Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 31st October 1846, Edition 2 of 3, Page 5, WEEKLY REVIEW. The news from Ireland, th...

Page 5
Page 5
5 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (6)
    • Cmmuai antr fovtimi &tlmto
    • Maryleboxe Vestrt.—On Saturday last, October
    • THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND COMPANY.
    • Tub First Fog.—The first foe of the season made
    • Aristocratic Usurpation.—What, indeed, are
    • IRELAND:
  • Text (16)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      October 3l 1846. The Northern Star! ;* 5

      October 3 L 1846 . THE NORTHERN STAR ! ;* 5

      Weekly Review. The News From Ireland, Th...

      WEEKLY REVIEW . The news from Ireland , though still of a &<*>™ J aescripUOu , ffoOTO Signs of amelioration . The public wTaarebeing gradually Drought into operation , tad the practice of task work , which is adopted m various j 1-c * . enables tbe people to make , Jugher TOges than they would otherwise do , and thus in some measure to meet the increased demand on then , made by thehigh prieeof provisions . But , afterall , What has vetbeen done in the casa is mere surface work , and * will only stave off the evil of the moment . TVemust ere long grapple . with the whole subject manmllj , and introduce measures which will secure permanent and general prosperity to onr brethren across the Irish channel .

      The m ost prominent feature in the home news is the agitation for the opening ofthe ports , which has m anifested itself in several towns . The relief to be gai ned by such a measure would be exceedingly ^ ig hr , if any . The only parties who would gain by it , believe , would be the corn speculators , who would pocket the difference of the duty . It is a remnant of the Leatrue humbug , and it is somewhat fortunate for that party , which promised so many blessurcs as the result of Corn Law Repeal , that the retention for a year or two of a small doty , gives them a kind of excuse for the non fulfilment of their predictions . It , however , only delays for a short time , the complete destruction of all faith in

      the nostrums , of which a large portion ofthe people were a short time ago so much enaraoured . The Cobden fund , we see , progresses but slowly . The tide has turned , and people begin to look calmly at the actual resultsof that " great victory , " which , at { he moment it was won , so intoxicated them that they could not think rationally on the subject . There areranrmrs of serious divisions in the cabinet and other questions , and it is said that these on this

      i ffcrences will eventuate cither in an early meeting of Parliament , or a dissolntion . We believe the general feeling in the country is , that Russeix is merely a sort of warming-pan for Peel , who must in the coarse ef things again tak <> the administration into his hands . His return to power , emancipated from all party ties , and backed by the whole people , would Open a new era of practical legislation , such as can never be looked for from the slaves of faction .

      The event of most importance during this generally barren week is , the purchase of another estate for the people by Mr . O'Connor . It is evident that his exertions and writings have attracted the attention ofthe leading parties in the state , the articles which appear in the principal journa ' s on the land question , indicate that clearly , for these papers never write before they know they will not give offence . They are vanes which show which way the wind blowsthe followers , not creators of public opinion . The additional estate now purchased will give an immense impetus to the question . Mr . O'Connor is

      practica'lv preparing a solution of the difficulties which beset Ireland , and also of the question how to deal with poverty at home . The creation of an independent small proprietary , out of the starving vassals ofthe wages system , will be not only a novelty in practice , but a lesson in societarian science , which even the most bigotted oppenent of Chartism must confess to be a useful one . By means of these small farms , social independence and political enfranchisement will be united , and the spectacle of a free . in . dustrioDs , and happy popnlation living on their own goil , will put to flight the dreams of political economists , and once again put Max above Maumok .

      Cmmuai Antr Fovtimi &Tlmto

      Cmmuai antr fovtimi & tlmto

      The Intelligence Brought By The Indian M...

      The intelligence brought by the Indian mail this week , is hardly so warlike as the previous news from the banks of the Sutlej . Still , no doubt is entertained that the moment the British withdraw from Lahore , anarchy will recommence in that devoted city . No secret is made about the fate in store for Lai Singh , the prime minister and paramour of the Ranee ; no one doubts that his throat will be cnt , the moment his British protectors have taken their departure . The Ranee , we should state , is the Christina of the Punjab , when we have i

      said that we have ? aw quite ? uffieient to explain her character . Of course , the return of anarchy will bring the return of the British . There will be more fighting , more " glory , " more slaughter , and unless this time the British are beaten-a net -very likely contingency—the drama will wind up with the wholesale " annexation" of the country ofthe five rivers . We are told there is no help for this , that the safety of " our Indian empire" demands this consummation * and perhaps it is so—states like thrones

      " Got by blood , must be by blood mamt-aned . " In the recent contest , the Sikhs may have been the aggressors , and may hereafter , by their own acts , prevoke deeds of blood ; but it must be borne in mind that the British , after all are the great offenders , the hatred of the Sikhs is bnt the natural consequence of that career of conquest and spoliation , which from the days of dive to those of Na-, pier has been steadily pursued by the " Christian " " civiiisiD " " adventurers from this island .

      Asa Specimen Ofthe Liberal Usages In Ope...

      Asa specimen ofthe liberal usages in operation in " onr Indian Empire . " we must notice the tyrannical suppression of a newspaper called the Maidmtin Chronicle . It appears that the editor of the Chronicle had given great offence to some of the Jacks-inoSce , by exposing their public rascalities in revenge for which advantage was taken of some rule affecting the press , which the Editor of the Chronicle had not abided by , to summon the offending parry to trial ; the Judge ( " Commissioner" ) being one of tie parties who had smarted under the lash of the editor . On his trial (?) the editor respectfully solicited forbearance , and met with it in a fine of 300 rupees for contempt of Court in making use ofthe expression . Me

      proceeded , protested against the illegalityjof the Commisioner ' s being the judge in his own case , and was fined 200 rupees more for his protest , which was also termed contempt of Court . And lastly , the Commissioner ended the proceedings by subjecting the editor to two years' imprisonment in the common gaol , and to pay a fine of 3 , 000 rupees in eight days , orthe Press sold to the highest bidder . This infamous act of tyranny rivals anything of which Russian , German , or Spanish tyrant could be guilty . We wonder if this outrage has been sanctioned by Lord Hardinge ; if so , the-victory over the poor editor will procure for "hisLordship" laurels of another sort than those won on the banks of the Sutlej . Surely the home authorities will not countenance this enormous

      -wrong . We have to deplore a fearful calamity which has befallen our French neighbours . A full account of the dreadful flv-ods , which have within the last ten days swept like a deluge over the central departments of France , will be found in our seventh page . It was ascertained on Tuesday in Paris , that the waters of the Loire , the Soane , and the Rhone were lowering . On the other hand , the Var had overflowed with extraordinary violence and done great damage . To the scourge of inunda tion is added scarcity and disease . The rural popnlation in several of the departments are reduced to the most appalling state of distress by the high price of food . In Auvergne , Berri , the Orleannois

      , La Brie and other parts of the country , the sufferings of the poorer classes are represented to be extreme . In the Upper Loire , the measure of grain which used to be sold for 2 s . British , has now risen to 4 s . 6 d . The potatoes are totally destroyed by the Wight ; and the distress of the people is in no respect less severe than that which is reported to prevail in Ireland . Among other indications of distress or of distrust among tlie population of Paris , m ttst he mentioned the returns ofthe operations of the savings-banks of that capital for the week end nig on Monday . From these it appears that the de-Posits in those banks on the 25 th and 26 th fust , amounted to C 08 , 526 f ., and the withdrawals to SS , 523 f .

      Asa Specimen Ofthe Liberal Usages In Ope...

      Thb New Revolution ik Portugal is advancing . The reported arrest of the Duke de Terceira is confirmed , together with the rising of all the north of Portugal against the counter-revolutionists . Up to the 14 th all communication between Lisbon and Oporto had been cut off for some days . It was reported that the Marquis de Louie , who married the Infanta Donna Anna , has placed himself at the head ofthe junta at Coimbia , from whence four battalions were to march in conjunction with the forces in the province of Aveiro , in a movement on the capital . Coimbra and Braga have followed the

      example of Oporto , in declaring Don Pedro V ., and excluding the present Queen from the throne . A remarkable fact in connection with the late counterrevolution deserves to be recorded . Under the Palmella ministry , the government being without money , the payments due to the troops were in arrear ; not a shilling could the government get from the Lisbon capitalists for that or for any other purpose , and consequently the troops were ripe for mutiny . On the day ofthe counter-revolution the soldiers received double pay . ' Where did the money come from ? Can any one doubt that the financial conspirators were the paymasters ? Madrid papers

      ofthe 20 th state that the Queen of Portugal had applied to Spain lor assistance , and that at the recommendation of the French Ambassador , an armed intervention in the affairs of Portugal had been determined on . It is said , that the command of the invading troops will be given to the bloody Nanraez . Will the British government permit this ? We confess we have our fears that the present Whig government is secretly a party to the present infamous acts ofthe Portuguese Queen . If this was not the case would the British government allow , under any pretext , the absence of its representative at the Court of Lisbon , at the present moment ? yet we read the following in the Times correspondence : —

      "Lord Howard de"Walden isabout to leave Lisbon for England , with Lady Howard and the entire family . His Lordship has obtained a long leave of absence , and it is understand that he will . visit his estates in Jamaica , and probably not return to Lisbon , as his full period of service will have been completed in less than two years , which will entitle him to a retiring pension . " " His Lordship" is to go " holiday-making for two years , at the end of which time he is to be saddled on the country as one ofthe " retired" nuisances at the cost to the nation of some

      thousands a year . What a glaring instance is this of th-:- humbug of our system of ambassadorships ; what a proof that , not to guard the interests of the country , not to defend the country ' s honour , but merely to supply a place for a ravenous aristocratic plunderer , this Lisbon ambassadorship is instituted . If at a time like the present we have no use for an ambassador at Lisbon , why sho ild wc have an am . bassador there at all ? Will Mr . Duncombe ask that question of Lord John Russell when Parliament reassembles ?

      Accounts From Switzerland are , on the whole , satisfactory . The elections in the canton ef Geneva have passed off without the slightest disturbance . The result has been , that out of ninety-three Members of which the Grand Council is composed , sixty are firm supporters of the present Liberal Government ; tbe remainder , consisting of a mixed opposition , among which not al ve half-a-dozen will favour the ultra-montane leagu The reported insurrection in Basle is contradicted : it appears that the victory of the liberals has been a bloodless one . The

      liberals mastered in such force that the government resigned their functions to their liberal opponents voluntarily , and the change , which leaves the liberals in undisputed possession of power , was accomplished without the peace being disturbed . The Jesuit party in the canton of Valais , who , although they possess the government , and command the armed force ofthe canton , are yet in a minority as compared with the liberal party , are getting alarmed for their supremacy , and are adopting their old tactics of endeavouring to rouse the isnorant and

      fanatical peasantry to massacre their opponents , and are , as they did two years since , inciting and practising secret assassination . The ( London ) Morning Post b clamouring for Foreign intei-vention in the affairs of Switzerland , and is urging on the British government to join in a crusade against the " infidels" and "democrats" of Switzerland . We hope the British government has more wisdom than to be guilty of so suicidal an act . There are democrats nearer home than Switzerland , which the wooden-headed Post will find some difficulty in " putting down " Besides , the British government has not yet paid the cost of trying to " put down" the French Democrats ; best let the Swiss alone .

      The Pope is triumphantly marching in the path of progress . Recently on his return from visiting Tivoli ( in cue neighbourhood of Rome ) he was escorted to his palace by sixty thousand persons . From Turkey wc have received a copy of the Hatti Sherif , appointing Rescind Pacha Grand Vizier . The appointment is considered as indicative of further and beneficial changes . The war operations ofthe United States against

      Mexico , are reported to have been totally changed . Instructions , it is said , have been forwarded to General T * ylor to make the war one of invasion , and not occu ttion , as heretofore . Elsewhere will be found th-. account of the taking of Santa Fe by Colonel Kearney . There are some matters connected with these " victories" of the "star spangled banner , " which call for comment , bat at present we have no room .

      We irec the attention of onr readers to an interestin lett- in our first page , giving some account ofthe Small Farm System on the continent . Our correspondent is a gentleman in whose intelligence and veracity the utmost confidence may be placed ; but can it be , that " the policy of the English government is directed by the traitor of the Barricades , and that Louis Philippe has more than one English statesman in his pay " ?

      Maryleboxe Vestrt.—On Saturday Last, October

      Maryleboxe Vestrt . —On Saturday last , October

      The24tb, The Secretary Ot The Anti Enclo...

      the 24 tb , the secretary ot the Anti enclosure A-sociation attended with a memorial signed byonehundred and t . voof the inhabitants ofthe parish , —calling on the vestry to take such steps , as might be necessary to restore to the parishioners the foot-walks and thoroughfares of Kilburn , Primrose-hill , & c , and also to take such steps as might be advisable to secure the gates of the intended Primrose-hill Park , remaining open night and day . The answer returned to the 102 memorialists was— "That it was not the business of the ve ^ ry . " When the next election of vestrymen takes place , the parishioners will do well to look to this .

      A GeneralMeetixg of the Members of the United Patriots Benefit Society , residing in Bristol , was held at the Angel Tavern . High-street , on Monday evening last , tor the purpose of hearing Mr . Ruffy , the General Secretary ofthe Institution , give an explanation as to the reasons for making the late amendments to the rules of the Institution . The members expressed themselves perfectly satisfied with the information given by Mr . Ruffy , their Secretary pressed a vote of thanks for his attendance , also a vote of confidence in Mr . R . A similar meeting was held at Bath on Tuesday evening , when the members passed a vote of thanks to , and confidence In Mr . Ruffy .

      Stafford Shoemakers —A large number of the members ol the Mutual Assistance Association of Boot and Shoemakers , assembled at their club-house , the Union Inn , Eastgate-street , on Monday last , to celebrate the anniversary of St . CrLpin ; when , after enjoying an excellent supper , which was served up in first rate style , by Mrs . and Mr . Silvester , the worthy hostand hostess . Mr . Richard Weston was called to the chair , and song , glee , and duett , kept the company in high spirits until a late hour , when they separated well p lea-ed with the evenings amusement . Several of the master manufacturers subscribed very handsomely towards tarryout the festival .

      Abolition of Capital Punishment . — A public meeting , numerously and respectably attended , was held at the large room of the Royal British Institution , Cowper Street , Finsbiiry , last ( Friday ) evening . on the subject of the Abolition of Capital Punishment . Charles Gilpin , Esq ., took the chair . The meeting was very effectively addressed by Mr . Alderman Sidney , and Messrs . Miall and Rowton . Resolutions in favour of the obiect of the meeting were carried , with only three dissentients .

      The24tb, The Secretary Ot The Anti Enclo...

      BICE 1 PTS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND C 01 IPAKT . PER MR . O'CONKOR . SECTION No , 1 , ( BABES , £ I . d . Bury , per M . Ireland .. .. .. .. 2 13 2 Hindley 0 6 0 Norwich , per J . Hurry .. .. .. 200 Nottingham , per J . J ' -vset .. .. , . 0 11 0 Salford , per J . Milluigton .. „ ,, 500 Tavistock , per R . Hole .. .. .. 070 Leicester , per Z . Astill .. .. ' .. .. 1 17 4 Birmingham , per Vf . Thorn .. ., .. 1 18 0 Golne ( No . 1 ) , per R . Hay .. .. .. 0 9 0 Hyde , per 3 . Hough .. .. .. .. 0 11 0 Worcester , per M . Griffiths .. .. .. 0 18 0 Sunderland , per II . Haines .. .. .. 0 ^ 3 0 Bolton , per E . Hodgkinson .. .. .. o 4 0 Bradford , per * J Alderson « .. .. 500 Suttonin-Ashfield , per C . Mcaliin .. .. 0 8 6 Ashton-under-Lyne , per E . Hobsoa .. .. 130

      Iluddersfleld . perJ . Stead 2 0 IU Alva , per J . Robertson .. .. .. 106 £ 2 C _ 9 10

      SECTION No . 2 . SHABEB . Halstead , per Vf . Hurry .. .. .. 1 fi 0 Darvel , per W . Young 1 5 0 J llorrowash , per II . Boswortb .. ' .. .. O It ! o Bury , per M . Ireland .. .. .. .. 5 7 10 Hindley ° * « Elland . per J . Kinnersley .. .. - 110 0 Corbridge , per R . Hawley .. .. ,. 070 Lancaster , per J . Harrison .. .. # 6 18 *\ Oldham , per IV . Hamer J J 0 Nottingham , per J . Sweet .. •• „ ; l i Hawick , per J . Hogg J 1 " J Norwichper A . Bagshaw .. .. « * ° °

      , Gosport , per J . Douglas .. .. .. 7 . „ n Tavistock , per R . Hole * " " Birmingham , per W . Thorn .. •• " ' * Hyde , per J . Hough .. .. » . J . J S Worcester , per M . Griffiths Z . ,. Crieff , per J . M'Leod ? * " Sunderland , per II . Haines .. .. .. *» * jj Bolton , per E . Hodgkinson .. .. .. J" " C ? . *> Saw ] ,. n « sim Tk IIf »••(•¦ fmt () U \> Swiudon DMorrison

      , per . .. .. .. ; J JJ " Stockport , per T . Woodhousc .. .. - a Clayton West , per E Evans 0 H ° Darlington , per W . Carlton •• ... 0 18 J Torquay , per — Putt ., .. .. „ 3 2 10 Devizes , per J . Stowe .. .. „ 5 G 0 Sutton-in-Ashfield , per C . Meakin .. - .. O 2 9 Newton Ayr , per S . Irrin - .. » .. O 10 3 Ashtou-uuder-Lyne , per E . Hobson .. 3 fl 0 Wolverhampton , per J . Steward .. .. 132 Belfast , per A . M-Clement 2 0 0 Northampton , per W . Mundy .. ., 2 0

      £ 71 18 8 J PER GENERAL SECRETARY . SECTION No . 1 . SHABES . * S B . d . fi 8 , d . Halifax- - - 1 O 0 Whittington and James Smith - o 0 6 Cat - - - 0 18 10 Reading - - 0 2 8 Croydon ! - - 0 4 0 Camberwcll - - 0 12 0 Congleton - . 060 Collumptou - - 2 15 0 Merthyr Tydvil , York . . . 050 Jones - . . 2 0 fl Hanley - - - 1 3 6 Totness - - - 2 2 3 Staley Bridge - 2 10 0 Hull " - - - 0 6 6 Liuiehouse - - 0 4 0 Trowbridge - - 1 11 0 Westminster - 0 5 0 City of London - 0 15 4

      jeie _ is i SECTION No . 2 . John Dew - - 5 4 4 Birkenhead - . 5 18 3 Bridgewater- - 1 12 0 Strood , Rochester 11 O 0 Halifax - - - S 14 0 Mr . G . Brook - . 0 10 0 Westminster - ft 19 i Whittington and F . Caperou - - 0 1 G Cat - - - 1 12 6 William Richards 0 2 6 Mr . Harney - -020 Derby - - - 0 2 0 W . Cuin - - 0 A 0 FoleshUl - - O 10 0 Lower Wai-ley -25 * Reading - - 7 17 fi Ed ' nburgh - . 1 16 C Croydon - - 1 7 4 Camberwcll - - 0 10 0 Greenwich - - 8 10 0 O'Comiorvilie - 0 7 8 Hiehard Honey - 0 1 4 William Higgins - 0 1 4 S . Cullen - - 0 1 0 York - - - 1 15 0 Market Larington Bermondsey - -050 ( Love ) . - . 6 0 10 Marple ( Tell ' sBri-Sidney How - - 1 11 0 gade ) - - . 030 John Harris - - 0 2 0 Samuel Ward -020 Totnes - .- - 18 19 0 Hanley- - -240 Hull - - - 0 10 0 Staley Bridge - 2 10 0 Sleaford - . 10 1 Trowbridge -060 Southampton - 4 9 0 Limehouse -600 City of London - 1 7 0 Finsbury - - 1 C 2 j Maidstone - . 082

      £ 90 7 8 $ TOTAL 1 AKD FUNS . Mr . O'Connor , Section No . 1 ... 26 9 10 Mr . Wheeler „ „ ... 16 13 1 M 3 3 5 Mr . O'Conner , Section No , 2 ... 71 18 SJ Mr . Wheeler , „ 90 7 Si

      £ 162 6 5 RECEIPTS OF NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . PER GENEKALSECEETAB 1 , Hull - - - 0 11 0 Somers Town - 0 3 9 John Mills - - u 0 O Leicester , O'Con-Shineyltuw . 0 3 2 j nor Brigade -020 George Willis -003 veterans ' , widows ' , and orphan ' s funds . Maryleboue - - 0 3 4 E . C , City - -010 PURCHASE GF SHABES FOR VICTIMS . Reading - - . 030 BEGISTKATION fund , E . C , City - - O 2 6 The sum acknowledged last week in Section No . 1 , from Broinsgrove , should have been £ 2 . Thomas Mabtin Wheeles , Secretary .

      The Chartist Co-Operative Land Company.

      THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND COMPANY .

      The Balance Sheet made up to September 29 th , including the sums acknowledged in the Star of October 3 rd , is now audited and will be in the hands of the several sub-secretaries in the course of the folfowing week . Circulars containing the names of places included in the several districts , for the purpose of-nominating and electing a delegate to the Confenmse , will also be forwarded at the same time as the balance sheet . Any shareholder wishing for a copy ofthe balance sheet will be supplied with it on enclosing three postage stamps .

      The Directors hereby authorize the various subsecretaries to make a levy of Three pence upon each shareholder towards defraying the expenses of the ensuing Conference ; such levy must be remitted to the General Secretary previous to the sitting ofthe Conference . Parties neglecting to pay the levy previous to the Conference , the sub-secretaries will deduct the same from any payment made by the several defaulters . In consequence of the society being provisionally registered , it is necessary that the sub-secretaries furnish the General Secretary IMMEDIATELY

      with the names , address , and occupation , of all members belonging to their several localities together with the amount paid by each shareholder in each section from the commencement . This is absolutely necessary to be attended to WITHOUT DELAY , as in the event of non-compliance very heavy penalties , will be incuired by the parties neglecting so to do . Feargcs O'Connor . Pnu . il * M'Gratu . Christopher Dovlk . Thomas Clahk . Thomas Martin Wheeler , Secretary .

      The Uaktlu R'Uost. Sums Received Of Mr. ...

      THE UAKTlU r'UOST . Sums received of Mr . Georgo Rogers , Acting Treasurer , up till Thursday , Oct . 23 th , 1810 , previously acknowledged . . £ e . d . 270 17 1 pek Ma . 6 . J . Haenet . Eighth collection 2 13 * 273 10 5

      Tub First Fog.—The First Foe Of The Season Made

      Tub First Fog . —The first foe of the season made

      Its Premature Appearance On Wednesday—A ...

      its premature appearance on Wednesday—a few days before the month prescribed for such visitations , Novembers , it was unusually dense , and much inconvenience , with a few fatal casualties , were the consequence . The trains on nearly every railway arrived behind time , in consequence of the slow rate it was necessary to travel to prevent accidents . Most of the steam-boats on the river did net ply at all whilst the fog was at tlie thickest , and very little business could be done at the wharfs .

      The first railway to be constructed in Sweden ia to run from the iron mines of Gclliwara , In Lapland , to the port of Tonnefors , and will be thirty-two French leagues in length . These mines are the richest in Sweden , but the produce is of comparatively little value , from the difiicuhy which exists in carrying it to the sea . It is an English company which has undertaken the line in question , and the works are to commence in the course of next spring . A VERY R-EMAnKABUS CltlJIK and Tihal . —The Wellington Statue has now been on its trial for the last month . The verdict that has been parsed upon it by all judges of art , has been— " Guilty of Man ' s Laughter . !'—Punch .

      Thk 'fas Homis Bill . —At a meeting of tho delegates of the Short Time Committee of the West Riding , held at Brighouse on Monday , Mr J . Rawson in the chair , various resolutions were adopted lor a series of public meetings to be held in the mananufacuring districts , to permit another expression of public-opinion upon the Ten Hours question , and pledging the committee to an agitation of the question to secure a legislative regulation of the labour of females and ofthe younger portion of factory operatives . Among the resolutions was one inviting tlie " old king , " Richard Oastler , to take part in the agitation .

      Its Premature Appearance On Wednesday—A ...

      THE CHARTER AND NO SURRENDER

      MESSRS . M'GRATH AND CLARK'S TOUR . BATH . Public Meeting . —On Wednesday evening last , the arge room at the Porter Butt Inn , Welcot , formerly used as the Odd Fellow ' s Hall , was well attended in pursuance of notice to adopt the National Petition . At the time appointed for commencing business , Mr . Thomas Bolwell was unanimously chosen to preside ; who , after thanking the meeting for the honour which it had conferred upon him by electin » him So that office , proceeded to remark that he was now more than ever convinced ofthe necessity of the establishment of the Charter as law . seeing that every additional attempt to bolster up the old system ,

      proved injurious to the Working Classes . He had seen much political chancing durint ! his time , but had never witnessed one change , however boasted its liberality might be , that was intended to elevate those who had to toil , not for themselves alone , but also for others who were their enemies and oppressors . ( Hear . ) lhe object of the present meeting was to adopt a petition to Parliament praying for the enactment ofthe People ' s Charter ; and his hope was , that it the petition was not successful , that the presentation of it would have the effect of rousing the masses to a sense of their present degradation , and submitting to the rule of a contemptible fraction of their fellows . ( Cheers . ) He called upon Mr . Charles Bolwell to move the first resolution , which he did in a lengthy and argumentative speech , which was frequently applauded by the audience .

      lhe resolution was second by Mr . Franklin , and supported ^ Mr . P . M'Grath in one of his powerful and effective addresses , aud was cordially adopted by the meeting . Mr . Page moved the adoption of the petition , which was seconded by Mr . Wiraslow , and supported by Mr . T . Clark , and carried unanimously . The business of the evening concluded by voting thanks to Messrs . M'Grath , Clark , and the

      Chairman . We expect that tbe petition will be more numerously signed than any similar one that has ever been gut up in Bath . The two public meetings which have been held here for the Land and the Charter , have doaemuch good , and have removed much prejudice .

      BRADFORD , WILTS . For sometime past this place has been in a state of agitation owing to the appearance of immense sized posters , announcing that a public meeting would be held at the large room of the Swan Hotel , for the purpose of hearing the objects and means of tlie Chartist Co-operative Land Society explained by two of the Directors , Messrs . Clark and M'Grath , who were to attend for that purpose- On Thursday evening the meeting took place , and . as was anticipated , the room . was densley crowded .

      Mr . Neale , the proprietor of the Hotel , ( at his own request ) was elected to the office of president , and opened the proceedings by stating , that he was not well acquainted with the precise nature of the Society , whose objects and means they were assembled to consider , but he hoped that thev would prove satisfactory to all . He then proceeded to remark , that hia desire was thaOo offensive observations should be indulged in , as all parties were now upon friendly terms , owing to the late free trade triumph , which had been effected by peaceful and quiet agitation .

      Mr . M'liRATn on coming forward was warmly received , and proceeded to explain the objects ofthe society , which were to locate its members on the land of their birth , un ler such promising circumstances , that a comfortable and respectable livelihood would he the reward of moderate industry and care ; and also to enable them to possess themselves of those political rights , of which ruthless despotism had deprived them , lie entered upon a review of the tenure on which land is held in this country , and contended that the present race of aristocrats held the broad acres of England by virtue of the sword , and not in accordancce with any law of God or nature . He was of opinion that if ever the working classe were placed in possession of the land , It would be entirely through their own exertion , as no other

      class would assist them . ( Tbe chairman here rose , and stated , that he had strong objections to any allusions being mrde to classes , which he thought were not as culpable as Mr . M'Grath seemed to think them , and begged that he would not further allude to them . ) Mr . M'Grath stated , that from -respect to the chairman ' s prejudices , he would not remark further upon the enormities practiced by the upper classes towards the people ; but at the same time , he would state lhat he thought that t ; e Chairman was wrong and that he was right . ( Loud cries of—Go on . you are right . ) Mr . M'Grath then entered upon the history of the society , its prospects , objects and means , and concluded an able epeech , by inviting all present to . join with those who were struggling for the emancipation of labour . ( Loud cheers . )

      Several questions were put to Mr . M'Grath , all of which were answered satisfactorily , after which Mr . T . Clark was introduced to the meeting , and spoke at considerable length in elucidation i > f the land plan , and proved to all present that what was proposed to be done b y the Society , might be accomplished by co-operation and perseverance . lie strongly urged upon the meeting the necessity of turning their attention to the question of the land , as the only one that at present occupied the public mind . To persons who asked— " What had the Chartist agitation done ? " he pointed to the growing desire on the part of the intelligent portion of the working classes to possess themselvc ? of the land as the only sure foundation for permanent prosperity and happiness , and he for one did not despair of seeing the wishes ofthe most ardent and enthusiastic fully realised .

      The Chairman , after calling for discussion and no one appearing to urge any objections , made a few observations , the evident intention of which were to prejudice the minds of those present against the Society , but in which miserable attempt he signally failed , as a short time will show . In order to test the opinion of the meeting , the following resolution was proposed by Mr . Mansfield , seconded by Mr . Hart , and carried unanimously : — Resolved , that this meeting , fully bearing in mind that the majority of schemes hitherto projucted , ostensibly for the benefit of the working classes , having signally failed , and , judging from tha lucid explanation given this evening , of the National Co-operative Land Society , we hereby signify our confidence in its practicability , mid think it eminently calculated to pennananet ' y benefit the working classes .

      Tlie conduct of Jk ? r . Neale , the Chairman has excited universal disgust , and it is very generally supposed that he asked to be allowed to take the chair for the purpose of doing all the mischief in his power , but the adoption of the forgoing resolution will show how far he succeeded in influencing the minds of those present against the Society . Too much credit cannot be given to Messrs . Mansfield and'llart , who arc both young men . and who were at the expense of getting up tho meeting themselves . Mr . Mansfield is one of the two-acre farmers , who is shortly to take possession of his estate at O'Cnnnorville , and it is said that Mr , Hart is to accompany him . The wish here is that they may— " Go on and prosper '" Messrs . M'Grath and Clark have left as impression that will be remembered when Mr . Neale shall be forgottn .

      TROWBRIDGE . On Friday evening last , Ga . vston Hall was crammed almost to snifocation , to hear Messrs . T . Clark and V . M'Grath , two of the Directors of the Charlist Co-operative Land Society , explain the mode by which it is proposed to realise the benefits which that , body guarantees to its members . The chair was ably filled by an operative shoemaker . Mr . M'Grath was first introduced to the meeting , and after dwelling for some time on the right of the people to the land , he laid down , in a clear and

      concise manner , the principle upon which the ( Land Society is founded , and made it quite perceptible that union was the grand requisite with which the working classes were able to accomplish their political and social regeneration . Mr . Clark followed , and explained the details and manner of working out the objects of the society , and in the course of his remarks , strongly recommended temperance and sobriety as a great essential in securing the success of any great public undertaking . The addresses of both speakers were well received , and seemed to give general satisfaction .

      SECOND MEETING . ADOPTION OF THE NATIONAL PETITION . On Saturday evening , at seven o ' clock , a second meeting was held iu the same hall , for the purpose of adopting the national petition . A resolution , condemnatory of class legislation , was proposed by Mr . Mansfield , of Bradford , seconded by Mr . Eamks , ably supported by Mr . M'Gkath , and carried by acclamation . . Mr . Hart , of Bradford , proposed the National Petition , which was seconded by a working man in the body of the meeting , and supported by Mr . Clark in a speech remarkable for its withering sarcasms , directed with consioerablo effect against the institutions of tlie country , and elicited the frequent aud hearty applause of the meeting . The petition was unanimously adopted , and the meeting quietly separated .

      Messrs . Clark and M'Grath's route—Monday and Tuesday , Worcester ; Wednesday , Henley ; Thursday aud Friday , Liverpool .

      BRISTOL . On Tuesday evening a large and respectable meeting was hold at tho Mechanics' Institute , for the purpose of promoting tlie objects of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society . Mr . F . Simeon was called to the Chair , and opened th « business with a sensible and effective speech .

      Its Premature Appearance On Wednesday—A ...

      After which Messrs . P . M'Grath and T . Clark delivered lengthy and eloquent addresses , showing the value ofthe land and the efficiency and practicability of the Land Society . A second meeting will be held on Wednesday night , in the same place , for the adoption of the National Petition .

      ¦¦¦Fa* Renewed Agitation For The Charter...

      ¦¦¦ fa * RENEWED AGITATION FOR THE CHARTER IN SCOTLAND . MR , DOYLE'S MISSION . ( The following reports arc taken from the Edinburgh Express . ) Currie —Mr . C . Doyl « delivered a lecture in the large room of the inn at Currie , Ou Tuesday evening . His subject was " The Charter and the Land . " Mr . Doyle was met on his way by a deputation from the Chartists at Georgie Mills , and proceeded to the place of meeting accompanied by a band of music , and a large party from the villages on tho road . The room was filled . Mr . Richard Birkett , a very intelligent working man , was called to the chair , who opened the meeting with a concise speech . Mr . Doyle addressed the meeting for about two hours . Mr . A . M'Donald then moved the following resolution .

      That this meeting approves of the People ' s Charter , believing that it contains a sys * em just in representation , and harmonious in action ; and we are resolved to use all legal means in our power to make it the law of tlie land . Mr . Gumming supported the resolution , which was carried unanimously . —( Corresp . )

      GREAT MEETINGS IN EDINBURGH . On Monday evening , Mr . C . Doyle , from London , one ofthe members ofthe Executive Council ofthe National Charter Association , delivered a lecture in the New Ilall , Adam-square , in the presence of a « reat concourse of the working classes . Ilis subject was " The Charter and the Land : " and in the course of his remarks , he passed some very severe censures on the conduct of our Legislature . He denounced the Game Laws as a most inequitous enactment , and one which was repugnant both to the laws of God and the dictates of reason . He dwelt at some length on the failure in the potatoe crop . He repudiated the notion that it was a judgment from

      heaven . God ' s judgments , he said , were always general ; and the potatoe failure affected only the condition of the poor man . Royalty did not lose a single joint of meat by the potatoe failure , neither did those who were wallowing in wealth . There were plenty of fish , beef , lamb , and so forth , in the land , whicli went far to alleviate the distress arising from the potatoe failure ; but these were beyond the reach of tbe poor man . He condemed the policy of Lord John Russel—that great-minded man with a tremendous large body ; he had falsified his pledges , and was therefore not to be trusted . He ( the lecturer ) believed that , come what changes might , there could not be a worse government than the present . He entreated his hearers , if they valued their liberty ( to aid in the getting up of a national petition for presentation to the House of Commons ,

      praying for the enactment of the People ' s Charter . It was in the House of Commons that the battle for the attainment of the people's rights would have to he fought ; and , in addition to the national petition , lie strongly recommended , as a powerful auxilary , the securing often ortwelve members ©( 'Parliament , nledged to support the claims of the Chartists , and to second the efforts of Thomas Duncombe . He believed that a more bungling government than the present never existed ; and seeing that they could not hold the reins successfully , they ought to abandon their post , and let others tin- their hand at managing more successfully . He passed some censures on Lord Brougham , indulged in a good deal of sarcasm at the expense of royalty , and made a few thrusts at Babingtnn Macaulay . The lecturer was applauded very abundantly by the audience .

      SECOND LECTURE . The second lecture on this subject took place on Wednesday evening , in Adam-square Hall , when the attendance was considerable , and included a few females , Mr . Alexander Grant , letterpress printer , being called to the chair made a few remarks , and introduced Mr . Doyle , who was that night to lecture on the land and its capabilities . Mr . Doyle rose and said—Mr . chairman and friends , the land which is at present in the hands of men of wealth and learning , belongs not to them ; it belongs to all . How did Great Britain come into tha hands of the aristocracy ? In the year 1660 ( I think ) a certain man called a prince ( there are too mauvpraina ) had a notion that England , Scotland ,

      and Ireland too , were his property ! But he found that , somehow or other , he could not take possession of them . He collected a parcel of brigands , and with promises of dividing the spoil , ho induced them to undertake the subjugation of these islands with him . They entered England and attacked the natives , and many battles—bloody battles—were fought . After spreading desolation around , and reducing the natives , he partitioned out the land to his nobles ( bi'isjawls rather ) . Each had so many serfs and slaves , vho were fed upon the land they had to cultivate , . -ind not upon taxes , for these were tiiflint , ' . I ojlieve i his was the rising of the present ^ aristocracy . Cue was asked by what title he held his lands , poin . ad to liis sword . Destruction , spoliation , robbery , iras his

      title . The . thief has the same title to what he steals as he had to his land . The fact of his having stolen it is sufficient reason for his retaining possession of it ! We find the law of primogeniture so formed as to keep the land among the aristocracy . This law is so noxious , and so opposed to all justice , that our united efforts ought to be directed against it . As to the extent of the land , and whether it would not support four times the number it does—for this I can give proof . Alison says that the land of this country could easily support 123 , 000 , 000 of people . There are 77 , 000 , 000 acres of land in the United Kingdom ; and out of this , about 40 , 000 . 000 , or about a half , are cultivated , while 31 , 000 , 000 are not ! 15 . 000 . 000 of this are capable of being cultivated . These facts are based on truth , and cannot be controverted . Tait , in his magazine informs us , that there are the same number of acres in the United

      Kingdom as mentioned by the commissioners , and that there are 50 . 000 , 000 cultivated ; but we may say that there are only 18 , 000 , 000 really cultivated . He tells us that the amount of corn produced is 64 , 000 , 000 quarters , and of this 24 , 000 , 000 are consumed by horses and cattle . They say these lands are better cultivated than those of any other country . But in Italy we find that there are eight acres of arable land to one of meadow , They must have a better knowledge of agriculture than we have . We find there no such extremes of rags and affluence as in England , the envy of surrounding nations . It ought not to be the envy of other nations—it should rather be the pity of its neighbours . I will now adduce some facts to show that the land is not properly cultivated . The farmer who rents a large farm has four men to cultivate a hundred acres . These are never sufficient to bestow the care and

      labour required on so much land . The London market gardeners who have only two or three acres , have four or five men employed upon them ; aud why should not all the land be garden ? There is no reason why it should not . Plenty of manure and labour would make it all equally productive . But the farmer has not the time and means to expend upon it which it requires . He must pay his rent or he will be nut out , for he is only a tcnant-at-will . If a man has only a few acres , with liberty , and the will to cultivate them well , they would yield ten times the produce they do at present . Look around , and will any man sav that the land is half cultivated ? Out of 60 , 000 . 000 of acres we have only 18 , 000 . 000 of arable land , and 43 , 000 , 000 not cultivated . We must have

      meadow land perhaps to some extent ; but a cow will give as much or more milk from cabbages , turnips , and other vegetables as from grass or clover , and of better quality . Now , we have millions starving ; and what hinders the government from employing the able-bodied paupers on the laud ? But rather than lose political influence , they will allow them to starve , or give themselves up to crime . It is a horrible system ! Poverty is the parent of crime . Surely every man will repudiate that system which is so much opposed to all justice and reason . As to the capabilities of the land , I will give my facts on the subject . In ' Chambers' Journal' of the Cth of April 1839 , 1 read a paper called' Singular mode of tenanting laud in Guernsey . ' The writer shows how the

      happiness of the people there has accrued , 'lhe estates never exceeded seventy or seventy-five acres in extent . The laud is sold by quarters , at £ 20 a quarter . There is not a beggar to be met witli in all the island ! ( Applause . ) Oh ! that I could say as much for Scotland ! Mr . Doyle then related an anecdote of a farmer at Gorgic , who kept a cow on a quarter of an acre of land planted with cabbages . 'lhe animal could not eat them all , and produced better milk , aud more than from turnips . Mr . Cobbett ( who had written mure sound sense than many men ) had kept a cow on a quarter of an acre , and given hor 90 lb . of food per day ; but another person had far outstripped Cobbett , for , from a fall of land , he had produced at the rate of eighfcy-one tons of cabbages per acre ! The aristocracy keep good hold of the land—they know tbe value of it too

      well . But by co-operation , the working-man could get land , and so be independent of strikes , or the whims of their superiors . As long as his arm was strong , and the land productive , happiness would bless him ; so long as the sun shone , and the rain poured , prosperity would attend him . Tho first estate had been purchased , and thirty-five men were to be located upon it in February next . This was the first estate purchased by the people for the people ' s interest . The cottages on O'Connorvillc estate had each three rooms , and two acres of laud were attached to each for a rent of £ 6 . ( Great applause . ) After a few questions , proposed by persons among the audience , had been answered by Mr . Doyie , who explained some further particulars of the society , a vote of thanks to him for his lecture , and to the chairman , was moved aud carried by acclamaon , after which the meeting dismissed .

      ¦¦¦Fa* Renewed Agitation For The Charter...

      DENNY , STIRLINGSHIRE . Mr . Doyle addressed a public meeting here , on Monday last , with good results for the causo of the Charter and the Land . A vote of thanks to Mr . Doyle testified the unanimous approbation of the meeting . **

      DUMFRIES . The quarterly meetiHir for the election of oflice-Oearcrs of the Dumfries and Maxwell-town Working w au f 4 ssociation » was held on the evening of Monday last , the 26 th instant , in the snug little reauing-rooin . High-street , occupied by tbe Association , tlie rallying point for years ofthe democrats of tlie capital ot the south of Scotland . The attendance of members was full ; and the following ate the elected :-Me .-srs . G . Lewis , treasurer ; J . Grierson , secretary ; William Lewis , clerk ; William Grierson and J . Patersnn , auditors : and . Joseph M'Quhae Librarhih . Several other items of

      business were then disposed if ; among these t !> o . National Petition was unanimously adopteU ; and a committee named to report to a future meeting as to the more effectual maimer of bringing the matter before the public . It is understood that t \ h : adoption of the Petition will be followed by an energetic canvass of the town and neighbourhood ; incasures will be taken to give ey ^ ry inhabitant eligible , an opportunity of adhibiting his name , and r . o one anticipates a refusal : at all events , denials will be like angels'visits—few and far between . Tue Asso * ciation continuts to thrive , there being weekly additions lo its ranks ofsuch as shall be savco' from the

      thrall of kine , aristocrat , and scheming priest

      : FALKIRK . ' " Mr . C . Doyle delivered a lecture in the Cross Keys Ilall , on Fri-iay . Subject—the " Land and its Capabilities . " Mr . Richard Cooper , an old and staunch veteran in the cause , was unanimously voted to the chair . lie opened the business by reading the placard calling them together , and made a few ; appropriate remarks upon the subject ; after which , ho . introduced Mr . Doyle to the audience . Mr . Doyle ' s lecture occupied nearly two hours in the delivering , and was received througheut with hearty applause . At the conclusion , votes of thanks were accorded to the chairman and lecturer , and the meeting broke up , apparently satisfied with the . evening ' sprocecdings . We are happy to say ffmt Mr , Hamilton , phrenological lecturer , was pre-ent , and expressed his entire approval of the sentiments uttered by Mr . Doyle .

      Aristocratic Usurpation.—What, Indeed, Are

      Aristocratic Usurpation . —What , indeed , are

      These Kings, Lords, And Commons ? Where ...

      these kings , lords , and commons ? Where does the power said to be invested in them leally reside * Let the people of England ask themselves that great question , and they will find in its answer the one great root and source , thtt one great mystery of all their troubles . They will find that their boasted House of Commons is but tbe engine of the aristocracy to cheat them with a show of freedom , while they , through its means , rob and plunder and scourge them to their hearts content . They will find that they have not the power to move a finger of the House of Commons , that the aristocracy , —such a mighty and wealth y and luxurious ariBtOCraCV 38 the

      world never before saw—are , in truth the possessors of all and everything in England . They possess the crown , for it is the great bauble and talisman of all their wealth and honours . They possess the House of Commons , by their sons , their purse ? , aud their influence . They possess the church and Ibu state , the army and she navy . They possess all offices at home and abroad . They possess the land at home , ; md the colonies to the end ofthe earth . A : id , what is more , they possess the property and the profits of every man , for they have 01 : 7 to stretch out their great arm in a vote of the House of Commons , and they can take it as they please . —Hampden ' s History of the English Aristocracy .

      Ireland:

      IRELAND :

      State Of The Country, A Prebend Of Limer...

      STATE OF THE COUNTRY , A prebend of Limerick diocese , remarkably kind to the poor , has received notice that he will be murdered ! Several magistrates of the County Clare are obliged to have police parlies in their houses to protect them . Horses are killed to prevent their drawing corn to market , and sheep are feloniously killed , it is pre * sumed , as food for the slayers . A mob of 500 persons were dispersed at Kiirush on Thursday by the military and police . Mr . Harvey , agent to Lord Donoughmore , was waylaid near Baymell ' s-grove , Cloumel , on Priuav , and robbed of iflOO .

      COUNT ? MONAOHAX . All Aughnacloy correspondent informs us that parties of fellows are scouring the country in that neighbourhood , visiting the houses of gentlemen and fanners , and demanding money and food . One party visited tiie house of Mr . Watson , of Killyhoman , and , although he gave them money , they threatened to kill one of bis cows upon the next visit . They then went to the house of a widow , named Henderson , and extorted money from her by threats of destruction of property . Similar parties are parading through various parts of the ceuntry , llevying con . tributioiis . The fellows who act thus are not the really denitutc , but idle ruffians , who make the misery of the community a pretext to raise money , which they drink at the next public-house , Their names should be taken down , and the ringleaders punished .

      COU . MV TIPPERART . Robbery . —On Wednesday evening last , two brothers , named M'DonnelJ , were returning from the Limerick market , after disposing of their corn , and when near their own residence at Rush Island , oh the borders of this county and the county Limerich , they were stopped by three armed men , who demanded their money . The M'Donnells refused to do so , and made fight . Pat M'Dunnell received two bayonet wounds in the arm and abdomen , when tha fellows went off , taking with them some provisions the M'Donnells had purchased in Limerick . Threatening notices were last week posted at and in the neighbourhood of Fort Johnston , threatening death to Mr . Johnston if he would receive" any rent , or to any tenant whowouid dare to pay any . Mr . Johnston has made a reduction in his rents of 15 per cent .

      Fiuing into a Dwelling . —On Tuesday night last the house of a man named M'Malum , near Portree , was fired into by a party of men , who put in through the window a notice threatening M'Malum , and ordering him to give iip an acre of land to a person named Toohey , whose mother-in-law , about ten years age , held possession of—and who sold it for a consideration to M'Mahon . The party then withdrew . On Tuesday night last , about eight o ' clock , some ruffians went to the house of Richard Lynch , near Borrisoknne , they fired a shot through the window , which fortunately did no injury , they ordered Lynch to quite forthwith , or prepare his coffin . This is the second or third attack that has been made en Lynch .

      Privation to a fearful extent prevails in the extensive parish of Abamlish , a district strikingly remarkable for the peaceable demeanour and industry of its population , many of whom at this We- ^ k moment are on the verge of starvation . In one village alone , Mullaghmorc , there are one hundred and twenty-nine families , comprising the number of seven hundred aud twenty-eight persons , who were solely dependant upon six acres of corn , having lost all their potatoes , the food on which they mainly existed . Iu the parish are ten thousand human beings , out of which large number only two hundred and forty poor creatures are at work . In the adjoining parish of DruiucliC too , we are informed the condition of the populatiou is nearly as bad as in Abamlish . Many families in this county have been subsisting for six weeks principally on cabbage and nernicious food . —SUgo Journal .

      A gentleman , writing from Bilhngarry , in the county of Limerick , states that the townspeople had been greatly alarmed by an incursion of several hundred of the peasantry , who entered the village in an apuarant state of desparation . They complained of not having received their wages , and of their entire destitution . A priest addressed them , and they were induced to separate by a promise of speedy redress .

      corarr cohk . A correspondent of the Repwter writes as follows : — Bau / toehob , Tuesday evening . —I arrived here this day by the mail car , and proceeded to make the nenessary inquiries respecting the state of destitution , under which this part of the country labours , and ( ind that it fully equals , if not surpass , that which 1 witnessed in Skibbereen and its neighbourhood , As l passed along the road , groups of famished children , rushed out of the cabins on the way side , iniportunning the passengers on the car for money to pupchase food , as they stated that they had not had any that day . The abject misery aud distress which their appearance betokened enlisted the sympathy of those who could render them any assistance , and it was wonderful to see with what avidity and joy they seized on the few halfpence that were handed to

      them . On entering the town , i was surprised to see a large concourse of people in the streets , and on inquiring of some of them what they were assembled tor , they told me that the pay clerk of the Board of Works had arrived in town and was about giving them the first instalment of their wages since they wore set to work . I asked some of them how long they had been employed , and they replied that some were three weeks and some were four ; but that they were only getting one fortnight ' s wages out of what was due to them , leaving three weeks wages due to some After receiving the money , I observed some of thorn go into shops where Indian meal was sold , and express a desire to purchase , but i \ is impossible to "ive an adequate idea ot the disappointment they experienced when informed by the shopkeepers that they were out of it , and could not tell when they would have a supply . This is truly a melancholy

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 31, 1846, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_31101846/page/5/