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H©WITT'S JOURNAL, PART V., FOR JUNE, Edi...
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{Fsom our Third Edition of last Keek.) F...
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FAMINE RIOTS ON THE CONTINENT. Poses.—Th...
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Irish Cosfbubration.—At Cartwright's cof...
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THE WARRINGTON " CONSPIRACY. -'
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We understand that the defendants in the...
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"THE CHARTER AND NO SURRENDER I" S FEARG...
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THE NORTHERN ; STAR SATDRDAY, MAY 29,184...
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O'CONNORVILLE The first grand result of ...
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' / ' -31 "THE LABOURER." " _j . . The p...
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THE .NATIONAL TRA- MSf;CQNFERENCE Whatev...
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NOTICE.-Smce the Law Department ef theAb...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Ar00410
H©Witt's Journal, Part V., For June, Edi...
H © WITT'S JOURNAL , PART V ., FOR JUNE , Editedby _Wiluam and Mast Howitt , contains Five beautiful Engravings , viz . — "WertherV Charlotte ,
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from" a painting by Kaulbach ; Portrait of "William Lovett ; fete at St , Germain ' s ; Conversazione , by Oakley ; the Gipsey Mother , by "Wfllde ; with Three "Vignettes , viz . —The Month of May ; the Haunted Douse , by Scott , of Newcastle ; and the Poefs Children , by Absolom . Amongst the Literary' Contents are the following : —Lecture on National Education , by W- J- Fox ; _Earliest Flowers ofthe Season , hy \ V . Hincks , F . L . S . — The _Hyacinth ana the Mar ; the Month in Prospect , by _W . Howitt ; Free Trade _fiecoUections-The Greeks , by Lovett
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ON THE FIRST OF JULY , 1817 , _WiU he Published ,
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IMPORTANT TO EMIGRANTS . AGRICULTURISTS and others may purchase 150 ACRES OF RICH TIMBERED LAND IN "WESTERN VIRGINIA , described by General Washkiaton as the Garden of America , for £ 23 8 s . 8 d . Sterling , ABOUT THREE SHILLINGS PER ACRE . £ 2 12 s . only to he paid down , the remainder in FIVE ANNUAL PAYMENTS . For further information apply to CHARLES WILLMER , American Land Office , STASIS ! BUItDIKGS _, BATH STREET , LIVERPOOL . Of whom may he had a Pamphlet on Emigration , in which these Lands are fully described , and the terms of sale explained , by sending three postage stamps to bee the same .
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AUXILIARY TO THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . THE POUNDER of the NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE BENEFIT SOCIETY respectfully acquaints his brethren of tbe Land Company and his Brother Democrats in general , that his object in founding the Society -was to aid and assist the National Land Company in its glorious efforts to emancipate the human race , by pouring funds into its exchequer , through the means of the NATIONAL LAND and LABOUR BANK ; but the adoption of the PEOPLE'S BANK has proved a death-blow to the enrolment ofthe Society . AU enrolled societies since the passing of tbe New Friendly Societies' Act , being compelled to deposit their cash in tha Bank of England , and thus furnish the " sinews" to uphold a Standing Army ,
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TO TAILORS . B . Bead ' s New Patent Indicator for finding proportion and disproportion in all systems of cutting . Caveats granted , April 22 nd , 1817 . signed by Messrs Pool and Capmeal , Patent Office , 4 , Old Square , Lincoln ' s Inn . Declaration of same , signed by Sir G . Carroll , Kut , Lord Mayor of London . THE LONDON AND PARIS SPRING AND SUMMER -FASHIONS for 1847 , are now ready , by BENJAMIN READ and Co ., 12 , Hart-street , Bloomsbnry louare , London ; and by G . Berger , Holywell-street , Strand . May be had of all booksellers wheresoever residimr By approbation of her Majesty Queen Victoria andH . R . H . Prince Albert , a Splendid Print , beautifully coloured , and exquisitely executed , the whole very superior to anvthia- of the kind ever before published . This _beautifulnrint will be accompanied with the most fashionable _. _ratterns
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NO . VI . Of "THE LABOURER ?" To be published on June 1 st , will _, be ennched with an elegant Portrait , engraved on Steel , of" i- - T . S . DUNCOMBE , ESQ ., HP ; : COKTENTS .- * ' "" "'¦ 1 . T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P . 2 . War , Lore and Liberty , by Ernest Jones . . ' ¦* ¦' 3 . The Insurrections of the Working Classes . ' i . The Confessions ofa King . 5 . The Phase of Political Parties . 6 . The Romance ofa People . 7 . Letter to Sir R . Peel . 8 _. The Jolly Young P oacher . 9 . The land . 10 . The Monthly Review . m . Literary Review . "U . Correspondence , etc . 13 . Preface , & ctoVol . I .
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Just published , price 6 d . ( printed from the Short-hand Writer ' s Notes , ) ' l mHE _, TRIAL OF THE MECHANICS AT LIVERPOOL •* - on the 2 nd and 3 rd of April , 1847 . . Edited by W . P . Roberts , Esq . London : Northern Star Offiee , 16 , Great Windmill Street , Haymarket : and at the offices of Mr Roberts , 2 , Robert-street , Adelphi , London : and 3 , Essex Chambers , Manchester : and Abel Heywood , Oldham-street , Manchester : and all Booksellers .
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Now Ready , a New Edition of ¦ MR . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS . To be had at the Ntrfhern Star Office , 1 $ , Great Windmill Street ; and of Abel Heywood , Manchester .
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BALDNESS EFFECTUALLY _^ REMOVED . A SURGEON residingih Corkjhaving , in tho course of his Practice , had his attention particularly directed to / and acquired great experience in the TREATMENT OF CAPILLARY DISEASES , begs toinformtthose persons afflicted with BALDNESS ( whether . in ' youth-oriadancedin life ) may , by a most simple process , REPROBVC that _' necessary ornament . Parties applying wiHrequireto enclose asmall quantity of hair , and _a-fee of'five shillings , bj post-office order , in favour of Surgeon Edward Williams , 13 , Henry-street ,. Cork ; " when the _ne-Hsiary instructions will be f _»*• warded hi return of post
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A COLOURED DAGUERREOTYPE PORTRAIT in _best morocco case for Ids ., which is 15 s . less than any other London establishment , and warranted to b _» equally good , hy MR , EGERTON , 148 , Fleet-street , opposite Bouverie-street , and 1 , Temple-street , Whitefriars . Open daily from nine till four . Foreign Apparatus Agent to Voigtlander and Liribours , a complete Book of Instruction ,-price 7 s . & L , by post IDs . Price lists sent post free .
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APPROACHING DISSOLUTION OF PARLIAMENT . A SPECIAL-GENERAL MEETING of the ELECTORS of the CITY of _WESTMINISTER will be heia on Wedsksdat , June 2 nd , at the Crown and Anchor Tavern , Strand , hy the Committee conducting the Election of CHARLES COCHRANE , Esq . The Chair will be taken at Eight o'Clock . precisely . The Committee request the early attendance ' of those Electors who desire to _' _secura admission , as the meeting will bo open to any Citizen of Westminster .
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_fonpertai _# _antsmem >
{Fsom Our Third Edition Of Last Keek.) F...
{ Fsom our Third Edition of last Keek . ) FRIDAY , Mat 2 L HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Mr Ferrand presented a petition from John , the father of Mary Dawson , now suffering imprisonment under the sentence of certain ma , _gistrates for quitting her employment , leaving ber work in the mill of a manufacturer at Keighley , unfinished . The petition set out the various facts ofthe case , and prayed inquiry . The hon . member gave notice that immediately after the recess , wheH the petition was printed , he would bring the case , which was one of extreme cruelty and injustice , before the house . Mr Spoonee moved the adjourned debate on the first reading of the Seduction and Prostitution Suppression
Bill . Colonel Sibtbobp opposed the bill . After a short discussion the bill was read a first iime . The other orders of the day were disposed of , and the honse adjourned for _thr _ffhitsun recess to Friday next , the 28 th instant . _AMovjised _Dej-. te _.- —Poos La to . — The debate was resumed by Mr _Eobthv . _ick who opposed the bill , as did also Mr B . Escott , Mr Wakley and-Lord J . Manners , Mr P . Miles , Mr Villiers and Sir J . Graham supported _IhebiU . The house divided—For the second reading of the bill ., 218 Against it . .... «•••• . . .... ••••••••¦••••• _... 4 *
Majority for the governtment 176 The bill was read a second time .
Famine Riots On The Continent. Poses.—Th...
FAMINE RIOTS ON THE CONTINENT . Poses . —The riots in the grand duchy of _Posen still continue . On the 12 th of May ' a riot took place in the town of Witkowo . on the 9 th , at _Gnesen , the mob plundered about thirty shops , notwithstanding that a battalion of infantry was garrisoned in the place ; on the same day a similar outrage was committed at the town ef Irzemiszno , two miles from Gnesen . Rogowo and Czarnigewo were the scenes of the like outrages . In tbe villages for two miles round , the mob , provided with clubs and and sacks , came into Wilkowo as early as four in the morning
into the market place . A general riot being teared , fifty burghers were ordered out to maintain the peace . But when they saw a crowd of nearly one thousand persons assembled , they thought it prudent to withdraw . A scene of plunder then commenced amidst the snouts of the populace , a number of carts containing potatoes were surrounded and pillaged , as well as several bakers ' shoos . ' The police did all in their power to appease the tumult , but for a long time without success . They did soatlast , and troops having come to their assistance , several arrests ! were made . Disturbances hare also taken place at Marienwerder .
Ghent . —Order has been at last re-established in the above city . The Messager de Qand of the 16 th inst . states that on the Place _d'Artevelde , the troops were attacked hy a crowd of determined rioters , and were obliged to fire on them . Several persons were wounded . A proclamation , dated May 18 , announced that the military were ordered to make use of tbeir arms in case of need . Anotherproclamation ordered all cafes and estaminets to be closed at 6 p . m . It appears by the Messager _^ that 11 factories in Ghent hare entirely stopped work ; that 25 are at work only during a portion of the week _. and that only 7 are on full time .
Irish Cosfbubration.—At Cartwright's Cof...
Irish _Cosfbubration . —At Cartwright _' s coffeehouse , on Sunday last , a very interesting discussion tcok place on the state of parties in Ireland . The secretary read an article from the Daily News of Friday , which was ably commented onby Messrs Martin Ryan , Reardoh , Sullivan , and M'Carthy . Mr Braceland , ofthe Golden-lane confederates , addressed the meeting . He was happy to see his old friends again . ( Hear , hear . ) Thearticle just read badtaughtthem a lesson ; it taught them that the Whigs were about making a death-struggle in Ireland , but he hoped the working men would take a lesson by the activity of their enemies , and be up and doing . What did the people of Ireland ever get from the Whigsi ? Under Earl Grey were they not the bitter oppressors
ofthe people ? and , at this day , were they not treated worse than dogs ? Had not the mother to go out and dig Ler- husband ' s , and her children ' s graves ? Under the Whjgs every good man _ was banished from Ireland who dared ] to be politically honest . He believed great truths would come out ;' They had banished the man who was now doing good for the English people . It was not the fault of the English people , if Ireland were cursed by the Whig faction ; the leaders of the Irish people had chosen them , butthe English people had no voice in the matter . The people were starring , dying—murdered ; yet had they land enough ? ' Political economists did not carehow the people fared , so that they could get their exports made up , to make a show in figures . The rich had no feeling for the poor— -the government had ho feeling for the poor—and it was idle to think that they had any other object in _riew
than the selfish aggrandisement of their own order . The present lord-lieutenant , whose name was Villiers , was rewarded by the title of Clarendon for his services , or rather vices , in Portugal . He was one of tbe most crafty of his order , and must therefore be esteemed a fit and proper person to delude the Irish people . The whole system was a mockery . Mr B . delivered a very argumentative and able address , and was much applauded throughout . Mr Waddick followed on the same side , and ably reviewed the history of the United Irishmen , following ( the patriotic footsteps of Wolfe Tone through France , America , and Holland ; minutely contrasting his noble disinterestedness with the sordid acts of the sham-patriots ofthe present day . He sat down much applauded . All persons wishing to address the meeting ( as the right of all is admitted ) are requested to _ba punctual in attending early . Cb _^ ir taken every Sunday evening , at eight o ' clock ,
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THE _O'CONNORVIL-LE PLATE Many of bur agents having , some weeks ago , informed us , that they would :. require a further supp ly of the Mounted and Coloured Plates , as soon as ire were in a positioi ? to meet the demand , we now beg to annourit ' that we have this week completed the orders g iven at the first issue , and are prepared to execute further requirements . Agents yet wauling , the Plate will obli ge b y forwarding their orders , and stating the mode of transit . We will accommodate our Welsh friends during the coming week . _>
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OBSERVE All correspondence , reports of public meetings , Char _, tist and "Trades' Intelligence , and general questions , must be addressed to Mr G . J . Habnei , "Northern Star OrEce , " 16 , Great Windmill Street , London . : ; . All legal ! questions , and matters of . local , news , not noticed in provincial papers , and requiring comme t , to be addressed to Mr Ebnesi Jones as above . ., ' _-. ' AU questions respecting Bills introduced into the Legislature , Acts of Parliament , their meaning and intent , £ c ., ' and questions respecting the Ministry , and the members ' of the tivo Houses of Parliament / to be addressed to Mr George Fleming , "Northorn Star" Office . _,.,.,,-.-All questions , connected with the management ot land , and touching the operations of building , cultivation , & c ., to be addressed to Mr O'CeNNOB , . ' Lowbands , Bed Marlev , Ledbury , y * Worcestershire . ' < All communications of Agents , and all matters of ao count , to be addressed to Mr . W . Rider , "Northern Star Office , " 16 ; Great Windmill Street , London ,
The Warrington " Conspiracy. -'
THE WARRINGTON " CONSPIRACY . - '
We Understand That The Defendants In The...
We understand that the defendants in the ; Warrington " Conspiracy' _^ case will be brought up for judgment on Monday next . We shall give a full report in the star of Saturday , June 5 th .
"The Charter And No Surrender I" S Fearg...
"THE CHARTER AND NO SURRENDER I " S FEARGUS O'CONNOR , Esq . FOR ; i ¦; . " NOTTINGHAM . ; . ' / ' -y : We received Mr O'Connor ' s address to the electors of Nottingham too late for insertion this week ; it shall appear in our nest . : Mr O'Connor declares his intention of contesting the borough to ' the last .
The Northern ; Star Satdrday, May 29,184...
THE _NORTHERN ; STAR _SATDRDAY , MAY 29 , 1847 ;
O'Connorville The First Grand Result Of ...
O ' CONNORVILLE The first grand result of the Land Plan has been practically shadowed forth ; The first members of a class new to modern times—a class to which the ancestors of our factory slaves and labouring serfs belonged hefore Monopoly had wrested the soil from their grasp , —a class of small landholders , of independent freemen , are now located on tbeir own , —a germ from which a great growth of f political and social reform is destined to arise . . These men are placed on the land with more than the facilities
enjoyed by their forefathers . ; They , live under a superior state of agricultural , science , —they possess mproved implements of husbandry , —they enjoy the advantages of cheap and rapid transit , —rthey find ten markets where there used , to be only one ; yet , without these advantages , the cottagers of Old England led a merry _Jjfe , when the harvest-home brought its dower to their own stores , and they still held the soil on which they " lived by the sweat of their brow . " It were strange , indeed , should . ' the present representatives not , be as successful as the olden prototypes , and a failure in any : one instance
could only arise from the neglect of the allottee himself , since even incompetency could hot be urged as an excuse . For , where _. _'the incipient farmer is taken from the mill and the loom , he-will not be placed alone in . his labour of love ; he will not be forced to rely on the teaching of dearly-bought experience ; no man can excuse a slovenly farm , or an ill-managed crop , on the plea that he did not know how to set about his work . ¦ Here is the advantage of co-operation . He will be surrounded by many practical farmers , allottees like himself ; he will
follow their example—he , will have the benefit of their instruction , and he wiU learn the " great mystery" of handling a spade and ; working . for himself . Strange it is that some men , who think nothing of attempting a new , complex and artificial calling , should seek something mysterious and difficult in the most easy and the most natural , as it is the most healthful and most pleasant , employment of man ., _ - ¦ But Monopoly , that dreads the emancipation of Industry , has whispered these bugbears , in the ears of its slaves . Let the factory-lord gotoO' onnorville—let hira look . at : the altered
appearance of those who have even' so recently escaped his grasp—let him compare their homes with the homes HE prepared for Labour—their independence with the pittance HE doled out—their se : curity with the inseaurity of employment in the factory-market—and ask . them , ' if they will leave their promised land again?—let him "hear the price they . sit on their farms;—let him hear the sums offered to these , very allottees , and he will then learn that Labour needs but a fair chance , to redeem itself from thaldrom ; - that ' the working classes ask hut a fair field ahdno favour , to- build
themselves a home secure irom the grasp of sordid avarice , that turns government into a stock-jobbing concern , and speculates upon the hunger it creates . Even Nature has smiled upon this holy undertaking the backward spring has come at last , with the promise of a glorious harvest , and ' the grateful earth yields its full richness to the hand of toil . Thecorn dealers and speculators begin to fear' the coming plenty;—to keep up prices , they announce in their lying organs of the Press , that there is not a threeweeks supply of food in the country—and we _rtfer
our readers to another column of our paper , here they will find it stated , under the Irish News , that though in some markets produce is plentiful , yet prices are kept up . We know of some farmers who , instead of mowing their hay , are sending their cattle into their meadows , since they have old hay enough on hand * , and thus at once keep up the price , and save the expense of labour . We know of _= ome eminent corn-dealers too , who recently went r-Ao the market , hut never opened or . " produced their samples ; thus creating a belief in . scarcity , and driv _« i ng _piices to the desired pitch . We say to tbe
O'Connorville The First Grand Result Of ...
allottees Wthe ' Lanii _^ Cpmpany _^ they ; ' _$ ibV be safe fromthe tricks of _.-these harpies _; : though prices rise or wages fall they will grow their own produce—they will earn their , own living ; and we -willeven venture . ' to assert more : —when the great manufacturing interest , as represented by the - overgrown Capitalist , shall have ceased—when the manufacturing industry of England shall look to other hands than a _Margftall , a Cobden , or a Bright , to uphold its _powerwljeK * the shuttle shall again be heard in . the cottage , and _ma- chinery become the blessing instead of-the
curse ot ' _ina-f ' then shall the different branches of industry , _ntft _Ih'Wg u P conflicting interests , be developed on the We principle of reciprocity , the only guarantee of genera } ' prosperity-and the germ of this we behold in the . Land Plan . And again we say to'those who are yet aliens on their own soil , and crjr _' _despondingly , " What shall we do till tbe next harvest ? " we say , what will you do AFTER it ? You see the preparations thi . " - * are being made to counteract the beneficent _intentions of the Deity ; you see how the farmerand the _oorn-dealer are providing AGAINST the coming plenty , and smoothing
the pathway for an artificial famine . Youseein the daily Press how Irish landlords are _selling the corn in the market which was given them for seed , and how broad / acres , . remain , _uhsown , while they are hoarding plenty , in their granaries . We say to ibe people : you must not bear your present afflictions' with apathetic endurance in the hopes ef coming plenty . The same causes that produced famine after the last harvest will produce it , after the next one . Nay , when ' the hound has once , tasted blood it grows more ravenous ., Thus , rest assured , after the _mono-, polist has reaped the advantages of your famine , he will seek after another . You must therefore rouse
yourselves in time to counteract the machinations of your _enemies ' . ' You must remember , - that after every fresh year of famine , as after a defeat , you lose a portion _jof your confidence , your strength , and your resources—while your opponent gains fresh courage , wealth , and . influence . ' Next year you will not "be so'capable of . resisting . him as this year . The time to struggle is not when you are-utterly prostrated ,- —bound hand and foot at the mercy of your enemy ; : but while you still possess some vigour—some power of resistance . You are not now
as weak as you have been ; you possess advantages once undreamed of ; Land and Capital , and social as well as political unions , are raising you on a footing with your opponents ; they cannot now hurl . you down from the golden ramparts of Monopoly , but as the towers of ancient besieging artillery brought the assailant to a level with his foe—thus the Landthe Bank—and the , Union , are : fast enabling the great army of the Charter to scale the citadel of Corruption . And as men struggle the more bravely when they have something , worth struggling for , — thus will the allottee become doubly ardent in the
cause of democracy . His self-interest alone will ensure , this ; It will remind him that legislative monopolies deprived his fathers before him of their lands by unequal laws and oppressive taxation ; ' it will tell him that those monopolies exist in undiminished force , and that under . them there is no security for honest labour ; it will incite him to relieve his , property from the weight of undue taxation , and by ameliorating the laws of his country , secure the fruits of his industry ! in line , it will make him rally boldly for the CHARTER that has already given , him the LAND , and that can alone * secure to him its undiminished fruits .
' / ' -31 "The Labourer." " _J . . The P...
' / ' -31 " THE LABOURER . " _" _ j . . The periodical Press is an e ' xponent ' as well as _^ a tutor of the popular mind . We know some of its members that are , in fact , a sort of political barometer ; one can always tell when Democracy is in the ascendant , for at such times they grow wonderfully democratic ; arid ' when the elements of faction are alternating in the scale of power , they change frora _. WhigtoTory , and from Tory to Whig , with
marvellous skill and admirable complacency . Some of them just catch the breath of a public opinion before it has blown over , the breadth of the land , aud then arrogate the credit of having created it . Others , bought by Ministerial intrigue , prophecy the success or failure of measures to he decided by men bought like themselves , —and- know the result beforehand , since they could even , tell you what bribe had been received by each . We have seen some , too , spontaneously-shoot forth into the broad suulight of Democracy , and sport for a while in
ephemeral Liberalism , till they grow popular and powerful ; then we have heard the jingle of shopocratic gold in . their leaders , and beheld them all fall back on middle class interests , and draw their inspirations from the counter . We , therefore , hail with pleasure in the Labourer the appearance and success of a Magazine that has not belied the promise given at its commencement ; and we see in that ' success a favourable omen for the progress of Democracy . It proves that the . appetite is not wanting when the food is supplied ; that the germ
of democratic life is still active in the country ; and were it only as . a feeler thrown out to test the mind of the people , this Magazine would have justified its mission . '• But we will venture to assert it has done more . It has proved the depth and character of the movement ; it has given the lie to those who asserted that passion more than reason was the guiding : genius of the Charter—and that its talent lay more in declamatory energy than in varied knowledge . We need but refer * to the ' political articles in the numbers that have already appeared
in this remarkable periodical ; and well were it for Lord John RusseU and the country if he had not only read but-heeded the letter addressed to him in the Magazine to which we allude . Well were it " indeed ;' . for Ireland , if he had acted oh the suggestions it embodies ; but vain were it to expect Progression from . " Finality , " or Justice frorh " Expediency . " Nevertheless , the articles we refer to remain a monument of that noble spirit embodied in the Charter , aud of the principles that will guide the Government of this country , when that Charter
becomes , as it must become , the law of the land . We are proud of this Magazine as an exponent of democratic . feeling , and proud of its liaving maintained its . position as a proof of democratic energy . It . has not been . one of those periodicals that do more injury to ' a cause than an open enemy , by espousing its interests at the outset , and then , veering round , throw the da _u ber of discouragement upon it ; and tbe ; reaction or expectations raised and disappointed . A t the same-time _^ the Labourer thus fills a vacuum long felt in democratic literature ,
without' a due representation m which a democratic movement ; lacks an essential _;¦ and we have , therefore , watched it _narrovvly- 'from its commencement , anxious for its _onenessi of purpose , and thence for its success . Now that it has reached the conclusion of a first volume—now that it is thus far established in character and position—we bid it a more formal welcome than the mere monthly _review in our literary columns , for , as we have said , above , we regard it as an omen and aid for _Democracy ' s approaching triumph . On whichever sb _} e we look , we behdd ' . similar signs of _encouragement .. This
is but pne of many . On the . broad basis of the ' , ; LAND tue triumph of Chartism is being reared ; the hand of UNION is working at its walls ; even CAPITAL is lending her unwonted aid , won by the charm of thrift and ternperance ; and LITERATURE is finishing the graceful architrave , showing the world that those from whom it can thus emanate , who can enjoy its inspirations , and be influenced by Us guidance , must already be far advanced oa the pathway of education , aud well-fitted to " wield that political power I without which social _Amelioration can never be ~ ob « tained .
The .National Tra- Msf;Cqnference Whatev...
THE . NATIONAL TRA- _MSf ; CQNFERENCE Whatever doubts may have up _itf tbistime existed among the Trades , as to the merift of ' . the principles and plans of the National Association of United Trades , they must , _^ e imagine , be completei ) ' removed by a perusal ofthe elaborate and interesting Report . of the Central Committee , read to the Annual Conference of that body on Monday last .
It is seldom , indeed , that the results of practical experience square with the predications of theory . Some unexpected hitch , some contingency hot calculated upon , some fortuitous combination of adverse circumstances not taken into account , come into play , derange the whole machinery , and leave only disappointment J and confusion where certain success and triumph were looked for ;
Injthe painful catalogue of the attempts made by the working classes , in obedience to the impulses of those natural instincts which impel humanity to struggle upwards , and the dictates of that natural sense of justice which has led them to demand a fuller participation in the fruits of their toil and skill , we do not remember one effort which , even in- its proudest and palmiest days , effected so much for the real elevation of the industrious . classes , as has been effected by what the Central Committee justly term this "infant Association . " As Hercules in
his cradle , by strangling the serpents that crept into it , gave token in his childhood of the ; strength which was to distinguish his manhood , so has the Association , presided _« ver by . Mr Duncombe , at the very commencement given unmistakeable evidence ofthe possession of vigour which ; when duly developed and judiciously directed , must triumphantly achieve the emancipation of Labour from the shackles of a false system , and give to the producer that place in the social -scale , ' whether as respects positive -enjoyment or social respect and position , which is' now most irrationally conceded to the idler ... ... ' . ' . ""' . ' ' - ' " . *' ., ' . ' . "¦ ' '
The principle and mode of action by which these results' have been achieved are well deserving of the most profound and patient consideration of the order of Labour .- Almost the very earliest glimpses of society present the phenomena of a dominant and ah oppressed class ; and though history , or the writers of what is falsely called by that name , have been too , much occupied with the chronicles of battles between royal or feudal robbers , or in recording the struggles of contending partizans for the loaves and
fishes of office , to take much note of that everlasting protest against man ' s injustice to man which has ever risen up from the great heart of society , yet it is not ( he less true that the protest has been made and the struggle been interminable . Alike under the iron rule of the feudal baron , and the equally detestable tyranny of modern commercial feudalism , has this battle been waged , and must continue to be so long as man can feel the difference between right and wrong , just and unjust ,
But the inferences from this fact are twofold . While , on the one band , it guarantees to the hopeful disciple of progress that the world is not destined to go backwards , that it is in the very nature of our common humanity to aspire , it , on the other hand , suggests to the practical Reformer the question why past efforts , have been so comparatively inefficient . Granting to those who have , heretofore laboured in the political and social vineyard all the credit due to their , lofty patriotism and . persevering exertions , the fact that the great _masaes of the community aire still the bond-slaves of the few is conclusive as to the truth . of the statement , that the task has yet to be achieved which they essayedperhaps helped—but did not complete .
• Perhaps in no one single direction has there been an equal amount of money , time , . energy , intellect , and good intentions , expended with the object of improving the condition of the productive classes , as in Trades' Unions . ' It would be' unjust and untrue to say that the whole of these have been utterly lost . Though the condition of the operatives is not what it ought to be , it might have been very much worse but for the existence of these unions .
That may be freely-conceded ; but at best it is but a negative commendation . What is now , what has always been wanted , is an organisation by which the labouring classes may be positively raised in the scale of society , and endowed with the political , industrial and civil rights of citizenship . The rights of Labour are in essence paramount to the rights of Property , because labour is the parent of all property ; but , as affairs are now ordered , the oldest and most essential of all rights and of . all kinds of property is trampled under foot , and man becomes the slave of the wealth he has created , and of the crafty few who by means of cunningly-devised institutions , have continued to accumulate it in masses , leaving to the original producers at the best a scanty subsistence .
To the solution of this great problem—tried by many , but without success hitherto in this country , the National Association resolutely addresses itself . Its first attempts , as we have _' said , appear to us of the most hopeful and cheering description . In nine or ten important _casesj by the expenditure of a small sum of money , it has , either by mediation alone , or by the show of preparation to set-: the men to work , by the capital subscribed by working menjfor the benefit of the working men ,, _rucceeded in obtaining great advantages for the trades in whose
behalf it has interfered . This is altogether a hew feature in the history of the industrial classes . Employers have frequently precipitated strikes for private purposes , or with the view of humbling tbe spirit of the trades , when they thought that they were growing too independent in spirit and sentiment . Unfortunately , under the old system of local or sectional Trades' Associations , they could play the game with impunity . The long purse enabled them to hold out . The empty ; exchequer , and the empty stomachs of the working men , compelled
them again to submit to the worse than Egyptian bondage thus infamously prepared for them . "A change has come over the spirit of their . dream . " A new actor appears on the stage . The masters have no longer . to . cope with the isolated members of a trade in a single town , or even- the associated members of their trade throughout ths county . A ne and holy league has been formed by the sons of Labour , who recognise in their common occupation a common grbundof union ; and this confederation resolute . not _to-exceed . the law—determined at the same time to avail , itself of the aid of the law ,
whenever it can do , so 5 and above all , wielding the moral force and the pecu * _iefc / energies of a mighty legal , _peaceable , and constitutional confederatibni steps in _between the oppressor and his prey , at the moment , of contemplated injustice , and either com'i pels Kim to abandon the intended act of oppression , or rescues the victim from its endurance . We repeat , _vve know of no instance iu which any association ; with such objects in view , can point to so splendid a series of victories in a single year as that recorded by the Report of the Central ' Committee of this Association .
Another and not less interesting feature of the Association is that presented by the fact , that where mediation has failed it has , in the majority of cases , set the men to work at better prices than those offered by the masters , and that between 120 and 130 persons are thus employed at the present time in various branches of industry . How much superior a this mode of employing the funds to the old
method of squandering them in keeping men idle , to the manifest loss of the societies , and the great injury ot the individuals themselves . There _U an old adage , " that when the devil finds a man idle he generally sets him to work , " _tind looking back at the wreck of character , the destruction of sober and industrious habits , which we have seen in
The .National Tra- Msf;Cqnference Whatev...
connection with protracted strikes , we _caS _bS think that it contains a bitter truth . -. By the new policy of this Association , all these evils are avoided > , and if the industrial department I be managed by . persbns accustomed to commercial transactions , the capital , so far from being lost mav be made to fructify , and give , year by year , in _creasing means of employment and increasing moral in . _fluence in the settling of disputes between employers and em ployed .
We have given a full report of the proceedings of the Conference of Delegates , from which it will be seen that _muzh interesting business has been _Ims . acted by it in- an impartial spirit and in a _businesfc like style , which emphatically proclaims an im . mense advance in the education ofthe people in such matters . _Thatraisanderstandings and differences of opinion should exist in luch bodies is to be expected ; that they should be freely expressed is desirable , because nothing could more fatally lead to repress all healthy _^ growth and expansion than ths suppression of opinion and the fullest discussion of every matter connected with the Association .
It is especially gratifying for us , in this cursory notice of a most interesting and important meeting , to note that the working classes fully appreciate the immense advantages they derive from having Mr Duncombe at their head . The language of the Re . port , in alluding at the close to his laboura , indicates in a manner at once most honourable to that gentleman and to the trades , the manner in which _, they estimate his invaluable services , and to add anything here on the subject , would only be to spoil the effect of what has been so well stated in that _doco _*
ment . Cordially , most cordially , do we respond to * the closing wish : —Long may the Association be honoured by the presidency of a man whom England proudly acknowledges to be one of the most patriotic , disinterested and efficient members of the Legislature , and whom Labour ' s sons have universally adopted as their champion ! Any review of the measures adopted by the Conference will come better after we have the full report before us , and we shall have much pleasure in returning to the subject .
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Notice.-Smce The Law Department Ef Theab...
NOTICE .-Smce the Law Department ef _theAbrttem Star was opened , I have received almost daily com . plaints from poor men that they h ave been plundered either by Pettifogging Attorneys or Advertising tawoffices . ' It was to save poor men from these harpies , tli at the Law Department of the star was opened . To give _gratuitous Legal advice is one of the principal objects of that department .. In . no case , therefore , shall I take even the smallest fee or ' remuneration from a poor man , except where my professional services shall render him a ri « fcer man than he was before . Where a client , through my professional assistance , recovers . property and . becomes _^ richer _, ' than he previously was , there I shall , expect a moderate fee ; but even that I . shall not take till after the property has been recovered .
It is no unusual thing for those who have got fraudulently or wrongfully into possession of property : to set the claims of juBtice . at defiance on account of the poverty cf ; the-rightful owner . Where a poor man's claim to property is believed to be good , his poverty will act upon mens an additional stimulus to obtain justice for him . - . - i - There is another legal grievance which many people , even in- good circumstances , suffer from namely , the heavy expenses they are put to about leases , Agreements , Conveyances , Mortgages , Marriage Settlements , Making their Wills , & c . All these things are commonly made longer by three or four times than they need to be ; and the consequence is , the expenses and stamps are twice or three times as much as they ought to be . To correct this evil a most skilful conveyancer renders me his services , and upon terms so moderate that the expenses of Conveyances , Wills , < tc , will be less than one . halfof their usual amount . '
When clients wish to have papers returned , or private ' answers to ; their inquiries , it is expected that they will - send the requisite number of postage stamps . In stating their cases , let clients , simply state / act ' , and avoid all remarks and comments of their own . Much , often , depends upon the time at which a thing happened ; as the time of a person ' s-Birth , Marriage , Death , Date of his Will , the Date of the Probate , & c . ; therefore in all these , and similar cases , let dates be given . _Ebsest Jones _, legal . _WiwiABt Brook , Wakefield . —You and your brother may recover the legacies given by your aunt ' s will ; but be . fore proceedings are instituted send me a copy ofthe will , or at any rate of so much of it as relates to the legacies . John Boothhotd Shaw . —You should have paid the in «
_stalmests according to the agreement : it was not ne-! ; cessary that your creditor should send to you for the money . The only advice I can give is , to state your case to the court , and see if it can do anything for you . or to throw yourself on the mercy of your creditor . ; J . Derby ;—If E . survived T . he had thepower t » dispose - of tho property , or to charge it by his irill as he pleased , notwithstanding he died in the lifetime of T ' s wife .. W . Sawkings , _Kingsland-road . —To disinherit an heir-atlaw , there is no necessity _, " . to give him a shilling . " If the testator ' s widow is living , she is most probably entitled to dower , or thirds , out of the property . I suppose the will was duly' executed and attested , and that the testator was of sound mind . L . M . C—If the debt was contracted for necessaries , ( aa food , clothes , etc ., ) the debtor is Uablo to tho payment of it notwithstanding he was under ' age when it was contracted ; but his goods cannot be taken in
execution , unless judgment has been obtained against him . . . ;••• Jasies _Haihweli ,. —The cottagers are liable to be distrained upon for the rates ; but if tbey are too poor to pay them , the magistrate can remit them upon proof of their ' poverty . ¦ _- J . W ., Ovenden . —The notice your landlord has given you is bad . He can only turn you out of possession at tho end of your current year ; namely , on the 7 th of May , , 1818 , and that upon giving you six months ' notice to quit , unless there is a custom to make a shorter notice sufficient . C . J . —The debt being under £ 20 , must be sued for under the Small Debts' Act . J . M . —lam of opinion that the seedhd resolution was illegal ; and as the authorities have dropped the prosecution under your retractation , you had best let the matter drop . Were you to prosecute for the words you mention , you would not , I conceive , obtain a con-¦
viction . -.- ' - ' : Richard Harper . —My application would bo of no use whatever unless you can prove yourself to be the heirat-la w or next of kin of John Edwards |; you must therefore first _iuform'me what evidonce you possess of your being either one or the other .-E . Scholev . —The property being copyhold , Imustseea copy of the surrender to Mr Broughton before I can ' judge of your friend's case . As , however , obtaining ; ;• such copy would be attended with expense , and your friend , you say , boingpoor _, if you will give me _Mr-. Broughton ' s address I will write to him . A Chabtist . —The old debt is not recoverable , unless if * has been ' acknowledged in writing within the last . _sis years . George Medlock .. —I . have written to Mr Cooke . Robert Sands—All the arrears of the weekly pajraput to Mrs Machin may be recovered by her personal rep ' _rascntative llawkrid
. against Mrs ge .- Give me her address , or that of her husband , if living , and I will writeon _. _too subject ; and tell me who . is the executor or administrator ef Mrs Machin . J . W . A ., WestBromwich . —I do not very _cleai-ly , understand your case ; but as you are only related U , the femala line , and as your question seems to relate-to . land or . real property , I do not see how you can hav . _e-any claim to it , there being others in ihemaleline who , are as nearly related as you are in the female . Jobs _Eabie , _Girvaui . —The power of attorney will not enable tho party to whom it is given to draw any larger ' sum than tho sum specified iu the power . Joh . vBoasd . vam . —If the baker _w'li not pay you you must prove your dobt under the bankruptcy ,, and : inform the assignees of what he stated abou _^ the money in the Bank . . W . H . Pickvance . —During the time you have heen shut
• out of tho room you are not liable to vent ; and waa your landlord to bring an action forU he would , na doubt , he non-suited . J . S . j Dotr . —I will write to the gentleman you mention } was your agreement in writing or have you any respectable witness to prove it ? . „ , A . P . —Whether done hy a very long lease at a rent or hy a conveyance of the fee . subject to a fee farm rent , the effect , as respects " security , " will be much the _^ same ; provided the thing ba skilfully and properly done . Z . N . —If your children are by " your late wife , *" -they arc entitled to the same share ofthe personal estate of your late wife ' s mother as jour late wife _herself would have been entitled to had she survived her mother . J . C . _Wuiteusau—The nephew , it would appear , is still living andhasissuc , therefore the cousin ( the claimant ! . can have no right to the property . If , however , lsaw acopy ofthe will or of so much of it as relates to the property in question , I should be _uevlw enabled to advise tho . claimant what to do . 1 Thos . Meet-ton . —Your case is one for an American
lawyer . The executorB should have sold and have remitted the money to the legatees in England . If _)' wish it , I will write either to them or to the Clerk of tlie Court of Common Pleas of the State of Ohio . J . R . S . —If the executors haYO sold the property for a fai " price , and the purchaser has completed his purchase , you must call upon tho executor to lay out the purchasemoney ( after deducting the legacies and the expenses " the sale ) on good , real , security , till it be ascertained whether your father is living or dead . If you will S ' me tbe address of the executors I will write to _theuiand tako care that the money ( after payment of tne legacies and expenses ) is seourcd to your father and ni _» family . . L ., Mr T . Self , Newport , Isle of Wight .-The Js for _W Warrington Conspiracy never reached this ofhee , consequently , we could not acknowledge the receipt-Cmabtist Poems , —All parties holding copies ofthe _ahova are requested to state how many they have sold , aw * to forward the amount received for the same to tue
author at the " Northern Star" Offloe . t J . Johnson , Manchester . —You had best wait till _thenex _- court , ' nnd if your solicitor then does hot proceed vnin _* out showing a satisfactory reason , you raust apr } _^ the court , to have him struck o $ the rolls for misW _"* _uVuct . It does not very clearly appear from your _jetw that _Bradlej had . not a right , ' 1 , sell the _arUclos _w " _«
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 29, 1847, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_29051847/page/4/
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