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Northern Star (1837-1852), 2nd October 1847, Edition 3 of 3, Page 3, WTTERS ON GRAMMAR. No.e. TO THE WORKING ...

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      '" T '""' " # " T ' " " ' ^ Flgb & Y, • ...

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      """^ Ihe Powba-Loolt Toa-Ver. •N Te-Iia ...

      "" " _^ IHE POWBa-LOOlt _TOA-VER . n _Te-iia _rnsheart , fmd * nao _^ eM ltiIii 8 eye , tt _tt _^ _rer _Tiews the _rapidihtitUe fly , ii ioidst the _nerjydin of whirling wheels , As _^» erthed _! tarmMinP * a » demoti & nn _« te * a « - Co _toi _^ g h * xd _a 8 & B _& mt _&» J & _tpovHT , Fr From early inora till midnight _^ latest hour , In _Inh-ated « _ta- _^ - ' - _rtofmo _* .- mdfire , B He sUwei for life to gain a scanty hire . « why doe- be toil ? To live in luxury ? c Go to bi « _gartet—maik This penury !

      0 Oni « ne » i - ' , na-Ienl > of _f » g _» aad _attredi , T The t » u * l compound ofthe poor man ' s beds , _1 _jiei infant innocence condemned to die , 1 _Xhjrf' ( _fettca"to _*^' mayoatheirvdvet lie ; " That daug btcw may tbeir gratalationi pay , ( _Or _attto _baUinbltmondahlateawny , _lahopesto captivate _sorae lordling twig , ' And g _** * - _- - * * •* _* - ¦ 'honoured , sprig •• , ft- Bke Did Cci , to Florence . France , or Borne , _] Depart _»•« -- —hotcfrcethetTadc ' sa . ttome , _^ Whilst daU friend Drab i _ _t left behind to smile j And blandly talk of * freedom ' s _SavourM isle !

      j Freedom ! alas ; how misapplied the name I < Go , view it in tiie weaver *" - blighted frame ; Mark well hi * pallid cheek and sunken eye , How oft bursts forth the groan of agony ; Behold his wretched partner ' s palsied hands As e ' er her dying child she trembling standi , Or torn * it to ta » t breast which shall no more Yield forth the nurture that oft flowed before While _aliaronndi-pestilentialair , Grim-visaged want , and never-ending care .

      Is this the class who'd ease tbe _toHers'woet , HU wants relieve with eomfert , fooci , and clothes , Or think , with Sterne , 'that winter ' s chilly storm ' Is temper'd to tbe lamb hat sewJy shorn f How Tain the thonght ! they treat ye as their slaves , And leave ye to yonr base igneble graves : The felon ' s cell , and bastile—these are thine ; And racking tortures if ye dare repine _, like worn oat garments ye axe cast away , Despised , insulted , base bom , useless clay .

      How long will ye , the bees of Britain ' s isle . Support the drones who fatten on yonr soil *! How lang permit your native land to be The grave ef _freedom—home of slavery , "Without an efibrt made of heart and mind . In _nnltjr witk all yonr fdlow kind , To _hnrl despotic power from ite throne , And raise aloft fair freedom ' s sacred dome _. Be firm , unite , assist the glorious cause-Proclaim aloud your right to nature's laws ; Or calmly wear the chains of tyranny , And leave your children heirs to slavery . Despised live—detested die and rot , Unmoum'd , nupided , bated and forgot ; And desolation dire shall make the grave Of him who lived and died a willing slave . Manchester . Enwm Gill ,

      A Chartist Song. Bt3ihb.F. Foster . Be W...

      A CHARTIST SONG . BT 3 IHB . F . FOSTER . Be watchful , be patient ; be steadfast and true ; The goal of oar freedom is ever in view ! As storm wearied mariners anxious te see A glimpse of the morning , snch watchers are we ; And tare as the sun will rise over the wave Shall liberty shine on the good and tbe brave . Se patient—the seed that is set ia the ground In secret repose th while seasons go roand . go 4 nietly wait we ; and sore as the day fiiveth rife to the seedling , will pride melt away , Aad prejudice , like the dark clods ef the earth , Fall back and give Freedom her glorious birth .

      Be steadfast . —Ah 1 list not the voice that allures ; Tbe heart that we prize is the heart that endures ; 5 _ar heed ye the sconnnge , the mocking * of pride ; Those she cannot oppress , she will seek to deride . Be steadfast!—in purpose and heart we unite , Demanding of man hat humanity ' s right . Be true , —for the banner of troth is onr flag , We straggle not now that a puppet may brag ; We fight not for pageants and shams of the port , Sat into the future ear vision is cut . Truth , troth is onr standard , whose magical word Is mightier than scourges of fire or sword .

      © a , on—Gke a current nnrufned and deep _. That none dare oppose in its powerful sweep ; On , on with onr canse , and it shall not he long Ere Right shall destroy the dominion of Wrong ; On , on 1 fer already dark tyranny cowers . Oa , oa ! and the Charter of Freedom is ours .

      &*&!#&?

      _&*&! _# &?

      Revelations Politiques. Les Trois Victim...

      REVELATIONS _POLITIQUES . LES TROIS VICTIMES . Pas is Corns ss Wiluseob . [ PoliticalRevelations . Tke Three Victims . Bythe Count _deWillbrod- ] London : Armand , Eathbone-place . ( _OMtmudfixm the Sur of September 18 tM Taerewere , thea , at Grenoble , whea Didier arrived fkre _, all tie elements of a _revolertion . On the one hod there were men Inclined to stretch their power te its utmost limits -on the other , hostility , or at least indifference , to the present _govermaent in a large portion of an enlightened population ; mistrnatofthe ew order of tMnga , and a perfect readiness on tbe pat of soldiers and officers , to march nnder the first

      Jader who _shoald wave a tri-colonred tanner , or inrake the name of the Emperor . At _Quaii , "Didier hag taken np his quarters with mold officer of tie Esapire , Bntn , le dromedaire , ( the dromedary ) , so called because he had had the esmmand of the guides in the Desert daring the _Egyptian campaign . Gee evening , preparatory to & "rider extension ef his revolutionary mission , Didier assembled all the troops , and the inhabitants of Quak , _whoraBBUK the Dromedary had enlisted in the service of the conspirators : Didier harangoed _iheassembly with vehemence and indignation , on the

      _nnhappy efiteta of tiie rale of priests and nobles in _Fracee , and by _hiseloqnence made a deep impression tm the Blinds of his hearers . When the motives of the insurrection had been discussed , and his own part assigned to each actor in the drama , Didier read , in the midst ofa profound silence , a powerful and energetic addre 3 ? , which concluded in these words : — Frenchmen ! all yonr blood boils in yonr reins , your indignation is at its height , fear the consequences ef its excess : jou will fall into the snares laid for yon by the common enemies of France . Let not tbe most jtut , and noble , and sacred of causes he injured by rashness ; let ss save France from tyranny and from Jacquerie .

      Strength is generous ; onr forces are immense ; let bs abmit the developement to invariable roles ; indulgence far the past , a cordial welcome to converts , respect for Pirate rights and property , death to traitors ; let these te Seized , hut not punished by the people ; this is a hwof honour , justice , and order , which public safety _fenands , and which enght to be inflexibly observed . _And you , whe , in the blind fury of its envy , the Holy Affiance wonld exterminate , as a chastisement of "fear valour , yon , soldiers ! shall be avenged . Be-ive to Bid tbe Army of National Independence ; and let as _"serit _, by oar conduct , that heaven should protect ( he "Sort holy of enterprises , and that all mankind should EWe tbeir prayers fer its success .

      ' What are yon chattering about V exclaimed the Dromedary , impatiently ; ' There is not one word of tlte Emperor in yonr address . Speak of the Em-Poor . ' 'Yes , yes . ! replied Didier , * I will arrange all thai . ' He folded np his address and pnt it in his Pteket . They separated , bnt Bran , who held fast by his Own idea , and conld not conceive of a revolution ""¦ hick had not for its aim the placing of the Emperor or Ms son on the throne , left t & e hail with him .

      Two men were the chiefs of the insurrectional movement in the mountains of Oisan 3 , where Didier | M arrived early in the January before his arrival _, at _J _£ _ons : these were Dusserfc , one of the old guides of we army of the Alp 9 , a ra 0 f a fa _^ g and adven-« roos character ; and _Dorif , an ex-moire , a man of more cautions disposition than the other . brom _Oisans , Didier descended to Mure , where _« b remembrance of Napoleon ' s triumphal march waa J _« fresh in the minds of the people , and where he lotmd numbers of old officers and retired soldiers , * toneeded bnt a word to take the lead in an insur-« enon .

      Wh erever he went , Didier followed very much tbe ** ie course in enlisting the sympathies of the P _^ _P'e , and preparing the downfall of the Bourbons . _*™* o _** ghtheintrignes of Metternich , he received the _* - * _" * consent of Austria , whilst at the same time he *" - * assured of theconcurrenceof England , provided _^ conspiracy shonld result in the profit of _theDuke _wy rleios . ( This fact is registered in the secret _^ r t _ofM . P-uis , t ! omnassaryof police at Grenoble . ) _J-wat pains were taken to enlist , _notonlytbeoffi-«» an < Lsoldiers on _half-pay at Grenoble , bnt also ™» young students _^ at the Military College . Not _n - ? . _* _*^ _8-- _! a man who was one of theconspirators nW < _jT J ? - ef 18 -6 . revealed the means emrSn _^ _^* - _-ontl- " - -he cause of Didier , and Stff « L 5 letfer from that <* ief t 0 an oM officer b _wif _* - ? _" _* ' " _> _« Mch occurred the _follow-« B words , evidently pointing to the Duke of

      Or-* _tKSS _r '' fromMrK _" tyona _* . given pledges its bann _!™ _? eed 0 m * wbolu - bravely fought under •" _ot-Z _^ L a ° _** wIlos ! Uberal _epinions _, which he has _iwf _^ _* * 0 tb £ f meaAera "" ae family . * _htsSSl !? eral _^ nnadien _^ c > mmandant of _^ oKL _^ _tfe ° _^ He was * determined royalist , for vaW _hon _^ _S- _Vtf bore a _*& _<*™<** arrivedaic _^ A _™* , _^ - % - _«•< - he the _-AliuSr _& _SbJ - "" _SH att _« ltioa of

      Revelations Politiques. Les Trois Victim...

      Minuter of _Pdice ( Deirue _* _vffieSr atth were _perfeetijJrantpil _, aid < fi ¦ _SmfSSt ' _^^ n _^ J «! i _5 ell , 0 J . n of _GrLd-Lemps _^ dSt _nrlrfS _^ _M _l _? _dIea _• 7 Ullout _wait _* - « _K far _*&&* the T _& _Ztl S 15 " ™ mf ° _*« n-ent eighty men from a _£ _ Z _^^ er measures , snch as tBerecal ofthe solw . _"f . _^ _re . on batf-pay from Piedmont and _aavoy , and the exile from the Division of 3 officers of raw- who were considered as violent BuonapartiBts , cotnpleted tiie preparations which , in the estimation of the Prefect and Commissary of Police , were to ensure the tranquillity of the department .

      Jtunnymede ; Or Magna Charta. A Historic...

      Jtunnymede ; or Magna Charta . A Historical # Tragedy . By Jobh _WarailfS . This ia a pamphlet containing _sixty . four pages of nonsense , arranged ih imitation of blank verse , and called a Historical Tragedy . Why it has received this nickname from the author , we are at a los 3 to understand , it being in utter violation of Lord Byron ' s raid , ' All tragedies are ended by a death ! ' Indeed , there is no fatal occurrence _throughout , unless we can so term the signing of the Magna Charta ; this is tiie only ereat in the play , and as it , moreover , forms the / note to the sixty-four pages , we may fairly conclude that the author looked on it as a very melancholy circumstance , and one that quite justified bim in terming his work a tragedy .

      We are , certainly , bound to allow him the merit ef originality , in having placed that great event in an entirely novel light ; but we must , at the same time * beg to assure onr author , in all friendliness of spirit , that he has entirely misunderstood the intentions of nature , in supposing she ever designed him for a votary of the _muBes . His _wonld-be tragedy has no poetical merits ; he does not understand nature , and he is entirely ignorant of history . The only ground on which we can conscientiously commend it is , that it will prove a valuable opiate , shonld an ; one require artificial aid in courting tin embraces of sleep .

      Consuelo.-Bt Geob-3-B Sum. For Ita Intri...

      CONSUELO .-Bt _GeoB-3-B Sum . For ita intrinsic merits , and as tbe production ef 9 woman ' s pen , this isa singular and interesting work ; displaying greater power ot _reasoains _. _morelmewledgeof life and hnman character , and far greater boldness nf utterance , than often characterise the writers of romance . The plot is not so well constructed as it is brilliant and-original ; adorned by tae gorgeous tratings ofs redundant _imagrnatioa _, and breathing througho * - £ the spirit of truth . The actors are drawn with a masterly band , they are real in aH they say , and do , aad think ; and in spite of the _wildandimprobable « n * cnmstances which-surround them ; tbeir « ndeviatingconsistency rivets _andsustatnaour interest . { Seorge Sand paints nothing by halves , she -ieiights in told _oatlines _and-strong reliefs * tbe vices she ponrtrays would render devils mere damnable , _wktle her virtues migbt adorn asgels .

      _€ ott 3 neie , the heroine dfrais novel , isa vocalist , eadowed with talent , which uawearyingradustryren ders wonderful . She is a glorious picture ef a woman . AngoJete , the betrothed ef _^ ber early yon th , is a Venetian of great genias and personal beauty , bnt idle , -vacillating , and destitute -of prinoiple . The sequel displays _sectitudeef heart , and steadfastness of purrjose , triBtnpbing-over the obstacle of-birth and fortune weife flpfcndid -aiilities , tusagtained "by principle , and "unimproved by study , soon -become _stcbservieirt to the laser passions , and 'helo

      to plonge their -wssessor into vice . This work , though it says-little _direeibj-on the -sabject , inspires an elevated love of liberty , and a detestation of tyranny to all its phases ; the dominion of superstition , the usurpations of kings , and the insidious , hut _aU-engressing _nmcence of mind over-mind ; tbe _unpercewed tyranny which affection ,-in its self-indulgence , exerts over its object . 'George Sand-would teach * as « eZ / _-cnlture and _^ -reliance , and _the-more such sen "imenteate disseminated , the better . * We shall look forward with mueh pleasure to tne _< _eontinuatloa of this very brilliant -and powerful romance .

      The Labotjkieft, A Moshhj Haytmne Of Mit...

      THE _LABOTJKiEft , A _MosHhj _Haytmne of Mities . literature , _Stetry . dx . Edited by _Fearg-os O'Connor , ME ., and Ernest Jones , bsq . London * Northern Star Office , 16 , Great _Windmill-street , Haymarket . While ether Batisns have ta seek the attainment of their rights on the pathB of tear and-bloodshed , it is tbe happy prerogative of England to realise ite social redemption and political liberty _< _on the ways of peace . Since the Charter passed through its stormy ordeal , all-minds have beea directed to a more healthy _tnodeof reform , convinced , that though _fonnsofgovernSKttt _^ Hay be amelierated'b-r force of jams , yet , the . domestic condition of a nation rin--dergoes an additional-blew bv the _derange-nents and

      ¦ convulsions attending _physical revolutions . It was left to the genias of one asan to prepoand . and to the spirit of the people to embrace , a plan that , while it ameliorated the _soeial condition of the masses at the same time , and 6 e this , well remembered , armed tbem with political power , and the means of resisting tte onslaught « £ their enemies : it has , literally , prowd a rampart thrown ap around the camp ofthe Chatter : —such is the Land Plan . Founded on the requirements ofthe age—and here is the great secret ofite unparalleled success—it is at once bold ia its eeneeptien , consistent in Hs details , and startling in itis results- Men were beginning to grow tired ofthe artificial -abour-market , and tamed to nature ;—hunger in the factory contrasted strangely with

      plenty in tke field ; and tbe _ great Reformer of our century wisely caught the tide ot re-action , and is guiding it io t prosperous career . The' Labourer' of this month is ttevoted to a Treatise on tbis great subject from tbe pen of Mr O'Connor . We will briefly review , Firstly—The data on which his Flan is bated : Secondly—The _necessity for its existence : and Thirdly—The advantages derivable , the safety and security of the scheme in all its branches , ana the means advocated for rendering it _national . I . Two great elements of prosperity , the one passive and the other aetire . the Lira and Labodb , had

      evidently been long neglected , or abused . History points tothe fact , not only at home , bnt _abroad as well ; not only in recent times , but in remote ages , that in the same proportion in whieh these have been overlooked has national prosperity declined ; or been fostered into a hotbed growth , whose unstable vegetation was sure to perish at the first change of the political atmosphere . This great fact , and the unparalleled misery existing among the working classes of Great Britain and Ireland , led to the establishment of the Land Flan , whicb is based on a just estimation of the value of the Land , aad of _agricnltural labour . Thus says the author ;—

      Tfeeproa * Bce of the land is tbe thing , the Only thing , in nature , which gives value to gold " itself , and value to every other commodity tbat is purchased with gold . The land is ths only raw material upon which per . manent and unchangeable security can be given . No man will lend his money npon mortgage secured npon cotton , npon wool , upon cows , npon horses , or cloth . The land is tbe only commodity tbat sells in tbe market with _sometaing like regularity of price . Tbe land is the only raw material out of wbich the husbandman can coin that exchangeable medium , which he can barter for every necessary of life , and every luxury . The land is the only raw material , bv tbe working of wbicb , the real value oflabour can be ascertained . The land is the only source from wbenee man can draw every article of consumption , and every article in use .

      When a man sits down to big breakfast , every thing in tbe room , everything on the table , the table itself , and the room itself , is produced from tbe laud . When a man rises from his bed , he should understand thatthe bed , tbe bedstead , the furniture , sheets , blankets , counterpane , and everything in tbe room il produced from the land , When a man dresses himself , he sbould understand tbat every stitch npon his back , and every particle in which he is clothed , is produced by the land . If he reads , he sbonld understand tbat tbe paper , ink , and covers , are all produced by the land . If he drinks , he should understand tbat the glass , the decanter , are all produced from tbc land . If ' he smokes , tbe pipe and tobacco are the produce of the land . So tbat , in short , everything useful , everything usable , and everything exchangeable , comes frem the land ; and , therefore , tbe land is the HINT OF LABOUR , from wbicb tbe moneyer coins bis livelihood .

      The value of the Land is further proved by the effects of its possession on the condition of the possessor , as illustrated in France , Belgium and Saxony , where we are reminded of a clever stroke of nolicy i ontbepartoftheking , who—Knowing that the possession ofthe land could alone ' confer security open the throne , and comfort upon the subject , issued a commission to value the estates in his dominions—tbe aristocracy imagined that tbe object was to subject them to a graduated scale of taxation and tbe King allowed them te furnish their own esti _' - mate of the value , aad at that price he compelled tbem to sell the amount required forthe employment ofthe people . The value oflabour as applied to the land hasbeen too plentifully illustrated in our times to need a comment , and is admirably summed np in the following passage : —

      Can any man tell me , tben , what there is in the nature of an Englishman , in the character of an Bug . Ikhmau , in tbe love of independence of an Englishman , or in the quality of tbe English soil , whieh _' would render England and the English less valuable for af ricultural pursuits tban tbe land or the people of any other country ? or in point of political economy , in which they have been abundantly instructed by tbe professors of tbat science of late , have the English people discovered the greater advantage to be derived from capricious labour and from slare labour , tban from continuous labour and free labour ? Or , bave I again to remind tbem , tbat tbe landlord ' s rents , the parson ' s tithes , tbe tax-

      The Labotjkieft, A Moshhj Haytmne Of Mit...

      _gatherer ' s demands , the farmer ' s profits ; tbe blacksmith ' s profits , the wheelwright ' s profits , the trades- ' nun ' s profits , and the shopkeeper ' s profits , are one and all derived from the profit made npon labour IJ The value of this labour is , however , not enjoyed by the labourer , and here is the secret of the misery existing throughout the United Kingdom ; hence arises the necessity for the Land Plan . IL—Under the present system by whicii Great Britain is governed—A considerable part of her population is wholly employed in manufacturing for the other nations of Europe according to the natural order of things , tbis part sbould reside in those countries wbich give it employment ; for it is on those countries that this part ofthe population of Great Britain is dependent for its provisions ; by which means she is exposed , not only frequently to suffer the evils of dearth , but to be menaced with the horrors ef famine .

      By this forced system , which aims at manufacturing for Europe , mUUoos of tha people of Great Britain depend en the caprices and changes which takes place in the surrounding nations ; whereby , all at once , whole classes are deprived of employment , and , in full health , reduced to the condition of beggars ; by wbich tbe poor and the poor rates ef Britain are greater than those of all the nations of Europe together . Again , the cultivation of colonies byagency is injurious te the labouring classes . Monopoly prices can alone compensate the . proprietor ' for the waste

      and neglect occasioned by his absenee , —and thus commodities are placed almost beyond the reach of the poor consnmer at home , while the home soil is neglected on account of thB very sums expended in colonial and mercantile conquest . This position is beautifully proved by extracts from a work of General Arthur O'Connor , whioh , written at a distance of fifty years ago , foretells tiie pre sent results of British policy . This effect is further heightened—By the unjust and impolitic laws of primogeniture , entail , and settlement , and tbe equally ruinous law of commonBge of lands .

      Again , to quote from the above-named author , by which—At least one half of Great Britain is without culture or produce . Bvthe \ % w of _prlmogenitate , vast _ttactsof Und are made the estate of an individnsl who cannot sell tbem , or even lease tbem , except for a few years . But it can never fee the interest of any man to expend his labour or capital oa uncultivated _la-tds , where -. considerable part-of the produce is to be paid to another as rent , and ob a term too short to enable him to get back his capital . Ko n » _s will work tbat another shall reap the rnaits of iris labour ; yet it is < ja tbis priueipte that the « dvocates for the Hws of primogeniture and _'oemmo-sage of hnd expect that men will expend their labour and capital . A further cause of tiie depressed condition of the people ist & e large _ftwm-syflm .

      at is these farms , - ( says Ur O'Connor , ") these nuprofi-i _tableifsrms , tbat have led to tbe slavery < of the tEnglisb ! " ¦ eople , ( red there is wothrag now to _secwe _thelraedemp-j _tion , bnt tbe _snbdKition of those farms into such allot ments « will secure to the'ne . Uon _the'argest amount off _produce , and to all classes , the smallest possible amount ! of "pauper rate . _Mr'GPConnor erbly illustrates this position , and , in the coarse of his-illustrations adverts 'in"the following terms to _thewaste of food attendant on theipre _* sent large farm-system ::

      —Thave frequently drawn tht picture-of ' _S _. 'OOO acres , cultivated in a _sparish by « thousand peasant farmers , as compared with tbecondition oftthe _sameq * arish _,-oaltirated by three slaves -of an autocrat landlord ; or can _* I draw a < _piontre 'from a better subject tban tbat whioh I now dairy witness . _Ihar & come to apoor pari ? h _—poaf , because the forms average nearly a thousand acres in extent , and 'because 'the ' whole labour 'that should be performed by _nteuvistp-nrfonned by oxen and horses tbat devour the « fraits of-the earth , and what ebodd legitimately belong toman , that is , if man m of _paramount importance In the eyes of his Maker . Well , I found _tbispaskh poor , eateuupiwith poor rates , and -now I have set the bee-hive , and'the bnsy bees—celled drones , vagabonds , and idlers , by-the pompous aud the ¦ idle swarm—to snake'honey from tbe blossom . of cooperation . The result-of this aoonmulation of anomalies are evident ; to this is owing

      that—• Great Britain contains twenty-two millions . of > wastei ¦ acres in common . Would it tbe ( believed , if it was not ! affirmed by thetreport of a . eommittee of tbe legislature , _that-one . thirdof * helands cf this . nation , of whose . ex- ; . ports and imposts there bas _been-snch _vanntiagjiia _^ _vntbout culture or produce ? To vahiob mast be added . severs ! millions of acres ,-of which the monqpoly of land ,-by tbe laws-of primogeniture , & c . prevents tke improvement . : The effect on the working-man h forcibly brought -before the readers"Seed I remind-the slave labourer , < tiat the employer may measure his wages by the sttndaai of his own cupidity , his own ava-sce and daring , and tbat with the proceeds ofthe slave labour he k obliged to go witbout ;] _wbat-be himself produces , while he is obliged to purchase j

      tije ; prodaceoftheland , at that _eopiioisas retail price which the producer , or monopolist and _fcrestaller may plesseito demand for it . Tbat he is obliged to purchase allof the worst quality , at the highest price , and te the greatest disadvantage , being compelled to deal at the track _shopof the master , _< er topay a tax of twenty , five per cent , for . credit to tbe shopkeeper ; while if ho was even paid is the produce of _fais-own labour , he _eeald not exchange it-beneficially , because it is upon the wholesale principle , and on the aggregate of the labour of thousands , that ithe capitalist ma & eshis profit . And even beyond thathe is obliged so te demean himself , as to insure the _totocation of the capitalist slave driver ; he has

      no honse that he can call his < own , he has no resting place whereon to lay bis addles head Bnd aching limbs * hehas a partner whom he calls his wife , but wbose interests are too often at variance % he has children , ay , daughters , who become lodgers in his own house ; he cannot calculate upon any certainty ; he lives frem hand te mouth , _hegainseredit upon tbe presumption tbat his labour will continue he may rest his house by the year , aud make his domestic arrangements upon the calculation ef permanent employment , and upon Saturday night the will of ilis employer may constitute him unwillingly a defaulting tenant and a debtor , unable to meet the demands of tbe

      shopkeeper-Still , though unemployed , tbe rent goes on , and if be is to _Uvefood must be provided ; and if , in his unwilling idleness , he is ready to confederate with his fellows to resistor overthrow tbis unnatural state , he is tried as a conspirator , bludgeoned as a rioter , or shot as a rebel . Such is the real picture of the condition of an artificial slave . To remedy such evils the Land Flan has been propounded—it witl , _say 8 Mr O'Connor : — Very speedily thia the overstocked labour ranks of thousands and tens of thousands of competitors , wbicb , bear in mind , has erer beea the primary importance that I attached to tbe undertaking , and it will thus destroy that competitive reserve , upon which capitalists may fall back to reduce tbe wages of the comparatively satisfied .

      For will aay man deny—can any man donbt—that the wages standard of Britain is now tyrannically and ungenerously measured by the standard of insult aud degradation tbat the family-loving , liberty-loving , and kind-hearted peasant will endure , rather than be subjected to the slave-brand—the pauper's fare , or pauper ' s dress , and a pompous overseer ' s haughty contumely and dominion ; and can the greatest sticklers for the new _fangled principle of political economy , taught by a new race of speculators in low wages , contend for a _sv & tem , wbich simultaneously renders barren and sterile , nineteen twentieths of our Jrad , while a tenth of those hardy peasants , who would cheerfully cultivate it , are consigned to beggary and degradation , to pauperism and starration , lest their generous , natural , rightful , and legitimate employment should tend to tbe more equitable distribution of the national income , secured by the better cultivation of the- national resources .

      Therefore has the Land Plan been founded , and this plan will-Teach the minister tbat in these days of sudden transition , and of doubtful ministerial ascendancy , tbe working classes , the industrious classes , tbe honourably speculating classes , and tbe justly regulated trading classes , are tbe rock npon which he must _benceferth build bis title to govern ; and , as sure as water Trill find its level , so sorely will power find its level ; and tbat power , which alone can constitute ministerial security , is to be found in the just and equitable government of the working classes . Question has succeeded question , and the rapid

      rolling of antagonist interests have revolved in such quick succession , as wave succeeds wave in a storm , that the minister , sitting upon tbe billow ot the day , if asked what principle or policy he represented , should point to the moBt recent swell of discontent rising in the distance . His station must be uncertain ; bis principles must be equivocal ; his policy must be capricious , until be can sit firmly npon tbe levelled breakers , waves , and billows , which will constitute tbe safe harbour for ministerial integrity , landlocked by the > ffection , the strength , the confidence , and the inteiest of that wall ef British hearts , which may defy the indigaites of tbe foreign despot , or tbe assault of domestic factions .

      Press of matter has prevented onr completing our notice of this invaluable treatise in this number , and we are , therefore , forced to postpone the most important _poiats brought under our consideration until the ensuing week .

      Bho-H-Hi's Moobi. Of Ascient Jerusalem I...

      _Bho-h-hi ' s Moobi . of Ascient _Jerusalem is a very pretty , and to some , amoBt interesting exhibition ; it is beautifully carved and arranged , giving as correct anideaofa city as diminutive wooden houses and churches can possibly convey . Brunetti has expended many years of research and labour in bringing his model to its present perfection , and has , certainly , produced an exquisite toy ; but our sympathies being with the present , and our imaginings with the future , we confess onr inability to appreciate the result of his exertions . We gaze at the model , but we do not' realise' Jerusalem in our mind , or bring it away in our memory . It fails to impress un , save with admiration ofthe perseverance and mechanical abilities of its constructor , but there are many who delight inthe study of bygone ages , to whom the exhibition of this model may afford considerable pleasure .

      A proposal has been published for raising £ 100 , 000 as a provision for the family of the late Mr Daniel O'Connell .

      ^^I^^^^W^^

      _^^ I _^^^^ _W _^^

      Wtters On Grammar. No.E. To The Working ...

      _WTTERS ON GRAMMAR . No . e . TO THE WORKING CLASSES . _MyDbAr Parw-D " , The third change of which the Noun is suscep fable is with

      regard to Cask . Case means the _position or relation of things with regard to each other . Thus , in the sentence , 'Richardgave his father a hoo k to John , ' we have four differerit nouns which stand in entirely different cosesfo each other , Richard' is represented as « c % -he is giving the book . The : ' / a _0 _er - is represented as _nogsessino the book . The < book' is the thing given , and « Jok ' is the person receiving it . ,

      Now , these different _Gises of the Nouns are very necessary to be understood . They are four . The -Vomtnottiie , or acting case . The Possessive , or _ssessing me . V The Dative , or receiving _^ _case . The Objective , or object ot the yerA ) . These mes , usually , have different places in a sentence . The Nominative goes before the verb active—as , « I write , ' « Iam the person doing the thing , ' and / , consequentl y , is in the Nominative

      case . The Objective case usually follows the verb ; as , « I write a letter ; ' but it also follows prepositions , as , ' I went with him to London . ' It never follows the preposition to , whicii is the _peculiar mark of the Dative case . [ , ' in the abo , ve sentence , is , therefore , the nominative , 'Mm' the _objecliwe , ' London ? the dative case . The _Poxstjssive case implies possession , and we have this peculiarity with , regard to it , feat we put the letter 8 with the little mark called am aoostrophe ( ' ) before it , after the noun . This implies the second _nounbetongs tothe _nrst ; as , * _# emople ' s

      sovereignty ; the _fyranit _' s |? 0 _M-er . ' In arncient tiroes , when few people carM write or real , words werej very'Sfferently * _aseflto the _warnier 5 n which they now are used , nnd we should then have written ; ' the tyrant 18 s power _,- but now * we use simply the letter * and the apostrophe . This is the case in j the singular ; but * when the -plural"ends in * , "we ' _flo ; not add another * for _thepvjssessive case : we "write ! the _apostroplie 'only , after "tne word . In _the-samei way , when "the ¦ singular ends _in'ss , we _usetmly the ! apostropne . Thus , we Should write , ' the _qymits' _] i potoer' _-wlien we mean the power of more tyrants than one— - « far goodness '* sdke . '

      Observe , therefore , t hat the _apostrophe-and _••* after iVor the apostrophe without an'S'afteriit in the-dlural , ot when the -word _alreaHy -ends in double _> s , 'marks the act'of'possession , - ¦ and is the sign'df the possessive < case ,- "and the _apoateophens'te _be-used orily'in Ihat'wey . The Dative case has also a sign ; it Tdllows'the _prepvsitwnnio . _'tfigave it ¦ fo . Uohn . ' These , then , are the three variations of _whiiih Nouns are susceptible— -Gender , 'Number , ; _acd

      The Aotective <Does Not Alter On=Any Of'...

      The Aotective < _does not alter on _= any of'theBe accounts . * "We say ' a good 'hoy , ' good boys * , ' a ¦ good girt ; ' 'but , as it expresses quality , and there are different degrees of quality , it has changes r to correspond with these degrees . 'For 'instance , > we may say , '"My devotion to the cause of the people _'isflsreatf- ; "yours is _igmater ; ' his is 'greatest . ' N 5 fou see that all these jpeople of-whom we have'been speaking are _markedly the <« ome . qua \ ity ; they -. sill are devoted-to _the-cause of the people , "but

      this-devotion is in different degrees . 'In the _ffitst partof ' tbe sentence , 'My -devotion 'is ' great ' . ' I simply ¦ state a _fadt , without -in anyway alluding to anything beyond it . ! I do not compare my devotion ¦ with any other person ' s , making-it either more or less than theirs . But when _I-ebserve _, 'Yours _ds gmater , ' I cease merely ito assert a fact . \ compare it -with another fact , and in the _concluding Clause of -the sentence , his -is greatest ? ' I not -only com- ; pare with _< we _^ revious _> _flegrees of * he same quality , ' but I assert vMo be . superior to _bofe .

      These three-degrees are termed the _Potfftive , the ; ¦ Comparative , and the Superlative . j The Positive etates the . quality of _oneiperson ori thing , without regard to any other . The CoMPARfcawvE increases or _lescens rffhe _Posi-I iive , making it one degree'better or worse . Tiie _Superlatm- _'E compares the qualify « f one thing -with that of wore than one other , and makes it as good or as bad , as great or as small , as possible . In -order that yon may use * Jhese degrees of _eoraparison correctly , both in writing and in speaking ,

      1 wish to remind yes that-there can be nothing better than the best—nothing more perfect than perfectim ; and , therefore , when you bave occasion to use the Superlative , it is quite unnecessary and very absurd to put adverbs to heighten its effect . Wha t can the landlord ofa public-house mean when he marks his barrels of poison * the best , the very best , ' except to take advantage of your belief in fine words , to rob you . If the first be the best' there can be no better—he is , therefore , a liar , or a knave .

      There are three sorts of comparisons ; that by wbich we render things gradually better , as pretty , prettier , _prettiestt which is called the comparison of superiority . That by which we consider things as gradually worse—as ugly , uglier , ugliest—called the comparison of inferiority . That by whicb , on comparing things , we find them equal , called the comparison of equality .. Tbe comparatives of superiority or . of inferiority require the word than after them—as , ' He is wiser than bis neighbour , ' ' She is uglier than her sister . ' The comparative of equality requires as before and after the adje _; tive — ' He is as unjust as his brother . '

      I must now tell you the way of forming the comparative and superlative of adjectives from the positive . When the positive , or simple adjective has only one or two syllables , we add er for the comparative , and est for the superlative ; as ' great , _great-er , great-est . ' But when the positive ends in ewe add only r and st for the comparativeand superlative , as ' wise , wise-r , wisest . ' When the positive ends in j / , we change y into _^ t before er , and est as 'lovely , lovelier , loveliest . '

      "When the simple adjective contains more than two syllables , or when it has two long syllables we put the word more before it for the comparative and most for the _> uperlative , — -we should say , useful , more useful , most useful ; diligent , more diligent , most diligent . ' There are some adjectives , however , the comparative and superlative of which are quite different words from the positive and from each other . Such are- Good - Better Best Bad Worse Worst Little Less Least Much or many More Most

      Before I leave this subject I must notice a ridiculous custom , into which some people fall , of using two or three adjectives , which mean the same thing , to one noun . Such people would say -a" diligent and industrious man , ' and they would talk nonsense , for ' diligent' and 'industrious' mean the same thing , and , therefore , itis equal to using the same adjective twice over . Take care to use such adjectives as are suited to the nouns . If we are speaking of anything that

      pleases the eye , we may say ' lovely , beautiful , handsome , elegant '—if it charms the taste , we may use the adjectives ' nice , pleasant , delicious , ' but it is at once very ridiculous and very inelegant to talk of ' a lovely dinner , ' ' a delicious chat , ' a 'beautiful piece of beef , ' because , though beef is a very agreeable thing to a hungry man , the pleasure it affords is addressed to the palate not the eye , and a chat with a long-lost friend isa luxury to the mind , but gives no particular gratification to the mouth .

      To conclude my notice of adjectives , you may use as many as you require to paint the quality of the noun , provided each adjective describes a different qualilv ; and your sentence will sound most pleasantly to the ear , if you place the adjectives according to their different lengths , making them gradually longer . Thus , 'She is a young , learned , virtuous , and benevolent woman , ' has a much better sound tban , ' She is a benevolent , learned , virtuous , and woman . '

      young - iS true that the latter phrase is as correct as the former , but it does not please the ear ; and , if in writing or in speaking , we would gain the hearts of others , we must endeavour to gain the goodwill of tha t steady sentinel of hearts . Johu Weslef said , when regretting the inferiority of church music , tbat he could see no reason wby the devil sbouldhave all the best tunes to himself ; I certainly cannot see wby those whose heads are as sensible , and whose h " arts are more true than those of most writers and

      The Aotective <Does Not Alter On=Any Of'...

      speakers , sbould not acquire the few technical rules whicb will enable tbem to convince the beads , and touch the hearts of others . I am , your very sincere friend , M . M . P .

      Central ©Rmnal ©Mirt

      _Central _© rMnal _© mirt

      Chabqb M-Mchder Aqainst 1 U1hu0.—Thomas ...

      _Chabqb _m-Mchder aqainst 1 U 1 HU 0 . —Thomas _M'Intosb Davidson' aaaged man of respectable appear _, ance , but evidently of weak Intellect , was indicted for tbe wilful murder , of Lewis Mountford . —Mr Parn .-ll appeared on the part of the prosecution , and Hr Bodkin for tho prisoner . —Mr Bodkin said it would be _unneces . sary to go into tbe facts of the case , as the prisoner was ia such a state of mind as to be utterly incapable of pleading or understanding the charge . The jury waB then sworn , to try the , issue whether he was of sonnd or um-ound mind , and Ur Bodkin tben called witnesses to that fact _. —Mr ( _jutfield , a surgeon at Tottenham ,

      proved having attended the prisoner for two years . With the concurrence of his trustees he had bim placed with a Mrs HolmeB , st Tottenham , where he committed the act for which he is now . placed at tbe bar . —He was decidedly of unsound mind , and from witness ' s _opportunitles of observation he thought he was quit © unconscious of the present processings . — -Mr _M'Murdo , surgeon of the gaol of Newgate , safd be thought the prisoner was in such » atato of mind as to be incapable of understanding the charge against him . Hr Olding , as . _aistant-surgeon cf Newgate , corroborated last witness , Thejury immediately returned a verdict that the prisoner was of _wiBound mind ; and Mr Baron Plattordered bim to be remanded to safe custody , tbere to be detained during her Majesty ' s pleasure .

      Thb _Mvadee ih _Mamk-iohe . —Maty Ami tint , the female wbo was convicted last session « f the murder of an old woman named Mary Stowell , as repotted in the Northern Star , was placed at the bar ; The _Gletk of tbe Arraigns tben asked her if sbe bad anything te say wby execution should not ttfte place npon her for the crime of wbich Bhe had beenHwnvioted . tire prisoner , In answer , said that she believed she was with child . —Mr Barron Piatt ; A jury of matrons -rrcst _be'empaneUed , to see whether or net she is pregnant with _a'qeick child . — At half-past one -o'clock a jury vf matrons was

      _empa--relied , and sworn ; _and Hr Barron "Piatt having told -tbem what theirflcties were , t * oy retired ; and , after an absence of three quarters nt an hour , returned into 'Court . The Olerk of the Arraigns 'then asked whether < they found tbat the prisoner , Sary Ann Hunt , was preg _> -nant with a _quitHc child or not" ? To which the forewoman replied , 1 hat they bad an agreed m tbe verdict that tbe prisoner wits not pregnant with' * quick child . —Mt Saron Piatt : ; 'Let her be removed from the bar , and tbe law must tahe _< _its course .. " We undtrstand that _sucto a proceeding has net taken place in tbis court for tbe last half century .

      _Foaoras .-JGeorge _Hayward wss _inaleted for _rerging and uttering a ' _chequefor £ 89 . _' 4 s „> with intent to oefraud Messrs Jones , Lloyd , anrl'Oo ., _the'lnnkera . It appeared that the cheque in question _was _^ _presented for payment _, on the 22 nu of March , but it was not proved tbat the ) prisoner was the party -who-presented ii , but one ot the , ' notes _given'iu pa ; ment << a _'JKOIBank of England ) wasj traced to'fais possession . Theijury found him $ uilty ef the forgery , but not _> Of _tbe-utteriog , The prisoner wasi tben indicted , for ' . ' forging aehenjue for £ 140 on Messrs Glyn aud'Co ., the'bankers , tad William Alexander was _chaegfd _* ith being an "accessor ; both before and after _the'fact . ! In this case the-evidence ef the forgery was also-complete : ; 'the only evMence against Alexander was , tbat bo changed a ' £ 90 -note , wbicb wns given is payment -of the _<« h « que . 'The jury found Sayward guilty , * ndacquitted Alexander ; tbe former was-sen * tencort to-be transported for life .

      Lifsi hi _iLoMooN . —Thomas _"JH'Catty and _MatJy Do * herty were indicted for feloniously taking and receiving from _. tJames'Patrick 'Nangle a sovereign ,-nnder pretence ofthelping him te a > watch of the value _' of £ 40 , which had reoentlybeen « tolen * from him . —Mr Frendergast stated the casetfor tbe prosecution at considerable length , * He said _thk-waa a * peculiar case , and required the attention of theijury . _-Hsiread a recent aet of Parliament , which makes such-conduct felony . Mr Nangle had _beeoarobbed ofa watch , and . he met the male prisoner at a _publfc-house , wbo said be knew the thief and could apprehead'bim . & e also knew tbe Jew to whom the wateh was sold . In _conseguence of this representation be gave tbo ; prisoner a sovereign . _Previous to tbis M'Cartyihad been . given into _> oustody , but discharged , as no proof was adduced against bim to warrant a detention . —Mr Nangle deposed , ihat in tbe latter part of July he went with-some -friends to a publie-house in _Compton-stceet , and while there be lost bis watch .

      Before that time'the prisoner-came in witb two men and two women . ¦ M' * 3 ; H ' y was _igiven in custody for tbe theft , but discharged by the magistrate for want of evidence . When liberated , the . prisoner said , ' Now , I can tell you something yon don't know . ' He said he knew ¦ the thief , and would apprehend Mm . He knew also the manner in whicb it was disposed of . The female was ( introduced , aad she . made the like and other observations , whicb turned out false . Mr O'Brien cross-examined the witness , wben it appeared tbat on the night of the robbery he bad been on a nocturnal stroll witb bk friends , to see a little of' Life in London . ' Witnesses were called , who confirmed Mr _Kaagle as to tbe prisoner ' s representations . —Mr O'Brien addressed the jury , and submitted , that the offence had not been proved in tbe terms of tbe act , Tbe jury found both guilty . It appeared that the prisoners were both associates of thieves . Tbe court sentenced them to seven years ' transportation .

      _CoN « EALMeNT of a Chim > . —Janet Irish , 33 , was indieted for unlawfully concealing the birth of a male child . The circumstances connected with the case are very singular . The occupants of tbe house in wbich the prisoner lived stated tbat tbey were annoyed by an in . tolerable stench at times , for which no one ' could account until a box was opened , in which was found the decomposed remains of an infant , which must have been tbere for a long timo , it was supposed tbrse years . When questioned , the prisoner said , ' I put it there , ' alleging that site had not tbe means to bury it . Tbe jury found her guilty , and she was sentenced to three months' _imp-isonment .

      _BiaiJir . —Daniel Sinclair , a very respectable-looking man , was indicted for feloniously intermarrying with Jane WelU _, bis wife , Ann , being alive . Tbe particulars of this case bavfng very recently appeared in our police reports , a lengthened statement is not now necessary , E . Elliott , the parish clerk at Newcastle-upon-Tyne , proved that in 1833 the prisoner waB married in that town to one Ann Joyce , wbo was now alive . Jane Wells stated tbat sho was married to tbe prisoner on October 25 th , 18 " 5 , at Christ Cburch , fiotbe ' rhuhe . She had _knt wn him a considerable time , and bad always believed him to have been as he represented , a single man . Suspicions , however , arose , and on being interrogated be admitted tbat be bad been married before , and that be had been convicted of bigamy . The _prisoner , however ,

      obviated tbe difficulty thus created by assuring witness that his conviction rendered bis marriage a nullity , and that lie had consulted the proper authorities at Doctors ' - commons upon the point , and that they had assured him tbat legally he was free from hia former marriage . Under this representation witness became his wife . Witness , in cross-examination , stated tbat she was a widow The certificates of both marriages were tben put In and proved . Mr Prendergast _, for tbe prisoner , said that bis client had , undoubtedly , violated the law , but be had done so witbout design , as he was acting upon tbe opinion of a proctor la Dootor ' _s-commons upon his former marriage . He bad erred , certainly , but ft was in ignorance bf the law . The Common _Serjeant summed up , and tbe prisoner was immediately declared Guilty . Two

      witnesses were called to speak to tbe prisoner ' s character _. One of them bad known bim from boyhood , and could testify to the respectability of bis reputation . The witness , however , admitted tbat the prisoner had a third wife at Liverpool , but ( he bad since died . The witness was cross-examined by Mr Ballantinefor the prosecution , with reference to a conviction for felony , for wbich the prisoner suffered twelve months' hard labour . Tbe _nitness very reluctantly said he had beard as much , and that it was rery likely to be true . He also admitted tbat he was privy to the prisoner having a wife at Liverpool and another at Newcastle . A _document was handed to

      the court , which showed that in 1843 the prisoner was convicted at Liverpool for bigamy , and WAS Sentenced to a year ' s imprisonment . Tho Common Serjeant , in passing sentence , safd that a more aggravated case he had never tried . For tbe protection of society from such unprincipled men it was indispensable that tbe present case should be punished with severity . Something had been said of an opinion from Dootor ' s-commons , and if such an opinion was ever given , why was it not proved , and then tbe court could bave believed that be was acting with sincerity and honesty" Ho ( the Common Serjeant ) believed tbat it never was given , The sentence was tbat theprisoner be transported for seven years .

      « Stabbing the Giaze , '— Burnett , and John and Thomas Rush ( brothers ) , were indicted for , and convicted upon clear evidence of , stealing from a pawnbroker ' s window a tray containing _tbiny-six gold rings . The act was perpetrated in the mode technically called ¦ 9 _tarrlag the glaze , 'i . e ., removing a pane in the window by means of a diamond . _AnoliM was set up in reply to the case , but it fell to tbe ground . —Sentence en Barnett tm years' transportation ; T . Rush , 13 months ' , and on J , Rush six months' bard labour . Assault . —Henry Sceble , aged 25 , a person said to be _respectably connected , was indicted for feloniously cutting , striking , and wounding Louisa Bradford , with intent to disable and do her grievous bodily harm . He was also charged with a common assault . Louisa Bradford deposed as follows : —I live in Wheatsheaf . court , St Pancras , _New-road . On the night of tbe _10-. h

      August I met with the prisoner . He solicited leave to spend the night with me , and I consented , Aft « r a time , the prisoner was about to go away . I got up to prevent him , and he pushed mo . I then felt something on the upper part of my thigh , and a sensatiou like a cut . I then thought tbo prisoner , who held me with one hand , had a knife in tbe other , and I screamed out 'Murder . ' He then knocked me down on the floor , and when I got up , dowi he sent me again , and I kept crying 'Murder'all the time . A lodger came down , and inquired what was the matter . I told him the prisoner was ill-using me . He afterwards came with a light , nnd tho prisoner let him in . I was sitting oa the side of the bed bleodingat that time . FrisDnerleft the bouse . He took the key of the street _«' . oor away , so that I could not get out . I never saw Wm more until the 26 th , when I found him where we first met . I said , tbat is tbe man

      Chabqb M-Mchder Aqainst 1 U1hu0.—Thomas ...

      who stabbed me , and earned away my key . He laughed at me , and 1 gave him in charge . I attended my wound for a week , but was forced then to apply to a surgeon . The policeman who took the prisoner into custody dt » posed that on their way to the station-house , he con . versed with him about the charge , when he safd , _'Idid " It , and IM do It again . ' The Common Sergeant summed up tho evidence witb great particularity . The Learned Judge said that the law of tbe land threw Its mantle over a person of immoral character and afforded them the same redress as the highest . The Jury consulted nearly half an hour , and then returned a verdict of Guilty of a common assault on the second count . The Common Sergeant quite concurred in tho propriety of the verdict , for tbe Jury bad taken a most merciful view of the case , which tbo Court was bound toconslder a bad one , and aggravated by the prisoner locking the young woman in so as to prevent her obtaining assistance . The sentence ofthe Court wss . that he be nine

      kept ta hard labour in the Houso of Correction for calendar months .

      —-W^--— Ifflfeteuanfeft

      — -w _^ _-- — _ifflfeteUanfeft

      The First Steamer That Crossed Tbe Atlan...

      The first steamer that crossed tbe Atlantic between the new and old world was the Savannah . Captain Rogers , built at New York ; she was 300 tons burthern , ship rigged ; her engine waa 10 or 89 horse power , low pressure . She proceeded from New York to Savannah , whence she sailed in 1819 for Liverpool , making the passage in 22 days . In passing the Irish coast , the smoke and steam from her chimneys gave her the appearance ofa ship on fire , and vessels were despatched from the Cove 01 Cork to her relief . She subsequently made the voyage to Constantinople and back , being the first steamer that traversed the Mediterranean Sea , as _wnll as the Atlantic Ocean .

      Kebp it nRFORBTnB People . —The United States Government sold at public anctibn _; for 539 dollars , in the district of Columbia , on the 13 th of July , in the year of our Lord 1847 , at ten o ' clock . A M ., two women , and put tbe money inthe Treasury of tbe United States . A New Sopbaj-o . —¦ A young German singer fsays the Gazette Musieale ) , of a family of high rank in Berlin , Mademoiselle Cruwell , is at present obtaining great and legitimate success in Italy . The journals compare her to Jenny Lind and Madame Pasta .

      Ths Fobob op Example . —A hawker offish , midin - f in the _Basse-ViJle , at Lyons , a few daya back cut his wife ' s throat . Being arrested shortly after , he avowed his guilt , declaring that dukes acted in tho same way an he had done . A . fatM duel took place at San Augustine , Texas , on the 14 th of July , between Messrs Bussell and Kendall , the rival editors of two Texan papers , who bad been abusing each other for some time , and at Jength took to pistols . They fired three shots each , when _RusBell fell mortally wounded . Carriages Exempt from Tax . — -It may bo useful * to those who drive carriages , with their names , Ac , attached , to know that the name , occupation , and residence of the owner , must be painted in separate and distinct words , with a proportionate distance between each word ; as otherwise such carriages , however striotly in other respects tbey be in accordance with the act for exemption , are liable to the duty .

      Bowbis op Mbrct !—The eviction of tenantry in Ireland is now being carried to an extent truly horrible . A writer , dating Carrick _on-Shannon , says' At least one-tbird of the entire county ia under ejectment . Now that the crop is ripe the landlord steps in , takea the crop , turns the tenant on the world , and levels the houses without the usual time or chance of redemption . ' At one place in the county Cavan , as many as ninety-nine houses have been rased , and their unfortunate occupants turned adrift upon the world . The county resounds evernight with the shouts and shots of the hired maran _ders , by whose relentless ferocity the work of expul sionis carried on- The day must sooner orlatei arrive when ' the cry ofthe poor , ' loud as it has long been and is , will be redressed .

      _Suip-FErBR ik _Oif-ADA . —Many hundreds of emigrants , annually leave Hull for Canada , acd thefol lowing statements , taken from the Quebec Mercury , the Toronto Globe , and the Streetsville , cannot but be mournfully interesting to many of our readers . During the present year upwards of 70 , 000 emigrants have already arrived at the ports of Quebec and Montreal , and few , if any , of the vessels in which they crossed the Atlantic were free from the ravages of fever to a most awful extent . The _Montreal Board of Health , in their report , dated 12 th ult .,

      state that the Black Hole of Calcutta , was a mercy compared to the holds of many of the vessels from theBritish Islands , instancing cases where , outo £ 496 passengers , 158 died on the passage , and 186 more were sick on the arrival ; where , in 10 vessels , _sailintr with 4 , 427 passengers , there were 804 deaths and 847 sick . The sick in tirosse Isle ( a quarantine rendevouz , established by the colonial officials ) , on the 6 th ult ., 2 , 148 were sick , and the deaths in tho previous week were 197 , having in one day amounted to 4 S . This is an awful state of things , and requires an immediate and judicious investigation from the

      home authorities . 'Hold On !'—Several instances of the foHv _. to say nothing else , of 'holding on , ' during the late scarcity of provisions , have been told ns . One we will mention . A farmer of CJevedon had a large stock of wheat , and was offered 143 . a bushel for 400 bushels . This he refused , as he wanted 15 s ., but he would now be glad to sell the same at 63 . _abusheJ . Railway . Accidents downs Six Mohihs . —A refurn has just heen printed , by order ofthe House of Lords , ofthe number and nature of the accidents and ofthe injuries to life and limb which have occurred on the railways in Great Britain and Ireland _,, from the 1 st of January to the 30 th of June , 1847 , as reported bythe various railway companies tothe commissioners of railways , The total number of

      passengers carried during the half-year , as returned by the companies , was 23 , 119 , 412 , a _numler nearly equal to four-fifths ofthe population of Great Britain and Ireland . Of this number 101 persons have been killed , and 100 injured . Wasp Sting . —Immediately after the sting , press the hollow or tube part of any key tightly over the part stung ; tbe poison may be seen at the mouth of the wound , and should be wiped off . ' An Italian paper states tbat the celebrated composer Rossini holds the rank of captain in tbe National Guard of Bologna , and displays extraordinary activity in the discharge ofhis military duties . The emigrants who arrived at Baltimore , recently from Germany , deposited sixty thousand dollars in gold witb the Baltimore bank an hour or two after their arrival .

      Edwin Forrest , the actor , offers a prize of 3 , 000 1 dollars for the best original tragedy in five acts , to be written by an American citizen , nnd submitted before the 23 rd of June next . Rbmahkiblb Precautions sob Louis Philippe ' s Protection—One of the saddest circumstances which exist in this coun try is the extraordinary precaution which it is considered necessary to take for the safety of the King . There are , for example , five large barracks , each occupied by regiments of elite , in the immediate vicinity of the Tuilleries , and eighteen guard-houses , each of which is continually occupied day and night by a troop of ready-armed men , surrounding the palace . The palace itself is occupied by 250 national guards ofthe infantry

      battalions , and by __ 25 men ofthe regiment of horse . There are , besides , 350 soldiers of the line , and a troop of 50 men of a cavalry regiment . At nine o ' clock at night a detachment , composed of four companies , takes its station in the centre ol the palace , and remains all night with loaded arms ; 80 sentinels , with loaded arms , keep watch in and around the palace during the night ; besides whioh , patrols and detachments visit every part of the palace and the gardens every half-hour ; 55 ofthe attendants in the gardens , and of tbe domestics of the royal household , mount guard in the royal apartments during every nigbt / armed with double-barrelled gunB . In addition to all thia multitude , there ia a number of _policeagouts , aides-de-camp , adjutants , & c ., continually on _d'lty . A secret pas-saw leads from the palace to one of tbe nearest barracks , and some of the

      guardhouses are provided with ladders to enable the soldiers to enter the palace and gardens at any moment . Neapolitan Brutality—The Neapolitan police are said toJiave subjected several printers to the torture ofthe thumbscrew , in order to force them to reveal the names of the authors of some placards attacking the conduct of the government , which have boen posted at Naples , An Irhh Brigade for Rome . —In consequence of the allusions made in Conciliation Hall , Dublin , and elsewhere , respecting the propriety ofthe Irish forming a brigade to defend the Pope from Austrian aggressions , a large number of Irishmen , resident ia London , have expressed their willingness to enlist for tbat purpose , and tbey contemplate holding a meeting , to petition the Queen to allow them to do so .

      Tom Thumb ' s Fortune . —Tom Thumb ' s secretary has furnished one of the Syracuse p apors with ? | " ment of his receipts in Europe , which are said to be as follows : —His receipts in Europe were 1 £ 150 , outf sterling , or 750 , 000 dollars ; _reckoning fifty-six sovereigns to the pound avoirdupois , 3 . 078 PwndBof gold . one hundred and _seventy-eight times hitown weight . In silver the _we-ght would be 40 37 S ponn * . Calculating that an ordinary horse would drawSo _» pounds , _itlould require * - _* - _^ _JW < - _^ _oinweigh . _Calculatin g that each dollar one _and-a-balf inch , it would reach in a straig aLttwenty-five miles ; and supposing roneSglith of an inch in thickness piled the other it would reach over a mile and Vioinfli Visit of father Mathew to mn States . —Father Ma thew is to proceed , _sprin " , to America , and the owners of _ship Mnry Anne havo already given instruct have the private state cabin placed at his or that purpose .

      Measures Ht Hse> . , Eachdollar On?%On -...

      measures ht _hSe > . , eachdollar on _? % on - a _^ _jf . in . iv _/ *** - ; . ' _afinm-i " - _earj _* n _* xfr ; _thefywJKelu ions ; _^ dispnfal _& -- » . * - measures light Im _^ . lr--r---. jchdolrar onffWoh' ' ¦ _'"""/ amf . ' m ; -J ¦ _' _.-L /" ' •• '¦ '' ' - ' ¦"' ' •' t _^ _ftimsa'ir _\ . , • •' _'• _atynexiyyl ' _lefiracjiet— _-r—^ , ¦'¦ ¦ ¦ :. _-,- '¦ ¦ ¦ : sdispnfal _^' _-J . \ f .. _\ . .. _^ y j , * " _* ? ' , *?

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 2, 1847, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_02101847/page/3/