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^ THE fiVIfcS OF LAND MONOPOLY. IO ifcBt...
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FRANCE. ,, Loms-Philippe has appointed h...
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Marshal Oudingt, Dcke of Reggio. —The Pr...
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THE WOES AND BORROWS OF IRELAND. TO THE ...
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JERSEY AFFAIRS, . ' We should not fly fr...
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, ' Reported Mahriaob of thb Dukb of . W...
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;. EXPL081OH.OF THE CRICKET STEAMER,.;¦;...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Y'T '' "'" I J^Mfe^Lisltw^,^ ._ _,, _ .^...
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^ The Fivifcs Of Land Monopoly. Io Ifcbt...
^ THE fiVIfcS OF LAND MONOPOLY . IO ifcBtonOB , OP XHX X 0 B 1 HBBX STAB , Sib , — The leading fallacy of legislators , particuwly those of our own country , has been to consider gje wants of tbe different classes under their governjoent , only , in reference to the position in which they have found them ; without considering that minkind are by nature on an equality , and that the du ty of a government is to render every subject happy ; that taxes should not be levied which could cbeckthe industry of the poorest , nor laws be passed which should offer , directly or indirectly , a premium on crime .
The great truth , that' all men are brethren / has not yet been learned by either our law-makers , or our political ec onomists ; and , as a necessary con . sequence , laws have been made , and rules for social guidance , lad down—wherein the producer and the consumer bave been divided—and it has been assumed that the one . must be benefitted at the ex * pense of the other . Although , the manufacturer has been protected , the people he employed have been reduced to the brink of starvation , and plunged into crime ; and the labourer toiling far his landlord has shared the samefate , because the protection afforded has been class protection . Society is disorganised ; -wealth is amatsed by a few , and the many cannot obtain daily bread , even by incessant dailv labour .
All this arises from the primary error of considering , as separate and opposing interests , those , in fact , which are but one and indivisible . A State , like a human body , has , indeed , many members J but as we cannot injure hand or foot , eye . or tooth , without every part of the man being sensible of pain—even so , cannot we degrade or neglect one order of society , without every other order feeling the consequence of the folly .
Man , then , is the same being in all grades of society ; the peasant and the peer bave similar bodies to he fed and clothed , and sonls orig inall y alikecapable of the same affections j yearning after the same aspirations , invested with the same immortality . Is , then , tbe one man , because be happens to be the son of a duke , to live on the labour of others , and revel in tbe indulgence of social affections and arbitrary power , and tbe other , because tbe offspiing of a cotter , to have his life made bitter with hard bo ndage—to be tbe slave of toil in manhood , and a pauper in old age—to have no time to improve his mind , or cultivate the affections of bis soul ?
This order of things must be admitted to be most unnatural ; but it is one which exists in England at tbe present day ; and , as it is tbe result of false policy and class legislation , it is to be hoped the day is is at band when a clearer light will be thrown on the subject , and men will no longer be able to plead ignorance of truth in theory , as an excuse for error in practice . I have said that men were born alike—alike in
feelings , desires , and capacity . If this truth be impressed on our pr-litical economists , they will make Borne discoveries , which , for practical utility , vritt exceed all that our greatest philosophers bave achieved . Each man who comes into the world has duties to fulfil towards society and towards himself ; and to enable him to perform these duties well , certain instincts and princip les are implanted in his nature , which , properly bounded and properly gratified , make him good and happy .
Perhaps tbe instinct which is earliest developed iu the child { the future man !) is a profound veneration for the little word my . The infant distinguishes its own toy from all around it ; the kite aud the knife of the boy are , in his estimation , infinitely superior to all others ; the sweetheart of the youth is , in his eyes , tbe loveliest of her sex ; and the children of the man are notoriously more intelligent , more charming , more amiable than any others in
existence . But man if-. not content with his possession ; he is ever strhfng to give it new charms—to make it that which bis fancy and bis heart paint it ; possession endears it , and he loves the toil which enables him to make it a greater source of pride and happiness . To attain an object which , he sighs to call his own , all labour is delightful , all privation is endurable ; hofe points out tbe road to success , and lightens the path to its attainment .
Sow , tbe scheme of the National Land Company derives , to my mind , its chief charm , and to present the greatest assurance of success , from the direct manner in which it addresses itself to this leadiny principle ia man s mind—a principle obvious enough in an the higher classes , but which our Legislature , our poor laws , our iniquitous oppressions , bave done their best to exterminate in the heart of the poor .
But they have not exterminated it 1 It is one of those eternal and heaven-bom principles which may by adverse circumstances become concealed , but which can never be destroyed ; giveitbut a glrmmering of Eqpe , « cd tbe instinct becomes forcible and animating as ever . Thanks to the National Land Company , thanks to its daring originator , tins jewel of Hope is no longer escluded from the poor man ; toe peasant will now begin to feel that he may look forward to the day when he will be able to live on his tun land , in his otcw cottage , surrounded by a prosperous family , whom his labour and their
lighter toil will sufficelo surround with the decent comforts of life . He will go out in the mommg to his daily toil with a lighfcfaearf , for he wifl have-discovered tbat' in all labo < ur thereis profit ; ' and in tie intervals devoted tor . efreshment , in the evenings . and in days of recreation , he will be able to cultivate his own heart , and the hearts and minds of ids femily , by kindly intercourse . The laugh will M longer be banished fxoui . the voices of his children , for their young hearts wiU no longer be Crushed -by want ; their parents will love thea better than-ever , and wiU awoke a blessing on them
every time their eyes rest on the merry countenances of the litfle « nes , for they wiHma longer be agonised by the cry & r bread ; that ieart-withering cry which now t -ey cannot answer . Let us think of the picture our peasantry nught present , and let us glance on the one which irow offers itself to oar eyes , and « e shall no longer doubt of the alteration that wouldiake place under s different legislation .
Now , the poor man s hut is the xibode of misery and famine . Too happy if he obtain permission to toil , for wasty « ages , for another , he feels no energy , / er he has ne hope ; his labour produces not profit ; it only permits bare existence ! He has no pleasure in his work , for it will not bring enough of bread for his staiving family ; he has no joy in his children , forhe dreads seeing their famine-stricken faces ; he has no leisure to cultivate his mind , no periods for relaxation , no power for improving himself or of aiding his fellow-men . His existence is analogous only to to that of the brute creation , since he is denied the opportunity of exercising the functions of the soul which alone distinguish him from them .
That this picture is accurate , and that the other might become a leality , none wifl dare to deny . Ia the present slate of affairs , it cannot , be so , for the land does not produce food for the people who live on it ; but it is well know * that it might be made greatly more productive than it is ; that if advantage were taken « if that inherent veneration for our own property which is implanted in the hearts of mankind , and aU had a direct interest in the cultivation of the soil , the result would be tar different .
I find I must defer the scrutiny I had proposed to myjelf of the prospects of the members of the National Land Company , until next week , when I shall , with your parmission , comment on the probable effects of its general adoption , both on those who embrace its advantages , and on the rest of the comffilffijty . I am , Sir , Faithfully yours , " PSIWBEMOS .
Pr^^Ajgtnte
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France. ,, Loms-Philippe Has Appointed H...
FRANCE . ,, Loms-Philippe has appointed his son , the Duke d'Aunate , Governor-General ef Algeria , io the room of Marshal Bugeaud . An official visit , paid by the Marquis of Normandby to M . Guisit , has excited considerable discussion . Lord Nermanby is said to have formally communicated to M . 6 uiiot & despatch of Lord Palmerston to Lard Ponsonby , your Ambassador at Vienna , declaring ( as my letter of Thurs day stated ) , the resolve ef Great Britain to suffer no attack on the independence of any of the Italian states by Austria . The Union Monarchiqwe states , ithat Ministers have resolved to form a camp of 40 , 0 Wmenatthefoot of the Pyrenees . At a patriotic dinner given at Cemay , in the Up ^ er Rhine , M . Rissler , the Mayor of the town , proposed the health of the King in these words : — * To the King
of the French , to whom France confided seventeen years ago the guardianship of her destinies and glory ! ' May he soon- respond to our long expectation V * That toast , ' says the Counter d' Alsace , ' waa received wnb cries of ia Mareeilfafse ' The councils-general of the eighty-six departments are holding their customary session . The agitation for parliamentary reforms has in many instanceafouBd expression in these bodies . This has excited the wrath of the government , and the Journal des L ' ebats attacks them for exceeding in this their proper and legitimate functions . The National expresses its approbation of the movement which is taking place throughout the provinces , in the shape of reform dinners , after -the example of the great demonstration % t the Chateau Rouge , in Paris . ¦ At the very moment we are writing' says the National ,- ^ -
A numerous and patriotic reunion - is taking place at Saint Qacntin . It follows after that of Srissons , of which we bave already spoken . ' If . Odillon Barrot , who is present at that banquet , delivered at the preceding dinner a remarkable speech , which , we regret , reached us too late for publication . V 7 e congratulate the chief of ' the Left' npon his activity during the interval of the Parliamentary sessions . He fulfils a duty , and gives an excellent example . While we applaud the language of M . 0 Jillon Barrot , with respect to tbe duties imposed on n ; by our position as pjblic men , we wish to make some observations on the concluding sentence of his speech . ' Oar greatest and our most alarming trials , ' said 21 . Olillon Barrot , ' are not to ba found in our pasthistory , but are to be apprehended from onr future . ' Ifitbeas a friend of the dynasty that be dreads coming events , he is , perhaps , right . The . social movement in Europe is
not is favour of dynasties , but we do not consider that fact to be a serious « use of uneasiness for men devoted to the greatness and prosperity of a country . Why , then , should Francs experience any alarm at a reaova tioa become necessary ! * ? # * We hear the reply ; and we have already heard it so frequently from timid men , that we repeat it without fearing to be mistaken—tbe public is afraid of communism . This spectre has replaced that of 1793 .- It has grown large in the shade , and repert has given to it tbe most alarming proportions . It is a ' torrent wbicb is dragging tbe entire operative class into an abyss . On tho first change in onr political organisation , this torrent will overflow , and overthrow in its passage property , family , and country . We should wish to show how many operatives could be found to sacrifice , family , and country ! The NationaI concludes by stating that , —
' Thecoamncuts are not to be feared ; ' that 'all tbat ia required is the general amelioration of the social condition of France , the repression and punishment of iniquity ; and the re-establishment of justice-, ' that'the distinction of classes should be effaced , and tbe labourer be placed ia possession of his rights . Such is the object Of tbe l'enavatunannounced and promised by the prcstnt aspect of public afiaira . '
SPAIN . The Madrid mails of the 13 th have brought tbe intelligence oi thc completion of the cabinet by the appointment of M . Goyena , Minister of Justice , to the presidency , ar . d M . Costazar to the ministry cf foreign affair ? . This is considered as a further check by the French party and the Moderados . The Madrid Gazette of the 14 th contains a circular , signed by M . Efecosura ^ the minister of the inferior , addressed to the . authorities throughout the kingdom , prohibiting the introduction into the kingdom of the Courrier Francois , in consequence of its having in its S 50 : h number spoken other Majesty the Queen in terms shamefully calumnious . A serious military conspiracy in favour of General Narvaxz and the French party had been discovered at Pampeluna . Several officers of the garrison were implicated in it .
SWITZERLAND . The grand council of Berne , which is bath the legislative and executive organ of the canton , has voted the sum of £ 10 . 000 to put the military contingent of the canton in a condition to take the field . Independently of the troops which this vote will put in preparation there is already an army full ) equiped , disciplined , and ready to take the field , amounting to 20 , 000 men . This vote was carried in the grand council with only two dissentients out of 106 members . The canton of Zurich appears to be disposed to adopt similar measures . The burgomaster Furer , who is deputy to the diet , replied to the multitude who had given him a serenade , that he should vote for war even if he were certain of peri-hing in it . Ia the canton of Tessino several thousand volunteers had inscribed their name ? . The federal Colo .
nelRiliiet Constant had been appointed commander-in-chief of the force to be sent against the separated cantons . The government of the canton of Fribnrg has just decreed that all soldiers , either belonging to troops on active service , or belonging to the Iiandwehr , are to have their arms blessed by the priests , paying seven batz for each firearm , and five batz for every other arm . The produce of this novel tax is to be divided between the government , and clergy , in the proportion of seven-twelfths to the former , and five-twelfths to the latter . Letters from Berne , of the 16 th instant , state that the Federal Directory received a communication from the government of Valais , in which tbe latter not only protested against the decree of the Diet iclative to the expulsion of tho Jesuits but formally declared that it would not submit to it , and would oppose its execution by force , if necessary .
ITALY . The news from Italy this week is not so favourable- It is clear that the union and coincidence of sentiment and of views , hitherto . ascribed to , the people of the various states who have declared themselves for Liberal institutions , have been a little shaken . The King of Sardinia has prohibited the wearing of any colours er-badges in his dominions than those belonging to Sardinia . Other checks to the enthusiasm so general a few days ago have also
been experienced . This interruption of the progres in Italy is attributable partly to Austrian influence and partly to a principle of self-preservation , it having transpired , it is said , that powerful efforts were in progress to recommend the Prince de Canino ( son of Lucien Bonaparte , } as the fittest Sovereign for all Italy . On the ether hano . it is stated that the Austrian government is determined to march troops into every town or city in I ; aly in which National Guards have been , orfsball J » established . The Commerce states
that—Auerra baa notified l . er determination to interfere in theDuchie * of Parma and Lucca , and in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany . General Walmoden is to execute tbat project of intervention , with the Austrian troops now marching towards Italy . . The forces nnder the command of that General will simultaneously enter Central Italy on two points . One column will cross the Fo on tbe side of Placentia , and tbe other near Mantua . Tbe first will occupy Parma , and by tbe Pontremoli road , advance to Lucca ; the second will traverse Modeaa , enter Tuscan v on the side-of Pistoja , and occupy Plonnce and Leghorn . The Court of Vienna ,. mureover , in order to insure tbe success of its designs , tak < . s good care to Knew its declarations ia favour of tbe independence of tbe Holy See . Austria does not mean to menace the Soman State * . If tbat plan be real , as we Juve every reason to suppose , we can now account for tbaatutude suddenly assumed by tbe Cabinet of Vienna
after the untoward occupation of Ferrara . The explosion ef hostilities was checked by tbe firmness of the protests of the Soman government , by tbe energetic demonstration of the population -of tha Pontifical dominions , ani finally , by the decision of the Sing of-Pied , moot . Austria could not command sufficient strength te attack openly a cause so universally popular as that of tbe Hob / See . But what could not be achieved in a direct manner may be attempted with greater security ia an indirect one . By interfering in Tuscany , particularly , the ImfKrial troops will be at band to pounce at once on tbe Soman States , so as to cut them in two , and separate the legations from the capital of those states . And by tbia meaiW tbe intervention in the Pontifical dominions may be accomplished so suddenly that no power will be able to prevent it . The intervention and its definitive result wilt be known at tbe same time .
Letters from Romestatetuat tbe celebrated tribune , AngeloBrnnetti , better known « s Ciceroacchin , was appointed stands ^ -bearer of the Civic Guard of Rome . Letters fi / pm Ancona , in the PoRade of yesterday , exult in the presence of the Rodney , Vang uard , and Albion , . 'iaingat anchor in that noble harbour . Letters bave been received from p . « rara , at Rome , dated the 8 th , which state that the Ant 'trians have be . come lest esatptiating . They , however , " , » re still in oc cupatlon of the town , and send ont nut . serous patrols every night , and are preparingfor themselv . * convenient winter" quarters ; the commandant of th"o garrison
has ordered sentry-boxes to be made , which . tooks ' ai if they were determined to remain . Asangninar . conflict has taken place between the Tyre-bans aad Hut . Marians in tbe Austrian eirriee at Ferrara—tbe first tali . ' fS the part ef the Pope , and the second defending the Emi " ** " Several were killed , and two Tjrolians and one 1 ^ - garisn bare since been tried by a court martial , a nd condemned to death . They were banged by means oi * hook forced through the neck , entering at the throat v snd coming oat at the back . The garrison has received no reinforcements ; and sickness , as a natural consequence of tbe season and place , has made great progress among the men . The Roman journals and letters from that city have brought a prwlaoatipa issued by the Secre-
France. ,, Loms-Philippe Has Appointed H...
tary of State , ; and directed against tome proceedings in the reeeut nopular < demonstrations . ^ The Prince ot Canino . has lucurred . tbe disapprobation of the authorities for Joining in . the exclamations uttered , by the populace in favour of 'Italianindependence . ' Immediately after the government had received ^ the answer et Austria to the protestation against the o > capa'ion of Ferrara , Cardinal Ferretti had a conference with the principal members of the diplomatic corps , . who signified their - opinion that . the -right of Austria to occupy Ferrara was , incontestable ; that the cardinal then putting aside tho question of right , urged that the occupation ef Ferrara , being itself the cause of the effervescence and irritation which prevailed in the other states of Italy , its evacuation as a mere matter of policy ought to be conceded . On this ground the cardinal , again demanded , in categorical terms , the retirement of the Austrian forces .
Letters from Florence bring further details of the popular ovations which took place there on thepublicatton of the decree for establishing the national guard , when tbe people collected in thousands in the square in front of the palace , uttering . cries , in favour of Leopold II , Pius IX ., and the Italian League ; and the windows of the bouses surrounding tho square were decorated with brilliant draperies and filled with ladies who waved the Tuscan flag ( white and red ) . The Grand Duke , leadinsf his two sans , presented himself on the balcony , in front of the palace ,, to make his acknowledgments to . his people . Seeing' the national cockade on every breast , and the national flag waving every , where around , and not having one at hand , he ordered two silk mantles to be taken from the shoulders of ^ the members of his family , a white and red , uniting which heimprovised the national flag , which hewavedfromthe balcony . A deputation was afterwards admitted to tbe palace
to present to the Grand Duke , from his people , a flag of the Tuscan colours . In his answer fb the address of the deputation , the Grand Duke concluded with the memorable , words : — ' Be assured , gentlemen , that , above all other qualities . I am an Italian prince ! . Am Inot a native of Piw ? and have I not ever been your brother ! ' "He then presented himself * gain on the balcony to tho multitude with his two sons , having in his hand the national flag which had just been presented . to him . It is impossible to describe the burst , of enthusiasm which foUowed ' this . The people shouted , wept , and embraced each other . Priests , monks , women , and children , equally transparted with the general delirium , placed on their breasts the national cockade , and ran in all directions in the wildest joy , shouting ,. t-Viva Leopnldo I Viva Pio None ! Viva la Guards , Civica , i fratelli dell' Italia , il . Popolo Italiano'l Viva gli Amici del Popolol '
1 he advices from Leghorn give ¦ »• most animated picture of the celebration which took place there on the 8 th : — ..,..- , .., Early in tbe morning tbe drum called under the ban . nerofeach parish the inhabitants , who were to go and meet the deputations of the towns and villages convoked for tbe Te . Daum . They left » t eleven o ' clock . Every parish teas preceded by its peculiar banner , adorned with banderolles of the Italian tricolours . Ten thousand persons filed off , exchanging huzzas and vivas with the spectators , wbo were waring handkerchiefs and flags at the windows . Between tbe rows of men were placed la-lies crowned with leaves and flowers , and cofficsa la Henri IV . They were adorned with tricolouredribbons . The vicars and clergy of the different parishes were di Tided in groups , wearing tbe Italian eolonr ° , as scarfs orround the arm . Each deputation was preceded by a band of musicians . Tho whole mass marched in a
military step , in the greatest order , nnder the direction of several chiefs . When ty any circumstance tbe march was arrested for an instant , the groups , women , and even the clergy , marked the step as soldiers under arms . Foreigners attended this ceremony , dividing into companies , according to their nation . Tha French were rcmaibed by their extreme good order .: TheEnglisb were more turbulent . Theybore small tricolonrtd flags aforned tritb inscriptions alluding to the liberty of Italy , and endeavoured to obtain tbe plaudits of tbe crowd . After the TeAum and tbe solemn blessing , the procession moved again . Tbe effervescence was at its height , but want of food dispersed these masses- of people . About four , the population was again called out by the drum , to attend in cohorts the ceremony of the inauguration of
the statue of the Grand Duke , wbicb was saluted by an immense shout , when the sculptor placed npon it a scarf of the national colours . In the evening ether scenes of rejoicing were going forward . Soldiers wbo had fraternised with tbe people , priests , monks , women , marched in rows , singing the hy-nn of Pius IX . Capuchins gave to tbe femnlta the kiss of fraternity ; priests excited with joy , men in rags , extended a fraternal hand to the passer-by . Popular speakers , who had been overpowered by fatigue and by heat during the day , now spoke to the people about tbe love of their native land , and excited them to stand np for the independence of Italy . Legborn will long treasure np the remembrance of this day . Another letter , dated Leghorn , tbe 10 th , says ;—Crowds are still assembled in the streets . The
clandestine press bis resumed all its activity , and preaches up the necessity of a constitution . . The news of the manifestation which took placo at Genoa on the 8 tb , when known at Leghorn , gave a fre-h impulse to tbe popular effervescence . The arrival of thb Prince de Canino from Rome , who , wearing the uniform of the National Gnnrd of Borne , has been the otject of a popular ovation , added not a little to keep ap tbe excitement . Much anxiety is felt on the ' subject of the irovement at Florence , which , as I mentioned yesterday , is to take place on the 12 th . It appears that tbe radical party wishes to brine ; about another ministerial modification , and to bave a constitution proclaimed . In the meantime the Grand Duke has ordered bis troops to wear the Tuscan cockade , and has adopted it himself , after giving np tbe colours which he bore as . Archduke ef Austria . The people express great satisfaction at this change .
Letters from Bologna , of the 9 th , say that the Duke of Mcdenawasobligfd to leave his states , and take refuge at Parma , where an Austrian force is collected . The popular demonstration of the 8 th instant at Genoa was renewed the following day . when a body of citizens , amounting to 2 , 000 , were headed by the Marquis George Doria . The quarter Portoria , where the insurrection against the Austrians broke out in 1748 . was illuminated . The people , on this occasion , besides the ucual loyal acclamations , uttered cries for ' a national guard / Whatever may have decided the authorities ' , which until then were patsive , the
troops were then called out , and a proclamation issued by the municipal authorities , exhorting tho people to be tranquil , alluding to the Pope in terms of praise , and at the same time the assemblage was dispersed , but without violence . A letter from Genoa of the 13 th , says that the popular celebration which bad been designed fur the preceding day bad been suspended , by . order of the government . No restraint however was imposed on the use of the printing press , so far as respected tbe printing of hymnsi written in a styleof the highest excitement against the Austrians , and which were . set to music and sung in the streets .
Tho Sardinian government has evinced displeasure at the manifestations which took place at Genoa and some other towns . Three of the member * of noble families who took part in these proceedings had been since moved to Turin . These were ,, the Marquis George Doria , who headed the procession on the 8 th , and MM . Giacomo Balbi and Raggi . Demonstrations had taken place at Savona . at Chiavan , and generally in the neighbourhood of Genoa . The monks , who were generally opposed to the Jusuitsin Piedmont ! signified their adhesion to the popular movement by illuminating their convents
in the most brilliant wanner . A petition to the king , for the institution < sf the National Guard , and for a qualified liberty ef the press , was prepared . A draft of the memorial had been submfttct ! to tbe municipal chiefs , thc syndics , and to the archbishop , for their signature . They individually expressed tbeir willingness to sign it provided it were previously forwarded to'Turin for tbe approbation of the king . The Archbishop < M . Tadini ) was reported to have said , 'I will sign it with the greatest pleasure , for I cannot forget that before being an ecclesiastic I have been an Italian . ' The document was accordingly forwarded to Turin ; :
Letters from Milan , of the 11 th instant , say that tbe popular movement which took place there on the 6 th and 9 th , had been quelled by the armed force . A notice had been posted in the city by the authorities , on the lOtb , warning aH persons who regarded their personal safety to remain at home . Patrols circulated through the streets on tbat day , and in the evening several persons in the piazza Fontana were wounded ; The acts of violence of tho soldiers have been directed chiefly against unoffending and unarmed citizens . ' 1 The worst offence chared against any one was having cried 'VivaPio IX ! ' On the 8 th one man was killed and 150 persons were wounded . ' m .,
A letter from Palermo , dated the 6 th of September , makes us better acquainted with the movement at Messina . Onthefirst of the month the officers of thc garrison gave a dinner in honour of General Busacca , who had just been promoted to the rank of brigadier-general . At that the plot manifested ltselt . The insurgents wiahed to make all the officers who were present at the banquet prisoner * , but by a fortuitous circumstance they were retarded in their attempt , and when they appeared to ^ surprise the officers thelatter had aUdeparted . . They found only General Busacca , who was getting into haceach . They fired several shots at him , and wounded hm severely in tbe neck and the shoulder , and mortally
wounded his servant . The coach of the general was pursued as far as the fort , but the troops , who had taken up arms ; repulsed the i assailants and drove them back with several discharges of grape shot . Theattack was conducted with the greatest resolution . The contest continued from six untu nine o ' clock at night , when theauthorities had the upper hand . At that time it was distinctly stated that there were forty killed , of which eight or ten belonged to the military ., Numerous arrests then looK place . During the disturbance a monk ran through ? he streets waving a flag , which , it is alleged , was , i-eoloured . Others were brought forward ; of rctt m \ green colours with a , yellow cross sprinkled j tn * stars . The people in fighting constantly cried , YiT , y liberty J -Viva ce wn # iinti . pa J Yfra PiUS
France. ,, Loms-Philippe Has Appointed H...
^^¦^^ WiilSWMigi ^^^^^^^^^^^ l . T ^ Trr ^ , ^* - ^^^^! ... ^^ ,. ^ .-, ^^ .. ^ - .,.. ^^^ - ^ . ;^^^^^^^ IX . ' Itias ^ d the c ^ nty ' was ' renewedioh the £ ~ L j r * Hyt '^ WMion ' ' the' troops ^ wereupon their ground ,, and : the insurgents tcould net hold their ground for a considerable : time . < . They 'fled into the country and | to the hills in the ' environs of Messina . ilJ £ fc * J ? W at Palermo that similar out-? w fl f t taken ? , aceat CataniaandSyracuse , and .. I au 7 l e raD J » ° communication had been inter rupted . between Swilyand Naples ; An insurrection at the same time broke out at Reggio , a town situated nearly opposite Messina .- At Kcggio aa officer was killed , as well asl 8 men belonging to the ' gam ; son , which will explain the successof the insurgents , ihe insurrection flasat thisnla ^ A vmMimVvWmI . nnA
green , and . it w stated that there figured it in n yellow cross ^ with stars anda mitre , andthis waved Mr twenty-four hours overthe town ; it did not disa ?? v a o ? $ l 1 tbe 8 team ve 8 sels . a « ived from Naples with 2 , 000 troops . This reinforcement having bsen perceived by the insurgents , they withdrew to the mountains . ¦¦ On the 6 th Palermo continued quiet , but the authorities took the greatest precautions . The troops were under arms all-night on the 4 th and 5 tb , and patrolled throughout the town . All the powder which was at the gunsmiths was taken posses ; sion of , and tho police on each of these days arrested persons . ' ' . ¦ ¦ . ' Letters from Naples of the 9 th say that a reign oi terror has commenced there , and that every dav sees new . victims consigned to the castle of St Elmo
. Numerous executions of soldiers of an artillerv regiment , removed from Sicily on suspicion of disaffection have taken place . It' was rumoured on Monday iii Pans that the Neapolitan troops had entered Ueggio after abrief engagement with tho insurgents , and immediately established scours prevotales ( eonrtsraartial ) , by whose decision 25 unhappy young men were condemned to death , and instantly shot . ; 'This statement , ' continues our correspondent ; has caused much pain and much apprehension in Paris . A letter from Messina , of the 6 th inst . ; quoted by ihs'Muvellists . de Marseilles , announces that the insurgents ' driven outof the city , stillmaintained themselves in the neighbourhood , and frequently attacked the advanced posts ' of the garrison . The population of
Melme . a town within 10 or 12 leagues of Messina , was said to havejoined the movement and seized on the citadel „ , -Finally , it was believed th ' at'Oastrogiovanni , a strong place in the interior of Sicily , had also raised the standard of revolt . At Naples the arrests continued . Amongst the persons now in custody were two editors of . tho Neapolitan Review , and a former officer of artillery . Report stated that the insurrection had extended to Apulia and the Abruzzi , and that Teramo , th « capital of the Ulterior Abruzzi , had hoisted the flag of independence . . The . following , receiv 3 d since the above was in type , shsws that the executions above alluded took place not at Reggio but at Messina . The Semaphore de 1 Marseilles o f the 18 th ins * ., contains intelligence I from Naples of the 13 th : The situation of the
kingdom of the Two Sicilies was becoming daily more alarming for the government . Insurrection was ' everywhere , audit was doubted that the King could rely much longer on ' the loyalty of the troops , ' ¦ '' although they had hitherto williriglycontributed to the repression of the revolt in Sicily . The King ' of Naples expects to be able to restore order by means of terror . The prevotal courts he has established at Messina and other towns have been instructed to show no mercy . All the insurgents taken with arms in their hands are to bs tried and immediately shot . On the 12 th inst ., twenty-five young men , between twenty and thirty years of age , belonging to all classes of society , were put to death at Messina . The populations of suspected localities were to be decimated . The account of those sanguinary executions had excited , at Naples , a general feeling of indignation and horror .
The NouveUiste de Marseilles announces that Reg . gio had been bombarded by a division of steam frigates . 'A great number of houses , ' says a letter addressed to that journal , ' have been destroyed , and many victims are buried under their ruins . The venerable bishop was obliged to implore ^ with tears in his eyes , the Count of Aquila , brother to the King , who commanded in person the bombardment , to suspend the work of destruction . The firing neverthelessidid not cease until long after the departure of the insurgents , who retired into the mountains . \ The Augsburgh Gazette says tbat the Italian tricolour flag ( white , red , and green , ) floats over Lucca , and that the city has adopted the motto' The independence and unity of Italy . '
RUSSIA . The National ' announces , on the authority of a German correspondent , that the . Emperor Nicholas has summoned all bis Ambassadors at foreign courts to meet him at St Petersburg . It would appear that some great movement is contemplated , ana that the Emperor has called his diplomatists to his presence to give them their final instructions . POLAND . :- ..-: TheCholbra — The Frankfort Jburnal . publishes a letter , dated Warsaw , 12 th inst ., which states that the utmost consternation prevails' in that city in consequence of the appearance of cholera at Kie ' w , and its rapid progress towards the west . The authorities were preparing hospitals and a lazaretto at Warsaw .
Marshal Oudingt, Dcke Of Reggio. —The Pr...
Marshal Oudingt , Dcke of Reggio . —The Presse publishes the following biographical sketch of the late Marshal Oudinot , Duke of Rcegio : — ' Nieholas-Oharles-Oudinot , Diike of Reggio , Marshal of France , ' Governor of the Invalided , Peer of France , Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour , Grand Cross of St Louis ,. Knight of the Holy Ghost , was born on the 2 nd of April , 1767 , and was cqmcquentlj 80 years , 5 months , and 11 days of age . Oudtnofc sprung from a commercial family of Bar , began hia military career at 16 years of age , in the regiment of Medoc , but in the year 1787 , at theentreatyof his father , he quitted the service . He entered the army again ^ ith ' m three years . In 1791 we find him major in the bravo regiment of the Volunteers of tlie Meuse , witliwbieb . he
delended tho fort of Bitcher against ' the Prussians in September , 1792 , and made 700 prisoners . lie was immediately afterwards appointed to command the regiment of Picardy . lie was appointed General of Brigade after the 14 th prairia ! of the year 2 . He marched on Treves , whieh he captured on the 7 th of August , 1704 , aud remained in command of the town . Oudinot was nearly cut to pieces by sabre wounds on the 18 th of October , 1795 , in anight attack , and was made prisoner . He ' was exchanged after a period . of five months . At the blockade of Ingoldstadt he received a gun-shot wound in the thigh and several sabre cuts on the arms and neck , lie was appointed general of division on the 12 * h of April , 1799 . He figured with that rank at Ulnr and at
Zurich , and subsequently aa -Maseena ' a principal aidede-camp , It was he wliobrought the account of the armistice of Treviso to Paris . In 1805 , he commanded tho grenadiers at ' the camp of Boulogne . lie entered Vienna 45 days afterwards , whence he marched to force the bridges of the Danube . Oudinot afterwards took part in the battle of Werthigen , Armstetten , and Juntcrsdorff , where he was . again wounded . He was covered with glory at Austerlitz . He was at the battle of Jena , and he entered Berlin on the 23 rd of October , 1806 , whence he passed into Poland : He gained the victory of Ostroleukaonthc 6 th of February , 1807 . Napoleon raised him to tbe rank of Count of the Empire , with a dotation of 1 , 000 , 000 f . ' Oudinot figured subsequently atthesieze of Dantzic , at Friedland , and at Tilsit . We find him Governor of Erfurt in 2803 . lie defeated
the Austrians on the 13 th of May ' , ' 1809 . " Ho covered himself with glory at Wagram ; He entered Vienna ;; and tbe Emperor created him a Marshal of / France . In 1810 he took possession of Holland in the absence of King Louis , who had quitted tho throne . Marshal Dulte of Reggio made the campaign of Russia and that of 18 W . After the restoration of the Bourbons , Louis XVIIE appointed' hint Colonel General , of Grenadiers ; and Gov ' ernbr'bf Metz . He lived retired during * the hundred days . In October , 1815 , Louis XVIII . appointed him Commander-in-Chief ; of the National Guard . of Paris , and decorated him with his orders . Marshal Oudinot made the campaign ' of Spain , in 1823 , captured and governed Madrid . The Marshal leaves one son , the Marquis Oudinot ; Lieutenant-General , Deputy Commander , of the Legion of Honour , and member of the Consulting Committee of Cavalry' : ' ¦¦ " : ¦ '
. .. ; ..,,... .,. Romantic Sroar . —A seaman belonging to the north of Scotland , eleven or twelve years ago , sailed from Liverpool in a British vessel ; which he left in tha West Indiea , and entered' on boariTa foreign ship . Thereafter he was entirely lost , sight of , and though matiy vague , rumours reached his friends , nothing satisfactory could be ascertained concerning his fate All doubts , however , have now been dissi- . pated by the unexpected appearance of the long lost one , in propria persona , and- -his long absence is sufficiently accounted lor by . the following story ^ htcb comes to us in an authenticated shape ; - ! Wbenihe disappeared he had entered the American brig Endeavour , which was dismasted in the Gulf of Mexico by one of the hurricanes so common in those seas ,
and the vessel , soon after filling with water , the crew were left entirely without provisions of any sort . For forty days they floated about , , supporting life and appeasing the demands of appetite ! by the horrible expedient of cutting up and . eating ; w bodies of their dead companions , till , in the case of his companions , exhausted nature pve way , and out of a crew of twenty ; ' he alone survived . - [ He was taken off the wreck in a state of iriscnsibilityyand carried ashore by a poor Indian ' fisherman , in . whoso cabin he lived for three months , slowly regainingstrCDgth On bisrecovorv heioineda party of sevenjBriuah
sailors , also shipwrecked on the coast , resolving te travel to the nearest seaport { m Texas ) of which they knew . On their route , however , they were , attacked and captured by a party of Indians , by whom they were stripped and compelled to undergo lnoreaible privations . Under this treatment four ottheir mtmber sank in less than eight months ; and after ^ witnessing the death by torture of two more , this individual , after the lapse of ten years , found means to escape , and has again appeared in this country . The same man was formerly a prisoner for a considerable time among the cannibals of New Zealand ; and also came through many hardships and adventure" in the Peruvian war of independence .
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The Woes And Borrows Of Ireland. To The ...
THE WOES AND BORROWS OF IRELAND . TO THE IDlToa OF THE HOBTHJ * H STAB . Dbab Sib , —It was truly pleasing , to read the reported speech of Lord Stradbrooke ( at tbe Annual Meeting of the East Suffolk Agricultural Association ) , in this day ' s Star ,, but h » w farmore pleasing would . It . be , if what be so strongly recommends , was carried into " effect . Knowing as I well do , from experience ; that the uncertainty * 6 f tenure In my own ill-fated country ( Erin ) is one of her greatest ills , as that , and that alone , lays my countrymen open to ihe chargc . of being idle , lazy , and slovenly , I am induced to pen the following , ; hoping it maybe productive of good .
,, Having travelled a large portion of that kingdom irith | tbelatelamentid Wm , Csbbotti Eeq ,, M . P , and that unpurchaseable and sterling democrat , Mr Patrick O'Higgins , of North Ann-street , Dublin , I bad an opportunity of seeing , in the vast majority of places , wbicb ' we visited , that there , we re premium s held out for idleness , and its concomitants , inasmuch as , if holdings were improved , or the . holders . improved their own appearance s ,. Increase of rent ' was ; t » e consequence or , perhaps , what would still be worse , ejection ^ to make room . for ' agents' favourites , or such as could pay a fine ; w ' bereas . tb ' ose wbo dragged along in the common routine , were unnoticed . . What would . au . Englishman ' s ' feelings be if , because he limewashed his house , put on a good coat , or kept bis children clean , or sent them to a
good , school , he was , therefore , considered able . to pay moro rent , and no alternative ltft but to pay , . or expulsion ! , ' I know Eiiglish working men well ; I have now struggled withthtin for years , locally and otherwise , and ' Ikn ' ow that there is not an intelligent one in this kingdom who would tamely submit to such degradation . But , if my poor countrymen do not submit , worse stftres . tnera in the face .. Again , I would ask , can any son of labour say he would bo active ^ were he . to work for twelve . or fourteen hours a day , and receive iii . or CJ . as wages ? In . the county of Tipperary , [ on tho E : trl of Derby's estate , we met a farmer who held tbirty-five acres for seventeen years , and who ; declared , that during that period he never tasted bread / unless when he wont to Limerick to sell the produce of tho farm , and that , there
yearly , wre changes making on the estate ; one Instance he related was , that the ; right < if bog was giveri to all the tenants until recently ; but at that time the agent was charging ono pound per perch . for the same , that is , £ 160 per acre .. This was confirmed by many of the . tenants . Some short time prior to visiting the said estate , there ' was a clearance effected of forty-Seven families , to make room , for a steward who came from Scotland .. These families were sent on shipboard to go to America , the greater part cf whom perished on the passage . ,, On ray Lord Stradbrooko ' g estate , in the same county ; I saw as much misery as on any other , consequent upon the inattention of the proprietor , and the rapacity of ogents , bailiffs , & o . Earnestly do I trust that hisLordshlp ' srecent words will be followed by acts , " and
extended to his property in Ireland . If so , I would not hesitate . to forfeit my life but his Irish ; tenants will be found active , industrious , and perieverinf , a * I never met one , in any part of that country , who bad even but one acre of laud in his own right , but who was , to a certain ' degree , comfortable ( if he were not a drunkard ) . The scenes witnessed during that tour would appear incredible had they been printed , as Mr Cobbeit intended . they should , under the title of the ' Woes and Sorrows of Ireland , ' though nothing was then penned but what was truth . Itself . Wby ; . this work nmr appeared , 1 cannot say exactly ; but I often thought that tbe facts then ascertained , were so strong against some of the landed proprietors ( who would fain , appear good men before the Enjlisli nation ) , tbat they by some means ( to
me unaccoantabJp ) got possession of these . papers , and prevented their appuaranoe . There were scenes unfolded which would make a Derby , a Clbnmel , a Strad . brooke , a Monteagle ( with all their titles ) blush . Such revelations would , I am certain , let tha people of England know more of the tyranny of Irish landlords than any bosk that was ever published . There are some honourable exceptions—men who . glory in the welfare of their tenantry , and , consequently , participate iu the blessings whieh they diffuse—but tbey are f-sw . I fondly hope , that even now something may be done , if landlords generally would but only act hs Lord Sirndbrookej recommends ; however , I must confess , that it would be a thousandfold more pleasing to me ( and , indeed , I love my native land !) , if a Feargus O'Connor . could be had to set a Land Company going there ., Then would the ' people know their own worth . Then it would be found that the Irish people are neither lazy , idle , dirty ,
nor slothful , tut on tbe contrary , that they are active , industrious , and persevering , if they ' get but a stake in the land of their birth . If our indefatigable chief , who has struggled for years arduously , and to a certain degree effectively , for tho working population , of England , Scotland , and Wales , would put his shoulder to the wheel , and set tho thing in motion , Idoub : not of its success His veriest enemies will not deny bis love of native land ; then let him but begin , and with such men as O'Higgins and O' 6-orman M . ihon to aid in it , there is little fear but kindred spirits will be found to assist in the glorious work . In my humble opinion , such a company ' would produce more good in Ireland for the toiling millions thereof , than all the societies got up by sham patriots for the last half a century . Believe mo , . ' Mr Editor , tlie people are getting heartily sick of the twaddle of the Conciliatian-hall plaee-hunting humbugs . Tours faithfully , Exeter , Sept , 18 , 1817 . IIibeenicus .
Jersey Affairs, . ' We Should Not Fly Fr...
JERSEY AFFAIRS , . ' We should not fly from ills we know To those we know not of . '
.. ;¦ TO THE ED 1 TOB OP THE NOBTDEBN STAB . . . ; Sir , — I should not have troubled you with this epistle had it not been for a letter - which appeared in your journal ftoxa ' an oWinbabUarit' of Jersey in answer to one of mine on the affairs of that island , lam Very glad to bear that tho Star is perused in Tories , ond aii tbe same time , I beg to be understood by Its readers there that I am , not opposed to reform , but I am opposed ' to Whig measures of that nature .- Although the present system of governing Jersey is . bad . enough , what can that island gain by such a reform as ' proposed by tho commissioners , whose report ' the Whigs will carry out to tbe very letter ! Every place created by that proposed reform , will bo . bestowed upon the hangers-on of the W | big 8 , who . will appoint Crown-paid judges , Crowhpald officers , & c , who-are to be supported by a tax on tobacco ( used in that iiland ) of 4 d , ' per pound , and tea ,
sugar / and all other , commodities used in that island : will , in time , come wider the same ban , until Jersey and the Channel islands , are overtaxed like England , It is to such , a system of reform as this that I am opposed . . But a reform that will do justice to Jersey must emanate from tbopcoplo for tlio benefit of the pcapla . Goi save the people of Jersey from the reform the immaculate Whigs would give them ! Before I conclude , allow me to draw the attention of' an Old Inhabitant , ' and'T . B . B . 'to the fact , tbat it is contemplated by the present goveraracnt , in the next session of parliament , to affix the red badge of serfdom upon their press , on nocount ,, they say , of the trouble tbs post-office officials aro put to ia sorting the number of the Jersey , newspapers that find their way into England . This pretence is all fudge . The real purpose in to stop , if possible , the dissemination ot liberal principles . ' To the winds , then , with Whig reform . '
I am , Sir , yours obediently , Westminster , T , It , E September 21 st , 1817 .
, ' Reported Mahriaob Of Thb Dukb Of . W...
, ' Reported Mahriaob of thb Dukb of . Welmnqtos with Miss Burdbit , dorms!—A correspondent infJrmsus tbat the reported marriage between the Duke of Wellington and Miss Burdett Coutts is likeiy to take place within a very short period—that the legal advieera of the illufitiittuaDiike and the wealthy heiress have been engaged for some weeks past in preparing the settlements , but owing to a difficulty which had suggested itself respecting the descent of the property , some delay had taken place in concluding the preliminary arrangements . The difficulty which is stated to have arisen proceeded from the expressed desire of the lady that the greater part of her fortune should be settled upon the heirs to the
title of the Duke of Wellington in perpetuity . This intention has been objected to by his Grace , who lias most distinctly stated his wish , that in the ultimate disposition of the money or any property that may be purchased with it , in ease ef the death of the Marquis of Douro without issue , and the issue of Lord Charles WeJIesIey becoming extinct , no interest ' shall be taken by any collateral branch of his family , including the heirs of his brother , but that his direct heirs only shall inherit or participate in the advantages conferred by the settlement . After much negotiation between the parties , an amicable adjustment of differences has been effected , and that , in the event of the direct line becoming extinct , the
property is eventually to be applied to an object intimately connected with the renown of the great wartior : —Sunday Paper . n ' Two Enohsu Whamrs Dbstroted in Davis ' Straus by ; , Jcbbergs . —We regret to have to announee tlieal ' oss of two large vessels employed in the Davis' Straits fisheries , one the Bon Accord , of Hull , COO tons burthen , Cap tain Lee , and the Alfred , 400 tons , of Bowness , with the most intonso sufferings of the crews . From the letters received by the owners it appears that the vessels were ilost within a quarter of a mile of each other ; on the same day , the 3 rd of last July , in 75 N ., haing ; crushed to complete
wrecks , between weoergs . it was , blowing , a com . plete hurricane at the time , with constant snow , and there was not the slightest chance of extricating them , the crew having to make a preoipilate ' retreat over the ice to escape death . The crews , sixty in number , suffered fearfully from the cold . They were driven about with the ice nearly a month before they were rescued . With the exception of three seamen they . were all saved , and ' . aro atpresent at Upperco ^ vick , awaiting a vessel 'to bring them to England . Thb fisheries in the straits have been exceedingly scanty this Reason . Neither of tho above vessels was insured .., A set of splendid trays , made of ' papier wacne , and inlaid with mother-o' -pearl , has bceti manufactured ia Lofton for the Pacca of Egypt . - !
;. Expl081oh.Of The Cricket Steamer,.;¦;...
; . EXPL 081 OH . OF THE CRICKET STEAMER , . ;¦;•<• : ? i-: ^« \ : ; . f , : ¦ : I- ¦ '¦ ¦ ¦ .. ' : ¦ ¦ : ¦ . -..,.,,. ... ¦'" At the adjourned inquest the following evidence wa » taken :-. ¦ > : ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦ - v : Henry Knight , of Battersea ; engineer ' * labourer : Some months ago I was Btbker on board the Cricket , sue * ceedlng'Edwards , I entered In April or May ) and remained six or eight week ' s . ' / Clark -waa engineer tbe irbple of the time . ' 'I never worked the machinery , not being sufficiently acquainted with it . ' I understand tho use of the safety valves . I believe there were four . I have seen the two lever valves work , and have seen them tied down . ' I have tied them down by Mr Clark ' s orders . This was done tvsry tlnie the boat got under weigh .
They were tWd wJtb'a five or seven yarn span-yarn . A loop was put over the levers , quite at the extremity , and passsed over the beam ; then I pulled the ropes as tight as I could , and fastened them to nails , which were firmly fixed in the beam . When the captain gave orders to ' Siatid by , ' I used to make it a rule to tie down the valves , so that no steam could escape . When Clark gave orders to tie down the valve * , he did not tell me the object of it ; nor do I know . When they were so tied * no steam escaped from the other valves , —the screw valves . 1 believe they wore screwed down . When I had tied the calves in this way , I always made a point to let go tho ' Jerry / and stir up the fire . . Clark ' s directions were general , that I should always doit ; and I thought it as necessary as stirring up the fire . Directly
wo got alongside the pier , each end , Clark used to como and se * thatI east offthe fastening from tho valves . The effect of tying the valves was that the steam , instead of being atferty , would be at eighty . I have seen this by the' gauge . This happened when we stopped two or three minutes at the pier , which was generally the case . The immediate ' effect ; of tying the valves wasto ' cause the steam tprbograduliy ; the pressuregot greater every moratnt . I never . had any instruction sb lothe height the gauge oiight to go . When the valves were tied , I have heard the steam hissing , aa though trying ; to escape . ' When ' ' the engine was not moving , the gauge . would stand firmly at eighty ; but when the ' engine started , it would move up and down , sometimes in abody , sometimes broken . Tl . h imitation would comiaue
till thepresiure was reduced by the working of the en . g ' ine , and then it would become steady again at SO , 40 , or 50 , according to the pressure . When the valves were tied , down , and tbe pressure , was great , vf ater would sometimes get into the gauge and mis with the mercury . One ' morning , after I had been in tho boat about three weeks , on preceding to light , tb » furnaces , I found tho waterall gone from , the boiler below the first row or * tuuef , although I bad fil ' ed , accerdipgjto my regalar rule » on thelprisetdiug ' night . The water had escaped tbYOUgb a split in one of tlio tubes , which opened when the boiler was cold , but was close when it was hot . I pumped for an hour and a half , and found that the water ran out as fast as Ipumped it in . I know of nothing to account for thi » . on the previous day , beyond the fact of the valves
being tied and untied as usual . ; This was on a Sunday morning . Ciark , wbo had acted as engineer , the day before , had gone to Greenwich . 1 went on' board the' Bee , and called ! Mr Buttress , who came on beard the Cricket , and looked at the tube . While he was there Clark came , and proposed causing the tube : Buttress recommended it to be repaired by ie ' rewing a bolt to it which , was done ' . ; It still leaked . a little on pumping in the water , but afterwards it got tight and sound . On another occast-n ( about four days or a week after ) another tube was in the same way ; it was not split , but leaked at tha joint which , fastened it to tbe . boiler . A ' fter I had pumped an hour Buttress name on board , und ' ^ ot two hands to help me to pump . Clark , was not tiicre then .
This injury was repaired by hammering round the tube . This was early in the morning-, before the steam was got up .. Buttress said , if Clark didnotcomein teii ' minutes , I was to rake out the furnaces . Clark came within tha time . Ball , who was then mate , assisted me ia pumping , as he had done on . several other occasions . I was told by Buttress and other engineers , that if Clark stayed ins the vessel , and continued the practice of tying up the valves , there would be an explosion before long . This determined me to leave , I did not tell Clark what bad been said tome . I left the boat about three weeks nftee these warnings . I once thought of reporting the conduct of Clark to Mr Meacham , at Mr Joyce ' s ; but I feared I should got'served out'in the same way as Edwards . I have seen Mr Smith on boird tho Cricket , thave seen
him a / t least twice in the engine room , talking to Clark , when the valves were tied down . I knew they were tied , for I had done it myself . I don't mean that Mr Smith was preseat when I tied them , I heard no conversation between Mr Smith and Clark as to the valves . 1 1 never spoke " to Mr Smith myself . Had any conversation passed as to the saftty valves , I should naturally have listened , knowing that ^ Clark was doing what was wrong . This was after the " other engineers had pointed out to ma the danger ! ef the practice ; but I was obliged to con . tinuo to obey Clark ' s orders , or I should have teen sent out of the engine-room . If I omitted to tie the valves , he would come and do it himself , and ask why I had not done it .. Sometimes I might forget to do it . He may have tied them down himself five or sir times . while I
was there . I was afraid of an explosion , or I should not have left the vessel . Had Mr Smith nnd Clark con . versed about tbe safety-valves , I think I should have heard it j but the engine was at work . When tbe valves were tied with yarns round the nails , the ends would still hang down , about a foot or so ; and this would ba the case when Mr Smiih was there . He could not well see the state of the valves or ropes withoutlookingnear , as it was rather dark where the-ropes were twisted round , and they were sitting iu a light place . He might sea tho loose ends well enough , w ! icb hung down in front of the boiler . There was one from each lever , and no other lope . There ras no pulley over the levers , for tho purpose of raising them by means of the ropes . After the conversation between Mr Smith and Clarb , nothing occurred as to the valves . I never beard Clark
say anything to any one about tho levers . I have known him take tho boat away , more that once , without any water in the'bottom cock . That Is very dangerous . I * was my duty to ascertain it . This has happened several times . When I have , told him , he has tried tho water , himself , and has still taken the boat away , ' The steam , pump was on , and , had he waited , the boiler would soon have been foil . He said he wanted to get theboataway , to get the other pumps into action , meaning . the pumpa attached to the engine , which work with the motion of tbe engine . Wh « i we got to the pier a * the other end , the water was , perhaps , no higher . The other engineers always stopped to get the water up . On Sundays , there have been a great many persons drinking in tlie engine , room , and strangers used to como to practice the engine * They h ' ava seen me tie the valves , A person named Winn has seen it .
Mr Gqttaeb Bocchis , John-street , Adelpbi , mechanist J I havb frequently been on board the Cricket . ' . The day before the explosion I determined never to go by her again . ' On that day the engine-room was : completely filled with steam , which had to be shut eff , " ajj ' d the boat was brought to ; a stand-still , I know nothing of tho cause . I did not go into the engine . room to make tn « quiry , lest I should exclto alarm among the passen ^« rsa There was r . o explosion , but the machinery suddenly stopped . Itwas about twelve o'clock , near to Waterloo * bridge . After the steam was . discharged from the funnel tbe boat went on ; the delay did not exceed hnlf a minute . \ ' , , By the Jury : The boat was rather long at tke pier before starting . There were 250 or 300 persons on b ' odrd . I did not notice whether the steam them blew off .
John Alfred Skinner , of Union-terrace , Deptford , en * gine-driver ; I have been employed In both the Ant and Cricket , as engineer . I was last on beard the Cricket , aa engineer , on a Saturday , when Mr Meacham was exnmin . ing the boat * . It was on the same day as the convtrsa * tion at the Fox which Buttress has spoken to . I then saw , what was very unusual , two pieces of spun-yarn attached to the levers ; and as the boat was in theactofi starling , . Edwards , then stoker , was proceeding to tie down one of them . I told' him not to touch that , bufr leave it alone to me . I then observed that the other was fastened down , and I loosed it immediately , Edwarde said he had orders from Clark to tle ' down the valves every time ho left the pier , and he made a practice of do * Ingso . He said if he did not do it Clark did it himself .
I said I would not have it done while I was in the boat ! He " said : ' I wish you were going to atop here altogether , for I expect that some day we shall forget them , and we shall all go up together . ' He said that on many occasions he had undona the -valves in the absence of Clark . woo had afterwards rebuked him , and tied them up again . The boat has been left several times , for days together to a man who had not boon six months at the stoking . I had a quarrel with Clark on the night of the conversation ot the Fox , and I struck him , I dare say half a dozen times . It bad nothing to do with the tvfmr of the valves , but related to the boiler . I did not leave till several months
after . Mr Meacham used to inspect the engines occasionally , but I think not regularlymore so last year than the pmtnt . He has come down , into theenglne-room , " where I was . I cannot give the datewhen I told Mr Poletti of the valves being tied , I ba . Sffff * b V > w-u « the practice continued , l ? iS £ « Ar < d . th > J * oneraan aid mentioned it to lfl ? 1 M ^ » asm « enuin , he would have listened to that man ' s statement , but he was discharged ; and that was the reason why I said nothing ; 'twas discharged because I did not . blow up the Ant . same asthc Orkkethas done . ( laughter . ) I was five years in her Majesty ' s service , and have driven the engines of
various manufacturers . From what I saw of Mr Joyce's engines , I think they would have worked well ; I saw nothing to elaunt me . The quarrel with Cleric ended with tbe blows I have spoken of . It parly arose through the affair of the valves being mentioned to Cl ' aik . He abused and swore at mo in the presence of about twenty gentlemon , The inquiry was then adjourned till ten o ' clock on Wednesday . ¦ ¦ . ¦¦ — --At the adjourned examination , Mr Thomas Lloyd was examined ; lam chief engineer and inspector of ina .
obinery in the navy . I have examined the machinery of the Cricket steam-boat . I first examined it on the second Mondsy after the accident . I have had a lew drawings prepared as illustrations . ( These Mr Lloyd laid before the jury . ) With regard to the engines themselves , I do not think many observations'necessary . They ore high-pressure engines , on ; the principle well ' known as Wolfe ' s . ~ The materials and workmanship were good . I thM H ftUthevahei had ' all been pro . perly in operation , the steam could not have ' accumulsted in the boiler to any dangerous oxtent- ^ -thatb , eupposing
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 25, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_25091847/page/7/
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