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Northern Star (1837-1852), 2nd January 1847, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7

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    • .^^^- ^ f dreip i-Hobemntt**
    • Gtolom'al anti jfomgn Jntdliacme*
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      J Us Oby 2, 1847. _ L A The Northern Sta...

      J us _oby 2 , 1847 . __ THE NORTHERN STAR . - 7 ——— " - — - . - — _^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ _***** _*' ' _^* _* ' _*^—M—W _^— _j- _^^ _jju _.. .. ... . _

      .^^^- ^ F Dreip I-Hobemntt**

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      1 Ii Aad I *-¦* ¦ *¦*"'• At ¦ East '"* W...

      1 ii Aad I * - _¦* ¦ _*¦* " _'• ¦ eaSt '"* *" * . _j __*! iould my chance so happen—deeds , ) 1 ffitb all who war with Thought ' . " „ , „ , . v nl * . I hear a little bird , who sings I _^" peoph byandby will be tke strons « . " -BtiM

      , T.Ie American Agrarian Reformers. Ffc ...

      _, T . iE AMERICAN _AGRARIAN REFORMERS . ffc announced last _weriTthe '' P _^^ _f'" % _< r , _.- . ,, mh inc . it _lamiranv , llall oi _Oftn / _^ _' _« o raticpar _tyassembhn « { _; _, „ ,, mir of some of the J . e * 3 „ _corners ; the whale of _p _. _^^; - th ( . fr t _^ _ocftd-iptedere low by t _* b _^ _^ _^ f , fi « owtnc article . _$ _"" _$ „ _organ 3 of that party , j p rVy Globe , one of the i . auiuD * _' t * _«^ 7 iri _unffliww-n » o _. _des to 1 _,, «« T « 8 OVB . E , GNTt OV THE _MOPLt . We may safely appeal to the history of every govern-J „ „ d every country in the world , to prove that p , ri ! eat _^ verei gaty ofthe people cannot exist where tbe <

      ; un e « - . , , sovere ,. Democracy . _?¦• is _me-nopofoed by the few . A sovereign Democracy , " ' , . _Uuded Aristocracy , cannot ce * -e . xut , they arc Hca _mp' _-tibles . It may be stated as au axiom that just 0 the i roportioa that the number of landless men ' _-s . in a count " , w » l the sovereignty of the people a -reasr The people of ali nations derive their chief _. _a-oort from the soil ; and when tbe soil is monopolized I ' the fw , dependence aud want are the condition of the T It is thc _highest duty of a free government to _^ feiit . 1 monop oly of the soil , as that is the only method V _^ _reser _viug the sovereignty of the people . That our ° ujtle ' smdlions of acres of rich and fer : ile public land * * of in uiiliiuitfd to those

      h Id te _elispnsed quantities tflO cs a psy 1 dollar io ceots the acre , is an act of gross - _icsiice to the landless millions " of the present and fate-re _generations . That they _sli-ul-l hi a source * of _wrenae to defray the expenses of the government is also ct . i-. i-t . These lands _brlom ; _equally to the rich and the _pesor , tli- y _" ¦ * - the property « f the whole people . The _trae ' p rinciple of raising revenue to el-fray the expenses 0 f :, wt ; rniaent , is to draw it from thc people in proportion to tl eir ability to pay , or in _proportion to the value of _tse _property each -nan has to _protect . It is certainly BBJu tti self " the lands ofthe poor to protect the prop . rtv ofthe rich . Government would allow who has

      If the every man no had to tsk * possession of as much as he could cultivate _fcrt ofDtie' ? , oratapricebarely sufficient to defray the ei _* iei *« _ei-fa survey , it would derive more revenue from puritans such a policy than it does from a sale of the land at I dol . 55 cents tke acre . It may be askeO . br those _itio ar .- not very far seeing , how this asserttoa can be proved . Let us state the grounds upon which we mike ie assertion . It wiU uot : « double , ! that freedom of the Public Lands to those who wish to cultivate them would increase largely the number of tax payers . Thousand * who no * loiter in idleness in our great cities , aad subsist upon charity , having no means to purchase land , would _, in a few years , _bee-ome independent farmer * , and tax

      pavers . They would consume largely of imports upon which duties are laid ; andit i « no _exaggeration to nssert that in five years they wonld pay as much mouey into tbe Sati _.-nal Treasury in the shape of duties a * Government _CBsrjes now for 160 acres of its best lands . The withdnwal of these _landless men , from oar cities and towns _, to _become independent farmers upon the fertile soil of the _greit West , would greatly benefit the labouring _classis in the places whieh they left . There would be sa _icereiued demand for the labor of those who did not chose tn become fanners .

      We do not intend now to exhaust tbe argument in favour of this policy in relation to the Public Domain . We simply throw ou : a few _inggestions with a view to juskeii _i-ahlic attention to oue of the most imp .. rtaut _subiectsof governmental duty . We assert that tbe adoption of this policy would enrich the Treasury of the gettrament , perpetuate the sovereignty of the people , increase the demand and comi > ensati"n for _labour , and promote the welfare aud happiness ol the American _pe-pie . While it would fill the coff-rs of the Nation ' s _Treisurr . ' . it would create a wider market for our domestic manufactures . It is a democratic measure , though i : oc ; ht not to be a par ty one . It is so abs lute _' . y _ue-Cfssaryto the perpetuity of the sovereignty of the _people tfcat * " tbe Democracy of the Union wiil be forced to adop : it . or it will cease to be the Democratic party . It

      bar firm , in a long-established , but erroneous govercniei , tdl policy , that cannot be delayed much longer . / We live iu an age characterised for its progress , and in one in which ¦• the mere name « f Democracy , without ihe sr _* . j * jK .- , is fast losing its hold on the minds ef the reflrciing men . " We . warn the intelligent and sincere worshippers at tha altar of tke _Demosratic liberty , ofthe _danger of disregarding , or attempting to check the spirit _Ofprojrsss that serksthe amelioration ofthe dependent Condition of the toiling miliums . This spirit was never so active a _3 a- , this d ; _-y . Tne time his been when its _workisfs were confined to tne great Democratic party of the Unian—it has now invaded the ranks of tbe opposite party ; and in a great majority of cases , in which oar opp mer . t * have obtained political power , their victory has been wholly owing to the infusion of this spirit iuto their raaks .

      Ties , remarks of ours , _theugh they contain _sugges . tions thnt wehave long thought of , are intended as a _msre it : traduction to the following letter we received last evening from a liberal minded man , and a pure _Dcmjcrat , who resides in New London , Connecticut . New London , Nov . 1 C , 1 S _1 G . Sir , —The Tesult of the recent election inthe State of "Cew York has convince- ! me that the _Democratic party Can no longer sustain its supremacy in this republic , on mere surface measures of reform . It must place itself or tio « _e which are deeply and thoroughly Democratic , or the _Demeicracy will leave it and join some other party , as ti ± y are already too intelligent to be _longar deceived with party names . They desire realities , possessing intrinsic value , and will have them , being convinced that

      _arU-oiratie institutions and usages have been engrafted _itpo .: - . his government by wicked men , wbich must be l » prd o _* _J , _« r tbe government cannot stand . They are _aware tbat machinery of tbis government and the machia-ry of our social system do not operate harmoniously , aad _tiat their inherent opposition to each other is the eaus- of this mighty evil . They kuow tbat this governceat is based on the _sovereignty of the people , and see clearly that the moneyed power , _sustains our social system , imported from monarchial Eiglandby our progenitor ? , and not changed when ihis government was e *« _tablishrd . It is fe . rfully obvious to the Dem _.-cracy that oar mouarchial social _systsm is rapidly destroying the sovereignty of the peopl-: of this Republic , and sinking them to a level with the degraded subjects cf kingly despots . Already they behold , with soirow , in the manufacturing establishments of the moneyed power ,

      _scvereigi : operatives _degraded and oppressed by sovereign proprietors and overlooker-. Iu the _agricultural district , sovereign tenants and sovereign landlords , sovereign wages slaves and sovereign employers . On the _ccean , sovereign common sailors and sovereign officers . In a word , they see in every direction the sovereign poor asd the sovereign rich , soiereign _bczgirs and sovereign * i-ii'i : c » ires , foodless , clotheless and shelfless sovereigns , md _svvereigns who tare sumptuously every day , are clothed in purple and fine linen , and dwelt in very costly aul splendid mansions . Tnese sights , aud tbe appalling truths they manifest are rapidly convincing the Democracy that tbe machinery oi our social s * stein must _operate ia accordance with the fundamental principles of osr government , or the sovereignty of the people will soon te destroyed , and the government become a complete moneyed aristocracy .

      In _visw of these mighty evils , aud the dreadful consequence * that will be produced by them , unless they are speedily destroyed , the Democracy , will insist upon the » i _Jpticn of measures the most potent lor good , the mo ; t _prv-feand , and the most efficient , Neither a high nor low tariff , nor even free-trade will satisfy tbem . _Measures mast be put in operation tbat will _perma-Sezuir _derate labour aad thus prevent the destruction of the _sovereignty of the people . _Legislation must cease to be a passive instrument of the monied power to rob tie labouring millions and aggrandise the _nou-labouring thousands ; but it must do justice—perfect jastbe . It mast i _. _j-operate with those who obtain their bread by the sweat of their brows to democratise onr monarchical so-¦ Ail system , by the enactment of equal and righteous laws . The sovereignty of the people of this great nation must _tiot be a falsehood , but a truth—practical , and not theoretical . Our property system must be based on the

      _fcqMl rights of the people , aud operate in accordance with them . The slaves of capital must be emancipated ia every part of this Republic , and the workers upon the _laa- * and the sea be placed in a condition to work for themselves . _Bonnd 3 must be set to the rapid strides of Cruel avarice towards universal dominion ; and the most industrious , most useful , and most virtuous portion of humanity he freed from its iron grasp . Land monopoly "Bust le annihilated , and the people ' s land placed beyond the reach of capital , and within the reach of labour . It ffinst be possessed , in limited quantities , by actual settiers a * id cultivators of the soil , aud not by speculators ; and effectual barriers mast be set up , durable as time , against the inroad of capital upon it . On this land a _ioundstion must be laid deep enough , broad enough , and strong enough , to sustain , permanently , a mighty Landed _Dernorracy , without wbich a pure Republican govern-• aent ciu no more exist than can a monarchical govern-• _Sent without a Landed Aristocracy .

      Iu c _. y bumble opinion , measures less far-reaching fed rulical than the _abovenamod will not be approbat-d *>} _t-.. t Democracy ; I hope , therefore , that the _Demoera'ie P _' rty , as the party of reform and progress , will not only * _j-vt them , bat do all in its power to carry them into Sect . By so doing , it will not only be the majority party , _"f't w ; , l soon become the party of the millions in _oppofcu-in to the party _« f the thousands . Will the Demo"ate j arty act wisely t I hope it will . Your ' s truiy , Ciubles Douglas . . _, _A-tvr reading the above , can any sane man doubt -j- ev ritual triumph of the American Agrarians ? 1 _'•* article in the Globe called forth the following _£ ; _*•» in the New York Tribune ( of Nov . 21 st ) the - frit < _rga n of the Whigs :-

      _Jht Glok of yesterday has an able and truthful ' _^ -er _.-u the necessity of a . radical reform inthe mode _^ _iwiag of the Public Lands , introducing a _cogeutletter ft ** _Vr . Chulet Donglas of New London , Conn , urging e Si-tie truths , " which in aubstance bave been _re-*^^ : y _comaemitd in our columns . * " « » * T 5 » e " - _"i tuiaUy cenfciKi that the reifn of _Sbus Scmoctfts-r

      , T.Ie American Agrarian Reformers. Ffc ...

      is over— that it lies buried in the political coffin of its contriver and master spirit , Salas Wright . ' The party which has so long flourished and fattened on the perverted name of Democracy must now take a step forevard or lie down irrecoverably in the trench wherein its own faithlessness to principle has thrown it . Is not this worth far more than its Cost ? It is . The defeat of the ** Democratic" party at the recent election is already laying the foundation for the triumph of real democracy . The " _De-mocrat _**" must advance or peri _** h as a partv , makin- way for thc National Reformers ; any way the triumph of Atrrarian Reform is certain . . « « . * _A _ti ~~ hn _«* l : _** AI »¦ _*• ¦ mr , - .

      President Pok finding himself short of montv io carry on the aggressive war against Mexico , has " recently advertised twelve millions of arces of the pub-He lands for sale , to enable him to command the " needful . " Of course these lands wiil he _bought ap bv speculators ; to the exclusion of the mass of the American people . Polk himself in his message to Congress , before he had _enjancd in the wicked war against Mexico , denounced this system of land-selling in the following terms : — It his been found by experience , that in consequence of combimtion of purchasers and other causes , a very small quantity ot the public lands , when sold at public auction , communis a higher price than the minimum rate established by law . —The settlers on the public Iand « are . however , but rarely able to secure their ' homes and improvements at the public ' sales at that rate ; because these combinations , by means of the capital they " command , and their superior ability to purchase , render it impossible for the settle to compete with them in the

      market . By puttin * down all competition , these combinations of capitalists and SPECULATORS are usually enabled to _purchaie the public lands . J _& _T INCLUDING THE IMPROVEMENTS OF THE SETTLERS , at the minimum price of Ihe government , and either TORN TDE"d OUT OF THEIR HOMES , or EXTOtT from _th-m . according to their ability topi . y , DOUBLE or QUADRUPLE _, the amount payed for them to Government . After eulogizing "the hardy pioneers of the West , " he added that "theyshould be protected from the grasping speculator . " lie now affords to speculators the opportunity of buying at once six times the quantity of public lands they have been heretofore able to purchase in one year : and the " settlers" will be driven from their homes unless they can compete with the speculators on the day of purchase .

      One of tbe recent acts of the National Reformers has been the adoption of the . following _resolutions in relation to this iniquity : — Whereas , nearly twelve millions of acres of the People ' s Lands are now advertised for sale hy the President , to speculators , _notwithstanding tbat tbis Association and its auxiliaries throughout tbe United States have been fur two yews remonstrating against the traffic in tbe People ' s Lands ; and whereas , the President himself has informed tbe people , in his first message to Congress _, that the combinations of capitalists and speculators "by means of the capital they command , and their superior

      ability to purct as ** , render it impossible for the settler to compete * Mth them in the market . " and that "by putting down all competition , these combinations of capitalists and speculators are usually enabled to purchase the lands , _including the improvements of the settlers , nt the _miirlmnm price of the government , and either turn them out of their homes or EXTORT from them DOUDLE or QUADRUPLE the amount puid for them to the government ; " and whereas , we believe , as the President _xpressed himself in that message , that the settler " should be protected from the GRASPING SPECULATOR , " therefore

      Resolved , That we solemnly PROTEST against the proposed sale of the People ' s Lauds . Rc _5- > lve 4 , tbat t ' _-e landless people bave a risht to the free us * of the public lands in limited quantities as actual settlers , and that it ' is thc duty of the government to secure that right . Resolved , That should the proposed sales of the People ' s Lands tothesp culators be effected , they ou ? htto be considered null and void by tbe settlers and by thc community . Resolved , That ? a copy of these resolutions he . transmitted to the President , and to each member of his Cabinet . ~ On the _subjects ofthe " war" and the * ' sale of the public lands , " Young America remarks : —

      Already two or three ' thousand poor men have been sacrificed in this aggressive Mexican war , and their wives and children , relatives and friends , _throughout lie country , are now mourning their loss , in numbers of whieh the election tables m » y enable you , Mr . Polk , to form some idea ; and yet the game is still to be carried on , and tbat , too . by stealing the people ' s lands and _increasing the number ofthe landless ! Better , by far . to stop tht war at once , on the easiest terras you can , or even to back out . You ar .- in the wrong ! The paltry dollars due fo some _s _. f our rich capitalists might have been cause for _non-iutcrconrse , but could not authorize one mangled limb , much less all the slaughter that has been enacted . Tl-. ose who were houseleess and homeless in our midst far more demanded the protection of the govern _, ment than the speculators who could afford to send pro

      perty out of tbe country . "S _* _Wil ! the speculators dare to buy these lands ! And if they do , will the standing army be increased to protect their purchases from the Anti-Renters that will spring up upon them ! These ' questions are worthy of consideration where it is uot too late . Some of thera may bt bought , as it is no doubt intended they should be , bj s ' _lave-hoUers ; but is not this a pretty way for a de . mocratic administration to " extend the area of freedom t" Well may the " Union" call public ( speculatorsi ) attention to the fact that no such opportunity wil . be likely _r-gain to ocenrof obtaining " such large _bodie-f of fresh and fertile land . " , at the land sales ; " for if tin public a : t- ntion were not already aroused to the stupendous iniquity of this government land-jobbing , most assur _«* dlv this " manager's last kick" would wake it up .

      We have now brcught this sketch of the history o tlie _A-rrarian Reformers down to the . present time ; a few words will suffice to conclude , and first as regards their principles . Tlieir bend of Union as has been already etated is a "Pledce" which binds the persons subscribing ti it to vote only lor the candidates for public officer * who v , i ! l undertake to support and rote for the reforms set for in the _Association ' s " pledge . " Thi first * pledge , " adopted at the outset of the society ' s exisience was in our estimation faulty , because not going far enough ; as , however , that " pledge" has been seta > ide for another and a better , there is no need for us to state our objections to what has now ceased to exist . The amended pledge is as follows : —

      NATIONAL REFORM ASSOCIATION PLEDGE . * We _whoss names are annexed desirous of restoring to man bis Natural Right to Land , do solemnly agree , thai we will not vote for any man f _.. r the Presidency or Con . gress who "ill not _pledge himself in writing to use all the influence of his station , if elected , to _preveat all farther traffic in the Public Lands of the States of thc United States , and to cause them to be laid out in farms and Lots for the free and exclusive use of actual settlers ; or for any man for the Governorship of the legislature who will not so plenge himself to the freedom bl the Public Lands , to the limitation of the quantity of land to be obtained by any individual hereafter in thi ' State , to the exemption of the Homestead from auy future debt or mortgage , and to a limitation to ten ofthe hours of daily labour on public works or in establishments chartered by law

      We think this " pledge" is unexceptionable . The reforms t ! erein set forth once established in the state of New York , will speedily be demanded and enforced throughout the Union . Should this happy _consummation come to pas , America will have no need to war , rob . aud murder to add to ner territory ; ou the contrary , nations will be too happy to " annex" on the understanding that they arc to be equal --havers in her ( tben ) glorious institutions . The men who are engaged at the head of this movement appear to us to be fully competent to work out tbe great objects of their mission . G _> -or » e 11 . Evans , John _NVindt , Lewis Masquerier , W . J Young , J . Comeford , Lewis Ryckman , John De La

      Montayne , Henrv Beenly , Egbert Manning , James Maxwell . Dr . Lagham , Ransom Smith , T . A . Devyr , II . _Beenlv , M . T . O'Connor , Albert Brisbane , A . E . Bovay . Mike Walsh , W . West , \ V . L . Mackenzie , and Herman Krige , are amongst the best kBOwn of a whole host of talented and energetic men who have devoted themselves to this great work . Besides these , are such eminent men as Parke Godwin , Josiah Warren , W . H . Channing , Gerrit Smith , and Horace Greeley who though not identified with the Association _cive their support toits objects . Wc say nothing now of the patriotic and talented men who in Pennsylvania , _Massachusetts , Illiaois , and other states of the union are working in this great movement . Weshall bave occasion hereafter , we doubt

      not , to record their names . Young America , thc principal _journal of the new movement , after struggling with enormous difficulties , is , we believe , at last thoroughly and successfully established . The Reformers of Pennsylvania have two or three journals devoted to their cause , one of them a " daily" with a very large circulation . " The Voice of Industry" and other papers in _» _Massachuseitesare identified with the movement ., and so likewise , are several papers published in Illinois , Michigan , Ohio , and ' other states . Mr . Devyr . besides the Anti-Renter , is engaged with some friend * in attempting to establish a daily evening paper in Albany ; we suppose and hope that Mr Devyr will be thc editor : he has our warmest wishes for his

      _succi . 33 . 1 he principal organ ** of the " Democratic " and " Whig" parties in New York , the _GM-eand the Tribune , ire both favourable to the new movement , and their inHuence will do much to accelerate success . Several " Liberty" papers come out boldly for the whole of the principles and objects of thc National Reformers . We have seen with much satisfaction that , in the recent election some of the most enlightened of the " Liberty ? party , ( the Slavery Abolitionists ) , havo heen the first to cast tbeir lot with the Reformers . This is well this proves them to be thorough haters of slavery—white as well as black By adopting the Reform principles , they will find that they have not _on' . y done right , but they have also done well ; we aro convinced tbat the true po f tkg . _AlitiitimrM Trill to ( 9 unite with

      , T.Ie American Agrarian Reformers. Ffc ...

      National Reformers , it being understood that thc latter wi II rote the abolition of blaok slavery . This tbe Reformers will do , and will also guarantee a real freedom to the emancipated—exemption from wages thraldom as well as whip slavery . We might say much more , but we have already exceeded the limits to which we should bave confined this article . Henceforth we shall tnkc care not to fall into arrears with our American friends , but as fast as the arrivals come to hand , we will duly announce their progress .

      With earnest and hearty wishes for their success , wc conclude this sketch of the history of our brother Reformers . As they have struggled _aqainst adversity , calumny and hostility in the past , so will they have to struggle against , other difficulties in the future . Not ths least of these difficulties will be the crafty wiles of party charlatnns and political adventurers , who will try to take the lead of the movement for their own selfish and villanious ends ; but of such knaves wc shall have no fear as long as the Reformers held fast to their great palladium "the pledge , " and that our noble friend Evans stands to the helm .

      Gtolom'al Anti Jfomgn Jntdliacme*

      Gtolom ' al anti jfomgn _Jntdliacme _*

      India And China. Despatches Have Been Re...

      INDIA AND CHINA . Despatches have been received from _Marseilles in anticipation of the overland mail , which left Bombay on the 16 th ult . The news from the kingdom of Lahore and the new kingdom of Jummoo represent them as both cropped np by the British troops . In Jummoo there are four armies besides the troops of tbe numerous mountain Rajahs . The four armies arc—first , tbat of Ghoo ' ab Singh , who is struggling to obtain possession of his purchased _sovereignty , composed , as it is , of the mo * _-t discordant materials ; second , thc army ( the strength ol wliich is unknown ) of the Sheik Kman-ood-Deen , who . secure in the valley of Cashmere _, refuses to submit to Ghoolab , - third , the force

      under the Lahore general , Tej Singh , which has cone on the ( to thrm ) most repugnant mission of fiehtir . 2 * _*¦ " the traitor Ghoolab ; ' and fourth , the two British divisions commanded by Generals Littler and Wheeler , who are in possession of Jummoo , the "anital . which they have undertaken to protect for Ghoolab , while he himself is encaged in the field . The position of Ghoolab is ludicrously critical . He has no i _icht or title to the sovereignty of the _Ilaza-•• ah ( or hill-country ) , save that he bought it from the British , who were never in possession of it : and as he is looked upon as a traitor bv the Sikhs , and as an

      infidel by the Mahommedans , he can huv . !'<• hope , except through bis money ( the spoils of Runjret _Singh's treasury ) and through the protection of the British . lie has bought and paid for the government , but the Hill tribes , who are Mahommedans , refuse _alleciawe to him . The British authorities cann-t waste blood and treasure in putting him in possession ot mountain districts which he will not be _al-Ie to hold . II- is becoming daily more and more embarrassed and indebted , and will have to yield the rule of his newly-acquired country to other petty sovereiens . who may , perhaps , pay him tribute for a few seasons .

      Sheik Emaa-nod-Deen , whose resources appear not to be understood , has contrived by various shifts to put off the day of surrender until the snow tell in November . Thc latest news from Sir John Littler * . * - force , whieh w ? _s encamped at Bukreewallah Ghat , on one side of tfie Cohennb , and Brigadier Wheeler on the other , is to the effect that they were all disappointed at the non-surrender of the Sheik , which ought to have been effected before the 30 th , but had not taken place . The united Lahore and British forces were delayed several days by heavy rains . From Scinde there is no news of importance . Sir Charles Napier was at Kurrachee , where the climate « as pleasant . Preparations are going forward for the removal of five native regiments from Scinde in the course of January or February next , unless their presence should be required by any disturbance without the frdntiers . In the interior of India tranquillity prevails .

      NEW ZEALAND . Wkllingtos , July 25 . Tiie Native ( or Maori ) Chief Rauparaha , or , as he is familiarly termed by the whalers , Robulla , who is a relative by marriage ofthe rebel Chief Rangih & ietta . has laterly professed great amity and friendship for tbe Pakehns ( or white men ) , and has been visiting the camo at Porirua constantly , and had interviews with the naval officer .- - , and , only ten days _•• ince , with the governor , but has always refused tn ioined them in attacking Rangi . By those who have known him for years , and by all the friendly natives

      he is considered the most cunning , crafty , and theacherous of all the Chiefs , and it now appears he lias been playing his usual double game . An emissary nf his was arrested . with a letter on him ' rom Rauparaha addressed to Rangihaietta , in which the former informed the latter that he had arms and ammunition for him . The result has been the arrest of Rauparaha and three or four others , ' _aether with thirty-seven stand of arms , and six or ¦• even kegs of powder . The _prist-ners will probably he sent to Norfolk Island . A reinforcement of troops ias just arrived from Sydney .

      GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND . Some important _documents respecting the future ¦ ovemmentof New Zealand , have just been published , of which the most interesting is that containing the instructions from Earl Grey to Captain Grey , the Governor . This dispatch is _accompanied hy a copy of the New Zealand Charter , which reoeals that of 1840 . and creates powers , municipal _legislative , and administrative , by _authorit-- of the , Queen . The following extracts will afford our readers an idea of these documents which cover more < han an entire page of the daiiy journals . Thc first relates to the establishment of the New Zealand Constitution : — " For the institutions established under the

      - harter of November 1840 , it contemplates the substitution of municipal corporations tor the government of each separate district which is or skill be _•• ettied by colonists of European birth and origin . Every such district is to he erected into a borough ; erery such district is to elect a common council , from wliich are to be chosen a mayor and court of • _ilde- _'men' every such common council is to elect members to serve in a Ilouse of Representatives , forming one ofthe three estates of a Provincial Assembly . For this purpose the whole ofNew Zealand is to be divided into two or more provinces . In evcty such Provincial Assembly , laws will be made ' rom the province hy the Ilouse of Representatives , by a legislative council , and by the Governor , who together will constitute thc provincial legislature .

      But as there are many topics of general concern to all the inhabitants of New Zealand , respecting which some uniformity of legislation and _adniini _.-tralion will be indispensable , it is further _provided that a General Assembly of the New _Zealand Islands shall be holden by the Governor-in-Cliief . Tbat General As-embly will be composed of himself and of a Legislative Council and of a House of Representatives , * but no one will be a member of the legislative Council of the General Assembly who is not a _' so a member of one ofthe Legislative Councils of the Provincial Assemblies ; neither will any one be a member of the Ilouse of Representatives of the General Assembly who is not a member of one of the Houses of Representatives of the Provincial Assemblies . "

      For the purposes above mentioned five superior appointments will of course be necessary—a Governor and Lieutenant-Governor for each province , and a Governor-in-ehifcf ; but for the present all these offices will be combined in two persons , the _superior remaining with Captain Grey , and the lieutenant-governorships heing given to Mr . Eyre , of _Australian notoriety . The members ot legislative councils will be appointed by the Crown . With respect , to the inferior , hut hardly less important appointments , these , . 'it seems , are to be intrusted to the colonial authorities . The despatch states , that from the institutions above

      described" Will flow all insubordinate powers , judicial , fiscal , magisterial , or ot whatever other name they may be . The respective Legislatures will pnigrtssively mould these derivative _organs of _Government into such forms as the _exisencies of society will require . To a great extent it will be competent to ttiuse Legislatures so as to mould even the institutions which the charter itself creates , by regulating tho elective franchise and the whole systems of elections , municipal aud legislative , caro having been taken that no such enactments be either repugnant to tho text , or at variance with the spirit of the act or of the charter . "

      The " sale of lands" is thus disposed of . All public lands not actually cultivated by the aborigines are _eleclaied vested in the Crown , which is also to have the exclusive right of purchasing from the native tribes . But individuals , as distinct from tribes , are to be free as heretofore to dispo .-e of their own property . This matter is explained in the following extract * . — " The fir & t and most important step which you will have to take with the view of hitioditcing a

      regular system with respect to the disposal of land will be to ascertain distinctly the ownership of all the land in the colony . The extent and limits of all that is to bo considered as the property either of individuals , of bodies politic or corporate , or of the native tribes , must , in the first instance , be determined , and tho whole of the remainder of the territory will then lie declared to be the Royal demesne . The results of this inquiry must be carefully registered , and a regular record henceforth preserved , showing to whom all the lands of New Zealand belong . "

      The principles of the proposed system are then declared to be—* ' That the power of the Crown over land should never be employed for nny _purpsse of patronngo , influence , or favouritism ; that the Crown shall not be at liberty to m . f . _ktt a gratuttous alienation of any extent of land , , however small _> except with a view to public _wqjcJjb , io - _fjjicli the . _wWe society aw _Jmt _&

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      a more or less immediate interest ; that the alienation . of suchJiinds to any private persons , or for any private purposes , shall _alway" he preceded by a careful survey ofthe land , and followed by an immediate registration of the grant ; that no such alienation shall be made without a previous public auction ; that at all such auctions all lands shall be offered for sale at a certaiu up-set price ; that the selection of the lands so to he put up to auction shall ho made exclusively by the Government ; that the up-set price of each lot shall depend on the class in which it is placed , thc throe classes being town , suburban , and rural allotments , tlio last class heing again

      subdivided into lands which are , and hinds which are not , believed to contain valuable minerals ; that lands once offered for sales by auction , without finding a purchaser , may afterwards be purchased without at ction at the up-set price ; that the first application oi the land revenue must be towards defraying the expenses incident to the administration of the Crown land department iu in all its branches ; arid that the surplus or net land revenue _nhould be applied towards the introduction of manual labourers from _thi-i country , unless when the exigencies ofthe public service may render the application of it to other local purposes indispensable . "

      The third and last point of importance is the manner in which tho aborigines are to be dealt with by the colonial _authorities : — '" The laws and customs of thc native New _Zealanders , even though repugnant to our own laws , ought , if not at variance with the general _principlesot humanity , to b " . for the present maintained for tlieir government , in all . their relations to , and dealings with each other ; particular districts should be set apart , within which such customs should lie so _observed . .... The _chief-i or others , according to their lunges , should ho allowed to interpret and to administer their own lawn . Even beyond those precincts the same _practice should be followed in all cases , whether civil or criminal , in which the natives _ale-ne have any direct and immediate interest . "

      FRANCE . A _Tkhrific Stokm visited France on the 22 nd . A number of ve- * sel * have been wrecked on thecoa-t . Several towns have been inundated . The storm of wind and rain was accompanied by thuuder and lightning . The French democratic journals of tho lust few days have contained some excellent articles on the I'olUh question , but wo have no room for extrao ' . s .

      SPAIN . Thk Nkw _Cohtks . —The _iCourt or _Afranccsado party , that is , the Government ofits naming , should the present one fail , will have a majority of between 170 and 180 in the _Cm-tes . Several soldiers of this _garrison have nearly been frozen to death , and contracted fatal pulmonary disorders , in consequence of not heing permitted to " wear their cloaks during the intensely cold weather we are experiencing . PORTUGAL . The Civil War . —Nothing decisive yet . Baron Cazas , with about 2 , 000 of the ; Q ' _-iecn ' s troops , lias been in the vicinity of Oporto , trying , by me ns of bri ! ery , to get up a revolt in the town , to favour his attack ; his plans , though favoured by some paid agents , covered with British privileges , have not succeeded , and the consequence has been the arrest of many people , and the discovery of a number of arm * and a quantity of ammunition ; as weil as to

      manifest tho weakness and demoralisation of the Queen's Government , who have no confidence in tha forces , but only trust to seduction . The citizens show no disposition to flinch , but , on thc contrary , seem determined to fight it out , and as they muster about 4 , 000 well-armed and tolerably well-drilled men , it docs not seem likely that the Queen ' s tmops will he able to force their way in . The _Miguelites are progressing . There is no doubt that _Macdomilil has a _well-srganised force with him , of about four thousand men in the Minho ; that Dom Miguel has been proclaimed with all the formalities in the several town 3 of Minho , _Trasor , Mantes , and Beira Alta , where Juntas _arr organised and governing tho country in his name . Everything in Lisbon is at a complete stand still ¦ the Bank notes at a discount of 25 per cent , with few or no purchasers ; all the silver has disappeared ; provisions are rising in price , and _distress and despondency the prevailing feeling throughout all classes of society .

      SWITZERLAND . The new ambassador of France in Switzerland , Count de Bois lc Comtc , present ! d his credentials on thc 16 : h to Dr . Zehndcr , President , ' of the Federal Directory . Expulsion of a German Rkfi : gkk . —The Government of Zurich has recently ordered the expulsion of a political refugee . This individual , a Prussian subjeet , named Ileinzen , hail been denounced to the Swiss authorities by the Bavarian Government , as having lately published at Zurich , and spread throughout Germany , to the numberof several thousand copies , a pamphlet entitled Thc German Tribune . The text of tlie judgment pronounced _a-.-aiin * t him is— " that lie has violated the conditions under which political refugees obtain a legal asylum in Switzerland .

      GERMANY . The _Ci'MMUxist _Abbhsts . —We understand that the greater part ofthe persons arrested here at Berlin on the Oth of this month , on suspicion of seditious intrigues , have heen already set at liberty , and only six now rema ' _ni'undcr arrest . The person whom the authorities announced to be most deeply implicated is a young merchant ' s ch-rk , named _Otten 3 ossor , wiso is accused of having read prohibited pomes in a public place .

      GREECE . Lord Palmerston has been administering a " gentle reproof , " to M . Colletti , denouncing the Greek Ministry ' s " system nf bad _government , " which truly says the English Minister has crc : iteel * ' briganda e , _opv-resssion , murders , and insecurity of property . " To this M Colletti , with matchless assurance , replies : — " No ; robbery , violence , and murder arc not enci'Uia » ed in Greece by the fact that they are left unpunished . Everywhere , and always , notwithstanding numerous obstacles , thu firm willofthe Government has caused the laws to be respected . Tho life

      and property of peaceful and laborious men are in perfect safety . " This specimen of political lying , is sufficiently exposed by the fact that thc very arrivals which bring _ua tV . _Colletti ' s " reply , " also bring the accountof a long list of atrocities committed by tho brigands , in which robberies , rapes , and murders committed _t-pon unhappy victims of both sexes , shine conspicuous . We have no room for the revolting details . Greeco is in a wretched state . Why do not the Greeks kick out tbe imbecile Otho , and the rascally agents of tlie old mischief-maker , _Louis-I'hillipe ? There will be no repose for Greece till this is done .

      UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE .-rROGRESS OK THE WAR . The New York packet-ship , Ashburton , Captain _Howland , arrived in Liverpuolou Tuesday . Thc President's Message was delivered to Congress on the 8 th of December . General Wool took peaceable possession of Man clova on the 30 th of October . The armistice has broken up , and General Taylor has again commenced hostilities . Colonel Doniphon took the city of Chihuahua , without resistance on the 2 nd of November . It was rumoured that another rcvrlution had broken nut in Mexico , and that tho Santa Anna party had declared him dictator .

      TIIE MESSAGE . This document comprises ten closely printed columns ofthe Morning Chronicle , yet of all similar documents it contains the least matter worthy of being reprinted . Of the ten columns not less than seven are occupied with a defence of tho Mexican war . It is impossible for us to do mora than indicate the general tenour of this monster message .

      PROSPERITY OF TUB UNITED STATES . Fellow Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives , —In resuming your labours in tho services ofthe people , itis a subject of _con-jratnlation that there has been no period in our past history when all the elements of national prosperity haye been so fully developed . Since your last session no afflicting dispensation has visited our country ; general good health has prevailed , abundance has crowned the toil oi the husbandman , and labour in all its branches is receiving an ample reward , while education , science , and the arts are rapidly enlarging the

      means of social happiness . The progress of our country in her career of greatness , not only in tho vast extension of our territorial limits and the rapid increase of our population , but in resources and wealth , aid in the happy condition of our peeple , is without example in the history of nations .. As the wisdom , strength , and beneficence of our free institutions are unfolded , every day adds fresh motives to contentment , and fresh incentives to patriotism . Our devote and sincere acknowledgments are due to the gracious Giver ot all Good , for the numberless blessings which our beloved country enjoys .

      FOREIGN RHLATlONS . It 58 a source of high satisfaction to know that tho relations of the United States with all other nations , with a single exception , are of the most amicable character . Sincerely attached to the policy of peace , early adopted and steadily pursued by this Government , 1 have anxiously desired to cultivate and cherish friendship and commerce with every foreign power . The spirit anil habits of thc American people are favourable to the maintenance of such international harmony . In adhering to this wise policy , a , preliminary ami paramount duty obviously consists in thc protection of our national interests from encroachment ov sacrifice , and our national honour from reproach . _Thcso must be maintained at any hazard .

      THK WAR WITH MEXICO . The existing war with Mexico was neither desired nor provoked by thc United States . On the contrary , all honourable means were resorted to to avert it . The President then proceeds to relate the causca which led to the war , asserting that ; --i

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      The wrongs which we have suffered from Mexico almost ever since she became an independent power , and the patient endurance with which we have borne them , are without a parallel in the history of modern civilized nations . l ' he following extract will give an idea of the

      CHARGES _AOAINST THE MEXICANS . scarcely had Mexico achieved her independence , winch the United States were tlie first among thc nations to _acktioivle , _! :,, _* _, -v _' _-cm she commence ! the system ol msult and spoliation , which she has ever m ! _£ _S ' ' _° lu' cai - " ; ,, s e > _W _« l - _*¦ •¦¦• vlul com _' _rlTilZFl _^ T _" ' - •¦* ¦ -- ¦ _«•*¦*! . " _^ ized , nnd our flag insulted in her port * . If money was wanted . Ill ? ' h ? _' ' n A " , lsc _- < tio „ ol our merchant vessels and their _cawes wa , ,. _,, ltdr resoll _,. . . _„„ , it to tlieir

      accomplish purpose it became necessVrv to imprison the owners , _eapui ,, * , atl ( , ,. it _* done . Rulers supersede rulers in Mexico in _r-n . irl succession , but still there was no chan-i' in the _' _svtem of depredation . The _government oi tin- _United Stater made repeated _recJamatinns on behalf of i _;* _cit-zens _* , but these were answered by t ' . e _perpeti-a _" - tion of new outrages . Promises cf redress ma ' _d-bv Mexico in the most solemn forms were postponed oV evaded . The files and records of tin ; Department ol State contain conclusive proof of numerous lawless

      acts perpetrated upon the property a . nl persons uf our citizens by Mexico , and of wanton in .-ults to our national flag . The interposition of our Government lo _oi'ta / ii redress wns again ami _a- > ain invoked , uu der circumstances which no nation ought to disregard "It was hoped that these outrages would cease after the treaty of amity , commerce , and _navigation of , April 5 , 1831 , was concluded between the two It-publics ; but this hope soon proved to bo vain . " The President , then proceeds to relate the several ctt ' orts of Presidents . ? _iie-k-. oii and Van Bureti to

      obtain " _redrc-s , ' which were unattended with nnysuecess beyond lair promises mi the part of _tlieilF-. _iult-rs . Ncgociations between thc two governments at luiutli resulted in the " convention of the ll'h of April . 1830 . ' for the adjustment of claims of citizens of the United States of America upon the Government o : the Mexican Republic . '" Tlio mixed commission , was , according to tiie convention , to sit not more tiian eighteen months . Ac thu conclusion it was found that only a portii . n of the United Stat--. * * claims had been considered . The Mexican commissioners , however admitted claims against their _-.-overmiieiit to the amount of " two millions , _tweuty-t-ix thousand one hundred and thirty-nine dollars aiid sixty tight cents . " Time to cash up was _asl . eil for " by ihe M _.-xicans and granted . But tins debtor- bave Ions ; since exhausted tlie patience of their creditors ; and Mexico has " twice violated the faith of treaties" bv " tailing or refusing " t- pay the money .

      THE ANNEXATION OF TEXAS To the United States c instituted no just cause of olfeiice to Mexico . Tlie pretext that ' it did so is wholly inconsistent , and irreconcilable with well authenticated facts couut-cted with the revuliiiiun by which Texas became independent of Mexico . The President then proceeds to relate the history of Texas from tne time of the overthrow of ' tho _Spanl-th power in America to its annexation to the United States . Alter giving bis own ver .-ion i . f this _hUto'y , he adds : —But there arc _tlinse who , c . needing all this to be true , assume the ground that tlie true western boundary of Texas is the Nut sees , insicad of the Rio Grande ; and that , therefore * , in marching our army to the ea » t bank of the latter river , we passed the Texan line , and invaded the territory ( or Mexico .

      To refute this assumption the President gives a " simple . ¦ tatement of facts , " intended to prove that the Rio Grande was always the western boundary ot _Tex-is . On the annexation of Texas , hostile demonstrations on the part of Mexico , induced the United States government to prepare lor War . Thc United Stales _fe . rct's proceeded to occupy thu east bank of tlie Rio Grande . There they were " attacked by Mexican troops , who _crivSit-d lroai tho opposite side of the river . Thus , after all the injuries we had received and born Irom Mexico , and alter she h . td insultingly rejected a minister seut to her on a _mission of peace , and whom she had solemnly agreed to receive , she consummated her Jong e ' ourae ot outrage against our country , by commencing an oft ' cioive war , and shedding _| the blood of our citizens uu our own soil .

      The President then relates thu several" Jioiiourablo elforts" made by him to obtain peace , and recites the various revolutions iu Mexi- o within this Jast two years . He accounts for Santa Anna being peruiiUeil to pass through the blockading fleet on his return to _Moxicei on the ground that Santu Anna was _beliuveu to be friendly to peace between thu two countries .

      SUCCESS OF THE AMEKlC . lN' AK . MS . 1 congratulate you uu the success winch has thus attended our military and naval operations . In k » s than seven months alter Mexico _c' _-tutuciit-ed hostilities , at a time selected by herself , we have taken possession of many of her principal pons , driven back ami pursued her invading army , and acquired military possession of the Mexican provinces of Now Mexico , New Leon , _CoaiiujJa , T _. -unuuiipa _!* ., and the California * , a territory larger in extent than that embraced in the original thirteen States of the Union , inhabited by a considerable population , and much ol it more _ihau a thousand miles from the points at which we had to collect our forces and commence our movements . By the blockade , thc import and

      _expert trade of tho enemy has been cut off . Well may thu American people be proud of the energy atid gallantly of our regular and volunteer efticers and soldiers . The events of these few months afford a gratifying pn of that our country can , under anj _einergt-iicy , e -nfidemly rely for the maintenance of her honour , and the defence ; of her _rii-hts , on an effective force , ready at all times _voluntarily to relinquish the comforts of home for thc perils and privations of the camp . And though such a force may bo forthe time expensive , it is in the end economical , as the ability to cemmand it remove's the necessity of _empl-. ying a large standing army in time of peace , and proves that our people love tlieir institutions , aud are _uwr ready to defend and protect th . m .

      THE WAIt TO BE CONTINUED WITH VIGOUR . The war wiil continue to be prosccut-d with , vigour , as tin : best - . Means of securing peace . It is hoped that the decision of the Mexicau Congress , to which our last overture has been referred , may re-suit in ft . speedy and h-n . iurable peace . With our experience , however , of the unreasonable course oi tiie Mexican authorities , it is the part of wi » d _. » . n not to relax in the energy of our military operations until the result is made known . In this view , it i _* . deemed important to hold military possession nf all thu provinces which havo been taken , until a definitive treaty of peace shall have been concluded aud ratified by the two countries .

      The war has not been waged with a view to conquest ; but having been commenced by Mexico , it has been carried into the enemy ' s country , and will be vigorously prosecuted there , with a view to obtain an honourable peace , ami thereby secure ample indemnification for the expenses of the war , as well as to our much injued citizens , who ho . el large pecuniary demands against Mexico .

      MONEY WANTED . Near the close of your last session , for reasons _communicated to the Congress , I deemed it important ., as a measure for procuring a speedy peace with Mexico , that a sum of money should be appropriated and placed in toe power of the Executive-, similar to that which had been made upon two former occasions , during the administration of President Jefferson . The reasons which induced me to recommend the measure at the time still exist ; and I again submit the subject for your considirition , and _suggest the importance of early action upon it .

      Tho President then recommends that Congress should immediately " provide by _J « w /'«• the trial and punishment as pirates of Spanish subjecU who shall be found _yuilty of privateering against the United States . " He adds the recommendation thai Congress " should immediately provide by law for letters of marque and reprisal against _vessels under the Mexican flag . After stating the receipts and expenditure of the Treasury fur the past year , from which it appears that a debt of upwards of six _milli-ms of dolhus has heen contracted since March , 1 S 1 _*> , the President proceeds to demand

      A LOAH IF _TWRNTT-TlinKU "M 1 I . M 0 ' _* S . In order ti prosecute thc war with Mexico with vigour and energy , as the best means of _bringing it to a speedy and honourable termination , a further loan will be necessary to meet the expenditures lor the present and thc next fiscal years . It the war should bo continue d until _tbeSO . h June , 18-13—being tho end of the next tiscal year—it is estimated that an additional loan of twenty-three million of dollars will be required . This estimate ) is made upon the assumption that will be necessary to retain constantly in the treasury 4 , 000 , _00 fl > of d _.-llars , to guard against contingencies . If such surplus were not required to be retained , then a loan of lD _. _tJOO OuO oi dollars wonld be sufficient . If , however , Congress should , ' at the present session , impose a revenue

      duty on the principal articles now embraced in the free list , it is estimated that au additional annual revenue of about two miliums and a half , amounting , it is estimated , on the oOth of June , _ISiS , to four millions of dollars , would _l » derived trom that source ; and the loan requ n d would be reduced by that amount It is estimated , also , that should Congress graduate and reduce tho price of such of the public- lands as havo been hmg in the market , the additional revenue derived from that source would be annuall y , for several Years tocomo , between halt a million and . a million * rf dollars ; ane ! thc loan required may bo _veduccd by that _auwut also . Should these measures be , adopted , the loan required _woulil not probably exceed IS or 19 millions of dollarsleaving in the treasury a constant surplus of _foui millions of dollars .

      l'he President then proceeds to speak of tho net passed last session " to reduce the duties on imports , " and at some length eulogises the system of ' tree trade . " These congratulations aro immediately followed by the suggestion for laying on NEW TAXES . It is submitted for your consideration whether it

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      may not be proper , ns a war measure , to _impose re venue duties on some of tho anieles now _emb-aced in the Ircc list . Should it Im . deemed proper to impose such duties , with a view n . raise _n-venuo to _m-t-t the expenses of the war with Mtxicn , _m-tj avoid to that extent the creation of a puhli . i debt they may be repealed when tho rmorgencv wh'ch give rise to them shall _ocaso to exist , and constitute no partot tho permanent policy ofthe country . THE _rt'IH . _IC LAN us . The importance cf graduating --ml _relm-ins the

      price of such of the public lands as have been ' lon « offered in _ifl-i _marl-i _.-t , at the minimum rate -mtJiorised by existing laws , and reman unsold , _in-hice me again to _recommend ilia _t'tl-ject to your lavooia-! i ! o consideration . Many millions of ai _* re _< nf these lands havo b ' uon off . icd iii the ma . _'k . t i ' _lirmon * than thirty yrars , ami larger _quantitiewfnr mure than ten _oi-twenty years , and bcin » ot an inferior quality they miK-t remain _unr-aleahle fnrnn indefi-lito periml , unless the price at which thoy may bv _jun-chaMtl shall be reduced .

      Itcair . ot be a sound policy _t-i withhold large quantities ot _th- > public binds from die use ami occupation "t our citizens , by _lixing upon tbem pric * s which experience has shown they will not . comiiiand . On the _C'lir . rar . v , i _» _;< a w ; su m ) yl ( , y < -if }' ,,-, ! facilities to our _citizons to become the owners , at , _luv nml moderate rates , ol liv uhohls of iheir own , instead of _Imn-s tlieir J , ! n ; , n t | . nnd d .. peii , _lant » nf other-. If it Iwappre-. - -i . de . that t ' icsu lands , if reduced in price , would besecu . o , , „ U . o _,. ., ntitii ; sbv _, , , _* . _„ _, . _,, ' _, „ . _, _. i ' , VV . . _' » i " , "i , _- " -y ' _'•• • ¦ ¦» t « _' _* ted , in limited _qn .

      _in-ADD'TMNs T . I THE ABMY AM , NAW . _Ireeoinmon _. l toy . mreariy . _*„„ ¦ | iW ( iai _* , * b ! e consideration the _^ H _,,,, pr ,,,,,,,,.,, _, th (! _^^ War for sn ., c ! , \ y ! , _!; , „ , „ _,, | In | , lllk al „ , _«^\ , \ regular army , tor us _areaH-reHicienov in tin * field and hr _raising an additional force to 8 Brve ' during tlm war with Mexico . s J _reci-mineiiil >„ wmr favourable consideration the _proi-nsitiiin to add to each of our _foreign squadrons an ebicient ten .-. tiainer , and , as _csiieeiallv demanding ¦ it _tciitii-n . the establishment at _i-ensa- ' ola . of the nci-.-ss--. ry means „ f _r-pairin- and lvlittiin- the _vi-.-sels of the navy _i-mpJojed in tiie dull' of _M-xico .

      CONCLUSION . With full reliance upon ill- * wis . _' . unand patriotism of your deliberation * -. , it will be mv duty . a < it > . vill be my anxious desire , Id co-operate with \ im in every _Ciii'stiiiitiiinal effort to promote the _wlilatu and mainlaiu the honour of our cummmi _e-iuntry . , Jam us K . Poi . k . _Vtas ' _iint-ton , Dee . 8 , 1 S 4 G . Since ti . e dispainh of thu .-iw . uuts bv the _nacket ship Ashburton , the packet ship Jr . l . n ' R . Skid . lv , Captain Luce , has arrived in the _Mcrse-v with ailvics f ' riiiii . New Y ,., k lothe ISth inst . " inclusive . I'lio present acciniiits are not unimportant . The suneral aspect of the war had _unders-mie mi material change . _^ The ononuioiisof the American force'had been cliii-ilyciiiiriiied to an advance against Sal i ; lo , thi- investment of . Mmiclova , ami the garrisoning of _Tampico .

      _O-ir nccouiits Irom Washington extend to the c ! o-e ofthe 10 . - . h inst . Tho proceedings nf the Senate since the _openin- of the session onihe- 7 _* h had been almost oi * entirel y confined to 1 he transaction of ordinary business ; and a resolution of instruction to the Military Committee to inquire _int- » the propriety of ¦ inmtiug 1 G 0 acves of land to each vol . inteer serving in tin * war , and of increasing the pav , had been adopted , and a bill had been introduced to 1 rjaniz _* a territorial « ovet-timent over _tlsc _Or-a-m . Th .- _proceediiiiis . f the House of Ueprcsen ! a _** _ivts were more intiiresting , and a sharp _diseussiwu upon the _M-xican war took place on the 9-. Ii inst . _upo-i a motion of Mr .

      Davis , calling upon the President for copies of all orders to _j-encrals and commander * , relative to the establishment of civil governments in territories conquered during the war . On the _lOch thc discussion was rc-iiinu'd . the motion being so modified as to make further _de-manda of the President , calling on him to state , _through the Secretary at War , whether tbe present war with Mexico was wnccd wiih a view to conquest , or to what extent he _designed to prosecute it . After a sharp _disciis-don the question was informally pass d over ; and the house adjourned to the 14 _'h inst . This attack upon the Executive was thought to be the prelude to a more serious onslaught at some _future and not distant period .

      POLAND . MOBB RU 3 SU . V nAKB . lRlTIKS . 1 ' _nonr-, Due . 15 . - While nothing of political innV eiiciis passing on this side ofthe- frontiers , thc accounts ' rom Poland arc very melancholy . _Djiniciliai-y visits and arrests !* till continue , and _wcll-informi-d persons affirm that the number of persons imprisoned in consequence of the attempted revolution amounts to 300 , many oi whom , after a vexatious inquisitorial proceeding , have been banished to Siberia , and others hanged in the citadel of Warsaw . Tlie noblemen find themselves suspected by the _^ overnmeiit , and believe that their ruin is intended , and the more so because thc late half-measure

      relative to the emancipation of the peasants seems to threaten their property and their personal safety . It has frequently happened that th « peasants endeavour tn _ii-alh'o by violence the promise ** - which have been nvule by the _government to grant them landed property , and attack the estates of their lords , who _O'l their part complain that the government does not sufficiently protect them against the violence ofthe peasants . Everv traveller , whether a . foreigner or a native of Poland , is obliged to sign a pnp » ' r in the Polish , German , and French languages , in which he _dcHilaivsthat ho has no letters , books , notes , _ttc , with him , otherwise he is to be punished with all the rigour of the law .

      Tht ; Frankfort Journal of thc 27 th inst . publishes the following uxtr . ict uf a letter from Berlin , dated December 20 , " The fate of Poland is decided . It i < to receive the title ol New Russia , and is to be divided into two Governments ; viz ., that of Warsaw , and that of Lublin . Instructions is to be given in the Russian language ' . Prince Paskiuwitsch is to be replaced by Prince _GortsekikoiY . "

      The Case Of Poland. To Tiik 1-Eoflb Of O...

      THE CASE OF POLAND . TO TIIK 1-EOFLB OF OIIUT BRITAIN AND IRELAND . Wc havo read with great pleasure thc several manifestations of public opinion lately manifested in this country iu relation to the late subvevsiim of the Republic of Cracow , But ns regards the much talked of treaties of Vienna wc think some popular errors cxi .-t which need correction . Citizens of Un-at Britain and Ireland ! It is your sacred duty to watch over the honour and safety of ycitr country . No doubt it is a noble duty . We , Poles , enjoy ing your hospitality will not , and cannot , interfere with your national rights : but wc _!*; _nv our sacred duties , our national obligations , our unalienable rights , to declare to our friends , and to elgfend them against our enc'iie _.- _* . Wc therefore solemnly declare before you and all the world _.

      I . That the three European governments had no right to mutilate , to divide , and dismember the Polish empire in 1772 , 1793 , 1705 , and never cau rij-htlully ,-v quire tl . at iniquitous usurpation . _II . That the European governments in 1 S 15 , at the _coiigfc-s of Vienna , by sanctioning the former _disni' -mL'crmeiits of Poland , acted _a-iiitist all human and divine laws , and became participators of the horrible crime , committed by tue three northern tyrants in 1772 , 17 _' . ' 3 , 1705 . _III . That the Polish people were not either abettors or participators of the treaty of Vi _^ im i . i 1815 , _therefore the Poles arc authorised by ad _oiviim and human laws to take up arms at every _proiiitions moment , at every opportune ) tune , tor n-conquering their ancient independence , their sacred n itio _.-ality , and their impreseiiptiblc rights as p _^ _s-e-s-d la-lore 17 * 72 . For _tho-M * rights they iov > giit in 1701 , 1 S 07 , 1801 ) , 1 S 12 , 1 S 30 , and 18-16 .

      IV . 1 hat to invoke the treaty of 1 _^ 15 against the seizure of the Crncovian repub ir , is 10 _ai'kr _. _o-vleilge the validity of that cone-res *? , which _sam-iinm-d the dismemberment of ancient 1 _' nMnd _; whicn established the hereditary _Musi-ovitiulymsy in Poland *; which _uphf-ld the slav _.-rv uf tne Polish people •„ which _slignnuiifcs thc _ulnriou _' ivvoiii ! ion of lS . 'k ) -a rebellion , and tin ; Poles _•* _, < rcbvls ; in one w » ru . to involve tho treaty of Vienna i » fo act a--.-iiii . st the regeneration of _i'ui-vul . ami _ig-iinst the- restoration ofits ancient independence-as it was before the _vaar I _ii-t . V . That all future _arrangem-mts which _ni-w . be made hy the _Kuropt'au -... _vimim-iie .., _iV' _-.-widing Poland , without the consent * . ! the Polish \ _-mtple , wiil not bind the Voles , .-. nd will bu _cimstiU-sed as nugatory anil void bv the Pules .

      CituciM of ( _irv-at Britain and Ireland . Such is the case of Poland , sueh are the sacred _duties and inalienable rights of ihe Polish people . Jl yon olfer ytiur fraternal service , let th > sc _yi-ur _smive-s be in _aci-oi'ilanee with ihe rights oi Poland . L-t these your services bo fur the ve-estitbi ' -hnicntot tbe ancient , entire and _imle-poiulaiit _Polaai ) , n ;> t for the _restoi'ittioii of thu now cxploaelcd and abominable treaty of Vienna . Signed by tha Committee of the Polish people , on behalf of the ( _ii-om . ida Praga . To . Bui'KUwii-x , _Sei-roiary . J . _Si'ciikaka _, President . 10 th of December , 1810 .

      Bankrupts,

      Bankrupts ,

      [From The Gatetttof Tuesday, />Ccem"Ii!R...

      [ From the _Gatetttof Tuesday , /> ccem " ii ! r 2 ll . ) Mary Ann _Slienston , Brewer-street , Somers Town , scale ) inanutacturer—W . W . Colem . 111 , Southaniiitoii , provision merchant—II . Brewer , Great Waltliam , Esses , draper and grocer—J . It . Morris , Kiiigstoii . _upon-Ilull _, boot and shoemakcr—i ! . V . Moore , Plymouth , chemist aud druggist —I , Norton , Birmingham , builder .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 2, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_02011847/page/7/