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Northern Star (1837-1852), 22nd June 1850, Edition 2 of 3, Page 7, MIDDLESEX SESSIONS. . | Ib7i&^^^i]^" »fe...

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      ^ W 32 . M 850 . ; , , v NORTHE RN ,. STAR

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      Codrt Of Queen's Bench. Vggrl V. The Dir...

      CODRT OF QUEEN'S BENCH . vggrl V . THE DIRECTORS OP THE LOSD 0 N ASD r BLACRWALL WATtWAY COMPAST . \ Tr Edwin James , and Mr . Beetham , appeared for ' . fjgjndff ; and Mr . Sergeant Wilkiris , and Mr . pension , for the defendant—This was an action inwSht hy a man who carried dn the business of a {" rtJcrrcer and van keeper , in Bacschurch-lane . in ^ foorge ' s-in-the-Sast . for ah injury occasioned to Vmby the nrgligence of the defendant ' s servants , -appeared that , during the erection ef therailwav imnrcung the Eastern Counties with the Blackwail fSlway , the plaintiff was passing along under one of 5 « arches , when a pirceof timber , which had firmed " f the sleepers , fell npon him and injured " him ver severe ly in the lack . He was for some time Lid up , » n though now no sign of the injury was viable on the surface of the body , the plaintiff was still lame , and suffered occasionally severe pain . The defendant * had paid £ 30 into court , and on

      noss-examination of one of the plaintiff ' s witnesses jtsppearcd that a physician , sent by the defendants , had been once or twice in attendance on the plaintiff—Mr . Sergeant Wilkins addressed the jury for the defendan ts . —Lord Campl-ell s * id that the sole ™ , cs tion for thejury was , whether the sum i-aid into jLjrt was sufficient to compensate the plaintiff for the injury h ? had suffered . There could be no doub t th sttbe p laintiff bad suffered a serious injury . —The inry returned a verdict for the plaintiff ; damages * * 70 . in addition to tbe £ 30 paid into court . —Lord Cam pbell then said that as this was the beginning 0 f the long vacation , and the plaintiff was a poor man , and perhaps depended a great deal on the damaga to be g iven in this case , he thought it would not be improper for the defendants to pay the damages in a month . —Mr . Phipson . on behalf of { he defendants , intimated their perfect readiness to do what his lordship had

      suggested-COURT OF EXCHEQUER . THE ATTORSEY ^ SNBRAL V . SUlTHSOK . This was an « M > jS « 6 information filed against the defendant , who carried ou the business of a tobacco jnaker at York , to recover penalties for contravention 0 f jjjg excise laws . The first was that of unlawfully Dsine t Wrt r ° oins to manufacture tobacco , which had not been registered at the proper office ; the second for adulterating tobacco . —The Attorney-General , the Solicitor-General , Mr . Watson , QJU ' , and Mr . Wild * , appeared for the Crown ..- The defendant * as represen ted by Mr . Sergeant Wilkins and Mr . Word-worth . —Mr . Sergeant Wilkins for the defendant , at the conclusion of the case for the Crown , stated ( hat an arrangement had been made , and that a verdict for £ 500 should be taken by consent , which was done .

      SiVLETJR V . UOBB ARTHUR JLEXXOX . Crdi . Cos . —The Attorney-General stated that ibis was an action for criminal conversation with the plaintiff ' s wife . —Mr . H-Hill , who appeared fur the defendant , said that the court and jury would , he was sure , not regret that circumstances had oocured which would save an inquiry that could not but be painful to all parties concerned in and out of this court . He had proposed to his learned friend to accept a verdict for £ 500 , and his learned friend had consented to do so . —The Attorney-General said he bad consented to accept such compensation for the injury to plaintiff as lie verdict xrith these damages could afford . —The verdict was accordingly so entered . o ' cOSSOR V . BRADSUAW . Onthe application of Mr . Sergeant WiBuns , this role stands over to Michaelmas Term .

      COURT OF COMMON FLEAS . XEW 5 HAU V . STEVENSON AND ANOTHER . Illegal Distress . —This was an action on the case for an illegal and excessive distress . There was also a count in trover for the goods taken . The defendant Stevenson pleaded not guilty by statute ; and the other defendant Wood , not guilty and not possessed . —Mr . Sergeant Byles , Mr . Pashley , and Mr . Gray were counsel for the plaintiff ; and Mr . James , Q . C ., Mr . Prentice , and Mr . Phipson for the defendants . —The plaintiff is a general dealer in Friar-street , Blackfriars-road . The defendant Stevenson is a medical gentleman , residing near Hacovex-aqnare . The defendant Wood is an anctloneer and appraiser , living in

      Chancery-lane . Mr . Stevenson was the assignee of a leasehold house , and premises situate in Castlestreet , Souths ark , and iu 1347 he sub-demised them to Messrs . Saunders and Conneby , engineers . In July , ISiS , these gentlemen dissolved partnership , and the business was parried on by Saunders alone , he giving Corneby £ 150 in cash , and hills for £ 500 for his share of the business , the lease ofthe house , and a policy of assurance being also assigned to Corneby by way of . collateral security . Previous to this transaction Saunders Iiad frequently borrowed money ofthe plaintiff , who was bis brotherin-law . On the 24 th of February , 1847 , he borrowed ofthe plaintiff a sum of £ 300 on . a promissory note , payable three years afterdate ; when

      the dissolution of partnership took place the plaintiff discounted a bill for £ 150 for Saunders , whu-h was paid when due , and on Feb . 7 ib , 1 S 49 , he lent him a further sum of £ 217 ,, and on the date of tie last-mentioned loan an account was stated between ileal , bv -which it appeared that Saunders-was indebted to the plaintiff to the extent of £ 600 10 s . To secure this sum Saunders , onthe same day , gave the plaintiff , in lieu , as was alleged , of previous securities , a warr \ i : t of attorney , on which judgment was forthwith entered up , and a warrant of ji . fa . issued and lodged with the Sheriff of Surrey , but with instructions not to levy nnlesss some other creditor of Saunders should leave a writ against him at the office . -A few days afterwards a judgment creditor , named Marshall , lodged af . fa . against him with the same sheriff , who lodged under it , and Marshallclaiming priority over tbe plaintiff ' s iudsment . the plaintiff paid Marshall , and took a

      bill of sale from the sheriff for the goods , which were valued by the broker at £ 095 . On the llth of September the plaintiff himself took possession of the goods , and employed an auctioneer named Rutland , to catalogue them preparatory to a sale , aad Rutland put one of hi * men in possession on behalf of the plaintiff ; but the sale did not take place , and it was resolved to submit the effects for sale by private contract On the 4 th of . October the defendant Stevenson applied on the premises for some arrears of rent , aud saw Rutland , who promised him he should be paid before anything -sras removed from the premises . The nest day a notice was served upon the man in possession , on hehalf of Stevenson , that he claimed £ 05 for rent , and that that sum must be detained for him before the goods were removed ; and-the day after , between five and si : o ' clock in the evening , the defendant Wood entered to distrain for £ 79 8 s ., as

      the . receipts of the ground landlord were not produced , and took an inventory of the furniture in the drawing-room , but not of the effects in the shop and warehouses , lie then loft a man in possession , and a written notice that eight mahogany chairs and the whole of the articles distrain , able on the premises would be sold unless the sum claimed was paid within five days . The next day Saunders called upon Stevenson ' s solicitors to state that the rent distrained for was too much , and some conferences took place , but the result was , that on the 10 th October , Wood , accompanied by two condemning broker ? , went over , the premises , took -a farther-inventory , and finally took away an engineer ' s lathe and three vices , sieged to he fixtures , and . ill the other effects on the premises , which were allewil to have been previously valued

      at £ 369 4 s . A short time before this Saunders had called a meetins of his creditors , and had attended the meeting with a m-ofcssional man , who read for him n . statement of his circumstances ; but neither of ttem said anything of this warrant of attorney given to the plaintiff , and soon afterwards Saunders became a bankrupt , there being little or nothing for distribution amongst his creditors . It was proved hy credible and circumstantial evidence , that the sums above slated had becq advanced by the plaintiff to Saundcr ? , and flie question finally resolved into , whether or not the warrant of attorney and the seizure under it had been made bona pie , or collusively merelr to protect Saunders from the rest of lis creditors * . —Witnesses were called on both sides , and the trial lasted two days . The jury returned a verdict for the defendants ; but several points of law are reserved for tbe consideration of the superior court .

      Compessatios Fur Evsktbvdt.—We C Ongratu...

      CoMPESSATIOS FuR EVSKTBVDT . —We c ongratulate the landed interest on the probability that before the first of April nest the government will have taken measures for making it s « me amends for the losses which it has sustained in consequence of the repeal ofthe corn and cattle laws . Our reasons for expecting that ministers will adopt these considerate steps arc comprised in the following paragrap h which has appeared in various journals : — " The Defunct Palace Court . —It is understood that the Treasurv has awarded to each of the four barristers ofthe Palace Court the sums they paid for the purchase of their p laces ; Mr . Best , M . P ., paid £ 2 000 for his appointment as one ofthe four , and was the last purchase allowed . The attornies and officers ofthe defunct court are said to be waiting whasort

      for compensation . want to know -or description of personal interests can he overlooked if those which ar c vested in the Palace Court are to be respected ? Whoever buys a place m t suean estahlSiHient speculates on future . SP ™*™** keeping up the rascalitv which he thinks to wot * hy . A distinsuished moralist has or ought to have—laid it " down that a bargain implying i ° maintenance of an abuse is an immoral contract ; therefore , not binding ; and that legislators may at any time abate nuisances without regard to those who have staked money on their permanency . . As to the attornies and officers of the Palace Court who may be waiting for compensation-rlet them wait for it a little longer—yes , a little longer than the innkeepers and coach proprietors that have suffered by railways . —Punch . I

      Middlesex Sessions. . | Ib7i&^^^I]^" »Fe...

      MIDDLESEX SESSIONS . . | Ib 7 i &^^^ i ]^" » fe , ^« f ^ P eace SrritaST ' ^ MMdlewx ; commenced on Tues-SeSw 8 h ^<> n = House , ClerkenweU . ™ <* kndar contained the names of 8 eTCnty pri-SJw i X ™\ i * whom 8 » xty-five were charged with felony , and five with misdemeanour . Mr . Witham ( in the absence of Mr . Sergeant Adams ) , briefly charged the grand jury . His observations were condemnatory Of the present grand jury system in the metropolitan districts .

      Bobbery bt A Servant . —Georgei Hughes , coachman was indicted for stealing a purse value 10 s ., arid £ 5 m gold , the property and monies of Philip Ktckman . Mr . O ' Brien appeared for tho prisoner . -The prosecutor , was a gentleman residing in buildford-street , Brunswick-square , and Mrs . Hickman , was in the habit of hiring earria"esof Sir . Yeomans , livery stable keeper , & c ,. in-Guildtord-street , in whose service the prisoner was as coachman and stableman . On the 10 th inst ., Mrs . Hickman hired a clarence , in which she , accompanied b y her sister , proceeded to Eltham , Kent , and of which the prisoner was the driver . On getting out of the vehicle at Eltham , Mrs . Rickman left her purse , containing £ 5 in gold and some silver , on the cushion , and on her return , after ah absence of nearly an hour , the purse was gone . Mrs . Hickman questioned him upon the subiect .

      one ne positively denied that he knew anything about it , and that no one had been near the carnage , but the ostler of the inn where the horse was puij up . On arrivinsr . in town , Mrs . Hickman informed her husband of the occurrence , jind he taxed the prisoner with the theft . He denied it . However , in his pocket was found one of the sides ofthe purse , which was a flat ivory one , and on the carriage being examined , the money-was found ingeniousl y concealed underneath the foot-board . He was then given into custody . —Mr . O'Brien did not resist the facts , but called Mr . Yeomans , who g aje the prisoner a good character for the time he had been in his service . —The jury found the prisoner «« Guilty . "—The prosecutor , considering that the prisoner had yielded to a temptation inadvertently thrown in his way , strongly recommended him to mercy . —Sentenced to three meatus * hard labour .

      Steaiiko Leao . —Charles Bevere , 32 , was indicted for stealing twenty pounds of lead fromthe premises of Messrs . Elliott and Co ., the . brewers . —Tbe prisoner was one . of-a number of workmen employed in making alterations in a portion of Messrs . Elliott ' s brewery , and in consequence of property to some amount having been stolen from the premises tbe police were communicated with . Two officers were set to watch , and they saw the prisoner leave the premises and go straightway to

      a marine store dealers shop in Castle-street , where , without saying a . word , he took the lead now produced from underneath his jacket , and put it into the scale and weighed it in such a matter of course sort of way that the officers concluded that it was not the first time he had visited that . shop under similar circumstances . —The prisoner received a very excellent character from two former emp ' oyers . —The jury found him " Guilty . "—Mr . Sergeant Adams sentenced the prisoner to three months ' hard labour . ..

      Robbery by a Medical Studext . —Massey Lloyd Poad , a respectable looking young man , described as a medical student , was . indicted for' having stolen a nautilus life preserver , and an antique p istol , the property of Colonel Arthur Howe Holdsworth , and others , the trustees of the United Service Institution , from their . museum in Whitehallyard . —Mr . O'Brien appeared for the prisoner—There were two indictments against the prisoner , and the following were the facts adduced in support of them . The prisoner had access to the museum , and the articles in question were missed shortly after they had been seen s-ife by the secretary , Mr . Tonna . The prisoner had sold them to two different parties , and when he was apprehended he gave contradictory accounts as to how he came in possession of them . —The prisoner was " Acquitted" on the first indictment under the direction ofthe court , on

      the ground that the life preserver . was not sufficiently described in the indictment . He was found "Guilty" on the second . —Mr . O'Brien called Mr . Louis ' Smith , of Reigate , who said that the Bev . Cornelius Gorham and Archdeacon Daltry were the trustees nnder the marriage settlement of the prisoner ' s mother , and he ( Mr . Smith ) was a trustee under a new appointment . The prisoner had always borne a good character , and was articled to a Mr . Lane , a surgeon , in Coveut-garden . —Mr . Lewis ljippolytus Tonna , the secretary to tbe institution , said it was with the greatest reluctance that he had had to assume the character of prosecutor , as he knew the prisoner to be the son of a highly respectable . officer . —Mr . O'Brien said the truth was that the prisoner owed -his unhappy situation to irregular and dissipated habits . —The court sentenced tiie prisoner to three months'hard labour .

      Steauxg Water Fowl in Kessixgton Gardens . —John Peters , 55 , was indicted for having stolen a duck , value Is . 6 d ., the property of her Majesty the Queen , and otherwise described as the property of her Majesty ' s Commissioners of Woods ; -Forests , and Land Revenues . —The prisoner was seen feeding the ducks on one of the ponds in Kensington Gardens , by a keeper named Dunn , whojhavingreason to suspect him , kept a strict watch upon his proceedings . He saw the prisoner take up one ofthe ducks , and put it in his coat pocket , and having walked a short distance from the spot he sat down on the ground , and putting the duck underneath him , crushed it to death . He was apprehended with the duck still ia his pocket . —The inry found the

      prisoner " Gudty . —One of the keepers said that the prisoner had been suspected for more than two years , and there were good reasons for stating this was not the first offence of the kind he had committed . He had frequently offered to supply parties with ducks , and those parties could attend if required . He was sentenced to three months' hard labour . Assaclt . —William Farrell was indicted for assaulting Ednvnud and Catherine Dwyer . —The prosecutor , Edmund Dwyer , was a marine on furlough , and on Sunday' evening he was returning home with his mother from a lecture room , when , as they were passing through the Broadway , Westminster , the prisoner made a desperate attack upon them , without the slightest provocation . He struck

      the soldier twice in the face , and knocked his mother , a poor feeble old woman , down with such violence , that her arm was dislocated at the elbow " , and a deep cut inflicted over her left eye . The prisoner was identified , positively , by four witnesses . —Two witnesses were called for the defence . They distinctly swore that it was not the prisoner who had made the attack , but a drunken man , whom the soldier first assaulted with his cace . —The jury found the prisoner " Guilty . "—The learned judge said it was impossible to believe one word that had been stated by the witnesses called for the defence , and ordered them into " custody until the rising of the court . —The prisoner was sentenced to four months' imprisonment in the House of Correction .

      Gas From The Decoitpositios Of Water.-—T...

      Gas from the Decoitpositios of Water .- —The great problem of the economical decomposition of water , for the purposes of artificial illumination , appears to be much nearer solution in America than Mr . White , or any of his competitors in this country , have been , able to achieve , and by a far more cleanly , delicate , and scientific process than by furnaces , retorts , bits of iron , pitch , tar , oils , Ac . l £ is a well-known principle—in faet , forms almost an every day experiment of the lecture table—that a current of electricity , whether galvanic or fractional , on passing through water , has the power of decomposing it , giving out oxygen at one pole , and hvdrogen at the other ; and we learn that a Mr . Henry M . Payne , of Worcester ( United

      States ) , hasingeniously taken art vantage pi tnisprwciple in the production of hydro-carbon gas , for the purposes of both lighting and heating dwellings : We are not esactlv Jet into the secret of the means employed for generating the current ,. of electricity , but as it states that a weight of Gllbs ., falling nine feet per hour , will produce 1 , 000 feet , of gas , we presume it to be factional electricity , particularly as it appears that the apparatus for lighting his own dwelline is contained iu a box eighteen niches square and eight inches deep . From tuts box , two flat copper wires are conducted into the decomposing jar , containing the water , forming tbe two poles ofthe battery ; and as the pure hydrogen escapes , it passes into a . carbonising vessel . , The process of

      carbonising we are not made acquainted with : DUl it is stated to be so far from costly , that carbonising gas for three burners for a week amounted only to one cent . It appears that , on the 23 rd of April last , Mr . Payne had his residence brilliantly illuminated for the purpose of exhibiting his complete success to his friends , and many gentlemen connected with gas companies , scientific bodies , « fcc . It is stated that , although only one small burner was employed , in each room , yet the light was dazzling , perfectly white , ' and so pure , that , the moss delicate shade ot blue and green , could be distinguished at several feet distance . The gas was supplied through a pipe , a quarter of an inch in diameter . For heating purposes , the company were shos-n a simple machine , consisting ot two

      discs , of iron , raised a lew inches from tbe floor , and between which two or three small jets of pure hydrogen were burning ; and , in a few minutes after lighting , an equable and genial heat pervaded the apartment . There ia nothing in . this description but what is perfectly consistent with scientific truths ; and we cannot doubt that this simple system of lig hting will soon get into general adoption , provided sufficient electricity can be produced on a lar » e ^ cale with equivalent economy /' . Mr . Payne canrcmlate to a nicety the quantity of electricity passing throug h the decomposing jar . One cubic foof of water will produce 2 , 100 feet of gas . The Inn-iralus can be applied to all , existing gas esta-? P- ^ j ?„ n , *^ md all gas fittings and . burners at JSSrtto ' w So * still retained .- » y Journal .

      Jmjimal -.»:Arkament

      Jmjimal -. » : arKament

      ;; Monday , Junk 17.^ ; House Of Lords. ...

      ;; MONDAY , Junk 17 . ^ ; HOUSE OF LORDS . —Presence ov a Stranger ™ . the Pberesses * Gallert . —Lord BRoubnAM .-My lords , I have given notice , —yes , I have given notice to . the party on whose . conduct I am now about to' make some comments . I believe that it is well known to your lordships that no peer or commoner has any right in . the . gallery of the peeressesi and that any nobleman or . ' gentleman being there infringes on the rules of the House . There is one gentleman ; ( the Chevalier Bunsen ) there now , and he has no ; ri ght to be there . ( Laughter among the peeresses . ) . If he does not come down I must move that he is infringing tho rules of your lordships' House . ( A pause . ) Besides , that gentleman has a placo assigned to

      him in the House itself , and by his presence in the gallery he is excluding two peeresses . ( Roars of laughter both in the House and among the peeresses present ;) I move that the standing orders be enforced by your lordships' officers .. ( A laugh . ) Let it not be supposed that I am doing this discourteously . I have given that gentleman ample notice that if he did not come out , I would address tho House upon the subject and have him turned out . ( Continued laughter , and some confusion . ) His lordshi then addressed the individual in question , and said , " You must come out how . " The . gentleman remained immoveable ; whereupon Lord Brougham . stalked down the House to the bar with great haste , and addressing either tho Usher of the Black Rod or ono of the messengers , ( for in our position we could not see Which , ) said , "Go and take him out . "

      Shortly afterwards Sir A . Clifford went into the gallery , and immediately the Chevalier Bunsen rose from his , seat , and , accompanied by two or three ladies , left it . Affairs of Greece . —Lord Staslet said , he did not mean to drag the House through the papers lying on its table , but he could inform them that he had risen with pain at the prodigality of folly , the .-lavish expenditure of . misplaced , ingenuity which they disclosed . The . ; course which her Majesty ' s government had pursued . was calculated to endanger tho peaceful relations of this country with the other great powers . He hoped and trusted no such result would follow , but ho would ask , whether the conduct . of . tho- government had not been , characterised- by unnecessary , rashness ; and whether , the claims which had been , compulsorilyurgeduponthe Greek government had not

      been to a large extent unjust ? He . reminded the House that Greece was a kingdom of not more than fourteen years' standing , and that its independence was guaranteed by England , France , and Russia . For many years past the representatives of these three great powers appeared . to have been intent , not on strengthening the authority of the GreekMonarchyi but on intriguing , to strengthen their ; own influence in the government of that country . Of late French influence had been in the ascendant , and . in consequence . it was believed by our representative at Athens that the government was acting in compliance with French interest and in hostility to that , of this country . f . The greater portion of the claims put forward , and of . which their Lordships had heard so much , were on behalf of -persons who could never be considered entitled to an interference such as that undertaken on their behalf : In the case of Stellio Sumach !

      redress was "demanded for having tortured a British subject , though it afterwards turned out on a legal inquiry that no-torture had ever been inflicted . The . noble lord then passed in review the case of the Fantome and that of the Ionian government , and declared that it was difficult to argue such claims for compensation as those against Greece in a satisfactory manner , wearing , as they did , more the appearance of a tradesman ' s bill than a national grievance . He must , however , express his indignation that out of such insignificant questions should arise the risk of an European war . The modest demand made by Mr . Finlay for apiece of land which cost him 300 drachmas , was 40 , 0000 drachmas , or £ 1 , 500 ; yet ,

      while the British government were laying papers with reference to this demand on the fable of their lordships' house , it was . aware that Mr . Finfay ' s claim had been settled by arbitration with his con-: sent . The noble lord described such conduct as a breach of faith on the part of the government , and as tampering with their lordships' confidence . With regard to the claims of M . Pacifico , ho ridiculed , amidst the . laughter ofthe house , the accuracy with which the furniture of M .. Paoifico ' s house hail been specified . He pointed out the extraordinary absurdity ofthe ' British governmentinsisting on the payment of £ 21 , 000 for alleged claims against Portugal , which the government of that country had declared not to be worth one farthing , and

      remarked , iu indignant terms , that the British government bad pressed for . the payment of all its demands on Greece in full , and bad , sent its fleet to enforce that payment within twenty-four hours . He then described the course which the' questions thus raised between this country and Greece had followed , and how the extent of M . Pacifico ' s claims had interfered with a settlement . He bore testimony to the noble and dignified conduct ofthe Greek government , who were unable to resist ; and whose sufferings had excited the -sympathy of Europe . Mr . Wyseand Admiral Parker had only acted according to their instructions ,-and he was sure that the latter would rather , have been engaged in the most deadly contest of an honourable

      warfare than in any such transactions . The noble lord , in eloquent terms , contrasted the tone of the Emperor of Russia ' s letter on the Greek question to his representative in this country , with that which Lord Palmerston had thought fit to adopt to the defenceless government of Greece . He reminded the house that France , though she desired to pursue a most friendly course of conduct towards England , had been alienated by the treatment which she had received . The question ¦ of the island of Sapicnza was one on which the British government had no right to act independently of the other protecting Powers ; and now that Russia had protested on the subject , he supposed the claim which had been made , would be . withdrawn . The

      order to take forcible possession of the island , however , had not been rescinded , and had only not been executed because Admiral Parker and Mr . Wyse had had more discretion than Lord Palmerston . He thought that he had made out the points stated in his motion ; and if they had been guilty of injustice—if they had made extravagant demands—if they had oppressed the weak and disgusted the strong—it became that house to show tfcat the government , of England was not England . In a strain of the highest eloquence he called on the house to vindicate the authority of a great nation prostituted by an attempt to enforce unjustdemauds upon a weak and defenceless state . ' ; The Marquis of Lansdowse , in reply ,

      acknowledged that the government was responsible for the transactions which the noble lord had brought under review , but in the House of Commons Lord Palmerston had been subjected to no attacks upon the matter in question , and he hoped to satisfy their lordships that the speech which Lord Stanley had made was indebted much more to the eloquence of the speaker than to its intrinsic merits . : He disputed entirely the soundness of the resolution before the house in point of international law .. He pointed out that injuries to the persons and properties of British subjects abroad had always been held to justify a ' peremptory demand for redress , arid that without reference to whether the government of the country where the injuries were sustained

      was an absolute monarchy , a constitutional . monarchy , or a republic . Greece , as the house had been told , was an independent government , and if she were so she must accept the responsibilities as well as the privileges of that position . He quoted a number of instances where foreign nations , whose subjects had been treated with indignity , had enforced redress in an equally decisive manner as in the case before the house ; and he closed his list by mentioning that at the > present moment American ships of war were on their way to Lisbon to sbpport peremptory demands for redress made by the government ofthe United States on that of Portugal . Coming , to the main point of the noble lord ' s speech—he expressed his regret'that'Lord Stanley

      had condescended to attack M . Pacifico ' s character . Whatever that character mig ht , be , it had' nothing whatever to do with tho question . Mr . Wilkes might have been a gambler and cheated at piny ; yet tho principles which were associated with his name were not compromised thereby . In the same way Lord Stowell had pronounced many splendid decisions on points of law evolving great and important truths , though the people to whom his judgments referred were many of them slave dealers , pirates , and adulterers ; The noble lord had referred to Mr . Finlay ' s case , but through the influence ofthe Greek government tho arbitrators had never been allowed to meet , and the writers on international law declared that a delay . was as bad as a denial of justice . Again , in tlmcase ofthe robbers choosing a Greek custom-house , in order to ciirrv on a system for plundering Ionian subjects ,

      he reminded the house that Sir E . Lyons' letter to the Greek government oh that subject had never been answered . M . Pacifico ' s claims had been made to the Greek governmentin general terms , to prevent inconvenience if that government raised ^ no unreasonable objection . Subsequently to . the dishonest acts which the noble lord had alluded to , M . Pacifico had becu a consul . under the Greek government , and he had too much respect for that government to believe that it would employ . in such an office a man of improper character . ^ The claims which had been made upon Greece had recened tho sanction of the Cabinet , and the house would nofc , . therefore , he hoped , : consider tbenvso exaggerated and unjust as the noble lord had described them .. As to the feeling of Russia on . tho subject , he attributed it to an impression that tho claims against Grcecehad been too suddenly enforced , and with too short notice . He justified theemploymcnt

      ;; Monday , Junk 17.^ ; House Of Lords. ...

      „ L *« * lr * ? t ° ? ce Ul » der Admiral Parker ... He empnaticaliy denied'that the amity b OtweehRussia and tnis country ' hadbeen-disturbed iand declared that we community , of feeling ; especially Vith ' reference to an questions connected with the North of Edrope , ' S" r h'gnei' than at the " present moment ; witn reference to the passing cloud which obscured w a moment the relations of friendship between ' tins country and France , he trusted it would soon pass away . He expressed his regret that the con- vention concluded with M . Drouyn de Lhuys had not reached Athens in time to prevent the renewal ot , reprisals . Complications- had' unfortunately arisen , and had been going oh for some weeks ; - wtnen were now approaching a satisfactory conclusion . He hoped to be able to announce that

      coh-11 S m a few days , even a few hours , and caned upon the house , in conclusion i not to embarras the position ofthe government with Foreign towers but to rejectthc motion . Lord Abehdees did not think that tie question before the house required any elaborate demonstration . The recent proceedings in the Greek waters nad excited one universal cry of indignation throughout Europe . The equity of Mr . Finlay ' s claim and that of M . Pacifico never was denied by Greece as furnishing proper subjects of reference to the judicature " of that country , yet it had been represented that there had been a denial of justice . With reference to the claim put forth to the islands ot Sapicnza and Cervi . the noble marohis had irivpri

      " £ a swer to the arguments of Lord Stanleys Since the fleet under Admiral Parker started from England it had been employed in little that' reflected credit on this' country . At Lisbon and Naples' it excited the suspicions of the governments , and though it arrived at the Ionian Islands after the insurrection , a supply " of naval" cats " for" the torture of the islanders was sent on ' shore from it . The entrance into the Dardehelles was boasted of , as ' ^ "• S 8 Drougnt tne Emperor to his senses ' , ' but" the the Emperor had previously acquiesced in ' theintjorpretatibn of the Turkish treaty in question , - and her Majesty ' s government had been obliged to apologise to the Emperor for entering the Dardanelles , and promised to do' so ho more . He

      cnargea ministers with having sought , in accepting the good offices of France , to put its plenipotentiary ; Haron ' Gros , in the position of a sheriff ' s Officer . 'The French government had recalled its ambassador in consequence of the manner in which it had been treated , yet her Majesty ' s Ministers , went oh hag-Sting with it , to the great injury of that good imevstatiding which ought to exist between two such great nations . When he looked at our relations with Europe generally he found them in anunprecedented condition . There was a time ,- when this country was respected and loved by all the great continental nations ; but how was it now ? He could not congratulate the noble Marquis on the novel friendship which he found existing with 'Russia . Austria had been deeply injured by the influence which hid been exercised b y us in Piedmont . We might have prevented the Piedmontese war , and we might also have pursued a policy which would

      have rendered the occupation of Hungary ; by-the-Russian troops unnecessary . Tho nations , of th ' e continent fortunatel y ^ separated the conduct Of her Majcsty ' s ' government from the feelings of the English people ; and he was sure that there was not one member of that house who had listened to Lord Stanley ' s speech who could lay hishand on his heart and say that every word of it was not strictly and literally true . - ; ¦> ; ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦ .. ¦ ¦¦ .. ¦ : ' .. ¦ ¦ ¦ Lord Cardigan was deeply impressed with a sense of the danger to which this country was exposed by the state of its foreign relations . Ho had the greatest respect for the courage and talents of tho noble l ord at the head of the Foreign Depavtment , but feeling the isolated -position in which the country was placed by the policy of that Department , 'he would give his hearty support to tho motion before the . house . . . - . . : ¦' . •' . ' ¦ "] ' Lord Ward defended the conduct of the government and of- the noblo lord at the head of the Foreign Department , and complained thatthe question before the house bad been greatly prejudged and mis-represented .

      Lord Beaumont announced his intention of Voting against tho motion , and rose to protest against some of the doctrine s to which Lord Stanley had given utterance . He criticised the preliminary proposition in the noble lord ' s motion—a proposition which the noble lord himself had found it necessary to qualify in the course of his speech . He contended that Greece being an independent nation , there was no necessity for consulting any other power in a quarrel with her , however politic it might be to do so . Referring to'M . Pacifico , the noble lord admitted that he had ho respect for him-,. and that he had put forward very exaggerated claims , but the house ought- to consider Turn as an injured individual , to whom redress had . been refused when applied for to

      the proper . legal authorities at Athens . Both to Mr . Finlay and M . Pacifico there had been a complete denial of justice ; and after a review ; of all the questionsindisputebetween thotwpgovernments ,- ' he declared thatthere was no course' left ; for this country to pursue except to employ force . He characterised the motion as an un-English and hostile motion , and lie hoped the house would reject'it . - .. Viscount CANNixo : admitted . that the- conduct of the Greek Government had been evasive and equivocal , but it did not follow that because the Greek Government had done wrong the government of this country had done right . Ho pointed ; out the strong objections to which the mode of dealing with Mr . Finlay ' s and M . Pacifico ' s cases was open in point of- international law . He also drew attention to the case of tbe Ionian subjects' plundered

      byrobbers , and showed that there , too , the law of nations had been violated by the manner in which the government had demanded redress . He reminded the house that there were other , countries in the world nearly as powerful and much less scrupulous in the exercise of their power than ours , and that these countries' would probably makoa disastrous use of the example which had thus been setthem . ....- ¦ Lord Edsisbury , like the preceding speakers , reviewed each of the claims put forward against the Greek Government , contending that in the aggregate at least tbe refusal of them justified measures of reprisal ; i In support of his view ho quoted certain despatches of the Earl of Aberdeen addressed to the English Minister at Athens , as showing the language which the government of that day held to the Administration of King Otho . . .- .

      The- Earl of Hardwicke felt satnfied-that Admiral Parker had not stated to the government that he had been compelled to enter tbe Dardanelles by stress of weather . ! Lord Brougham , - having listened very attentively to the ; discussion , thought he might take a very short-sighted view of the question , andsay thafcit did not matter whether the British oivthe Greek Government were : right or wrong . Regarded in that light , the British government . might be conpared to a man who went into-Chancery , . for £ 100 . The government did worse , for it went into Chancery for claims which were worth nothing . He denied that tho- government had international law upon its side ; and it waji-so fri g htful , ho snid ; to think to what an extent % ar might race all over

      the world if such doctrines as he had heard rashly put forth in the house that evening were to become established . He hoped their Lordships would do justice to themselves inthe public opinion of Europe by shaking themselves free from the recent proceedingd in Greece ; . He confidently expected they would do so , and in saying this he boretestimony to " the great ability and the peaceful sentiments of Lord Palmerston . v i The house then divided , when there appeared—Cntents—Present 113 Proxies . „ ... - . : ; 66—169 Non-Contenfs—Present 77 Proxies 55—132 Majority against government 37 Their Lordships adjourned at a quarter past three o ' clock . -

      HOUSE OF COMMONS .-Mr . Feargus 0 ' Con nor presented a , . petition from tho Smithy llolrne . Mills in favour of the . Ten Hours Bill . ; . \ v NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . .-Mr . FeaegcS O'Connor wished to put a question to the right hon . gentleman the Secretary of State for tho Homo Department . As tho Court of Queen ' s Bench had decided against the registration of the Land Company , and as Ministers had expressed a strong wish that justice should be donei to all the parties concerned , he took for granted the right hon . baronet had every wish that the rights of 70 , 000 persons should be considered-and fairly dealt with .

      Now , what be rose to inquire was ; whether . the Government would give every facility to introducing and passing a bill for that purpose . He should do all in his power to promote thai object , and he thought ho had a right to expect that tho government would give every possible facility . : . Sir G . Grey replied , that he : was not aware ofthe decision to which tho hon . member referred . As to giving facilities for passing a bill , he must reserve his opinion on that point till the bill came before tho house . When the bill was before them , government would form an opinion on it . Till then ho would say nothing . -

      Addresses to the Crown . —Lord J , Russell called tho attention of tho house to tho course of proceeding with respect to addresses to the Crown . In the case of resolutions of that house an opportunity was afforded for a reconsideration of its decision ; but when an address to the Crown was agreed to , the advisers of the Crown must either comply with tho address , or , if not , there would be a tendency to a breach between the Crown and the Ilouse of Commons , which it was desirable , except on very grave occasions , to avoid . It seemed to him desirable , in order to placo addresses to tho Crown on the same footing as other proceedings of the house ; that tho same course should be pursued . as with addresses to the Crown in answer to the Queen ' s Speech—namely—to refer them tjo a committee , who should make a report , which might he reconsidered , and an oppor ( unity would therehy be afforded to the house to express its opinion upon

      ;; Monday , Junk 17.^ ; House Of Lords. ...

      C ^^ ywrnor the orders of the oSsec S ier ^ Majesty V ' - ^ : £ lW 0 ? SSl . aSS nant , but he was not prepared to carry the nrboiplo of centralisation further ; l , obLted to a fourth Secretary of State , and could not vote for the second reading Of-tho bill if the government were determined to abide by the machinery contained in its concluding clauses . He detailed at much length the grounds of his objections to this part oftho bill , ' which he considered the really important part of it . Sir R . Peel said , the main question was whether the arrangement proposed would conduce to the good government of Ireland j to that result all par tial and local considerations should be subordinate .

      He wished he could seeas others did its' unequivocal advantages . On the whole ; however , he was content that tho experiment should he made , but with hesitation and doubt ; He was aware of the difficulties which men of high character and great acquirements encountered in administering the government of Ireland ; but all these difficulties were not to be attributed to the state of society in that country . ; When there was a local parliament ¦ in Ireland , the relations betwixt tbe Lord-Lieutenant and tho Chief Secretary were natural and constitutional ; but when the local ' legislature was abolished , they were materially altered , and the Chief Secretary acquired great power . Whatever goodeffects mi ght follow the removal of the Viceroyship

      lr , ^ 1 biin » he ' could not satisfy himself that , with respect to the local machinery and the administration of justice , the removal of the Lord-Lieutenant —a nobleman of high acquirements—animated with a sincere desire to ¦ govern Ireland independently of Pities , might hot have an injurious effect . ' From the difficulty inherent in the maintenance of the relatioiishetweerithe Lord-Lieutenant and the Chief Secretary , and from the objection ho had to'cohfernng upon the latter the dignity of a Cabinet officer , ho was inclined favourably to receive this proposal ; He admitted the increased facilities of communication , and that , if the experiment was to be made , there cOuld be no better time to make it . With regard , however , to the power eiven bv

      the bill to appoint a fourth Secretary of State , he trusted the government would well consider whether -, such- an . ' appointment was expedient , there being : but one Secretary of State for England , Scotland , and Wales . He preferred a single Secretary of State for'tho united kingdom to ' a separate : Secretary for Ireland , which would afford less chance Of unity of system than with a Lord-Lientenaht acting under the direct authority ofthe Secretary of State ; ¦ Suppose there were simultaneous'popular , commotions in England and Ireland . - ' which required that the military should aid the civil power , -rould it hot bo better that there should be one man to take a combined view of tho exigencies of tho whole empire than that two men

      should be separately pressing the Commander-in- ' Chief to afford them ' military aid ? Ho feared , too , tha'frth ' erewas some , risk of collision of authority between'the two co-equal Secretaries ; and in respect to legislation and criminal justice , their could be ho uniformity except under a single Secretary of State . There was no effort whichho ( Sir Robert ) would not make to relieve : the Home Secretary of part of his functions , an d'he' thought that , in the distribution ' of the functions of the new Lord Chancellor , it might be possible to transfer to him some ofthe-prescntduties of the Home Secretary . Ho advised Sir G . Grey to take ubon himself the Irish Secretaryship , in order that one mind might direct the'domestic affairs of both countries . In concluhe

      sion ^ confessed he ' did not see tho change proposed by this bill with complete freedom from anxiety ; and he asked , as a compensation for the risk hew as willing to incur , that as much unity and uniformity as possible should bo imported into the machinery of administration . Mr . E , B . Roche should offer the strongest opposition'irih'ispower to this bill , and he warned the house against making a change for the worse , at a time when Ireland was in a state of collapse . ¦ 'Mr . Nawru likewise' opposed the bill , th ' e professed object of . which was tomako a combined executive , system of government ; wherensit perpetuated a separate administration for Ireland , and transferred it to England .

      " Mr . Sadleir supported the bill , contending that the bulk of the Irish nation was favourable to tho abolition-of ah office which' was a most inefficient mode of governing Ireland , whilst it was antinational , insulting , and degrading to the Irish people , Mr , Moore criticised rather severely some of the speeches delivered on this and a preceding night ; their reasoning he treated as illogical , their historicalillustrations as trite or inaccurate , and he calledtdr more information before he- consented to pass this bill .-. Lord'NAAS said that , although the office of Lord-Lieutenant had been held by men of great virtues , he did'hot' think' this was any reason for retaining an office which had nil the features of that of a colonial-governor without any of his veal power . But

      while he voted for the abolition Of that office , ns a bad mode of " government , he ¦ did not approve the mode which ' was proposed to bo substituted . " Sir G . Grey said , there were' two question ? , entirely distinct ,- ' and which should be kept so — first , whether the office-of Lord-Lieutenant sliould . be abolished ;' secondly , in what manner its duties should be performed if Parliament consented to its abolition . Ho agreed that the ruling consideration should be how the good government of Ireland , conic" bo best promoted , and this object he thought would be ' most- likely to be attained by bringing Ireland as much as possible within the range of Imperial administration . Ho repeated , in reply to Mr . Napier , the arguments urged by Lord J . Russell in favour of a Secretary of State for Ireland , present in tho Cabinet , and able to watch over there and in Parliament the interests of that

      country . He concurred with Sir R . Peel that there should be unity of action in all parts of the empire , one mind pervading every department of the government . But tho real question was , whether , looking at the number and importance of tho measures relating to Ireland daily brought before Parliament ; ' and considering the pressure of business in every branch of the government , such an immense additional mass of labour could be undcrtaken'by the Home Secretary . At the same time he though' it would be extremel y desirable , and mi g ht bo practicable after a time , ' that an arrangcmentshould be made by which tho duties of these offices might be amalgamated , and discharged by one man . Sir R . Peel , however , had overrated the difficulties which might' arise from the division of the secretaryships , though he ( Sir George ) admitted the importance of concentrating as much as possible , and of imparting unity of action to , the system ofadministration . ' ¦ ' . .

      • Mr . M'CuLLAon considered this to ho really a question of transferring the whole government of Ireland from Ireland to England , ant he asked the House ' whether the present exigency or the immediate future of Ireland was propitious to this great and perilous measure ? Ho denied that Ireland could bo justly governed if its legislative and executive administration were concentrated in England ; and he laboured to prove from even recent legislation that a distinction was" maintained between tbe law of Ireland and that of -England , Mr , SnisiL rose to establish two propositionsfirst , that the office of Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland was useless ; secondly , that it ought not to bo merged in tho-llome-offico . Before the date of Catholic Emancipation , the Lord-Lieutenant was a point of social and political centralisation , drawinc

      about him a . small but powerful class ; that act stripped ,-him , of bis vpwer , and ho became virtually the subordinate of his secretary . It wasincxpedicnt to . merge the office in that of the Home Secretary , because . in , its pvesent transition state It-eland required thp undivided and uhdistvaoted attention of one man ] " He would not say that the time might ' notcomo . whoh , the amalgamation of the offices sliould take place . When . English institutions ' wero . attached to Ireland instead of Ireland to English institutions ; when parliament got leave ofthe English people to do what every man acquainted with Ireland knew would promote her peace and security ; then , and not till then , the government of that . country should be merged in the Ilomebffiee / '" iri the inten-al , let not an addition ho made to the buvdan of toil and solicitude meidcnlnl- to the-domestic administration of these islands .

      Mr . Dishaeli observed that Mr . Shell s arguments were in favour of retaining : thc office which ho proposed to abolish . He said that Dublin Castle was now purified , that Ireland was in a most peculiar situation ,- and he was about to' vote for destroying the local government so purified . Having perused this bill and heard , the . arguments in its favour ho ( Mr . Disraeli ) had a strong conviction that this was . an unwise measure ,, not well considered or matured . The appointment of a fourth Secretary of State was as much a princi ple of the bill as the abolition of the Lord-Lieutenant ; but admitting tho latter to be its principle , no man . was justified in voting for the abolition of an office which had existed for centuries unless ho was prepared to

      vote for tho substitute . When ¦ Mr . Pitt proposed the Union he said his object was to p laco under one public will the direction of the whole force of tho empire , This schen . e of the government was no- more calculated to realise tho plan of Mv . Pitt than thepvesent . form of , administration ^ If the Secretary was to remle in Ireland , ho would he its governors ; and if not * he must depend upon subordinates , andcould not be free from local influence . Until ho saw , a « iser . substitute proposed ho would not support the measure : and believing tne bill to berepugnant to the interests of the people of Ireland ; ho should oppose it . .. • i . • 'Sir- 'B * Inolis asked , if this office . was , such a nuisance , why had it not been abolished before ?

      ;; Monday , Junk 17.^ ; House Of Lords. ...

      Having heard nothing in 1850 which should induce him to'alter tho vote he should have giveii'in 1844 , ho whs not ^ prepared to support the protection of the government . '¦ '" Mr . Reynolds opposed the bill , and implored the house to reject it , and to spare this infliction upon a countryalready so severely afflicted . . The house began to exhibit , symptoms of impatience , amidst which Colonel Thomnsori spoke in support of the bill , and Mr . Butler against it . Upon a division , the second reading was carried by 295 against 70 . The other business having been disposed of , the house adjourned at a quarter to 1 o ' clock . ; TUESDAY , June 18 .

      _ HOUSE OF LORDS . — Ekcumbered Esjatks — The Marquis of . Wbstmeath , on the motion for the third reading of the Encumbered Estates Amendment ( Ireland ) Bill , moved the addition of a clause by which a minimum of fifteen years' ^ purchase upon the profit rental of estates was fixed for all legal sales bythe commissioners appointed under the act-.. The noble earl supported his proposition by recapitulating many ofthe statements advanced on a previous-evening , and contended that to allow estates to bo forcibly sold at the rates which in some recent instances bad been suffered , was equivalent to confiscation of the properties . The Earl of Carlisle considered thatthe clause

      would be an injury and incumbrance upon tho measure , and felt assured that it would be disallowed by the Lower house when the Bill got there . He showed : that it would fetter the commissioners in sales , at the same time that in practice it would be impossible to work it fairly . With estates where the rents were realised fifteen years' purchase was too little , while in other cases where they were nominal it would be too much . ' The Earl of Wicklow also opposed the- clause , and remarked upon the loss of dignity which their lordships were incurring by adding provisions to the Bill which they were certain the House of Commons would retrench . .

      Lord Stanley observed that the question was whether the Encumbered Estates : Commissioners should have a'legislativo limit to their discretion over the land sales , f rom their foregone proceedings bo contended thatthcy had not deserved to bo left without control . Earl FmwiLLiAM disapproved of tho clauses ' , and after an explanation from Earl Carlisle , and some remarks from Lord Glengall , and Lordi Stradbrokb , their lordships divided upon Lord Westmeath ' smotion . '• • -,

      Contents ,. ; ... ... ... 32 Non-Contentsv ... ... ... 30 Majority against the government —2 The Marquis of Westmeath then moved ; the addition of another clause for protecting from arrest the proprietors of encumbered estates during the progress of the legal formalities , anticipatory of the sale s . ... The Earl of Carlisle declined to divide upon the motion , although he disapproved of the clause . The addition being made , : the bill was read a third time and passed . ' ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ < On the motion of Lord Lucas , the fsDistress for Rent ( Ireland ) Bill was read a third time and passed . ¦ . ¦ . ; :- : in ' ¦;> The Landlord and Tenant Bill , . and the Small Tenement Recovery Bill were respectively , read a second time .

      . Strahoeks in the Lords . —The Marquisfif Lansdowne itave notice for Friday next of amotion to appoint a ' committeo- to inquire into theiarrangements made for the accommodation , of' strangers in their lordships' house . The noble marquis referred to the occurrence Of tho previous evening ; when the Chevalier Bunsen was summarily extruded from the gallery , and stated that the object of "his proposed committee was to define tho places that should be appropriated to the foreign ambassadors and their families . Their lordships then adjourned , at seven o clock , until Friday . HOUSE OF COMMONS . — Growth op Cotton

      iff India . —Mr . Bright moved an address to tho Crown to appoint a commission to proceed to India to inquire into the obstacles which prevent . 'mincreabed growth of cotton in that country , ' and toreport upon any circumstances that may ^ irijui-iously affect the condition of tho native cultivators ofthe soil in the presidencies of Bombay and Madrn * . He began by showing the importance of tbe object , to insure an adequate supply of tho raw material for the cotton manufactures of this country , which employed 2 , 000 , 000 of our population , and an aioount of capital much greater than was embarked in any other manufacturing trade in the united kingdom , and which produced tho largest proportion of cur exports . The amount of raw cotton imported in

      1800 was 56 , 000 , 0001 b ., in 1849 it had inci-eastd to 764 , 000 , 0001 b . ' Our supply was 'from the following sources , and in tho following proportions : —The United States , 78 * per cent . ; tho British possessions in India , 10 $ per cent . ; Egypt , 3 J per cent . ; aud the British West Indics , : 4 iper cent-. ' ¦ > Tho crop in the United States was liable to great fluctuations , causing much loss to operatives as well as manufacturers , while the . consumption of-cotton onthe continent of Europe and in America was rapidly increasing , apparently beyond the power of production ; and an advance of Id . per ib .- on raw cotton would amount to' £ 3 , 000 , 000 sterling ; ' Such =-. n increase of the eost of the raw material tended U < limit consumption , and involve" the trade in

      embarrassment . Another consideration was , thatthe American cotton was the product of slave ' labour , und if from any cause shivery should be abolished- in the United . States , the cultivation of ; cotton-won-d be greatly interfered with . In ^ hese- circumstances , there being no present prospect of an ridequati ; supply from our African , Australian , ' or West Indian colonies , it was natural to turn ^ to British India , and there wore valid reasons for so doiti < r , India had always grown cotton , and at this tiino the quantity raised- there was not far short of the whole produce of the United States . The soil was adapted and the people habituated to its cultivation . From 1788 to the present _ time tho East India ; Con pany had bestowed their attention upon Indian cotton ,

      sending out cleaning machines , gins , and ^ American planters ; they bail established experimental forms , and had expended in their endeavours to promote the growth . of cotton not less' that £ 100 , 000 . The select committee of 1848 had expressed its belief that the soil , and climate , and '¦ population of India justified the expectation that this " country might receive'thene ' e . large supplies of cotton ; yet up to this moment there had been no results . Sin considering the causes ' of this disappointment ,-he 1 < oked to the condition of the people . ' of India , which was ono of extreme , alject , and almost ^ Universal poverty . Mr . Bright read the testimony -of Rammohun Roy , and various writers , including one of the American planters sent out by the East India

      Company , to-the depressed condition of the peasantry of India , the rain of the landed aristocracy , and the exactions on account of tho government revenue . " The poverty of the people , ?' Mr . Shore said , " was almost beyond belief . " The repcrtof tho select committee of 1848 stated that the cultivators in the cotton districts in the--west-aud south of India were in the most abject condition , dependent upon moneylenders , who extorted forty or fifty por cent ., and regulated prices ; at their will . ' lie found thatthe tuccavy advances made by tlie government of India , to enable the ryots to carry on cultivation amounted to ' no less than . £ 500 , 000 a year . Mr . Bright then proceeded to show from various authorities , the defects in the

      internal communications in India , and the deficiency of artificial irrigation , which alone , he thought , justified the interference of-Parliament . 13 ut there was another subject upon which a difference of-opinion-prevailed , namely , the land assessment , and the mode in' which it was levied . Some maintained that , tho government being the landlord , this assessment was rent ; 'but ho contended , that the government- having the power of arbitrarily fixing its amount and-of enforcing its collection' to the ruin of the cultivator , it -was widely distinguished from what we called vent . After anticipating and answering the objections

      which might bo offered to his motion , -Mr . Bright suggested that there was a precedent for it in 1822 , when a Royal Commission was appointed to inquire into the condition of the Cape of Good Hope , the Mauritius , and Ceylon , the commissioners being instructed to inquire into the tenures of land , the system of cultivation , & e . In conclusion , he drew the attention of the house to the enormous revenues at tho disposal of tho East India' Company , who in fourteen yearsfrom 1834 to 1847 — had collected-a revenue of £ 316 , 000 , 000 sterlin g , or ( deducting interest for debt ) £ 20 , 000 , 000 a year ; whilst the net revenue of Great Britain , exclusive of debt , was hut

      £ 25 , 000 , 000 . Sir J . Hodiiouse assured Mr .. Bright that he was sensible of tho importance of this subject and of its bearings , and if he thought the platf proposed bv him would answer , his . object ,. he .:: would say , "Take vour Royal Commission and make the best use you can " of ^ - ^ ^ m ° . tion involved not only tho question of tho best mode of securing a large and constant supply of cotton from India , but the economical and industrial condition of tho native population . He did not think in either respect any case had been made out . The imports of cotton had been steadily , increasing for

      tho last ten years , and IndLin cotton , was no exception . .. Mr . Bright had confessed thaipo neglect was imputable to the East India . Company in this matter , and it appoavod from a summary prepared by Dr . Royle , that from 17 S 8 the company had never ceased their efforts ' -to improve , the cultivation of cotton in their territories ., The select committee of 1848 , which bad been named by Mr . Bright , and of which he was chairman , had examined every available authority , and their report did not .. recommend a Royar . Cbmiuission ; it attested tho costly , efforts of thp East India Pompany , and acknowledged that whilst the cotton of Guwrat had not been permanently improved in . quality that

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 22, 1850, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_22061850/page/7/