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Northern Star (1837-1852), 23rd August 1851, Edition 2 of 2, Page 3, Tibet, Tartary, andMongolm' , iMr Social...

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      August 23, 1851. ^____ Thenort-Hern Star...

      August 23 , 1851 . ^____ THENORT-HERN STAR . -

      Xpui Iii'

      xpui iii '

      The Cloud. {Imitated From The German.) O...

      THE CLOUD . { Imitated from the German . ) One sultrv morn , out of the sea wave wild a sueck-llke Cloud arose , and like a chxld vlavfolW elided up the broad blue sky , And o er tbe sun-parched bills all brown and dry . On ward she g lided , through the azare air Some by the breeze without or toil or care , Till looking down in her ethereal joy , She n > arked % &&' * labourers at their hard " And oh r ' she said " that I could something do To ea * e tbe bu rthens of yon toilsome crew , To give the hungry food , the thirsty drink-The tbousht of good is very sweet to think .

      The day advanced—and tbe Cloud greater - grew , And greater still ; and her desire to show come kindness unto Mankind , greatened too .

      The beat waxed fiercer , until all the land Jlurned in tbe Sun ' s rays like a mighty brand . HI could Earth's labourers their toil endure , Though still they toiled—for they were very poor . And many a look , from time to time , they sped Tow ' rds that fair cloud ; beseeching looks , that said : •« " We famish for thy uounty ! for the sake Of pity , iii a showery blessing break I " "I F £ Et , and I wilt , help you , " said-the Cloud .

      And tow ' rds the Earth berbounteQUS QeUlgUQTred . Bat then recalling a tradition she Had , when a child , learned from her native sea ; That when a cloud adventures from tbe ikies Too near the altars of the lulls—she dies 1 Awhile she wavered , and was blown about Hither and thither , by the winds of doubt . But in the midst of lleavcn at length all still She stood , and said within herself— " I will ! Tea , in the glad strength of devotion , I "Win . help yon , though in helping you—I die 2 "

      Filled—permeated with this thought , the Cloud Kept greatening still , as earthward still she bowed . Ob , never crewhile had she dreamt her State So great mig ht be—beneficently great ! O ' er the parched fields , in her angelic love She spread her wings even like a brooding dove ; Till , as her purpose deepened into storm , 80 awfully majestic grew her form , 1 That men and beasts all trembled at the view , And the trees bent before her , though they knew That near , in her , their destined benefactrew drew .

      " Yes , I willhelpyou , " said the Cloud again : " Receive me—I will die for you—iu rain !" Suddenly flashed then through her fall-grown form The glory of her will—the firstling of the storm I The thunder lolloped , a terrific sound load doubling and reverberating round . Strong was her will , but stronger still the power Of love that now dissolved her in a shower , Dropping in blessings , to impregne the Earth With Health and Plenty at one blooming birth . She bled in rain—bled even as Martyrs bleed ; Bled unto death , and glorious was the deed !

      Far as the rain extended o ' er the land , A splendid bow the freshened project spanned , As the last greeting of that pure and dovelike spirit of self-sacrificing Love . The ltainbow vanished , but tbe blessing craved , Long rested on the land the Cloud had saved . ( Karpur ' s Wild Sees of Australia . From the People's Advocate . Sydney . )

      Mtmms

      Mtmms

      Tibet, Tartary, Andmongolm' , Imr Social...

      Tibet , Tartary , andMongolm' , iMr Social and Political Condition , and the religion ofBoodk as there existing . By Henby T . Prixcep , Esq . London : Allen and Go . Ix the year 18 H , Messieurs Hue and Gabct , two members of a French Jesuit mission which has long been settled in tbe part ol Mongolia immediately north of Pekin , set out on an exploring expedition westward along tho course of tbe great Chinese wall into Tibet ; resolved , if possible , to penetrate to Lassa , the capital of that country , —and to ascertain by personal observation something respecting the social and religious condition of a part of the word hitherto all but totally

      unknown to Europeans . After a journey of eighteen months , daring which they suffered the most frightful hardships from fatigue ' scantiness of food , and the incredible cold prevailing on the high table-lands which they lad to cross , they reached Lassa on the 29 th of January , l & ifi . Here ttvey intended to reside awhile , to study the language and customs of the Tibetans , and , above all to make themselves acquainted with the religion of Uoodh as believed and practised at its central seat , the residence of tbe Delai-Larna , the supreme pontiff of the whole Boodhist world . Their intention , however , was frustrated by Ki-Shen , the Chinese Commissioner residing at the Court of Lassa : —tho same Chinese councillor of state who had conducted the

      negotiations with the British Admiral and Captain Elliot at the commencement of the war with China iu 1840 , —and who , after narrowly escaping decapitation for having consented in those negotiations to cede Hong Ivong to tbe British , had been restored to imperial favour , and sent on a difficult emergency to look after the imperial interests in Tibet . The Delai-Lama being bat a boy of nine years old , —and excluded at all events by the roles of his pontificate from direct concern in ciril matters , —the ostensible government in lassa was in the hands of a native regent : —

      the real power , however , was exercised by K . i-Slieii , as the extraordinary representative of the Chinese Emperior . Acting in the true spirit of Chinese policy , the Commissioner had i & sooner seen the missionaries , and ascertained their purpose of teaching Christianity -a Tibet , than—against the wishes of tbe Tibetan regent , who was greatly disposed to favour them—he insisted that they should depart . The missionaries remonstrated ; but though courteousKi-Shen was inexorable : — nor would he listen to their earnest request that they should be allowed at least to return through India . Providing them with an escort , ho sent them back direct through Tibet

      and China by a route somewhat different from that by which they had come : —showing his conSdence in them , however , by secretly entrusting them with two chests of treasure , bis own property , "which he begged them to deliver , as addressed , at Ching-ton Pon , a city of China through which they had to pass . Accordingly , the missionaries , after a march of throe months , during which they travelled 1 , 003 miles , found themselves fairl y within China Proper—where a tedious trial awaited them before the Chinese tribunals . Disused at length , they reached Mongolia in sifcty , after having performed with rare course and fortitude one of the most

      remarka journeys ever undertaken . A narrative « ' the journey , in two volumes , has just been Jiblished by M . Hue , and has attracted great attention in France . The larger portion of Mr . Prinsep ' g volume Consists of an abstract of M . Hue ' s narrative , * hd the real interest of the volume begins ^ ith the arrival of the missionaries at Lassa . * ofi following is an abridged description of that singular city of central Asia : —

      The houses oi lassa are described as large , and Re fresh whitewashed and painted every year , so ^ io present a gay ap pearacoe , but within they ffe filthy in the extreme , cleanliness being no cha-^ ttcrisrie of a Tibetan or Tartar . The mission-*« fcs found a lodging at Lassa , in a house of enterg ^ nient , where there were fifcy other ledgers , and ' M an upper room , to which they were compelled omoDnt by a ladder oftwentv-six steps . It had for J » ini , e _ y a hole in tbe roof—net a comfortable subw ?' w t * depth of winter : but even this was

      jj , [ fraUe to retaining the smoke of the argol fuel w » rcom they inhabited , which those below ia ; compelled to submit to . The city of Lassa Til " Wa "> uut surrounded by garden suburbs . toon * \ Ttns are oroad ' wel 1 laid eut » andc ! eaD ? W l " *" suburbs are filthy in the extreme . are & - * ° ° . uarter ' bowever , the houses of which i 3 Dt e y CJ"ibed as mozi picturesque , the walls being Viti , inV - k ° ° * eatlle " steep , intermixed laorr ^!! 1 Uy ° f designs , and cemented together with ia between . % i . he account of the reception of the mis-GlS by the Tioetan regent and hy the ae pleni potentiary Ki-Shea is interest-

      Tibet, Tartary, Andmongolm' , Imr Social...

      ing ; and conveys in particular a high impression of the firmness and ability of the Chinese official . The missionaries reported themselves to thO authorities at Lassa , as Lamas of the West come to inquire after , and to preach the truth . They were immediately visited by an inquisitive Chinese who came to inquire what they hid to sell . " Nothing , " they Said , " but their old saddles . "—" Exactly what i want , " said lie ; and in bargaining , asked multitudinous questions calculated to elicit all particulars regarding the strange visitors to the holy city . Four similar visits of inquiry for merchandise did the missionaries receive on the same day . It was evident that thete Tfere aH 8 Pie 8 - At the

      dinner hour they were summoned to the presence of tho Kalon , regent , along with their servant , Sambda-Chamba . On arriving at the palace , this functionary surveyed them curiously for some time without saying a word , whereupon they said to one another in French ; " lie seems of good disposition , we shall fare well . " Though said in a whisper , they were immediately called upon to repeat what tbey had said ; which they did aloud in French . An appeal was then made to all present , to know if any one understood the language . The answer being in the negative , they were called upon themselves to translate , which they did faithfully into Tibetan , The regent was pleased with the compliment , and made a long speech . t 0 OXpluin

      how it was his duty to he well disposed . . He then asked whence they came ; they said "From the "West . "— " From Calcutta ? " he asked ; they replied , "Xo ; from France . "—" You are assuredly Peiinjrs ? " ( English ) said the regent . — " Ifo ; we are Prencb . "— " Caa you write 1 " said he . — They said " Yes "; whereupon ink and paper were provided , and they were told to write something in their own language . They wrote , " Que sen a Vhomme de conquerir le monde entkr , s'U vienta pardre son time V They were made to write the translation of this in Tibetan , Mongolian and Chinese , which they did , exciting the admiration of the court at their learning and

      profound doctrine . In the midst of this Kishen came to the palace , and the examination was renewed before him in a different spirit . They saluted him in French form , without falling on their knes , merely taking off their caps and bowing low . *« 'Tis well" hesaid , " you follow the customs of your country ; they tell me you speak correctly the language of Pekin . Let us converse in that . " The missionaries said their language would be found faulty by such a judge , but his intelligence would penetrate the meaning . "Pure Pekin !" he exclaimed , * ' you French must have great facil-Iity in the acquisition of languages . "— " Yes , wc are French . "— " I knew some Frenchmen in old

      days iaPektn , he said . —" You might also have seen some at Canton , " they replied ; but thQ recollection was not agreehle to their questioner , aud he frowned . — " You are Christians , " he said . — " Yes . " " I knew it ! and you are here to propagate and spread your religious opinions . " — "It is our only object . " Jvi-shen was quite familiar with every article used in the ritual of the Catholic church , having been governor of the Picheli province when the Christians were persecuted and expelled . These , tberefore , created in hiinnosuspicion , and the examination ended in a decision that tbe missionaries were plain men , without deceit , and should be left at liberty . Ki-shen , in subsequent interviews , showed a lively desire to know about Great Britain ; —and the following , while curiousl y illustrating his Chinese ideas of things , argues a spirit by no means ungenerous . —

      lie asked after Lord Palraerston and Captain Elliot , and was not surprised to hear that the latter had been recalled at the same time that ho was himsdlf disgraced . "He was a good man , but irresolute , " said Ki-shen ; " was he put to death , or exiled ?"— " Neither one nor the other ; these things are not managed so summarily in Europe . " — " I know , " said he , " your maudaviauS tare better than we do . Our emperor cannot know everything ; yet it is he only who judges , and none dare speak in his presence . If he says ' This is white , ' we say , Truly 50 , it is white ; ' if he soon after points to the same thing , and says it is black , wo fall on our faces and say , ' Yes , it is black . ' But if one more bold , ventures to suggest that the same thing cannot well be both black and white , the em peror will say , « That is true ; ' but the offerer of such a suggestion will probably lose his head . Ah ! we have no assembly of chiefs , as you have , to control the actions of our emperor . ' "

      \ vhenthe missionaries called on Ki-shen , by his orders , to take leave of him before their compulsory departure , the following characteristic incident occurred . — Ki-shen read the report he had prepared of their case . lie said he wished to report fairly as well aa correctly , and , therefore , had sent for thgm to hear what he had written , in order that anything erroneous might be corrected . M . Hue , after hearing the draft read , said he had one thing to represent , but must do it in secret , as it was of more importance to Ki-shen than to themselves , lie at first insisted on what M . line bad to sav

      being publicly stated . But on his still refusing , Ki-sheu cleared the room , when M . Hue told him he had entered China by Macao , in the second month of the twentieth year of the rei gn Of the Emperor Tao-Kwaog , when Ki-shen was himself viceroy at Canton , and it would be for him to say whether this circumstance should be reported or no . " Does anyone know this ? " said the liin-chai , — " 2 fobody . " He then tore up the report and wrote another , with his own hand , saying nothing of the time of the missionaries entering into China , and praising highly their learning and general character .

      The latter portion of the volume is occupied with a very excellent , though brief account of Boodhism , —the result partl y of the information supplied by M . Hue . Boodhism is tho most widely difiused relig ion in the world ;—embracing among its votaries the Cingalese , the Siamese , the Burmese , and other inhabitants of the Eastern Peninsula , a large part of the vast population of China , and all the Mongolian nations of Central and Northern Asia . Tibet , however , is its great seat , —and the special country of the Lamas , or professional priests of Boodb , who form a large proportion of its entire population . Hither

      all who mean to be priests of Boodb , flock to study in the colleges or monasteries , with which the country abounds ; and here are the most eminent chiefs of the Boodhist hierarchy , —and , above all , the Delai-Lama , a Pope of Boodhism , in whom , for the time , the spirit of Boodh is supposed to be incarnate and , at whose death a successor has to be chosen by lot out of three candidates previously selected by certain marks , from among the ' infants of all the families of the country , rich as well as poor . Mr . Prinsep ' s general account of Lamaism and the Lamas in Tibet , TiU'tary , and Mongolia , is as follows . —

      Lamas are of three kinds—the religious , who devote themselves to study and abstraction , and become teachers , and eventually saints ; the domestic , who live in families , or attach themselves to tribes and localities ; aud the itinerant , who are always moving from convent to convent , and travelling for travel ' s sake , often without aim , not knowing at all where they are going . There is no country that some of these have not visited , and when they hare a religious or partisan feeling they must be the best spies in the world . In the monasteries or Mongolia there is a strict religious discipline , but each Lama has generally his cows and sheep , as well as a horse . Almost every establishment is nobiy endowed , and the funds are

      distributed on fixed days in the year in proportions , regulated by the rank attained by each member . But each Lama is free to seek other emoluments , such as by practising as a physician or by performing domestic religious services , or by casting horoscopes , or in any similar manner , not inconsistent with the profession of a Lanvi . Some attain wealth , which , having no families , they generally spend prodigally . The number of Lamas iu Tartary is extreme ; almost all the younger-sons are devoted from infancy to this destiny ; the eldest only being brought up as laymen , to tend the Hocks , and keep up the family , " The younger brothers have no choice , but have their heads shaven from childhood . It is said to be the policv

      Of the COUlt Ot Pekin to encourage this multiplication of the Lamas among the Tartars , in the idea that it checks the increase of population . The shaven are , however , the most intelli gent and influential , if not the most numerous body of these sons of the desert , and the Chinese pay court to them assiduously in consequence . In China Proper the corresponding class of llonzes is quite neglected bv the government , and has sunk into the most abject poverty . The reason isobvious . A regenerated Boodh of Tibet or Tartary can at any time call round him thousands of devoted Lama

      followers , ready to sacrifice their lives at his bidding ; and these no less than the lay Tartars , whom they lead by their religious influence , have a high milltarv spirit , and the recollection of the past glories of their race in the days of Jungeez and of Tvmoor , to excite them to great enterprises . It is hence the study of the Chiiic-se , and a recognised part of their policv , to associate this influence with the state , just as the Church in Europe is made hy most governments an engine of order and of civil government . To eficct this , tho govern , ment of Pekin contributes largely to all the monastic institutions of Mongolia , Tibet and

      Tibet, Tartary, Andmongolm' , Imr Social...

      Tartary , and supports the hierarchy and even the theocracies established by aspiring priests in various parts , as at Lassa , and at the grand Kooren of oorg » , using these institutions to control the nobility as well as to lead the mob . But there is at each seat of theocratic government a skilful Chinese diplomatist , who advises , and even controls , the deified Lama ; and who , upon occasions for political action of any kind , is the prompter and director of all afiah ' s , holding tlie strings and wires that move the puppet , while they treat him -ith all outward respect and reverenco"We have already made our readers aware of the extraordinary similitude that exists between the doctrines and practices of the Boodliists and many of those of Christianity in its Eoman Catholic form . To account for

      this similarity , it has been common to suppose a very general diffusion of Christianity over Eastern Asia during the early centuries of our era , Mr . Prinsep , however , argues against this supposition , —and maintains that Boodhism , in very nearly its present state , has existed independently from aperiod long anterior to the birth of Christ : — -that it is , In short , the actual system of theology and worship originated by the Indian sageBooiihaSakhya-Muui , the date of whoso death a variety of proofs fixes at B . C . 543 . If this be true Boodhism assumes quite a new importance in connexion with the lUStOl'y Of tho human mind .

      The alleged resemblances between Boodhism and Christianity is carefully brought together in Mr , Prinsep ' s pages . As a specimen of this part of tho volume , we can , however , cite only the following philosophical summary of Boodhism , as given by a native Boodhist thinker : — Tsong-Kaba ( Tson-Kha-pa ) the saint-reformer of the fourteenth and fifteenth century of our era , according to the same authority , thus defines the duty to Boodbists , classing mankind in three degrees according to their intellectual capacity . Men of tho lOAVPSt order of mind must believe that there

      is a God , and that there is a future life , in which they will receive tho reward or punishment of their actions and conduct in this life . Men of the middle degree of intellectual capacity must add to tho above , the knowledge that all things in this world are perishable ; that imperfection is a pain and degredation , and that deliverance from existence is a deliverance from pain , and , consequently , a final beautitude . Men of the third , or- highest order , must believe in future addition - . that nothing exists , or will continue always , or cease absolutely , except through dependence on a causal connexion or concatenation .

      Altogether , we can recommend Mr . Prinsep ' s volume as a good sketch of whatever is yet known of Tibet , —and a plain but valuable introduction to the study of that curious subject , Boodhism , — -on which , probably , much yet remains to be written .

      A Defence Of Ignorance. By The Author Of...

      A Defence of Ignorance . By the Author of ' How to make Home Unhealthy . ' London : Chapman and Hall . Tins book is constructed , like the author ' s previous essay on the principle of irony . A select Committee of gentlemen with fictitious names , who have appointed themselves to inquire into the state of education in this country and into the measures to be taken for the defence of ignorance , first dine together , and then converse all the evening on the topics in which they are interested ; - —and the book is

      the report of their evening ' s conversation First , there is the opening address of the chairman on the necessity of taking steps for the suppression of the education movement ; then , there is a special consideration of the prospects of ignorance among the middle classes ; after that , the Committee pass to the subject of ignorance among the poor ; next , there is an interesting discussion of the topic of ignorance at the Universities ; and finally , just before the company join the ladies in tho drawing room , there is an exchange of opinions on the condition of ladies' schools .

      Every page contains ingenious turns of wit and humour . Here is an account of the state of education among the Chinese : — These ridiculous Chinese ^ are educationists . Ridiculous , I call them ; insignificant . Tell me that without China , Europe would not have been ; that if the Chinese had not flung aside the Huns , the Huns would not have knocked against the Goths , the Goths would not have knocked down Rome , and so on ; I say , Pooh ! My wife ' s silk dress she would have bought at an alarming failure without Chinese intervention . As for tea , wc WCVC much hotter men when we had beer for breakfast . I laugh the Chinese to scorn , and I will not believe that

      they invented Punch . Punt-se , the son of an Inch , may beat his Chinese Judy . 1 believe that some Chinaman must have been in England about the time of the Saxon heptarchy , and have seen Punch performed . Or how do we know that the Phoenicians when importing tin from our shores did not import from the same place into Asia Punch's shows . Jfay more , are we certain that a fossil Punch will not be discovered iu tho Stonesfield slate , or in the London clay ? At any rate the Chinese are ridiculous , and I will let you see down to the bed of their transparent folly . They are mighty educators . To every joss house they attach a school . So far , it is well that their schools arc connected with their churches . But the absurdity

      of the Chinese takes all pleasure and excitement out . of this arrangement , because tbey have not seiue enough to make their joss houses like Christian churches , tents of warriors at bitter odds with one another . These Chinese day schools are supported by tbe government , and by parents , according to their ability . There is one master to twenty or thirty boys , and there he sits , with spectacles not much smaller than saucers on his nose , a pipe in his mouth , a teapot at his fingers' ends , and a great noise in his ears . For nearly all the boys are learning their lessons aloud , each at his own little table ; a mischievous young rascal is fingering his master's tail to tlio infinite disturbance of a dunce who is endeavouring to shriek his

      lesson down the master ' s ear . Boards are for slates , and brushes dipped in Indian ink are for slate pencil . Writing is practised by aid of transparent paper , and a big cane lashes the master ' s table now and then , making tho saucers jump and little Chinese hearts jump with them . But the Chinese do worse than this . They have in each province a chancellor of learning , class all people in the . 'r educational degrees , and reserve posts of trust and honour and emolument , for whom ? The well-born man ? No , for the raw student ! In a great hall of education , surrounded by groves and gardens , sit dominies at certain periods in each large town , to inquire into the proficiency of candidates for the first degree of Seiv Tsae or ' *

      flowering talent . " Jfot to have entered this class is to want respectability in Chinese eyes . They who have been admitted are exempt from being whipped , except by order of the emperor or of his representatives . They who have thus redeemed their skins may ata future time present theuiselvesforasevererscrutiny at a solemn triennial examination . They who in this have satisfied the strict examiners , become Jieiu Jin , '* ' promoted men , " and are entitled to wear boots ' . A hiuber degree is offered every three years to those booted men who seek to win spurs at Pekin . Poverty excludes none fro . n coming to present themselves . The emperor pays the expenses of poor victims . They who pass this third examination become " introduced scholars , "

      Tsin Se ; and the three best at each examination are rewarded by the Brother of the Sun in Lis own person . For these there is finally reserved a short rope , if they seek a higher elevation . They who pass the examination of Han Lin , '' ascended to the top of the tree , " are all the servants of the emperor , and are in due time chosen to the highest offices of state . Education is the road to fame , and these are its four stages . The company exult very much over the following piece of statistical information : — There arc in England and Wales Eig ht Millions of us un .-ible to read and write . Of all the blushinBriti .-b Brides who come to sign the marriage

      g register one half find it impossible to write down their own names . That pretty woman , Anne Jones , is no more able than a cat to put her Tom s nana , upon paper . Tom Jones is to her a signature as difficult as any , as difficult as that o . f the Cingalese gentleman named in a recent work upon Ceylon , Don Davw Jazetilekc Abevcsiriwardine Illangakoim Aiaha Ale 0 lliar . ( Great ' app lause . )—Umji a . 1 «• perism costs US £ 7 . 000 , 000 a year . The national grant for education is about one and three-quarters per cent , of that amount . If any debt be due to knowledge , England allows it to stand over , while she pays mere driblets of her interest . ^ Twenty years ago , in proportion to the population , there « - ere fewer blind children than there are now .

      Blind in their minds I mean , through total absence of instruction . —Glaux . Twenty years ago ! Ah dear ; it makes us scratch our grey heads when we hear our o « n time dealt with so in masses . Twenty years rolled into a pill and dropped so carelessly reminds us in an aggravating manner of the speed with which the libation of a lifetime rushe out ot

      A Defence Of Ignorance. By The Author Of...

      Mi JSir erapfy cups > thrown ewlh After a historical sketch of the education movement during the last twenty years , in which Pestalozzi , Lancaster , Bell , Obarlin , Lord Brougham , Dr . Kay Shuttleworth , Mr . Fox , and others come in for their SuuTO of the company s ahnso , —there follows , in connexion with the great current question of secular or religious educ ation for the people , this little piece of comment : —

      Salmon without s . iUCe » Salmon , snys A , must be oaten with cayenne and vinegar ; says B , no , 1 want p am butter j 8 ayS C , I will not have it without orthodox fish-sauco ; there is one kind of fishsauce only , and you know what that is ; D has an % t ^ Z < w titf \ . salmon and garlic , while E ones for flming brimstone on his fish . Then a wretch comes insulting A , B , C , D , E , monstrously ! i ° «« ^ . an 1 "ligious liberty , with plates of the mere insipid salmon , saying , All sauces are upon ™ t * "•» i" £ ? ntIetr , en . and lot each help himself . What if I like my sauce without the fish , why is fish thrust upon me !

      As tho means of exhibiting the general amount of infbrajtffon pOBM 8 B 6 dby the middle classes , the author , through one of his dramatis persona , imagines Brown , a gentleman of the City who has had a ' good classical and commercial edu cation ill his yOUtll , ' placed in a mesmeric rapport with a clairwyante , Miss Fathomall ; who , by placing her hand on his bald head , is enabled to translate to the company all that passes there : — Brown in the mean time , being enjoined diligently to think over all he knows . Here is the stock of Brown ' s information , as thus ascertained .

      Greek , there ' s a dual number , and a tense called aorist , and one verb in the grammer is rvirrw there ' s iEschylus , and there ' s Herodotus , and there's a , wav called Peloponnesian and Xerxes . Latin , I know some , —letme see— "bis datquicito dat , "' " ingenuas didicisse , " & c ., and there's " post hoc non propter hoc , " and there ' s " sic vos non vobis , " which goes on melliki—something , but it is not usual to quoto the rest , so it don't mutter my not knowing it . I know a whole line by-thc-bj'O , " O fortunati minimum sua si bona norint . " Come , that would fetch something in the House of Commons" . I think it ' s from Ovid . There ' s the Augustan age . and Coriolanus . Brutus goes with liberty and Tarquin ' s ravishing strides , —a verb

      agrees with its nominative case . English history , there ' s Arthur—round table—Alfred burnt oatcakes—Henry VIII . had a number of wives , was the son of Queen Elizabeth , who wore a stiff frill and didn't marry , George III . had two prime ministers , Horace Walpole and Mr . Pitt . The Duko of Wellington and Napoleon , and TVaterloo , also Trafalgar and Rule Britannia , —O , and there ' s Aristotle , shone in a number of things , generally safe to mention . Plato and friendly attachment—Mem ., avoid m € ntioni « g Plato , there ' s something about a republic , on which I don ' t feel safe when it ' s occasionally mentioned . Botany : sap , tho blood of trees—the leaves of flowers arc called petals—also parts called pistils , which I could make . 1 pun upon if I knew what they were—cosines

      in algebra , the same , which would make play with cousins—plus and minus , more and less—there ' s a word , rationale , don ' t know whether French or Lutin , but extremely good to use—forcigh polities I don't make much of , not understanding history of foreign countries . Germans , I know , dreamy—Klopstock—know bis name , and think he was a drummer . Gerter was great . And I think there ' s an Emperor Barbossa , but , Mom ., be cautious , for I ' m not sure whether that ' s not the name of an animal , Understand animals , having been twice to the Zoological Gardens . Have read Shakspearenot Milton , but it ' s safe to praise him . Fine , a good epithet to apply to him . Know a good glass of claret . Lots of anecdotes—I'll tell you one . Once at a bar dinner , there was an Irisn barrister who chanced never to havo tasted olives 'Miss

      Fathomall removes her hand , bar dinner stories hurt her . —Well , Brown , yon need not look crossly at me . I know that it is as you say ; you have got on very well in the world upon your stock of knowledge . Yon are a man with no humbug about you . You have done youy duty , stuck to business , and are exceedingly well oft ; you can tell me . I know it , shake hands , Brown . Hike to shake hands with a , man who is well off . How are you Brown ? Beautiful weather ? The author is especially severe on Oxford for its recent display of opposition to the University Commission . The plea on which the authorities of that University have been resisting the inquiry into its condition , — namely , the necessity of adhering to the ancient statutes and carrying rigorously out the intentions of the founders of the College , —is thus handled : — .

      Let us take up the college plea of duty to the founders . There is reason in it . The Fellows of a college swear to keep the statutes of the founders inviolate , in their plain grammatical meaning . So of course they do . There is All Souls' for example , telling in its very name why it was founded . In this Collegium Omnium Animarum JFtdcliv . ni Be-/ uneforion , tho fellows oblige themselves by oath to otfer up prayers for the souls of King . Henry VI . and Archbishop Chichele , for the souls of all subjects who had fallen in our famous war with France , and for the souls of all the faithful , It IS well known that our noblemen fellows of All

      Souls' arc perpetually assisting at masses for this purpose in dutiful performance of their vow . Uicbard Fox , founder of Corpus Christi , only fell so far short of founding a monastic institution US to save his Collage from becoming involved in the monastic ruins . Some of the colleges were founded for the express purpose of promoting popery , and had their statutes framed accordingly . —Ui . uLA . Perhaps it is in obedience to these statutes that many of our Oxford men havo conscientiously embraced the Church of Rome . —Hiiu . All Souls' was founded for poor scholars . —Civetta . Which of course the noblemen who hold

      itsfeliowsnips all are , although not in the sense intended by the founder . —Uhu . They have all passed an examination in psalmody before they wire elected . Macdalcne , founded for the poor , has a revenue of . £ 30 , 000 a year ; of course that is all spent in tho encouragement of low born genius . Fellowship never goes by favour to the rich , not even being earned by them , it is the heritage of poor men who devote thoaiselves to intellectual toil . It is well known , also , that the fellows keep up their knowledge by daily scholastic exercises , to which they have

      pledged themselves , and pass examinations to attest their increase of proficiency . 1 c would be ridiculoua to sUj . po ? e to suppose that after becoming Bachelor of Arts through a weak school-boy ' s pass examination , the high titles of Master of Arts , Bachelor of Divinity , or Doctor , are not the reward of higher toil , . obtained by the endurance of severer tests ? It would bo an insult to the university to think that sho can say to her young fellows , wait a little while and pay me certain monies ; tor my letters M . A ., B . H ., D . D ., D . C . L ., & ' -,., can be all produced out of your L . S . D .

      The Mormons; Or, Latter Day Saints. With...

      The Mormons ; or , Latter Day Saints . With Memoirs of the Life and Death of Joseph Smith , the ' American Mahomet . ' Illustrated with Forty Engravings . London : Office of the National Illustrated Library , Had a IUueiais or h Swift told the story of the Mormons under the veil of allegory , the sane portion of mankind would probably have entered their protest against the extravagance of the satirist . The name of the mock hero , the ignorance and want of character of his family , the low cunning of his accomplices iu the fraud , the open and shameless vices in

      which he indulged , and the extraordinary success of tbe sect founded by his enthusiasmwould all have been thought too obviously conceived with a view to ludicrous effects . Joseph Smith is indeed a curious comment on the age . His revelations should be a lesson to the orthodox in both hemispheres . That the Smiths—the ,, famil y of the prophet—were far below tho usual levd of intelligence in America , is not dented by their followers . That their private lives would not bear looking into , they themselves admitted . With a Dantonlike audacity , the new prophet at once aud for ever silenced such enemies as adduced his ignorauce , his vices , and his debts as militating

      against bis prophetic character , b y acknowledging all these to the fullest extent , and extracting from them an argument in favour of Ill ' s larger share of divine grace . A prophet who could not spell—a bible full of the grossest errors of grammar—might seem strange anomalies to the children of this world ; but Joseph reminded his disci ples—aa George Fox had done on a similar occasion—that God d-jes not stand in need of human learning , — probably never having heard how finely South had ^ already disposed of the fallacy when ho replied— ' If God do not stand in need of human learning , still less does He stand in need of human ignorance . '

      The Mormons; Or, Latter Day Saints. With...

      He have on a former occasion giycil tllO history of tlie Mormon Bible , and the grounds on which it is alleged to be a forgery . But tho story of the Mormons , as apart from that of their founder and lender , has many elements of interest . Setting aside tho ignorance which could allow them to accept superstitions so gross , and the stern enthusiasm which became so offensive to the outer world , there is little to excite reprehension in their conduct , TllO )' suffered persecution manfull y and with a rare patience . They devoted themselves to the labours of the field with unequalled industry and success . They bore the miseries and vicissitudes incident to the lot of a people against whom almost every hand was stretched forth

      with a fortitude that melted tho heart of many a sworn enemy . In fact , they proved once more that however dark tho places in which it may be fouud wandering , there are certain grand and indestructible elements in human nature which no delusion , no superstition can wholly destroy . Th * tale of the pool' Mormons ^ persecuted in their churches , massacred in their mills and meadows , driven by lire and sword from the cities reared with tho toil of their hands , journeying with their Sick and aymg , their young and old , through the great prairies toward s the Rocky Mountains , whenover it shall be properly written , will command n generous toar from many who SDUfll the gross delusions to which they have submitted their faith and fortunes .

      With the building of the Nauvoo Temple incomparabl y the finest structure in America -the expulsion from Illinois—the settlement at Deseret—the foundation of schools and colleges—our readers are alread y familiar . We give an extract describing the death of the prophet and the cause which led to that catastrophe . It is necessary to premise that the doctrine of the ' spiritual wife' was first broached by Sidney Itigdon ; but there ia good ground for supposing that Smith was himself an earl y convert to his colleague ' s theory , though for obvious reasons he professed to discountenance it in public : —

      Dr . Foster , a Mormon , and member of tho Danitc baud , or society of the " Destroying Angels , " organised in Missouri for the defence of the " Saints , " having been absent from home , had suddenly returned without giving notice to his wife , and found the carriage of the Prophet at tho door . Having been cut off from tho church , and having , it is alleged , had previous suspicions of an improper intercourse between Joseph and his wife , he questioned Mrs . Foster as soon as Smith took his departure , when the lady confessed that Joseph had been endeavouring to persuade her to become his " spiritu .-d wife . " * * * Dr . Foster lent himself to the designs of the excommunicated parly , and , in conjunction with a person named Law . commenced the

      publication , in the city of Kauvoo itself , of a newspaper called the Exj ^ sitor . In tho first number they printed the nfflduvits of sixteen women , to the effect that Joseph Smith , Sidney Iti gdon , and others , had endeavoured to convert them to the " spiritual wife" doctrine , and to seduce them under the plea of having had a special permission from Heaven . This was somewhat too daring , and Joseph Smith , in his capacity of Mayor of Xnuvon , immediately summoned the alderman , councillors , and other members of the corporation to consider the publication . They unanimously declared it to be a public nuisance , and ordered the city marshal to "abate it forthwith . " A body of the Prophet ' s adherents , to the number of two hundred and

      upwards , sallied forth in obedience to this order , and proceeding to the office of the J & vpositor , speedily raised it to the ground . They then destroyed the presses , and made a bonfire of the papers and furniture . Foster and law fled for their lives , and took refuge in Carthage , where they applied for a warrant against Joseph and Hyrum Smith , and sixteen other persons known to havo aidod and abetted in putting down tho Expositor officer . The warrant was granted and served upon the Mayor of Sauvoo . lie refused to acknowledge its validity , and the Constable who served it was marched out ' of Nauvr 0 by the city marshal . The autlumtios of the county could not surfer this affront to the law ; and the militia were ordered out to support tho county

      officer in arresting the two Smiths and their sixteen confederates . The Mormons in Nauvoo fortified the city , and determined to fight to the last extremity in support of the "Prophet . " The brethren from all parts of the country hastened to g ive assistance . Illinois , like Missouri , divided itself into two great camps , the Mormons and the anti-Mormons , and the circumstances were so menacing that Mr . Ford , the Governor , took the field in person . In a proclamation to tho people of Illinois , he stated that he had discovered that nothing but the utter destination of the city oi Nauvoo would satisfy the militia and troops ufldor his command , and that if ho marched into the city pretexts would not be wanting on their part lor the

      commencement of slaughter . Anxious to spare the effusion of blood , he called upon the two Smiths to surrender peaceably , pledgirg his word and the honour of tbe State that they should bo protected . Ho also called upon the Mormons to surrender their public . arms , aud upon the Nauvoo legion to submit to tho command of a State officer . The Mormons agreed to the terms , and Joseph and his brother surrendered to take their trial for the riot , find for the destruction of the office of the Expositor . The " Prophet" had a presentiment of evil , and said , as he surrendered , " I am going like a lamb to the slaughter , but I am calm sis a summer ' s morning ; f hare a conscience void of offence , and shall die innocent . " "While in prison at Carthage ,

      another writ was served upon him and Hyrum for high treason . ¦ veaintt the State of Illinois , on an information in which tho principal witness was the Ifigboe already mentioned , and whoso hostility to Joseph had not ended at the trial before the Court of Nauvoo . As the mob breathed vengeance against both prisoners , and as the militia very indecentl y sided with the people , and were not to be depended on in case of any violence being offered to the tv . o Smiths , the Governor was requested by the citizens of Neuvoo and other Mormons to sot a guard over the gaol . On the morning of the 26 th of June , 1814 , the Governor visited the prisoners and pledged his word to protect them against the threatened violence . It now began to be rumoured among the mob that there would be no case against the Smiths on either of the charges brought against them , and

      that tbe Governor was anxious they should escape . A band of ruffians accordingly resolved that as "law could not reach them , powder and shot should . " About six o ' clock in the evening of the 27 th , the small guard stationed at the gaol was overpowered by a band of nearly two hundred men , with blackened faces , who rushed into the prison where the unfortunate men wore confined . They w ere at the timo in consultation with two of their friends . The mob fired upon the whole four . Hyvuvfl was shot first , and fell immediately exclaiming , " I am a dead man . " Joseph endeavoured to leap from the window , and was phot- in the attempt , exclaiming , " O Lord , my God . " They were both shot after they were dead , each receiving four ba ! K John Taylor , one of the two Mormons in the room , was seriously wounded , but afterwards recovered .

      This tragic end , though unrelieved by any flue touch of chivalry , dignity , or sentiment , was tho best incident in tho impostor ' s career . Yet thousands believe this man to have ix < u a prophet , ; ind his followers have actuaM y founded a State ! Twenty years ago Smith had not gained a single follower OUtOf his OWU family : —at this moment the Mormons count upwards of 300 , 000 communicants in England and America . The number of those who leave England every year to join their brethren of Deseret amounts to more than 2 , 500 ,

      A Thaoedy Is Texas.—A Negro Rode Up To A...

      A Thaoedy is Texas . —A negro rode up to air . Baker ' s , at Galveston , about sunrise yesterday ( July 11 , ) and inquired th © ^ ay to a neighbour ' s bouse , and was invited by Mr . Baker to ali ght until the family was done breakfast , to which tliey were about to sit down , and the negro did so , About this time Colonel E . S . C . Robertson rode up , and , upon examination , found the negro was a runaway , and ho and Mr . Baker tied aud placed him in the house . Colonel Piobertson thou left ; soon after whieh , Mr . Baker met the negro at the door , ho having cut himself loose with a largebutchor ' s knife which he held in his hand . On Mr . Baker ' s attempting to rotie the negro , the latter grappled with and commenced stabbing him . Mrs , Baker , seeing her husband in this perilous situation , ran

      to his relief , when the neiil'O stubbed her , tho knife entering just above the left nipple , severing the arteries ' of the axilla , producing hemorrhage and almost instant death ; and after stabbing Mr . Baker four times , thrice in tho back , near the spine , and once in the side , the negro got on his horse and iled . No one was present during the horrid tragedy , except five little children , whoso screams soon assembled some of the neighbours . Medical aid was immediately summoned to Mr . Baker , but there is not the most distant hope of his recovery . A large number of our citizens im ' medtatclv armed themselves and went in pursuit of the murderer but at our last accounts from the scene of the murder , he had not been arrested . —Texas State Gazettes

      ?- •'Anru'b-

      ? - •' anru'B-

      Designing People—The Wood Engravers. Jam...

      Designing people—The wood engravers . JAMAICA Coiion . —The experiment of cultivating iiniiT '" Jamaica has been Quite successful at various Movements op the Aristocracy . —Lord ArunfuncT " t 0 BUh ° P st 0 W { BitAop ' t-lM ) . — B . « . « rT i doe 3 J 5 I r ?' , IIicks wW > to be hl ' * - ¦ Because she has a decided antipathy to see more ( Seymour ) . Rkfli--ction . —Those who speak without reflexion often remember their own words afterwards with sorow . Worth . —There is no readier way for It man to bring hi * own worth int » question , ' than by endeavouring to detract from the worth of othev towi .

      A Doobtkux Mourner . — "Iaee you nreinblack . Are you in mourning for a friend , Thomas ? "— " No , lam in mourning for my sins . "— "I never heard that you had lost any , " was the instant and keen reply . " 1 ' i . rasuri : axd Happiness . —My mother , active , cheerful , and constantly occupied , sought pleasure nowher ? , Jinil found happiness and content everywhere . — Mrs , Grant . Tears and Blubber . —A person who had got some little smattering of zoological lore , said one day to a novice , th : il crocodiles were often seen in tears . " Oh , that ' s nothtite , " rejoined the novice , " I ' ve often myself seen ivhales blubber . " Economy ofTimr . —As in a letter , if the paper is small and we have much to write , wc write closer , so let us learn to economise and improve the VCmamiug moments of life . —Jay .

      1 uk Natioxal Gallbrt —The Chancellor of the Exchequer bag stated that instructions have been siven to select a site for a future National Gallery , in seme position where the pictures n-oulcl be exempt from the injuries from duat anil smoke to which they are now subject . Confidence . —There is something captivating in spirit and intrepedity , to which we olten yield as to a resistless power ; nor can he reasonably expect tha confidence of others who too apparently distrusts himself . —Johnson . Smart Reply . —An old woman driving a four * footed troop into u city , was accosted by ayoungman with , " Good morning , mother of donkeys . " The dame meekly but smartly replied , " Good morning to you , my son . "

      A REPiiEsin . va Conundrum . —Why do young misses , and boarding school young ladies , at tbe Exhibition , refuse en lun < h at any other refreshment stall than lhe oil' . ' in the Transept ?—Because they like a " Young husband , " and object to having " iVJaiters . " - / ttncA , Steadiness of Purpose . —In whatever you engage pursue it with n steadiness of purpO : > e , as though you were determined to succeed . A vacillating mind nuvcr accomplished anything vtorth naming . . There is nothing like a fixed , steady aim . It dignifies your nature and insures your success . The Field of Marathon . —Through a private letter from Athens , we learn that workmen , employed lour miles from tho city in draining the field of Mara * thon , found the placeof sepulture of the warriorswbo fell therein the memorable battle -190 years before the birth of Christ . —Morning Chronicle .

      Cnn . nnooD . _ -Childhood is like a mirror , catching : and reflecting images from all around it . Remember that an impious or profane thought uttered by a parent ' s lips , may operate on the young heart like a careless spray of water thrown upon polished steel , staining it with rust which no after-scouring can efface . BtcR nv f uie Pound . —An Irishman who kept a beer shop mar a pound , or iaclo . * ure for cattle , was summoned to the Excise Court for having on his sij * n , " Beer sold by the pound , " " Do you sell youc beer by the pound , sir ? " said tbe judge . " \ ifoand / do not , sir , " said Pat . — " Then how do you do sir ! " — "Very well , I thank you , sir , " he replied .

      Patrick s Day . —A writer in the Dublin Warder expresses his delight that a friend of his who was a noted tippler lias taken the pledge . " That family , " he says , " had ever and always a cruel taste for the dbrop , and conshumin' to the Patrick ' s-day . I never took a ramble thro * Dublin without meettn * his aunt Kitty in one corner or another , hardly able to balance the basket of fruit , and she cryin' thro ' the fair dint 0 ' drink , ' Oh , ble » sed St . . Patrick , just look down from ycr celestial elevation , and se $ what a lone woman like myself is suffcrin' in honour , 0 ' you . ' "

      What ' s in a Names—Asa familiar example 01 h '' W jirojJisr names become changed by transporta- - lion to different miuntries , the story of John Flint may be instanced . An English emigrant , settling ia Pennyslvania , found his patronymic translated by the Germans into i ' eucrutct ' ii . ( Fircstoi . e ); urtsuecebsful in bis operations in that State , he moved into Louisiana , where the French colonists named him l'ierre da Fusil ; and in latter days he departed this life in New England as the lamented Peter Gun .

      'Ma . Bird and Miss Pish . —The Cambridge Chronicle has an impromptu written on reading the annottttce . meiit in that paper of the marriage ot Mr . Bin ! to Miss Fish , of Bath : — Shut in a Bath , a beauteous Fish Said , -Oh , that I had wines : " A Bird delighted hears the wish , And straight a priest he brings , Who seon a mystic spell around them threw , Saying , " Fish be fowl , " and off the couple Hew . Chimney Sweeping . — Housewives will be phased to hear shat the clumsy , dirty , and inefficient machine now in use is likelv to be superseded bv a

      clever and effective apparatus , the inventiwi of Mr , Osmati Giddy . Aa association in Pimlico lluYQ taken tho matter up , and speak confidently as to the superiority of the contrivance . The new machine is so ingeniously constructed as to suit the size aud form of any flue ; it contracts and expands at pleasure , so that tbe brushes affixed to it pass through the smallest aperture , or nil the largest chimney , effectually removing during their passage the whole of tho soot , scouring out the angles , and adjusting themselves to any inequality or projection . The machine is also so cleanly and complete that neither furniture , ornaments , nor canm , riquire to be removed ( hiring thin hitherto dreaded operation .

      Sound ami Sense . —A man , who attended some cattle from a certain part of ( his country to tha Royal Agricultural Show in London , was boasting in the market of the wonderful things he had hotll seen and heard in "the great- metropolis of the world , " A person standing by inquired what was " the greatest wonder he had seen ; and he replied , "A place all covered over with glass . " The querist inquired the nam-- of the place . The " feetosoplier" replied , " 1 dinna know dez ct / y svliafc was the name , but 1 ibinksashow I knows itimmit like it ! " Cm bring further interrogated , he said , '' The nearest name like ill can recollect is eggs and bacon ! " On being asktd if he did nob mean " 'Uie Exhibition , " h < s replied , "Thee hftS hit Oli ' t . Thoo beestaschollard , atidlbenone , aud this is how thec ' st got the advantage . "—// srcforcJ Times .

      Sudden IXDisrosmoKix Public Offices . —Mr . Corwin . when entering up- n the dutic .-. of Secretary to the Treasury Department of the United States ' Government , found that the clerks were sick , on uo average , about half their time—but it struck him as somewhat remarkable that , much as they were sick , none of them died . Accordingly , the Secretary turned physici .-in , and hi-gnu 10 prescribe f 0 T the invalids . He issued an oiaer that ail clerks who were absent from their dc > kg a certain number of days , say two , on account of sickness , should submit to u proportionate ( leiiuciion from their respective salaries ; and that nil who wore absent longer , say one w .-ek , won !;! be required eilhtr 10 ( fi ' i ! or resign ! The prcseiipthm worked likfi a charm , and in a short time ikon * , win lint a sick clerk in the whole depariuitut . A healthier svt of men than they are now , Mr . Corwin declar-.-s cannot be found anywhere .

      Nelson's Coat . —The recognition of tliO COilfi Kelson wore at Trafalgar depends on its fulfilling a detail in the following fact . The present Captain Sir George IVestphai was a miMfhipniaii on Ir . mrd tho Yietory , and was . wounded oa the back of the head : he was taken into the coelqiit , and placed by the side of Ktdson . When Westphai ' . i uound was dressed , nothing else bcin . tf immediately available , Kelson ' s coat was roiled up and used as a support to "Westphal ' s head . Blood flowed from the wound , ami , coagulating , stuck the bullion of one of the epaultttes to the bniitia . izo ; it was deemed better to cut off some of the bullion curls to liberate the coat ; so that the coat Nelson wore on that day will b e found minus of bullion in one of tho epaulettes . —/ 7 ; ' << rotus . —AWcs and Queries . THE PYRAMID .-By C . S . Pekcival . 7 b 00 read ascendimjly , dcscendwjlu , and condis cendinq ' y .

      There For aye To stay , Commanding 'Tis standing , With , godlike air , Subluw'hf falr I Ics fame declaring , Its height admiriue , Looks on it from afar Lo ! every smiling star , i ' o raise the pile to heaven i hose beauteous stones are given ¦ K-ach prayerfortruthVinspiringlight . iiach manl y struggle for the right , haca kindly word to cheer the lowl- —rj Each aspiration for Lach strong temptation noblv Each clamorous passion held m Asjslow it riseth towards U 10 Stone alter stone , until the ts base upon the earth , its apex he good man ' s character a ivrij-

      Y, The L-H«L«,, >^ "Ovja-6oin*J>^R-^Enie...

      y , the l-h « L « ,, >^ "ovja-6 oin * j >^ r-^ eniee ^ MO , . ^ uppej > . W ^ . « . /| . J < W ma s ^" 6 ?^ H ^ ^ j ^™ 5 * ' >; - , pyramidMith . lriSI ^ ma ., . - - » - . the -l ) Ol . ^ ,. > L ^ IrA iv oTja ^ i «* p !^ t ^\ kll % Mhfc ; ^ upper ^ Ie > ven , jt .-v . Gp . il „ mass . - if- ^ nvU ^ wii ^ X iirtlleTiBKSr . i : C ~ j 5 jj vMmmBZ UJ / RjCriS- ^ > r feiV ^ ^ ^ is ^ y

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 23, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_23081851/page/3/