Antioch destroyed 250 , 000 persons in the ruins of thecity . The sea rolled into Alexandra , and swept away 50 , 000 at once . ' The shores ef the Mediterranean / says Gibbon , spsaking of the great earthquake of 365 , A . D ., ' were left dry by the sudden retreat of tbe sea , great quantities of fish xvere caught by the hand , large vessels were stranded on the mud . But the tide soon returned with the weight of an immense and irresistible deluge , which was severely felt on the coasts of Sicily , Dalmatia , Greece , and Egvpt . '
Wave after wave of calamity came with desolating rage on the devoted empire of old imperial Rome . The Goths , the Huns nnd the Yundnls , increased the ruins which tbe wrath of nature had occasioned , end pestilence and famine made a visible decrease iu the population of the East , which has never yet been repaired . During three months , ' saysGibbon , 'five , and at length ten thousand persons died each day at Constantinople ; many cities of the east were left vacant ; and in several districts of Italy the harvest and the vintage withered on the ground . ' These give but a faint idea of the causes of the downfall of tbe old world ; and we have no reason whatever to suppose that less poireriyouid be necessary to bring down the present civilisation , * * # There are num ; roue reasons for believing that this
The Family Herald. Part 56. London: G. B...
will not be tho fate of Christendom . But great changes must inevitabl y come * * * We are , therefore , not of the opinion of those who can look forward to the time when a traveller from the Ore . gon empire will visit the ruins of London in tho manner once eoj graphically described by Daniel O'Connell in the Honse of Commons . The civllUatlon of North America is preciselyihe earners our own .... Itis Christian oivillsatloa . The republicanism makes no difference . There arerepubl . ea , in the Old World as well as tho New
. The United . States are merely tho SwitEsrlond of the New World . Theii civilisation will die with ours for lt j' » « iyjliaatlon and not a mere country that dUs . ' llko the Old World . So long as American civilisation stands will British civilisation stand , for whatever changes time may render necessary ineurconstltutlon . ' Mn as easily be effected here as in the United States . Indeed , if there beany difference , our facilities are greater , for our spirit of reform is much more active , and we are not so disposed to fall asleep under the comfortable impression that we have already attained to perfection .
ThetlmawHl probably come , ere long , when North America will be one of the most spkndld empires on the face of the earth- Her rivers are magnificent , her mountains sublime , and her plain luxuriant . Her climate is one of the best in the habitable world ; her territories also aro Immense , and our own language has already taken Inevitable possession of the whole Northern Continent . A eentury or two hence America will certainly be a splendid empire . But still its civilisation is our own civilisation ; and unless some new Mahomet arltes to eurb our progress like that Of the Eaateru nations , we cannot : fall > to pregress along with it . And that no such event as that will take place , is probable from this little known fact , that nations . preserve their original character more er less modified , like their cliiaata , to the last . Very entertaining and almost inexhaustible are the miscellaneous oontents of this periodical .
The Miners' Journal—January. Edited And ...
The Miners' Journal—January . Edited and published by William Danielle , Douglas , Isle of Man . The Mintrs" Advocate , Manx Intelligencer , and Trades Free iV « s , makes its appearance this month in a new and improved ' form . . For further particulars respecting this change , we refer our friends to an extract from theeditor ' s address to hia readers ,. which wehave given in another column ; and also to the Advocate itsel f , -which was always a very useful , and is now , likewise , a very neat publication , and well worthy of popular support .
Tke Republican. No. 1, 2, 3. London: J. ...
Tke Republican . No . 1 , 2 , 3 . London : J . Gilbert , ' 49 ,-faternoaterrrow . This Is a new publication devoted to the defence and assertion of the ! Sovereignty of the People . These numbers contains several well-written articles on political topics .. We should add that there is rather too much of the moral force twaddle . A little more fire would do the Republican no harm ,
Reduction In Wages; Its Cause And Effect...
Reduction in Wages ; its cause and effects . By Robert Burrell , Greenock . This pamphlet ( No . 2 of a series ) should be read by every working man . It telle all about the speculators in the China trade , railways , corn , dse . The author shows the effects ., of their gambling upon the ; trade and industry of the country ; together with the evil results of competition between the employerj > , and the long-hour system , ' piece-work , ' and the lack of faithfulness to each other , on the part of the employed . Every line of this pamphlet is a truth—truth which should be well studied by the working classes .
Cmtesuottfleitc^
CMTesuottfleitc ^
Fraternity—The Best Defenceof Nations. T...
FRATERNITY—THE BEST DEFENCEOF NATIONS . TO THE EDITOB OP THE NORTHERN STAtt . Ma Editob , « - Whilst admiring tho studious manner in which you exclude from your paper that rampant crusading thing y'clept theology , I am sure the expression of my high delight at tbe really beau @ ful religious breathings of the poetic gems in your Christmas and New Tear ' s numbers , may be offered youfor that treat , withouthraaking that wise and necessary rule for democracy to be guided by . I do accord the same to you in all sincerity , and , as a ci-devant lecturer on the truths and democratic character ( as I believe ) of Christianity , I unhesitatingly
say , they breathe the very spirit of true Christianity . Thoie rabid paid priests of its counterfeit , I know , brand such divine musings—the outbursts oi man ' s better nature anil highest aspirings—as seditious blasphemy . Let thtm ! More than one nation is enrobing in fraternity . More than one nation io grasping tbe eublime weapon of human brotherhood . More than one nation is rising to thefulI-digDity of manhood . Soon will all nations catch the inspiration—soon rivet the links of nntiors to the general chain of love , progression , and brotherhoodand priests be left far behind by the advance of that doctrine , tanght by the victim of their brotherhood of
old' All ye are brethren . ' Do I ground these views alone on what I read of society in society ' s paper—the Northern Star ? No . Even as a bystander , beholding the progressing labours of the artist , often beholds what may escape the too-intent eye of the artist himself—so may a paper , not at all democratic , or even Whig-Radical—but from another eminence , totally apart—view the great progressive picture of society . Such has ( ivhere least we might expect ) the Shipping akd Mercantile Gizette , In the leading article of its numberfor January 5 th inst—nnd it copies the remarks of another observer , standing on a still higher eminence , and at a greater , and , therefore , better distance—I mean an American paper , published in New York . It declares 'England is on the very brink of a vast revolution , which may sweep away some of its time-honoured institutions . ' I believe it loo , from more modes of judging than one . I bare always been
an observer of the rapidly succeeding changes , passing through the very heart of society , and tho progression in intelligence of the army , too , must favonr fraternity when the leaven is thoroughly spread . It must heave end work there also . Times hove been , from the trial of Caroline , ( an unworthy villain ' s wife ) , down to the present , when a little of the latent spirit has been manifest : —but then , how little had tbey learned of tho noble lessons which an advanced literature has furnished ; tboy scarcely knew that nations were brothers . They have since learned not only this , but also how tke institutions that have violated this 'Scripture reality , 'have , in their inevitable course c , { carrying out , } early diminished the means of living ; Imposed more heavily-to-be-horne burdens on their unprofeasienal relatives—the people—till starvation and pauperism arises , and the silent grave covers the mis . iesds ef those who create the military order to carry eut the system , and keep the people , their relatives , quiet under this system of decimation .
But , as my object is not to writo ' treason , ' I only further observe , soldiers are men , and they spring from the depressed classes . 'Poverty made half the army , ' and many poor Irish are good soldiers in our regiments . Your remarks en the ' national defences , ' tro just to an extent , but I cannot agree that they are at all no .
cessory . We are bristling with camon already , and our thronged thoroughfares have enough of tbe lovely variegation of red-coats to relieve the dull sombre blues and blacks of our population , without having an extra 10 , fl 00 to overbalance us . The facts aro , aristocratic families increase as well as paupers' and workers' families—but it not being genteel for ' younger sons' to work , something must be done with them , and a few ten-thousands of soldiers for them to amuse themselves with , as officers , is now needed . Andbear this in mind , ( as our citadel is a beautiful illustration of the fact ) , ' tis the p eo p le , and
not the French , our rulersfear . Headless Charley ' s son built the citadel b « re , with the battlements pointed against the town of Plymouth . No wonder our defonces are weak—' tis the way to make them so . Our present government has partly remedied the blunder , by having erected one ( nearly completed ) to sink John Frenchman ' s steamers , seaward . I do repeat , there is a vast fact in Wellington ' s remark , and . iu that of his aristocratic backer . Employment for rising ariefocratlingssuppression of fraternity , by raising again the laid ghosts of national atUlpathi s , to blind the people , alarm their fears , and drain their pockets .
Let Democrats act on the principle that' tyrant's perplexity is the people ' s opportunity . ' Tbe spider of the Tuilleries and our spiders weava webs alike . Has not old Fagin done the very same thing our own debauched Charley did—pointed his battlements against their common enemy ( so they treat them)—the people ? Let then tbe doings of the common enemy of man ( kings ) be useful hints to the several peoples of tho earth , and not regard e a ch othe r as ' natural enemies , ' but as brothers , and regard oppressors only as tntmies . It is with the ? c kings , as with the kings of a ekess . board . I need not further point tbe allusion . Suppose , as the internal convulsions of the French people against their evil rulers , evidenced by the Reform dinners throughout that land—suppose , smarting with the wrongs of bcttsyful kingcraft , they
vent curses on the common enemy , and forget not that our kings and rulers , true to their species , have with millions , of money , and thousands of lives , oheck-mated them at tbe game of kings , and prevented the progression of France and freedom , and talk of revenge—shall our five millions of Chartists—shall members of peace soeieties—shall the awakening merchant clnsf . who ptrcoive ' the coming revolution' and advancing freedom , submit to be still heaviix taxed to plant round our coasts pro - vocatives of warfare , and call up past recollections of the wrongs we have inflicted ( that is our government ) ok our neighbours : Forbid it . Tbe noble minSsd British people , allured by a lie , were drawn into the lengthened , murderous , war ; and aro now reap : ng its retributive
punishment , in a debt that is crushing not only tho middle clnes , but also making ourmercantlle—the highest of our middle class—look to a revolution as the solo means of ending cur miseries ; whilst tho wealth producing people are eitber ' walking the streets unwillingly idle , or working shorttime , ata starving , unr . quited , pittance ; those who are not so fortunate as the lattcr . orjcan no longer roam hungry like the former , without sinking down exhausted , pass into the bastiles—those superannuating provisions for the most useful and important members of society , because sole producers . Can this state last i Well may tbe Shipping Gazette say we are on the brink of a revolution that will sweep away many of our- time honoured (?) institutions . ' When It sees the ruin , havoc , bankruptcy , cn-wd ) d bastiles , for able ,
Unwilling Idlers, Commerce Cramped--'Ame...
unwilling idlers , commerce cramped-- 'America last year so advanced in manufactures as to consume ;' as a hogining , ' one fourth of her entire crop of cotton , and boasting of receiving { her only want ) , twentyone millions of gold for grain sbe exported , ' ' When she complains of a few English monopolists depreciating the real value of her cotton crop , because they have the power of mgu . latlng the market with the gold of an old established country—when an honest American paper avows the real cause of the Mexican war is to he possessed of the means of Increasing yearly her gold and silver currency , by obtaining the mince of those metals in Mexico , to give increased vitality to her manufactories and mercantile capabilities , so as to be able to use—not sell at a Liverpool value—all her cotton , and export the same manufactured —no wonder then ' mcrohant 9 talk of that disreputable , ungenteel thing . ' revolution . ' This GAZETTE has turned round on free trade , and owns the present aspects of trade completely stamp its fallacy .
In this state of things , especially taking into consideration the present low condition of our industrious , virtuous , willing , but corapelled-to-be-idlo wealth producers— their advancement in political science—thestake some of them , and' more wilt take in the land , and the comparison they draw between themselves , and certain ones connected with institutions the Shipping Gazbtte declares are on the eve of being , swept away—What is to be done 9 My opinion I will give , fir » t naming that I was not long since amused with certain calculations a mechanic driven to break stones on the road had made . Yes , of the class too ignorant to receive the franchise of freemen ; the reverse is the fact , as their traducers may soon find . Yes , they Know too much , and this knowledge B & rvts them for' the revolution , ' for f the Good Times
Coming , ' This man had calculated what a good old archbishop , with his twenty-one thousand a year for doing nothing , or worse than nothing , living forty years in his snuggery , eating up the commonwealth , and making all tie family bjr ' preferments , ' and proceeds of 'Gifts of livings , ' richer than continental princes ; and how long he , the useful member of society must work— - yes , how many thousands of years it wonld hoinquired for him to work at one shilling a day cracking stones , to . make np the sum this one idler in the ' Hive o' the State' devovtrs up , The calculation was . still more staggering , when he calculated how many bastiles of paupers , maintained ( as some unions it is the case in ) at Is . lO ^ ri , per head it wonld take . Well may the heart of the philanthropist sicken at such . recitals , to . hear . this poor fellow say , ' These here fellers tell us . all mea are brethren ; that the bible is true , and Adam iethe father of
us all . ' These archbishops , bishops , and fat sineeurists , are verily originators of a real infidelity . Authors of blasphemy and irreligion , tbe sooner sueh institutions are' swept away' the better . But how ?—that is the question—not by cheeking the onward course of the again acknowledged brotherhood of the nations ; mot by fo » menting war ; not by the ruse de-otierre of old Wellington , attracting the conflict , from , within to physical force movements without . No ; it is . well known that but for a similar' masterly military tactic , ' at . the . first French revolution breaking out , by . our oppressors , we should at this moment have been a happy republic , without debt , and tbe pride and admiration—not as now , the sportof the world . Thousands of lives and millions of treasure saved ns , would have increased onr resources tenfold , I might enlarge on this interesting subject , but must not fer space .
The rising spirit of the people , then , crushed by state rulers and tbe infernal machinery of a so called Christian church , would have advanced with that of France—like twin cherubJ , wafting peace , brotherhood , and liberty over the globe , had not Church and State opposing armias caused bloodshed . This is no surmise . One of the chief movers in the march of progression then , ( Thelwall ) , somo few years since opened to ma sufficient of the internal management of the ' Corresponding Society' to convince me of this , and before me now lies whilst writing , a coin or medal of that soclaty , on which is the dove , with the olive branch of peace and
brotherhood in its mouth , wending ever tbe surface of the globe . Now to my remedy to prevent another French war , and some score millions , wrung from a starving country for increased national defences—it is this : the very plan of Elifm Burritt with respect to tbe bristling with America — ' intebnational addresses '—the people with the people , regarding broken pledged rnlers as mere ciphers in the great metropolis—London with Paris , Manchester with Lyons , Plymouth with Boulogne , ka . ; and not a fitter time to set the same afoot , or with so little tronble , as to have these' addresses' to travel with the copies of tbe Great Imperial Chartist Petition through the length and the breadth ef the land .
In the addres ? , let the noble British people for once stand by themselves in their strength and their dignitylet them disclaim , at once and for ever , participation ( since unrepresented ) in the doings of their mis rulers in the late war ; and as with individuals so with nations , tho fact holds true' 'Tis great and glorious for to own afault , 'Tis godlike nnd divine to forgive it , ' let as ample an apology—since we can make no amends for our rulers' past foolish meddling with another nation ' s rising liberties—be made as the case needs ; only let tbe acknowledged fault be that of tbe real perpetrators—the Pitt Parliament—and let not the villanies of our
common oppressors as well as theirs ( the French ) , be made a pretext for increased taxes , expenses for warfare , increased pa'ronage for younger sons of certain waning 'institutions , 'and thus smother the deep , the far prevailing spirit of brotherhood amongst earth ' s nations . Another bint and I have done . Onr revenue has decreased , thank God , ^ , 217 , 409 last year ; pretty time for warlike preparations . Oh , let all lovers of the peace of their species and their country , especially our five millions of Chartists , abstain this year from what swells the revenue , from all intosicating drinks , and as far as possible frem all excisable articles , and peace and progression Is insured . Yours , < tc ,
PlTmOHtn , O-BfEBTZB .
The Land Company. To The Editor Of The H...
THE LAND COMPANY . TO THE EDITOR OF THE HOBTHEEN STAB . Sis . —A resolution baring appenred in the Stab from the Warwick branch of the Land Company condemning the idea of applying to a corrnpt government for aid , I beg leave to submit the following statement for general consideration : — ' If the Company consist of 50 , 000 mom bcrs , of whom the majority hold four shares , I Ttill assume that the cost of location will average ( all expenses included ) from £ 260 , to £ 300 , ea c h , which will realise a demnnd for twelve ani a half to fifteen millions sterling . Dobs not so lnrge an amount justify the demand for government aid ? It from private sourcts such a sum can be easily and speedily obtained , why , then , government aid can bo salVly dispensed with and we shall have
reaaon to rrjolce that we ore living in a country where social prosperity is at such a handsome premium , esptcially when wc rifkctthftt there hasbeen no dearth of specie in tho money market lately , no failures in la >( jr firms , die . Cut , independent of the sura required , will any suppose Mr O'Connor so devoid of capacity as to imagine that he would accept of a bill containinK Rr . y sinister cluuss calculated in any way to operate injuriously , or to destroy that he seeks to create ? Do you imxgino that the government ( howevrr exceptionable its moral aspect ) , If it take upon itself to administer aid , would attempt to impose upon Mr O'Connor , or the country at large ? Will not every debate on the subject be published in time to afford you every facility for judging of the course that miiibt remain to be pursued when
submitted to the government for consideration ? Again , if we aro to distrust the gevernment , and not to petition for aid in behalf of a finite social result , wfcerein shall we mtinifett superior sanity of intellect , when we shall call upon the same bad governmentby petition , to enact tho Charter , which , if it were law , would in the course ot nextyear ( through a gtneralcUction ) , place everyavailnble source of action for- the furtherance of this very object , and in bshalf of a larger number , within your im . mediate grasp ? If the objection taken by our Warwick friend ' s be valid , Itis evident that there must be an end to further communication between the people and the government . I remain , your obedient servant , Plymouth , Jan , 17 ib , 1818 . B . Robebtson .
To The Chartists And Members Of The Nati...
TO THE CHARTISTS AND MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY IN DEVON AND CORNWALL . Fellow Steugqlkes—Now is the time . The Chsrtist Executive has once more unfurled the unsullied banner of Chartiem , and have appointed three able and talented lecturers to disseminate the principles of democracy through the land . This induces me to ask tbe goed and true of the West , will they respond , by contributing their mite , towards fanning the holy blaze ? Something tells me they will . As I write , the dis-. rict treasurer called to say , that Torquay is up and doing , Teignmouth likewise—both have handed him their con . tributions for the Executive . Lst but the other localities through the counties do like unto Torquay and
Teignmouth , and the battle in the West will bs . well begun . The doing so will enable us to demand the services of the employed lecturers regularly . Many of you know , that what is ch i ef ly wanting in these counties are lectures and discussions , to dissipate ignorance and remove prejudice . Often have I repeated , that our principles need only be known to be admired and to bo Iovod . If such be the case and I am certain that many of you hold similar opinions , you will excuse my making this appeal . With a fond hope that it shall not be in vain , I remain , respectfully yours , Exeter , P . J . O'BaitN . Dis . Sec . 49 IIollowny-street , 17 th Jan . 1818 . p , S , The District Treasurer is Mr James Edward ? , hat manufacturer , Teignmouth , Devon : President , W , J . P . Wilkinson , Esq , Northernbay , Exeter ,
To The Members Of The Nationkal Land Com...
TO THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONKAL LAND COMPANY . Fellow Membebs . — Mr O'Brien , of Exeter , totally Bjisuaderstood me . I have no objection to the allottees having the power of amoving a teacher , ner sh old I object to their having the power of appointing oheirown teacher . What I object to is , an uGconditicna * demand for rent of schoolhoose , when there is no melans of as certaining tho remuneration the teacher , may noeive for his labour , and , in case of dismiss .-. 1 , tbe disadvnntogche may havo to encounter , as in the making of laws , o re should betaken to provide for every , the . most rcmotij contingency . I have no personal interest in the saatttr , for no rules , good or bad , that may be made on tbe enb-
To The Members Of The Nationkal Land Com...
ject Will ever flff « ct me , as I have no intention of < R ' ering my services to the directors as a teacher , nor if I bad children of my own . should they be treublcs-. me to any onebutmyself . Consequently , I can only bo pleading for others , and tbe full measure of justice ia as dua to individuals as to collective bodies . . I seek not to center upon a teacher the smallest amount of prescriptive power that could be exercised to the detriment of the aJfottees . I humbly presume that they would not submit to it a But when I am told that a teacher is to have twoorthre g acres of land at a lower rent than tbe allottees , as bein necessary for his maintenance—and when I am told that three acres of land , by dint of good cultivation , will realise a tolerable subsistence , I need not the prophet ' s gift
to toll me , that if the school make an inferior return , that it will receive Inferior attention , for where the car * case is , there are the eagles , Therefore , to prevent tho said disadvantage , I would suggest that no school-houso should have more than a quarter of an acre of garden land attached to it , and allowed rent free , as any tax upon tbe teacher must , in reality , be born by the allotteesend I repeat , that on an average there will not be more than a stven years' demand upon any of tho estates in the course of fifty year / , as tbe parents are nut sapposed to givo np possession when their children grow up , nor yet , in a genera ! sense , to roar grandchildren , I remain , fellow members , your obedient servant , Plymouth , Jan . 17 th , 16 ( 8 . E , Robertson ,
The French Invasion. To The Editob Of Th...
THE FRENCH INVASION . TO THE EDITOB OF THE NOBTHEBN STAB . Sib , —I must disagree with the view taken bj you ? journal , with reference to the twaddle about the iusuffi . eiency of our national defonces . A viler scheme in my opinion was never attempted to gnll the people of this country . Is it possible , I would ask , that the French could prepare to invade this country , without its becoming known to us long before they eould mature their plans for such a tremendoHB object ; Every man who has read anything about military sfFsiis must know , that it must take at least eome weeks , if not months , to concentrate the material of war . for . such a purpose , while th » knaves and fools who prattle in tbe papers say it might be done in something like half an hoar ! Then ,
again , havo tho French tfcnified any intention of making a descent on eur shores ? I hare not met with anything of tho kind eictpt the traces of tratb written by JoinvlIIe . Surely such a question made public , not from any valid reason , but through the mere epistle of an okl man in a state of dotage , is hot only an insult on our French friends , but calculated to imbue tbem iri . fh s rancour towards us , which we ourselves havo created . Bat , grantlngjfor a moment that tbey could ceme , what then , has . our navy , for which we pay sine millions per annum , lost its jpmfi ^ s ? Is our faith shaken in our fleets , which have met tho world in arms and conquered b * fore now ? Would onr fleet remain in tbe channel like a spoony boy sucking his fingers , while the enemy
was marching on our capital ? Nay , I should rather think it would be having ono eye up the chimney and the other on tho pot , or in other words , it would bo locking up the French ports on tho one hand , and sweep * ing the seas of French commerce on the other . What need is there , then , of imposing fresh burdens upon tha people of this nation by kicking up a row about nothing ? Depend on it , sir , it is from within our own land they fear the foe . I firmly believe that tbe whole affair is but a base scheme not only to throw back public opinion which is now a tiptoe for reform , but to provide an army of reserve for Ireland . I remain , Sir , yours in the faith , Gabbiel .
The National Defences. To The Editob Op ...
THE NATIONAL DEFENCES . TO THE EDITOB OP THE » 0 BTH £ BN STAB . Sib—I write in haste that I may yet be in time for your first publication , and for the same , reason write briefly ; My attention has just been turned by a friend , to a review in a newspaper of two pamphlets bearing upon this question . One recommends tbe enrolment of the disbanded railway labourers , who are to be drafted to Ireland , to let loose a portion of tbe regulars in that country . We may , I think , leave this project to tbe patriotism of the ' navvies' themselves , most of whom , I believe , are Irishmen . Another proposal , is to embody
the able-bodied poor , and also the militia , upon a some , what modified plan . Something of this latter sort will la all likelihood be submitted to Parliament , when it resumes . New , I have not a shadow of doubt upon my mind that , whether the croakings of the hoary tool of tyranny , who doubtless hears in every b r eeze , that steals across tho Channel , ' Vengeance for the brave & t of the brave ' , or those of any who Save given tongue on tbe subject , were uttered with tbe knowledge and at the desire of government , that an attempt will be made to take advantage of any panic that may arise . To do what ? Why , to do just as the old fox at tho Tuilleries did , whfn in theheightof a similar fever-fitin France , regarding tbe seeurity of their capital , the people , under the influence of foolish or traitorous leaders , Buffered bim to make Paris one great Bastile .
In the name , therefore , of liberty , by all that we have already suffered from military tyranny , I call upon tbe leaders of the British people to prepare tho minds of all over whom they may have influence , for a determined , an universal struggle against any attempt to add eitber to tho regular army or the militia . We foiled the government In this matter before , when we were b > ss rmniiirouB —we shall , I doubt not , do it again . Yours , & c , Dumfries , Jan . 18 , 1848 . Sicincs .
The Land. To The Editob Of The Nobthebn ...
THE LAND . TO THE EDITOB OF THE NOBTHEBN STAB . Deab Sib , — Being a shareholder in - the Land Com . panr , and having eight sbar . s for my family , I feel ami . oub lor Abe prosperity of th & same . I , therefore , ven . ture to trouble you with ' tbe following extract ; I copied it from a Sunday . acbool Library-book entitled , ' The Cottager ' s Magazine , or Plain Christian Library . ' HeII . Tnos . Weston . Spade Husbandbt , —In a pamphlet , written by the Rev . Mr Demainbray , Rector of Broad Somerfoid , Wilts , tho following passage oecurs to show the result of Spade Husbandry : — ' But I have yet to produce a much stronger instance of the poor man ' s husbandry . In the
summer of 182 £ > , a tenant , WiJiinm Knapp ( i mention names in theie statements that inyfaeto may be examined , if they admit of the smallest doubt , ) informed ray son , who has for soma time collected ray rents for me , that he must give up , at Michaelmas , his farm of eighty acres , adjoining an eighteen acre pitct ; , let to several labouroJB He stated that his crops vruuld hardly pay his labour , nnd , that , instead of paying his yearly rent of £ 60 . he requested £ 30 . might bo deemed sufficient , in conse . queues of the unmvourableness of tbe season . A rweipt wns given ia full fer the torn thus offered , and the farm surrendered at Michu « lmas , 1329 . On this occasion my son wished me to let the whole farm to the poor in small port i ons ; but I objected , lest the offer of so large a quantity should uviratock the maiket and lesson its
value in the estimation nf my poor tenants . But on & 9 day appointed for letting it there were so many eager and unfortunsite applicants , for it that he was prevailed ou to exceed bis commission , ani let t > . e whole farm to them , in portions of one or two acres , with the exception of fourteen or fiftoen acres of sandy , gorsc , and furze land , of much too bad a quality to ba rendered profitable to them . Selecting the moat industrious and deserving of the applicants , nnd making them cast lots for their several portions , all were pleased and satisfh'd ; and tbis furfa of eighty acres , which , tho proceeding year , had been thrown up at a rent of jgf . O . has this year praduced upwarc ' s of £ 80 , cletr of all expenses , from willing , punctal , and grateful tenants . Not a sixpence was deficient at the annual audit last Michaelmas . '
DiBBUNO Wheat . —Sib , —I beg leave to suggest the advantages that would arise te the agricultural la . bourers , by farmers adopting the dibbling system for wheat In preference to sowing broad cast . Iu travelling through Bedfordshire last spring , I could not help observing how luxuriant and regular the dibbled wheat appe ar ei , having seen it tried only on a email scale before . I immediately began to inquire into tbe expense per acre , produce , & c , and having been induced by the answers I received , to make a trial of it myself ; I have sixteen acres plau'od that way , havin « got a friend to send me two men and four boys out of that county , who were accustomed to the work . I paid them 8 s . per acre ( a man and two boys planted an acre per day on an average ) , in rows from six to seven inches apart , the holes about four inches , with from five to six seeds in a hole .
Two bushels per acre is quite sufficient , thus effcctinj a saving of a bushel of seed , which covers the txpense ot plrtdtin (>; and furnishing the labourer with employment at good ' wage * , without any additional expense to tbe fanner , as three bushels is the least quantity sown broadcast , and frequently half a bushel inoroon tbe soil I oicupy , which is a strong clay . It appears to me that any labourer may in a few hours become accustomed to it , being provided wi'h proper dibbling linos , & c , as the principal part is dropping tke seed by the boys . Wheat , which was planted in the mi-idle of October is now up , and looks as strong and healthy , as it ia pos-ible for wheat to look . 1 have no doubt but tho system will be more generally adopted , if only for the purpose of aftbrdim ; employment to a number of men and . boys , in preferdice to allowing them to exist upon parish relief . ^ COBRESrONDENT OP ' CoUHIBY TIMES .
The Law.—A Market Gardener Has Taken Two...
The Law . —A market gardener has taken two aces of land , on lease , from Mr Handyside , farmer Loobend , near Leith , at a rent of £ 20- per ¦ acre < . U thi , lessee were not well acquainted with 116 M tpabllitics of the wril sbeti well managed , h % " , JitIS venture to give such a price lor »* a ^ Sfg state the fact for tbe encouragemrn of the t lend ot the Land plan , which we heart , y . ^ J ^ KOW -Bomtowixo ^ w ^ much people think , in all «*«« ^ hund / eds ftf newspaper . A man Jhe ^ ^ ^ Kt ' dSl , 1 ulT Shave it takenfrom him when ntleverv midst of an interesting article , t > aave , oJi-JslZe mlteraU few halfpence per o « j . For " oSvXwo are like Pierre Lescoun ; we read : VpXv » P ° r ' rithlie 8 t . on , y When VM 9 0 UI V " r nrooertv an d w can enjoy it-o . no of the greatest RodSn liixnries-by our own fireside ; at times . too , when any other reading would be wearisome and distasteful . We like a borrowed paper as little as a borrowtd night-cap . —Percy St Join in Mirror ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 22, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_22011848/page/3/
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