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T L ¦ of to be the wiswhich the ejectmen...
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REGISTER I REGISTER I REGISTER
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Co (EOYvc$povtotnt$
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J. Sweet acknowledges the receipt of the...
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PUBLIC MEETING IN THE TOWER HAMLETS ON WEDNESDAY NEXT , THE 2.\ t> OF MAY.
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THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, APRIL SS, 1849.
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THE LAND
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THE SEA-BOUND. DUNGEON. While commission...
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW. The Navigation Bil...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
T L ¦ Of To Be The Wiswhich The Ejectmen...
APKIL zo , lo- ^ y . 4 . TKLE NORTHSftiML i _ ^ — - — - . == 513
Register I Register I Register
REGISTER I REGISTER I REGISTER
Ad00410
Now Published , and ready for circulation , by the 5 aiio . vaIi Election axd Registratiox Committee , A COMPLETE HAND BOOK AND GUIDE TO REGISTRATION , compiled from the Reform Act and other Parlianientarv Papers , making the subject of Registration so plain and simple , as to bring' it within the capacity of all classes . Published by James "Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head-Eassagc , PateniOater-row , London , and seld by all ookselicrs in the United Kingdom . Price , only Three Pesce . May aihohc had of the Secretary , 3 . \ jies Gnussrst , 8 , Soak ' s Ark-court , Stangate , Lambeth .
Ad00411
THE 6 UEAPZST EMTIOX EVER rCBUSHEO . Priea Is . 61 , A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plat * of the Author , » f PAINE'S POLITICAL W 0 BKS . Xow lieady , a 3 few Edition of MR . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS .
Ad00412
THE LABOURER MAGAZINE . Ydls . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , may still be had , neatly bound , price 2 s . Gd . each Xo . 4 , the >" uniber containing Mb . O'Cosxob ' s " Treatise on the National Land Company ;" Ko . , the one containing 31 b . O'Gosxob ' s Treatise " On the National Land and Labour Bank in connection with the Land Company : "Have lately been reprinted , and may be had oa application , Pric- ; itJ .-eavii . luquofrctions of the ' Labourer Magazine' may still be had at llie Publishers . \
Ad00413
In a neat Volume , Price Is . Cd . * ' The Evidence taken by the Select Committee of the House of Commons appointed to enquire into the National Land Company . " This Voluir . e ought to be in the hands of every Member of the Goiujiaisy , as if strikingly illustrates the care anil economy tliat have been practised iu the management of the Funds of the Company , and proves , beyond contradiction , the j » rctcti ..- » Uh ' ty of the Plan which the Company was established to earn out
Ad00414
Just published , No . III . Price Sixpbsce , op THE COMMONWEALTH . "THE COMMONWEALTH" wUlbe the Bepresentative ef the Chartists , Socialists , and Trades' Unwnists , in the Monthly Press . CONTESTS : 1 . What is to be done with Ireland ? - 2 . The Yi ' eavcr ' s Daughter . 3 . Extinction of Pauperism . . 4 . PojouVr Cause in Europe . 5 . So-la ! Enc-uts of Peasant Proprietorship . 6 . The Ili-r- ? . 7 . Events of the Month .
Ad00415
SS & POS ^ AmT PT / BtlCATIOITS . Proceedings of the National Convention , ' torlrich assembled at London iu April , 1818 . TJdrtu two very large and solid pages : price only Threepence . The Trials of the Chartist Prisoners , Jones , Fussell , Williams , Vernon , & Looney . Twenty four very large and full pages : price only Three peace . Sold 3 > yJ . Watson , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternosterxow , London ; A . lleywood , Oldhani-streei , Manchester ; and Love and Co ., -5 , Xt-lson-street , Glasgow . Aud by all Uwfcellcrs in Tows and Countrv .
Ad00416
POLITICAL EALiXCIPATIOX . PUELIC MEETING OFTilELVllAlilTAXTSOF THE TOV . 'ER HAMLETS Will be held at the BRITISH SCHOOL BOOMS , COWPER-STBEET . CITrJtOAD , Ox WEDNESDAY , MAT 2 . nd , 1849 , For the- purpose of considering the propriety of adopting " A Petition to Parliament in Support of the Principles of the People ' s Charter . ' " GSOHGE THOMPSON , ESQ ., M . P ., IS INVITED TO rSESIDE . The undermentioned Members of Parliament and Gentlemen are expected to attend : —Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . 1 * . ; T . S . Ilancombe , Esq ., M . P . ; Thos . VTakley , Esq ., JLP . ; Chas . Lusldn ^ km , Esq ., M . P . ; Mr . Thomas Cooper ; George lisWss , Esq . ; Mr . B . O'Brien ; Mr . William Xovett ; Henry Vincent , Esq . ; Mr . Walter Cooper ; Mr . A . B . Stewii ? ; Mr . Chas . Gilpin , and the Executive Committee of the ClKirtist Association . Chair to be talceu at Half-past Seven o ' clock . —Reserved seats ibr jLadits .
Ad00417
CHARTIST SILK FABRICS . MESSRS . CLARK AND "WARREN jj es most respectfidly to call the attention of the Democrats «> f Great Britain to the follomn ^ ' splendid assortment of Seek and Pocket Handkerchiefs , " Black Satin Vestpieces , Lu'lies' Chartist Coloured Satin and Tabby Dresspieces : : iUo a _ splendid assortment of Ladies' pfsiin and figured Seek Ties , ivbich have just come to hand from their manufacturer at Macclesfield , and it is their intention to forward them ( carri ^ e free ) to all parts cf Great Britain and Ireland at the following prices : — £ s . d . Ladies' i > res > -weces , fourteen yards to the dress , 3 s . jn-ryar . 1 " .. .. .. .. 2 2 0 Gentlemen ' s Extra Strong Black Satin Vestins , per Vest ~ . 0 10 0 Ditto , SecserclueS , Rich Oporto Bucapes , Plain and Plaided .. .. .. .. 0 5 6 Ditto , tJato , Satin Ducapes , Plaided .. 0 5 0 Ditto , dUto , Sapoleon Blue Satin Brussels . Crimson Borders .. .. 0 4 6 Ditto , ditto , Extra Rich Black Satin Turk , lLavy .. .. .. .. 0 4 3 Ditto , ditto , Black Brussels , Plain .. 0 4 0 Ditta , ditty , ditto , Tri-co-* loured Borders .. .. .. .. 0 4 0 Ditto , ditto , Green Satin Bucapes , Triwlon . re . ii herders 0 4 0 Ditto , ditto , Turu-un Satin . Brussels hi great variety .. .. .. .. 0 3 C Ditto , diifo , Rich Gala Plaids .. 0 3 C Ditto , Pocket Handkerchiefs hi great variety , fif-Jii Js . el ., : 1 nd upwards .. .. 0 2 C Ladies' Pi : im nad F % ured Seek Ties .. .. 0 1 S All communications to be addressed to Mr . THOMAS Cxailh , 3-J 4 , High llolborn , London , to irliom all Post-office orders must be sent made payable at the Bloomsbury Post-Office . The trade supplied on advantageous terms . AH orders ia town and country punctually attended to .
Ad00418
TO TAILORS . By approbation of Her Majesty Queen Victoria and Ilia lloyal Highness Prince Albert . Sow lieadv . THE LONDON and TAEIS SPUINGt « « f v-V ; V ? J l FASra <> XS *<* 1 S *> . hy Messrs . BESJAMIS iibAUamlCo ., 12 . Hart-street . Bloomsburv-squarc Xondou ; and-by VEOUGB BEKGEU , HolvweU-street ' Strand : a splendid PHI XT , elaboratelv finished , and « ul perM v cnloiiiyd . the LANDSCAPE , a correct view in the Queen ' s Botanical Gardens , London , ( bv special permission . ) the most magnificent place in Europe . This beautiful picture will be accompanied with the most novel , " ood fitting . ai , d fashionable Dross , Riding , Frock , and Huutin " Coat Patterns , both double and single-breasted ; Hussar ' s or Yoaih ' s round Jackets , plain and with sidrts ; single and doul'k-b :-easu-d Dress , Morning and Evening Waistcoats also the most fashionable and newest style Habit Pattern every yanwakuf part of each pattern fully explained , and an illustration of even-thing respecting Style and Fashionprice ltts . . Sold by Kead and Co ., 12 , Hart-street , Blooms ! toury-sqn .-uv . London ; ( i . Uerger , Holy-. vell-street , Strand - and all Booksellers in Town and Countrv . ' SEAD and ( . Vs ncir system of Cutting , just published , and wJl supersede everything of the kind before conceived . Terms , with particulars , sent post-free . Patent measures 5 s . the set , wilu full explanation ; Patent Indicator postl free , -s . ; Begistered Patterns to Measure , Is . each . nost . fee ^ dk *] P aletots same ) ; by Head and Co , " nd all . Booksellers m tbe United Kingdom . Post-office ordeTs and post stamps , taken as cash . Habits performed for the trade . Busts for fitting Coats on ; Bovs' Figures Fore xnen provided . Instructions in Cutting complete , for all Jandi of . "style and Fashion , which can be accomplished in an incredibly short timt .
Ad00419
IXSTAXT EASE—LASTIXG CUKE . Price Is . per Packet . ¦ DEAXDE'S ENAMEL , FOR PILLING ^ r \^ ^} V ^ l ' and REXDERIXG THEM SOUKD AND PALSIES- * , has , from its unquestionable excellence , obtained great popularity at home and abroad Its curative agency is based upon a TIIUEIHEOILY of the ™^ f .. Twt , I-Ac !> . ana hence Its great success , Bv most other remedies it is sought to kUl the nerve and Sostop the pain . But to destroy the uerve is itself a very fi ^»» . «* often leads to very sad consequence ? w ^ h / b fc < Muesadead ^ stance in tfie livirii K ? f UCCS , , same amount of mHammation and pain as would result from any other foreign body embedded inalmug organ . BRAXDE'S EXAMEL ° does not dStroy ™ n ™ - b f' 1 * raSKHUXG THE SHELL OF THE IOOTH completely protects the nerve from cold , heator Chemical or other agency by which pain is caused / By fblferle cnnpTh ^ 5 ? *< " «*> aVda ewryyacket ^ " ^ " *«««» " « acco mpany ^^^^^^ BXSSi'K ? a fev ?^ 1 ' Can ^ ffillL ' J " Address : W ' induce ! 1 S £ ^ aff ! £ L £ * £ " * ¥ •»««»¦ ^ s imitations , and to codT ^ B ^ T ? £° P rodu ce spurious positions by sceh ^ thTthe * w > TsL ^™ ™ im panies each packet . 0 f JoHN * W 3 > ac «> m-Sold by all Chemists in the United Kino-dom t „ v , „*„ ffj TOMB of p" * , " ? * F % « KS £ SS ^ 3 East Temple Chambers , V ^ tefi & s , fieetstrest , London , m return , fer thirteen peony 8 i » £ p 7
Ad00420
CIRCULATION—THIRTY-FIVE THOUSAND ! T » H E FAMILY FRIEND , -L A MONTHLY rEBIODICAI , USRITALLED IS CHEAPNESS , INTEREST , AXD USEFULNESS , Price Twopence , Thirtv-two Pages , beautifully Printed , and stitched in a Wrapper , in neat Magazine form . As soon as the FAMILY FIUEND appeared , it was recognised as sometliingnew in literature . Its superiority to tho n-eat mass of cheap publications , became at once apparent —and hence , before the Fourth Number was issued , the circulation rose to THHITY-FIVE THOUSAND , and is still rapidly increasing . Upwards of one hundred newspapers reviewed the work in most favourable terms—all concurring in the opinion , that it is a publication which " should find its way to every family in the kingdom . " Every Number contains a Tale , an article upon practical Science , an Historical or Scientific paper , addressed to Young People , by "Aunt Mary , " or by " Grandfather Whitehead , " a mass of Useful Keceipts and Prescriptions ( this department being edited by a Mehbeb of the Medical Profession ) ; Original Illustrated Designs iu Fancy Needlework ( by the celebrated Mrs . Wabbes ) ; Instruction and Advice for th & Gardener , Housewife , Naturalist , & c , *« . Various humorous matters , such as Anagrams , Arithmetical and other Problems , Enigmas , Conundrums , Kebuses , Practical Puzzles , Chess Problems , & c , & c , for Family Pastime . Already the Work has supplied valuable matter upon pleasing pursuits—such as the Culture of Flowers , the Preservation of Flowers in Winter , the Preservation of Birds , Eggs , Insects , Shells , Mosses , Ferns , & c , and an interesting Series of papers upon the Presentation of "Sea Weeds " is now going on . Thus it contributes to make Winter Fireside Evenings and Summer Wanderings , alike agreeable and instructive . The Work commenced January 1 st , 1819 , and a Number has appeared every succeeding month , up to the present . New Subscribers are . stron $ y advised to order the whole of the Back Numbers at once ( Price 2 d . each ) , that there may be no difficulty in procuring them hereafter . London : Published by Houlston and Stoncman , Go , Patemoster-row , and sold by all booksellers in the kingdom .
Ad00421
TO BE SOLD , PAID-UP FOUR-ACRE SHARE , in XX the National Land Company , for £ 2 10 s . All applications to be made to Joseph Sweetlove , at the National Land Office , 144 , High Holborn .
Ad00422
TO BE SOLD , TWO PAID-UP FOUR-ACRE SHARES in the National Land Company . Any reasonable ofiVr will bs accepted . Immediate application requested , as the parties are about to emigrate iu a few days . Apply at Mr . Sturgeon , 27 , Willow-street , Paul-street , Finsbury .
Co (Eoyvc$Povtotnt$
Co ( EOYvc $ povtotnt $
J. Sweet Acknowledges The Receipt Of The...
J . Sweet acknowledges the receipt of the following sums for the Victim Fund ( sent herewith ) , viz .: —Mr , Knott , 3 d . ; Chipiudale , Cd . ; from the Colonel Hutchinson , 5 s . KntKDAiE Gaol , April 23 rd , 1 S 43 . —Mr . Editor : —Please to announce to your readers that all future couunuuications for the imprisoned Qliartists at Kirkdale , near Liverpool , should be addressed for George White , James Leach , John West , or Daniel Donovan , as we are now in a yard to ourselves , and have no connexion whatever with any other parties . There is no need to go into any particulars . Our friends will oblige by acting on this announcement Yours truly , Geobge White . Mr . P . Uamsat , Granton Quay . —Received . Mr . Marsdes , Uolmfirth . —The notice would be chargeable as an udvertiieraent . Mr . T . H'Lacculan . — You should have enclosed the ad .
verbsement duty . Kiukdale Pbisosebs . — Thomas Ormesher has received from Rochdale , per Mr . Baker , 10 s ; Crage Yale , per Johu Smith , 6 s 9 ( 1 ; Manchester , per W . Roach ' s book , 2 s 2 d . The Bradford Relief Committee have received 10 s . from Bingley , being the proceeds of a lecture given by Mr . T . Shaw ; 3 s . of this sum was given to Mr . Shaw for Ms expenses , but he kindly returned it for the wives and children of the Bradiord victims . The South Eastebx . Railway Compant . —We have received a communication which states that from ' . ' 00 to 300 hands have been discharged by the Company , but from the very vague manner in which the letter is written , we cannot state the particulars . Mr . J . Mitchell . Jarrow . —AU right
Public Meeting In The Tower Hamlets On Wednesday Next , The 2.\ T≫ Of May.
PUBLIC MEETING IN THE TOWER HAMLETS ON WEDNESDAY NEXT , THE 2 . \ t > OF MAY .
My Friends , I shall have great pleasure in attending the meeting in the School-room , City-road , on Wednesday next , there to revive the old animal ; and I trust that the building will be crammed , to give me a good vapour bath ; and that the Government reporters , detectives , spies , and informers , will muster there in strong force ; and I also trust that my friends will appoint a judicious committee of
management , and a discreet chairman . I also hope that Thomas Cooper will attend , that we may shake hands upon the platform . And I now have to express an earnest hope that all Chartist squabbles are at an end , and for ever , and that our revived agitation will bo characterised by prudence , firmness , and resolution , as , believe me , that no power on earth can saS , * e the working classes from the increasing power of capitalists , save and except a thorough union and perfect understanding amongst themselves .
I had an invitation to attend a meeting at Brighton on the same night ; but , as I am not like Sir Boyle Roach ' s bird , and cannot be in two places at the same time , I must decline the invitation of my Brighton friends ; and I take this opportunity of thanking the O'Connorville Dinner Committee for their invitation to me for the 1 st of May , in commemoration of their location ; but they must bear in mind , that upon that night Mr . Hume brings his motion forward for the " Quadruped , " and I could not be absent .
I am obliged to forego the publication of my trip to Paris , as well as my reply to Robert Owen , as well in consequence of the press upon the columns of the " Star" as upon my own time , every hour of which is , I assure you , occupied . I hop © there will be a thundering mooting in the Sehool-roon ' i m Cowper-sireet , on Wednesday , and that Cooper will be there . Your faithful Friend and Brother Chartist , Feargus O'Coxnoe .
The Northern Star Saturday, April Ss, 1849.
THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , APRIL SS , 1849 .
The Land
THE LAND
"BE UP AND DOING , AND THE DAY IS OUR OWN . " Last week we congratulated our industrious followers upon tho conversion . of our dayscholar of Printing House-square to that policy which for years we have expounded , and to accomplish which , we have endeavoured to rally the industrious classes ; and it is our pride this week to adopt the maxim of our Sunday scholar of Fleet-street , which stands at the head of this article , and with which his commentary of last week is concluded . Not that our pupil is the inventor of the motto with which we have made our readers familiar , but because wg are always read y audwillmg to pass over long and stolid ignorance , when truth is ventilated through the most stupid brain .
As is our custom , when we comment upon the writings and opinions of others , we lay those Avritings and opinions unmutilated before our readers , iu order that they may put their own and not our construction upon them ; and with that view we here submit the princi pal portion of the article in the " Dispatch " of last week which runs thus : — But the Intellect and social progress of the English people have outlived a dispensation which was framed to govern serfs , villani and vassals . The upholding o the feudal theory in this Nineteenth Century is rapidly destroy mg the elements of our society , An hereditary aristocracy and the domination of great families are only practicable by perpetuating entail and primogeniture , by concentrating ine ot
territory the empire m the hands of a faw noble houses , and by surrounding a selected class with artificial political privileges abhorrent to the existing state of public opinion , and incompatihle with the prosperous condition of the great body of the " nation . To uphold a territorial nobility , we have systemat ically detached the masses of the people from that soil the property in which forms their guarantee for loyalty to the institutions of the country . n e have no yeomen tilling their own farms . They are all eaten out of house and land that the name and family of some feudal chief may overshadow a whole district . There are no small freeholders to maintain the political influence of themasses in the counties , which are handed over to the dependents of the great landholders . Farm after farm is consolidated—cottage after cottage is unroofed or nulled
down . AU Ireland is but a desert ; ruined , wrecked , swallowed up by the incubus of feudal predominance . Minister after Minister has cobbled , and patched , and plastered it in vain . Administration after Administration has heen split upon this sunken rock . Protestant ascendancy , that impudent and brazen humbug , never meant anything else than the maintaining of the British nobility in the dishonest plunder of Irish confiscated estates , and the portioning off T ? - lr ff ° ? s aud SOI 1 s-in-lawupon the fat livings of a church ?™ ^' oUi ia England and Ireland , is neither more nor ™ , ? l , S enteel out-door relief and theological poor ' rateifbr the benefit of aristocratic ineftcctuality , and aw ? 3 ! f * "ntecility of " foolish lords , " who are untaai ^ rflif ^? ^^ **» eiercise of their addled SterK ^ f ™ Sourpeoplecrowded and crammed Sw » iSVttWMMrtdty cellars , we wantthem distributed wet fte gentry to make it more productive , them
The Land
Selves more independent and virtuous , arid the masses more contended . Whatstops the way ! The institution of a privileged class who can only maintain their ascendancy by crushing ail the rest . We want a register for deeds , and a simple transfer , of , and title to , land . Who hinders the attainment of that which is already in the possession of every other civilised nation I The aristocracy , who would conceal their mortgages , and who would perpetuate the curse of a system of jurisprudence which feeds their younger sons and props their own frail power . Wo want men of business , thoroughly acquainted with the details of human affairs , to manage the public estate . Where is the hindrance ? It simply lies in this , that every public office is filled with the nobility and their dependents , who , utterly
unacquainted with the management of business , have , in the Woods and Forests , in the estates of Royal duchies , in the Admiralty , Ordnance , and fiscal departments , displayed such utter incompetency and such criminal neglect of duty , or downright corruption , that there is scarcely a single transaction in which they have officiated winch has not ended in a heavy loss to the nation . Our foreign relations and embassies , our colonies , are almost under _ tho exclusive management of the nobility . To what one diplomatic or colonial transaction can we turn without shame and disgust at the contrast it presents to ' the official aptitude , of the untitled agents of the American Republic ! Look at a whole island , the most fertile and the most favourably located in the world , whose inhabitants have been made
paupers by the nobility , and maintained with , the hard earnings of the English people—a kingdom depopulated of its subjects , and left almost tenantless to its lordly proprietary . If we have rebuked the insane violence of Irish rebellion—if we have denounced the irrational and disloyal treason of Chartist leaders—if we have , above the Babel noise of conspiracy , disorder , and rapine , raised tho warning voice of peace , law , and order—if we have maintained the ascendancy of constituted authority , and stood by the established foundations of the Constitution , it is not because we have been less persuaded of the necessity of lawful efforts to reform abuses , and a peaceful , intelligent , and orderly agitation for organic change . The aristocracy arc even now preparing for a great coup d ' etat . They think that a
majority m the House of Commons is a converted public opinion , and that if they can secure the predominance of votes , they can do without the suffrage of the nation . They are to turn the Ministry out , not because they do not go far enough , but because they go too far ; and it now becomes essential that they should be taught a lesson which they never can forget . The Jews must emancipate themselvesthe Dissenters must work out their own political salvation —the Irish , to bo free , must , with their own hands , strike off their fetters—the Free Traders and Financial Reformers , to hold their own , and make head-way , must give " war for war , controlment for controhnent . " Combine these forces , and who can resist them ? Let them fail to bind themselves together , and they will be broken one by one , like the bundle of sticks . Be up and doing , and the Say ' s our own .
The above , taken as a whole , furnishes the strongest justification for popular agitation , which has merged into Chartist agitation , and we rejoice in the conversion of our former opponent . Meanwhile , for the instruction of our own readers , disciples and pupils , we must analyse those passages which are most striking and conclusive , and we may say exculpatoryif not commendatory of Chartist enthusiasm;—nay , even of Chartist violence . Our pupil , anxious to float with the middleclass current , propounds , advocates , and supports our every social and political principle ; while , fearful of insulting the tender feelings of that order , he would make Irish rebellion and Chartist violence , the cause—instead of the effect—of aristocratic misrule , and middle-class monopoly .
Howbeit , as Rome was not built in a day , and as every beginning is weak , and as old prejudices must be rooted out before sound knowledge can be inculcated , we hail the conversion of this pupil of our Sunday-school , as last week we rejoiced in the conversion of our day-scholar of Printing House-square . It would not do to denounce feudal and aristocratic misrule , without throwing out a bait to that aggregated power and intelligence by which alone they-ican bo destroyed ; while—as is the case with all political writers , our pupil broadly hints that it is to be done for the people and not by them ; while our motto has heen —and is— " Whatever is done for the people , must be done by THE PEOPLE . "
True , Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , and Financial Reformers may present a bold front , and an overpowering phalanx , against the undisciplined and disunited feudal and aristocratic army ; but let it be remembered , that the battle is to be fought not by the skeletons , but by tho ranks , and that the representatives of Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , and Financial Reformers , who would contend not for general or even class equality , but for an equally destructive class superiority and preeminence , are but the skeletons ; while the people—who would 6 e equally oppressed under their rule , if not enfranchised and free—compose the body , the main army—who , if the thing is to be done , must do it for themselves .
Far be it from us to treat the conversion of our bitterest opponents , either socially , politically , or religiously , with sarcasm , illnature , or harshness ; upon the contrary , seeing the indispensable necessity of union , as the only means of accomplishing true Democratic liberty , wc seek no apology for past errors—mo reparation for the manifold injustices wo have received at their hands ; and if , after sudden conversion , they have not the grace to ask forgiveness , wc freely grant them absolution , on the condition that they will " go and err no more . " As is our custom , we shall now analyse the salient points of our pupil ' s "Theme . " He says , firstly ,
" But the intellect and social progress of the English people have outlived a dispensation which was framed to govern serfs , viliajii and vassals . " True , good child . The English mind has emancipated itself from all such thraldom , and it has passed from tho Press of bondage to the Press of freedom * , but , good child , do you give your tutors and instructors no credit for nationalising that for which you , and our other nowreformed pupils , were in the habit of sectionalising , and thus rendering inoperative , whileupon its very weakness , was established that feudal and aristocratic system of which you
now so prudentl y and justl y complain ? And are you not aware , good child , that until we established that Memoria Tecnica , by which we familiarised you and others with the injustice and folly of governing a civilised people by barbarous laws and institutions , that the public mind and feeling of this great country was sectionalised and divided , and capable of heing marshalled within a very limited area of agitation , androusedtomadnessuponaHi ghway Bill , a Turnpike Bill , a parochial dissatisfaction , or village squabble ? Are you not aware that
the large towns of Scotland—yea , of England and Wales—were only known to those of other districts by name ? That no identit y of feeling existed—that no identit y of interest was inculcated—until we , seeing that disunion was strength , and that if the feudal and aristocratic system of barbarism was to be destroyed for the people , it must be destroyed by the people , and not whimsically transferred from its present representatives to Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , and Financial Reformers , and , therefore , we told the people to BE UP AND
DOING , audtheDAY WOULD BETHEHl OWN . > Secondly , ourSunday . scholar , not to be outbid by our day-scholar , launches into a most eulogistic commentary upon the sub-division of the soil , which , doubtless , every reviler of the much reviled Land Plan will read with sorrow and dismay , while every member of that noble institution will peruse it with surpassing pride . xlG-S & YS t- " ^
dPhn 23 % ^ n a temt ° " ^ ' y . we have systematicaUy detached the masses of thepoople from that soil the , » ropertv ™ J ^ «»™ t ^ 8 « M « nte * - ** loyalty to the mltitl & ° t , C 0 Untri ; - , Y C have n , ° ye <> men tilling their own tarms . They are all eaten out of house and land that the name and family of some feudal chief may overshadow a twni » r " a There fl ° sraaUfreeh ° Wevstomiimtain me political influence of the masses in the counties which are handed over to the dependents of the great landholders Farm after farm is consolidated—cottage after cottace is unroofed or pulled down . " - •
Meantime , it becomes our dut y to point out the sli ght error into which'bur Sunday-scholar has fallen , when he makes the possession of count freeholds the prominent feature of the Land Plan . Here , again , with Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , and Financial reformers , as the skeleton of the reforming army , he altogether loses sight of the body of ttearmy , who , if in possession of the land to that extent which would make them independent of the skeleton , would have g ained the victory , and reaped the fruits themselves ; while if they rely merel y upon the predominant legislation of these five classes , the veritable workers would then be subject to five masters instead of one , and each as griping and more griping than the one to whose injustice they are now suhj ^ te ^ ajid , there-
The Land
T ^^ Sc ^^^ Ff ^^^ ' ^ f '^ « n -Hof of-A- sufficient amount of land ^ A ^ lto : p ^ -a »» to « 7 « f Ze five classes , Y ? £ T ^ l ? T 3 £ i make all independent /^™ s £ rf ™ at ^ S ^^^ f ^^ hzw ^
butchers to preserve peace—and independent of tho leg islation of monopolists , who create wholesale destitution , starvation , and death , bvthe inability of the consumer to check the monopoly of the retail dealer in his food . Good child , the small freeholders that would maintain the political influence , not of the masses , but of thelmoney lords , would then become substitutes for thefoudal lords , as it is evident , althoug lv obliged to grasp at the general principle , youwoiildcorifinetheapp licationotthe soil to the mere establishment of a rural constituency , sufficiently powerful to create a
middle class -labour-trafficking ascendancy ; while we go further than the mere creation of the middle class balance of power , we go io the extent of locating every surplus hand , made surplus by new inventions , restricted markets , foreign competition , and European revolutions , upon the land of their birth ; thus saving the industrious classes over twenty millions a-year in poor laws , military and police establishments , and quibbling litigation . We say the industrious , because were it not for industry the feudal-lords would live upon grasp or perish , and the cotton lords would not even have a mealof raw cotton , as without the app lication of industry they could not purchase the raw material ; while , upon the other hand ,
if the Laud were legitimately applied to its natural purposes , the property of the landlords would be increased , tho markets of the cotton lords would be extended , and the national resources of the country would be cultivated by the standard of national requirement , and this will be accomplished when the people are up and doing , and then the day will be their own . But , good child , why , in developing , those great principles , or , rather , foreshadowing them , did you not apologise for your incessant and
unmitigated abuse of the Land Company ? Were you fearful lest its members shouki ^ not be susceptible to the " soft impeachment" ' oi the Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , and Financial Reformers , for whose elevation to political power , we fear , though not bold enough to admit it , you have ventured upon the advocacy of our system ? Good child " ! Thanks- —a thousand thanks —yea , a million thanks— . for the following noble-minded , although not original , passage . You say : —
"In place of having our people crowded and crammed together in huge towns and city cellars , we want them distributed over the country to make it more productive , themselves more independent and healthy , and virtuous , and the masses more contented . " What , then , most welcome convert—most precocious pupil—have you tasted the foetid atmosphere of our large towns and unhealthy cellars ? Have vou beheld the attenuated frames of the artificial serf , thedepraved habits of the-ornaments ' -of tho world—women ? . the emaciated bodies , twisted limbs , and distorted features of the little younglings , -who are consigned to those large towns and loathsome cellars ? and have you como to the conclusion that the cultivation of the soil would be a
more profitable employment , and the country air a more healthy atmosphere ? But when next you behold these revolting groups of impoverished Christians , bear in mind the Jews , Free Traders , and Financial Reformers have coined the mail ' s sweat , the woman ' s virtue , and the child's gristle into gold , and that they live luxuriously ; while the creators of that gold pine away , and lead a lingering and tortured life , and are prematurely consigned to the cold grave , for want of the proper application of the Laud , which is God ' s gift to man : and have you now discovered that the vegetables you eat , and the meat you consume , are produced by the Land , and not under the huxter ' s stall or the butcher ' s block ?
We pardon you for having adopted our words , a thousand times printed ; and we ask you , for the one thousandth time , to show us twenty acres of land in all England cultivated to one-fifth part of its capability of yielding ; whilst—strange anomaly— -we are looking for the produce of other Lands , not upon the Christian principle of humanity , but upon the Free Trade principle of monopoly ; as those who traffic in labour are conscious that it can be most easily procured—and at the cheapest rate—from an impoverished and dependent Labour class , who will yet bo up and doing , and the day will be then their own . Again , our pupil concludes with a most striking passage . He says : —
"If we have rebuked the insane violence of Irish rebellion —if we have denounced the irrational and disloyal treason of Chartist leaders—if we have , above the Babal noise of conspiracy , disorder , and rapine , raised the warning voice of peace , law , and order—if we have maintained the ascondnncV'of constituted authority , and stood by the established foundations of the Constitution , it is not because we have been less persuaded of the necessity of lawful efforts to reform abuses , and a peaceful , intelligent , and orderly agitation for organic change . "
Alas I with what strange facilities magicians convert pigmies into giants , or mountains into mole-hills . How well we remember the profound sarcasm with which our pupil treated the pigmy Irish , rebellion , which his constitutional ardour has now . charmed into a martial giant . Falstaff ' s men in buckram were no parallel to his original denunciation , while his fervid imagination is now wrought upon by Free Trade necessity . ' < And then the molehill of Chartist revolution is nursed to
mountain size ; while the very article—a portion only of which we have extracted—would have justified Irish rebellion , and English revolution , if anything could justify the act . But what is it that thus haunts the genius , and frets the mind of our converted pupil ? It is the conviction that neither Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , nor Financial Reformers can now , as of yore , urge the united Chartists of England on to madness when their struggle requires Chartist co-operation , or sootho them down to mean and subservient sycophancy , when their enthusiasm lias transferred landlord feudal power to cotton-lord political monopolv .
So much for our head pupil of Fleet-street ; and now a word on the letter of our friend " Caustic , " who has also written , in the same number of the " Dispatch , " most enthusiastically upon the Land Plan . Wo would remind our friend that he lives in the age of reason and quick progress , and would , therefore , point out the error of basing hope of location upon the new plan , at so distant a period as twenty-five or twenty-soven years . Bnt to use
our friend s words . He says : — "If he is a young man , for a homo in middle age ; if a middle-aged man , for ft shelter when he has left off work ; if an old man , for a legacy to those whom he then cares more about than himself—for his children . If he is unfor tunate , and cannot continue his payments , his money is not lost to him or his . lie may have it back on due notice , without interest , and he serves the society by leaving it , since that use of it has advanced their progress , and lie claims none of the reward . " '
Now , our answer to the above is , " Live horse and you'll get grass ; " while we much doubt if our friend ' s love of posterity will , in anywise , induce him to abridge his present comforts , in order that his successors—whether children , or grandchildren—should reap the reward of his frugality . In conclusion , we rejoice in the conversion of our Sunday-scholarj and no doubt the article upon which we comment is but the text of many long sermons yet to be preached upon the COBDEN-SCHOLEFIELD
FREEDOM FOR THE MILLION'S plan , and to the success of which we shall cheerfully contribute , not forgetting to remind our pupil of the slander we received at his hands . for attempting to convert a civilised class of town-inhabitanta and cellar-occupants into EVftAMUmc SAVAGES . How-
The Land
ever as ¦ '' The folly of to-day may be the wisdom ' of the morrow , " we rejoice that our folly has imparted wisdom to our pupil , and we assure the working classes that nothing short of tho application of the soil to the sustamment of these who have been made an artificially surplus population will ever lead to Irish peace , to Chartist tranquillity , and national happiness ; and that nothing will ever accomplish such an appropriation of the land but the adoption of - , ;„ ,.. „ ^^ ,, „
THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER ; and , therefore , we conclude in our own words , adopted by our own pupil , " Let tho people be up and doing and the day is their own ;" but they must be up and doing for themselves , and not merely for Jews , Dissenters , Irish , Free Traders , and Financial Reformers .
The Sea-Bound. Dungeon. While Commission...
THE SEA-BOUND . DUNGEON . While commissioners , placemen , pensioners , stipendiary magistrates , soldiers , policemen , spies , detectives , informers , gaolers , turnkeys , masters of workhouses , lawyers , captains and crews of transport vessels are making merchandise and living luxuriously upon Irish destitution , famine , and death , the representatives of that sea-bound dungeon are squabbling , like Kilkenny cats , as to the mode of raising the paltry pittance of £ 250 , 000 a-year , for two years , to preserve the lives of those by whoso unwilling idleness , unnatural subserviency , and
dependence , famine , starvation , and . death have been engendered . The Irish , squabble in the House of Commons has assumed the tone and character of a Protection and Free Trade Controversy . The landlords , unwilling to contribute the smallest modicum to the reparation of their own wasteful and unproductive management , contend for an Income Tax ; while the traders , merchants , and shopkeepers support a sixpenny Rate in Aid , not upon principle , but as the means of relieving themselves from taxation : while the Government sit tamely by , holding the balance of power based , as ever , upon Irish dissension and
disunion . What Englishman , or what Irishman in England , can read the following heart-rending scenes of misery and suffering in a land—according to the true admission of Mr . Bright"fcapable of sustaining double its population , without coming to the irresistible and inevitable conclusion , that with the Government or with the Irish landlords—or with both—tho crime of death has originated and the perpetuation of national misery fostered ? Does the sole duty of a Government consist in extracting an Exchequer out of the weak and disunited millions , to uphold a military establishment and police force , for the sustaining the idle sons of a bloated aristocracy upon the old feudal system ?
Here follows tho picture of Ireland , not drawn by an interested demagogue , by a Catholic priest , or a political journalist , but by a Clergyman of the Established Church , and addressed to the Prime Minister of England , tho representative of the head of that Church : — ' The Famine The most afflicting accounts of the condition of the western districts arc daily received . All classes are suffering dreadful privations—the poor are perishing in numbers , whilst those who had struggled against adversity , up to this time , are on the gulf of bankruptcy . ' The llev . James Anderson , rector and vicar of Ballinrobc , and VrotesUmt chaplain of the BaWinrobe workhouse , has addressed a letter to Lord John Russell , describing the horrible scenes which he is hourly compelled to witness .
. Can'it be possible ' . ' says-the reverend gentleman , "that we are to be left to die , and be lost wholesale in tills truly wretched country * . Ilere now the cholera has reached us , and no wonder , ft > r really language cannot express the deplorable condition we arc in . Wc have a workhouse built but for 800 ; how often do I find over 2 , 000 stuffed into it ? Besides this , the auxiliary establishments , temporarily got up , are crowded to a frightful excess ; the paupers , of course , dying in awful numbers , and even on the public roads at noon-day . In fact , death has hurried multitudes away who might have been saved had small timely aid been afforded , and his disnstrous work still progresses with increasing power . For a year and more the workhouse
hospital and fever sheds have been crammed to overflowing with patients . I myself , a few days since , saw in one bed ( five feet three inches wide ) ten large children , five being , I may say , the common complement . Hence hundreds of persons lives are being continually victimised , and then ' places again filled up in quick succession with fresh candidates for the grave , while the nurses and officials are all down in their turn . Misery is thus concentrated , as it were , ' in the workhouse , but , alas ! it is widely spread , and spreading faster and wider than ever , all over the country ifrevcry shape and circumstance ! I beseech you , my lord , that you will find out what is to be done , as something must , and that speedily . Your lordship may perhaps say , ' Why not get in the rates and feed and clothe the people ? Put all the medical aid and appliances
in requisition—strike new and higher rates—multiply auxiliaries , ic . In God ' s name , let us have no such mockery now , for the country itself is bankrupt—the lands are wasted—tho proprietors ruined—no rents coming in , and the better classes all flitting to other regions . Surely , my lord , if things proceed in this calamitous way we shall only find a parallel to our own case in the plagues of Egypt !" 'The vice-guardians are acquitted of all blamehy the Rev . Mr . Anderson , for they labour to their utmost from morning to night . The tax-collectors are in hopeless arrear ; for , after the most perilous exertion their books show a deficiency of £ 7 , 000 . Some of the creditors of the union , who cannot obtain payment for the supplies already furnished , are themselves on the brink of starvation . '
The Mayo Constitution , received this morning , says"Duringthe Quarter Sessions at Westport we witnessed a scene which we believed no state of misery or suffering could have brought about . It was that of hearing seventeen unfortunate creatures , convicted of various crimes , imploring the Court to Ivtiasport them from their native country , as their only refuge from the horrors of death from hunger , " The average deaths in the poorhouses of- Westport are set down at 100 per week . The following is an extract of a letter from Ballinrobe : — " On Monday , the 16 th inst ., I regret to inform you , a case of cholera occurred in the workhouse here , which proved fatal ; since then it has raged through tho town most fearfully ; few ( if any ) once attacked , have recovered . The mortality iu the workhouse is awful . What , with fever , dysentery , and cholera , the people are dying . like rotten sheep . " .:. |>?^ -v
Englishmen—Englishwomen—what think you of the above picture ? Have you read it ¦ without being moved to tears ? Can you contemplate upon it -without being roused to desperation ? To those who have originated , encouraged , and fostered such a state of things , we would say , — "Stand on the brink of it , dissolute man ; Think of . it—drink of it—then , if you can . " How can Ministers go to' the Treasury upon Quarter-day ? How can thoy reconcile to themselves the monthly payment of murdering soldiers and bloated bludgeon-men ? By what rule of right do they preserve the income of parsons , and the salaries of officials , according to that standard at which peace and plenty
established them , in the midst of such weeping , and wailing , and gnashing of teeth—and that in a country for centuries subject to British rule , and for forty-nine years subject to exclusive British dominion ? What say you now to your Tooting Tragedy , when you hear of TEN LARGE CHILDREN being huddled together in a bed five feet throe inches wide , or six inches allowed for each child ? Does it not call to your recollection that passage in the old play , where the Prince says to the assassins : —
"My GOOD RUFFIANS , what ' s your demand for killing two small children ?" Can you not imagine an official saying to an underling : — " My good Ruffian , what ' s your demand for killing TEN LARGE CHILDREN ? " Would it be possible to draw a more horrif ying picture than is furnished in the ahove accounts of Ireland ? Think of seventeen , men , whose virtues have been thwarted into vices by misgovernment , asking —nay , imploring-r-as a boon , to be transported from their native country , while the land of their birth is loudly demanding the application of then . ' industry . And think of many hours of the time of the House of Commons being spent in conveying a vote of thanks to Lord Govern and his army , for the massacre of men called rebels for boldly defending their country against the invasion of usurpers .
Ireland is truly a sea-bound dungeon ; and let us now see if we cannot trace , if not the origin , at least the fri ghtful augmentation , of Irish poverty , from its prime and original source—the deprivation of the people of their land . When it was necessary to carry Emancipation for the aggrandisement of a few leading Catholics , the measure was only granted upon condition that the Eorty Shillings Franchise tomki j , destroyed , and . the result of
The Sea-Bound. Dungeon. While Commission...
which . was , the ejectment Z ouroili three T to four hundred thousand i » milies , at that time constituting more than a-fourtli of the population , when they ceased to be political engines in the hands of their taskmakers . These small hold , ings were knocked into . large farms , the hovels , in most instances built by the serfs themselves , were levelled to the ground . " The blackness of ashes then marked where ' they stood , While the wild mother semmed o ' er her famishuij ; brood . " , ^ ^ TrT ^^ ..
No compensation was g iven to the serfs for the improvement of their : holdings , and they constituted the basis of a great pauper population . Thousands—yea , hundieds of thousands— , driven from their homes , fled to Saxon land , there to compete with the Englishman in the British labour market—the fact which has reduced the amount of English wages b y over thirty millions a-year , or more than would pay for Army , Navy , Ordnance , and Church Establishment . But yet not an influential voice was raised against this atrocity , because those who trade in the industry of others realise fortunes by this destructive competition .
Next came the Reform Bill , when a ten pounds interest in a fourteen years' lease was established as the lowest standard for the rural franchise ; and the landlords , again hoping to make merchandise of their serfs , made leases of small farms for fourteen years : but the term having expired in 1847 , and the landlords not being able to coerce that class of tenants , ejected them ; and hence has this second class of paupers been created . The occupants preferring—and naturally—to emigrate to some foreign land , rather than remain at homo to endure torture , and finish their existence by starvation .
Hence we show , indisputably , that the mismanagement of the Land in Ireland lias led to the misgovernment of Ireland—to the poverty of Ireland—and to the murder of the Tjj 5 h peop le ; while it has tended to debase the English character , and to depress the English labour market . Ireland is now coerced ; the Gaolcr-Geneval is the great magician who holds that impoverished country in servile thraldom . But let us appeal to the sense of feeling of their Irish brethren , having a little more liberty in
Saxon land . And shall we appeal in vain , when wc ask them to aid their countrymen , by their yet comparatively free voices ? and to get up such an ag itation in Saxon laud for the Repeal of the Union and Real Justice to Ireland , as will compel the haughty oppressor to bend his proud neck ? How often have wo told the Free Trade cormorants , that Ireland , it ' properly governed , with her laud productivel y cultivated , and her people productively employed , would be a better market for English
manufactures than those numerous colonies which are now upheld at such a frightful expense , and attended with such insignificant profit . In the long run , self-interest—if not justice—will open the eyes of all parties , and then we shall hope to see the Green Isle independent of English misrule ; when the Irish people will prove that they arc neither assassins , robbers , vagabonds , nor idlers , but will furnish the world with an example of industry and self reliance .
Parliamentary Review. The Navigation Bil...
PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . The Navigation Bill has at last passed through the Commons , and stands for debate in the Lords on Monday next . What its fate may bo there is yet doubtful The majority by which it was finally carried iu the Lower House had not increased . Tho Protectionist party mustered as strongly as they did upon the second reading , and , as far as numbers go , the Peers have a fair excuse for throwing out so important a measure , which has obtained such a narrow majority . The only question is ,
whether Lord Stanley and his party arc prepared to take the consequences of a successful hostile demonstration ; namely , the resignation of the present Government , and their own advancement to power , with all its responsibility and difficulties . Lord Stanley has been not inappropriately called the Rupebt or Mubat of political life . He is a hold , dashing , impetuous , and impulsive leader . It may be doubted , however , whether his discretion is
equal to his intrepidity , avd hence , as tar a 3 his individual character and feelings are concerned , Ave believe that he would face the cares of office without fear of the combinationof antagonists against whom he would have to contend , was it three times as strong as it will be , It is not , however , from his opponents—though these would include Peelites , Whigs , and Free Traders—that he has most to dread , should he take office . Ho would bo deficient of what is
most essen tial to a working Governmen t , n amely —men accustomed to the practical administration of public business . Peel has carried off all the practical executive talent of the party ; and , however able Diskaeli may be as a rhe « torician , he has yet to show that he possesses administrative ability . With the exception of Mr . Hermes , the Protectionist ranks possess Scarcely one man experienced in the actual management of public affairs ; and , under these circumstance , even if Lord Stanley should gain a victory , the formation of a Government would be a matter of infinite
difficult y ; and / if formed , its duration would he exceedingly brief . A General Election , upon some broad and intelligible principle , is tho only method by which the present comp lication , of parties can be unravelled , and a Ministry which possesses the confidence at least of a majority of the Electoral body , and of the Members returned by it , will alone be able to carry on the business of the country . At present it is at a standstill , because parties mutually check-mate each other : and the Cabinet is
prevented from falling to pieces , not because ol any cohesive power in itself , but by the mere pressure upon it of opposing parties from without . It is said that Stanley is beating up for proxies , and intends to show fig ht in earnest . We hope he will . Anything is preferable to tho present state of things , and if his policy has the effect of giving a vigorous and capable Administration to tho country , no mutter lioff that may he obtained , his countrymen will l > e indebted to him .
The debate on the third reading , in the Commons , was of a much higher , more earnest , and more interesting character than any that lis * taken place this session . Nearly all tl' « speakers wore mou of noto , and all spoke voll for their respective parties . Mr . Walpolk ' s speech contained an admirabl y reasoned and ably expressed resume of the arguments on the Protectionist side of the question . Sir James Graham , who speaks hut seldom , but who , when he does , is listened to with u niversal
respect and attention , gave an equallv pow erfill and eloquent exposition of the Fiw * TriU , ( 3 policy ; and Mr . Disraeli closed the Achate with one of the happiest and most powerful addresses he ever made in the House . ^ James fairly threw down the gauntlet to Low Stanley and the Protectionists , on the qu <* tion of reaction and retrogression t oward 9 a Protectionist policy . These two anc « J allies are henceforward determined opponent--On the first ni ght of the Session StasW frankl y declared that he adhered to Protect ion and would attempt reaction . Gkauam , m » Monday night , quoted this intrepid dedata ^ J and met it bv a counter-statement , in v »
he as openl y and uncompromisingly " t 0 oK . stand on this ground—opposition to roacu and support of progress . " The two pa ^ are fairly pitted against each other , ana natural cause of events , in future , will supp ; them with arnplo materials for frequen t co tests . In the meantime , while tho r Traders resolutely maintain their gronj ' their tone has somewhat lowered its haug « new- ; their promises are lees g lowing W * TO were of yore . Instead of pointing w » uUatioa to the realisation , of the wws »*
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 28, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_28041849/page/4/
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