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colonial an* dTortimt December 30, 1846....
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colonial an* dTortimt _ miwy> * ¦ whi^i.i ¦ *w*>j\jki*.- - - rf ninnfarani, fEw eioioiuaiaito ifnrpirm
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FRANCE. ~~~ ~ -! rSTClAMiTIOS OF THK PBS...
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THE ASSASSINATIONS IN NORFOLK. Wt&ionoha...
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Frbk Tbadb.—The progress of Free Trade p...
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TO THE . PEOPLE OF E$GUKP . . Letibr IX....
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According to official returns , the expo...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Colonial An* Dtortimt December 30, 1846....
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Colonial An* Dtortimt _ Miwy≫ * ¦ Whi^I.I ¦ *W*≫J\Jki*.- - - Rf Ninnfarani, Few Eioioiuaiaito Ifnrpirm
colonial an * dTortimt _ miwy > * ¦ whi ^ i . i ¦ * w *> j \ jki * .- - - rf ninnfarani , fEw eioioiuaiaito ifnrpirm
France. ~~~ ~ -! Rstclamitios Of Thk Pbs...
FRANCE . ~~~ ~ - ! rSTClAMiTIOS OF THK PBSSIOUT QF TBS SZPVBUC Ve announced , jhe proclamation : of the newlvl elected President mlut Saturday ' . Sna ; we Sw Sve the following addifaonal particulars . Aitha government hadI received information that i { w « tie intention tf certain pereoni to take advan-W ofthe cewmony of the inauguration ofthe Preheat ofthe Republic , for the purpose of endeavouriogto raise an Canute in the streets of Paris , it waa arranged betweeathegOTernment of General Cavaizatr , and thatof tbe President Louis Napoleon Bonap , * , that toe eeremony ofthe pfhVal proclamation ^ the Preadent sho ul d take pla ce oa Wednesday , December 10 , instead of Thursday , so that tbe disaf fected being taken by surprise , might be thus
nraa / ented from disturbing the public tranquillity . Accordingly , at four o ' clock on Wednesday the preident elect proceeded to the National Assembly , risen M ; Waldeck Rousseau rose to say the Comrritteebad chwged him to announce to the National Assembly that the Citizen Louis Napoleon Bonaparte tad been duly nominated President of the Republic [ Marks of satisfaction . ) Tie President . —General Cavaignao demands to ijeafc . ( Deepiilence . ) Gfneral Cavaignac ( in a firm voice ) . —I coma here
to inform you that 1 nave just received the collective resignation of the Ministry . 1 have also toatate that I have now to remit into your hand the office of president of the Council , which yen were pleased to entrnstto me . The Assembly will be able to comprehend better than I am able to express all the gratitude that I feel to it for the great kindness which it has pleased to testify towards me all the time that I exercised that power , ( Loud cheers , which lasted some time . ) The hon . general then , on descending from the Tribune , passed his former place and seated himself lower down on the Left , near the place where M . de Lamartine usually sits . The President . —I now shall put the report of the committee to the rote . This was done , and every membsr , without exception , stood up in its favour .
The President , in a loud voice , then said . —In the name of the French people , before God , and in presence of the National Assembly—aeeinj that Louis Napoleon Bonaparte has obtained the absolute majority required by Aita . 47 and 48 ofthe Constitution—I proclaim bio to be President of the French Republic JDemocratio , one and indivisible , from thepreasnt day to the second Sanday of May , 1852 . I invite the new Presides * to come forward and take the oath required fay the Constitution . [ M . LouisNapoleon then came forward and ascended the tribune . ] Thefollowing is the oath : — ' Before God , and in the presence of the French people , represented by the National Assembly . 1 swear to remain faithful to the Republic and that I shall always forward its interests , in all respects . ' __ M . Louis Napoleon Bonaparte , in aloud voice—I swear . ( The loude * t cries of'Viva laRepublique !' here arose ; one voice responding with the cry of ' Vive la Constitution ! ' )
The President . —The tribune is to the President of the Republic . ( Marks of the greatest interest . ) The Presidentof the Republic then read , the following address : — « Citizm Representatives , —The suffrages of the ration , and the oath I have just taken , trace out for me my future conduct I shall follow it as a can of honour . I shall regard as enemies of ocr country all those who should attempt to change by illegal means what all France has established . ( Hear . ) Between you and me , Citizen Representatives , there cannot beany real difference of opinion . Our wishes , cur desires are the ? ame . I wish , like yon , to placa society on its trae fcies ; to strengthen democratic institutions , and to
alleviate the miseriesof that generous and intelligent people which has just given me such a striking proof of its confidence . The majority which I have cbtained not only penetrates me with gratitude , bnt it will give to the new government that moral force without whieh there is no authority . With peace and order our country can again improve—can care its wounds—bring back the men that have been misled , and calm down passions . Animated by a sincere spirit of conciliation , I have called roandme cspahleand patriotic men , who , to spite ef the diversity of their political origin , are ready to devote themselves with you to the application ofthe Constitution , the improvement of the laws , and the glory of the Republic . A government coming into power to
o ^ es a debt of thanks its predecessors when tbe deposit of its authority is handed over to it intaot , and in particular I owe it to the hon . General Cavaignao to say that his conduct ia worthy of the geserosity of his character , and that sentiment of duty which is the first quality of a statesman . ( Hear , tear . ) We have , citiien representatives , a grand mission to fulfil—to found a Republic in the interest cf all , and a just and firm government , which shall fe animated by a sincere desire of progresv , without being either reactionary or Utopian . Let ns be tbe men of the country , not the men of s party ; and , with the aid of God , we will at least do good , if we cannot achieve great things / ( Lond applause . ) The address was followed by loud cheers , and
The Presidentof the Republic then left the tribune , and going down the centre of the house , proceeded to the seat of General Cavaignac , and shock him warmly by the hand . The President—I have to state to tha Assembly , that M . 0 . Barrot has been empowered to form a new Ministry . The President of the Republic then lefttte Assembly , in company with M . 0 . Barrot , M . L . de Jlallevflle , and other representatives . A procession was afterwards formed , and tha Pras ! d * nt of the Repnnlie was conducted to his official residence , the Palace of the Elysea National , eidivant Elysee Bourbon . THB KZW IflSISTBT .
At six o ' clock on Wednesday evening the President ef the'Natisnal Assembly received the following message from tha Presidentof the Repablie : — 4 . le President . I request yon to announce to the National Assembly , that in conformity with Article Clof the Constitution , I have , by a decree of this day , named : — M . Odillon Barrot , Minister of Jastice , charged with fte Presidency of the Council of Ministers in the absence of the President of the Republic ' y .. Drouyn de Lhuys . Minister of Foreign Affaire , 31 . Leon de Malfeviile , Minister of ( heloferier . M . Rulhieres , the Minister ef War . M . de Tracey , Minister of the Marine and Colonies . M . Fallonx , Minister of Public Instruction and Worship . M . Leon Faueher . Minister ef Public Works . 51 . Bixio , Minister of Agriculture . SI . Passy ( Hjppolite ) . Minister of Finances .
• Accept Monsieur le President , the assurance of my high consideration . ' Lons NiPOLEOsBoiriPAsre . ( Countersigned ) Odielos Barbot , Minister of Jaatice . ' A decree tnpeared in the Mositxus ci Thursday . mainaticg Marshal Bugeaud commander-in-chief of the Army of the Alps . Another decree nominates Geceral Changarnier commander of the first military division , which includes all the regular troops quartered in the department ofthe Seine , as well as tiia Nationa Guard of that department , and the Garde Mobrle . Another decree appoints Coloael fisbeiilot Prefect of Police . M . Recurfc has resigned his office of the Prefecture ofthe Seine . M . Etienne Arage . Direotor-Ueneral of the Post Office , has also resig ned .
Paris . Friday . —It is expected that the new ministry will communicate its programme to the Chamber on Tuesday next . By decrees leaned yesterday , tie President of the Republic has made the following appointments : —M . Biroche , representative of the P 59 ?! e , to be Procureur-General at the Court ef Appeal of Paris ; M . Berger , representative of the people , mayor of the eecond arrondissement , to be Prefect of the Seine ; M . Amedee Thayer , member ofthe municipal commission , wounded in the days of Juce at tbe head of his battalion , to be Director-G ^ nersI ofthe Post Otnce ; M . Dabost , late administrator of the Post OSee . to ba reinstated in his fcixtiens . By a decreeof the Ministerof thelnterier also dated yesterday , be names M . Castaudet , advocateto be chief of hia cabinet .
, Pahh . Tbxsbat . —Mr Odillon Barrot opened the proceedings of tha day by reading , aa President , of fee Council , a paper which proved to be a declaration of the principles of the Cabinet . The paper in question made but slight reference to foreign politics , « hich were passed over by a general declaration of tbe inconvenience that would attend allusions to negotiations that had been opened , and which were only in progress . He would promise , however , that France would not rashly engage her word , and that what she pledged herself to undertake should be carried out- The document turned almost exclu-Elvely on the internal situation of the country—upon
the necessity of restoring confidence by establishing material and moral order , and placing onanmdestrnctible basis the Republic they had founded and would affirm . Order , he said , should be maintained , even to the extent of restoring order to the mind . Disorder should be crushed , for on no other condition wold society be restored . Confidence , labour , tnfcstry , all depended npoa it He said that the government would revive and encourage the spirit of «" = oeirtion by individnili for the execution of public ^ terprisei . This promise , which implied a renunelation ofthe doettine ofthe Republican party rela we to the resumption of railways and the interference of the Statewas loudly applauded .
, . , M . Ledru Rollin then rote to put some interne ! - UUons to the government with respect to the millfpy powers conferred open General Changarnier , Commander-in-Chief of lhe National GuHd of ?«« , and of the first military division . He waa Rested , M . Ledra Rollin laid , with power con-«» fy to the Conatitation and to the law of 1833 . B 7 the powers given to him , General Changanuer ?!* a irresponsible , aad would become dangerous to the Wwrtie i of the State .
France. ~~~ ~ -! Rstclamitios Of Thk Pbs...
Waf ' aSft B » r ° * «?!«»* that the Minister of War , an ! the whole Cabinet , took upon them « el ™« the responsibility of the granting of those E ? As rejected lfl 9 qaeatt « i of llga % 7 MrfiS m d 8 / f lengtheeed remark ^ S wefe " re ffa ? SSnS 5 «? pted b ^ ? P « ty of the Mount aS SaiSftr * ^ easoreitelf . He defended it on the ground of the necessity of piscine an PffinW power in the hands of one efficientX at a p Sod The Assembl y passed to the order sf the day TU . * , » - ^ I-ATB IUjCnON . JEL 2 ^ )! . the final 8 tate ° f the poll , as Moi ! SS ° I Committe 9 ° f ^ Assembly to tS Number of Voters in the 86 departments w -.. « . ^
, not including Algiers ' , 7419 ) 741 Number of votes exoressed < r xoa o-i u . ; n ^ u . -t » JZ : F "»« = a . 7 426 , 2 o 2 Majority of votes expressed 3 . 713427 Louis Napoleon Bonaparte 5 S 3 i 520 ffiSREiT- 1 . . 302 Ledru . Rollm 37 U 31 t P ^ i- ' " ' 36 , 964 Lamartine 17914 Changarnier „ " . 4 ^ 7 Divers votes m 12 , 434
T- ... .. , t 7 , 426 . 252 Unconstitutional vetes 23 . 219
France. ~~~ ~ -! Rstclamitios Of Thk Pbs...
nv w 1 T » talas s * ° ™ 7 . 449471 M . Mpoleon Bonaparte has been commiBsioned by the President to announos to the oourUof Brussels and the Hague the installation of ths President . He will then proceed to London where he will make the same communication , and where he will continue as Minister of the Republic . One of the motives which have prompted this measure is the strong pohticstl d ^ , rencisvrhic \ eatts batween M . Napoleon Bonaparte and his cousin . M . Napoleon Bonaparte has been always closely connected with the ultrademocratic party , to whieh the President ofthe Republic ladectdedly opposed . To avoid , therefore , the manifestation of dissension in the family , M . Napoleon Bonaparte takes an embassy . - Tha ex-King Jerome Bonaparte , uncle ofthe President ef the Republic , has been appointed Governor of the Invalidesy in the place of Marshal Moliter who is named Grand Chancellor of the iLegion of Honour .
Tha RarosMB contains the following information ' A CABINET C 0 DKCIL TJHDKR LOUIS 1 UP 0 LKON BOVA
PARTE The poPcy of the President of the French Republic is about to be vigorously traced out . France is to be made to return to the European concert , out of which aba was taken by the resolution of February . A Ho ' y Allianoa waa agree ! upon the day before yesterday . Dsc . 24 th , in a council of ministers held three days after the installation of M . Louis Napoleon Bonaparte . This Holy Alliance has for its object to re establish the Pope on his legitimate throne , by the force of French , Austrian , and Neapolitan bayonets . It would be proposed immediately to tha Austrian government , and to the King of Naples . Snob , is tha decision that was taken yesterday in a council of ministers ' under tbe Presidence of Louis Napolenn Bonanarfe : tha faot
is guaranteed to us by persons worthy of faith , and we could even name the high personages of the day who have committed the indiscretion of revealing it . France , Austria , and the King of Naples , will restore his Holiness the Pope as temporal prince . The three protecting powers will keep alternately garrisons at Rome : France is to furnish the first garrison . Commentaries are useless . France , directed by the nephew of the Emperor Napoleon , making a'liance with revolutionary Austria , ; stained with blood and filth , with the Bourbon of Naples , worthy friend of Austria , to establiah a sovereign on big throne , au 3 to muzzle a people who have dared to cry * Liberty and independence . ' Tbe fact speaks aloud . It is such as dared not have entered the head of Louis Philippe . ' The Patsis denies the truth of this statement .
TheBiES Pbbuc , which was the or / 'an of M . de Lamartine , having ceased to appear , tha two principal editors , MM . Feliatan and A . . de Ia Guerronulere , have joined the Pnsssn : On Sunday a military review took place , which was attended by the President . Notwithstanding the coldness of the weather , the rappel was generally responded to , and by half-past ei ght all the legions w ^ re assembled in tbe positions previously set apart for them . The troops collected " in their respective positions at a somewhat earlier hour . At one o ' clock the filing off had terminated , and everything passed off in the most admirable order .
PKB 3 SCDTI 0 S OF TBI DSUrCBATS . M . Valleton , described as a student , was convicted by default before the Court of Arsize of Paris , on Friday last , of having reopened a political club wkich had been closed by the authorities . He was sentenced to imprisonment for eight months , and to be deprived of his civic rights during eight years . MM . Merlienr , Valleton , Muirson , Charles Daponey , Henri Duponey , and Bouchier , were next tried—the first for having delivered a speech at t ^ e Clab of the Rue de Charonne , in whioh he insulted religion and morality , and the othets for aiding and abstting him . M . Merlieux was sentenced , by default , to imprisonment for fifteen months , and te pay a fine of two thousand francs . The others were sentenced to imprisonment for periods varying from two to three months , and to pay fines varying in amount from two hundred to two thousand francs .
THK BSD BEPEBL 1 C . A bacqnet of French , German , and ether foreign S eialist Democrats took place on Sunday at the Barriere da Maine ; 450 persons were present , and amongst them were fifty ladies . No representatives attended . There were inscriptions to Barbe ? , Blanqui , Messenbanser , Albert , Blum , Raspail , Louis Blanc , Caussidiere , and Courtais , and in the centra was written' Vive la Republique Demccratique et Sociale . ' The toasts were given in the following order : 'To France , the focus of light—to the holy alliance of nation ? , ' by M . Alpubn , a German ; ' To democratic Germany , * by M . Leger ; * To the intellectual aud material alliance of France and Germany , ' by M . Heverdet ; ' To Robespierre , Couthon , StJJust . and all their successors . ' This toast was reponded to by loud cries of' Girmany for ever 1 ' ' The universal Republic for ever ! ' M . Kowinski
proposed a toast , ' To the memory of those who died defendin g tbe Democratic and Social Republic ( the insurants of Jnne ) , and to the return of those who are suffering for it . ' M . Albert Maurin gave , ' Revolutionary meatuKs ; ' M . Hesse , ' Tranquillity and a pacific propaganda ; ' M . Herve , ' Our German brethren , and to ail martyrs whom they have left on the road of liberty . ' Several speeches were delivered . M . Kopper , a German , recommended the French and German democrats to unite and to act against the common enemy . ' As they have trampled on tbe dead bodies of our brothers , ' said he . ¦ we must trample en theirs , for a revolution cannot be complete nntil satisfaction be given to the entire nation . ' This speech was received with immense applause . M . Rupoli , an Italian democrat , protested against a French intervention to crush tbe progress of democracy in bis country . After some patriotic sings the meeting separated .
GERMANY . THS GKBMiS PAELUUEKT . M . Von Gagern ( late President of the Assembly ) has been appointed President of the Council of Ministera- The programme of the new ' minister has excited general disapprobation . PRUSSIA;—The Attorney General is busily employed in collecting evidence against those members of the late National Assembly who took steps to publish in the provinces the resolution of the Assembly res pecting the non-payment of taxes . # BAVARIA . —A journeyman tailor at Munich , who waa the editor of a journal entitled , Lei thbeb be Liem . was arrested on tha ISth , and is to be brought to trial for high treason , with the editor ef another journal not yet arrested . The tailor was at tbe head of an aswoiation of workmen .
AUSTRIA is in a state of financial crisis from which there seems to be ne prospect ef escape . The V 7 ie 5 kb Zsrraxo states that Franz Fizia , of Silesia , aged 54 years , haa been sentenced to twelve years' imprisonment , for participating in an armed riot ; and that Franz Nolle , of Styria , in the artillery , has been condemned to eight years' hard labour , ia heavy irons , at tbe fortifications , for desertion , and participation in the revolt . m The same paper contains the following particulars respecting the property of the ill-fated Messenhauser i Aa various erroneous reports are in circulation which
are inserted both in the national and foreign journals respecting the property of Herr Messenhauser , we give the following authentic particulate from an authentic soarce , whioh will show the actual state of the case- It appears from the will cf Measenhanser , which has been published by our magistrates , that he left 200 guilders in cash in the hands of the ma Eistrates , besides linen , wearing apparel , books , and literary works . Among the latter is , « A Tale of Antiquity . ' in 10 vols ; a . romance , ^ beModern Argonauts ; ' and a drama in five acts , Gold has its Wefeht' These works are all in manuscript ,, , and
are complete . There are also various unnnisBeu literary productions , the value ef which will be decided by some future historiographer . r-. ns ,. According to the latest intelligence from Galicia , the fostered animosity between the Polish and Lutbenian races is more violent than ever . It is now clear that tha Austrian government rely upon the latter for doin *—in case of another Polish insurreotion-the sanguinary work which the Gauciu peasants some time ago performed , and now bitterly refiret ' THE WAR IN HUNGARY .
( From the correspondent ofthe Times . ) Vienna Die . 17 . —Colonel Frischeisen made on the 11 th a diversion against the insurgent troops in his front , and obtained considerable advantage over them , while Field-Mawhal Lieutenant Count Charles Schlick took rjoeeesaien ofthe towns of Epenea and S oYtheUthinst . General Simonioh attacked the defile * 0 ? JabloaiU and oompeM the Magyar forces
France. ~~~ ~ -! Rstclamitios Of Thk Pbs...
to throw themselves into Tyrnau . Accounts from Tyrnau , totheI 7 vhinst ., state that the . insureent Magyars , afterhsving retired before the approach of uaneral Simomoh ' s corps , and made good their retreat to Szsred , were considerably reinforced from Fresburg , and resisted the march of the imperial troops war Tyrnau . General Simonich attacked them m their positions at four o ' clock p . m ., on the lGth inst ., and beat them , after an engagement of two hours' duration . The Magyars lost five pieces ofartdlery . one standard , 766 prisoners , and fortythree horses . The setting in of night prevented the imperial troops from following up their advantage . The corps of General Simonioh took possession of the
city . of Tyrnau and its environs . Field-Marahal the Prince Windisobgratr commenced , on the l « tb , a general reconnaissance from hia camps atBruck , on the LeitherandPrellenkirohen . He extended his troops , consisting of the 1 st corps of the army and tho reserve corps , oa all sides , and offered the Magyars battle , which they refused to lake , but retired on all points . The defence of two villages was indeed attempted , but it waa given up after a smartish cannonade from the imperial artillery . A brigade of horse was pushed against the small town of Banmnn , whereupon the Magyars quitted the place , and made good . their retreat to Hrmgarian-Altenburg , and the imperial troops seized upon Easimizhof and Rittsee .
Field-Marshal Prince Windischgratz advanced his outposts on the right bhnk of the Danube , opposite to Preaburg , on the 17 th . The left bank of that river » as occupied by another corps , which , without meeting with any resistance , had taken possession of Stampfin ; the outposts were pushed close to the fortifications of Preaburg . From the army bulletins we extract the following additional particulars : —On the 16 th , a detachment of troops took by storm the little town of Volka Brddersdorf ( where twenty-eight Magyar soldiers , including two officers , were captured ) , and then
marched to Elingenbacb . The Magyar troops who retired before Windisohgrafz , felt back on Wieselbnr , On the 16 : h . the head quarters of the Ban of Croatia were at the Rasimer farm-house , near Altenburg . He hid previously driven the left flank ofthe Magyars beyond Zorndorf in the direction of the Neuisidler Lake . On the 17 th , the second army corps ( under Lieutenant Field-Marshall Wehher ) were to cross the March , attack Neudorf , and advance over the heights towards Presburg , whilst the main body advanced alocg the right bank of the Danube towards Eugenau .
Letters from Agrum , of tha 12 th , slate that Pesth journals of the 8 th assert that the Hungarian Diet has denounced as traitors all persons who acknowledge the new Emperor of Austria as King of Hungary . ( From tbe Daily News . ) We have accounts from Vienna to the 19 th , bnt no cotfirmation ef the victories claimed in the army bulletins to whioh we referred yesterday . In fact , according to the Nsun Rhbihische Zsituno of Cologne , * letters from Teschen , whioh arrived in the Austrian capital at the above date , positively assert , that Friesoheisen , instead of having , as officially reported , gained a brilliant victory at Sillein , was driven across tho frontiers into Austria Proper , with the loss of many cannons . It is announced in the same journal , that Presburg has not been taken . The Wikkeb Zeithsg complains of the sympathy felt here and there for Kossuth .
( From the Morning Chronicle . ) Advices from Vienna of tbe 19 tb , fully confirm the fall of Presburg . The National Guard laid down their arm ? , and the Magyars withdrew . The latter purposed , it is said , making a stand at Raab . Letters from Pancrowa state that the Hungarians had attacked the head camp of the Servians , and taken it by storm . The Hungarians were preparing to croas the Drave , with the intention of bombarding Legrad . Accounts from Herrmanstadt state tbat the Hungarians had evacuated Transylvania . Eubliza , the self-installed King of the peasants of Bukowina , has been taken prisoner . Later accounts from the army of Windischgratz state that his troops had suffered greatly from cold and privation . Several picquets had been frozen to death . The success of his invasion of Hungary was considered doubtful .
ITALY . Roms . —The Risorgiuksto of Turin publishes in its number ef the 16 th inst . the text of the decree of tbe two Chambers of the Hth inst ., provisionally depriving the Pope of temporal power . It is as fellows : — ' The two Chambers sanctioned the following decree , proposed by the commission of five , with the assent of the ministry : —A commission of three persons shall be elected , for the purpose of carrying on the government in the absence of the Executive powers . The members of this committee shall be elected by the Chambers from persons not forming part of them , and by an absolute majority . This commission shall exercise , in the name of the Pope , all the functions of the executive power . It shall discontinue its functions on the return of the Sovereign Pontiff , or when he shall himself appoint , according to constitutional forms , a government destined te replace it .
Die . 12 . —To-day the commission has been named in the persons of the three senators ( lord mayors ) of Rom ? , Bologna , and Ancona , who will forthwith enter on their functions , and meet at the Quirinal palace . It now becomes a matter of small importance what may ba tha future resolves of the pilgrims or prisoners of Gaeta . As long aa the cardinals can contrive to forego the luxuries of life which the stoppage ot their salaries ( 4 , 000 dolhrs each annually ) will cut 3 hort , ao long , and no longer , will these functionaries persist in their opposition to the unanimous determination of the Roman laity , town and provinces . It will take some time to convince them that this is no dogmatical , or polemical , or canonical controversy , but a mere matter of secular bnsioes ; and as soon as they open their eyes to that simple fact their arrival may be looked for at the gates of the Roman treasury .
Dec . 14 . —We are now returned to the government of the Triumvirs , viz , Prince Corsini , with the gonfaloniers of Ancona and Bologna , after a lapse of 2 . 500 years . Everything is in the utmost calm . The speculations of French and other journals as to R : me being the theatre of rapine , slaughter , and every imaginable disaster , are quite melancholy delusions . The Irish-papers are peculiarly insane , and miserably ignorant as to facts . But this is not wonderful . The French flotilla is off Civita Vecchia , but creates no alarm here .
The following , it is said , are the conditions on which the Pope will consent to return to Rome : — Recognition of the commission named by him . Dismissal of the Ministry . Dissolution and re-formation of the Civic Guard . Momentary suspension of the liberty of the press . The Nazionale of the 18 th says , that since the flight of the Pope , the Roman population eagerly demand to be called on , by universal snffrage , to recompose the political powers which should govern them under present circumstances ; and that if these wishes are not complied with , and an Assembly of Representatives elected by universal suffrage convoked , disunion vrill assuredly show itself in the provinces . Piedmont . —The Gioberti ministry hav & published their programme , in which they declare taat Italian independence cannot be achieved without war .
UNITED STATES . THB PBESIDEHX ' fl MBS 3 AGB . The Message was presented to Congress on the 5 th instant . The document commences by
reference to THB POLITICAL CONVtJLSIOHS OF THB EUROPSAN CONTINENT . In revlewteg the great events of the past year , and contrasting the agitated and dlatmbed state of other countries with our own tranquil and happy conditlen , we may congratulate ourselves that we are the most favenred people on the face of the earth . While the people of other countries are struggling to establish free Institutions , under which maa may govern himself , we are In the actual enjojment of them—a rich Inheritance from om fathers . While enlightened nations of Europe are convulsed and distracted by civil war or intestine
strife , we settle all our political controversies by the peaeefal exercise of the rights of freemen at tbe ballotbox . The great republican maxim , so deeply eagraven on the hearts of our people , that the will of the majority , consatutlonaUy expressed , shall prevail , leonr sure safeguard against force and violence . It Is a subject of just pride , that our fame and character as a nation continue rapidly to advance In th ? estimation of the civilised world . To our wise and free institutions it Is to be attributed , that while other nations have achieved glory at the price of the suffering , distress , and impoverishment of their people , we have won onr honourable position in the midst of an uninterrupted prosperity , and of an increasing individual comfort and happiness .
Tho government and people of the United States balled with enthusiasm and delight the establishment of tbe French R rpubllo , as we now hall the ifforts In progress to unite the States of Germany in a confederation similar in many respects to our own federal Union . If ths great and enlightened German Siate » , occupying as they do a central and commanding position in Europe , shall succeed In estaWUhlng such a confederated government , securing at the same time to the citizens of each State local governments adopted to the peculiar condltl » u of each , with uareitrioted trade and Intercourse wl-b each other , It will be an Important era ia tha history of human events . While it will consolidate and strengthen the power ef Germany , It mast essentially promote the canse of peaee , commerce , civilisation and constitutional liberty throughout the world . Alluding to the friendly connexions existing between the States aud Mexico , the Message adds , before
THE LATE WAB WITH HIXIC 0 . European and other foreign powers entertained imper . feet and erroneous views of our physical strength as a nation , aad of our ability to prosecute war , and eipedally a war waged ont of onr own country . They saw that our standloj army , on tha peace establishment , dlfl
France. ~~~ ~ -! Rstclamitios Of Thk Pbs...
not exceed ten thousand men . Accustomed themselves to maintain , In peace , large Btandipg armies , for the protection of thrones , ' against their ewn subjects as well as against foreign enemies th » y had not conceived that It was possible for a nation without auoh an army , well disciplined and of long serrioe , to wage war successfully . They held in low repute our mtlitia , and were far from regarding them as aa effective ferce , unless it might be for the temporary defensive operations when invaded on our own soil . The events of the late war with Mexico have net only undeceived them , but have removed erroneous Impressions which prevailed to some extent even among a pinion of our own countrymen . That war has demonstrated that upon tbe breaking oat of hostilities
not anticipated , and for which no previous preparation bad been made , a valunteer army of oitizsn soldiers , equal to veteraa troops , and in numbers equal to any emergency , san , in a short period , be brought into the flold . Unlike what would have occurred in any other conntry , we wtre under no necessity of resorting to drafts or conscriptions . On tbe contrary , soon xtas tbe number of volunteers who patriotically tendered their services , that tbe chief difficulty was in making selections aud determining who should b « disappointed and compelled to remain at home . Ourcltizan soldiers are unlike thoie drawn from the population of any other country . They are composed IndUcrlmtnately of all professions and pursuits ; of
farmerslawyersphysiciansmtr-, , , chants , mechanics , and labourers ; and this , not only among the officers , but the private soldiers in the ranks . Onr citizen seldisra are unlike those of any ether country in other respects . They are armed , and have been accustomed , from their youth up , t « handle and use fire , arms ; and a large proportion of them . sipeoially in tbe westwn and more newly settled states , ore expert marksmen . They are men who have a reputation to maintain at home by their good conduct In the field . They are Intelligent , and there Is an individuality of character which Is found In the ranks of no oth « r army . In battle , each private man , as well as every officer , fights not only for his country , but for glory and distinction amocg his fellow citizens when he shall return to civil life .
THE HEW TEBBITOBIES , The area of these several territories ( Teias , New Mexico , and California ) , according to a rsport cnrsfully prepared by the Commissioner of the Ganeral Land Office , from the most authentic information in bis possession , and which ia herewith transmitted , contains one million oae hundred aad ninety . threo thousand and sixty one square miles , or seven hundred and sixty-three million five hundred and fJ / ty-nin © thousand and forty acres ; while the area of tho remaining twenty-nine States , and the territory no ' , yot organised Into States , east of the Rocky Mountains , contains two mi . llonP , fifty .
nine thousand five hundred and thirteen square miles , or thirteen hundred aad eighteen million one hundred and twenty-six thousand and fifty . eight acres . These estimates show tbat the territories recently acquired , and over whioh our exclusive jurisdiction and dominion have been extended , constitute a country more than half as large as all that which was hold by tbe United States before their acquisition . The Mississippi , so lately the frontUr of our country , Ig now only Its centre . With the addition of the late acquisitions , tbe United Slates are now estimated to be nearly as large as the whole of Europe .
THE GOLD MINES IN CALIFORNIA , Itwas known that mines of the precious metals existed to a considerable extent In California at the time of Its acquisition . Recent discoveries render it probable that these mines are more valuable than was anticipated . The accounts ofthe abundance of gold ia that territory are of such an extraordinary character as would scarcely command belief were they net corroborated by the authentic reports of officers In the public ' service , who hove visited the mineral district , and derived the facts which they detail from personal observation . Reluctant
to credit the reports In general circulation as to the quantity of gold , the officer commanding onr forces in Call , fornia visited the mineral district in July last , for the purpose of obtaining accurate information on the subject . When ha visited the country , there were about four thousand persons engaged In collecting gole . There is every reason to believe that the number of persons ao employed has since been augmented . The explorations already made warrant the belief tbat the [ supply is very Urge and that gold Is found at various places in an extensive district 0 ' the country ,
Tbat we may the more speedily and fully avail , our . selves of the undeveloped wealth of these mines , It is deemed of vast importance tbat a branch of the Mist of the United States be authorised to be established , at your present session in California , Among other signal advantages which would result from such an ettabllsbment woald be that of raising the value of gold to Its par value in that territory . A branch mint of tha United States at the great commercial depot on the west coast would convsrt Into oar own ccin not only the gold de . rived from our own rich mines but also the bullion and specie which our commerce may bring from tbe whole west coast of Centra ! and South America . The west coast of America and the adjicent interior embrace tbe richest and best mines of Mtxico , New Granada , Central Amtrloa , Chili , and Peru . The bullion and specie
drawn from these countries , aud especially from those of Weitern Mexico and Peru , to an amouat . in value of many millions of dollars , are now annually diverted and carried by tbe Ebipa of Groat Britain to her owa ports , to be rtcoined or used to sustain her national bank , and thus contribute to increase her ability to command so much of tbe commerce of the world , If 0 branch mint be established at the great commercial point upon that coast , a vast amount of bullion end specie would flow thither to be recolned , and pass thence to New Orleans , New York , and other Atlantic cities , The amount of our constitutions ! currency would be greatly increased , while its circulation wooll be promoted . It Is well known to our merchants tracing to . China and the west coast of America , that gnat inconvenleace and loss are expsriencsd from the fact that our coins are not current at their par valu ^ in those countries .
The pawerj of Europe , far remaved from tbe west coast of America by the Atlantic ocura whioh intervenes , and by a tedious and dangerous navigation around tbe southern cape of the continent of America , can never suasesifuliy compete with the United States ia the rich and extensive commerce which is opened te us at so much less cost by the acquisition of California . The establishment of regular Governments in the new territories is urgently raoommended . The message then proceeds to deal with the question of
8 UVEBT IN TBE NEW TEBBITOBIES , The question is believed to bo rather abstract than practical , whether slavery ever can or wouM exist in any portion ofthe acquired territory , even if it rrcre le f to the option of the slave . holtjlng States themselves . From the nature of tbe climate and productions , In mnoh tbe larger portion of it , it is certain it oould never exist ; and in tho remainder , the probabilities are it would not . But hotrerer this may be , the question , Involving , as it does , a principle of equality of rights of the separate and several States , as equal co-partners in the confederacy , should not be disregarded .
If Congress shall abstain from interfering with tie question the people of these territories will be left free to adjust it as they may think proper when they apply for admission as S'ates into the Union , No enactment of Congress could restrain the people ef any of the , sovereign States of tbe Union , old er now , north or south , slaveholdlog or nonslaveboldlng , from determining the character of their own domestic Institutions as they may deem wise ond proper . Any and all the States possess this right , aud Congress cannot deprive them of it .
If Congress shall now reverse the decision by whka the Missouri compromise was tffdeted , and shall propose to extend tbe restriction over the whole territory South as well as Nonh of tbe parallel of tairty-six degrees thirty minutes , It will cease to be a compromise , and mutt be regarded as an original question , ^ Con gress is earnestly invoked , for tke sake of the Union , its harmony , and eur continued prosperity as a nation , te adjust at its present session this , tho only question which Hss in our path ; The Message then speaks
of—INDIAN E 1 STUEBAKCES IN OHEGON . Tbe Immediate and only cause of the existing hostility of the Indians 0 / Oregon Is represented to have been the long delay of the United States In making to them some trifling compensation , in such articles as they wanted , for the country now occupied by eur emigrants , whieh the Itftlans claimed , and over which they formerly roamed . This compensation had been pro . mlsed to them by tbe temporary government established in Oregon , but its fulfilment has been postponed from
time to time , for nearly two years . The Indians became at length distrustful of their good faith , and sought redress and plunder and massacre , which finally led to the present difficulties . In this Indian war our fellow citizens of Oregon , being compalled to take tbe fijld ia their own defence , have performed valuable military services , and been subjected to expenses which have fallen heavily upon them . Justice demands that provision should be made by Congress to compensate them for their services , and refund to them tbe necessary xpentes which they have lacurrad .
I repeat the recommendation heretofore made to Cangress that provision be made for the appointment of a suitable number ef Indian agents te reside among the tribes of Oregon , and that a small turn be appropriated to eaable these agents to cultivate friendly relations with them . If this be done , the presence of a small military forco will ba all that is necessary to keep them In check , and preserve peace . The Treasury report ia very satisfactory . The total Imports were 151 , 977 , 876 dollars ; the exports , 164 , 632 , 131 dollars . The Treasury receipts were 85 , 757 , 070 dollars ; the expenditure , 42 , 811 , 970 dollars . It is calculated that the receipts of the year ending in June 1849 will be 57 , 048 , 969 dollars , and the expenses 54 , 195 , 275 dollars , leaving s balance of nearly 3 , 008 , 000 dollars after paying the Mexican contribution .
The tariff has been successful beyond even the hope of Its friends . The revenue , for the twenty-two months it has been la optratiou , was 5 G , 6 C 4 , 563 dollars ; a larger sum than was ever received in tho like time before though commerce receives the benefit of greatly redr ^ duties . The public debt has been reduced to 00 , 773 / . ' 50 dol Iars . ' It Is our true policy , and in harmony with th genius of our institutions , that we should present to th world the n r ) spectacle ot & gw t republic poisestlni
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vast resources and wonltb , wholly exempt from public indebtedness . ' The Post Office revonuos constantly increase : the mileage of its duty has increased fifteen per cent ,, yet its expenses have been reduced mora than fifteen per oent . If tho same favourable advance continue , postages may bo redaped to a uniform charge of fire cents , and yet pay tho ' chargss of tke establishment . ^ The state of tbe naval and military forces , —twatiea with the Indians , and other subject * , follow the above . The Message then reviews the present
condition of the country , which is said to be ' similar in some respects to that whioh existed immediately after the close of the war with Great Britain in 1815 / This leads to a retrospective review of the measures of public policy whioh followed that war . This review , whioh embraces the subjects of 'banking , ' ' debt , '' a protective tariff , ' « internal improvements , ' * the veto , 'dec , & o ,, is of immense length . Many passages are of great interest , and for suoh we shall try to find room in our next number . For the present we must brine this abstract to a
CONCLUSION , During the period I have administered the executive department of tbe government , great and important questions of public policy , foreign snd domestic , have arisen upon whioh It was my duty to aet . It may indeed be truly said that my administration has fallen npon eventful times . I have felt most sensibly , the weight of the high responsibilities devolved upon me . With no other object tbaa the public good , the endurlag fame , and permanent prosperity of my country , I fears pursued the osnvlctions of my own best judgment . Tbe impartial arbitrament of public opinion , present and future , will determine hew far tha public policy I have mainwined , and the measures I have from time to time recommended , may have tended to advance or retard tbe public prosperity at homo , and to elevate or depress the estimate of our national character abroad . -
Invoking the blessings of tho Almighty upon yonr deliberations at your present important session , my ardent hopa is , that in a spirit of harmony and concord , you may be guided to wise results , and such as may redound to tbe happiness , tho honour , and the glory oi our beloved country . Jahss K . Pole , Washington , December 5 tb , 1848 .
The Assassinations In Norfolk. Wt&Ionoha...
THE ASSASSINATIONS IN NORFOLK . Wt & ionoham , Dbc . 22 od . ——A' writ of habeas corpus having been obtained , the prisoner Rush was on Thursday taken in custody from Norwich Castle to StanfieH Hall , that he might bo present during the examination before the magistrates of the wounded servant girl , Eliza Chestney . Eliza Chestney , being sworn , said : I am 26 years of age . I have a clear recollection of all the circumstances of the night of the 2 § th oi Nov . About eight o ' clock in the evening I waa sitting with the cook in the servant ' hall , when I heard the report of a % \ xa , which I supposed to have been caused by one of thb servants . In a few seconds afterwards I heard another report of a gun . I got up and went down the passage towards
the hall and butler ' s pantry , intending to ask tho butler what was tbe matter . Before I could do so I met Mrs Jermy , looking dreadfully wild . She said , ' Watson ( butler ) , Watson , Eliza , go to Mr Jermy . ' I said , ' For God ' s sake what is the matter ? ' She continued saying' 60 to Mr Jermy . ' I then threw my arm round her waist and with the other took her hand . I said , ' My dear mistress what ia the rratter . ' I returned along the passage with her . and I observed , ' For God ' s sake , dont go . ' She never spoke , but looked at me wildly . When we got down to the door of the staircase hall , I saw my master , Mr Isaac Jermy Jermy lying on his back on the floor , and then saw a man coming from the dining room . When I first saw bim be appeared to be abont a yard out of the dining room door . I oould
distinctly see the head and shoulders , but not the face or features . The light hunt ; at his btck . He appeared to have upon his right shoulder a short gun or pistol I distinctly saw him level it , and instantly after I was shot , and in a second afterwards another shot was fired . I saw distinctly my mistress ' s arm wounded . I then fell to the ground , having been shot in tho thigh . My mistress left roe and ran along tbe passage up stairs . I twisted round several times before I fell . I then gave two or three violent shrieks , and said , 'I am going to die . ' I callad out , ' Will no one come near me ? ' Miss Isabella Jermy passed me , and she must have gone by the man at the doorway in the hall . James Watson
then came out of his pantry . He said , ' Lord have mercy upon us , what is the matter ? ' I said , ' Watson , I am shot . ' He said , ' Can't you move ? ' I said , ' No , don't touch me . ' I remembered no more until I heard some one shout three times , ' Where are you shot ? ' This was at the bottom of the staircase . I spread my hand over my wound . Some one then said , ' Poor thing , poor thing , did vou see hira ? ' I said , ' Yes , It was Rush . ' . I mean that man ( pointing to the prisoner ) . The man I saw in tho hall had neither hat nor cap on , nor had he anything that disguised tbe shape of the head . The form of the head was flat on the top and bushy , apparently set out round the head . He bad wide shoulders . It seemed to be hair round the head . It
waa haw and I saw it distinctly . I should think he was about three or four yards from me when be levelled the gun at me , but I cannot speak positively . Directly I fell . I am quite sure I heard some person pass me besides Miss Jermy . It was my conviction at the time , and is bo still , that the person I saw in the hall who shot at me is the prisoner Rush . I had seen him several times before that night . His dress appeared to be dark , but speak more particularly to tbe head and shoulders . I was shown a wig by Mr Henry Hubbersty , a super intecdent of police , some day last week . Hubbersty put it on , and it brought clearly and distinctly to my mind the form of the head of the man who shot me . I should like to see it put on the prisoner .
The wig , it will be remembered , was discovered lying at the top of a box in a closet in the prisoner ' s bedroom at Potash-farm . It has a profusion of long curled black hair , and attached to it is a wide band of bushy hair , which almost covers the lower part of the face . Rush was here attired in the wig , whioh considerably concealed his features , aud the cloak , Eliza Chestney Io ? ked at the prisoner and his disguise attentively , and then said—My impression is , that the man now before me resembles both in height and Mze , and form of tho he & d , the man who shot me . If the room was darkened , and a candle put behind the prisoner , I might probably be able to speak more positively , but I am satisfied as it ia . The prisener Rush then proceeded to cross-examine the Unfortunate woman : —I observed nothing else about the head but what I have stated . I could see the whole of his head and shoulders . I was standing by the side of the staircase-hall . He did not give ce time to observe more than his head and
shoulders , and the light being at his back I could not notice him so particularly . I had not time to examine carefully whether you had a cloak on . My master was lying in the staircase-ball on the mat by the door . I cannot say whether there was a light in the hall ; there was one in the dining-room . I do not know how the dining-room was lighted up , but it was a ? usua ' : I cannot say positively whether I beard of any guns being taken from Potash Farm , but I think I heard of one . I do not recollect hearing if it was a long gun or a short gun . I have said all along that the man I saw in the hall had neither hat nor cap on . If I had had time , of course , I could have distinguishod the drrss the man had on , but , perhaps , not tbe features . I told Mr Wilson ( the magistrate ) who took my first deposition , that the man had neither hat nor cap on . You were in the room when I said so . I was not then asked to describe the man ' s head . I did not observe the whiskers , but the form of the head . I feel sure that the mas I saw in the hall passed me , but I did net see bim .
Re-examined by the magistrates . —When I was examined by Mr Wilson , on the evening oi the 29 th of Nuvembor , I waa in great agony . I never lost my sar . Boa after I was brought up staire . I feel quite sura that I never said tbe man had either hat or cap on . I am frea from pain now . I was brought up stairs about two hours after I was shot . At the close of tbis examination Rush was removed , atrongly guarded , to a fly , and waa quickly conveyed to his old quarters at Norwich Castle ; Mrs Jermy and her maid , Eliza Chestney , are pronounced by their medisal attendants to be going on favourably .
Frbk Tbadb.—The Progress Of Free Trade P...
Frbk Tbadb . —The progress of Free Trade principles , and the carrying out of measures connected therewith , are , £ 8 prognosticated , beginning to tell fearfully upon tho trade and property of Lincoln . The price whioh farmers are now obtaining lor their corn is so low that they are compelled to exercise the most rigid economy , and , as a consequence , the tradesmen are not taking as muoh weekly as will meet their expenses , Mechanics and labour are deprived oi work , and there erenow no toss than 280 inmates of the workhouse , whereas about seven years ago there were only 130 . Daring the week before last , in Lincoln there have been two or three very serious failures , and the utmost atom art want of confidence universally preyaik How different the re alities of Free Trade from the olysium 1 of h &> n ; nMqandnlenty promised by Cebfisa and Brighiaf
the Corn Laws were repealed 1 Sihguiar OccuRBBKCB .-On Monday morning as the mail train upon the Newcastle and Berwick Railway was proceeding north , and when near to Cramlington station , a party of horned owls , being disturbed in their roost by the noise , made a furious attack upon the engine and those in charge of it . The fireman , William Gilbert , while seated in a comfortable position in the Eying locomotive , was furiously assailed , ; and { before ibe . could discover the character of his foe was seriously pecked intheffioe , and had eneof hia teeth forced out of its place . Such an assault at such a place and during the dark was rather alarming , especially ( joneidering the extraordinary visage of his assailants , when seen only by the glare of ftfiw . One ofthe birds was captured , and a sturdy fellow he is . ine engine-driver , Edward Collins , is preserving him ? s acwiosity .
To The . People Of E$Gukp . . Letibr Ix....
TO THE . PEOPLE OF E $ GUKP . . Letibr IX . Fellow Coustrymbic . —It is my daly , with such ability as I possess , now to trace tho working of Mr William Baud ' d third and lastremedyfor out present national misfortunes ; to discover , if I can , that thereby such an improved demand for our manufactures will be obtained as will brirg all the people into employment , and thus secure a demand , at remunerating prices , for a vastly increased production in agriculture .
Mr William Rand has sot left us to conjecture what our national diseases are . They consist , he tells ns , in ' that constant stream of immigration , from the rural parts of the country into the large towns and villages of the manufacturing districts . ' ' The numben employed in agriculture being considerably fewer than tbey were in 1811 , notwithstanding the lar ^ e increase in the general prpula . tion of the country . ' ' The productions of agriculture being far less than the home demand requires . ' ' while the productions of manufacture have , . fer years , exceeded the demand / The melancholy , but natural , results of such entire neglect in regulating our national production ? , boss ) to meet the wants of the people , and thus secure % demand , are declared to be ' the most depressed con * dition of trade —? xtensive and alarminK social evils —the very safety of society , in the manufacturing districts , being put in jeopardy—tbe workhouses
being filled with tbe destitute , and the gao ' s with the disaffected—thousands being out of work—bun * dreds upon hundreds in this locality alone ( Brad , ford ) , and in many other localities also , bavins ; sold er pledged their little furniture , and their dwellings being a spectacle of misery not to be described—an almost entire absence of profits—the middle classes , the shopkeepers , and other tradesmen being a ' raost eaten up with poor rates and other burdens ! ' ' Go , ' says Mr William Rand , 'into almost all tha various branches ol manufacturing industry , and yoa will hardly find any one able to get prime cost for anything , so completely is everything sacrificed to ' cheapness . ' ' In fact' ( these are the words of the seconder of Mr Cobden ' s nomination . ' )— ' In faot England has set up a god called ' Cheapness , ' and everything in the shape of industry is to be sacrificed to it . ' May those words be inscribed in tbe most prominent part of ths temple of that' god '—the Free Trade Ball in Manchester !
Mr W . Rand proceeds : - ' Consumers , it seems , must bay cheap , no matter by what means that cheapness is attained . It is considered by the political economist an unmixed good , but it is a great and serious delusion . Real prosperity consists in all being employed , and selling the products of industry for more than they cost . ' These latter admissions , from one who occupies a a seat so near the presidential chair in tbe Anti-Corn Law League , are really wortli a Jewess ' eye . Mr William Rand has fairly described the national malady—he has not disguised the cause , v z , the great disproportion in the produce of our different branches of industry , as compared with our wants , lie has a clear conception of what constitutes a healthy state of society , i . e , ' All being employed , and selling the products of industry for more than they cost . ' Mr William Rand is one of those , also .
who believe that it ia the duty of the Legislature to make suoh regulations as will effect our national regeneration , for he will not allow it , to be said , ' that causes whioh put society in peril are beyond the reach of legislation . ' The question is , has Mr William Rand proposed the proper remedies ? Hitherto I hare failed to discover the necessary ingredient—increase , in his prescriptions . I will return to their examination . Will ' Free selling as well as free buying , or Free Trade , fully and fairly carried out , ' remove the ' cheapness' to which Mr William Rand objeota ? Will it give employment to all ? Will it find a demand for all their productions in agriculture as well as in manufacture , at prices higher than they csst , allowing a fair and just remuneration , in wages , to the labDiirers and artisans employed therein . If so . All hail ! Free Trade . That question I will now strive to solve .
Necessarily , the first operation , under this proposed arrangement , will be , the abolition of every custom house , preventive station , and excise-office —the abandonment of every duty on imports , exports , excise , licenses , and such stamps as are now required in buying and selling lsnd , buildings , shares , and other property . The immediate discharge of every person now employed in connexion with those duties will follow as a natural consequence . Whether for good or for evil , this is a giant ' a
stride . Suoh immense changes mu ^ t involve great questions , and unsettle the relative positions of great national interest ? . Tbe Chancellor of the Exchequer and the fnndholders will , undoubtedly , feel somewhat nnoomfortable when these measures are enforced . Those parties I , at present , leave to meet Mr Wm . Rand's proposal as best they pan . My present care is , to watch the operation of this remedy on a class ef national creditors , whose just claims can never be rejected without danger to ths State—I siean the labourers .
In the changes just named , I discover no increase . Granted , there is an annual diversion of a very large capital into a new course . Its employment in future is not defined . A capital equal in amount will be required from some other source , or Me William Rand would have shown that a smaller revenue would suffice to meet the requirements of government . The derangements caused by these changes will ba very great ; still they are not shown to add one farthing to the national capital . They will not give employment to one additional labourer , but they will add immensely to the numbers ]
of those who already throng our workhouses , or as vagrant ? , crowd our lanes and streets—they will add to tbe ' cheapness' of whioh Mr Rind coinplains , increasing the number of victims to that ' god ! ' It is neither my duty nor my wish to describe the Bufferings that must result from these great changes ; at present I discover no counterbalancing good . I have said that the labourer * are national cre > ditors . I-would , before 1 proceed in this examination , that their claim should be clearly understood and fully recognised .
The labourers h & ye a claim tbat no Act of Parliament can invalidate . Their labour ia their property , guaranteed by right Divine : To preserve that property inviolate is tbe fir tS principle of society , the first duty of government , which , neg ' ected , leaves all other property insecure ! Nay , on the inviolability of that principle , the right to all ether property rests . Fellow countrymen , I do noS say that tho government should establish workshops where every man may demand emnioyraent , but I assert that every government is bound to cause such national arrangements to be made aa will euablo every person to find employment , with a just remuneration for hisiatonr .
The British Constitution is based upon that principle . Hence the reverence for the law which bo signally distinguishes our raoa ! And mark , in proportion to our rejection of that principle it is ebservable that the veneration for the law diminishes . It ia also to be noticed tkat the increase of the poverty , distress , and crime of the people is proportionate to our disregard of that wise and safe principle in our legislation . ... „ When such a cautious and prudent man as Mr Wm . Rand is driven to the expedient of proposing despsrate measures , it is needful , at all hszard . * , that we should tightly understand the basis on which all property rests . It is nocossary that we , who boast so loudly of keeping tho national faith , ' should know that the national faith is broken when the labourer * cannot realise the value of their property , i a ., theis labour .
The time ssems to be drawing near when it must be determined who are the national creditors ? Fellow countrymen , I would inculcate this truth , cheapnes 3 is not security . I would endeavour ( 0 convince the fundholdera , and all persons of fixed incomes , that , although for tbe moment thfy seem to gain bv cheapness , that very cheapness , being ob . tained by breaking faith with , the labourers , renders their title insecure . For , wh &* said the late Sir John Beckett , Bart ., when addressing the elostoia and non-electors of Leeds : These were hia words—may
his voice from the tomb be regarded by yoa !—by it ! may you be aroused to the conviction of the great i necessity of having every aaeaBura founfied on juatica i —Justice to the labourer , aa well as to tho fund- - holder ! : 'Peace at home , ' said Sir John , ' means a contentment at home u and unless we can establish i suoh a system of things as will affosd men a fairer r remuneration for thoir labour , and enable them 1 to saaintain themselTes and fasailtea in comfort , * thera can be no peace at home —there never will bo a pesee at aome-thavs never osgbt to be peace at X heme ! '
Fellow countrymen , remember that , without it ' peace at homa" filvidends cannot be secure . So true ie are the words ox his Royal Highness Prince Albert : i : 4 Depend upon it , tho interests of those classes 31 which are so often contrasted are the same' _ In my next , I hope to conclude my examination > n of Mr iVrn , Rand ' s third and last remedy . I am , Fellow Countrymen , The Friend of the Fundholdera and of the Labourers , RlCHAKB OaVTLKH . Fulhao , Middlesex .
According To Official Returns , The Expo...
According to official returns , the exports andim-mports of the Zollverein , in 1847 in various artides . „ were as follows t—Rw cotton , irgported , 445 . 8491191 owt . ; exported , 1 U . 545 owt . ; transit , 64 , 288 cwt ^; sulphur , imported , 139 , 199 cwt . ; exported , B . lwTSi ewt ; raw iron , imported , 2 , 840 , 247 owt . ; exported ^ . 26 859 owt . ; cast and other iron , rails , & c , imported ! , ! 1 , 106 , 158 owt . ; exported , 42 , 852 owt . ; transit ^ ,, 43 586 owt . The population of the Zrilverein , in ioi 1847 , amounted to 29 , 461 , 712 weld .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 30, 1848, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_30121848/page/7/
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