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Northern Star (1837-1852), 30th September 1848, Edition 2 of 4, Page 4

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  • Departments (3)
    • FoR THE WORKING MILLIONS.
    • ANOTHER BRADFORD C3ARTIST COMMITTED
    • THE NORTHERN STAR, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1848..
  • Adverts (9)
  • Text (8)
  • Transcript

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      , ' . - ¦ - The Nqrmhern Star . "' " " ,...

      , ' . - ¦ - THE NQRMHERN STAR . "' " " , " """ ' •" ; - " " - " ^ ¦ , ¦¦ « g EPTEMBER 3 Q ^ 8 l 8 i

      For The Working Millions.

      FoR THE WORKING MILLIONS .

      Ad00409

      A HOHf , FOR EVERY INDUSTRIOUS HAN AND HIS FAMILY . UNITED PATRIOTS' AND PATRIARCHS ' SUITABLE LAND AND . BUILDING BENEFIT SOCIETY , BaroDed and Empowered by Act of Parliament to extend over the United Kingdom . T 3 . Dohco ** , Esq .., M . P . Thomas Wisiss , £ * . „ M . Pr B . 3 . torn , E « j ., M . P . Pat-ens . — • . j Conrt 5 ew BoBa , StPancras , London . —Daniei Wiuiak Rofft , Secretary . laaim Ofee . —* ' > lom . , __ Abbakoed ik THasa Sectiom Value of Sharea and Payments for Investors . Van Shue ... £ 120 pajm « ntef 2 i . 53 . per Week , or 10 s . 61 . per Month Halt Share ... GO — 1 2 J — 5 8 _ Owner Share ... » - 0 ! J - 2 8 J - ADolicanta are requested to state ia their form the section they desire to be a membsr of . Appuwu ^ SoaVEIOBs ' , BOHCITOBS * , Of RsDEMPTIOH PEES . „„? Entrance Pee . including Certificate , Rules , Ac , i * 4 s . per Saare , and 2 » . for any part of a Share . Tbe present w ™ Price of RoUa , incladia ; Postage , Is . OBJECTS . -rf to enable membera to bnUd Dstelliag Howes . ] 5 th —To giro to depositing members a higher rate of 1 st , —aocnauw Inierest than U yielded by ordinary modes of investment . 2 nd . -To afford the means of pnrchas . Dg both Pr «* - e , _ ro mMt Pirant . to make Endowments for hold and Leasehold Properties or Ltnd . tnrff ChlWreD > „ r Husbands for their Wives , or for Mar-Srd . —To advance Mortgages on Property held bj tlage Settlements . , ^&* k ujeabers , 7 ih . —To purchase a piece of Freehold Land of snf-* th—To enablaMorfjagors befog menAera to redeem fickntvalne to give a legal title to a County Vote for teeir ifortgages . j Member . ofParUament . Section I . By joining this section tvery person In town or country can become tbe proprietor of a Honse d Land in his own neighbourhood , without being removed from his Friends , Connexions , or tha present means Wm « elf ani fatally may have of gaining a livelihood . Section II . —To raise a capital by aliares to purchase Estates , erect Dwellings thereon , and divide the T . ond into allotments frem half aa acre upwards , in or near the towns of the various branches of t > -e society . The properly to be the bona fde freehold of the member afttr sixteen , eighteen , or twenty yeaw , from the date Of location according tD his subscriptions . % * k % fflk Section 111 —Saving or Deposit section , in welch members not wisnlng topurchaoo » re enabled to invest email sums , from 7 § d . and upwards , receiving interest at the rate of 5 per cent , per annum , on every sum of 10 s . an ? upwards bo deposited . Subscription Office . — 492 , New Oxeobd . St & ebt . where Meetings ate held , and Members enrolled , every Wednesday Evesikq , from Eight to Ten o ' clock . 53 _ prora £ 300 to £ 506 will bo advanced to the mtmbtrs of the first Section in December next , when all persons who have asd may become members for Shares , or parts of Shares , on or before the Srd of December next and who pay six months' fnbscriptioBS in advance , or otherwise , will be eligible for an advance . ALSO , FOR THE W 0 RK 18 G MILLIONS IN CONNEXION WITH THE ABOVE , THE UNITED PATRIOTS' AND PATRIARCHS' BENEFIT SOCIETIES . Enro' . Ud pursuant to Act of Parliament . Thus securing to its . members the protection of the law for their tones and property . Ltgalised to extend over the United Kingdom , with the privilege of appointing Mediol Attendants , Agents , & c . An opportunity is now tflVrtd to healthy persons , up te Forty Yean of Age , of joining these flourishing Institutions in town or country . Loudon Office . — 13 , Tottenham Court , New Road , St Pancras , ( thirteenth house eastward from Tottenham Court Road ) . — Daniel Willuk Rofft , Secretary . Patrons . —T . S . Doxcohbe , Es «„ M . P . T . Wax-let , Es « ., M . P . B . B . Cabbkm , Es « .. M . P . F . O'Connoe . . Esq ., M . P . L . J . Hansaed , Esq . In tbs shertspace of feur years these societies hate paid the following benefits to their members , SUMMARY OF CLAIMS . Sickness and Superannuation ... ... .. £ 2674 1 8 J Acconchments ... ... .... •¦ . ... 930 15 0 Funerals ... ••• ••• ••• * " * ° * Loss by Fire ... ... — — 8 * 13 ° £ 4354 7 9 | Present Capitol funded In the Bank of England ... £ 1789 12 2 These Societies are in six divisions or sections , for the Members to receive the following Benefits according to their Subscriptions : — FIRST DIVISION . 1 FOURTH DIVISION , ntrance accordine to age , from 5 s . to 10 s . Monthly Con . Entrance , according to ane , from 8 s . 6 d . to 8 s . 6 d , tribntion for Sickness and Management , 2 s . Id . Monthly Contribution for Sickness and Management . is . 4 < L £ a . d . Alewance , in Sickness , per week .. 018 0 * s . d . Sfembar ' siFuneral 20 0 fi Allowance in Sickness , per w <* .. .. 0 9 0 ISfS ^ ee 3 a i ? 0 :: :: H y * Ba ? G £ X £ ^& :: :: l l 11 loss bv Fire , from .. .. £ 1 0 0 to 20 " 0 0 Wife ' s Lying-in 1 0 0 Superannuation , per week 0 6 0 Loss by Fire , from .. .. £ 5 0 0 to 10 0 8 SECOND DIVISION . Superannuation , per week 0 4 0 Entrance , according to age , from 4 s . 6 d to 9 s . 6 d . FIFTH DIVISION . Monthly Contribution for Sickness and Management , Entrance , according to age , from 3 s to 8 s . Monthly Con . 2 s . Id . - - ¦ tribntion for Sickness and Management , is . Id . Allowance inSickaess , per week .. .. 0 15 0 Allowance in Sickness , per week .. .. G 7 0 Member's Funeisl .. " •• 16 0 0 Member's Funeral 6 0 0 Ditto Wife ' s or Nominee ' s ditto .. .. 18 0 0 Ditto Wife ' s or Nominee ' s ditto .. .. 3 0 0 Wife's LMHg-in 1 15 0 Wife ' s Lying-in 015 0 Loss bv ' Fire , from .. .. £ 5 0 0 to 15 0 0 Loss by Fire .. .. .. .. 5 0 0 Superannuation , per week .. .. .. 0 5 0 Superannuation , per week .. .. .. 0 4 0 THIRD DIVISION . SIXTH DIVISION . Entrance , according ; to agr , from -is . to 9 s . Monthly Con- Entrance Money .. .. .. .. 0 S 0 tribumm fcr okkiies ? and Management , is . 7 d . Monthly Contribution ,. .. .. 0 10 Allowance in Sickness , ner week .. .. Oil 0 Allowance in Sickness .. .. .. 0 0 Member ' s Funeral .. .. . .. 12 O 0 Member's Funeral 2 10 0 Ditto Wife ' s or Nominee's ditto .. .. 6 0 0 Wife ' s Lying-in 119 0 No Levies'in this Division . Lossby Fire , from .. .. £ 5 0 0 to 10 0 0 Superannuation , per week .. .. .. 040 Levies according to tbe demands on each division per quarter . N . B . —The only difference in tbe two Societies is , tho Patriots have an Accoucbment benefit , the Patriarch hate not thai benefit , therefore do not pay levies for it . jgf * Applications for Agencies requested from all parts of tbe country ; information for appointment of Agencies can be obtained by letter , prepaid , enclosing a postage stamp . Blank forms and information for tha admission of country members can be obtained by letter , prepaid , enclosing threa postage stamps , to Daniel Williah Ecfft , General Secretary , 13 , Tottenham Court , New Road , St Pancras .

      Ad00411

      METROPOLITAN COUNTIES and GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE , Annuity , loan , and Investment SOCIETY . ( Incorporated pursuant to the 7 th and 8 th Tic , cap . 110 . ) Temporary Offices , 3- ' , Regent-street , Waterloo-place , London . TRUSTEES . Richard Spooner , Esq ., I Spencer Horatio Walpole , M . P . | Esq .. M . P . Edward Vansittart Neale , j Henry Peter Fuller , Esq . Esq , 1 DIRECTORS . Robert Chalmers , Esq ., Edward Lomax , Esq ., St Thurlow-square , Bromp- John ' s Wood , ton . Samuel Miller , Esq ., Lin-Samuel Driver , Esq ., White- coin ' s Inn . ball . Sir Thomas Newley Reeve , * enrv Peter Fullir , Esq ., Richmond . Piccadilly . Edward Vansittart Neale Palk Griffith , Esq ., Esq ., South Audley-street Ironmonger-lane , Cheap . William A . S . Westoby side , Esq ., Hyde Park-place , AUDITORS . Henry'PeacbBackler , Esq ., I Henry Grant , Esq ., Shenley BasingUail-street . ( House , Brighton . MEDICAL ADVISERS . William Henry Smith , Esq ., I RobertKeate , E « q ., Serjeant F . R . C . S ., 2 , FonthHl- | SurgesntotheQueen . H , place , Ciapham rise . j Hertford - street , May . W . Fuller , M . D . 45 , | Fair . Half-moon-strect , Ficca-j amy . j BASKERS . —The Union Bank of London , 4 , Pall Mall , East . SOLICITORS . W . W . Fisher , Esq ., 3 , King-1 W . Chapman , Esq ., Richsfreet , Caeapsii . | mono , Surrey . SURVEYORS . Vincent John Collier , E < q ., 1 Richard A . WithaU . Esq ., 7 , 3 , Morgau-street . | Parliament-street ACTU ARY . —Alexander Jamieson , Esq ., LL . T > . MANAGER . —F . Feargnson Camronx , Esq . The objects of this Society axe : — To grant Assurances upon Live * , with or without partidpatioB in profits : also Immediate and Deferred An . unities and Endowments . By combining the advantages of Life Assurance with the'business of well-regulated Building Societies , to render a Life Policy an available and economical means of acquiring freehold , leasehold , or other property , by advances repayable by periodical instalments , thus : A persan desirous of purchasing his lease , or otherwise acquiriag property , will not only obtain a loan nearly equal to its value , but on his death will leave the properry discharged fro a such loan , iu addition to the sum assured to be paid at his death . hree-fourths of the profits will be divided every five years an . ungst the assured intitled to participate , and the remaining one-fourth will be added to the profits of the shareholders . Prospectuses with tables , and every information , may be obtained at the Society ' s Temporary Offices , S'J , Eejent-streer , Waterloo-place , or of any of its Agents in the country .

      Ad00412

      FAMILY ENDOWMENT , LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNDITY SOCIETY . 12 , Chatham Place , Blackfriars , London , CAPITAL £ 500 , 000 . Dueoxoas . William Butterworth Bajley , Esq ., Chairman . John Fuller , Esq , Deputy Chairman . Rt , Bruce C- ichester , Esq . Elliot Macnaghten , Esq . H . f .. ii-mderson , Esq . Major Turner . C . H- L-. touehe , Esq . Joshua Walker , Esq . Edv . i >' ' Lee , Esq . Major Willock , K . L . S . BONUS . Thirtv per cent . Bonus was added to the Society's Policies ou the profit scale ia 18 < 5 . The next valuation will be in January , 1852 . AKKPAX FXEMIPMS WTTg PBOFITS . Age 20 iAge 25 'Age 3 U Age 35 | Age « Age 4 SjAga 50 Age 55 £ s . d . is . d . jcs . d . es . d , { £ s . a . £ s . d . fis . d . £ s . d . 1 17 9 j : a -j ; 9 7 i 16 m 5 9 ; 16 2 J-4 10 6 j 7 6 INDIA . The Society also grants Policies to parties proceeeding , or residing in India , at lower rates than any other ffiee , the l'remiams on which may be payable either in oadon orat the Society ' s Office in Calcutta . Annuities of all kinds , as well as Endowments for Children , are granted by the Society . The usual commissioa allowed to Solicitors and others . John Cazekove , Sec .

      Ad00413

      COLLIYER'S COMMERCIAL COFFEE AND CHOP HOUSE AND READING ROOMS , 266 J , STRAND , LOSDOS . J COLLIVER returns his sincere thanks to bis * Friends and the Public at large , for the support he has receive *! at their hands during the last ten years , and hopes , by strict attention and civility , to merit a continuance of their patronage . J . C . also begs to state , that having Jately made extensive alterations and imorovenunts in his premises , he is now enabled to afford additional convenience without extra charge . A Commercial Coffee-room upstairs , with every facility for Travellers and Visitors from the country . The House is situated in the very heart of the Metropolis , in the centre of the Theatres , near the National Land Office , and Public Building * . Omnibuses pass to and from all the Railway Stations , to meet the Trains , every five minutes Beds , is . to is . 6 d . per night . All other charge ! ejoalsy moderate . NO FEES 10 SERVANTS /

      Ad00414

      NO MORE PILLS FOR INDIGESTION , Constipation , Torpidity of tbe Liver , aad the Abdominal Viscera , persisting Headaches , Nervousness , Biliousness , Despondency , Spleen , etc . Published by Du Barry and Co ., 75 , New Bond-street , London ; and to be obtained through ail Booksellers ' Price 6 d , or 8 d ( in letter stamps ) , post-free : A POPULAR TREATISE on INDIGESTION and CONSTIPATION ; tbe main causes of Nervousness , Biliousness , Scrofula , Liver Complaint , Spleen , etc ., and their Radical Removal , entitled tbe ' Natubal Rbqeneeatob of the DrGEsnvfi Oboars ( tbe Stomach and Intestines ) , without pills , purgatives , or artificial means of anv kind /

      Ad00415

      A GOOD FIT WARRANTED at the Great Western Emporium , 1 and 2 , Oxford-street . Ubsdell and Co . are now making to order a Suit of beautiful Superfine Black , any size , for £ 3 Ks . Patent made Summer Trowsers , Us ; Registered Summer Over Coats , 20 s . The Art of Cutting taught . Patterns of Garments Cut to Measure for the Trade , and sent ( post free ) for Is . 6 d . each , or eighteen postage stamps . Address , Charles Ubsdell , 1 aud 2 , Oxford-street London .

      Another Bradford C3artist Committed

      ANOTHER BRADFORD C 3 ARTIST COMMITTED

      On Monday Week, L'Ghtowler, Who Has Achi...

      On Monday week , L ' ghtowler , who has achieved no inconsiderable notoriety as a Chartist orator , was brought before the magistrates oa a charge of drilling . The charge rested chiefly open the evidence of an ap . piover , one Thomas Shepherd , a collier , who deposed that on a Sunday morning in May last there was a meeting of Chartists on Tong Moor , to which about 150 men marched in military ord : r from Maachester . road . Tbe men were divided into three sections ; at the h ? ad of the first section Wat Tyler marched ; a botcher ( came unknown ) marched at the he * d of tho second ; and Llghtoffler at the head of the third . To this last section witness attached himself . Lightowler gave the

      word of command , ordering the men to fall in three deep—to right-about face—to quick march . As they proceeded up Goodmaasend Ltgutowles ordered tbo men to prepare for a drill on the Moor . All three sections [ marched to the moor in military order . Ligbtoaier then proceeded to drill his men . Wat Tyler and the butcher did the same with theirs . Later on in the day the meeting wes held . Lightowler spoke . At the close there was a collection , the amonnt of which Lightowler announced to be £ 212 s . 6 d . He then preposed tbat 12 s . should be applied in payment of the printing of the bills calling the meeting , aad that the balance should ba applied in the purchase of arms for those peresns who , being out of work , wers unable to supply themselves . The proposal was carried unaid .

      monsly . The witness was cross-examined by Mr Terry . He swore t ' mt the sections returned from tbe Moor in tbe came order in which they went , Lightowler bead , ing tbe same section which he bad commanded all day . Tbe men assembled ia Manchester . roid between nine and ttn In tha miming . L'ghtowler joined them at ten o ' clock , and remained with them till nearly five o ' clock in the evening , when they separated at the same place at which they assembled . He did not know of any other meeting on Tong Moor on a Sunday in May , but tbe one be bad referred to . He first gave informs , tion to the police last week . He went to the pelloe of his own accord , and offered to give information without any expectation of being paid . Serjeant Taylor swore tbat be recollected a meeting of Cnartlsts was hell on

      Tong Moor , on a Sunday in May . He sawtbreeseotions ef men marched np Goodmansend in the direction of the M Jor , Wat Tyler headed tbe first , and one Bamjdea , a batcher , the second section . He did not know the men who marched at the head of tbe third . At tbat time he did not know L ' ghtowler . For the defence Jeremiah Djwbint , tea-dealer , was called . —He swore that he was with Lightowler on the day in question ; that ho went with him to the Moor ; that his boy and the prisoner's hoy , and a young man whose name he did not recollect were their only companions ; that they left Bradford about dinner-time , and walked through Spring Woed , and by Mr Ball's church , to Bfrkensbaw ; that L'ghtowler did not drill the witness Shepherd , or any other man , on that day ; that to the best of his belief Lightowler never drilled a man in his life : that he did not

      hearlilghtoxler announce the amonnt of the collection , nor that the balance should be spent in tbe purchase of arms ; that after the meeting he and L ' ghtowler and the bays returned together leaving the high road at Dud . ley-hill , and coming by tbe way of Spring Wood ; that Lightowler never gavethe ward of command to any man or number of men en the way home . Similar evidence in favour of the prisoner was given by David Lightowler tbe prisoner ' s son , a lad of fourteen years , and by DracapDjwblrst , se > of the preceding witness , a lad of fifteen years ; the last witness stating that it was six o ' clock when they reached home . Tbe magistrate , however , decided that this was a case for the consideration of a jury , and Lightowler was therefore committed to York Castle , bat was subsequently liberated on bail , having found two sureties In £ 100 each .

      Ad00417

      Price Threepente , £ A VERBATIM BEP 0 RT OP IHS TRIALS O * ERNEST JONES AND THE OTHER CHARTIST LEADERS . Now Ready , a New Edition of MR . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS . SaS CHEAPEST EDITION EVEE PUBLISHED . Price is . < Sa \ , A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plate of the Author , of PAINE'S POLITICAL WORKS . Jus . published , prioe 3 d ., THE EVIDENCE GIVEN BY . . JOHN SILLETT , In his Examination before the Committee oa the National Land Company . This important bndy of evidence forms sixteen closely printed pages , and c inclusively proves what v y be done , by explaining what John Sillett has done , with Two Acres . No . 22 , OF " THE LABOURER " Is now ready , CONtAlSIKG TWO ARTICLSB BV MR . ERNEST J ) NE 3 , CONTMTS IMirabeau National Literature U-iZ 3 ri & System of Tuscany Kvegan's Fall Eve of Sr . John Things , Good and Evil ( Poetry ) Just Published , price Is . @ d ., forming a neat volume , EVIDENCE TAKEN BY THE SELECT COMMITTEE Appointed to inquire into Tbe National Land Company ; with a review of the face , and an Outline of the Propositions for amending the Constitution of the Company , soas to comply with the Provisions of the Law . Watson , Queen ' a Head-passage , Paternoster-tow , London : A Haywood , Manchester : and ail Booksellers in Town and Country .

      Ad00418

      PORTRAIT OF JOHN MITGHEL / Specimens of a splendid portrait of the first vie tim of the Whig Treason Act , are now in possession of our agents . The portrait will be shortly ready for presentation . That of Smith O'Brien , and those who are sharing his fate , are also in course of preparation . None but subscribers will be entitled to those portraits .

      Ad00419

      IRELAND . This week we report the Irish Treason Trials as far as they have gone—next week we shall bring tbem down to the latest moment .

      The Northern Star, Saturday, September 30, 1848..

      THE NORTHERN STAR , SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 30 , 1848 ..

      The Felon Government. We Are Not Incline...

      THE FELON GOVERNMENT . We are not inclined to swell the bull-frog felon Whigs into traitors , we prefer , upon their own evidence , to make their own use of their own last atrocious and blood-thirsty act . The Whigs and their coadjutors , declared that the object and intent of the " Crown and Government Security Bill" was to establish a new standard by which little traitors should be designated as felons , and not puffed into traitors ; that they should . receive the felon ' s brand and not t he martyr ' s laurels . And if words have meaning—and if overt acts are proofs of guilt—and if the minds of all men are

      not as prejudiced and perverse as the mind of Mr Pembroke , who , upon testing his fitness to serve as a juror , honestly proclaimed it as his opinion , that the Chartists should all be hanged—we shall prove by words and acts , that the Government itself has been the promoter , the instigators , and main spring of those felonious acts with which their . dupes now stand charged ; and the discovery and elucidation of which has cost , and will cost , the country so much treasure , the Government so much infamy , and the laws of the country to much dishonour .

      The motto upon which the Constitution is based , is , " Nulli v endemus , nutti negabimus ant differemus justitiam vel rectum / '' and the English of which is , " We sell nothing , denynothing , or delay right or justice . " And the words are spoken as those of royalty , and thej r constitute the tenure upon which the Crown is held ; and if the monarch can be guilty of treason against the people , the violation of this constitutional maxim is a violation

      of the Constitution itself ; as the essence of loyalty consists in the obligation to render allegiance upon the condition that the Constitution shall secure protection to all . And many of the ablest writersupon the British Constitution have declared , that the obligations which bind the sovereign to the people are mutual and should be mutually enforced , and that the violation of those obligations by the monarch is as treasonable as their violation by the people . ¦

      Indeed , if writers upon the subject had ¦ not thus defined the mutuality of those obligations , common sense itself would do so , as it must be presumed that , whether elective or hereditary , the Sovereign must be the adopted of the people ; and Lord Bolingbroke—a hi gh authority upon the subject—says , " That it is as much the duty of a people to rebel against a corrupt House of Commons , as against a tyrannical Prince ; " thus not only affirming the right , but declaring its exercise as a duty . And if precedent establishesany rule of action , it is furnished by the fact , that the loyal subjects of this country , represented by a few Common Council of the city of London , have banished and beheaded treasonable Monarchs aforetime .

      _ What is a Monarch , if not the impersonation of a great principle , upon which the Constitution of a country is founded ? And have we not before our eyes the startling fact of the representative of our constitution acknowledg ing the right of the French people to dismiss their King , for the violation of the French Constitution ? And have we not . the full recognition of her approval of the right in the person of her Ambassador . at the Court of Paris , and an Ambassador from the Rebel Court at the Court of . St James ' s ? However , as Monarchs ever have been , and ever will be , mere puppets in the hands of artful and designing men who

      warp the Constitution and the law to their own artful purposes , we find the defence of the British Queen in the generous maxim , " That the Monarch can do no wrong , " although this maxim has not operated aa the . justification , defence , or protection of other British Monarchs , who have suffered for the delinquency of their advisers . However , applying the maxim , and not as an improper one—as it would be most ungenerous and unmanly to hold an innocent and inoffensive woman responsible for the acts of her guilty and offensive Ministers—we acquit her of any intentional violation ef the Constitution ; and we now arraign her Ministers upon the charge of violating the Constitution and the Law .

      As to the violation of the Constitution , they have sold everything to the rich—they have denied everything to the poor—they have delayed , nay , withheld , both right and justice from them—they have polluted the source from which justice should spring , by corrupting the Representative body , and by polluting tbe miscalled Representatives of the People by bribery and corruption in the Commons Hou 8 B „ of . Parliament . And these practices would furnish ample grounds for an impeachment against that Ministry , if there were such a thing as a pure tribunal to appeal to ^ but

      The Felon Government. We Are Not Incline...

      when the appeal must be from "Philip drunk to Philip sober , " or from men who have been guilty to those who hope to live and thrive upon similar guilty practices , then a fair trial is out of the question ; and hence the violators of the British Constitution must remain unimpeached for the present . And now we turn to the consideration of the legal question . In cases of murder and high treason ,

      accessories before and after the fact are treated as principals in its accomplishment . In cases of conspiracy , it has been laid down by the Judges of the land that parties subsequently joining , with the intent of carrying out the views of the ori ginal promoters of the conspiracy , are , though not engaged in its formation , also conspirators ; and now we proceed to arraign the Government upon an accepted legal

      maxim" Quifacitper alium , facitper se : ' ' the English of which is— " He who does an act by another , does that act himself . " It would be endless , as well as useless , here to recapitulate the evidence of the informers Powell , Davis , Barrett , Baldwinson , and Tildren , as adduced by the Attorney-General on the trial of Cuffay , Lacey , and Fay . We have given that evidence at sufficient length , and the salient points will be read , if not witnsurprise , with disdain and disgust . And from that evidence we learn that the most daring , the most seducing , the most hardy and

      professedly uncompromising of those ruffians , were the principal instigators to those crimes with which the" prisoners were charged—and we have the admitted fact , that their most desperate resolves were taken at the instance of those informers , after they had been in close and constant communication with the police and detective authorities . We have it upon the evidence of Davis , that it was those informers who actually drove their dupes to desperation :

      for that informer swears that Cuffay , upon discovering that they were betrayed , said " It was no use NOW mincing the matter , for all their necks were in dagger , and they might as well speak out plainly . He only knew John son by that name , and he had no idea that he was communicating with the police until he read an account of his examination at 'the Police Court . He had nojdea before then that he was a spy , and he was the last man he should have suspected . "

      Let any man read the above evidence , and can he come to any other conclusion , than that the fact of Powell ' s betrayal of his own conspiracy had driven Cuffay and others to desperation , which maturer reflection might have arrested ? Cuffay says , " It was no use NOW mincing the matter . " Up to this period , then , it would appear that no defined action was decided upon , and we have it , upon the evidence of Powell , that all the most dangerous resolutions were accepted after he had made the police and the detectives fully acquainted with this conspiracy while yet in the bud—that he received money from the police , received his instructions from the detectives , ' and , acting upon those instructions , taxed his energy to recommend himself to his employers .

      The Governmentof acountry is looked upon as the protector of the institutions of the country ; it stands , or ought to stand , in parental relation to the people . Upon the principle that prevention is better than cure , it should nip crime in the hud , and instead of suborning spies and informers to instigate men to crime ; it should use such information for the purpose of sup pressing it . And as we have stated many times before , we derive from those trials irrefutable proof of the fact , that Government itseli

      has been the promoter of those felonious acts with which the Chartists now stand charged . Did any inspector of police or detective pay their own money to the villain Powell ? Did those in that subordinate situation dare to act upon his own responsibility , without consulting the Fouche of that department , ( Sir G . Grey ) ? Can such a monstrous absurdity be credited , or even entertained , for a moment ? and then will not the legal maxim hold good , that "He who acts by another is himself responsible for the act ?'

      Did not the employers of those spies and informers—those instigators to acts of felonythose traitors to the Crown and Government , communicate directly , as they communicated through their agents , with those who are now placed in the witness-box , as the virtual destroyers of Cuffay and others , but as the actual destroyers of those by whom they were sub - orned , cherished , paid , and courted , and under

      whose insidious instructions they acted ? It may serve the passing time to convict poor men before partisan judges , packed juries , hired spies arid infomers , and a liberty-slaying Press i but when prejudice shall have given way to reason , will not the universal shout throughout the land , be one unbroken yell of execration against the Government that could resort to such diabolical practices ?

      If a parent sees the child straying from the path of virtue , would he not be guilty of a violation of parental duty if he urged that child still further into the abyss of guilt , instead of checking it 'ere it was too late ? and is not the Government , with a full knowledge of the guilty intention of Her Majesty's subjects , equally cr iminal—nay , more criminalin employing instruments of seduction to hurry Her Majesty ' s subjects into crime or revolt ? It may suit the purpose of the Whig

      Attorney-General to make bad puns and jokes upon so awful an occasion . It may suit Mr Justice Erie to be the bottle holder of that high and learned official , in his skirmish with Mr Kenealey , but we tell that judge—who should be above suspicion andshrouded with impartiality—that however his high position may enable him to crush , but not overcome , a young but enthusiastic advocate , that it but ill comports with one in his situation of life to manifest so decided a prejudice against the accused , and to lend himself to the protection of the guilty accuser .

      But however the Attorney - General , shrouded in his robes of office , may gloat over his persecuted victims , we tell him , that the result of those Chartist trials , at the Old Bailey , will be to raise one universal shout of indignation against that Ministry , whose gui t he has established beyond the power of refutation ; and that , apart irom all other agitation for the present , the whole people will now use their united energy to drive the revivers of the memory of Castles and Oliver from power , and thus save the unwary and unsuspicious from the snares of the artful and designing . Since

      the days of the bloody Jefferies down to the present moment , there is no parallel for the atrocities of the present government . They have ' ' let slip the dogs of war" upon a starving people . They are feeding their pampered mercenaries , spies , and informers , upon the wages of seduction , desertion , and treason ; and they have so centralised class-made power , that they hope to rest in security behind those flimsy barricades erected against the mind ' s progress ; but they may rest assured that the day ot retribution is not far distant , and then it will be seen that a united people , acting upon united will , and unprovoked and

      uncontaminated by hired ruffians , are sus * cept ible of the finer feelings of natur e , and that they will not resort to cruel and sanguinary acts of vengeance or retribution , but will content themselves with the establishment of a mild constitution , not based " upon the blood of their ancestors "—as is the boast of the English oligarchy—but built upon the mild spirit of the law , which should be yielding to mercy and stern against oppression , administered by the even hand of justice , and exacting an implicit obedience to its mild authorit .

      The Chartist Trials. We^Cannot Call Too ...

      THE CHARTIST TRIALS . We ^ cannot call too much attention to the trittl „ of those Chartists now proceeding at the Old Bailey ; and whatever may be the verdicts , and whatever may be the punishment , it must be * the . " pride of that reviled party te know and acknowledge , that a more zealous or more able defence could not he made for the first perso-

      The Chartist Trials. We^Cannot Call Too ...

      nage in the land . These have been the first trials under the recent Felony Act , and it will be in the recollection of our readers , that , while that Act was under discussion , and while the Minister boasted of its leniency , in consequence of its mitigation of the law of treason , Mr O'Connor clearly showed that it would he an aggravation of that law , inasmuch as , under the old law , the accused was entitled to many privileges , all of which had the effect

      of apprising him of every particle of evidence tbat was to be adduced against him , and allowing him ample time to prepare to meet any evidence that might be adduced against him ; whereas , as has been proved upon the present trials , if—although the sentence may be transportation for life under the new Act—the witness relied upon by the Crown may break down and altogether tail , it is in the power of the prosecutor to prop him up by the production of new recruits .

      Surely , if protection to property is considered ) by capitalists as a higher duty than the protection of life , we may consider the protection of liberty of equal importance ; and when the sentence for this now mitigated offence may be transportation for life—is it right , or pat , that the accused should be deprived of every legitimate means of defence ? If we could bring ourselves to base future action upon necessary caution , the present exhibition at the Old Bailey would furnish a salutary example to the working classes of this country , and cannot fail of producing some effect upon the mind ot a

      confident , intolerant , and tyrannical Government-No doubt , the Attomey-General imagined that he would have a clear walk over the course ; but as atfLancaster , so in London , the powerful genius , the legal acumen , and the indomitable perseverance of William Prowling Roberts , meets him , haunts him , and paralyses him , as we think we may assert , without fear of contradiction , that , in the annals of State Trials , there never has been a more lucid , a more luminous , or able defence , maintained against the Crown . Indeed , so completehas that

      defence been , that the Government must change place with the accused , and stand convicted upon the evidence , if not by the verdict of the jury . But if Mr O'Connor could pride himself in , or derive satisfaction from , the sufferings of his order , we have the admission of Powell , that one of the chief objects was to entrap that gentleman , who , by his representation , was designated ai a " b——y coward , " as he would not join the physical force party but desired the postponement of the Na tional Assembly .

      The history of the last six months has yet to be written , and from it will be learned that that National Assembly , for the postponement of which Mr O ' Connor contended , has been the origin of every act of persecution to which the Chartist party has been since subjected . Nor can it be asserted , that Mr . O'Connor withheld from that Assembly a knowledge of the fact , that it did not represent the Chartist party—that its deliberations were overawed

      by the applause and enthusiasm of hired spies and informers , stationed in the galleries—and that the very men who were foremost in falsely describing the strength and resolution of the Chartist party , were the greatest cowards , and would be the first to betray them . And , perhaps , there is no similar instance upon record of any leader of a denounced and outlawed people maintaining his ground , against the prejudice of class , and the fierce denunciation of the rebels of his order .

      But , as the day of retribution is sure to come , sooner or later , it must be consolatory to Mr O'Connor to receive the most affectionate letters from the most physical force districts , thanking him for his prudence and foresight ; inviting him to visit their districts ; and assuring him , not of a welcome , but of a cordial and affectionate . reception . We have been long mixed up with the Chartist cause , and although the recent exhibitions of folly were all

      saddled upon the Chartists , yet , with the exception of Cuffay and Shaw , we never before heard the name of one who has been recently tried at the Old Bailey ; and although brute force , treachery , subornation , and perjury have been resorted to as a means of suppressing Chartism , we give it , as our frank and conscientious opinion , that the acts of the present Government , so far from crushing , will have the effect of reviving , re-organising , and re-assuring that party ,

      It will now be believed that there is no reliance to be placed in men who meet in secret , and become the most ardent propagators of sedition and conspiracy . It will be admitted that , as the coward is always the most boastful of his courage , so is the treacherous man always boastful of his fidelity ; and hence , we find Cuffay delating that Powell is , the last man that he would have supposed capable of betrayal , and simply because he had been loudest in his protestations—and , gaining courage from protection , the villain admits that after

      his disclosures to the police and detectives , he became more encouraging , more enthusiastic and bold , more persuasive and instructive in the art of warfare . And yet , how pompous would have been his contempt , and how loud and proud would have been his denunciation of him who dared to accuse him of infidelity . Where is the Chartist who has not witnessed the exhibition of traitors of old standing upon the platform and indignantly repudiating any , tbe slightest , charge against their courage , their honour , their devotion , and fidelity :

      We tell the working men and we believe they have learned it now from experience , that these frothy spouters are to be the least trusted and the most suspected , and we trust that passing events will not be without their effect upon those who prefer clamour to monition , prudence to folly , and real courage to bragadocio . We conclude with an earnest appeal to every man , belong to what class he may , to read the trials of those Chartists , charged upon the evidence of associates , who forced

      themselves upon their councils that they mi ght betray them for lucre ; and then , in the name of justice , of common sense , and humanity , we would ask them to abandon , and for ever , a practice which subjects the honest , the sincere , and confiding , ft the machinations of the rogue , the seducer , and the traitor . And in order to convince them of the honour , the dignity , and praise with which the cruel oppressor is rewarded , we submit the following specimen taken from the " Morning Chronicle " of this ( Thursday ) morning : —

      Thb Late TaAFAMAa-saoABji Riots .-Yesterdayfore , noon a very interesting scene ^ took place in St Martin's Vestry Room . At eleven o ' clock a number of the inhabi . tauts met together for the purpose of presenting to Inspector Farebrass a silver snuff-box and a sum of money , as testimonials of their respect for the manner he performed bis duty during the late Trafalgar-square disturbances , but more especially on the 17 th of April last , when Mr Charles Cochrane ' s deputation met in the square , and when Inspector Farebrass was obliged to use rather violent measures in order to keep back a person employed by Mr Cochrane . The inspector wai taken

      before the magistrate for the alleged offence , and , after hearing the evidence , the case was dismissed . A subsenpUon was set on foot by the special constables and other inhabitants of the parish , and a sum sufficient to purchase a silver snuff-box , which , with £ 18 10 s ., was presented to tho inspector yesterday morning . The teatlmomaV bore a suitable inscription , and was said to have cost fifteen guineas . A sum of £ i Its . was also presented to tbe constable who was charged at the same office with having struck a reporter on the square . The inspector having acknowledged tha high compliment which had b ? en paid to him , retired , and , in the evening , his feiends dined with him in honour of tbe event .

      Thursday Night ; The Jury is again locked up . They complain of intense fatigue . Mr John Humphrey Parry made a most transcendent and eloquent speech , which / actually paralysed the Attorney-General and his minions . Justice will triumph , and the delay secured by the sagacity of Mr Roberts , has enabled us to procure evidence as damaging to the character of Davis and his brother spies—as that of other witnesses has been to the . villain Powelj , Next week we hope to he able to give the transcendent speech of Mr Parry verbatim ; while the tattered , ragamuffin , denounced Chartists have proved to the world that their friends , when accused and endangered , shall not lack sympathy and | defence . Atjeast , MrO'Connor . who

      The Chartist Trials. We^Cannot Call Too ...

      in pocket , represents Chartism , has established this fact ; but , to the shame of the country , had it not been for him , they would have suffered without a struggle ; and let them , with shame , lojk to the amount ef their enthusiasm , as exhibited in the amount of the Defence Fund for the week .

      Middle - Class Legislation, And Remedies...

      MIDDLE - CLASS LEGISLATION , AND REMEDIES FOR NATIONAL EVILS . The middle-class journals omit no opportu * nity of exulting over the evils caused by a period of transition and struggle in France and Germany . It would be as well tbat they should bethink them of the old English adage , and not "halloo before they are out of the wood " Revolutions do not grow spontaneously . They are the product of years of suffering and oppression—of long demanded and long refused rights—of an intolerable sense of suffering—of misery driven into reckless

      desperation—when men , adopting the emphatic words of Scripture , in masses , say— "It is better to be slain with the sword than perish of hunger . " It may be very dreadful to shopkeepers and manufactur ers to hear of business being put a stop to for a- few days , or weeks , in consequence of ententes in large towns , and the papers which speak for these classes may be very eloquent respecting the misery which they cause to the working classes themselves ; but does it never occur to these shopkeepers and journalists , that greater evils must have been previously endured before the

      emetites , whose consequences they so vividly describe , took place ? They appear to forget that the whole of the working classes are not included in their remonstrances against the folly of interfering with the regular current of affairs , because that interrupts business , and consequently stops work . The ordinary routine of the present manufacturing , commercial , and agricultural system , leaves large masses totally without employment , and to these parties the eloquent leading articles of the Press , in the pay of the plutocracy , are but so much wind . Instead , therefore , of

      rejoicing over what they term the failures of democracy in its incipient stages , and earnest efforts tojereate a | new and better state of affairs , the middle classes of this country ought to be looking a-head , and preparing to meet the storm which is evidently brewing in our own c 6 untry . A few figures and facts will more forcibly show the nature and the operation of the system of which the middle classes are the main supporters and abettors , than anything we could say on the subject . The Poor Rates amount upon an average to upwards of 7 , 000 , 000 ? . sterling annually . The number of

      paupers in the workhouses and receiving parochial relief , is one-tenth of the whole population of England ; in Ireland it is one-third ; and in Scotland , though not so large , it is daily in « creasing . But these statistics do not give a complete view of the subject , nor afford a correct idea of the masses for whom no employment , no honest and independent means of subsistence are provided by our arrangements ; and for whom , consequently , a change of system has no terrors . Recent Parliamentary Returns show an alarming and rapid increase of vagrancy , another infallible test of the destitution which prevails among the people . In the districts of the Thames , in the year ending September , 1846 , the number of

      vagrants relieved was 18 , 533 ; but in 1847 it had increased to 44 , 937 , being an increase of 26 , 404 , or sixty per cent , on the preceding year . The nightly average of casual paupers in 600 unioas in December , 1845 , was 1791 ; in 1846 it was 2 , 224 ; in 1847 , 4 , 500 ; and in March , 1848 , it was 16 , 086 . Taking three very different districts similar results are presented—in the Michaelmas quarter in 1845 the casual poor relieved at Windsor was 1 , 700 , and in 1848 , 5 , 868 . At Devizes in 1847 the number was 1 , 394 , and in 1848 , 2 , 892 . In the North Riding in 1836 there was but one ; in 1846 , 216 ; and in 1847 , 1 , 161 . The applicants for relief at the Mendicity Society were twentyseven per month in 1836 ; in 1847 it was 15 , 678 ; and in 1848 , 22 , 296 .

      Startling as these figures are , avid unde ] niably as they exhibit the downward influence of our present system—as developed in its pauper and vagrant-making tendenciesanother class of wretched victims must be added before we see it in all its monstrous deformity and foulness . Crime is the child o £ poverty . Without being naturally more devoid of moral feeling than the " easy classes , " the poor man and the uneducated and hungry child are driven to the commission of crimes

      by the stern behests of poverty and starvation * . The Penitentiary at Parkhouse costs l 4 , 349 l a-year , and Pentonville 18 , 000 J . The cost of : prosecutions is 348 , 000 ? . a-year ; of County Gaols 147 , 145 ? . The cost of County Houses i f Correction is 180 , 841 ? . ; of Rural Police ,, 180 , 000 ? . ; the Metropolitan Police ; 363 , 164 ? . ;; giving , in these items alone , a total of one ? Million two Hundred and Thirty-one Thousandi ayear , expended upon crime and the maintenance of felons . In order to get at the actual ! cost under this head , the voles from the Consolidated Fund , and the Civil Contingencies ,, for the maintenance and salaries of the Judges , ! , & c , require to be added—which will mate- - rially increase the amount we have now ? stated .

      Here , then , in a somewhat tangible shape , } , we have presented the results of our presentit mode of legislation and commerce . Year byiy year we find pauperism , vagrancy , and crimete multiplying around us , not by units , but by » j tens of thousands . The system remorselesslyly drives downwards struggling honesty andui virtue into the ranks of the paupemi and the felon—the chances of independwiin ! labour , and of earning an honest subsistencece rapidly grow fewer . Poverty stalks , like ami ! armed man , into the dwelling of the laboureiei

      —puts out his fire—plunders his home of fur -. initure , bedding , and wearing apparel—emptieiei his cupboard of food—and s its down at hiais cold , desolate hearth with gaunt frame antnt wolfish eyes—to tempt to deeds of recklesssi despair . Yet all this goes on almost untn heeded , or , at best , with a few wordsjof meamn ingless commiseration , or sectional and isoso lated efforts , which are about as effectual ir ir stemming the tide of wretchedness as it wouldldl be to empty the ocean by buckets . These are the things that precede physical force revolutions .

      If there was a real want of the means fofon providing employment , we might bow ir ii : humble submission to the will of Providencece 1 or with a clear conscience seek some othehe : field of exertion . But this is not the casase : It is admitted , on all hands , that while thithii progressive and appalling increase of paupeneii ism , vagrancy , and crime , has been going or or that the country has , at the same time , beeiee growing richer in all the means necess , iry fc fci the diffusion of wealth and prosperity amonom all classes of the population . The astoundinlini anomaly is , that this enormous amount ofpc ' pc : verty and misery exists in what is admitted td tl be the richest country in the world , and sidsidi

      by Side , with wealth and luxury among th , tb aristocratic and wealthy classes , such as eveve : Rome in its palmiest days could not approaciaci ! We observe that a vigorous movement it being made by the advocates of Emigratioitiou to turn the facts and figures we have nono » stated to account in furthering the operatiot ' m ot wholesale transportation . Meetings ha'hav been held in' various places , at which , aftaft : giving a broad but not over-coloured descrkrii tion of the state of things at home—the mtmtD fascinating and tempting pictures were dratiravv of the felicity and prosperity which await it ii who are wise enough to be shipped off to AuAuj tralia and other places " . beyond the seas . " "

      We have already , on various occasions , e , ej posed this " dodge'' of the ruling and wealtialt ; classes , and given our reasons for advising tg tt working classes to stay at heme , and demaimai

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 30, 1848, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_30091848/page/4/