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that the misery was too great to last lo...
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gSniai wm mm. Cilimal itnl jroretf*.
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¦ "¦"-'" INDIA AND CHINA. •^n swfi Mm Il...
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Suicide pnou Was*-— An inquest was held ...
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M iCE ^l^^HE ER -Ktm^S^^ Ireland's wretc...
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ftnpertu f mmm
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The only business in both houses up to T...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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That The Misery Was Too Great To Last Lo...
CHART ' ' ''" jfoYEMBEB 27 , 1847 ^ l ^ -5 " 1 B ' — . _ . 7
Gsniai Wm Mm. Cilimal Itnl Jroretf*.
gSniai wm mm . Cilimal itnl jroretf * .
¦ "¦"-'" India And China. •^N Swfi Mm Il...
¦ " ¦" - '" INDIA AND CHINA . •^ n swfi Ill ( ai i 8 notTei : y P c rt * t . The ^ daryofGoonisoor is still partially in rebellion , P ^ jequ ence of the measures of government to mressi the diabolical ceremonies practised there , ftp matted jonglea and pestilential atmosphere of ' tut district are found more formidable than an ** ror a line of fortresses ; and tha rnfksal » f ^' gOTerumeat to consent toaaysteniOf tmvuk I ^ gssarily entails * protracted and difficult course of " ^ e steamer Indus , from Bombay , has been A fced . Crew and passengers saved . The French S ^ te La Gloire ( 50 gans ) , Commodore La Pierre , 21 the corvette Victoriense ( 20 gnra ) , Captain De Snouilly , «» totally loston the coast ot Korea in T ^ tjsL It is reported that they were four degrees tftin . fo ngitud * , Md " Kuck « » qjnclBind at high ilter . The crew were landed on an island , and two Mats sent to Shanghai for assistance . Her Majesty ' s ^ pSD sdalus , F ^ piegle , andChilders , wentto their f SB
* ' CD i vnp ^ FRANCE . Oor Paris despatches of Monday hare arrived . The jlention ofthB French public is at present divided Lfreen theagitationforElectoral and Parliamentary Saform , and the civil war in Switzerland . The former , in spite of , or perhaps we should rather say ^ dei by , the most obstinate and nnscrupulons oppojjtjonof the government , is assuming dimensions and importance which must render it ultimately tri ' gcg > nant « X reform banquet has teen held at Valence , attained by nearly 500 persons , generally of a high -cation in society , of whom 300 were qualified elected The usual toasts were drunk , and speeches delivered . The Iklats announces the withdrawal of the french Minister ( M . Bois Lecomte ) from Berne , befleuisetbe Vorort refused to gran * ene of hii attachis s passport for Lucerne .
SPAIN . - The Cortes has been opened by the Queen ; who appeared depressed and melancholy , and , contrary to former precedent , received not a single cheer on her way to or from the church . Her august mother was not , however , treated with similar indifference . Everywhere on her passage she was greeted with cries of execration , loud as well as deep . THE WAR IN SWITZERLAND .
TOKEIQS rXXKEVXXTlOK . It appears that the crowned conspirators are determined to try their hands at crashing the Swiss Radicals . The Paris correspondent of the iim / s thus announces tbis vzllanons conspiracy , to which , it appears , our preoions Lord F & lmeiston is aeonsentiBg party . ' WhUe the Federalists are pTOgressing snccessfullj towards their object , the five great Powers are restored upon interference in one or other shape . France had ,-aa is already known , proposed to the ether four Powers to address to the Swiss Governraent ajoint note , calling - npon them to suspend hostilities , and to send deputies to & point at which a conference should take place , and a plan be agreed
on for the adjustment of the existing differences ( Ba < le , Nenfcnatel , andFriburg , in ' Brisgao , were respectively suggested ) . The note of the French government recommended that , should the Vorort decline acquiescing in that propositioi , the fire Powers should declare the compact entered into ' hetcreen Europe and the Swiss Confederation , in 1815 ; violated , and that , thereupon , joint measures for the jBslnteaance or enforcement of the compact should be immediately decreed by those Powers . TheTepJy of Prussia to this note was first received ; it apr . roved tie preposition . That of Austria reached Paris yesterday ( Sunday last ) , and was in the same sense . " Tbat of Russia has not yet arrived , but there
appears no reason to doubt that it will hem unison with th'se of Prussia and Austria The reply of Great Britain was delivered to M . Guiwt on Wedcesdav or Thursday last . It approved the principle of the " note of the French Government , but contemplated a less rigorous proceeding . Instead of direct coercion , Lord Palmerston recommended mediation , and that at the proposed conference - ( which he suggested might , with increased advantage , be held in London ) , two deputies from tbe Federalists , and as manv from the League should be present . Notwith
standing favourable replies from Prussia and Austria havebeenreceiTed by M . Guisot as above stated , and the certainty that that of Russia will equally scprove the terms of his note , it is believed in Paris today that Lord Palmerston ' s answer containing a codification of thenote , has been deemed acceptable by 31 . Guhot , and will be adopted by Russia , Prussii , and Austria ; The matter has been complicated bv the fall of Fribourg , and by the probable submission of Lucerne , fent the joint action ofthe five great Powers will not he prevented by those events , tbe affair being , in realitv , not a Swiss , bnt an European
oMsbon . . , , „ .. We announced in our last the surrender of Fribourg to the army of the Confederation . Letters from Berne of the 16 th state that all the public establishments of Fribourg , the school of the J & ai . s . and the convent ? , had been converted into barracks for the accommodation of the troops of the fourteen battalions , who took possession ot the city . A provisional government , elected by the people , was installed en the 15 th , previous to the arrival of Federal commissaries . ColonelMaillaraoz , i » mmanderiB-chief of tbe Fribourg troops , and most ofthe members of the last Council of State , had absconded General Dufour arrived at Berne on the 15 th . departed on the following morning at six o clock , for Argau , where his presence was necessary to commence the military operations against Lucerne .
The provisional Government of Fribom ? , was composed of Liberals , amongst whom were Messrs Julian Schaller , Vicky , Pitet , Chatohey , Roba" Up to the 16 th the greatest disorder and anarchy prevailed fin the canton , wherever there were no A letter trom Berne ofthe 18 ih , in the Comttiu-Jicnwlsavs : — . , .., ¦ , The staff of the divisisn of reserve and tbat of the General-in-Chief returned yesterday to this ph ~> They were immediately followed by four resale battalions , a company of Vaudese Cniueure-sV cheval , three companies of carabimers , and two batteries of artillery . All these troops lefti Berne this BoraiBs on their way to Lucerne . To-day also tie oi
fckadeFrei of the diviirionBoiiIdiardt , exposed three battalions of infantry , two «««»» •* « j £ timers , and two batterieslof artillery , passedUo ^ day through the town , bnt without . stopping . They * ere eS well equipped , and it woukl havebeen . difficult to fesgmetoat they had just bivouacked during four nigSs inroch uuWrable gather . Theconduct of the federal troops since their beingjcalled under srmThaa been most exemplary for discipline and eood-wilL and the utmost cheerfulness has been SSed Sdst all the privations which they We had to endure . I cannot resist repeating to you some of the stones which I have heard from tteSSr * and which ^ " ^ 7 ™ « ° »* " * Mf ar * Tof srrpeW ^ thepnests whoact forthe Jesuits Lveieduedthe Fribeurg . peasants . Ob the latter wp ^ BPired medals of the Virgin Mary which were to to
under them invulnerable , 'lo each medal tne SSaffl , f « the price off ^^ o seven tete SS ^ nt / toone ^ ' ^ enVISlS * wm tn wnder it more efficacious stilL That which ISw ctnSed the following words : « O Mary , pm fefuTwho put our trust in thee ; ' and then , ^ £ SSw ^ ai is ^ v » sn ^ na ^ « noeversJiaun «» v . fervour this mvecabon , m tf fiS S special protection henelf baa riven' Such are the means empioyea tt jSXIud their «•*«{ ££ " £ ? £ country people , and extort 6 ™ . J em weirlast resources . In the Geman dujtocte where these tiMcauvres are put in practice , oar soldiers state that the wretchedness is extreme . Eight o cloak id the wening . . ' TheWgade Bontemps . of the ? ° f ^ * " " sinn a nftft m « , rfmn ^ . has just armed ; It leaves
to-msrrow at six o ' clock to proceed against Jocaae . Thus 10 , 000 men have been detached from the : army of operations of Fribourg to reinforce the forces tetSd tnTreduce Lucerne and the primitive ^ "Stated fiat sereral soldiers of the Federal * rmy haveteen assassinated in Fribourg by theparbans of the Sonderbund , in consequence « f which felenelRUliet declared M «^ ^^ 5 SSnrf 5 « Ddcaused two of the persons accused of themnrders prices * from Berne to the evening ^ of the 18 th nut ., state that the federal troops in Fntaonrhave =-w * iBfi ?« W £ SSSiB ^^ ojre « ea Byi 4 « v «^ - —
« ea r . - ™ ha men 0 fthe the former cantonal government , "e meni »« ^ trun 7 not « tdtarmod ravage to ^ teu Mj p * toS £ n of to disbanded ttoops , ofthe ^ tthnnd , whoselhes nawm many cssesbeen » red bytheinterposition ofthe federal troops . iae *<** of the Avoy ^ Fournier has ^ Jfgj { j £ j £ the French niinisterial papera said ) j £ the Wewu ^" P " , butby tha people % f the Sonig tonaiparty if el f fired upon as they pass by conceaiea
as-JhPctrU aays :- « Tha news of ftMg ^ ffl S of Lucerne , who had made "' " ^ S ^ territory of Argau , U / oily *? f ™ ± fljjg Sev ere fightmg in several pomf ^ rnefe ^ ^ eriovement . The loss of tha Lgjowj - J fetedat 2 QQ men andl 20 pnsoners ; _ gyg « g J , ^ edv > jjd wounded of the federal troops » hot ttited ? . ¦ Ad'ires from Lucerne to the 15 & inst j » Jf * " * 2 ?« t The greatest constemation and disfress ^ aaed . Provisions bad risen « to ^ * ° { " ™ 5 fc , ThepnbUcatioa or dreulation ef & **** ^ Fribourgwas forbidden . It was » d tbat 3 ^ ?>« old « ri who had left on tha expedition to the if ^ t . inArgM , liainot retan »« d . ParentoMj ?** their KtoTirite * their Uusu « nds , » vnd wters ^ hrotuen . Ttoonli lwpo cittt popttlitiOBfW
¦ "¦"-'" India And China. •^N Swfi Mm Il...
'that the misery was too great to last lone Desar teis . from Lncenaa were arn ^ 'JVn « S ' . -j u numbers in the adJaceS SS ThTlS that the cantonal authorities rSi » S » ^ porte ^ ofthe defeat and slangE SSSJjS . ?^ kisTl ^ S ^^ i ^^^ *¦¦*» be s ^^ ^ ^ sssss ^ S * Z Z ST !? 11 of ) he ^^ wwd Lu . tSisSi ^^ lI ^^^ V SMsvm . Zug was believed to have been already occupied . Berne letters of the g ^ ^^^
20 th inst ., state that the operations against-Lucerne had commenced , and that several districts of that canton adjoining Argau had been occupied by the federal troops . A courier had W * 5 t ?? «» nigbt before , announcing that ff ^ iSWPi ' * *• J ""^ of 1 . 500 , reinforoed by 2 . 000 Valaisians , had advanced on the 17 th towards Airolo , in the canton of Ticino , and , after a sanguinary engagement , succeeded in taking possession of that town . The battalion of Casellini , and a company of carabiniers , who formed its garrison , retreated on Faido , and probably en Belliwona , where Colonel Luvlni was concentrating his forces , f wo battalions from the Urisons , which were to have co-operated with the division of Ticino , had not yet made their appearance . Colonel Maillardos ; with the troops of the Sonderbund . which had escaned
from Fribourg before the submission of that place , had ; not , as was erroneously reported , joined their party in Lnceme , but bad effected their flight individually to Neufcnateli where they were at the departure of the last ad vices ; < .
GERMANY . Thx Poush Pbocess . —Berun , Nov . H . —This was a solemn day in Court . At ten o'clock , tbe Pre sident rose , and addressing the counsel for the Polish defendants inquired whether they had any farther defence to make . Tbe counsel unanimously replied in the negative , upon which' the President said'The proceedings are herewith closed . The day for pronouncing the sentence cannot yet be named . ' This will probably not take place tor a fortnight or three weeks , and the reading wilLprobably occupy two or three days .. It .. will . be given in German , and only the tenonr . will be translated into Pilish .
ITALY .. . The occupation of the Fivizzano by the troops of the Duke of Modenahas created an immense sensation in Italy . It appear that the inhabitants , who had lived long and happily under the paternal government of the Grand Duke of Tuscany , had expressed a determination to resist , by , force of anna their being transferred to the dominions of theDuke otModeha ; butloi . oh the 5 th . of November , the troops ofthe Dake . of Sfodeoa took possession of the country by surprise . On the ... 7 th instant , two days after' the Modenese * troops had taken possession of Fivizsano , the Modenese guard attempted to seize upon a Tuscan sergeant-major who had remained in Fivizzano ,. but the inhabitants . interfered . in favour ofthe sergeant ., The Modenese troops fired at tbe crowd , and two persons were , killed , besides a great -number wounded .. The ,. Tuscans are said tobein arms to drive the Modenese out of Fivizzano .
By later letters from Florence , we learn that the excitement produced by the seizure of Fivizzano by the Modenese troops has been by no means allayed . The inhabitants of Fivizzano are emigrating in vast numbers .. Ponlremnli , the seumroof which is feared , has adopted every practicable means of defence . Tbe farmers and . peasants from the surrounding country , led by their priests , and armed with whatever weapons they can procure , are flocking into tbe town . The foUowing document was published at Carrara by order of the Duke of Modena : — Autograph Letter of Francis V ., Date of Modena , te Count Meneoni , Podettat of the district of Carrara , sent by the Governor with orders to publish it :-
—^ ' I learn with , extreme , indignation tha scandalous scenes which daily occur at Carrara .. Being determined to oppose , bj every means in my power , the . recurrence of such disorders , and to prevent the revolutionary plague which surrounds ns from penetrating into my states , I hereby givehBtice tbar I have fully instructed my troops to repress and disperse all seditious assemblages , by making use of their arms , in any manner whatsoever , and without , heeding , the consequences . With tbat view , the garrison of Carrara will be increased at the expense of tbe municipality , who will compensate itself by levying an extraordinary tax on the
inhabitants , which they will regulate ia conjunction with , my Government , and those troops shall remain at Carrara a month after each sedition , each tumult , or each act subversive of public order . I will never yield . I will defend myself by all possible means , like tbe commander of a fortress , who combats in a desperate manner the enemy who besieges him . recurring for that purpose to every expedient , even tie most violent . Those gentlemen must know thatif my' own forces were insufficient , I have , beyond thePo , a reserve of 100 , 000 men . who will teach them tbat for the present tbey cannot awe me . ' PBiUClS . '
POLAND . It is stated in a letter from Cracow , of the loth , that the tomb of M . Zajaczkowski , President of the Political Criminal ; Tribunal , who was assassinated on the 4 th , ' has io ' be guarded night and iay . . by strong detachments of cavalry and infantry , it being reported that the . people intended to drag up the body , and hang it on ' agibbet . „„„ UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . By the arrivalof the Boston packet-ship Ocean ' Monarch , we learn that the Whigs had earned the elections in the state of New Tork .
. - Our Mexican ' advices are unimportant . We have no intelligence of General Scott . Our former advices stated that Santa Anna had left Puebla . ' . Herrerai awarding to the Arco Iris , has ^ olleeted 10 , 000 men at Queretarp , all of the National Guard . ' ' - r ' *
Suicide Pnou Was*-— An Inquest Was Held ...
Suicide pnou Was * - — An inquest was held before Mr Payne , the coronerfor the borough of South wark , at the George Inn , Waterloo-road , on the body of John Start , aged 50 years ., On Tuesday last the deceased sent his wife ont for some trifling errand , and when she returned , in a few minutes afterwards , she found he had cut his throat His wife said that aba believed the deceased had been induced to commit the act on account of tbe great distress which they had for some time endured . —Coroner : Were you in
want ? ' Witness : Yes .. We had only 2 s . and two loaves of bread per week from the parish . —Coroner : Had yeu represented to the parish the distress yon were in ! Witness : I did two months ago , before the board of guardians , and they said they could not increase the relief , and that I must endeavour to do something for myself . They even refused me a blanket to cover me . —Several witnesses confirmed the witness ' s statement . —Verdict— « Temporary insanity , brought on by want . '
A Rulwat . Ghost . —A . ludicrous incident happened near Stockham , on the Lancashire , Cheshire , and Birmingham Railway , a few days ago . It is pretty well known that the operations on this railway have been stopped for the present . A few men were left for the purpose of carrying on some minor excavations which were thought necessary . About a month since a man was unfortunately killed by the falling in ofthe tunnel near the place where the men were set to work : and the men heard , or thought they heard , most distinctly , the sound of a pickaxe on the very spot where he had been killed . The wind had been rather high for three or four days , but still they heard the monotonous sound ofthe dead man ' s work in the tunnel At last it was agreed that one ef them should descend and ascertain how
matters stood , and if there should be anything to fear a signal was to be given aid the adventurer drawn up again . One of the party immediately consented , boasting that he feared not man nor devil . Accordingly , the rope was fastened round the waist of the hero , and he was let down the shaft , his companions ready , on the least notice . to draw him up The boaster had not reached the bottom beforea cry was heard from below , andsuch a twitch was given to the rope as plainly bespoke that something was tbe matter . The man was pulled up instantly , with a countenance pale as death , , on which terror ud consternation were sfeongly depicted . To zttrts ^^ hF tothe bottom , than herfainly saw the white , pale
f « P « nf the dead man , wmen wem . uae » . wMua » uu ™ - Znitw ^ uXp ^ SStirwor & a «^ r ? 'Jffi £ 3 fit would be so obstinately bold as to go down and fight th ^ ghMt t Willing to see howsuchanone would fare they let hfof down , and m about five 3 £ eS £ him upagaiu . with ^ inno ^ nt causo of all their terror in his hands . * F * W ££ Ureenewtin powder can which had been left there Ke mm ink which had beea placed on rafter a rickety position on a projecting stone . It was « l « hed with mud in such a fashion that it some-JKS i man ' s face , and the wind through rtoStSSSwI caused it to joltfrom and against the side ofthe tunnel . ' .. - ,. ., Council
rpn « Sn oj YoBK . -By an Order in , i ? t ^ f Sisfixed at £ 10 , 000 per annum . The ^ a ^ inh oaoer mentions that tho inspector of the A ? £ Khof Falkirkhasabsconded , having 2 SSiK «^ t-w , xtoBuax u No awicH—Yeiterday ( Monday ; - 7 3 SS received by the metropolitan police SPT 'SSSSvSnwtf valuable works , 800 that upwards of aw »« " «» d ^ qaantity daarat ar t ^ J ^ J ^ S ^^ and oflineii , audi other tbwgs , mjjhj ^ ^ &< F & 8 S .. JSSmA of Norwk com . d X ? ' ^ SS & Sal to Norwich Castle , charged "J ^* r ££ ^ Se honse of E . Farrer , Esq ,
M Ice ^L^^He Er -Ktm^S^^ Ireland's Wretc...
M iCE ^ l ^^ HE L ER -Ktm ^ S ^^ Ireland ' s wretchedUS t ^* ? lak J of ^^ S ^^ sCSSi & « m & cfilSrS *^ ^ te tet ^ of today her ? huDAa 6 W > g » now the orders wouldlStha ~ Sle 8 S bet raj J ed ' Millionsof money to . IS rtf bee ? eXp fnded » Bsoless chicanery , fool . ^ ! f 1 ^™ ° «^»« W « H » . of knaves and K ' nd > S , n ^ S t be ^ M the consequenc ! HfW "! . daUy , in prosperity , versing Wdsi ^ bniptcy .-her children starving , naked , andhMnoless .-unfortunate beggars seeking alms trom the nation which pauperised them . Had the people been directed by one of his spirit , energy , and honest integrity , labours-amcere and true—would not have been employed in a worse than wzz ^
useless way ; shillings hard-earned , bnt liberally oontnbnted , for the realisation of a darling object , would hay © been invested in some available project that would insure a return , with double interest , to the source from whence they were derived . But Ireland was ever unfortunate . Some have been faithful , but their efforts in her behalf have been marred by traitors ; others there were who fattened oh her generosity . whilstthey ssld her to her oppressors ; and others there were , also , who gained her ' confidence but to play the game of deep-designed ambition . And it ' s somewhat remarkable that the honourable member for Nottingham bearded those in the height of their power , when they mounted to greatness on the necks of a too easily deluded people . But let the old adage be observed , ' de mortm ' s nil nisi honum . * These are gone , —let their faults , or crimes , if you will , rest with them . r '' " . ¦
The present should be , now , our therae , —brotherhood our object .-a concentration of democratic opinion our design . ' Let the future be , —the throne for the dynasty , —the government for the people . Until these things become facts , and reduced 'from declamation to the startling reality of actual operation , —the great -natural principles of universal liberty and unrestricted freedom in labour , with a fair participation in its produce , must remain a dead letter on the statute book of exertion . Give us universal suffrage . Ministerial duplicity is at an endmagisterial oppression only a thing that was , —a labouring people happy , —industry remunerated , —and the throne safe .
It is melancholy for an Irishman to witness "the misery which now eats , like a cancer , into the vn tals of his country , thinning her numbers , condemn ^ ing to exile her noblest and bravest 8 ons , and reducine the great bulk of her popuhrtiohtd ' tlie condition of a pauperised community . It is melancholy'to see all this , but it is more melancholy , still , 'to see the love of base servility that marks' the proceedings of her public bodies . ! Conciliation Hall ; ' and its ! heir loom of duplicity in religion and politics ^ -the Irish ' Council , all time serving- patriots jreridering more actual service to the' Whigs '! wh 0 starved ; usythan their open adherents . Monuments collected for , and
a people starving ; pampered ^ priests preaching patience to a hungry population . Government officials , prey on the resources of the poor ; levees at the castle , at which our wretchedness and destitution are laughed at through oomuiiseration , —decisions . in this synod worthy of Simon Magus . Nothing true , nothing manly , nothing sincere , but 'Young'Ireland , ' ' Chartist Repealers . ' as they call them . That body profess to love Ireland and work for her welfare . They speak up as men looking tor a right and not a favour . They despise tbe glittering trammels of government servitude . They consider a people more worthy than a party , and estimate a nation ' s freedom worthy the libation of a patriot ' s blood .
Yes . Chartists we are , and , for my part , I could wish Feargus O'Connor was at our head ; not that I much care for there being a leader , but his efforts have ' . been worthy a man , worthy freedom—his spirit has been daring , decisive , and bold—his integrity in tbe recognised purity of his eventful political life . True , he advocates the shedding of blood when necessary for a country ' s freedom . He who would do otherwise is a slanderer of human nature in its noblest mould . ' Where ' s the slave so lowly , Condemned to chains unholy , Who could fie bant bis bonds at flrar , 'Would pine beneath them slowly V Let that be the honourable gentleman ' s highest recommendation .
Moral force avails but little , unbacked by physical power , to compel the tyrant to yield up his ill-gotten prey . Such was the case in Italy . Better have blood spilled in open warfare , fighting for a man ' s just rights , than by the cowardly hand of the assassin , who , for aught I know , is encouraged to do the work of midnight villany by the teachers of those doctrines which debase the spirit , and render human nature foolish . Yes , 'tis better . Every other day records tales , of dreadful carnage in this fair country . The thirsi for blood seems justifiable . Tim landlord ' s cruelty is meeting its just reward ; the * wild justice of revenge' is carried out . with a vengeance , and the principle that nature demands redress for long endured grievances is being vindicated .
The people , too , are becoming alive to the puzzling nonsense of .- moral force ; ' democratic popular ^ republicanism , is their aim . Confederate clubs' are being formed , priestly interference , is scoffed at , and its political influence dying daily . Clubs are got np for teaching the truth of freedom . A youthful leader , of a youthful band , has lighted a torch whieh buras steadily . ' Chartism , 'is not repudiated by that band . Infidels ; they callus , but what of that ; Copernicus was called a heretic . We have done what eur youthful leader ; T . F . Meagher said he would , viz ., —established a' Confederate club * in the . heart of * Old Ireland , ' Waterford City . They abuse ue ; what ef that , either f Understrappers must do their dirty work . Galileo was persecuted
for benefiting science . We go on as he commenced , steadily . We may be sneered at , but the coward ' s laugh , or the traitor's sneer , can't repress the cry for liberty . Meagher says , ' We will think ; dare , and do by intellect' —and so we should , and will . Ignorance is , at least , but a sorry provision for an assault on the strongholds of despotism . The enlightenment of the mind , and an appreciation , consequent upon the recognition , of our soul ' s noblest faculties and prerogatives , are decrees , rebellions against slavery . So they were when the people wrested tbe ' great Charter * from tbe crowned . tyrant John . The barons didn't doit , it was the people ' s power . So they were , when extended education destroyed the serfdom of feudalism ; so they were when the republican system triumphed in tbe New World ; so they would have been in France had it not been for
military despotism and monarchieal perjury ; so they will be in Ireland , inspiteof all . Public opinion , enlightened intellect , and encouraged self-reliance , will effect what loud hurrahs or flimsy cheers could not . Under their invocation , Poland will yet rise up to make the crowned monster of Russia tremble and confess that the' autocrat , ' of the frozen regions , is not all powerful . ' Tell' will find many an imitator , whose proudest triumph was , that he crushed a tyrant . Bruce shall be glorified in bold successors to his energy and love for fatherland . Bannockburn will be enacted in all its scenes of heroic chivalry , and a sword will yet be wielded that will sever in twain cursed dominion . Wars of aggression there will be none , they must ceaseand tbe O'Connors of the day will triumph in their lessons of democracy and self-reliance . .
* There was a meeting held here , last weefei te forward the preparations for collecting money for the ' O'Connell monument , ' bat I bear nothing material was done , theattendance being poor . On November Uth there was a meeting atCashel for the purpose of ' tenant-right , ' but , as usual , it was characterised by that tone of craving servitude that is sure to command contempt . Speeches were made , but _ th » y were things of nonsense , spoken one thousand times before . The attendance was pretty large , but , I thought I could notice a want of the enthusiasm which isa plentiful commodity at Irish assemblies . You could notice an absence of spirit or determination also of fixed purpose . Tbere wee a few rambling resolutions proposed- by no less rambling orators , that aimed at every thing and still at nothing . As nsnal . the nriest took the precedence , but not so
much as was their wont or ambition . On the whole , it wasnot a democraticmeeting of honest stalwart men , determined to risk their all or gain their ob ject . . There have been murders perpetrated daily in this county those weeks past ; Last Sunday week a fine young man , named Davitt , was shoti whilst ruHuingtoa neighbour ' s house , from the rain , which was , at the time , occupied by the' Terries ;'—a few days before , an unfortunate woman , a widow , was inhumanly murdered , fer no cause at all , save to prevent her from marrying a third time , —aad last Sunday night fortnight a man , named Bryan , I think , steward to John Dalton Kellet , Esq , was shot near tbis town , whilst going home in his master ' s carriage , accompanied by another person who also got bis share of the shot .
The military and police have got their work to do here , distraining for poor-rates—which are , m thisparish of St Mary ' s , eight shillings and four pence to the pound—and escorting provisions to tne neighbouring towni There , too , scarcely any employment . Itispainfulto see the great number ©! fine , etrong-bodied , young men , who range our streets , seeking means to live , but finding none ; offering themselves and their labour for a mere bit to eat , but refused . Oh I such scenes as these are arguments for the ? Charter' and Repeal , which tew could withstand . To see some of the finest men on earth struggling witheoM and hunger in rag «» * ' in gabout , looking at tha produce of their country , each day leaving their shores to feed a more There was ' a fine estate m this county , the estate of 'Sopnell , ' sold for £ 17 , 000 ; in May last . jh « J were £ 22 , 600 offered for it . The number of acres comprising it are 5 . 683 ; the nettyearlv income , £ 943 . 10 « , W . At ameetiagof the Irish CoBfed e «» -
M Ice ^L^^He Er -Ktm^S^^ Ireland's Wretc...
! hHA J a 8 tWfl ? ' IieId J in DaWiD » » suggestion was thrown oat by Mr P . S . Barry , on the propriety of getting up Jomt Stock Companies in every town , to pusn forward Irish manufacture . I hope they may i . !> i li , 8 ed ' , Tou see O'Connor ' s steps arc being looked to and , before long , will be walked in here . Z T . O . L Ifour correspondent favours iia with any further communications wo must entreat him to write legibly . The above letter sorely tried our eyesight , and puzzled the printers . —En . N . S . \ —^ ....
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The only business in both houses up to Tuesday , as tour o ' eiecb , after the formal approval ofthe Speaker bj the Lords Commissioners oa Friday , was tbe swearing in f members . Oa Saturday , lor * J . Russell and several other members of the ministry weri sworn . On Monday Sir R . Peel made hit appearance for the first time this session . The right honourable bar * net advaaced to the table to be sworn , and having taken the oath „ hs was asked by ths ekrk for his aeelaratioa of qualification , when much amusement was created by hit feeling in bis pocket lor the required document and not finding it . - He , however , hurried from the house , ani shortly returned with the necessary declaration in bis hand . Having delivered it in , as signed the parliamentary roll , shook hands with the Speaker , and left the house . Mr T . S . D » neomb . *»«
also swora in om the same day , and Lord Ashley , the nOff member for Bath , In place of Mr Roebucavte * the oaths andhiswat . Among tbe new members , w * e . excit . d seme attention , were W . J . Fox , e ., Thompioa ,. Mr Mao . grefor , tbe late Secretary to the Bowcl ' of Trade , msmbw for Glasgow , and well known by ill ' s ' writings ; , atid jfr D . Urquhart , famous in the annals of Cba ' rtUnvfpr u-. duelsig some ot- Us profesBeiaovocatbs-. into a . leetarlng erii ' sado . against the Russia *) ' poUpy ^ . ancliamsiUlon , on which Subject he has a mania . . It , appears , that , Air Cowan , who displaced Mr Macaulay at Ediabur b'h ,, is co » qualified , and tbat there will censequrntly be another ; ruufor the vacant scat of . ' Uoaerr ^ itbenB . N ,.-, . ,. :. yvr 'At the morning sitting ' of Tuesday ,, Mr . i \ O'Connor ; Mr Cobden , Lord G . Bentinek , Sir J ' , Qr . « . ham , J , Hume , arid j . ; O'Connell , took the oaths . ( .: > .- - .-
HOUSE OF LORDS . . } TuiSDiT . —The Imperial Parliament was this cay opened by Commission forthe dispatch of business , with thensiaal formalities . The hour appointed for th « Com . mission was twe o ' clock , but as early as twelve o ' clock the uiaal search was made by the officers of the Lord Chamberlain and tbe House of Lords , in erder to guard their Lordships from the dangtr of another . Gunpowder Plot . j- . Tbeproceedingg consequent upon theopeniag Of Parli a ment attracted eomparatiTely little interest , . partly in consequence of its being known for some days pas *
• hit it was not the intention ot J £ * r . 2 f « jesty to open the heiue . in person , and partly from the . unfavourable state of the weather .. When ' the galleries of the House of Lords were opened at one o ' clock thwa wasavsry fair sprinkling of . ladies ; . on . the back benches * i-. bnth sides df . tbe house . . The scene was by , npmcaiU 80 brilliant as on the occasions when her Majesty ctms * down to the house in state . > The greater portion oi the ladies wore bonnets , and with the exception ofthe Commissioners , who were in their state rebes , all the Peers present were in plain dress ..
. The Commons baring been summoned shortly after two o ' clock , the Spsaker , attsnded by a great number of members , appeared at the bar , when the Marquis of Lansdowne , as senior Lord Commissioner , read theful * lowing speech : — . ilT iOBBS JM > GSMUXEN , ' Her Majesty has ordered us to declare to you ths awes which have inducsd her to call Parliament together at the present time . 'HirMajeity has seen with great concern the distress which has for some time prevailed among the commsr . cial classes . Tbe embarrassments of trade were at on « pirlod aggravated by so geieral a feeling of distrust and of alarm , that Her Majesty , for tbepurpoie of restoring confidence , authorised her Ministers to recommend to tbe Directors of tbe Bank of England a eoursa of proceeding' suited to such an amergeacy . Tbis course might have led te an infringement ef the law ,
'Her Majesty has great satisfaction in being able tn inform you that tbe law has not been infringed ; that the alarm has sabjided . aad that the pressure on thebaaking and commercial interests has been mitigated . 'The abundant harvest with which this country has been blessed ba * alleviated the evils which always accompany a want of employment in the manufacturing districts , » Her Majesty has , however , to laaisnt the recurrence of severe distress in some parts of Ireland , owing to ths scarcity ef the usual food of the people . ' Her Majesty trusts that this distress will be statari . ally relieved by the ezertien ' s which have been made to carry into effect tho law of tha last session of Parliament fer the support of tho destitute poor . - Her Majesty ha » leitrnt with satisfeetion that landed proprietors had taken advantage of the means placed at their disposal for the Improvement of land . ' . i
• Her Majesty lam " ents ; that in some counties of Irelaad atrocious crimes bare been committed , and a spirit of ia . subordination basmaniftstsd itself , leading to an . organised'resistance to legal rlghtsl ' ¦¦ ' " ' The lord Lieutenant has employed with vigour and energy tbe means which the law places at BIB disposal to detect cffsndsrs . and to prevent the repetition of offencas . Her Majesty fesls ' it ; howeVar , to be her " duty te h « r paaasable ' and well-disposed subjects to nsk the assistance o ! Parliament in taking further pres ' autions against the perpetration of crime in certain ' counties and districts in IwJan < l . Her Majesty views with the deepest anxiety and : in . tercet tho present condition of Ireland , and she recem . mends to the consideration of Parliament measures which , with due regard to ths rights of property , may advance tbe social condition of the people , and tend to the ptrmanent improvement of that part of the , United Kingdom .
. ' HerMajestj has seen with great concern the breakbig out of civil w » r in Swiiittland ; ' ' .. ''¦; ¦ ' ' Her Majesty is in communication , with her Allies on this subject , and has expressed her readiness' to use , In concert with them , ' her friendly influence for tbe par ' pose of restoring to theSwlss '' Confederation the blefB " ings of peace . ' Her Majesty looks with confidence to the maintenance ofthe general- peace of Europe . : ' Her Majesty has concluded with the Republic Of ths Equator a treaty for tbe suppression of the slave trade . Her Majnsty has given directions tbat this treaty should belaid before you . Gentlemen or tbb Hocsb op Commons , ' Her Majesty has given directions that the estimates for the next year should be prepared for the purpose of being laid before you . Thay will bo framed with a care ful regard to tbe exigencies of the public service . Mr Loans and Gentlemen .
' Her Majesty recommends to the consideration of Parliament the laws which regulate the navigation of the united kingdom , with a view to ascertain whether any changes can be adopted which , without danger to our maritime strength , may promote the commercial and colonial interests of the empire , ' Her Majesty has thought fit to appoint a Commission to report on the bast means of improving the health of the metropolis , and Her Majesty recommends to your earnest attention such measures as will be laid before you relating to the public health .
' Her Majesty has deeply sympathised with tbe sufferings which afflict ths labouring classes in thoujanufac turing districts in Groat Britain , and in many parts of Ireland ; and has observed with admiration the patience with which these Mifferlogg have been generally borne . ' The distress which has lately prevailed among the commercial classes has affected many itaportant branches of the reTenne . But Her Majesty trmts that the time is not distant when , under the blessing of Divine Frovl . dence , the commerce and industry of the united , kingdom , will have resumed their wonted activity . ' The Commons having left , their Lordships adjoarned t \ U five o ' clock , when the butiness was resumed
Tha Earl of YabbobogoH proposed the address m answer te the speech , which ! was , as usual , a men echo of that document . The speech of the noble mover ,, and ofthe Sari of ELPHissroNE * irbo seconded the adoption of the address , consisted of merely a brief runnlag com-Btentaryon the sereral topics embraced in theKeyal speech . On the question being put - Lord Stanley rose , and after stating that he bad looked to the Speech in vaia , for an explanation of the causes why Parliament bad been called togetker so early , proceeded to comment on tho state of the tlmua , and the language employed in the Speech , . with reference beth to our domestic affairs , aad our foreign policy . 'Never , ' . ' said hfs lordship , 'Since I have bad a seat in ¦ arliameat , a period now of nearly flre-and-twenty years ,
never do 1 recollect a perled when the minister of the crowa has had to point to a political horizon so clouded —so devoid of a single point to which we can . look for a fleam of sunshine ! Look , my lords , at the Speech . The reference te foreign affairs--short , brief , and unimportant as it is—expresses the ' coacera' with which her Majesty regards the state « f Switzerland .. Tbeparagrapb respecting things at home , sets forth her Majesty ' s deep sympathy in the ' sufferings' which sffllct the labouring classes of Great Britain , and states the admiration ofthe 1 patience * with which those sufferings hare been borne . ( Hear , hear . ) Turning to our commercial relations , ber Majesty ' s' cencern' is agaia expressed at the prevalence of a distress among tbe cemrasrolal body , which cannot but effect other classes of tbo community . Her Majesty then 'laments' the recurrence of severe distress In Ireland — 'laments ' the atrocious crimes whieh have been
committed— 'laments' the splril . of insubordination which has been manifested . Her Majssty expresses ( and well she may ) her * deep ' anxiety' at the present condition b . ' tbe sister country , her « appreh » n » i ° » »' . ller ' cencern , 'ber 'lamentations' over tke state of tiraie , ber' lameniatlens ' ver the state of Ireland , her 'lamentations' over a sjs tern of insubordlaatlon which is characterised as tending to atrocious crimes . Why , my lirds , can I find language too strong , or terms too unmeasured , to describe s state of things so frightfol and so unparalleled ? , ( Cheere . ) Where is the point to which her Majesty ' s government desired w tolookfor osngratulatlonor . wlthhopai There , are ' laraeutariW for the past— . ' uiUtisa' for she pr * r stut— 'apprehsMlons'for tkefatur * . N « v « r , surely , was there a time when It was mere essential , | a ths . statloa that the osnnclls of the crown should be swayed by men foreseeing into fu turity—capable ef appreciating the signs audiymatODH of tbe tlme ^ -stcsag-Eaindsd oo » ngb
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WMM ^ »^ M———^—^^ . ^^ . ^ M ^ W ^ W ^ I to lay down and follow their own course of ao tien without consulting ethsrs—( Loud opposition cheering)—capable f divining tbe causes Instead of stating the oensequaBees f misfortunes , and able boldly and broadly to lay down a remedy , with the assurance that their position is eo established that thsy may throw themselyes on the patriotism ofthe ceuntry , secure ofthe forbearaVo : —naj , even of the asslitanre—of political oppoaeats . ( If aob heering . ) Never was there a time when , forgetful of very party condition , a legislature mere required to find a government in powsr which it could conscltniWusly support—never was there a time when a people more required an administration capable of taking the lead in an effort to save the ceuatry . ( Repeated cheers . ) With reference to the commercial panic , there could be no .
doubt that , If not entirely caused , it has been greatly 8 g " gv & vated by the Bank Act of I 8 « , * and he called upon the government to say whether a measure which was Inoperatlve in fine weather , but when the moment ol difficulty eamo , fearfully augmented the evils of the crisis , was to be maintained . Pasalng from this point to a review of the Free Trade policy of late sessions , his lordship said : Now , my lords , as it has been stated that there is now unWersal distress , and n ' ore especially great commercial distress , I have a right to ask whence dess all this distress arise ! The noble earl says that it has arisen partly from the undue Investing of commercial capital in railways . But I cannot hel p expressing my surprise that one who undertook to move an answer to the Speech from the throne should have admitted that the distress ig owing partly to » he importation , within nine mouths ; of aboutlO . OOO lOO quarters of Corni ( Cheers . ) Twoyearsagol was'Iaagbeu at by Lord Brougham ' for observing that at periods when there was no eitraordl .
nary demand for foreign . com , and when prices ruled moflerate in England , we might expect an annual importatioh of about 4 , 00 « , 000 > '" quarters . The noble earl how . . admits that there has ; Vn ' eh' ah importation of io , 00 O , O 0 O . quarters ; and he - attributes the commercial distress ' of theioouhtry . ' mainly ' tqthe largeness ' of the sum wliich weshaveh ' sato ' sena'abroafl ; ' I ' munt say that from a isupporter of her'Majiiity ' s geyernmest " this Is ' a valuable ndtofaiion . vTbe event ' has'lu- ' a ^ ; fled' the ( anticipation ' s which''I ' ami my ; friend * Watjired to entertdia , ah * falslfiedWie ' ; prediction . ! ^ advantage which'wtre put forth' with ¦ ' great ' c'bnndence as to the resislt of a large Importation of foreign corn , ( Clietrs . ) I have bad sent to ine , b y post ; a copy of I letter pub . lisJied by Mr Cobden , in 18 * 1 , In which he » aid , thatif we
bad Free Trade there would not bean operative unemployed , not a spinner standing still , not a miilownerwho would not earnestly seek for hands at increased wages . ( Laughter . ) Ntw mills were to be built , new populations to ' arise ; and everything advantageous was to ba sccurtd bjKtbS'reoioTal of the accursed monopoly established by Ih ' e Corn'L '» ws . Kovnre have had < in tmportitlon ' of foreign co ' rn tb an ' e ' xte nt whichthe most san . guWe supporters of Ere » Trade never dreamt o * , and the result has'beeri ' whaVwe predicted — the exports have been exports of bullion '; and this' must go on until , by dlnt . of lowi wages and hard working , you ore able to force your manufactured goods , in spite of hostile tariffs , on alrpady glutted markets . So far from the mills being crowded ; ' there ' was rievir a period when ue ' ramy
mills - were standing still , ' so many m'li nero upon short tims , ' there never was a period when wages had fallen so low , or when there was witnessed so signal a discomfiture , coming to crush and to blast the anticl . patlons of mere theorists , who thought tbemselvt-s wiser than all the world besides . ( Cheers . ) My lords , this alone does not , howerer , account for the present distress . It is yeur home market which has chiefly failed you . ( Hear , bear . ) The people have been compelled to export their earnings for foreign corn , and thoy hare , in concequence been unable to expend them < -n the manufactures of this country ; and in a shorter time than I anticipated has it be » n prored by experience and fact that the foreign market for our manufactured geods , great as it is , is comparatively insignificant
when weiRbed in the balance with t « e \\ ome market . Now , my lords , I do not attribute the whole of the csmmercial distress of this country to tha repeal of the Corn Lairs , or to those measures of Free Trace which have recently been passed ; Y > nA I say tbat tbo failure of tbe crops of England has anticipated tbe result of the repeal ofthe Corn Laws , by leading to that which is acknowledged to bare been tbe object of repealing the Corn Liwn , a large importation of foreign in substitution for British corn ; and the conse . qnenco has been , to prove that snob importation , while ruinous to the farmers , is not advantageous or profitable , but , on the contrary , injurious to the manufacturers of tbis country . My lords , I take leave to say that these commercial difficulties and embarrassments have been
aBcr & vatedbythemttictiveBaBKActonoU . 1 agree tvith the noble earl who opened the discussion , that the great want has been , not n want of realised wealth , but of an exchangeable medium in which ' all parties can place confidence , and which may be supplied if the Bank be enabled to grant , npon approved security , that temporary accommodation which would be the means of oiling the wheels of commerce , and preventing the ma ' , chine from standing still . ' Lord Stanley then referred to the state of Ireland , which he ' decla red ^ ' to ' be worse than that of civil war . ' Oneby one the beat members bl society fell victims to a system -of aasasMnaticm , and it was now ah admitted fact that lit wsis saf ^ r in that islaa ' d to violate than to obey tbo laws" The Rqmiah
priesthood , too . instead of denouncing thishorrid systera , ' . aided and abetted in It . The time' wascune iqr- ' ' proinptand . effectual measures , and be called on . the government in tbe name of civilisation , ' to " introduce ? ' them 'instantly . After commenting on that '' pars of the Speech which touched on the Swiss question , and ' entreating , the go . , vernment to interfere as little as ' possible ' m the ' , internal affairs of foreign countries , he observed on the absurdity of giving the petty state of Equator a blarei in the Speech , while all mention of our W " est Indian celonles was omitted . He then concluded , amidst loud cheers , with an assurance to the government that tbf-y might reckon on bis cordial support in all measures wMch concerned the vital interests of the empire .
Tbe Marquis of Lawsdowne defended the commercial policy of the government , and denied that they had violated tbe Bank Charter Act , for all that tbey bad dons was to tell the Bank that , mthoiropinlon as Individuals , it would be justified in pursuing the course it had since adopted , It was open to tbe Bank to take or to reject that advice , and to follow the law or to disobey It as they pleased , ' relying upon the view which Parliament , in the latter ease , might take of the course they had selected . . With regard to Ireland , though the orderly behaviour Of the mnSS Of the people under tbelt privations
was moat laudable , still it was not to be supposed thatth » abominable crimes which difgraced some counties could be tolerated , and he was , therefore , rejoiced to bear tbat the government might reckon on the noble lord ' s support in the attempts which they might feel It necessary to make for the security of life and property in Ireland . After referring to some other points touchedon in Lord Stahlev ' s speech , the » ob ! e lord sot down , expressing a hope that commerce would speedily flow , back into its accustomed channels , and that the people would agaia find themselves in the possession of nil the blessings of prosperity .
Lord AsHbobtoh condemned the Bank ActoflSii . As an experiment it had signally failed ; and if tbe go . vernment pfrsisted in maintaining It , they woulllay themselves open to tho charge of wilful blindness , and indifference to popular opinion . i Lord Bhoogsuh praised tba government for calling Ptrilament together so soon , and expressed his hop » that- stringent coercive measures would be adopted towards Ireland . Lord ItoDEH described the uncertainty of life in Ireland . . Earl Fitzwiuiam said , that they ought not to look only at the crimos committed by the people , but at tbo distress tbey endured . Rwnedlal measures were more necessary tiian coercive enes . They should feed the people , until they had raised thtm from the slough into which bad legislation had thrown them .
Earl Obey thought it was not expedient to encourage the people of Ireland to expect any more ossistanco from this country . They must in future depend more wpon themselves . The address wosthen agreed to , and after re-electing the Earl of Shaftesbury to the office of chairman of committees , . thclr lordships adjourned . ¦
HOUSE OF COMMONS . ' , Previous to the commencement of the debate on the address , notices of tbe following motions were given . JCailwats . —The Cbancsliiob of the ExenroPEB gave notice that ou Friday , he should move for leave to bring In a bill to extend the time for the purchase of lands required for the cempletlonef railway works ; and that on the same day be should move tbe appointment of . a committee to consider the railway bills of this sea . sion . The same rightbon , gentleman gave notice that on Tuesday ho should move for a committee to inquire into the causes of the recent cemmercial distress , and how far that distress was affected by the law regulating the issue of Bank notes payable oh demand . Cobbciok Bill . —Sir 6 . Obey gave notice that on Monday , tho 30 th inst ,, he should wove for leave to bring in a bill for the better prevention of crimes and outrages in certain parts of Ireland .
Bepbal or shh Umok . —Mr F . O'Cojmon gave notiee that on Tuesday , the 7 th of December , he should move that a select committee be appointed to izqulre and report on the means by which the Parliament of Ireland was dissolved , tbe effects which that event produced upon tbe state of Ireland , as well upon the labour , erg engaged in husbandry as on those employed in manufacturers , as also its effects on the agriculturists and operatives of England , togetiitr with the probable consequences to the United Kingdom at largo of a con . tinuance of the legislative union between the two countries .
IumcBHiHx of Tiscoont Palhbrstoh . —Mr C . Asbtbt gave notice for an earl y day to more for a numl bsr . of papers connected with tbe administration of the foreign affairs of this country from the year 182 S down to the present time ; the intention being to Illustrate certain charges of high crimes and misdemeanors , which it was his intention to br ng against tbe noble lord , the present Secretary fot Foreign Affairs . ( Laughter . ) Thh Abbbsss . —Mr Hrrwoon moved tbe address upon thespeech . He lamented that he could notcongratulate tbe bousejontbo flourishing condition of the coun try , Heattrlbuted tbe exiatingdepresslon to tbe en ormons amount of railroad speculations , on wbleh £ 161 , 000 , ( 110 had been already expended , andfor whtoh £ 1 * 8 , 000 , 000 more were bow rtquired . There must also be added the dfnotes t harvest pf last year , the failure of the potato crop , the deficiency of the eupply of cotton , thoover-speeulatlonof many East Indian bouses , and also tbe over-speculation
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in corn . In consequence of the conjoint operation of these causes a panic in tho commercial world bad taken place , and money could not be feund for the or . dlnary discount . of bills . In the midst of that panic Lord J . Rusell and Sir C . Wo ^ d bad recommended tho directors of the Bank of England to' enlarge their discounts ; and he believed that if such measure bad not been adopted , the mischief would have been ' much greater than it had actually proved to be . Tho l » tterof tbe 25 th of October had restored public confidence ; and he was hoppy to aay thot yesterday the Bank bad reduced
its discounts to seven per cent , acd tbat there was every prospect that it would soon be able to return to lis usual terms ol monetary accomodation . Aft * r adverting to tbe views for 'vigorous measures of rtpresnion' for Ireland , tho favuurablojrojpeots of our foreign relations , the necessity of an examination into the Navigation Laws , and of providing better arrangements to meet the approach ofthe obolera , he concluded ly describing the sufferings of tbo working classes in tho manufacturing districts , and tbe patience with which they bore them . Mr Sbapto Adaie seconded the address and followed
In the s & ma strain on the same topic . Mr GbattaN said he was compelled by an imperative sense of duty to object to the address wbicb had just beenproposed . He thought that there were other and better means of probing the wounds of Ireland than by the soU dier ' s bayonet . ; He reprobated the atrocious ' crimes which hod . been -recently prorated in Ireland , and felt that fee wae stripped of half the armour which he ought to wear in defence of his country , by the deadly 'Weapons wielded by some of Its un . worthy ' sons . The members for Ireland were n-it ef opinion , that enough had been done to relieve the distress ef Ireland . Tbey did not think that the Poor Low had answered—they knew tlist it hadifailei '—they wtre aware that six boards of guardians had either resigned or bi-en superseded—they believed tbat the property Of Ireland was gone ; and , therefore , they were determined to propose an omniflmentcalliBg for further relief . He then gave the house » glowing picture ot
tho distress whleh now prevailed in Ireland , attributing it partly tn absenteeism , partly to the ej-xtmentajstem , but principally to tbo Union . He wished te see a solid union between Great Britain and Ireland—not an union , between wealth and poverty , productive of no amalgamation between the two countries—not a mere parchment union- but an union of hearts and interests . Aftor alluding to the overthrow efSir It . Peel's govt rn . ment , because be had introduced coercive measures without any measures of relief , he told thememberg of the present administration that he would give them a coercive act now , provided that they would limit it to the connties in which outrages were committed , and would accompany it with si'me largeand remedial measute . He concluded a speech of some'length , by moving an amendment declaratory of the necessity incumbent upon government to devise immediate measures to av . rt pestilence and famine from a large , number of her Majest )' s subjects in Ireland .
' . i Mr Boone roaonttdor feelings of great shame . ind humiliation to address tho ho ' ns ' e on' this occasion . He was obliged to admit that the state of agrarian crime in sit counties of Irelaud was'far worse than any description of it whlcU had jet appeared in the public , press . The-state of poverty and social disorganisation was frightful'toa degree— -it was not a war of class against class , but it was a complete state of social anarchy . It was , " therefore , an occasion on whichthe seconder of the addiexa should propose something more than the . mere vulgar expedient of tho bayonet . Yea , coercion was a vnlgor expedient , and perfectly futile , as had been proved by the experience oi centuries . He then . procot ded to trace the prevalence of crime in Ireland to three causes : —1 st . The universal ppv < rty and distress of " the people ; 3 dly , the ' unfortunate s ' tate of tho relations befcii' 6 * n landlords and tenants ; and Sdly , misgoverriinerit , not only in past times , but also in the present conduct of the Executive . He next vindicated the people of
Ireland , from the charge' of being assassins and murderers , and denied that there was anything in tbe Celtic blood which rendered those In ¦ whose vein ' s it flowed prone to . disorder and crime ;" - He therefore cou ! d not a' - ' ceda to any Coercion Bill , until the government had first inquired Into the social evlla-of thocouritry , and had afterwards done its best to remedy them , He thought that the ex « isting law was sufficient to' meat the present outrages , if that lap , ' , were systemoticallyand iffcctively enforced , whicbas ' yet it neyer , ; bad been . by the present ' governme . rit . ^ . > A . fter , sbpwing J that the system of judicial trials in Ireland ' was ineffective , ' , that' the . police ' . ' system was equally . inoperative , and , that the . management of tbo rzei ' ' & tire ' d ^ p ^^ ra ( ' . or | gdrerom £ . rit io Dublin wag very defective , he ' caiIod On ' . ' tbe . gpvernnienl and parliament to do 'justica 'to irelahd bj ' Bettlin ' g . the existing relations between landlords' and tenants , by feeding , thd starving , by not lettiSg'Hho' pbpuJa | tipn dio of want , and by re-organisingtbVexe & atira ' goyernnienf in . Ireland .
. '' MrjDB ' nutfoK'd cAlied ' p ^ their ' repeated prbmisrV ' tp'treland ? ' and no longer support ari'EstabllsTledv'Ohurchi ^ tKat country which wafl only'the eh' urbh ' ortW ^ ^^ ^ ' [ ' '' . Sir'O : GBEV-o ' bjecte'd to . ' th ' e / amendment , ai embodying thO'ddngerbus an ' d ' B ^ grading ? prisclple of constant and exclusire deperid a ' nc e ' up . bii ihe -government , j when all ' clas fie ' s ' of the Irisb p ' edp l ^ Bn ' o < ii ' d' ^' taught the principle of ( self-reliance . Tbe Poo ' r ^ aw had not proved so utterly ^ in ' operativea 'ln ^ Irelan ' d ^ aa Sonie ' . hifeourablej members ha'd , hastily . 'assumed . ' ' He cbula . hpf consent tbatithe house vbonidinoWfpletfge itself—^ as thealiiencU m . ent ; - < callo'd ' . upi > ni ; it !! to dS ^ tbido ' . ' evcrylfelnglfor the . peoplBudf ! Irelondcby lMl 8 ih ' g ' 'ont ' to' - 'ihem ; tbe hopes of permanently ! receiving ; ' ¦ that lasefftance" frbm this ' country > . whiflh 'wasvrea-dily aecrirded 'ihem ' in ' a ^ time ' of droMmgsnocCBslty . ' ! ' PTheheVer extraneous aid should be
necessary , ^ theigorernmeB ' ' t ' would ' make ' a' 'judicious nse of theimeans ' . alreafly ; placed W its ' eisp'osal' b y'Parilameht . ; i : 'He . didinbtTforesee ; ' ' nd ^ be anyneoesstty fora'ifurtber ' Bpp ! Watioh ' ' 'fb ' r ' ni . briey for tlilspurpose . -iAs ' totbe cr ! m > s Whfcb " ba d bseri . ' alluded tons prevalent in Ireland , the government ' were"hV post session of no Information whish jjifstifled the belief tha * they were universal . iChvthe ; cohVrary , they wcre only confined to a few districts of tho coontry . T The 'question of landlord and tenant bad earnestly engaged tbe attention ofthe Lord , Lieutenant , and it was the present intention of the government to submit , at as early * day as possible , a measure to Parliament on that subject . As to the Poor Law he hoped ; that honourable , members would suspend their judgments nntil the information was laid , before them which the Poor Law board would shortly supply , and concluded by urging Mr Orottop to withdraw his amendment . ' ¦ , J
i Mr Johh O'Conneh , saw no necessity for waiting fbr any further information before rtcording his con'demtuh tion ofthe Poor L * w as . utterly inadequate tb ' tbo task assigned , it , unless- accompanied by some large ancillary legislative measun-s for tbe relief and sustenance of tho people , i Tho condition of Ireland was now woTsetfcan it ' was this time lost year , and be regretted to' see no measures of relief foreshadowed by . the government to alleviate the unprecedented destitution which nOw existed . Unless * s > . me such measures were ' promised and carried out , ha could not consent to arm tbe government with extraordinary powers for tbo suppress ! , n of crime lu Ireland . Tho object of the amendment was to draw from the government some specific declaration as to bucU
[ metisurcs , and he trusted the bouee . would accede to it . It was for at tempting to carry a CoerclMi Bill , without ' 'laying the ax » to the root of the tree' of Irish grievances , tbat Sir R Paul was turned out ' oi office ; and what were the present government now bent upon but a policy Identically tho same with that which hurled their predecessors from tf . eir posts . He cautioned the government to remember their orrn declaration , eighteen mouths ago , that coercion was at an end , and tbat justice was to be- done to Ireland . They now proposed to act in the teeth of their declarations , by -throwing themselves once more up nn coercion , after having refrained for eighteen months from doing one act of that justice to Ireland concerning which they wore so eloquent in opposition .
Sin B , Hali . beliered that arter Sir 6 . Grey ' s speech tbe amendment would have been withdrawn but for the speteh of the hon . member who had just sat down . He would ask tbat hon . member what he bad done for the people ef Irolond . ( Hear , hear . ) Tbe English people had sent over eight or ten millions sterling to relieve their distress , and that in . mense sum had !>• en promptly and cheerfully created . . The member for Kilkenny held a distinguished position among bis c & untijmm , and in . stead of doing anything practical to relieve their distr . as , he bad sanctioned tbe use of language towards them of the most inflammatory nature . ( Hrar . hear . ) Language inciting to msrder and assassination had been used in bis presence , nnd tbat , too , by high dignitaries in his own . church , and he had not , by word or gesture , reproved
that language . ( H > ar , hear . ) Tbe hon . msmbir had said that before coercion bills should pass , he would fall a vie in-on the floor ofthe Houseof Commons . No won > ltr , then , if the bun . member should oppose such measures , if it onlywiro to retard his own immolation , ( Laughter . ) Let the houne onl y see into what state Ireland has been brought by tho agitation going on In that country , One , repeal association was bad enough , but uow „ thcre were no less than four . He hail m hesitation in saying that the scheme cf repeal carried on by some of them from jear . to year , without ever coming to any . ihing , was . one . ofttu ) ureatestpoHtical humbugs that had ever been perpetrated . ( Hear , hear , ) Ha verily btlitved that bad it not been for the motion place * on the paper by the honmember for Nottingham ( Mr F . O'C nnor ) ,
. the question of repeal would have been allow-d to pass over this year as it had In former years . ( Hear , hear . ) But for ihat . m- . 'tion he had made up his mind to put a question Which should p « t repea l at once upon , ts merits before the Hou . c of Commons . ( llr » r , toir . ) He bf . lleved that with the hon . member for Kukenny it waa a amerefocmde paiUr . He renumbered to have heard a man-whom he admitted to have been on * of tho great . « a of his day bo meant the late hon . and learned mm . b " for Cork ( Mr D . . O'Oonnel)—state tbat he wenld lay bis head upon the block if repeal were not carried within six months from tte date of his observation . Still tbo
same as ertions were made , still the same humbug carried on in the face of the people of Ireland . ( Hear , hoar . ) The ban . barone t proceeded to enumerate the four political associations now existing in Ireland , and U quote speeches of the hon . member for Kilkenny made In each . In two or three of those speeches , tbe hot ) , member bad vowed to 4 ia on th * flwi of vh « Honse of Commons before bo permitted a Coercion Bill to pass for Ireland . All he ( Sir B , Hall ) could say was , that if such a catastropheshould happen fcis hon . frimd , tbe member"fear Pinsbury , would be in readiness to h' -ld tbe necessary Inquiry . ( Hear , and laughter . ) He boliaved that th « -ws was a claf « of mtn in Ireland- be meant the Roman
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 27, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_27111847/page/7/
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