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Northern Star (1837-1852), 27th April 1850, Edition 2 of 4, Page 1, HUGH STOWELL AND MR. FOX'S BILL FOR A SY...

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    • ¦ ::"""' ""«« WordsareTxaiwind,. ; ; Actions speak tiie mind." : '.. ' ..-, « Wh»t is to he done for the people, most be done by the people. * :" . •' ¦ ;; ' ; ; ¦ ••" ' .- ._ :¦:.• • •
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      ¦ ::"""' ""«« Wordsaretxaiwind,. ; ; Actions Speak Tiie Mind." : '.. ' ..-, « Wh»T Is To He Done For The People, Most Be Done By The People. * :" . •' ¦ ;; ' ; ; ¦ ••" ' .- ._ :¦:.• • •

      ¦ :: """ ' ""«« WordsareTxaiwind ,. ; Actions speak tiie mind . " : ' .. ' ..-, « Wh » t is to he done for the people , most be done by the people . * : " . ' ¦ ;; ' ; ; ¦ •• " ' .- . _ : ¦ :. • •

      To The Oldgxtards. I"Kiekd3 A Kd Comra D...

      TO THE OLDGXTARDS . I " KIEKD 3 a kd Comra d es — The season is changing—the summer is coming , the mercury is beginning to rise jq the human thermometer . The whole country is now onebu ^ Mve—afltb ^ l ) ee B are Dazing outside , and the drones are buzzing in the House of Commons . Ministers base their power not more upon the disunion of the Peelites and the Protectionists , than upon the disunion of the people ; a disunion wjiich is now , I regret to think , becoming daily stronger , but

      vhfch , however , I feel confident , will be ] speedil y dispelled , and for this reason—because the working classes now are thoughtful and reflective , and can only be enlisted for the accomp lishment of their own objects , althoug h for a time they may be artfully disunited . 5 Iy friends , I have attended the meetings of ^ e yarhamentaryandFinanciallleform Conference on Tuesday and Wednesday , and I was happy to hear many of the speeches delivered there , because the energy and truthfulness of the speakers must lead the Conference to understand that the Chartist party

      are not to be catered for by mere clap-trap . jut . Fox , the memberfor Oldham— Lawrence Hetwoeth , the member for Derb y—and Geo e T h om son , the member for the Tower Hamlets—advocated veritable democratic and Chartist princip les . TheEov . Mr . TVoeeaix , Baptastminister ofBethnal-greenan eloquent and engaging looking young man —unequivocall y declared himself and the majority of the men in Bethnal-green—to be Tentacle Chartists . Alderman Scholeeield and Mr . AlcoCK , delegates from Sheffield , stated that the men of Sheffield had been deceived by the Reform Bill , that they were Chartists and were determined to remain so .

      , Ton may rest assured , Old Guards , that these announcements gave me no little pleasure , and the more especially as they were loudly cheered by a large majority of the Conferenca Mr . Bright stated , that it would be foolish and impolitic to contend for a more Democratic change than that sought by the Association , because , he said , it would alarm the timid . Row , if another man had made such an assertion he would have been laughed at And why ' ? because , if you propose to reduce the franchise by ten shillings , the timid , as a matter of course ; , would be alarmed , as

      they dread any change , because they do not understand the meaning of it ; but are the brave and energetic toiling millions % o remain in shackles and fetters , manufactured from the timidity of the idle and luxurious ? The Beforzn Bill , Catholic Emancipation , and Tree Trade were long deferred upon the same foolish grounds ; whereas , if a modicum of any of those measures had been seasonabl y conceded , the timid mi g ht have resisted the full growth of all for a longer period . The Catholics and the working classes were then

      creditors , and satisfied to receive an instalment from the Government , who were their debtors ; the Government , however , refused the instalment , and the creditors looked for twenty shillings in the pound ; they sued for it , and they thought they had obtained it when they accomplished Emancipation and Heform ; but , alas ! they were woefull y deceived , as neither Catholic or Protestant derived one particle of benefit from either Emancipation or Keform ; and upon this fact the Rev . Mr . TFoisKALt , Alderman Schoxeeield , and Mr . Alcock , truly based their argument .

      Sir Joshua Walmslet , and others , showed —and I think satisfactorily— -that the accomplishment of their object would add at least four millions to the present electoral body . Now , such an augmentation would afford irie no small p leasure—nay , delig ht ; while I feel convinced that , with even that constituency and Triennial Parliaments , without the Payment of Members , you would have as corrupt , if not a more corrupt , Parliament than yon have now—and I will tell you why : because you may rely upon it , that if that increased

      constituency was bound to elect members for counties p ossessing ^ 600 a year , and members for boroughs possessing £ 300 a year , and to hold office for three years , that those representatives—if not paid by you for their honest labour— -would take care dishonestly to pay themselves ; and , whatever the popular outcry mi g ht be against their injustice , they would hold the purse-stringa of the nation during the whole three years , and would then snap their fingers at you when , within that time , they had nestled themselves in snug offices .

      Old Guards , I think I hear some enthusiastic Eeformer exclaim , " A y , but the people would not let them . " Now , such was the very cry before the Reform Bill ; while the very first act of the Kefbrm Ministry was to destroy that strife and control which carried the Reform Bill ; and you may rest assured that , with Triennial Parliaments , no out-door power could ever effect a dissolution until the time had expired , and that all the butchering force of

      the country would be put into operation to suppress any antagonism to a system which enriched the most fortunate . Upon the other Land , if you had Payment of Members , even with Triennial Parliaments , I have that confidence in the sagacit y and integrit y of the working classess , to feel convinced that they would elect honest and upright representatives from their own order , who would never deceive them .

      Old Guards , if the selection of any portion of the Charter was left to me , I would prefer Annual Parliaments and Payment of Members to all the other points ; for , rely upon it , that noble lords , Government hacks , officials , admirals , generals , colonels , and men selling themselves for base lucre , will never consider any one single principle except that of selfishness . Old Guards , while I fearlessl y express those as my sentiments , nevertheless , as the new association has added "No property qualification" to their little stock , I entertain a strong

      and fervent hope , that your steadfastness to your own princi p les will induce them , erelong , to adopt the whoie hog , bristies akd all . Mind however , this must be done by argument and not b y violence , as the voice of knowled ge is stronger than the cannon ' s roar . Perhaps I mi g ht tickle your fancy better , and secure for myself more popularity , were I to create a regular flare up against this new movement ; but as I see the advantage of al

      lowing the jury class strictly to understand the objects of the working class , and as I wish you io have the advantage of their meeting rooms , and as I wish them to have the advantage of your knowledge and information , I should look upon myself as a hypocrite and a traitor , if I were to throw any , the slightest , obstaclein thenway , because when your trade gets bad , and when their taxes press upon themselves , and not upon yon , they 'll go to bed Reformers and ^ Chartists .

      As I must now be off to the Conference , I ^ c not time to write more . Tour Faithful Friend and Advocate , Feakgus O'Conjtok . P . S . —I omitted ' to state that every Memk-r of Parliament upon the p latform—and they were numerous—was invited to address tiie meeting , with the single exception of Eei bgus O'Connor . I wish it , however , to «* distinctl y understood , that I fully acquit Sir Joshua Walmsley , and the leading gentlemen of tbe Conference , of any desire to prevent me from addressing that bod y , as I am credibl y ^ formed that the hostility to me proceeded from tiie Business Committee , to whom -was committed the power of deciding who was to add ress the Conference . F . O'C .

      To The Oldgxtards. I"Kiekd3 A Kd Comra D...

      SOUTH LONDON CHARTIST HALL . The first meeting convened under the superintendance of the Provisional Committee of the National Charter Association , in this hall ,-was held on Moriday evening , April 22 nd , and was more numerously attended than any meeting held on this side of the water for two years past . Mr . Pattinson was unanimously called to the chair , and said , that night they , would not he called upon to support the Parliamentary Reformers , but to stand firmly by , and agitate for the " People ' s Charter . He could not understandfor the life of

      , him , if they expended " all their strength" in support of tbe Parliamentary and Financial Reformers , what use would it be " holding the Charter in view" when their energies were entirely exhausted . The resolutions to be proposed partook both of a political and social character—they were open to discussion ; and should any one have objections to offer , or amendments to propose , let them come forward , and , as far as he ( the chairman ) was conr cerned , he would do his duty in getting them a full and fair hearing . ( Hear , hear . ) He had much pleasure in calling upon Mr . G . W . M . Reynolds to move the first resolution .

      Mr . Reynolds , on rising , was greeted with prolonged cheering , and moved the following resolution : — "That , as the life , liberty , and property of every individual is , or may be , ^ affected by the laws of the land ia which he lives "; arid as every person is bound to pay . obedience to the same ; and as no man is , or can be , actually represented who has not a vote in the election of a representative , cannot be said to be fairly protected by the laws he is bound to obey—this meeting is of opinion that every man in this realm hath a natural and equal right to vote in the choice of a representative to parliament ; pledges itself not to give up agitating until the said right is granted to every man ( criminals , insane persons , and infants only excepted ) , together with the remaining points of the People ' s Charter . This

      meeting is also of opinion , that any agitation which will not give to others the same rights they claim for themselves , cannot be based on true and just princi ples—so that , while we refrain from factious opposition to any such agitation , we are , nevertheless , determined not to combine nor unite with any such party , conscientiously believing the same would end in disappointment and dissatisfaction to the most needy , and most deserving of the working classes . " Mr . Reynolds said , it gave him great pleasure to move that resolution , as he was for the " whole Charter , " and had but little sympathy for those who advocated * anything short of tbat measure . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Reynolds here reiterated his determination to move an amendment in the programme of the Parliamentary Reformers , at

      their Conference , which would commence to-morrow—namely , for registration , in lieu of taxationwhich would , if adopted , bring them to Universal , or Manhood Suffrage . ( Cheers . ) He intended , also , to add Payment of Members . He should do so , because he believed that any measure less than that embracing the six points of tbe Charter would prove injurious to the working classes . ( Cheers . ) [ At this moment Messrs . * J . J . Bezer , Bryson , Martin , Snell , Young , and others of the liberated victims came on the platform , and were welcomed by hearty and prolonged cheering . ] Mr . Reynolds said , if any justification was required for the step he was about to . take , they had it in the harsh treatment and the severity of the verdicts passed on those men who had just been liberated from prison

      —( loud cheers)—and he ( Mr . Reynolds ) believed that if n . less measure of Parliamentary Reform was obtained , the middle classes would turn round upon the working classes and say— *« This is a final measure , and if you attempt any further agitation you will be prosecuted ; we shall be the jury , and will convict you . " ( Loud cheers . ) The working classes now toiled almost day and night for a bare subsistence , and were scarcely thanked for their labour , and they were not unfrequently called' ' a mere mob " of "the canaille , " beings without either rights or privileges . ( Hear , hear . ) At a recent meeting , at the National Hall , he had spoken of their social rights ; the Times had seized upon his speech , evidently with a view io hold him up to scorn as a spoliator : representing * him as having a desire " to

      sell the estates of the rich , " when he knew right well that he had said ail changes must be made by Act of Parliament , and that as first steps under the Charter , he had recommended the Repeal of the Laws of Mortmain , Primogeniture , and Entail ; and tbat he had then said that parliament did now interfere with private property in the matter of railroads , quays , or wharves , granting compensation for the private lands and property it took for the benefit of the public , and he hoped the time would come when a government , elected by the people , would hold all the lands for the benefit of the whole people . ( Tremendous cheering . ) There could be nothing wrong in this , always providing that the present holders were duly compensated ; but if he or any one else were to advocate spoliation , he verily believed that he or they would be hissed

      from the p Lit form . ( Loud cheers . ) He must confess that he held it to be a wrong and a robbery for one to have superfluities , whilst another lacked the positive necessaries of life ^ and more especially so when the possessor happened to be a useless , indolent aristocrat . ( Loud cheers . ) He maintained that preaching Socialism , as well as Chartism , was only acting in accordance with the dictates of Common Sense ; it would be worse than useless to occupy time and means in advocacy of the Charter , unless the Charter led to the adoption of social rights . ( Hear , hear . ) Socialism meant finding employnent for the unemployed , food for the hunfry , and raiment for tbe naked . Socialism was orrified at the gross immorality and the mass of prostitution that prevailed in our streets ; and the numerous suicides that took place amongst those unfortunates , was a proof that such a mode of life

      was unnatural and most abhorrent to them . Where was the wisdom or patriotism of Parliament , -when they looked on and saw gaunt famine prevail in Ireland—when they daily witnessed scenes of wretchedness and misery which drove poor wretches to the poor-law bastile , and separated husbands from wives , and parents from their offspring . ? ( Hear . ) Tet did these rulers call themselves Christians , whilst they violated the fundamental rules of Christianity . ( Hear , hear . ) And here the genius of Socialism stepped in to perform its great mission of humanity ; and he conceived that no man could be their friend , who would attempt to stay its progress . ( Loud cheers . ) When they witnessed the enormous progress this principle vras making in France he was sure that they could come tO no other conclusion than that Socialism

      was a compound of sublime facts . ( Loud cheering . 1 Sure he was did Socialism prevail , rags and wretchedness would be chased out of existence . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Reynolds next reviewed the origin and progress of aristocracy , and asked was it wonderful that men so formed and trained , should be the deadly enemies of Chartism and Socialism , seeing that those measures would lay the axe to the root of tbeir tyrannicand oppressive privileges ? Then , he said , let them discuss the social subject , and when the Charter came—as come it would—( tremendous cheering)—Socialism would be the legitimate question . ( Hear , hear . ) The upper , and middle classes appeared to dread the increasing intelligence of their working class brethren , and were apparently throwing ' a small modicum of reform by

      way of a sop to stay their progress . ( Hear , hear . ) The working classes had been deluded in 1832 , and again on the repeal of the Corn laws . Hence , he said , stand staunch to principles , join the ranks of the National Charter Association , remember that every one of the members of its Provisional Committee are the advocates of pelitical and social rights . ( Loud cheers . ) Support their efforts , and give vitality to the veritable National Charter Association ; be firm and true , and political rigLi * and social privileges must soon be their s . Mr . Reynolds resumed his seat amidst rapturous applause . Mr . D . W . Rufft , in seconding the resolution , asked why he was there to-ni ght , seeing that he had retired from polities for some Tew years ? It was because the cries of his suffering fellow-men were greater than he could bear . ( Hear , hear . ) They owed those brave fellows who had just emerged from the bastile , and now stood on the platfornf a deep debt of gratitude —( loud cheers )—and which

      cetnougnt tney would best repay by convincing them that they were more determined than ever to gain their rights and liberties . ( Loud cheers . ) The resolution he held in his hand contained-the gems of great and glorious principles , princi ples which proved that when they came from their Creator they were free , and that the earth and its fruits belonged of right to all . ( Great cheering . ) He trusted tbat the working classes would not be frightened at any bugbear their opponents might put forward . ( Hear , hear . ) Socialism meant co-operation , and when the ¦ workftig classes could appreciate its blessings , they would co-operative for themselves . ( Applause . ) When the " workin" man had his p ittance doled out to him on Saturday nights he had to count it over and over again before he could tell how to spend it , so as to preserve an existence for the coming week , for himself } wife , and family . As regarded the sympathy of the middle classes , God help them I he had seen enough

      To The Oldgxtards. I"Kiekd3 A Kd Comra D...

      of that whilst performing the duties of Inspector of Weights and measures , for his district . ( Hear , " hear . ) If they required veritable sympathy land support , Jhey must look for it amongst their qVh order , and look neither ' to . middle nor upper class ; but band themselves together , determinedly bent " on obtaining their full rights and privileges . In their agitation , let them remember that the : comparative future in France ' had resulted from the ignorance of her citizens of their social rights , which caused the provinces to act against the capital . ; Then let them make themselves acquainted with their social rights ,, and . ' so long as they could useband j tongue , or pen , leathern never cease agitating uritil they were m full possession- of political rights and social privileges . ( Great cheering . ) 5 ii ;

      : Mr . J . J . Bezer was now introduced by the obaw ? man , and was , greeted with great cheering , i He said , he was a most grateful man . ' thejWhigs had been very very kind to him , ! and tie exhibited his gratitude b y attending the verVfirstChartist meeting after his liberation ; ( Laughter ^) His eightyrsix weeks' confinement had not reformed him , except it had changed his . mjnd a . little ; when he went to prison he thought his principles were right , but now he was sure they were . ( Cheers . ) , A . brother radical had met him coming to that meeting , and shook him cordially by the hand , arid asked him did he mean to cause the meeting to laugh ? : He hoped the meeting would remember thati although eighty-six weeks' incarceration had'not ' broken his heart , yet he could riot conceive that Newgate ' s sombre walls

      were ' calculated to enliven his spirits or make him gay —( hear , hear)—more . especially when he remembered he had left their honest uncompromising friend ( John Shaw ) immured within Us walla . He had heard , too , ( what should-he , as a loyal man , call them , ) wicked speeches . He was not a learned man , although he had been called to the bar—( laughter)—and when there , hjs learned brother , her Majesty ' s Attorney-General , had said , pointing to him ( Mr . Bezer , ) " The prisoner , has positively offered to sell Lord John Russell a pike—a pike , yes , gentlemen , a pike . " ( Roars of laughter . ) An , it was easy for them to laugh , but allow him to say it put all the old ladies in ceurt into a state of " Terroris extremis " . ( Increased * laughter . ) Well , he had told them that he was not : a learned man , but

      he had searched Johnson , Entick , and others , and had there found that a pike w as a fish , and of course , by a parityof reasoning , a fish was a pike . ( Laughter . ) Well , as they all knew he was a City merchant , he dealt in fish , and , of course , merchant-like , wished to have the patronage of the first Minister of the Crown ; but instead of giving him ( Mr . Bezer ) an order for the pike , he hadg iven him an orderfor the "Stone Jug . " ( Laughter and applause . ) When there , he had been visited by the magistrates ; one in particular said : — " Oh , you are Bezer—you are a fool—I don ' t pity you—you not only getoourself into trouble , but you endeavour to get otRrs into trouble by your talk—ah , 'twas lucky for you that you did not attempt to march from Kennington

      Common , for I suppose you were there , or you would all have been annihilated , for I had command of the bridges ; one did come roaring out , I am a Chartist—brandishing his stick—I took it from him and threw it into the water ; can I do any thing for you ;? " Yes , he wished to see his wife— " for what reason ? " Because he was a husband and father . ( Loud cheers . ) " Oh ! that ' s no reason . " Four times had this " Commander of Bridges" visited him and repeated the same tale ; but he hoped the meeting would not think the " Commander " was Mr . Alderman Farebrother . ( Loud laughter . ) He trusted he was addressing three parties merged into one ; viz ., Chartists , Socialists , and Republicans ; and he conceived that any one who attempted to create disunion was a rascal . He knew he

      was not speaking much to the resolution ; but since he had been out of prison he had not seen many papers , as he had been busily engaged looking after home and his family . ( Cheers . ) He knew they were called queer names sometimes , but some how or other , they possessed natural affections notwithstanding , but he trusted for the future to make amends ' . Mr . Bezer then called for three cheers for John Shaw , which were heartil y given , and resumed his seat ' geeaily applauded . ; Mr . Sinn said , he did not stand there to oppose the resolution ; he admired the Charter , and had been a member of the National Union of the Working Glasses , from whom some of them , had sprung . , The chairman had intimated that the Charter League was going for the little Charter , leaving the People ' s Charter in perspective ; but no one had ever said so . He and the Charter League contended ,

      that Chartism would be facilitated by anything the Parliamentary Reformers might gain . ( Oh ! oh ! and laughter . ) He believed , that if the Parliamentarians gained what they were seeking that the Charter would follow in six months . ( Oh ! oh ! Laughter , and derisive cheers . ) Why , those who were admitted to the franchise now must be of the poorer classes , as every person paying four shillings and sixpence per week rent now , could have the franchise if they liked . ( No , no . ) Working men might even improve their sanitory condition , by taking £ 50 houses conjointly—each apartment of the clear value of £ 10—giving the vote . -Again , that portion of the middle classes called shopkeepers , were interested in the working men getting better wages . ( Shouts of derisive cheers and laughter . ) Why , would not they have more money to spend with them ? ( Derisive cheers and laughter . )

      Mr . Elliot said he had been opposed to ^ Parliamentarians from the first ,-believing as he did that the middle classes lived entirely on what they wrung from the industrial class . ( Cheers . ) Hence he called on all to join the National Charter Association . Let those who produced all be firm , and stand together ; and , whilst they support tailors , shoemakers , printers , & c , in their associations , still keep puskingon wards , and , depend upon it , home colonies would follow . ( Cheers . ) The resolution was then put , and carried unanimously .

      Mr . StalIiwood rose to move tbe second resolution as follows : — " That this meeting is of opinion that a government fully possesses the means to carry out the organisation of productive labour , not only so far as regards the production of property , but also to guarantee to the producers a fair share of such production ¦ and this meeting pledges itself not to lose si g ht of so important a question , but to agitate and discuss the same , so that in the event of a government being elected on the principles of pure democracy , the question may he fully understood , and speedily put into practice . " Mr . Stallwood said lie was most happy to propose that resolution . The political one had preceded it , and was the " means ; " the one he now proposed was a social one , ' which was the " end . " His friend ( if

      he would permit him to call him so ) Mr . Side had said he had belonged to the National Union of the Working Classes . He ( Mr . Stallwood ) had also belonged to that body . This being so , Mr . Side had then been a political and . social reforriier , as the declaration of rig hts embodied in the rules of that defunct association would show ; -and he ( Mr . Stallwood ) hoped Mr . Side would soon retrace his steps , and be again a social as well as a political reformer . ( Cheers . ) It seemed somewhat extraordinary to him how Mr . Side could have fallen into so many errors . He had told them that " any occupier of a house , of the clear yearly value of £ 10 , could have » vote if he liked . " . Now , he ( Mr . Stallwood ) would like to possess a vote ; yet , although he rented a house of the clear yearly value of £ 10 , hehad not , or

      I could not , under present circumstances , obtain the vote . —( hear , )—and his was by no means a singular case ; no person who resided either in Fulham , Hammersmith , Kensington , or Chelsea , could have a vote , unless possessed of the county qualification . ( Dear , hear . ) Again Mr . Side had ; said , houses of . £ 50 a year rent , could be taken conjointly , and each clear £ 10 would give a vote . Now it was known that with the exception of places let out as chambers , landlords would not let houses in the way described , hut simply to individuals , and if the landlord resided on the premises , why his residence , as had been decided over and over again , damnified the rights of all the lodgers . ( Hear , hear . ) Than Mr . Side had asserted that the middle class shopkeepers were interested in the workmen getting better wages , when it was . a well known fact that the workman got as much as he rould for his labour , and the employer gave as little

      as possible ^ ( Hear . ) Besides , did not common sense now say to the workman—you have worked long enough for others , co-operate , and divide the whole ' -pronts arising from labour amongst the producers ? ( Cheering . ) Mr . Stallwood then gave a " description of the reception of the working classes at a recent : Parliamentary and Financial Reform dinner ; shewed the difference between the little and great Charter ; illustrated the progress of socialism as evinced in the progress of the tailors , shoemakers ' , printers ' , etc ., etc ., co-operative sockties , and urged them onward in the good work . Mr . Stallwood resumed his seat amidst great applauses •''¦ - ; Mr , milnb , in seconding tlio resolution , said it contained the great and all-moving principle of social reform —( hear , hear)—and he believed , if they , once got a taste of the blessings of co-operation , it would make them better Chartists , as they would have the vote to ' protect it . ( Hear , hear . ) A ' gen-

      To The Oldgxtards. I"Kiekd3 A Kd Comra D...

      tian in that hall , at a preceding meeting had said . The Charter and something more . " What more ? He apprehended b y this time the gentleman comprehended the something ' more meant social rights . ( Loud cheers . ) . ^ Foreign politics had been deprecated , but" foreign politics had taught him much ; he had seen how matters stood in France from a want ofthe knowledge ofsocial rights , and he had determined to do his best to prevent such a catastrophe here . ( Loud cheers . ) The resolution was then put and carried unanimously . .

      ^ Messrs . Bishop ' , Bentley , and other friends from the City locality , came forward and sungthe "Marsellaise , " amidst rapturous applause . ^ A vote of thanks was given by acclamation to the Chairman ; . three cheers were g iven for Ernest Jones , and the other victims now incarcerated ; fthree cheers for , the Charter , and our social c rights . £ 16 s . lOd . was collected at the doors as the meeting broke . up ,. and we learn that a gentleman also presented 10 s . on the platform . Thus peaceably , thoughi joyously ^ ended the ^ first and most enthusiastic meeting convened by the Provisional Committein Soutb / Londorii- ; -- ¦' : * — ' ¦ ' = . " - ' ; - ;* : ¦? . . ¦

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      ° ^*®& M & iMEETJNG . Aft . JHEr'JOBN A STR ^ PnrST !^ UT ^ 6 ^^ N ^ t % ALFg . dE THE INCARCERATED ' ' POLITICAL ^ 10-\ TIMS , t ) ONVENEB-BY ' ; THBfrPROVISIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . : Tuesdayj evening , April 23 rd , having been set apart for ' the victims , at an early hour the Hall was filled to overflo fling . , - Mr . J . Arnott , was unanimously called to the chair , and briefly ; opened the proceedings by announcing that thirteen of their liberated brethren , who had passed the fiery ordeal , were restored to

      ( hem , and now stood on that platform . ( Immense cheering . ) H < $ would call on Mr .. Ruffy to move the following resolution;— "That this meeting is of opinion that imprisonment , or any other punishment , fer the expression of political sentiments is a gross violation of that freedom of speech , which is one ef the recognised rights of the people ; and this meeting is further of belief , tbat it is the duty of the people to labour unceasingly for the liberation of their friends , and the abrogation of those unjust enactments under which they were imprisoned , with the view of preventing future outrages upon the right of public discussion . " . '

      Mr . Ruffy said , they were there to-night to protest against , a government illegally constituted . They were there to protest against the harshness with which their brethren had been treated . They were there to protest against the violation of justice that had been committed ; and they were there to bear witness to the heroic virtues of their liberated brethren . ( Great cheering . ) He believed there was not a iriend to justice or freedom hut would agree to that resolution- They met in that Hall , night , after night , to discuss remedies , simply because they found their fellow men oppressed , and nearly destitute of the , requirements of life . ( Hear , hear . ) Last night be was informed that a gentleman was

      lecturing in that Hall on arts and sciences , connected with what was termed the great exposition of in * dustry for 1851 . He thought the greatest of all science , was the science of government . Now , could he have his way , he would have a space in the building set apart , and call it the Ark of Government ; in . the centre of which ; he would have placed a certain little lady ( of course he did not mean the Queen of these realms , ) surrounded by all the tinsel and gew . gaw of the Court , and place over the bead of the wax figure a large label , inscribed with the cost per day , which , summed up , makes per annum the gross total of £ 385 , 000 . True , he should be at some loss to describe the figure represented by the model .

      Perhaps it would not be appropriate to designate it " chief creator of . sinners . " Immediately opposite , he would have the model of a prince , ( a foreign one of course , ) with his cost £ 30 , 000 per annum , labelled conspicuously , and his desi gnation should be " second chief , creator of sinners . " . Facing these he would have placed a distressed needle woman , whose hard toil was requited by 2 § d . per day . In another corner he would have the bench of Bishops , with their crosiers , mitres , and lawn , inscribed with " cost ten millions per annum . " ( Hear , hear . ) Facing these he would have placed some of the unfortunate creatures driven to prostitution , and over these he would have placed a label , " effect of State

      Christianiiy . " ( Loud cheers . ) Again , facing these he would have a picture of contented workmen , following rational employment—wives and children in back grounds—with school rooms , pleasure grounds , libraries , & c , and , as a companion picture , he would have men , women and children , free from care , with pleasure and wisdom depicted in their countenances , happiness reigning in their bosoms , revelling on the green sward in their leisure hours . Over these he would have inscribed , " Socialism as it shall be under the glorious rule of the People ' s Charter . " ( Immense and long continued applause . ) It was now something like twenty years since he

      commenced in the movement , and he had seen little or no real progress , and it was time that they commenced to do something practical : this could only be effected by the discussion of their social rights . ( Hear , hear . ) Social rights would bring the land back to those to whom it naturally belonged , viz ., the whole people . ( Loud cheers . ) How came it that those men , who were just liberated , had been confined ? Simply , because they attempted to awaken the feeling of the people to a sense of their just rig hts . He had very great pleasure in submitting tbat resolution to their consideration . ( Loud cheers . )

      Mr , T , Brown , in seconding the resolution said The principal purpose of their meeting to night was to memorialise the government for the release of those political prisoners still in confinement , and whose treatment was most scandalous , and which was a clear Judication that the Chartists had not done their duty . ( Hear . ) Some of those men recently liberated , had , for the cause , sacrificed home , friend ? , employment , etc ., and one or two of them were in that most unenviable position of having no home to go to , —( bear)—whilst from the long absence of husbands and fathers , some ofthe homes of others were reduced to be nearly as desolate as tbe gloomy cells from which they had

      just emerged . ( Wear , hear . ) He , thought it their duty not only to send one but many memorials . ( Hear hear . ) He had heard expressions fallfrom noble . ' , lords much stronger than any for which Bezer and others had been convicted , which clearly proved it to be a party affair . ( Hear , hear . ) The men had been treated most harshl y in prison , and it was high time that they aroused themselves on behalf of their incarcerated suffering fellow men , ( Cheers . ) Beit remembered , that those men were not virtually criminals , theirs were only political crimes , and insuch cases what were denominated as great crimes and misdemeanours to day , were extolled as great and most heroic virtues to-morrow . ( Lond cheers . )

      The Chairman now introduced Mr . J . J . Bezer , one of the liberated victims , who was greeted with a most rapturous welcome . He said : On the 28 th of July , 1848 ,. 'he ' ; was on the platform of the Miltoh-strcet Institution , but at the same date in 18 A 9 , he found himself in quite a different place . And why ? because he had spoken freely , and ho meant what he then said . ( Hear . ) He recollected one sentence ho had uttered , to the government reporters ; it was— " They were there , not because he feared the government , but because the govern * meht feared the uneducated costermonger , "—( great cheering)—and hiSHsaying had been verified ., when brother Shaw got biit'ho should have a tale to tell them . ( Three cheers was called for , and heartily given , for John Shaw . ) On the occasion some of

      his friends had advised him to go out of tho way , and he-had taken himself to Highgate ; onl y five persons knew where ho was , and one of them had proved a Judas , by selling the secret for sixty pieces of copper—yes , for five shillin"s . ( Hear , bear . ) 'Well , 'he " was arrested , tried , as it was called , " and convicted ; of course ; and what was ho charged with ? Why , conspiring against Her Majesty , her crown , and dignity . ( Laughter . ) Now , really , he had never mentioned the little lady ' s name ; , but he had told , the . people , they—the producers of wealth-were .. respectable ; of course this was seditious—truth and sedition being synonimous terms . " ( Loud cheers . ) Well , he was now out of prison , in mind and princi p le a wiser man than when he went In , '—( cheers)—and to use a lady s expression-. " He was as well as could bo

      °^*®&M&Imeetjng .Aft.Jher'jobn A Str^Pnr...

      expected , "—( laughterpitad ; so ho ought to be , considering that . in eig hty-six weeks he had swallowed , upon a fair computation ,: three hogsheads of skilly . ( Laughter . ) Well , it appeared that Popes ran awayj Kings had their whiskers shaved off , —( laughter)—an'd stand ye firm , for tho poet has written"Mitres and Thrones from this world shall be . hurled , And Peace and Brotherhood through the universe prevail . Bronterrk O'Brien was next introduced amidst applause , and said , the first tiling he had to do was to congratulate them . on having a baker ' s dozen of the liberated victims present—( loud cheers)—and it was a great pleasure to know that they had come

      out better men than they went in . It was . pleas : ing to know that persecution and imprjspnraent had failed in damping their energies for the People ' s Charter . ( Cheers . ) Their friend Shaw , and their gallant young friend Ernest Jones , and , the , other martyrs , were imprisoned for their excess of virtue . Free Traders had attended meetings—made speeches —and murder had ensued but'thbse ' men : had not be eh '' treate'bVas Ernest a Johes ^ was ; ' . and why ? ~ because tha £ patriot had been- tried' by a Whig foyerhmenti'ahd middle ' . ofis & YMpi ^ [ e <( Mr . , 0 ! Brien )' waaiaSmanvwhi ) . could see far ; 'tefothetfatu ^

      that kings : had had their whiskersH ^ hayeaToff ^ arid he prophesied their heads would follow their ' whiskers . ( Loud cheers . ) He thought that violent speeches ( although he did not anticipate any ) would injure , not benefit , their cause . It was not only necessary thj $ the twelve hundred persons present should be up to the mark , but also the floating millions out of doors , and how to get atthese men was a subject worthy of consideration . , He would ) most respectfully and deferentially callthe attention of Harney , Vernon , and their other friends , to the matter , with a view of finding a remedy . Oh ! he wished he could show them a letter from their

      friend Leyne in Paris , ' addressed , to the Irishman , in which he asked his countrymen not to confine themselves to Universal Suffrage , but to direct their attention to their social rights ., ( Cheers . ) And he wished he , could induce his and their friend Harney to say what he meant by that ¦ ' . ? something more " than the Charter . The . National Reform League had endeavoured to explain what it meant by social rights . Its members had issued seven resolutions , which resolutions would be stereotyped in Manchester , Glasgow , and London . So much confidence did the friends ofthe Reform League place in the principles contained in those resolutions , that they had resolved , if possible , ; to get thirty millions of them distributed in Europe —( loud cheers)—fifteen millions of them on the continent . His wish was that those resolutions should be discussed as a means to obtain social rights . He wished his and their friend Harney would lend his assistance in inducing his continental friends to translate and circulate the

      principles of those resolutions , placing thern in the , hands of those who are now actively engaged preparing the mighty future . ( Great cheering . ) Anybody mi ht make a profession of Chartism or Republicanism . Even Louis Napoleon called himself a Republican ; and well he might , seeing that the Republic bad given him six millions of votesthereby making him tho first man in France , whereas nature had made him the last . ( Laughter , and cheers . ) Mr . O'Brien concluded by making an eloquent appeal to the meeting to g ive liberally to the Victim Fund , seeing that the victims had sacrificed so largely for them , and resumed his seat much applauded . Mr . W . J , Vernon said , he felt much p leasure in supporting that resolution , especially as he found himself—right and left—surrounded by those who had recently been liberated from prison . ( Hear . ) He contended that punishment should never be inflicted unless it had a tendency to prevent a

      recurrence of the crime for which it was inflicted . Well , just suppose that in 1848 they , had attempted to overthrow the government , the only punishment justice and wisdom would have inflicted , would have been an attempt to . convince the insurgents of the error of their , ways ; but nothing of the sort had ever been attempted , ' but recurrence to brute force had been freely indulged in . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . O'Brien had said , all the men had come out better Chartists . Speaking from his own experience he said , they had all come out much more than Chartists , and this would ever be the case ; where brutality was practised it never could induce love , but must engender deep and deadly hate . ( Hoar , hear . ) As the only piece of advice he was likely to offer Sir G . Grey , in a civil way , he said , try kindness , and if that failed give up the point . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . O'Brien had asked , what was meant by something more than the Charter ? and had commended seven

      resolutions issued by the Reform League . He ( Mr . Vernon ) had not seen the seven resolutions , but would make it a point . to do so , and consider them minutely , and if he found them to contain a full measure of social rights , he would do all in his power to circulate them and insure their adoption in practice . ( Cheers . ) What he meant by something more was , in plain terms , " that the producer of wealth should enjoy thMull measure of such produce . " ( Loud cheers . ) The resolution was then put , and carried unanimously .

      Julian Harney , who , on coming forward was received with graat applause , said : He . should consider it out of place to say much on any other subject than the one pointedly before them , viz ., that of the memorial he was about to propose on behalf of their incarcerated brethren . ( Hear . ) But , nevertheless ,. he would say , in reply to the observations of Mr . O'Brien , that his ( Mr . Harney ' s ) " something more" included the seven excellent resolutions of Mr . O'Brien , and still something more . ( Great cheering . ) He then read the following memorial-To the Right Hon . Sir George Grey , Her Majesty ' s Secretary of State , this Memorial , adopted ata Public Meeting , held at the Literary and Scientific Institution , John-street , Fitzroy-equare ,

      Sueweth that the memorialists have experienced great satisfaction from the exercise of the Government ' s clemency in liberating from prison some of the ' persons who , in the year 1818 , were convicted of sedition , and other political offimces . They deplore , however , tli ' at the Government has not extended the same humane consideration and mitigation of punishment to others , ivlio still remain in penal confinement , inconsequence of convictions on similar charges . Tho memorialists , therefore , earnestly and respectfully entreat the Government , to enlarge tho sphere of their mercy , and to restore to liberty Ernest Charles Jones , Joseph J . J . Fussell , John Shaw , I ' eter Murray M'Douall . Francis Looney , and the others now suffering imprisonment in various gaols in many parts of the kingdom , for the expression of their political opinions . The memorialists beg leave to give the assurance that by restoring these men' to their homes , the Government will secure to ¦ themselves the gratitude of their families and friends' the esteem ofthe humane , and the approbation of the great body of the working classes . j

      Signed on behalf of the meeting , John Ahnott , Chairman . A gentleman in . the body of the meeting asked why the name of Mitchel Was not included in the memorial ? JuiJAN Harney replied that the memorial was founded on the liberation of their friends on the platform , but he begged to say that they had not forgotten the glorious patriot MitehoJ , and he and his colleagues would at any time work with thoir Irish brethren to obtain tho freedom of that heroic man , and the other noble spirits who are suffering for ther devotion . to long oppressed Ireland . ( Much applause . ) . [ Press of matter compels the omission of Mr . Harney ' s speech . ] Mr . Walter Cooper , on being announced , was

      greeted with a most cordial welcome . He said he thought the best thing he could do at that-late hour was , simply to second the resolution and resume his seat . ( Loud cries of " Xo , no . " ) . Well , then , he would say a few words . Their friend Harney had alluded to their late and respected friend , Henry Hetherington , who sometimes entertained them with an anecdote of a farmer who called his poultry together , to ask them what sauce they would like to be eaten with , at which they clapped their wings and cried "bravo , " with tho exception of a young cock , which Mr . Henry Hetherington called the Chartist cock , and he declined to be eaten at all . " Ah , " said tho farmer , " that ' s not the question . " " Yes , " said the cock , " that ' s the vital question to me . " ( Loud cheers . ) It was too often the way with the people—that they often cheered before they

      knew what they were cheering for . Tho people sought justice , which all the privileged classes of tyranny could noror entiroiv eradicate from their minds . ( Loud cheers . ) He had-often been amused by the cries of the party of " Order and Religion , " put forward to excite and prejudice the minds ofthe people against progression . First , they had ' Jibe Church in Danger , " but this had become stale , and the people would no longer rallv to it . Tbe second was , "The Throne in Danger , '' this had . proved very powerful . Tho judge who had , tried Thomas Muir , had said—? ' Tho English constitution was the best that over was or ever would be established . " . However , they did not think so . Well , -another cry was ' " . Family , Property and Order- ; " this was taken up in France , and was finding its way here .. Famil y was quite right , everybody fclt affection for tho human family ; but he maintained that none had a

      °^*®&M&Imeetjng .Aft.Jher'jobn A Str^Pnr...

      rightvtd ' surround'theniselves hy such circumstances as would enableone family to swallow up tho blood and marrow of other families . Mr . Cooper here quoted- a paragrap h ; frbm' i 0 tie : 0 ^ Mr . James s novels—showing thatr . there , was . but little difference between the kings of the earth and those of merry Sherwood , except that the Robin Hoods were the best . This very appositep ' arngrap h elicited the most hearty applause . He did not think " it right , inorder to keep up familyrthat the ' Duke of Bedford should' hold'lands ; given him for "dubious services , by Henry VIII ; which , by-the-bv , Henry had n © right to—property in-this case' being robbery , and he no where found history relating any great talents the original Bedfords ever possessed . ( Hear , hear . )

      This question of property might be very well , but who could show God ' s handwriting ' for a single acre ? What was property ? All besides land was the result of labour , and , therefore , Proudhon was not far wrong , when he said property was theft . He held that the Nazarine and his disciples were quite right in declaring "That he who would not work neither should ho eat . " ( Great applause . ] When he was asked what he meant by "the Charter and something more , " ho distinctly said—he meant God ' e earth for God ' s creatures—propertj for those . who produced it ! ' ( Great cheering . ) It was cant and humbug to tell the people they were intelligent when the ^ are not . "' He : gloried is Bronterre' O'Brien telling them that much required to be done in the way of instruction . A better il <

      lustration of this could not be given than the know * ledge , that a body of boot and shoemakers hadSeetf , on the strike , keeping their men out of work for ' a long time , at a cost of £ 350 , and , now they we < fl obliged to go to their work worse men than when , they left it . ( Hear , hear . ) Another . ; b 6 dy of the same trade was about to follow th 6 lr example .. Why waste capital ' and labour thus ? why not work for themselves , arid have all"tW profits ? Why . with- the same , amount ' of ; capital ; "the ^ tailors bad rescued a ^ umbe ^ p f their feUowf from . pbverty and wretcb ' edn % ^ , r OTd ; l ^^ Two branches of woemaker ? h # ; done . ; the same- ? the needle ^ Yromej ^ a ^ th $

      - mmw /> , wej ^ mee ^^^^ wwy cduld ' effeelfa HimilaKofeec | % HBM : cheer 8 , ) ; ¦ - . ' '^ IS ^ mmMm ^ W ^ Mmfii ^ y ^ iiitB ^ go the iflhrist" iofm ^^^ KaoV ^ A ^^ W- ' - ' ^ i f Fr « f terhity ; but the'Pharisees 6 f that'day shouted out , "away with him—crucify hiim- ' Kienzl had found men ignorant enough to ; persecute him ; and even at this day Ernest Jones was being tortured outO existence . This true poet of labour had thought , when Rome threw off her Pope , that Englishmenthe defendants of Hampden and ; Milton—would have been prepared . He had hoped that the spirit of Leonidas still prevailed , but misery and degrada ? tion had done their work ; the people in by-lanea and back alleys had fallen a prey-to priests , who preached of gods . of wrath , and of hells . of torture as though they were the devil ' s own salamanders

      but the day would come when thrones and aristo * oraeiea . would , no longer hang as . millstones about their ' hecks . . ( Loud cheers . ) ' ¦¦ ' : t The memorial was then put , and adopted by acclamation . Mr . Harne , in moving a vote of thanks to tufi Chairman , passed a high eulogy to the memories Of Williams and Sharp , and made an eloquent appeal on behalf ofthe Williams and Sharp Widow and Orphans' Fund . The vote of thanks was . carried by acclamation . Three cheers were then given for "Ernest Jones , three for the " Charter and Social Rights , " three for the candidature of" Eugene Sue , " and the meeting then quietly dispersed . Four pounds ten shillings were collected at the door , and several members enrolled in the Associa * tion .

      Hugh Stowell And Mr. Fox's Bill For A Sy...

      HUGH STOWELL AND MR . FOX'S BILL FOR A SYSTEM OF SECULAR EDUCATION . TO THE EDITOR OF IHB NORTHERN 8 IAR , Sir , —I am constrained to address this note to yOH in consequence of tho disgraceful conduct of tne Stdwell party at the Free Trade Hall on Tuesday night , April the 16 th . For five days the walls were placarded with an announcement that a public meeting would be held in the above Hall to adopt a petition against . Mr . Fox ' s motion , calling on the government to reject that motion : admittance by ticket only . ^ 0 seeing this , those opposed to Mr . Stowell ' s scriptural education , and in favour of Mr , Fox s bill , commenced running for tickets . Before Saturday , at seven o clock , upwards often thousand tickets were distributed , and the Stowell party had not any left for the supply of the Sunday schools

      and churches . So says the Stowell party , we must alter this or wo are done ; we must have another set struck off , alter the type a . little , and set up a cry that there are forged tickets abroad , as a pretence to exclude all but our own party . The meeting was announced for seven o clock , but before half-past six the streets round the Free Trade Hall wore so crammed that itwus a difficult matter for the coaches and other vehicles to pass , and tht doors were opened long before the stated time When the doors were opened out rushed a numbff of police , —I should say there could not be less thai , eight at every doorway , —who commenced examin ing the tickets ofthe parties as they went in so that they could pack the meeting with their own sort :

      and to a great many was put the question , " aTfl you favourable to our views or not ! ' " before tney would admit them with any ticket , and this , was to be called a public meeting ofthe inhabitants of Manchester . I . had a ticket of each sort , but they would not admit me with one or the other , so you see the rascality of the black slugs and their followers . I understand that the numbers inside were about six thousand : and when they came to the vote the numbers were so near equal that tho chairman , Canon Stowell , stated it was a difficult matter to decide , although ho gave it as his opinion that they had the majority . But there was also a great amount of cruelty displayed by the police of this city . When the persons addressing the meeting

      stated things which were not true , with regard to Mr . J . Watts , M . de St . Hilare , M . A ., and other individuals , a number of men in . the body of the Hall having sufficient courage to give vent to their feelings by shouting that the statement was false , were taken and beat by the police to such ah extent , that blood poured down their faces in all directions ,, and they were put out of the meeting . One respectable young man , named Scholefield , living in Great Jackson-street , Hulme , was beat to such an extent that , he had to be taken home in a cab . While the Stowell party , assisted by the police , were perpetrating those perfidious and unchristianliko acts inside the Hall , we were not wasting time outside , much to the credit of Mr .: J . R . Cooper , of

      Bridge-street , ( who procured a large cart ) , Dr . Watts , Dr . Story , and M . de St . Hilaire . Yfe had two glorious meetings outside , not packed , but meetings in the open air . One was hold in St . Peter ' s-square , and wa g addressed , by Mr . Story , of Salford , Dr . Watts , and Mr . J . R . Cooper ; a petition was adopted in favour of Mr .-Fox ' s motion , and carried unanimously . Thoro could not have been less than two or three thousand persons present at this meeting , and there was not the least opposition . Finding that there was a few thousand persons round the Free Triide Hall , we came to tho conclusion of holding a second meeting in Northstreet and that part of Peter-street that surrounds

      the Free Trade Hall ; there could not have been less than seven thousand individuals present . The numbers were so great that it was a difficulty for the speakers to make themselves heard at tho more distant parts of the meeting . The speakers' were Dr . Story , Dr . J . Watts , Mr . J . R . Cooper , M . de St . Hilaire and a young man who had been carried out ofthe meeting in tbe Hall , whose name I could not catch . A similar petition to that at the other meeting , in favour of W . J . Fox ' s motion , was adopted , which ' was endorsed , signed , and sent for presentation to the House of Commons . I enclose you the two tickets for your inspection , and I think you will say with me that it was a most disgraceful affair . lam , Sir , . Manchester . Leigh Gmsave ,

      Framework-Knitters. W For Some Time Past...

      FRAMEWORK-KNITTERS . w some time past the Framework-Knitters of Aottinghamshire , Derbyshire , and Leicestershire , nave been organised for the protection of their labour , and , thanks' to their union ; they succeeded for a time in raising their wanes , and putting an end to some of tho rascally practices of the "middle men . " Of late , the mauufaetiners have been doing their utmost to destroy their union , by forcing the men into strikes . At least 1 , 600 frames have been stopped in tho counties of Nottingham and . Derby . This is in tho glove branch alone , and at least 2 , 500

      work-people arc out of employment . On Monday I last , a meeting of four thousand people was . held in tho Market-place , at Nottingham , in support of those on strike . We understand that some of the men are likely to be out collecting subscriptioiis , and we advise that . thty should be provided with books , setting forth , on official terms , their authority to receive money . This prcc mtinn is necessai y , to secure the trade against being injured by the frauds-of impostors . It is to be hoped that the trades , and working classes generally of the Midland -Counties ^ will give their fraternal aid and pecuniary support to their brethren—the sorely-used frrfmework-knitters .

      Liberty Op Spbece In Scotlaxd.—Messrs. S...

      Liberty op Spbece in Scotlaxd . —Messrs . Sleigh and Russell , who were fined ut Edinburgh lately because they had thought fit to niove . an amendment 10 a resolution put by tne L ^ p 1 0 r 35 t nt a meeting on the Affinity Bill , have had a grand soiree given them , mnrtiich several notable persons spoke against the existing laws whi chfeturlibeny of speech . Messrs . Sleijjh and Russell are detenniced to obtain all possible redress by law . The O pinion FiMiquc states that the submarine electric telegraph between Dover and Calais is to bo opened to the public on-tho 4 h of May , tho armiver * sary of tho proclamation of the French Republic by the Constituent Assembly . * "

      V I ^1 Sw]

      V I ^ 1 SW ]

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 27, 1850, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_27041850/page/1/