Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 1st August 1846, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7

Page 7
Page 7
7 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (3)
    • S iJjwign $totemem$r
    • cweit Melancholy (Death from Lockjaw. — On "Weil -. _t-t„_1_ \M ~ . W:lt!.„«..
    • insni Extraordinary Death of a Missb. — On Monday
  • Text (10)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      [ Aflgs T * ^_^ . , . The Northern Star....

      [ _Aflgs _* _^_^ . , . THE NORTHERN STAR . * I _^ - _t ¦ : _^— - - .

      S Ijjwign $Totemem$R

      _S _iJjwign _$ _totemem _$ r

      Iti Jltrlfl War, Atleaftinweras, » Shoul...

      _iTi jltrlfl war , _atleaFtinweras , » _Should my ch ancew happen—deeds , ) t 4 _^ u 7 * U who war with _Thoughtr a _* i * I h earalimebird , who singi " ' « oP b _? _andty wmbe ihe stron S _- _"—Bt « c »

      _REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA . * SO . IV . trenow P _^ lo vea ew extracts from this Just ' s -fl " startlinj ; account of the ' coKKOPUOS OT T 1 TE KC 55 IAS OFnciAIS . fh e causes which _noionly " nmit the power of the _"Rusemperor , but , prevading the whole edifice of Russian _"l _^ _ijjffon _, _« nder all real _process difficult , and _dissoluv _^ _probable , are to be fonnd in the unblushing Tenality j _pofrnption of all who wear the imperial button , 'and ? Ltf _irlio are employed iu anj capacity , high or low , iu T branch of the administration . _Tromthe door of \ 1 emperor ' s ante chamber , from the high officials of vS roErt down to the sentinel at his gate , every man is -. ex tortioner and a public robber , and all are united _.. one vast conspiracy , to deceive the only _m-min the _ggdat who cannot be bribed—fhe _possessor of it . It has _entjniciilly saia , _innllui-ion tothefoMes of human

      _^ _jjjturc , " that every man has his price "—a _sweeping _jgertion , which we once deemed only tobe true by giving guide latitude te the meaning these words immediately _csnvt * _. and supposing that every man may bB _infiui-ne-d j _^ s _a-nc dereliction of conscientious duty , by ihe possible _gaibination and _agency of his passion ? , feelings , and { _factions . But in Russia it is a lamentable " fact , that _ga epigrammatic sentence "bears a literal and universal app lication , for " ereryinan has his price in money . " _flje minister , the judge , the general , the admiral , the Ung list of subordinates which complete tbe linfcs of this _riain , down to the petty ckenovnik , the serjeant , the _boa tswain , the boutuschnik , and the executioner , must all _jg included in tbe censure . From high to low , all equal ly _csnspire to rob the government by their _pecnlai „ _as , the public by their extortions , _malrins the _pam r with which an arbitrary system invests them , ism to the last refraction of sub-delegated authority , a _aatterofnotoiiouspurchase .

      • "Tiiis censure is certainly of a wholesale character , hntthe secpticalhave only to read ontobeconvinced that there is little or no exaggeration in the abjve sweeping condemnation . There are three principal modes of extorting bribes , tdrich are practised from the cabinet minister down to Uie watchman in the " street ; hy the direct threat and prac tice of oppression , hy the sale of £ rroars , or _bv _TCthholding the performance < rf a duty un-il bribed . J 6 e reader should be at once informed * that all this peculation is carried on in the face of a law which dooms to

      _jaradation tbe highest _authority in the empire , if only toavicted of receiving a present . It is also carried on "nthe face of severe examples now and then made bv _a-ferent emperors . But these examples , being in frequent _jiJ capriciOUS , are considered bjtnosetbey are intended jjdtteras amongst the accidents of life ; if ever eo _jjqnently repeated , the rooted habits of a century and ihalf , the impossibility of * maintaining even the decencies iJlife without them , would probably reader the Russians gjy more * cautious in concealing their delinquencies _, _sitbont their ever dreaming of altogether avoiding

      Even the energeti- Peter the First , who spared no t _* _ood , no cruelties , who tore through the very bonds of sjtural affection when he had a _favonrate object to „ _nr ; the man who cut off heads with his own hand , who * put to death two thonsand of hi * , revolted _Stre-Srers , and alloirinsr their heads to freeze to the trnnli _ficm which they were dissevered , left them , the tive months winter through , a ghastly row of corpses , infearjal esitnple ofhis vengeance ; the man who doomed and _woajhtthe death ofhis first-born—even this terrible

      _Petarctterly failed in his attempts to stop the -venality which we can at least trace hack thus far . In vain he flaitd the prayer of his favourite empress , the wife of the Sweedish trooper , and tore fremher sideher favourite to break him on the wheel , aud inflict corporal punish . Brut on his sister , because they had sold the imperial favour . "We learn from Xorberg , the _diapUia t , i the Sweedish . Achilles , that , notwithstanding these examples , Peter ' s chief favourite , _Mtnchicofi * _, could not resist a _hriba from "Mazeppa , to lull the suspicion of the Tsar , and cloak the meditated rebellion of the Hetman ' s vassals .

      Punishment has been proved to be futile in cor-RCtingthis depraved state of things . Here are two instances : — A fire took place in Cronstadt , in the summer , and was found tbat _thtiewa- * not a horse on the island i " which it is situated , although the police master had fo years charged for the keep of a large number ; he was degraded to a private sailor . The very instalment oi _Mssuccessor began by the extortion of a bribe . Two years ago , the bank surveyor in the mortgaging dpartrncnt was applied to by an aide-de-camp of the _empcreirs , t' , value a honse he intended _pledging to the bank ,. The surveyor observed , "My charge is 2 , 000 roubles { £ 30 ); pay them down , _as _> d I will give a good valuation without looking at the place , otherwise it shall not be valued at all for weeks , and undervalued then . " The aide-de-camp reported the affair to the emperor ; the _snreyorwassentto the galleys . Three days after , in the same office , a similar demand was made te a fresh _sppacant .

      Itis the duty of the secret police to ferret cut cases of _public-corrnptien , but the secret police have _toogreat an interest in conserving the present order of things' to do more than hunt "down a few "in & _vlduals who have rendered themselves obnoxious hi some other way . The sort ofjustice to be had at the hands of this body is well illustrated by the folj & tsing instance of double refined villainy . A poor nobleman _hadbei-n carrying on a lawsuit for KTend years , -when he received aa intimation ifrom the Kcretary of Ihe tribunal , that unless he paid over 10 , 0 m roubles ( £ 450 ) to the president , the case would brdecided against him . The unfortunate litigant , who conld not raise as many peace , bethought him of applying t » Count _Bsnkenclorf . the chief of the secret service .

      whom he had been led to believe was personally anxious to make an example of some ofthe delinquents , and who is one of the four-or five men holding office in the empire , _TitiO arc deemed incorruptible hy the common rumourer at least , if the _Kussians _utterly disbelieve in the existence of an unlimited integrity , of whom they say , "We do not think even snch a sum -would buy him . " The party referred to offered thc Count to furnish him wtb an unquestionable proof of the venality ofthe president of ike Court of Appeal ; and fer that purpose proposed that he shcald be entrusted with the amount of Uie bribe demanded , in notes privately marked . Tie

      undertook that those notes should be found on the _presides person . The Count consented . Since - . the good CM tunes ofthe reign of Alexander , neither the secretaries , rice-presidents , non-presidents , ( the parties who 5 a the courts of law receive all bribes affecting-the _immediate decision of civil or criminal cases , ) ever make their bargain or receive any money before a third party . Thar dread of the anger of _Nicholas even occasions them " _Presort to many precautions formerly not dreamed of ; sad in this instance the president declined receiving the money in his house , £ ut proposed that the litigant should Jam * him to dinner at a tavern wcich he indicated , _aaiiherepay over tbe amount to him .

      It must here be observed , that it is not unusual in _Bs-aa for the judge to be thus treated . Xet the _readtr _bnagi _uethelrtrd Chancellor of England taking a whitebat dinner at G reenwich with one of tte parties in whose < _iss he was about to decide , and with wfcom he had only this _nrcfessional acquaintance ! _However the judge's Proposition was _accedsd to , and hi ; bast caused an officer of gendarmerie to be 6 tatimed iu . an adjacent ¦ closet . The _president made his appiar _inee ; -he signified , bribe action ofhis fingers , that their pecuniary transaction la _£ better precede _flicgastronomiceater'ainment the host accordingly ga « him over a" small roll of bank notes , the president connted thein * _° - _verybuiiness . like way , and tossed them _islo his hat . As this was not yet quite _satisfactory , in the hope that his _JSUdSt WOUld

      fnally . traaifer the moneyito his person , his Amphitryon deferred _givitg the signal for the _apearasce of the _Scret police . agent , and they sat down to _dinner . At fids moment feme one knoelied ; it was tlie president ' s -nephew , come to him with scmetrifliug message from his 1 % . The judge gavehim £ brief answer , and bowe _^ ihc out . At lire conclusion of tlieir dinner _fccwaspre-Jari _** s to depart . ; he had pulled on his _shube _, and put his sat «• his head . ; when , oa the preconcerted signal , the * _Sctrof _gendarmerie rushed into the apartment with an <* _derfroci CouiitLenkciKioiff _. r . liose dictum _evtry-di- 'ni : sr _J in _tlieempire'rustobejjto _Bsureh h !* person . "JBo not

      _£ v * yourself the trouble to sear « * i him , " said the _escite

      The Emperor Alexander . knew Ms _aspects well , if they only knew , " said he . where ta warehouse ** ea , they would purloin my Hne-of-battle-shins—if ftey could do it witheat _waHng me , tkey would _Sealsiy teeth while I slept . " Thispublie _Tenaliry Ie the great alcer whlcUls _con-^ oaaily _fiapning the strength ofthe Russian military P _^ er . Oar author s remarks on this subject are _^ _'stiaiporiant ; _wegivfttuefouuwwg extract : — 10 the _inultitadinous regiments ofthe line scattered over _^ _$ _* ent governments , thousands of men and thousands _" ¦ _Itoes art ; j _S-, - _^ for by the state , which have never _T _^ f ' _TI . U _iliiXcd i = a o _nipzrs- _'iveJy _iABtog _C'il , _^» _U 5 e _esptrieucehas proved that whenever tke framc-* Mi ( cadres ) ofa regiment is in good order , however _•^ Meni y its W 6 aks ma , _fi ] jea by recruits , it very

      Iti Jltrlfl War, Atleaftinweras, » Shoul...

      « p « _edilj _becoraeBflS _fcSectiTQ a » _Uits full comflement had never been diminished . But It is whmever these iiilfea soldiers have tobetfttived a few hundred miles , even within the limits of this interminable empire , that their sufferings fearfully increase , "Whilst in quarters , the superior authority squeezes from tbeir allowance of rations , pay , and cloathing , the very utmost that will allow him to make , with his patient and uncomplaining men , such an _appeavanceas may cover Ms responsibility and he has generally calculated with minute nicety the extreme limit of endurance ; but on a march , his subordinates , removed from his own surveillance , immediatelv

      pursue the same system on a body of which previous rapacity has alread y exhausted the vigour . Officers of all ranks , -whoever , m _shDr t , hasthecharge for even half thc day of any detachment , great or small , immediately matcBhU bargain wiOi the contractors who should furnish provisions , the peasantry on whom the troop are quartered , the landed proprietors , or their agents - and if only for a good dinner and a bottle of champagne , the officer winks at the curtailment of tha rations of his company , In fact , the soldier mi ght often drop from inanition , if he in his turn did not extort from the peasantry what the regulation gives him as bis right .

      The navy surfers equally with the army from the effects of this insatiable rapacity on the part of the officials ; this assertion is amply illustrated in the following extract : _The'Emperor _Uicholas having been made acquainted , whilst grand deke . with tbe glaring malversations which took place in the naval arsenals of Cronstadt , some time after his accession , suddenly sent down a commission , who placed the imperial seal on everything , and prepared to commence on the following day the labour of inquiry . That night the arsenals were d estroye _« l by fire ! But

      even thc consuming element could not destroy the longaccumulated evidence of fraud . On clearing the ruins , a number of cannon were _discovered , which , on reading the inscription on them , were fonnd to belong to a manof-war which had been lost a short time before in the Gulf of Finland , aud as it had been reported , with ail her guns and sferes on board . It was therefore evident tbat her own officers had taken her out to « ea for the purpose of sinking her , having previously left all the valuable part of her armament and provisioning on shore for sale .

      We must refer the reader to the work itself for additional illustrations . Two chapters are devoted to " St . Petersburg and its inhabitants , " and these chapters are so interesting that , if we could gratify " our own inclination , we should quote them entire . The veil whieh has hitherto covered the real rottenness of tbat enormous sham , St . Petersbcrgh is raised , and the "lath aad plaster encampment" of the Tsars stands revealed in -ill its veritable weakness . Oar author ' s admirable description of the public buildings of the Northern

      capital , and his life-like portraiture of the . several classes who throng its streets , presents us with a panorama ef St . Peterslurgh never before equalled . As we read we feel onrselves eye-witnesses of the scenes described , and satisfied that what is pictured before us is the reality of fact . It has been well said that " where anarchy has slain its units , despotism has slain 'Its myriads . " The rebuilding * of the ** Winter Palace" after its destruction by fire , shows something of the systematic murder wrought by despotism , peacefully and silently , for its own selfish ends .

      "In 1 S 37 the Winter Palace , which had been erected by the labour of eighty thousand irortmcn . and which Its owners had been eighty years in adorning , fell a prey to the flames of a democratic element _, which does not respect tbe houses of princes , and was in a few hours reduced io ashes . Uichol \ s determined that it should be rebuilt , and decreed that the re-building " should be the work of one year , and no more . Even the Twaonstrauccs of architects were of no avail , the Tsar had willed it , and this burlesque of Omnipotence mnst be obeyed . The superintendence of the -work to be accomplished -was entrusted to one of the most base and unscrupulous ofthe autocrat ' s tools ; how he fulfilled Ms mission the following extract "will tell : —

      Armed with an imperial ukase , he went to work ; all the best artisans and labourers in St Petersburgh wero forced into the service ; fresh relays of six thousand at a time , _nsjjht aad day , succeeded eaeh oilier . How many were altogether employed , the anthor never heard , but the mere quantity of qnass drank by them , to cool their burning blood , in the oven-like temperature to which the rooms were raised to dry their walls , is Something astounding . The reader must not , however , fall into the error of aMrs . Malaprop , whom the author once heard observe , on hearing of the immense sums paid for the onions

      consumed by the builders of the Egyptian pyramids . " If it cost so much _forgreengrocery , what must their butchers ' and fishmongers' * bills have been 1 " The quass formed the hrgest item ofthe reward of these workmen ; because the government pay in these cases is slaw , subject to deductions which no one dares dispute , and because most of those employed have cogent reasons for never _iilaiminfrit Large numbers of these men daily fell ill ; many died , poisoned by the smell ef paint , fhe heat , and the carbonic acid gas and vapours ; but their place was immediately supplied by others . On this subject the author must -quote , because be can add nothurs to , the powerful words of tho "Marquis de Custine . He

      says" Thus _theseninfortunate men had to undergo a difference of temperature of from 50 to ee degrees , on entering and leaving this abode of death , transformed , by means of their sacrifice , into the seat of vanity , magnificence , and pleasure . Labour in "the mines of the Ural is less injurious to life , yet fhe workmen employed at Petersburg were no malefactors . I have been told , that such of these unfortunate people as painted the interior of the apartments that were mort heited , were obliged to wear ou their heads a kind of glass cap , that they might retain the use of their senses , in thc burning temperature to which , they were doomed

      the whole thne they were at work .. "We should bs thoroughly disgested with the arts , the - gilding , the luxury , and all the pomp of courts , if such work could not hi performed in a more efficacious manner . Nevertheless , the sovereicc was called father by all these men sacrificed before his face , for an object of mere imperial vanity . Six thousand workmen were constantly employed . A considerable number diefi every day , but the place of the victims was instantly supplied by other champions , who filled the chasms , tc perish in their turn in that inglorious breach ; the dead were unseen ¦ —and the only object of so many sacrifices was to gratify the whim of one-man .

      The order cf the emperor at Ieast'was fulfilled ; he sat triumphantly again on the throne , in the hall in the palace which" the flames had devoured one short year hefore . But-then began some _disagree-ibles and some dangers . An atrocious odour pervaded some ofthe _apartments _^ _-it seemed as ifth edeadbodies of thosc who had perished in the work was festering within them . On examination , it was discovered that a quantity of coarsewool , which had been placed between the flooring and _ceifing to intercept the _aents vapour which the joint heat and-damp had given rise to , was rapidly

      putriiying . Again , tlie famous hall of St . George was just prepared for -some great festal occasion , on which the _amperor . the imperial family , and -three-fourths of the great officers-of the crown were to be united within it , when tlie ceiling all fell in with a 'tremendous crash . If its beams and rafters hadhclda day or two longer , the motion and vibration occasioned by so large a crowd must inevitably ha 7 e _brom-ht it down upon their heads , and avenged on-them , as Sampson did upon the Philistines , the sufferings of the poor artisans who had been forced to raise -op this monument of & 'uespot ' s vanity .

      " It is said -Skat the soil of St . Petersburg is in many parts fathomless bog , and that the piles rather float than directly sustain the buildings above them ; and it is well known that a prevalence of west winds snch as , if rare , will probably occur 6 nee in a century 0 r two—would suffice to raise the wafers ofthe Gulf of Finland high enough to sweep away the devoted city . " The posstb'lity of this catastrophe is believed in by more persons than this author , as witness the following views _otllom . anil Bremxebi '—

      " The Russian capital , " says tlie latter , " has rilled the nations with wonder by its sudden rise ; is it to fill them with greater _woadcr by its yet more . sudden fall ! Shall the proud monarch of tlie north hear it Said Of his -darling seat , as it « 7 as said to the repining prophet of the gourd , which had made him so exceedingly glad— ' It came up in a night , nnd perished in a night J "' Th « marquis observes— ' * The ancients bui ' t with indestructible materials , beneath a . conservative shy ; bore , where the cliEate destroys every thing , are raised up palaces of wood , houses of planks , and temp les of stucco . Itis true theSussian workmen spend thtir lives iu remaking

      during summer what thc winter has undone , nothing lesists tlie _& ifluence _ofthis _^ limate ; those edifices which appear _the-HOst ancient ware reconstructed yesterday . Stonelasts hare no longer than the lime and _moe-tar « _- other climes . * * * These popular solitudes are ueopled with _atttutes and bacso-relievos to perpetuate historical events , without _remembering that in this country monuments endure eveya _Ipsstlian the recollections of the past . * * * Shis city , with quays « f granite , is a marvel , but the pal _* ce of ice . in which the Empress _Elizabetk held a banquet , was no less a wonder , and lasted as long as tbe snow-flakes—those roses of Siberia . "

      "The idea , " says _Ktml , " that this beautiful youthful city , _withjsllits magnificent creations , is doomed to _destruetiou . is really awful . " * » "At any rate , we need _notbeio- _'priscdif told by the newspapers , some morning , _thatRrtewbuigh , which suddenly rose like a splendid meteor from . the _marsbesof Finland , baa _disappeared as suddenly , like the ignis _foinus which haunts such situations . " But the Russian _capital is exposed to ether storms —mora ! and politic *! . *—the hurricane math of uprisen nations : — St . PeieKburgh js happily _likened to an encampment ,

      Iti Jltrlfl War, Atleaftinweras, » Shoul...

      _^ _- ? s . _' o , if on a jtuBBian territory , it h not yet even now ih _ftalslaT The country 8 urrouBdihg ~ iriritm ' _princi"r pally peopled by "Finns ; the opposite bank of the Ueva is Finnish ground ; and the frontier ofthe grand duchy of Finland itself , where all hearts beat with SwedUh sympathies , is only abont ten miles removed . As the Moslem turns towards the tomb of his prophet , so do the regrets , the reminiscences , and even yet the hopes , Of the Finnish peopl e , turn towards Sweden , the body from which they have been recently aHd , violentl y dissevered .

      In Sweden there can scarcely be found man , woman or child , in whose breast tho loss of this barren province does not rankle . Never in the dark ages did the universal enthusiasm of the west pant to recover the holy sepulchre , as the Swedish nation does to regain its lost Finland . Sweden and the Uussian empire now stand face to face , like David and Goliah , indeed , but who can tell wiiether the march of future events and western policy may not put into Sweden ' s hands the fatal sling . St . Fetersburgh is not only menaced b y the storms -whicb may roll upon herthe waves of the Baltic , but also by those , no less fearful , which the policy , the interest , the abhorrence , or all . combined , of civilized nations , may raise against the Russian empire , and she stands exposed to bear the full brunt of the . first serious attack directed Bgaiustit . There are , therefore , more reasons than one why a century hence there should be no more ! traces of the capital of Nicholas , than is to be found in our own day of the royal village of Attila .

      _Tfe earnestly trust that the generation is already in existence that shall witness this consummation so " devoutly to be wished !"

      'Hi W* 1 " Poland's Regeneration, "We Ga...

      'HI W * " POLAND'S REGENERATION , "We gave in our last . number the Address of the Democratic Committee for Poland's Regeneration to the Electors of France . The " Address" was published in the Reforme and National , ( Paris Journals ) " of the same ; day , ( July 25 th . ) In the Refoitne , the " Address'' was prefaced by the . following introductory remarks : —

      TO THE ELECTORS OF FRANCE . ( From the Reforme of July 25 . ) Here is , Gentlemen , a most noble petition , addressed to you from the other side of the channel : -we are entrusted t _» transmit it to you . and we accept this mission willingly ; we hope above all that the Independent Press of Paris and of the departments will assist ns in our endeavour to forward it to these to whom it is directed . A sufficiency of bad thoughts and of noxious councils have reached us from that country , and have been "followed with too much servility . You -will judge with us , that whilst Governments boast every day of tbeir cordial harmony , and their alliance in bad pursuits , itis well that nations- should in their turn exchange with one another their generous inspirations and fraternal foresights .

      Read then what they have written to you from London ! Perhaps by thinking , that the arena , in wliich yon are about to enter , has for attentive and careful-spectators all tbe nations of Europe ; yon will from this reflection derive a little of that energy of wliich you stand in need . Not mere idle words _. Gentlemen , are expected from you , but serious , very serious _-ictions , whieh may survive a remembrance of the great epochs of onr history , and which require from you a strong determination . The point ia to know whether the Electoral body will be satisfied with the fruitless demonstrations to which thoso whom they have selected , restrict themselves every year , with that worthless protest which your Chamber of Deputies insert at the opening of the session in their address to the throne , perhaps only because there would be much more courage required to leave it out than to continue it . *

      lt is , gentlemen , the English people , who address you by the organ of tlieir moat sincere representatives—those who undertook the task of defending the popular interests against the aristocracy—those who have already eaused tke old supporters of the old institutions and old privileges to retreat before their power and thvir -number—those _who , to-morrow , perhaps , will be masters ; who no doubt would be so even now . had not the statesmen who conduct the English Government swoided a certain defeat by abandoning the battle field on the very eve of the struggle .

      Read , therefore , whatthe English Democracy write to yon ; consider what is thought and expected of you abroad . Attach some importance to this judgment , because , for political bodies , as well as for individuals , the judament of foreign countries is but too often , by anticipation , the judgment of posterity . You are privileged , and a very limited number . You are 240 , 000 , and we are 35 , 000 , 000 of Frenchmen ! Do you think that this formidable power will much longer continue to _saeriGce its interests ; its rights , and its affections , in behalf of all these misdeeds , which the system to which you belong impose upon it ?

      Aristocracy , horn only yesterday , uprisen only tbis miming , from the ranks of the French Democracy , listen to another democracy which reminds yon of your real origin , emulate the example of another aristocracy , which has defended itself longer than you wilt be able to defend yourselves . ' Tbe privileged of England have succumbed to the people in a question of material interests . Privileged of France , unite yourselves with the people in a question of national honour and futurity .

      Akdbess Of The Polish Exiles In France.

      AKDBESS OF THE POLISH EXILES IN FRANCE .

      TO TEE ELECTORS OF FRANCE . ( Fromthci _? crorraeof July 28 , 1840 . ) Citizen Electors , sons of tbe two great revolutions , and legal representatives of FraBce ! Whilst you are about to accomplish a duty of the highest national importance , thhik of Poland ! We will not speak to yon of those sympathetic ties which since centuries exist between France -and Poland , both destined io fulfil the same mission at the two extremities of Europe : nor of those battlefields where thc French and Polish blood was shed

      for the same cause , nor of that triumphal arch-on which Poland is represented _amongst your most splendid national illustrations , nor , lastly , of that martyrdom she suffers with such great eourage . Youknow the long and glorions confraternity of the two nations . Your hearts are trembling wilh' -joy at every hope of Poland : ; your souls mourn at every suffering of your northern sister . Not long ago did not France give to her solemn proofs of a profound and universal sympathy , inculcated by tbe _pasl , and cempnted by the similarity of social principles . ?

      'But we will remind _^ you , Citizen Electors , that the actual state of Europe cannot last for a long-time ; there _areTno ties between the nations and their-governments ; too much injustice , too much _oppression weigh on civilized Europe ; the Slavonian nations , and at their head Poland , moved by ideas of liberty , equality , and "independence , _prepare themselves continually for a terrible struggle . Thc last events of Poland , their democratic character , and even the excessive feavcf the northern _eoyernments , bave consolidated the mutual responsibility of

      nations . We , therefore , ask yon , whether Franee , if she intends to remain faitbfulto her civilizing mission , is not bound to li-ten to these oppressed nations . * to tender to _Ihcm incessantly her hand , and to show them that the spirit of * iT 80 and 1830 has still conserved all its _powir ? To-dav you enjoy peaee , to-morrow you may bo in war . Who will then be your allies ? Will it'be _Russia , Prussia , Austria , or Poland , Germany , and Italy- ?

      And if _«" , is ifc _enoush -to make mere declarations in behalf if Poland ; to grant a generous hospitality to her exiled children , and to protest every year against the cruelties she undergoes ? No , 'Citizen Electors , do your best , that your re . presentatlves , and throuelrtbcm , your government , may understand , that the independence of Poland is a _necessity whicli a near futurity will resolve , and that therefore the action of France ought to show itself energetical and powerful in this national work . ... This we expect from your enlightened patriotism . TnE T > _ex _« egates of the i ? ousu _Dbmochatio Emigration * . * For fear of outraging popular opinion and feeling . [ Ed . N . S _.-1

      Cweit Melancholy (Death From Lockjaw. — On "Weil -. _T-T„_1_ \M ~ . W:Lt!.„«..

      cweit Melancholy ( Death from Lockjaw . — On "Weil -. __ _t-t „_ 1 _ \ M _~ W : lt ! . „« ..

      Nesuay Evening, At Seven O , Wr. Nuuam C...

      nesuay evening , at seven o , _wr . nuuam Carter held an -inquest at the King and Queen Tavern , IJi « h-sti * eet , "Ncwington , respecting tho ieath of William "Bradley , jun ., aged twenty-three ¦ cars , tlie son of Mr . William "Bradley , residing at No . S , Newington Betts . The deceased leftbome on the morning of Friday the 10 th instant , on horseback for the purpose of proceeding fo Camden Town , itnd while on the way Wme at a rapid pace the horse stumbled and threw the deceased over its neck with _jreat violence . Ho was raised up hy the foot passengers and taken to his home , where be was seen by Mr . _llicke , a surgeon , who -discovered that he had received a severe lacerated and contusfcd wound of the *

      knee pan . Mr . Hicks immediately applied the necessary remedies , under wliich he progressed until the following Thursday , when the inflammation appeared to bave subsided and the wound was nearly healed . On Monday , tbe 20 th , be was much worse , and the family became alarmed . Mr . Dicks was _SCflt for in great baste . On bis arrival the deceased complained of stiffness in thc jaw . It was then discovered that symptoms of tetanus or lock-jaw had come en . Everything tbat medical science suggested was adopted , and up to Thursday last the deceased appeared to be improving , which gave some hope t > his friends of his recovery . On Friday very unfavourable symp toms came on ; he continued to gel worse and died at _Uve o ' clock on Saturday morning last . * The Jury returned a verdict of Accidental death from lock-jaw caused by _afalk "

      Theinauest Adjourned From The20th,--Upon...

      Theinauest adjourned from the 20 th ,--upon the body of Patrick _Frcderiek White ; a private in the 7 th Hussars , whose deatn , it wag alleged . ' was caused by _ewestilveflog-R ing , was resumed on Monday , atthe George the Fourth Inn , Hounslow Heath ' . - ' ' ; Mr . Wakley , the coroner , arrived from town at nine , and took his seat at half-past nine o ' clock , when the inquiry was immediately proceeded with . The room was densely crowded . There were present , Mr . Clarice , solicitor , of New Brentford , who , as on the former occ _.-tsion _, appeared on behalf of the regiment , Colonel Whyte , Lieutenant Ireland , the Adjutant , and several other officers of the _Ttb Hussars . " -. _^ ¦ .- ' . •¦ ¦ __ •¦ ,.. . _¦;•• • ¦ - It was at once _arranged to continue tbe evidence , -

      James Blsworth , a private in ' the 7 Hi , Hussars , and who was present at White ' s punishment on the ISthof June , wasfirat called . The statement which he made was that the punishment , first inflicted on deceased"by Furrier-Major Critton , had been exceedingly severe , the farrier , as he described it , rising on hia toes , striking with all his strength at each lash , and that , ' when Ewens , tbe second farrier , struck with less force , the adjutant , w ? io stood on the right of the colonel , said threateningly , " Bo jour duty . " The words of the colonel when , the punishment being over ; he addressed the regiment in the square , were , according to ElswortVs version , — " That it was a long time since he had had to resort to ' such unpleasant

      punishment , and he was sorry tohave to dolt now . tut the man's having been drunk was no " excuse for his insubordination . Itwas not tliefirst time" that' he had made these brutish ' attacks ; he had merely done it as tin example to the . _young ' _soldiere ¦ arid his a . _- . miadea ( alludinff to ihDdeceaseu ) . coubi tell bim when be came out that he would , every time he committed the offence , receive the same amount of punishment as oh this occasion . " The witness had been present when' the offence for which _deceased was punished was ; committed ., y It was at Haiupton Court barracks , at ' nino o ' clock at night ; There were in the room tho deceased , Serjeant br . ley _, Thomas Hollis _, corporal , William Harvey , _private , ami several other men who were in bed . ' Witness saw

      deceased go from the side of the bed up to . the serjeant awl strike him with a poker on the breast . The serjeant _retreated , and deceased striking at him a second time , missed his aim and fell down . Hollis then , by the Serjeant ' s order , seized White , who , appearing to be a little intoxicated , was without difficulty secured ; He was taken to the gu » rd-room . _Ekworth was not called before the court-martial as a witness . The deceased was kept under arrest until he was tried . The serjeant was heard to say that he had been hurt hy the . blow inflicted by deceased . The court martial was held at Hounslow

      barracks . Serjeant Daley ; at the time he was struck , was orderly serjeant ; and was calling the roll . ' Deceased was , in general , a _nober man '; he had gotdrunlc on this occasion at thc canteen . Elsworth had been present tit three floggings in his regiment ' at one of which the colonel was present . ' The first case was one in which" 100 lashes was sentenced , and 75 only inflicted ; and in' the -second and third cases ISO were sentenced _ilhd - 50 ' 6 nly Inflicted , the Commander-in-Chief remitting tha remainder on the ground that corporal punishment had previously been suffered by the culprits . Dr . Warren was present at the two latter cases . ' ' ¦ - "' ¦¦ '

      The Coroner here pnt to' Elsworth the question— "Bid you notice , in the manner of tying White , or in the treatment generally , or In the manner of striking , anything different from what you noticed in any of the three _-cuEi-e you mentioned ? " Yes , I don't say that the punishment was so severoly inflicted on others as it was on White , Tbe farriers struck harder . In the first case referred to , the man was able , the day . after the punishment , to go oh duty . There was mor _, ; blood drawn , at White ' s punish _-, ment , than I ever saw at any other flogging . The same farriers flog (; ca in all these instances . - During the whole of the time of White ' s flogging , neither the colonel nor the doctor went hear bim . The doctor never moved , 'in the half-hour . ' during which the flogging last , from the position which he fi > 6 t took up .

      The Coroner , at the request of Mr , Clarke , asked the witness how many times he had been convicted of desertion ? The auswer was— " Twice : once , because I had been ordered to be flogged . I have been in the re _eiment five years , and I have keen flO f _Tged seven times , Many men in the regiment have been trieii for desertion m . \ ny have deserted more frequently than 1 have , Since 1 S 411 have not been punished . Lately I have been recommended by Colonel "Whyte , on account ' of good conduet ; for prom 'tion . No complaint has been made against any man in the regiment for the evidence he had ' given at tho inquest . Mathewson was at present under arrest "; but not , he ( Blsworth ) believed , on that ground . He had been in confinement when he was called to attend the inquest . " The two cats used , at the flogging , and three others , were bcre produced . The knotted lashes of those _recently used were still discoloured with blood ; but , of the five , those with which the deceased was punished scenied to be the lightest .

      John Mathewson re-called : Since ! gave evidence here on Monday last Captain Shirley has given an order forme tobe kept in barracks , although the period of my punishment expired last week . The Coroner : If you are subjected to any punishment for the evidence you have given let me know ; and I will see you protected . The Coroner here stated that lie did not intend to call either Colonel Wbyte , the Adjutant , or Dr . Warren _^ as witnesses , but if either of them , wished ' to come in and make any statement to the jury they might do so . Mr . Clarke said they wcre ' most anxious and desirous to do so . The Coroner asked the brother of the deceased if he wished to put any questions to the witnesses . The hrother said he wished to put some questions to Serjeant Potter whenever it was convenient .

      Rev . H . S . Trimmer examined : I am vicar of this parish . On Monday , "the 13 th instant , 1 was outside my gate , and I saw a _serjeant-major of the 7 th Ilussars , who came up to me . I asked him his business . He said ho wanted to see the sexton . I told hi _* u I was the clegyman and asked what his business was with the sexton ? He said , respecting the burial of a soldier who was to be buried at four o ' clock on the afternoon of the following Wednesday . I asked him of what the soldierdied . He said , ' Of a liver complaint . " I asked him whether it was true that thesoldier had been recently flogged . He said he had about-five weeks before . I . ' asked liim if he was aware that reports about thnt mail ' s death were abroad ? ne said he was . I told him , that under all circumstances I wished him to go to bis -commanding officer , and expressmy opinion to him that previous to

      my heing called on to perform the burial serrice over him , 1 should bave the authority of tbe -coroner , ire still persevered to have the funeral at the time he had mentioned . _T told him , I could give hirn no authority to fix on any time without further information , and that I should expect a communication from the barracks . Remained at home during the whole of that day , and uutil about nine o ' clock the next morning , but I heftl'd ' llnthinc from the barracks _^ I am a magistrate . I was called to a sitting at Brentford , and before I went I thought it my duty to address a-letter to the Coroner on -the subject , which I _plact d in the hards of Inspector -Lawrence , of Brentford , and begged him to forward it with the least possible delay to the Coroner . I remained at Brentford

      for some time , and on my return I received a letter from the barracks . I have no objection to my letter being read . [ The Deputy Coroner read Mr . Trimmer ' s loiter , Svhich was a repetition _of-his evidence . ] Witness—The serjeant said it had been ascertained to be a liver complaint by the medical examination of the body . The _. _pBlJOn Who said he was a clerk at the barracks , brought a certificate , signed by Mr . HaH and another name . I read it through hastily . I told tbe person tbat it was no longer in » y hands " and that I had informed thc Coroner . ; and I further said I though it extraordinary that the person should first have died from a liver complaint , and then a certificate should be sent me that the cause of death was disease of thc hnart .

      Llewellyn Lewis examined—( Serjeant Potter was here called into the room . )—Am registrar of births and deaths for tbe district of Isleworth , which includes Heston . I live in Wootondane . On themerning of Tuesday the 14 th instant , a soldier of the seventh Hussars came tome to register ihedeath ofa comrade . Asked liim if be was present at tbe death . He said " No . " Asked him ifbe had been in attendance upon him . Ho said •* No . " I said I could not _taka his information ; he must send mc a _person who waa present at the death , and also a surgeon ' s certificate . He went away , and he said he would send the hospital serjeant down , as they wanted to

      bury deceased at twelve o ' clock that day . Waited till Serjeant Henry Potter came , who produced this certifi . cate _, saying he was presentat his death : — "PrivateFrederick White , 7 th Queen's . Own Husfiavf , died lith July , 1 S _1 G , disease , inflammation of the heart . —George Warren , M" D ., Surgeon , 7 th Hussars . " Witness—From something I had heard , I was induced to ask Potter it the man had been flogged . He _hi-sitated a little , and then said , " Well , he has been flogged , about five weeks ago , but be was unite well in about a fortnight . " Aslcoil his private opinion on flogging ,- and much surprised to hear him say that it could not be done aivoy with . 1 then registered the death .-

      William Brent examined , —I am a butcher at Heston , and a constable of that parish . A policeman came to me by order , as he stated of Mr , Pownall _, the magistrate , and told me to go to the Barracks and enquire ahout the death ofa man who had been flogged . Went to the barracks and saw Dr . Warren , who told me the man had beCU flogged , but it W , 1 S five weclcs before , that he bad got quite well of it , that he had died of an inflammation of the heart , anil that there was no occasion for an inquest . Went to Mr . Pownall ' s Isut he was not at home . Went . to Bedford-square , aud was by the Coroiiov ordered to _KO to the barracks . Saw Dr . Warren , _wltogave me what information I wanted , but said an inquest was

      unnecessary . Farrier Evans deposed—Am a farrier and private in the 7 th Hus = _ars . Was picsent at the punishment of the deceased . Received no instructions from nny ono during the punishment . Was informed of it before tlie parade by "Farrier-major Critten . The colonel , adjutant , and surgeon of the regiment came into the room . Was cmployed to flog the deceased . It is an order of the regiment for the farriers to flog , When all hands are paraded every one attends . Went into the riding school . White was not there then . Ctitten aud I tied up deceased with the cords usual for that purpose . Deceased was tied in the usual manner , by the hands and legs , that bo could not move hand or foot . Tlio cats were lying o n the floor } should say four or five , Famer . maior

      Theinauest Adjourned From The20th,--Upon...

      Cr itten used the first , ( The witness here took the cat he U 8 ed \ it was one _' of the Iigbthandled _bnes , ") " That is _tUe 11 used to flog the deceased ,. and also . Matheweon . W hen I took the cat the adjutant said , "Go on . " .. That w as the only order that was addressed , to me . I am sure ° f that . ' No complaint was made that I did not do my duty . It is left to a man ' s discretion to flog hard or not . It is leftto his own strength . The only order I received was from the ' _farrier-mojor not to strike hard or soft , but to strike between the shoulders . The Coroner— -What are your orders ? , Colonel Whyte and the Adjutant both said there were no orders . .... ' . ' .

      The Coroner—T shall then not ask the witness another question ; and had I been aware of what his . answers would have been I would not have examined him , and placed him in this position . . This must he enquired into most strictly . I will explain _theeituatlon In which this man stands by what he bas stated . We have this in his evidence—t' _* athe has flogged this man into whose death we aro enquiring without having received any orders to do SO . .. . ; - Dr . Warren was called forward , and the coroner told him he stood in a position in which he could not receive hia evidenco , hut if ho chose to mike any statement it

      would be written down , and probably used against him , —Dr . Warren said he was most anxious to state all be . knew , of the . ease . Examined but not sworn : Am a Doctor of Medicine of , the University , , of Edinburgh , and surgeon to the 7 th Hussars . It is customary in . the Brit ; iak army ; that , a surgeon should be presentat every punishment .. There is a ( jeneralorder to that effect , Heard the sentence read previous to the punishment , being inflicted in the presence of the deceased und the . regiment . Examined deceased most minutely on _. the morning ofthe day Of the triill _. ifa . de no entry of . my examination in my medical register , _^ certify before he was . punished and after . I examine him . to ascertain if : ho . was fit to

      undergo corporal . punishment , imprisonment , or anything else . When , I had written the certificate I gave it to a non-commissioued officer , who took , it to the commanding officer- It stated that the deceased was in a good state of health and fit to undergo corporal punishment , imprisonment , & c . I gave , that certificate- with the knowledge that I had the power to stop that punishmentwhenever I thougbt . itnecessary . That certificate was laid before the officers at the court-martial . . During the punishment , it nos not necessary for me to give any order respecting it . Should say I was near enough to deceased while punished to see if it was necessary to interfere , being only a yard or two from him . "Not necessary in the British army to examine a soldier under punishment . Not customary in the British army to feel the pulse while under , punishment , and did not do it .

      Ordered Serjeant . Potter to , foment deceased's , back , after the punishment , with a sponge , and warm . water . Saw _deceased on , the second day . at ten o'clock . Did not make daily entries ofhis state iu the medical book , as not necessary , but every two or . three days ., ne was , at first , on low diet ( half diet ) . , . ; No change was made in his diet . until , he became worse .. It was , then changed to spoon diet , or what we call "fever diet . " That was just before his death . , From the IGth to tho 19 th of June he had low diet . ; On tlie Cth of July it . was altered to spoon diet , vir _,., three pints of tea aud a certain quantity of bread . ; That was all . The diet is regulated by the medical : board . Fomentations ¦ were continued

      from the 10 th to the _SOtb , inclusive .,. On the 22 nd there was some cetaceous . ointment mixed vith lead applied as dressings to th * back , until the 25 th . On the 25 th , he had a number of boils coming out on his back , and poultices vWcre > ordered . . On the , 28 _lh , he had some opening _vaediciue ordered . He weut on . well at first . Tfcere was a considerable : discbarge at first , , but no sloughing or smell .: The small , book produced is only a memorandum-book of the surgeon's . . His back was nearly , well at the first fortnight . Considered _$ hat he was fit for duty about the 5 th or 6 th of July . " Have no entry on theu _' th . _"Deeeased made uo complaint of pain until the 6 th of July . Lid not examine Mm with a stethoscope , as lie made no complaint .

      The Coroner said , Dr . Warren ought to be acquainted with the evidence of the man Matthewson , and he would therefore read to him that part cf Matthewson ' _s evidence relating to the 4 th of July , as to the deceased's complaining to tlte doctor as to the pain in his side , and that it was occasioned by flogging , whieh Dr . Warr 6 n declared was ' _falsis . -Mr . wakloy . then proceeded to read several parts of Mattheivson _' _sjevidence as to the surgeon ' s nol seeing tbe _deceased , or attending to him , or Matthewson himself , till the day after the flogging , and as to the pains Matthewson himself had . . , Br . Warren—The witness has not stated the truth , although he was on his oath . Neither , of them complained to me at the time of those feelings . I do not believe a word of tliat statement . There is a good deal of untruth in it . ' The Coroner—Why was deceased

      removed before his death ?—It was necessary . His was a surgical case . Could not help that removal was against his consent , as it was necessary . The medical board have given directions that medical cases shall be kept by themselves , and this was a surgical case . Dr . Reid made , the post mortem examination . Have ¦ not stated in the medical register ihe cause of death , as I did not like to make any _alterations in it . Treated . deceased for inflammation of tho pleura and ; heart ; The post mortem examination was ' made on Monday , the 18 th . . Dr . Hale , staff-surgeon of the fir & t class , took down . the _observa _^ tions . I was present . Dr . lleid is a staff-surgeon .. Saw old adhesions on the right side , strong adhesions . Saw

      also slight adhesions on the left side of thechest at the back part , v The pleura was affected . The lungs were inflamed . The pulmonary arteries were inflamed to the extent of half an inoh . The pulmonary veins were very little inflamed . _, The liver . waB much enlarged , , but healthy , The kidneys healthy , and of natural size . Thc coats of the bladder were a little thickened , , Stomach and intestines quite healthy . There was inflammation of the heart , extending to the vessels and the aorta . Saw no inflammation iu the pericardium . The cause of death was inflammation of the heart and pleura . What caused the inflammation I cannot say , there are so many _cauBts of disease . = \ Yas not present at the re-examination of tho body by Mr . Day .

      After a ihc-vt adjouvriment John Hall was examined : I am a graduate of the College of St . Andrews and a Fellow of the Royal College ; of Surgeons , First-class Stuff -Surgeon in the Army , residing at 45 , _Duke-street , Piccadilly . Saw deceased on day of death in tbe evening about twenty minutes after Beveu o'clock . . Met Dr . Warren in the barrack square , and we went at once to the hospital . Deceased was at that time in a dying state . He expired in my presence at a quarter past eight o ' clock , ' Dr . Warren stated that the man had been taken ill , that he had been punished on the 15 th Of June , and that when he got worse he thought it necessary to write to the Director General , that some other medical officer should see him .- He said deceased had boeu treated for disease ofthe chest . I examined his back tliat night , and made a report that night to Sir

      James _M'Grigor . ' On the Monday I got an order for a ¦ post -mortem examination , and brought Dr . Iteid , the assistant stiff surgeon , with' me . Dr . Reid made the examination for I > r , Warren . Thc general appearance of the body was that ofa flue , tall , well-formed man ; marks of . blister over pit of stomaoli' ' bleeding ou right arm , ol a blister between the shoulder blades , and marks of punishment on right shoulder , particularly on' righ _i shoulder blade . The skin quite healed where punished . On opening the chest found the right lung firmly attached to the diaphragm . On the leftside recent adhesion of the lung to the rib , the pleura inflamed , aud an effusion of fluid twelve ounces in the cavity of the left pleura , in the cavity a deal of shreds of lymph ' , which showed the inflammation . The heart and the muscular itisaue soft , and easily torn , and inflammation of all thc

      lining cavities ofthe heart . The inflammation extended a little way along the pulmonary artery , and over tht semi-lunar arteries of theaorta . The liver was unusu ally large , the substance of tlio livtr was healthy , and uot'deceased in colour mui-h . Should call it simply enlargement of thc liver witliout disease . The other parts of the belly were all bealthy . Not examined the spine . Membranes of the brain heing first congested , and thc ereehnoid was inflamed . There was no fluid to mention in the ventricles , which were capacious . —By the Coroner : —A portion of the skin was removed to see the state of the tissues and _mucoles under the part whero most punished . They were found to be healthy . The skin retracts after removal . The muscles were not removed ; they were perfectly healthy . ' ( Tke skin shown to tbe

      witness . ) More' than this was taken away . Think a portion of the healthy skin was taken away with it . Tho boiis had been on the part ofthe skin removed . This skin had not been cut by the flogging . I mean thc true skin . It has been abraded . ( Th « Coroner here required Serjeant Potter to read Dr . Warren ' s entry ofthe Kith of June , where it said skin lacerated and swollen , and discharge of blood . ) The true skin was not cut . Should attribute death to inflammation of tbe lining membrane of the heart , inflammation of the pleura and of the lungs . Should say that thc cause of the inflammation arose from change of temperament of the weather . Was prohibited from beiug present at tlio last examination by your order . The weather was at first extremely hot , aud then in . the beginning of July , it turned cold and wet .

      Francis Read , of Stockbndgc-terrace , "Pimh ' co _, examined . —Am a Graduate of Medicine of Edinburgh , aud a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of London . Made the post mortem examination . Agree wilh Dr . Hall on the whole of his evidence . The Coroner : Canyou form an opinion as to thc cause of tbe inflammation ?—That is a most dilhV . ult question . I can tell you what bas not caused it . I think the punishment llilS had nothing to do with it , , and 1 will give you my reasons for it . Thc witness was entering into his opinions , when he was stopped by the Co-oner . Tile witness then explained the same as Dr . Hull that tlie skin wheu cut away would recede The Coroner t We will ask you for your opinions when you have heard all the evidence .

      Horatio Grosvenor Day examined : I am a member of the College of Surgeons of England . I examined tbe body of the deceased b y desire of tbo jury anil the order of the Coroner on the Thursday after death . My partner . Dr . _Mackinlay , was with me . Fouud the bod y lying in an outhouse at the barracks . Had itremovcd _' on a table in the yard . Opened the cavity of the chest and abdomen ; found the parts very much decomposed , and of course out of their original position . Heart appeared to bo rather smaller than usual . It had been opened and all tlie vessels opened . The lining . was rather redder than usual , but there was no inflammation , owing to the previous examination that had been made . The lungs appeared gorged , There was inflammation of the left pleura , butlcauuot speak of _adhesions , us the luugs had

      Theinauest Adjourned From The20th,--Upon...

      ticuw in r aler _^ _ok'it , but ( here was * nothing par-Sat that " r _eXtUre _-: Did _« ot ex _. _mineithehealor _^ _^ _£ _^ Tb \\ T _* « r ? eath * rr « £ wL JHj . _™ _-MAvc at 55 j : Charlotte-College of Sur geons sn ( 1 _D > _9 . ' _^ ' the , Royal a „ atomyatMidd , eSe ; Holia , ir ° _V _^ _Ogy and on the physiology of the _gff HwTO * A _* ° ™*« . i to examine the back orth ? d ; _. oa _T- w Cdnes _^ y , a _^ * ' yard . The interior in to 0 tdTlT _, , * ton Ch ° <* - ' t ,, ., , . v . _° Dau a state to be examined The witness read his evidenco _i _™™ « -. 1 "'* m , ne " _* .. . .. _» ., , 'uene < s 'rom a _writti-n report of the examination of the body and _« nino t _„ . _t y _•" . * ""j ¦ . :. , - " * _- ' a spine . In the course of tho examination he found a p 0 » tifttl _< _, f « , _»„« _, „„ _, disorganised and softened ; about three inches in length , and this pulpy _softeniny and _extending to the _musc-lci

      of thechest . The nerves were healthy , and found'no disease ofthe spine ., Thecause ofthe softening I believe to have been the consequence : of intense suffering while under punishment .-- Tlie following is the extract of the examination which contains the important part!—' : ¦ " On raising the _musclea or flesh from off the ribs and spine , I found a part of the deepest layer of muscles , via ., that which lay in contact with the bones , in a state of di sorganization , and converted into" a soft - _pnlp . In medical language , I should call this a r _» V y softening of the muscles . The seat of the pulpy softening wis the Mxthand seventh ribs , uear their attachments to the spine , together with their intervening spaces and the holUw Lt n _^ f _f _J- th aml seventh pieces ef the spine . ' Tho il _^ i ! i _^ t 5 lsw 6 ' _« d « _iti _' , h wn 8 ahout three inches in nrpndth Wi" ! 0 I 18 iU ° h and a " _^ _& ' tll G ' _greiitCSt 2 _LT _^ lW _66 ft fc "«» Mrt « ' »»<> _»* _Mf » "fe <* ia und _. _rlnnl « _' _f """ bet , Veen t ,, e " _< * _awblM had ! _th"PulPy ater' * _'i < ? evensodeeastheliniig

      rI _^ " . , « . P , _ZZcZ _? "f _* ! _*^ ' _«•« softened muscle being ii . abr ofT _«™ \ ith _* e _lining ' membranes : Tba ' _tportlon Of the flesh which occupied the _aroore of the spine , and nae _undergone a similar disorganization , was one of the / _?"« ? ™ own t 0 the me ( Il * oaI men under the name _ormuitificfag _spiiise . _; In addition tosoftening , _thislittle , muscle was partly surrounded with blood . " It was in the-: state medically , called ecchymosis . . The ; interior of the ' spine was in u state of extreme decomposition . TlietiB & ue between the spinal canal and tbe spinal sheath was filled ' vnth a dark coloured fluid , resulting from decomposition " . Ihe sheath it . « elf was smooth and polished on its internal surface—a state indicative of health . It was perfectly devoid of nervous substance , which had been converted into fluid by decomposition , and had flowed away . ¦ The nerves remained , and presented a healthy appearance , so , that , so . far as thespineis concerned , I discovered no indications of disease .-Two questions naturally arise out of the pr . . ceding examinationnamely— - : _•' : . ' : '

      , . " 1 . What . , was cause of the pulpy softening : of the muscles ? ¦ ¦ ¦ _-,-, , ; _.-. ; : ; _.....- . . _' ,. : , . ¦ - _- ¦ fr , ' ' . " . Could _the-state of . disorganisation preceding the pulpy softening influence the disease . existing" in the chest ? ,--. \ ., - : ¦ _-. ¦ ' _- . - __ . ¦ , ¦; . , . . , .. >;¦ : . _-. _:, ~ v _; ,: - ¦ _•/¦ : "The cause of the pulpy softening I believe to have been the excessive contraction of the muscles taking place during the agony of puuishment . _This _' oxcessive _contrail tion would produce laceration and "subsequent inflammation of the . muscles : and the inflammation , instead of being reparative , would , in consequence ofthe depressed

      Rtate of the powers of the nervous system of the sufferer , be of the disorganizing kind * which results iu pulpy softening , Had the man lived , the disorganization of the muscles would hi time have been repaired . As regards the second question there can be no doubt that although the common cause of inflammation of the contents of the chest is cold , acting in conjunction with ' physical or moral depression , and might hnre'been tlie cause . in the case ol the deceased , yet the presence of a portion of muscle in a state of . disorganization and inflammation , in close contact with the living _membriiue of the chest , might _beaded quate to the production of the same effect . Certainly " , no

      surgeon would feel comfortable with regard to the state _, of the patient , if he were aware of snch dangerous proximity . ( Signed ) V : " _EaasHns Wilson . " By the Coroner—I believe that tbis appearance , whieh I have found , as above stated , is a new discovery In sueh a change of themuscles . It is not stated in any book that I know of . extant , and could hardly have been . expected from this cause . It corresponded witk 'dak . Seat of _pairi ' arid the inflammation ofthe lungs , and since I have been in" this , room , I have become more , _convinced that what I have stated , was the cause , than . I _^ w ' _aBloefoTe . _II was not on ' the same side as tha skin was bri that had been removed . It * was deep seated , and was a rupture of a vessel by its own _sponianeous action . , The whole substance of the heart was diseased and inflamed , The disease of the heart , and of tbe lungs , and of the pleura , was the proximate cause of death . ' - _¦'• _•¦;'•¦ . ' ¦ '¦ . The Coroner—Do you think that if the man had not been flogged be would have been _alivenow ?

      , _Witness-il think that there can be no doubt that tbe man would have been alire now if he had not been _subjec . to corporal punishment . ' .. The Coroner—I . think we ought not now to go further with the medical evidence . ! Mr . Clark here spoke to Colonel Whyte , and in do ' mg so , said that the other medical men did not think so ; upon which— - _;• : •¦> Mr , Wilson , who overheard it , said the other _medhiJil men knew not the state of the ' -man until tbey heard the evidence given in that room . I should have given tbe same evidence as they ; from what they knew . I bave opened from 500 to ' 1000 bodies , and never before saw such a change in the muscles of tho back _.

      The Coroner then stilted that at the next meeting of the Jury the depositions of all the witnesses would be I read over to , and signed by , them , and after that , further evidence ofthe medical men would be gone into _' as to the cause of death , - after which the inquiry would be brought to a conclusion . - Ilr . Horatio G . Day re-called—I agree with the evidence given by Mr . Wilson , as to the change of the " muscle , but am not prepared to go the length of connecting the disorganized state of the muscle with the cause of deatb , or with the chest .: - I think that mere Conjecture . I ' do not ascribe it to the blows' themselves , but that it might have been eaused by the agony from the lash . ' ... ¦ ¦ : ; ¦ ' i : s - _- The Coroner asked Mr : Clark if he was prepared to show that th-punishment was legal . Mr . Clark here put in tbe minutes of tbe court-martial . The Coroner said it ought to have been a certified copy .

      Mr . Clark' informed the Coroner that Lieutenant-Colonel Whyte was most anxious to state to thejury what he . did really say to the regiment after the deceased was flogged . "¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦ Lieutenant-Colonel John James Whyte then stood forward , and said , what I said was as follows : — "I regretted the necessity of recurring to the punishment I had which was so disgraceful to the man and the regiment ; but I said the man had 'broughtit upon himself j -Within thelast three years lie had been brought before me four times previously for assaults , and now had ended his catalogue of crimes by a cowardly assault upon an unarmed man , and by such brutal conduct he had brought himself to tbe disgraceful state they had just seen him in . " That was all I said : I gave no directions to thc farriers , except "Goon . "

      Lieutenant and Adjutant Ireland then entered into a statement as to what took place at the punishment of deceased , which was much similar lo the evidence of the privates already givin . He . however , most positively denied that he ever told Farrier Evans to " do his duty , " or gave any directions to the farriers , except telling thera to go en when the farriers were changed _. The furriers never received any orders as to a flogging ; it was their duty to do it , and they knew best ho w to perform it . If they did not , tkey would be liable to punishment . The inquiry was again adjourned until Monday next .

      Insni Extraordinary Death Of A Missb. — On Monday

      _insni Extraordinary Death of a _Missb . — On Monday

      - Mr. Oosepu Rayue, Ueiu An Inquest At U...

      - Mr . oosepu rayue , ueiu an inquest at uie Kings' Arms , Shoreditch , on tho body of Dr . John Ohristain Ubeni , aged seventy-nine , lately residing at 19 , Duke-street , St . Mary Axe . Catherine Ubeni said , that the deceased was her father . lie was a Doctor of Divinity , and also a Doctor of Physic . Ile had been for many years one of the governors of St . Thomas ' s Hospital . On the night of Saturday last , at about liaif-past ten o ' clock , whilst she was sitting on thc bed , she called to her father , but receiving noanswer she went and shook his head , and then found ' that his face was cold , and concluding that he was either dead or dying , she went and informed a ma » _- by tiie name of Gigg , residing near "Whitecross-strcet . Upon their return to the house they ascertained that

      thedeceased was dead . Witness had not informed the people living in the same house as deceased in tho first kistauce ; neither did she call in a sureeon , because it was her father ' s wish that she should not do so . She wanted to- fetch a doctor during tbe day , hut deceased would not allow her . She had lived with deceased for twelve years , and she could not tell whether lie had left any property to any one . Tho chapel in BrownVlanc was his own freehold , Mrs . Sophia Seeker said she occupied the lower portion of tlvc house in whioh deceased resided . He was a man of very parsimonious habits , and hebegruuned himself the common necessaries of life Uo occupied but two rooms . Charles Gigg said he had worked for the deceased nearly fifteen years . After deceased was laid out , witness shaved him to save the expense ofa barber . Other evidence having been adduced , the Jury _retursed a verdict of " Natural death . '

      7 he Lati- Fatal Accident off _. Vauxiull-Bridge . An inquest was held on Tuesday , at the Feathers , Dean-street , Westminster , before Mr . Bedford , ou the body of Catherine Uatlibdnc , aged three years , daughter ef George Hathbone , shopman to Mr . n ' yld , of Charing-cross . Thedeceased was drowned iiy the upsetting ofa boat in wliich were , nine other persons , near Vauxhall bridge , ou Saturday evening . By the evidence it appeared that the party in tho boat or skiff was composed chieflv of the dancers

      _engaged at Crcmorne-gardens , who had just received their salaries , and determined on rowing themselves back to London . At Vauxhall-bridge the two who were rowing lost thc management of the boat , which notwithstanding all their efforts , first struck the steam-boat pier and next the Lightning steamer . The boat then capsised because the whole party stood upright , and all in her wero immersed in the water . Thoy were all recovered but tho deceased child and a young woman , her aunt , whose body has not yet DCCD found . Verdict , " Accidental death . "

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 1, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_01081846/page/7/