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Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th November 1846, Edition 2 of 3, Page 7, etotomal an* jfamp: itttelUramt* .

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      Foriim Ittobementsf

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      *" « Jmd I Win War, At Least!* Werds, «A...

      *" « jmd I win war , at least !* werds , « a--snoaiainy chance so happen—deeds , ) T ffithaUwliowarwiai Thought !" ^ ink I bear a little Mrd , whosimgs ihepeop le byand by will be tie stronger . " —Brsosr . < rrjE AMERICAN AGRARIAN REFORMERS

      ( Conftnued / rom our last . ) ? ne several attempts we have enumerated to bring ? he subject of Land Monopoly and the universal right In land before the people were not fruitless , although Vow of producing the wished-for result . At length , ? ' jg ^ vigorous effort was made to form an AgrarianVrty , ami this attempt has been eminently ^ On the 4 th of March , 1 S 44 appeared the first numb er of ThelPeoph ' t Rights , under the editorship of Tahn Windt and George H . Evans . 01 the personal history of these two patriots , thb Gracchi of the American movement , we know but Tery little . Mr . Evans in 1829 had commenced a paper entitled The Tf yiinq Man ' s Advocate , which had an existence of duration

      some years , he appears also to have conducted papers entitled the . Daily Sentinel and The Mm ; but none of these papers ever came under onr notice . In 1 S 3 G ill health compelled him to retire from New Tork to New Jersey , where he cultivated a small farm w gr 63 * T art by his own hands . In course of time this return to nature restored Mr . £ vans to robust health , but though he loved his farm life and detested the iniquities and abominations of citv life , he felt called upon to make some sacrifice for the public goid . Twelve years' experience ( boy and ma «) as a mechanic , followed by eight years of the life of a ' practical agriculturist , had sufficiently shown Mr- Evans that neither description of labour was adequately remunerated ; thus convinced , and hem" not the less convinced of the grand remedy for

      { he evil he had witnessed in town and country , he determined , in hisown words . to " devote a few years ot the prime of life to an attempt to bring about a condition of society more in accordance with the national professions as set forth by Jefferson ' s immortal pen . " Accordingly Mr . Evans gave up his farm and returned to New York in 1844 , where , as above stated , he started The People ' s Eights . Of Air . "Winut , all « e can say is , tbatMr . Evans describes him as " one of the best of printers and most honest and self-sacrificing of men . " "We may here state that The People ' s Sig hts was started as a tri-weekly paper , simultaneously with which The Worldng Man ' s Advocate ( wnAer the same management ) was started

      as a weekly paper . After some time the tri-weekly was merged into the weekly paper , and subsequently the title of Worldng Man ' s Advocate was changed to that of Young Amenta . Mr . Evans has continued editor of these papers to the present time . Mr . " Windt does not now appear ostensibly in the character of " editor , " but he continues as Treasurer to the Reform Association to give active and efficient aid te the movement he assisted Mr . Evans to organisa . As one proof of the high estimation in which Sir , Wind ! must be held by his fellow-citizens , we mav mention that we observe his name In the National Reform Ticket for this year ' s Congressional election as candidate for the senatorskip of New

      York . We have abovespofeen of Messrs . Windt and Evans , as the Grachii of the American movement ; we should accompany this by remarking , that we know but Tittle of their oratorical powers , as their speeches but seldom appear in print ; but what the Roman Grachii wrought by eloquence of speech , Messrs . ffindt and Evans , accomplish by unceasing action and the eloquence of the pen . We are not inclined to " man-worship , " or " hero-worship ; " nevertheless , we hold it to be a duty to yield honour to whom honour is due ; and to these two brave , good men Tvindfc and Evans , mainly belongs the glory of originating and organising the National Reform Party . At the same time be it understood , we consider their noble compatriots—whom we shall hereafter name—io have also " deserved well of their country " and their kind , now and for ever .

      In the very first number of the new paper , the editors of The People's Rights manfully avowed their determination to agitate against the monster grievance of the present system—the monopoly of the soil . After showing that in Republican America the labourer does not receive the reward of his toil ; that that equality promised by the great charter of independence is not realised ; that the fear of the lash in the South , and the fear of want in the North , were creating races oi masters and slaves ; that in the hitherto free West , mercenary capitalists were rapidly buying up the public lands ; that even in the free states , crime and pauperism , prisons and poor-houses , are multiplying : -after showing these things , the editors of The People's Mights proceeded to announce their plan to remedy these evils . As that plan was subsequently adopted by the National Reformers , and continues to be the great and principal object of their agitation , we shall at once quote so much of the plan as will enable our readers to comprehend its main features : ¦—

      XOJJAt , BI 6 HT TO USD . The leading measure tbat we shall propose ia this paper is the equal right of eeerp man to the free use cfa Sujicient portion Of the earth to til ' -for his subsistence . If man has a right toiiVE , as all subsistence comes fironi the earth , he has a right , in a state of nature , to a portion of its spontaneous products ; in a state of civilization , to a portion of the earth to till for his subsistence . This right is now , no matter why , in the possession of a comparative few , many of whom possess not only a sufficiency , hut a superfluity , of land ; yet we propose not to -divest them of that superfluity against their consent . * Wa simply propose , that the inequality extend no further ; that Government shall no longer traffic or permit traffic in tbat which is the property of no man or Government ; that the iand shall be lef t , as nature dictates , free to the use of those who choose to bestow their labour upon it . raorosrnos .

      We propose that the public lands of the States and of the United States shall be free to actual settlers , and to aetual settlers only ; that townships of six miles square Shall be laid out in farms and lots , of any vacant one of which any man , not possessed of other land , may take possession and keep the same during his life or pleasure , and with the right to sell his improvements , at any time , to any one not possessed of other land . On xhis plan , it will be seen , every man will be enabled , athis option , to apply his lahonr to the cultivation of die soil or in any other manner that may seem best to him , with fall liberty to dispose of the fruits of that labour in any manner tbat shall not involve a monopoly of the land , -As it is right that on the first settlement no man shall possessmore than his equivalent portion , so it is just as rght that all future generations should have only an equal share . Thereforn « o man can transfer his improvements to one who olreadg possesses his portion of land .

      Should our proposition of an Equal Bight to the Land he adopted , either by States possessing public lands , or ly the United States , the size of the farms and lots , Into which a township may he divided , will , of courfe . be a subject of legislative action . Our plan , after consultatloa with numerous individuals favourable to the principle , is , to divide the township into farms of one hundred and sixty acres and lots ( for persons engaged in agriculture ) of at least five acres each , proportioned , as nearly as may be , according to the last census . The above plan of a township makes provision for 160

      families of farmers and forty of more of other occupations , say 200 families or 1000 individuals in a township . There would be some waste land or water , and there would be some individuals working for others in order to getthe means of commencing businessfer themselves , so that there would probably be at least 1000 individuals in a township when fully settled ; and then , if we consider the capabilities of improving the land , and the advantages of co-operation , we can easily imagine how a township might support four of even eight thousand indivi duals , hy families to the third or fourth generation -voluntarily remaining on the homestead .

      In the centre square mile represented in our diagram , might be laid out a public square , of about thirty acres , on which might frontabout forty lots of five acres each , il-sides which there mig ht be several lots of from 12 to 20 acres each , which wouldprobably be chosen by mechanics or manuiactnrers , whose business required more room dan ordinary occupations . In the centre of the public eqaare , should be the Town House , where all public business should he transacted , and where all public meetings might be held , every inhabitant of the township being within an hour's walk of the Town House . The first number of " The People ' s Rights" contained a call for a public meeting at Croton llall ,

      Sew Tork , of working men desirous to ameliorate their condition . This meeting took place on the 8 th of March , 184 i ; Mr . John Lawson , blacksmith , in the chair , and Mr . Egbert S . Manning , Secretary . The meeting was addressed by several speakers , including Mr . Devyr ( formerly of the English Northern Liberator , and now editor of the Albany Anti Renter ) and Mr . Mackenzie , the well-known Canadian " insurgent . " At this meeting a committee was formed for the purpose of devising a basis fw a future agitation for the restoration of the people ' s right to the land ; with power , so soon as their arrangements were perfected , to summon a larger meeting . „ , . . for and

      This ever-memorable meeting was called took place on the 20 th of March , 1844 . James A . Pyne was appointed chairman , and George 1 I . | Evans , secretary . Messrs . Commerford and Manning , who have never slackened in their patriotic labours from that hour to the present time , first addressed the meeting ; after which , Mr . Devyr brought up and read the Committee ' s report , a document reflecting great credit upon its authors . This document has already appeared at length in the columns ol the NorthtrnStar ( of April 27 , 1844 ) , we , would gladly reprint it in entire but its length forbids , nevertheless , a few extracts we deem necessary to render this iketch something like accurate . ..

      „ . Having made due inquiry into the facts , the committee are satisfied that there is a much larger number of labouriogpeop ie congregated in the seabord towns , than

      * Iaournextweab.Au Notice The View Here ...

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      can find constant and profitable employment . y / ou committee do not think it necessary to enter into statis " tical details , in order to prove a fact that is not disputed by anybody . The result of this over-suppl y of labour ii a competition among the labourers , tending to reduce wages , even where employment is employed , to a scale greatly below what is necessary for the comfortable suhsistence of the working man , and the education of his family . It appears to your Committee , tbat as long as the supply of labour exceeds the demand , the natural laws which regulate prices will render it very difficult , if not altogether impossible , to permanently improve , the condition of the working people .

      The "Report" then shows that the causes which have produced the above evils are becoming multiplied in number , and more powerful . At great length the prostration of human labour by machine labour is shown , and that the power of machinery is constantly advancing . The Report" then asks : — "Where lies our remedy 1 How shall we escape from an evil which itis impossible to avert % " The question admits of an answer , simple ,

      satisfactory , and conclusive . Nature is not unjust . The Fewer who called forth those mechanical forces did not call them forth for our destruction . Ona befcge is cfon tbe Soil . , in all its freshness and fertility—OUfi niHItige is in the Penile Domain , in all its boundless wealth and infinite variety . This heritage once secured to us , the evil we will complain of will become our greatest good . Machinery , from the formidable rival , will sink into the obedient instrument of our will—the master shall become our servant — the tyrant shall become our slave .

      In this Republic , all that the Creator designed for man s use is oars—belongs , not to the Aristocracy , but to the people . The deep and interminable forest ; the fertile and boundless prairie ; the rich and inexhaustible mine , all , all belong to the people , or are held by tbe Government in trust for them . Here , indeed , is tho natural and healthful field for man ' s labour . Let him apply to his Mother Earth , and she will not refuse to give him employment—neither will she withhold from him , in due season , the fulness of bis reward . Have we not boundless territories of unsettled , almost unexplored lands ? Were not those lands created for the express purpose of furnishing us with food and clothing , and happy homesteads S Have not those lands been redeemed from the British Grown by the priceless blood that flowed in our Revolution ! Have they not been redeemed from the aboriginal tribes by monies paid into the Treasury by the p / oducdve classes of the whole United States *

      Are they not ours , therefore , by every just right , narural aud acquired ? On what principle , then , should they be withheld from us , their rightful owners ? Already have we paid for them twice over ; wherefore should we be required to pay for them again ? Your Committee does not recognise the authority ot Congress to shut out from tbose lands such citizens as may not have money to pay another ransom for them . Still less do < ve admit their authority to sell the public domain to men who require it only as an engine to lay our children under tribute to their children to all succeeding time . We regard the public land to bft 4 capital stock , which belongs not to us only , but also to posterity . The profits of that stock are ours , and the profits only . The moment Congress or any other power proceeds to alienate the stock itself to speculators , that moment do they attempt a cruel and cowardly fraud upon posterity , against which , as citizens and honest men , vre ent-. r our most solemn protest .

      Tbe first great object , then , is to assert and establish the right of the people to the soil ; to be Used by them in their own day , and transmitted—an inalienable heritage—to their posterity . The principles of justice , and the voice of expediency , or rathar of necessity , demand that this fundamental principle shall be established as the paramount law , with the least possible delay . Your committee can perceive but one way of accomplishing those objects , and that it is by combination—by a determined and brotherly union of all citizens who believe the principles set forth to be just in themselves , and necessary to the public welfare . We propose , therefore , that such union be organized at once . It is our opinion that all citizens who desire to join the ranks of the National Reformers shall have an opportunity of doing so without delay .

      After mature and anxious deliberation on the matter , we are unanimously of opinion that nothing can be effected without putting the National Reform Test to every candidate for legislative office , State and National . Any one who would oppose the measure of justice for which we contend is not a Republican at all—he is a Monarchist in soul , and we should treat him as such at the ballot box . " The " Report" was unanimously adopted , and eloquent speeches from Mr . JvUckerzib and the celebrated Mike Walsh , closed the proceedings of this important meeting . ~ On the 23 th ot March , 1844 , the organization of the new party was accomplished , by the adoption of a constitution and laws ; THE AGRARIAN LEAGUE WAS COMMENCED , THE

      NATIONAL REFORM ASSOCIATION WAS ORGANIZED , THE BANNER OF A "FREE SOIL" WAS US PURLED . { To le continued . )

      Mexico. (Continued From The Star Of Nove...

      MEXICO . ( Continued from the Star of November 14 th . )

      BEVOLBTIOXS . The invasion of Spain by Naooleon gave Mexico the same opportunity it gave to Peru , Columbia , and Buenos Ayres , and it was even more promptly seized In IS 03 the Spanish Viceroy was sent prisoner to Spain , and in 1810 Mexico rose and declared her independence . She was , however , troubled by the intrigues and arms of Spain till 1812 , when she fully established her independence . A revolutionary chieftain named Iturbide became emperor , under the titleofAugustinl . ; but the title or the man were unsnited to the country , and he was bani shed with a pension . In the midst of the convulsions which followed he returned , was taken prisoner , and shot .

      After the overthrow of the Imperial government of Iturbide , a national representative body met , and before separating , at the end of fourteen months , agreed to a federal constitution embracing the original royal states of New Spain . It was proclaimed on the Uh . of October , 1824 . The first congress under it met on the 1 st of January , 1825 , with General Victoria as president of the federal republic . Rulers were overturned , or replaced , or executed . After the execution of President Gnerara , in 1831 . an exiled president , Pedraza , was recalled to serve out three months of his allotted term . Santa Anna succeeded in 1833 . Pronunciamientos and insurrections were vigourously , and not very mercifully quelled by

      him . In 1833 , a" pronuntiamiento" was published and quelled in Zacatecas . A few days after this victory there was another , called the " Plan of Toluca . " which was generally believed to have been framed by Santa Anna . This plan was fatal to a federal system . It destroyed the constitution of 1824 . vested the power in a central government , abolished the legislatures of the states , and changed those states into departments , under the controul of military commandants and governors , responsible only to the chief authorities of the republic . This last bold act of Santa Anna , previous to his capture in Texas , formed in its principles the basis of the " Central Constitution " adopted in 1836 , instead of the federal constitution oflS 24 .

      When Santa Anna departed for Texas , Barrigan , whom he left in his absence as president , died , and Coro assumed the administration , until Bustamente ( a former president ) , whose friends had elected hira to the presidency under the new and central constitution , returned from France , where he had lived obscure since his defeat at Tenhilon , in 1830 , by Santa Anna . Ia 1838 , Mexia advanced towards the capital of Mexico with a considerable army . De was met in the neighbourhood of Fuebla by Santa Anna . Mexia was defeated , taken prisoner , and immediately shot , bv order of Santa Anna . ' Soon after Vera Cruz was blockaded by a French squadron , and attacked by the French troops . & anta Anna , while following the French , as they retreated to their boatswas wounded in the leg .

      , In August , 1811 , an insurrection was announced by the " pronunciamiento" of Paredes in Guadalaxara , and enforced by Valencia and Lombardini in the capital , and by Santa Anna at Vera Cruz . The " pronunciamienus" of those generals were succeeded by a month ' s contest in the streets of Mexico ; a bombardment of the capital ; some conflicts between the rival troops of the neighbourhood ; tbe downtail of Bustamente ; the elevation of Santa Anna to the provisional presidency , and the "Plan of racubaya , by the seventh article of which he was invested with

      dictatorial power ? . By this plan , a congress was to meet in 1842 , to form a new constitution . In June of that year , a corps of natrotic citizens , chosen by the people , met for that purpose lin the capital » The provisional preu ent , in a speech , declared forcibly b , s partp ! ity for a firm ' andcentral government ; but that he should acquiesce in the final decision of the congress . In December , IS 42 , after two attempt to form a system ef administration , the provisional president dissolved the congress , and convened a junta o notables . This junta , headed by Santa Anna , proclaimed on the 13 th of June , 1843 , " the basis ofPoWica organisation ot the Mexican republic . It is not

      called a constitution . \ ( Tobe continued . )

      «"Tb Distancb Lends Enchaktmbht, &C.,&C....

      « "Tb Distancb Lends EnchaKTMBHT , & c ., & c . -Some ladies lay the colour on their cheeKs t * thick , that like scene painting , you a « ObJfieO to so to a distance to judge of the effect *

      Etotomal An* Jfamp: Ittteluramt* .

      etotomal an * jfamp : itttelUramt * .

      India. War In Cashmere. Despatches Have ...

      INDIA . WAR IN CASHMERE . Despatches have been received from Calcutta of the Sth , and from Bombay to the 15 th of October . The Bombay mails of the 15 th of October bring important intelligence . The British troops in the north-western provinces of India are in movement , in consequence of the difficulties in which the new Maharajah , Gholab Singh , is placed . In conformity with the provisions of the treaties last March , he , for some months , has endeavoured to obtain possession of the Vale of Cashmere ; but he has encountered unexpected opposition from Sheik Emaum-ood Deen , the son of one of his old confederates , who has

      governed that district during many years . Tbe Sheik has raised the standard of resistance to Gholab ; the latter sent a force to reduce him , but the Cashmerian mountaineers , beat Gholab ' s forces and slew the commander . Sheik Emaum-ood-Deen has assumed the title ol Emir-ool-Moomenlo . and has attempted to make it a religious war against the Sikhs , whether under Gholab , or under the Lahore Government . The Mahommedan tribes in the neighbourhood appear disposed to support the Emir-ool-Moomenin . Cashmere is known as a most remarkable tract to the north-westward of the Punjaub . It is healthy and fertile , and the inhabitants have long been celebrated for their industry .

      The extent of Cashme is about 120 miles in length and 10 in breadth . It was annexed to the Dooranee empire by . Ahmed Shah in 1752 , and in 1819 , Runjeet Singh subdued it by intrigues , and governed it by Mahommedans ; after the defeat of the Sikhs in March last , it was ordered to form a part of the kingdom which tho Governor-General conferred on Gholab Singh . The Vale of Cashmere has seven passes , through which it may be entered ; they are scarcely passable for even hones . The son of the old Governor may seize those passes , and doty Gholab during the winter months , that is , until May next . While thus embarrassed by his new and refractory subjects , Gholab applied to the British authorities , and they have sent a force of 6 , 000 men under General Wheeler , from the Jullunder Doab , to occupy Gholab ' s capital , while he proceeds with all his forces to put the rebellion down . To render the

      matter more singular , the British have persuaded the Government of Lahore to aid Gholab by despatching ! 10 , 000 men to the passes ef Cashmere . The latest intelligence is that the Emir is making preparations to resist , and that the British are about * o move towards Cashmere . The winter is a fearful season in the pusses , and it is apprehended that but little can be done in them until May next , if the Emir makes the anticipated resistance . A bloody revolution has taken place at

      Katmandoo , the capital of one of the most powerful Indian States . Nepaul has Inns : been notorious for its fierce , wild inhabitants . The paramour of the Queen of that country was assassinated by a faction : he was a man of low birth and habits . To avenge his death she procured the massacre of the Priixe Minister , and of hundreds of other influential persons . She is the second wife of the Maharajah , and she is jealous of his eldest son by a former marriage . Her husband has fled , and there is a prospect of more carnage in that wretched country .

      The Nizam ' a dominions present the usual picture of inextricable confusion .

      POLAND . The Posen Gazette contains , under the heading of * ' Frontiers of Poland , October 18 th , " the following notice , highly important to all those whom business or any other motive may induce to visit this unfortunate country : — The police regulations concerning foreign visiters to the kingdom of Poland are very severe , and enforced , especially at Warsaw , with great rigour . Every foreigner , immediately after his arrival , is obliged to appear with his passport before the police , and to take with him all papers which can in any manner prove tbe business which has brought him thither . There he must declare the object of his journey , how long he proposes to stay , and with what persons he intends to bold any

      intercourse . If he does not convince the police of tbe urgency of the business which he alleges as the cause of bis arrival , he is ordered to quit the place immediately , and to cross the frostier or to return to bis place of babitual residence . Such a person is prohibited from speaking to any one before his departure . When , on the contrary , the authorities are satisfied that the foreigner has business to perform , and is in no wise suspected , then he receives a card of surely tor as long a time as the authorities deem necessary for the accomplishment of his business . The leave to sojourn granted by this card is never prolonged , unless extraordinary circumstances operate in favour of the stranger . From that moment the foreigner is not for an instant lost sight of . If tbe slightest trace is discovered of his departure fsom the line of business

      he has declared bis intention to pursue , or of his mixing with persons under political suspicion , or of hi ' having said a word about politics or government matters , then , if a native , he is immediately subjected to an examination and imprisonment , and , if a foreigner , is carried off by Cossacks to the frontier . We , therefore , advise forrigners who intend to visit tbe kingdom of Poland , to furnish themselves , besides a passport , with authentic documents , which will prove the object of their journey , and as so n as they will have touched the Polish territory to avoid any contact with persons unknown to them , especially if these persons talk liberally and openly , as n ne is ' allowod to speak freely and without restraint to foreigners , but men belonging to the police , many of

      whom are to be found in all places of public resort , in low as well as high stations of society . These men assume usually the mask of officers dismissed from the army , of commercial notaries , or agents , or servants out of place ; oftentimes they appear as young , handsome , and educated gentlemen , who fasten themselves upon fo . reigners , under the pretence of showing them the lions of the metropolis . Foreigners therefore ought to beware of all men not having regular employment , whether they proffer their secret legal advisers , or as scents , or as servants ' to hire , or as ex-officers . All this rabble note down what they hear , indulge in the expression of liberal sentences , and lastly draw up their police reports , and thus occasion innumerable evils .

      Under the title of The Poles and the Protective Powers , the Democratic Pacifquc of the 18 th , tell us : ~ It is rumoured that in Poland , Prince Paskiewitch , contrary to the stipulations of the Ukase concerning tl . e mutual relations of peasants and landowners , has ordered the peasants to fulfil until the 1 st of January following , their duties towards their landlords according to former regulations , and that the execution of the new Ukase is to be postponed till the following year . The peasants appear disposed to resist this new order of the Prince , the government therefore has resolved to call for military reinforcements from the adjoning provinces .

      If we remember , the circumstantial news published in our last concerning the disappointment felt by the peasants when this very Ukase , at the postponement of which they now manifest their discontent , was communicated to them , we cannot but recognise that the spirit of resistance against foreign domination which animates the I ' olish eentry , and renders them aware of the disturbing and oppressive nature of every government measure , whether it enacts new regulations or postpones and repeals them , animates equally the people , who henceforward will be the bas s upon which any national movement will be founded . This inference is fully supported by the following document , extracted from the Reforme of the 18 : — " A letterdated from Galicia , November 4 , and addressed to the Swabian Mercury , contains what follows : —

      However tiicredtoZe the fact may appear , reports are current chat mutiny is spreading ifmong the Polish nobility connected with the kingdom of Poland and the grand Duchy of PoBon . Measures nevertheless of such a nature have been taken , that any attVmpt at revolt will be put down instantly . The malcontents are blind enough to imagine tbat the peasants will co-operate with them . The bloody lesson therefore they have recoived has been of no avail for their instruction . The peasants have been tervoi' -struck by the promul . gation of martial law , which will be enforced with due severity , and extended even to tbe emissaries who excite the peasants and nobility to revolt . The ordanance respecting passports receives the most rigourous execution Individuals having no regular papers are provisorily in carcerated . " Trade and commerce suffer severely from the unsettled condition of the country .

      The tone and spirit of this correspondence shows evidently the source from which it flows . None but an Austrian government-agent would complain of the insufficiency of the bloody lesson given by a paternal government to their restive children . None of our readers will therefore be astonished at the exultation of the correspondent , at the frigorous execution of martiallaiu , or deceived by the skilful manner in which he tries to insinuate that this martial law was directed against those bands of privileged murderers who slaughtered the patriots of Galicia . None of them has been , as far as we know , prosecuted for his crimes , but some of them have been beaten to death for confessing the truth as to the real instigators of the slaughter . Well may the peasants , who ti ok no part in this horrible butchery , have been

      terror-struck by the promulgation of martial law , threatening , not the culprits , but their victims ; and this very fact explains the hopes entertained by the patriots in the co-operation of the peasants , who are threatened by the same dangers with themselves , and therefore recognise that they are united with them in a common cause , and in a common struggle . No supposed blindnesscould explain hopes entertained by the victims of mnmerciful slaughter in the generous benevolence of their executioners ' . From the very admissions of the Austrian government organs , it is therefore evident that not only hope aad energy are existing among the Poles , but that experience and the manifesto of Csaeow have produced their effect , and that henceforward any national effort will be of a populajnatuKjaialisupported by papular masses .

      India. War In Cashmere. Despatches Have ...

      ANNEXATION OF CRACOW . Berlin , Nov . 19 .-The following ordinances have been published at Cracow : — We . iFerdinand of Este , by the grace of God , jmperor of Austria , King of Hungary and Bohemia , ^ "ion rr i ! I peace ofTienna , of the 14 th of October , 1809 , had detached from our empire the city of Cracow and its territory , and had added it to the brand Duchy of Warsaw , but which , in consequence of the events of the war of 1812 , the Russian troops are reconquered , our father , the late Emperor Francis , L , concluded with the allied courts of Russia and Prussia a treaty , dated the 21 st of April and 3 rd of May , to the following effect : <—

      " Cracow , with its territory , shall form , for the future , a free and independant city , under the protection of the Three Powers . Nevertheless , the express condition , and the necessary supposition of that arrangement , will be the strict neutrality of that free town , and the duty imposed upon it not to give an asylum to any refugee who is a subject of the Three Protecting Powers , but , on the contrary , to deliver them to the competent authorities . Nevertheless , an unhappy experience of sixteen Tears has proved that Cracow has not fulfilled the conditions ol its independent existence , but that since the year 1830 it has been the incessant cradle of hostile intrigues against the Three Protecting Powers . To such an extent has this gone , that at the end of the month of lebruary of the same year it became the theatre of scenes more violent and moredangeroas than ever . Alter the government and the constitution had been destroyed , and that the fate of the town was abandoned to a certain number of conspirators , who had taken the

      title of the Revolutionary Government of loland , and excited the inhabitants of all the anoient Polish provinces to an armed revolt against the existing government , an armed horde made an irruption from the territory of Cracow into the states . It was therefore necessary once more to place Cracow under a pr > visional government under the military authorities , and to occupy it with the troops of the Protecting . Powers . These events having placed us in the impossibility of re-establishing the basis of the liberties and independence of Cracow , which bad been broken by the enemies of the order , the repose , and the tranquility of Europe ; and penetrated at the same time by the duty of placing our faithful subjects of Gallicia , and the peaceful inhabitants of the town of Cracow itself , in a pus ! tion of safety from tho attacks of the revolutionary party , we have , in accordance witli his Majesty the K n « j of Prussia , and his Majesty the Emperor of Russia , submitted to a serious appreciation tbe future fate of Cracow .

      . " With this view , deliberations have taken place with the special plenipotentiaries of the c * uits of Berlin and St . Petersburg . The result of these deliberations has been a convention , concluded on the 6 th of November of this year , at Vienna , by which the Three Protecting Powers of the city of Cracow revoke and _ suppress the treaties of the 3 rd of May , 1815 , and in consequence that town and its territory return under our sceptre in the same manner that it belonged before the peace of Vienna , of 14 th October , 1809 . to our late father and to our ancestoxs . It is on this account that we take possession of the said city of Cracow and its territory . We join it forever to our crown , and declare that it forms an inseparable portion of our empire , in which we incorporate it .

      "We name the Count Maurice de Deyme , our chamberlain , member of the Council and Governor of Prague , our Aulic commissioner , for his taking into possession , and we seriously invite all the in . habitants of the town of Cracow , and oi' its ci-devant territory , in their own interest , to obey that Aulic commissioner sent by us , and also to the authorities whom we confirm , and whom we establish anew . We invite them , besides , to follow punctual the ordinances made and to be made . * ' On the other hand , we promise them the

      maintenance _ and protection of our holy religion , impartial justice , equal division of imposts , and full and entire guarantee of the public security to those who will render themselves worthy of our grace by submitting immediately to the present measure , which is in their interest , ' and by their fidi lity and their devotion to our house . We shall always be a mild Prince and a gracious Emperor , and wc shall make every effort in our power to insure to them the benefits that their union to a great and powerful monarchy is of a nature to guarantee to the inhabitants of Cracow .

      "Done to onr Imperial Paiace at Vinnna , the Ilth November , 18-16 , and of our reign the 12 th . "Ferdinand ( L S . ) " Charles Count he Jazache , First Chancellor . "Francis Baron de Piixersdorfp , Aulic Chancellor . " Jons Baron db Kruckzka , Vice Chancellor . " By the special order of his Apostolic Majesty . "Fran'cis Chevalier of Wadhenrv , Aulic Councillor . " The following proclamation has been issued by the provisional Governor of Cracow : — " Field Marshal Lieut . Count de Castidione , entrusted provisionally with the government of the free city of Cracow , by the Three Protecting Powers , has announced in their name that on tho 6 th instant they drew up and signed the following convention : —

      " Considering that the conspiracy which in the month of February , 1 S 4 G , led to certain events in the Grand Duchy of Posen , was a project arranged at a distance , with the assistance of numerous accomplies in that country : —considering that this criminal faction took arms at the time agreed upon , commenced hostilities , and circulated proclamations which excited the minds of the people to a general revolt ;—considering that Cracow became the seat of a central authority which assumed » he name of a revolutionary government , and that this government issued ordonnances for thr direction of the insurrection ; consiiciering that all these circumstances hare put the city of Cracow into a miserable state of war . which would have authorised the three courts of Austria , Prussia , and Russia , to use all the rights

      which a state of war gives ; considering that upon this one ground the three courts aforesaid mii'ht have disposed as they thought proper of a territory which had tak » n a hostile attitude against them * ; but , in considering also that the intention of the three said powers is not to subject the city of Cracow to the law of the stronse . 't ; considering tbat where there is so great an inequality of force , such Jaw ought not to come into operation ; considering that it is no longer a question for an act of retaliation against that city , nor for its punishment , but that the high protecting powers only desire to reestablish peace and order in the territory of Cracow , and have not any other object than to protect their subjects from a recurrence of events which have so seriously disturbed their tranquility ; considering that by a treaty of peace concluded between them on the 21 st of April ( 3 rd of May ) , 1815 , the city of

      Cracow , with its territories , was declared a free , independent , and strictly neutral city , and placed under the protection of the three high contracting powers , and that the three courts have desired to put into execution by this convention tiie articles relatins to Cracow , in their several treaties of the 21 st of April , ( 3 rd of May ) , 1815 , ot which one was concluded between His Majesty the Emperor of Austria , and His Majesty the Emperor of Russia ; and the other , of the same date , between the Emperor of Russiaand IIis Majesty the King of Prussia , but , considering that the existence of the tree city of Cracow , so far from fulfilling their intentions , lias been a source of disorders and troubles , which for a period of twenty years have not only menaced the peace and prosperity of tbat free city , and the security of the neighbouring territories , but huvc further hail for object to overthrow the state of affairs established by the treaties of 1815 : —

      " Considering that numerous events of this kind , which are too generally known to render it necessary to examine them further , have entirely changed in its essence the nature of the condition of the city of Cracow , and that by proceeding : contrary to the provisions of existing treaties . Cracow has on several occasion east aside the duties which a strict neutrality would impose upon her , which proceedings have on several occasions led to the intervention of the Three Powers , and that all the modifications heretofore effected in her conslitution , with a view of giving more strength to her goverment , have not been sufficient to prevent a recurrence to these deplorable events ;—considering that the patient spirit manifested in the bonovolent ordonnance of the three eovernments , instead of leading to the object intended , has only served to strengthen the irreconcilable enemies of order in their projects , and that the free city of Cracow is now become the focus of a new and

      extensive conspiracy , the ramifications of which extend in all the ancien * provinces of Poland ;—"Considering that this culpable and disloyal project has been followed up by an attack with open force on the part of Cracow , which has become the centre from which the spirit of revolt has sought to undermine the foundations of tho interior tranquillity of the adjacent territories ;—considering , fron » this circumstance , that it appears that Cracow , as n political state , is evidently to weak to resist the csaitinual attempts of Polish emigrants , which hold that city in a state of moral servitude , so that sbo no longer affords to the powors aforesaid any security against the recurrence of the attempts at disturbance so often made : —

      " Considering , furihe »> , that enterprises of this character are an evident violation of the treaty of the 21 st April ( 3 d May ) , 1 S 15 , as also the second article of the act of constitution for tbe free city of Cracow of tbe 80 th May , 1833 ;—considering that the convention above-mentioned concerning Cracow , agreed to by the three powers , were repeated in articles 0 , 7 , 8 , ft , and 10 of tho general act of the Congress of Vienna , of the 9 th of June , 1815 , solely in order that that treaty might comprehend tho various results of the arrangements concluded in the course of particular negotiations betweenthc governments ;—considering consequently that if the three aforesaid courts now agree to change in regard to

      India. War In Cashmere. Despatches Have ...

      pracow a state of things upon which they were vo-J untarily agreed in 1815 , they are only adopting the exercise of an incontestihle right ; " Considering all which precedes , and having taken into serious consideration the safety of their territories , so often threatened by the free city of Cracow , the three courts of Austria , Prussia , and Russia have agreed to the following resolutions : — "First , The said three conrts of Austria , Prussia , and Russia revoke the articles of the treaties concerning the city of Cracow , agreed to , the one between his Majesty the Emperor of Russia and i he Emperor of Austria , and the other between the Emperor of Russia , and the King of Prussia , and signed on the 21 st April ( 3 d May ) , 1815 . "In like manner the additional treaty between Austria , Prussia , and Russia , of the same date , is revoked and suppressed .

      " Secondly , In consequence , tho city of Cracow and its territories are restored to Austria , and reunited to the Austrian monarch , to be possessed by his imperial , royal , and apostolic Majesty , as it was previous to tho year 1809 . ( Signed ) " CASTIGLIONE . " Cracow , the 16 th November , 184 C . " The Cracow Gazette of the 17 th publishes a long account of the formal taking possession of Cracow by Austria on the preceding day . A salute of 21 guns was fired , there tvai a service at the cathedral , and all possible demonstrations were made by tho Austrian authorities ; The public buildings were illuminated , but the ieeling shown by the people was that ot deep melancholy . According to the Univers

      the Czar is preparing for the realization of all th « dreams of Russian aggrandizement which have been indulged in by all the Sovereigns of that empire since the time of Peter the Great . The Univers publishes a letter from Odessa , which states that the Emperor Nicholas had ordered the concentration of an armv of 160 , 000 men in Wolhynia . " Against whom , " asks the writer , " are these preparations intended ? Their object is surrounded with great mystery . Some believe that the Czar is intention orrying out the Pansclavism scheme , others that those armaments are intended for the Caucasus , where the Russian troops have of late sustained several defeats , and others connect them with the long-incdita ! . ed plan ot establishing the great Eastern empire . "

      PORTUGAL . THE CIVIL WAR . By the arrival of the Polyphenol at Prrtumnutll , we have received news from Lisbon to the 17 th instant . Nothing of a decisive character had occurred up to that date between the armies of Snldanha . and Das Antas . A correspondent writes that news had reached Lisbon that tho advanced guard of Saldanha " had been completely beaten , with loss of ammunition , and the whole of thcadvanced furce tahen ; and that . Saldanha had retired on Carrcgardo ( four leagues north-west of Cartnxo ) . It was known ( he adds ) , that Das Antas would not attack Saldanha until the arrival at Santarem of the Cor . de do Bomfim , with the 5 lh and Clh Cngadows and Cavalry , who were hourly expected , as well as General Ozorio , as the Count is resolved to have good » eneral officers

      to manoeuvre and attack General Saldanha in that way that his force will be completely cut off from Lisbon . " In a postcript on the 17 th he says— " It was stated at the last moment that the Conde Das Antas will attack Saldanha on the 18 th . " Great desertions , it was stated , were still takinsr place of the Queen's troops to the enemy . The foroes of Schwalbaek had been routed by tho Conde de Bomfim near Evora , and the former had fled to Elvas , and was thus completely cutoff from all cnminuniea * tion with Saldanha . All the Western Isles were said to have pronounced in favour of the popular movement . The prisons of Lisbon were full , but the arrests still continued . Finding that the public refused to take the pap > r trash of the bankrupt " Bank of Lisbon . " The Queen had issued the following decrei ' : — .

      " Art . 1 . Every person who shall reject a Bank of Lisbon note , when tendered in payment , shall incur the punishment of transportation , besides a penalty of from 50 to 100 milreis at the discretion of the Jndlie . " " Art . 2 . The same punishment and pecuniary penalty , will be incmred by all who shall stipulate for payments in coin , or who shall establish one price for payments in notes and another in coin . " " Art . 3 . All clauses , conditions , and agreements alrrady entered into , stipulating for payments in coin , are hereby declared null and void . " " Art . i . Offenders against the provision's of this decree shall neither be allowed bail nor trial by jury " " Palace of Necessidades . ( Signed ) " The Queen . "Countersignedby all tne Ministers . "

      ITALY , A letter from Rome , of the 12 th , statrs that « grand dinner in honour of the possesso of Pope Pius IX . took place the day before in the Theatre Aliberti . About a thousand guests , including a number of persons who had been amnestied , were present . Several speeches were delivered and pieces of poetry declaimed , and loud acclamations in honour of the Pone were heard .

      GREECE . Brigandism is alarmingly on the increase . The Brigands have attained such a degree of amlncitv , that in the broad and open day they stop the citizens and demand from them ra nsoms . Piracy is also ri fe , several Jonian vessels having been pillaged by armed ruffians . The environs of Mount Parnassus are in tested " by the famous brigand Me ] is . « ova , who was amnestied under the bonign Administration of . M . Coletti , and whe has collected a powerful band of

      cut-throat ruffians roun

      TURKEY . HORRIBLE MASSACRE OF TIIE NESTORIANS . CoxsrAXTixor-LB , Nov . [> . —Despite the anxiety of tho Porte to keep from tho public knoniedue s . ll the details of ' the frightful massacre which ha < just been perpetrated in Kurdistan on the Nestorians , by Bedcr Han Bey , I have learnt some particulars of this dreadful event , on the substantial truth of which you may rely , whatever small incorrectnesses may be mixed with it .

      Beder Han Bey , not deterred by the demonstration the Turkish government had made to prevent the execution of hi * murderous design , knowing that this demonstration was quite futile , collected , about a month a ; o , various detachments ot troops under the command of the Beys of JJaikarai and Bcvari , and taking himself the command of a large bony ot Kurds , marched into the country of the Nestorians . lie met with , and he knew he would meet with , no resistance—so he divided his force into small bands of fifty or of one hundred men each , and sent these in various directions to fall on the defenceless Nestorian villages . Thirty-six of these villages at the least have been thus made the scenes of tho most harrowing wholesale murders . To speak of their having

      been sacked , plundered , and burnt to the ground , woultf be to . draw attention to an incident of small importance In the face of the ircutor horrors which these bloody barbarians committed . . Men , women , and children crying for mercy ; the woman and children , in the agonies of terror , were put to death by every species of torture which cruelty could invent . Happy were those who were shot , or who fell bv the sword , who had not their bowels ripped out of them while living , or who were not impaled amidst the shouts and laughter of the murderers . Two of the bishops of the Nestorians , if not more , were impaled , and several of the priests . But that was not the worst torture inflicted . Children were torn from their mothers , some from their mother ' s

      breast * , and in presence of their mothers , who were obliged , screeching , to look on , put in the most shocking manner to death . The mothers afterwards were sacrificed . The youth of both sexes underwent outrages which cannot be mentioned , befovetheir throats , in disgust and satiety , were cut . Three thousand of the Nestorians have perished in this massacre on the lowesi calculation . Tho most extensive slaughter took place at a largo village , or township , called Rias , where Beder Ilun Bey was himself present , llena tho two bishops were impaled , and from this pivoe was sent the throe hmndrad heads { pickled ) to tho Pacha of Moussoul , with the insulting message , that if tiie Porte presumed to molest the sender , he -would send to Constantinople , instead of Nestorian , ' 'I ' mk heath enough to make a pyramid .

      THE RIVER PLATE . Renewal ' of Hostilities . — According t * advices froia brazil , a proclamation of tho Montevideo authorities has ! declared the armistice atausnd ; and hostilities had in consequence recommcaaad in tho River I'latc on the 15 ih of Septcmbeiu . General Riveira had left Monte Video , and was piwcecding { e . Enton £ ios .

      Liik Jews In Pouixd.—Warsaw. Nov. B.—Sin...

      liiK Jews in Pouixd . —Warsaw . Nov . B . —Since the 1 st of October , the memorable day yn which the Jews in this kjaguem , by laying aside their national costume , made the first step towards oivilizutipn , has afforded us many comical scjms through the uncomfortable position in which the Jews have been placed by it . irom aU the greiii ( Hies of the kingdom respectable-looking Jowa arrived in all the splendour of their most easily silk pelisses , trimmed with sable , with their beards anil ringlets in the best order to obtain a delay at least for some years ; but they had come to meet their ill fate , for they were here depmeal of thoit silk pelisses , their beards , and their Iqck & bysomt barbers , who had received the orden

      Liik Jews In Pouixd.—Warsaw. Nov. B.—Sin...

      of the police , and the poor disgraced Jews stole clandestinely out of the city . A few days ago a similar event took place , which excited no little sensation in the remotest part of the country , where " Chapietism" exercises its powerful influence on the demoralization of the Jews . A company , consisting of eighty mpn , with their Rabbi at their head , arrived at the gates of our c ty , in order to obtain from the rrince-Governor permission to retain their old cosv e- Tnat so strange a company , which might be distinguished at a distance by thoir strange gesticulations , w , as not permitted to enter the city without inquiry , may be conceived . General A , the cniet : o , the pohcc . being informed of the strange party

      "ttiorettiecty ordered that they should b » immedia ely put under a good escort to the police office ; thli ™' tn » t 1 w ho « t speaking a word to . hem . their beards and locks should be cut off and their pelisses 4 It up behind . I „ half an hour the poor people felt the cold air on their bald unprotected faces , and when they recovered from their consternation , they found themselves again at tbe gates of Warsaw , whither they had been conveyed . They had now no further desire than to be allowed to take the clippings of their beards home , that they might bury them in the cemetery , These , however * were dispersed to all points of the compass , and the travellers had now nothing more , to do in Warsaw

      than to satisfy the barber s apprentices who came for their pay , —[ The miscreant who could speak of the above acts of brutal persecution as " cmical scenes , " well deserves the gallows—or worse , the knout ; cither of these would wonderfully change his sense of the " comical . "—En . N . S . ]

      Ireland. Statr Op The Countky. Dcbxin. N...

      IRELAND . STATR OP THE COUNTKY . Dcbxin . Nov . 21 . —Generally , the measures for tho relief of the peasantry are ' proceeding satisfactorily , although from some districts there are still very disliearteninc accounts ; and occasionally we have complaints of delay in public works , or of the mode of paying tho persons employed ; but , looking ; to the vast exunt of the operations of tho board , and the treat difficulties they have had to encounter , it must hu admitted that their arrangements have been more successful than the most sanguine could have expected at the outset . The paramount object was

      to employ the people , and , out of the fruits of tkeir labour , to supply the means of s . 'ivinir them from stiirvii ' . um . Tu accomplish this great duty at once , a very large outlay was indi-pensable , and many comparatively useless works were , in consequence , saneti' . ncil . But those wlio complain al > out the loss and inconvenience ofsuch works , ought to bear in mind that there was at the lime , no choice between adopting them , after they had been voted at the presentment sessions , or in resorting to the vicious system of distributing money without work , wl . ieli no rational being would recommend .

      'lhe l andlords generally are iciing in a creditab ' e maimer ; but ihey are beset by difficulties , one of the most unmanageable of which is the want of co-operation amongst themselves in promoting productive works , in accordance with the Chief Secretary ' s circular . Gkmkiul Ai : mi \ o or the Peasamrt . —The Tippemry Vindicator , a Liberal and Repeal paper , con * tains ' tlie following statement : — A Popular Armament . —There is at present , literaUy speakiiis , a rage for tiiv-armj among tho humbler classes of the people . The trade in guns , pUtuk , powder and shot , is the briskest of any within several miles of Limerick , Neilagh , and other localities . The trade is quite a new one in Ni-nagli , but since it has commenced hy one or two persons , it is almost impossible to meet the demand . In a house in Queen-street , Nenagh , on Thursday , the crowds were enormous . It was difficult tu enter the door . G roups of eairer purchasers surrounded the

      counter , an' ) others gazed in at the windows , the former supplying themselves with arms , or getting them repaired , whilst the owner of the simp , ami an " experienced assistant , " somewhat advanced in age , and the very type of an armourer , had scareely time to attend to their customers . The consequence is , that arms are almost in orery bam ) , We believe the respectable class of farmers peifectly right in arming themselves as their inferiors are doini : so , cut we cannot see the good that will arise from the indiscriminate armament now going forward in almost eyery district we bear irom . Reports of gun shots are friquent throughout the day" and at night . A gentleman residing ne : ir the Shannon , between Birr and Burrisolt . ine , beard several vollejs within the last few niyhts . Shots haveal-o b ' -en heard in tbe neighbourhood of Kilcolemun , and in other localities . We do think that this business cannot end well . A large seizure , we learn , of arms from a English house , consigned to Ireland , was made in an Etulisli factory last « ee ! t , and the arms sent to the Custom-house .

      The Lemster Express , a Conservative journal , gives the following , on the same subject from a Roscrea ( Tipperary ) correspondent : — On Tuesday last , a sale of goods of some ten ants of Mrs . E ; j ; an , of Carriek , near Roscrea , was to have taken place for non-payment of rent , and regularly advertized ; but two hours before the intended hour for sale , a large mob of pu'sons , principally from a distant part of the country , and several of them armed with guus and pistols , appeared on tbe land , tired about 100 shot ^ aud by intimidation and violence , prevented the sale from taking place . The auctioneer was proceeding towards the lands , and on hearing of so many shots having been fired , returned to > town . The country people about this neighbourhood , principally small farmers' sons , and servant boys , have a very large quantity of tire-arms in their possession .

      The state of this part of the country is increasingly alarming . Fire-arm ; und ammunition are rapidly bought up , and are getting into tfie hands ot the lawless ; about sixty stand of arms' have been purchased in this town lately . All ordtr and government seems set at defiance . Tho industrious people , for twelve miks round , are afraid to leave their homes for goods , such is the fear of hordes of armed robbers . Cattle are slaughtered on the lands . Men , women , and children are robbed , and the whole state of society in this neighbourhood is well nigh Unhinged ; and we luols in vain for any active measures to suppress the fearful outrage of the law and good faith . iMonB Deaths in Skibbkbkkk , —The Skibbereert correspondent of the Cork Southern Reporter says that four mure deaths have , within the last lew days , taken place on tho roads near Skibbereen , caused by starvation , and Mr . Franklin Baldwin , the coroner , is expected there to hold an inquest .

      County ov Liiskmck . —In a letter dated " Bruree Charleville , " the writer thus describes the state of the barony of Upper Counelloe . — " The people here were really in a very wretched state . In a wild barony of 60 , 000 acres ( I do not know the exact amount of population ) , you may readily conceive how much , how very much destitution must have existed ; yet of all the really wretched , there are now very few f unifies without at least one member employed on public works . The range of wages is . say Is . id ., Is . Gil . Is . 81 , and Is . IOd .

      per day , earned by task work—this so much reprobated task work I The outlay of tho entire barony is about £ 1000 weekly . In two short works—indeed it is « ne ruad—in Shis district 450 men are at this moment employed . Certainly much agricultural labour is not carried on , but this is not owing to * public works—at least , by no means so much as some of the Dublin papers would have it thought . Many farmers , whoeould employ labourers last and other years , are this year scarcely able to provide food for themselves ; and many of them are in a worse condition than those who never had land at all .

      SiorPASuorA 1 ' ubuc » okk . —A IS ' eiiagh paper states : — On Tuesday ni g ht last the steward employed by the Board of Public Wwhs on a road at Lougiioma , nithin two miles of this town , shortly after lie hail retired to bed in the house in whith he lodged , was tired at when lie I . ad laid down , anil the ball pasted clo .-e over liU head , as if the parties outside knew well the locality witfiix ,. A threatening notice was foum' next nii-rniiig posted on the door , threatening the su-w . ud with lieatb . if he did not employ all the persons out of unrk in the neighbourhood—that unless he did s > , he would not be allowed to act over the few undtr his charge . On his limiting a represeatation to the officers of Public Works in Jfenagh , they very properly ord . 'i-ed the hoiks to be SSitpt ' llded , and eoiiar « pu >» 1 ty : ' 0 persons have beenthrown out of employment . We understand that itis the orders of the board to suspend any works win re outrage is-ooimniited ,

      "What has- Bkcomr op tiik Kki-kai . ? " —Last ) week we asked , and asked in vain , wh . it lias become of the Repeal funds ; The illustrious Liberatoirsays they arc gone-, aud , moreover , tho association is in his " debt , ••»«« seven hundred pound . ' . " . " . No oNa ' can tell where tlu ' y are gone , linle .-s they be " wk-li . the Repeal that was last year . " Now , therefore , wo ask where is- the llepeal' that was last , year ? AnJ yet we fear we are just as KUely to get a real answvr to that question , as it w-e asked " where is the .-now-that was last vear V But to the point .

      Our readers , may not bo aware of the existence of a body called ! " The Reform Club . " who , hold their symposia , in Dawson-street . This eJub counts amongst its members some moderate , sk : « . u reckless , some wealthy , some needy members of the movement party . There mo many very wsj-ectablc persons with a slight sprinkling of "tailors ; '' but upon the entire , they are rather too headstrong for the Liberator , any from the comnu'iicejaent liave refused to have anything to do with the Repeal pledge . Well , at their anniversary dinner given just twelvemonths past , Mr . O'Connell was nquested to reside , and the

      he asked , would he be pernrttedto give Repeal , " as tho toast of the night . Ue was told m reoly , that he most . certainly shou ld not propose any such toa * t , " Then , " said the Liberator , " 1 will not go amongstyon . My life , my soul , , my whole heart , every remaining moment ot my existence is devoted to Repeal , and where I cannot give that toast , I will nut be " The invitation was declined , for tueu the pledge of Spitalficldg , * " to lay his head upon the block it in six months the union was not Repealed , " was too recent , and thenrtoo , the snUlion dupes stiU congregated around . The scene is changed . Lord John Russell is in office ; --Morgan John . O'Connell has received J 62 > 00 Q a yew —»» y two thouB « ad ^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 28, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_28111846/page/7/