Northern Star (1837-1852), 3rd February 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 4, TO AGENTS, Many of our agents complain o...

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  British »»^Jf You Know, Bobby Smith." An...
  
  February 3 , 1840 . THE mad mur _^ p XT STAR ¦ — _4 ' : _ —
  
  Just Pa's-Ushed, So. 1, Pric* Supbsce, Or The Commonwealth:
  
  Just pa ' _s-Ushed , So . 1 , Pric * Supbsce , or THE COMMONWEALTH :
  
  Ad00416
  
  a "uorrnxT record of _DEMOCRATIC . SOCIAL & INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS . "HIE COMMONWEALTH" wiUbe the Representative of the Chartists , Socialists , and Trades' Unionists , in the * _Moo- _* ly Press . _comxTs : 1 . Gold Region of California . 2 . Pauperism and Poor Rates . 3 . The Spy System . 4 . Louis Blanc 5 . TJie Epoch ofthe Revolution . C . rroductivenes * of Small Farms . Communication * for tlie Editor , Books for Eeview , _* c ., to be fortrarded to the Office , 16 , GREAT WINDMILL STREET , LO >* _DON . Tn he had of aU Booksellers in Town and Country . i
  
  Ad00417
  
  " THE PLAY THE THING . " MEN OF LOXDOS REMEMBER WEDNESDAY * NEXT , THE 7 th OF FEBRUARY . IT IS THE CAUSE . ' IT IS TnE CAUSE !! S TANDARD THEATRE , Facing the Eastern Counties Railway Station , Shoreditch , _Undrr the _patroange ofthe E _* tEcr * _T-T * Committee , Tiio -frill b < - present on the occasion , and in aid of the Funds , A _BESF . FIT will be taken at the _alwre house , on the evenin ** of TfED * _N"ESDAY , FEBRUARY 7 th , 1 S 49 , _yrtieTl one of the best _comymnies in London -Kill render their aid . and the _aclinowledged best pantomime ever produced in London -trill b ? performed by inimitable artists . The performance will consist of a New Drama , of deep sr . d intense _interest , entitled
  
  Ad00419
  
  PERFECT FREEDOM FROM COUGH , In Ten Minutes after use , and a rapid Cure of Asthma and Coasamption . and all Disorders of the Ureath and Lun _^ s , is insured by DR . LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS . Tlie truly -wonderful powers of this remedy have called furth testimonials from all ranks of society , in all quarters of the tvorld . The following have been just received : —
  
  A Pattern* Husbaxd.—At The Guildhall On Tfed-Besday, A Young Man, Named George Farrell Was Summoned Before Mr. Alderman Miisgrove, At The
  
  A Pattern * _Husbaxd . —At the Guildhall on Tfed-Besday , a young man , named George Farrell was Summoned before Mr . Alderman _Miisgrove , at the
  
  Instance Ot The Overseers Of St. Hotolph...
  
  instance ot the overseers of St . Hotolph without , _Bishopsgate , to show cause why he did not support and maintain his wife , and not leave her chargeable to the parish . —The ease was heard before at thc Mansion-house , and 2 s . Od . per week ordered to he paid . The defei-. d-. vni had , however , refused within the last fortnight to continue the payments , when a _fi-csh summons was taken out and part heard , but was adjourned to this day at the request ofthe hushaud , cm liis declaring that he could bring forward proof of his wife having committed adultery . —Mary I _' arrc-ll was examined , and said—She was ' the wife of the defendant , and became _chargeable to the
  
  parish iisfc Tuesday week , and had received some loaves of bread out of thc house . Her husband left her abent three months ago , and was ordered to allow her 2 s . 6 d . per week , which he did up to within the last fortni _g , when he stopped payment . The Msbandsahl , he stoppedit because he had proof that She had committed adultery . This she denied , but said there is a man in the court now whom my husband offered half-a-sovercign to , to come np and swear that he had liad connexion with me . —John "Waters , of "ffiuegate-street , Bishops ° _-ate-street , then entered the witness-box , and said , that on JMonday week the defendant came to him , and said , " now ' are you off for money ? " He replied that he Lad a little , when Farrell rejoined , " Well , here is a . _shilling , and my wife is at a certain public house ;
  
  go there , invite her to drink , and make her tipsy , and then take her to some place for the ni g ht . " He took the money , and invited the woman to drink , suid remained with her until near eleven o ' clock , ¦ when he left her , and went to his own home . The following day the defendant came and asked if hehad taken her anywhere , and on being told that he had not , ls . Gd . was put in his hand , with _in-Itructions to pursue the same course , and take the "tvoman to some place and sleep with her . He pursued the same course that he did the previous ni g ht , and left the wife at the public-house . The following night Farrell again called , and said , " It ' s all right ; I know you have dono it ; I have seen the people who saw you ; " and he then offered him lialf-a-sovereign to come up before _themagistrates , andswear that he hadbeen with her . Alderman _Musjrrove : Do you mean to swear that
  
  yon never had conne * don with Mrs . Farrell ?—"Witness : I never had . —Defendant said , that he never offered any money to the witness ; but on the _lontrary , finding he could not extort a lar < -e sum of money from him , tho witness now came forward and perjured himself by the statement he bad just made . _—Alde-rman Musgrove said , that from what ho had heard , if the defendant did not take care he would render himself liable to an indictment for inciting a party to commit perjury . There was no evidence to sustain the charge " of adultery , and therefore he should confirm the previous order , and defendant must pay the arrears , and cost of summons , and the expense incurred bv the parish , which in all amounted to 6 s . Cd . He ( the Alderman ) at the same time advised tho wife to refrain from _v-sitn-i ? public-houses . —The money was paid and tue _i-araes lef * the court .
  
  Ad00418
  
  "TUOU SHALT _50 T KILL !" THE _TOOTING TRAGEDY . A PUBLIC MEETING will be held at il the _JOHX-STREET _INSTITUTION , on TciSD-W EVEXING _, FSf-RCABr 6 th , IS ** . Chair to be taken at halfpast Seven o'clock . . . -, -r . % . j , _* . - Owicr-To consider the existing roor law ; the duties and powers of th « Commissioner * , Guardian-, and Rateravers , with special reference to the Drouet Farm , and its _feifid results . A Petition to Parliament to he submitted to theMeet in--. Tlie _fyllotring Gentlemen are _expected to attend ! Messrs . G . J . Habket , W . Drxox , T . Cube , P . U'Gbath , and S . Ktdd . Admission to tbe Body of the Hall , Id . ; Gallery , 2 d . y . R—PartiM holding Monies or Tickets for the Soiree held in John-street , on Monday , the 29 th ult , will forward the same to Mr . Clark , Land Offioe , and they _vrill oblige the Committee .
  
  Ad00424
  
  THE FRENCH REPUBLIC . A DEMOCRATIC ~ _FESTIVAL , to consist A . of Soiree and Ball , in commemoration of
  
  M Mvmponlietth
  
  m _mvmponliettH
  
  J. Swbet Acknowledges The Receipt Of The...
  
  J . Swbet acknowledges the receipt of the following sums for Mrs . _M-Do-au ., viz .: —Mr . _Chipind . _-ile , Gd ; Mr . North , 3 d ; Mr . Knott , 3 d ; Ur . Smith , 2 d ; Mr . Kirk , Id ; Mr . Ligget , lid ; Mrs . Joynes , 2 d . Fort Geneiul Defence Tcsd : —Mr . Hunt , Cd . Dr . _WDovall , for Writ of Error : —llr . Hackitt , 2 d ; Mr . Buxton , Gd ; Mr . H - •; 2 _s 6 d ; Mr . Brown , 3 d ; Mr . Thornton , is 6 d ; Mr . Hickling , ls 7 d ; Collected at Paine's Supper , 4 s 6 d .
  
  The Victim Fcm * . — John Arnott , Somers Town , acknowledges tlie receipt of the following in aid of the said fund : —From a Friend , Twelve Volumes of the Za & otiw ( Bound ) ; Mr . Xotts , South Loudon Hall . Two Gold Tins and a Gold Locket ; Mr . Dice , per Mr . W . Allnutt , " Young ' s Night Thoughts , " " Burke on the Sublime and Beautifiil , " Twelve Splendid Engravings , and a large Map of North America ; Mr . Ambrose Hurst . " _Haslani's "Letters to the Bishop of _Norwich ;* ' Mr . William Rider , "The Theologian ; " Mr . Wyatt . Tower Hamlets , _Tortrait of _ltobert Euimett , and view of Monmouth Court House ; and Mr . James Wilson , Golden-square , a New Black Waistcoat . G . Kesdal , _Sutton-in-AsIifield . —Julian Harney has forwarded the 13 s . to Manchester . Monies for the support of the victims in Kirkdale should be forwarded to Thomas Ormesher , 52 , Br idgewater-street , Deansgate , Manchester . Hvgh Hkchclut _** , Halifax . Julian Harney has forwarded
  
  the 10 s . as directed — 5 s . to the Victim Fund and 5 s . to Mrs . Jones . Received by Tno * . _Objtesher for the Kirkdale prisoners : — Chartists of Bacup . per John Morrison , 5 s . ; Mr . John M \ Keo * vn _, 5 s . ; Chartists of Salford , per John Millington , 15 s . ; Chartists of Modulate , per William Buke 10 s . ; Three Friends at Boden , Cheshire , 5 s . ; Chartists of Leeds , per William Brook , £ . 2 lfls . Received by Mr . Donovan and previously remitted on the 10 th of December , Rochdale , per _WiUiam Buke , 10 s . *" Mr . A . Bain * , Belford . —Paid to June 30 th . Mr . W . Bullock . Bigzar . — We do not supply non-subscribers with the portrait . You must be a subscriber for three months before we can send it To your third question—Yea , you can by sending your name and address to Mr . Julian Harney . " One shilling must be paid on
  
  enrolment . Mr . A . _Gbaluxss , Dunning . — Tho _charga Is fivepence . No abatement . W . II . S . —We know of no other mode than by post . The Female Chartists , Manchester .. —The EHSiErr Brigade , So . mebs Town * . —We are sorry we have not room for the addresses sent us . Mr . Linnev , Bilston . —At two shillings per dozen . Mr . G . Asamson , Forth Iron Works . —Kinepenco more for the quarter . Mr . J . Motherweh _,, Paisley . — Your portraits were sent for enclosure , to Mr . Love , Glasgow , when your order arrived . Mr . J . M-TcnELL , Jarro-r . —Received . Mr . Radford , Nottingham . —For the portrait and the work you mention , apply at the land Office , Hi , High Holborn .
  
  To Agents, Many Of Our Agents Complain O...
  
  TO _AGENTS , Many of our agents complain of the " badness of the times , " instead of remitting the balance of their accounts . Those complaints are not payable to our paper-makers and printers . "We therefore inform all such agents that we shall discontinue the supply , and hand over their accounts to our solicitor , if not immediately _discharged .
  
  The Northern Star Saturday, February 3, 1s49.
  
  THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , FEBRUARY 3 , 1 S _49 .
  
  The Session Of 1849. The Second Session ...
  
  THE SESSION OF 1849 . The second Session of the Whig Parliament has commenced its sittings . We are _r-11 too familiar with their dreary length , and unproductive character , last year , to need that any review should he now given ; hut , with their remembrance fresh in our memory , itis impossible to help asking the questions _; ' Is the Session just begun , likely to end more usefully and beneficially than the last ? Shall wc have another eight months of word-mongering —of crude , ill-digested measures , hastil y p repared , to he as hastily withdrawn—of long , floundering debates ahout questions wliich were never intended to he hrought to any practical conclusion—a Session , in short , made up of speeches , and not acts—as far as acts were necessary for the puhlic welfare ?"
  
  The anticipatory reply to those questions can only he given hy looking at the changes that have taken place in the Constitution of the Government in tho House , and in puhlic opinion , since Parliament last assembled . In the Government , thc onl y change we know of , is that of Sir T . Baking , for the deceased Lord Auckland , as head of the Admiralty ; and the new Minister is , certainly , not so favourably known to the country , hy his past
  
  official career , as to lead us to hope for any material change in the Ministerial policy , in consequence of his accession to the Cabinet . In fact , the party virtually cast a slight upon him when they put Sir CilAItLES WOOD in his former office , and if they could have got Sir James Graham to have accepted the office , the ex-Whig Chancellor ofthe Exchequer would never have been elevated to his present position .
  
  As far as the Ministry , therefore , are concerned , it is evident that we have to deal with the old materials . We shall have the same coquetting with parties—the same playing fast and loose to suit the exigencies of the moment —the same want of fixed principles , or clear and definite plans , which characterised them last year . Lord J . Russell has formally proclaimed the theory of Ministerial non-responsibility . Iu his opinion , the Constitution
  
  does not require that the Premier and his subordinates should originate and conduct the business of Parliament . Everybody is free to do what is right in Ms own eyes , and the whole duty of Ministers is to tako their salaries , and keep things as quiet as they can , with the chance of settling as much of the national business as they can in the general scramble . From this quarter , therefore , there is no great hope , as far as the men who compose the Ministry are personally concerned .
  
  But when we look at the House of Commons , and at public opinion , the case is Tery different from what it was last year . Although there is no marked change in the -laferie / of the House , its component parts are better organised . The Liberal party have what is a sine qua non to any vigorous policy—a definite principle and plan upon which to work . They are hacked by a large portion of the Press , and hy a majority of the electoral classes out of doors ; and the demand for a reduction in the National Expenditure , is one so directly identified with that sensitive part of every man —the breeches pocket—that it is certain to exercise great influence within , as well as out of tho House .
  
  TJnmistakeahle signs of the power of this movement , have already exhibited themselves . The Ministerial programme delivered by her
  
  The Session Of 1849. The Second Session ...
  
  Majesty ou Thursday , contains a distinct and marked reference to the subject of Financial Economy , expresssed with as little of generality and vagueness as time-honoured custom will allow in a Royal Speech . True , imles » the Financial Reformers be terribl y iu earnest , and indefatigable , both in and out doors , the terms employed with reference to the subject , may be translated into something- infinitely smaller than anybody imagines—nay ,
  
  decrease and judicious and practical economy , may turn out to mean an increase of the _^ National Bnrdens . For our own part , while prepared to offer no obstruction to the mere Financial Reform Movement , we have no hesitation in broadly stating—that there is , and thero can be , no guarantee whatever for the introduction and maintenance of a proper economy—short of an absolute and entire reform iu the representative system .
  
  Until this is the case , even the reductions that may be made will be monopolised by classes or parties , and will not reach the public as a whole ; and our only hope of substantive benefit from the Financial Movement , is that the more earnest aud determined of the party may be driven into the advocacy of Suffrage Reform , as the shortest and most effective maimer of securing their object . Under any circumstances , however it is a matter of congratulation , that there will be a real and a united opposition , with a definite object before it . A g lance at the programme ofthe Ministers , as comprised in the Queen ' s Speech ,
  
  will show that the great business-points in it are a promised "largo" reduction on the Estimates of lastyear , are-consideration ofthe Poor Law for Ireland with a view to its amendment , and the abrogation or modification ofthe _Navigation Laws . These may be termed the remedial measures of the Cabinet . Forpoor unhappy , prostrate , famine ahd poverty-stricken Ireland , we are again to have a repetition and a continuance of that coercive policy which Lord John and the present Cabinet came into office , pledged to put down for ever .
  
  One would have thought that emigration , destitution , disease , and death , had been potent enough to have thinned tho country , or broken the spirits of tlie people quite enough , to have enabled a liberal Ministry to dispense with such a tyrannical and unconstitutional mode of government . It appears not . "Shadows thc soul of Richard do appal . " With the leaders of Young Ireland in prison or in exile ; _Avith the population decimated by clearances , emigration and disease , and the still
  
  farther prostration caused by another failure of the potato crop hi Ireland ; even yet thc Whigs dare not let the people who remain in tliat country , enjoy the constitutional liberty of meeting , and the free expression of their thoughts . Ireland and Vienna are governed upon thc same principle , for the same cause . The Government oppress the people and the people hate the Government . The voice of the last must he stifled , in ordor that the first may enjoy the proper degree of Ministerial
  
  repose . With respect to the Navigation Laws , the language in which reference is made to them is so very vague , that we can onl y regard tho introduction of the subject at all as a repetition of the party ruse , by which the two sections of the Conservative party were last year prevented from forming a junction , and defeating the Whigs . Time will show whether it will prove equally successful this .
  
  With respect to the Poor Law in Ireland , that is a large and important question , involving so many considerations , that we shall leave all comment upon it until wc see what Ministers propose ; aud as to reductions in the Estimates , these—as we have already saidwill be large or small , in proportion to tlie earnestness aud power of the Cobden party . With Foreign Affairs we do not meddle in this place . But as we looked at the numerous aud imposing display of Foreign Ministers , and their Attaches , and thought of the changes which since last February had swept over the Continent , we could not help thinking that every one of them would feel the deepened and
  
  emphatic tone with which the Queen asserted her " pride and thankfulness in adverting to the loyal spirit of her people . " We dare to telllier Majesty , inthe name of the working millions of this great empire , that all thoy ask is , that "the fabric of the Constitution" shall be truly aud really "founded upon the principles of Freedom and of Justice , " and that if it is so , she will have no more willing coadjutors " in upholding that fabric , " than those whose labours reared the magnificent Hall in which she inaugurated the new session of Parliament , and fabricated the rich , and _daazling robes of those who thronged around her on the first of February .
  
  Colonel Thompson And His Constituents. C...
  
  COLONEL THOMPSON AND HIS CONSTITUENTS . Colonel Thompson has been paying Ids Constituents a visit , and his Constituents—at least , the majority of them— -have been paying the Colonel in that kind of coin called by sailors " monkey's allowance , " which , we believe , defined by those who are in the habit of employing the expression , means " more kicks than halfpence . " The Colonel was received very coldly by the working men , and , when speaking of Ireland and the Chartist agitation , he was interrupted by very audible expressions of disapprobation . At the conclusion of his address he was asked why he voted for the _L'ish Coercion Bill . This was the Colonel's answer * . —
  
  " There was no choice for a man like him but to say , ' I am for rebellion in arms , ' or , * I am not for it . ' He could not hesitate which course to adopt , and he rejoiced that the Government had power to put them down without greater mischief . " Now , without engaging in any attempt to justify the Irish affair—which never amounted to even the ghost of a rebellion—we must ask the Colonel , whether he has always been so squeamish in his notions concerning revolt "inarms" against tho constituted authorities ? It strikes us that the Colonel has , before now , written and spoken a good deal iu praise of the " rebels" who cut off the head of Charles I . We daro be sworn , that in
  
  his " hot youth , when George the Third was king , " the Colonel celebrated the 30 th of January over a calf ' s head dinner , served up with Whig sauce . If wo mistake not , he , some years ago , declared himself in tho House of Commons " a Republican under compact . " Even in his speech at Bradford , he seems to have spoken favourably of the French " rebellion in aims" against Louis Philippe . We imagine , then , that we may fairly set down the Colonel as favourable to rebellions under justillable circumstances . Whether the past hiltory , aud present condition of Ireland , would justify rebellion , it is not our place to determine . Suffice it to say , that the history of that unhappy land is one unbroken record of unparalleled misgovernmont .
  
  The Colonel was asked , why he voted against— -or , as another report has it , why he refused to support the motion for—the liberation of Frost , Williams , and Jones ? He answered , —* - That Government was not likely to grant a petition presented at the point of a pike , because the concession would impl y a defeat . " This is a shabby apology forthe violation of a pledge given by him to the Bradford Chartists at the time of his election , to the effect that he would do his best to obtain
  
  thc liberation of the Welsh victims . When was there a petition presented in their favour on the point of a pike ? Even supposing that he uses the- pike figuratively , wc defy him to point to tacts which would justify his use of such an expression . The fact is , Colonel Thompson has violated his pledge , and his self-impalement on the " point of a pike" will not save him—indeed , has not saved him—
  
  Colonel Thompson And His Constituents. C...
  
  from the contempt . of a majority of his con-Stl Colonel was asked , why he wrote a letter to the Reform Club of Bradford , recommending the middle classes to ami and raise a volunteer corps of forty thousand men that the Government might be enabled , to send the regular troops to Ireland , to cu down the 2 Lng Irii ? He answered , " When people will fight , everybody ought to get « »« i pf . them down . " Very good . _V _/™ Z * % }?™} the M . P . for Bradford will , of course , fight , f masters
  
  he is bidden by his " pastors and therefore , every body ought to put him down . Let us ask tho C olonel whether , when Governments vill fig ht against the people , everybody ought not to get up and put them down ] tf ut who wore the _Bourgeois Guard-the 40 , 000 men in buckram— " to put down ? " Why , not the Irish , but the English working men who sympathised with their Irish brethren . In fact , Colonel THOMPSON desired to establish a liourgeois Guard to keep down the Chartists by " physical force . " On a motion being made for a vote ot thanks to the Colonel , the Chartists very
  
  properly proposed an amendment musing me thanks : the amendment was carried by ten to one , but mark the conduct of the shameless Press-gang . The _" Morning Chronicle of Wednesday , came out with a report of tho meeting , in which it was stated that the original motion was carried by a large majority . It is true thatthe Whig chairman debut th le
  
  clared the amendment lost , e peopwere so enraged at his unfairness , that when a vote of thanks was moved to him , they would not allow it to be put to the meeting . # The Chartists concluded by making a collection at the door for the families of tho Whig victims . Tho sum obtained was collected from the working men only , the Financial Reformers , being economically _inclined , of course gavenothing .
  
  . _„ ,,., Colonel Thompson ' s popularity in Bradford , never very great , has fallen " below zero . He had great difficulty to get a seat , he may have equal difficulty to keop it at the next election .
  
  The American Republic. In The Ancient Wo...
  
  THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC . In the ancient world no foreign power dared to lay violent hands on a citizen ofthe Roman Republic . Ceomwell declared that he would make tho name of Englishman as respected throughout the -world as had been the name of Roman ; aud he made good his declaration . In Ckomwell's time , England was respected by all nations , and her sons were safe in every land . It is not so now ; bear "witness the alleged military MURDER of Dr . Becher , an Englishman , at Vienna , by order ofthe brigand Windisohgratz . We expect this matter will be taken up by some member or members ofthe House of Commons ; if not the stimulus of petitions must be tried , demanding
  
  inquiry . The American Government has not forgotten the traditions of CkOMWELL , and has lately given evidence that it will not allow the sacrifice of American citizens by any foreign power , not even by the big British Government . In the time of "the troubles" in Ireland , last year , two American citizens were arrested in that country , under the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act . Subsequently , upon the strong representations of the American Government , those prisoners wero let out of confinement .
  
  The "New York Nation" of January the 6 th , contained extracts from tho correspondence on this subject , between the two Governments . It appears that the American House of Representatives having passed a resolution on the llth of December , requesting the President to inform them - whether he had received and information that American Citizens have been imprisoned or arrested by British Authorities in Ireland , " in compliauco with that resolution he laid before them copies of the correspondence which passed between Mr . Bancroft , Lord Palmerston , and the Secretaries of State at "Washington . The first letter of importance is from Mr . Toucey , Acting Secretary of State in Mr . Buchanan's absence , calling the attention of Mr . Bancroft to ' -the condition of
  
  those American citizens who have been arrested and held for trial under charge of sedition or treason , " stating that the department at Washington had no official knowledge of arrests , but presumed , from the reports in the public journals that such arrests had been made . Mr . Toucey proceeds : — If upon inquiry , it shall be ascertained that any such arrests have occurred , it will be the right and duty of the government to see that the persons arrested have the full benefit of legal defence ; and it may be , and in tho present instance is , its duty also , to interpose its good offices in their behalf beyond the strict limits of securing for them a full and fair trial .
  
  It is the wish of the President , and he instructs you to urge upon the British Government the adoption of a _iiiag- - uaiiimous and merciful course towards those men who have been implicated in the late disturbances in Ireland . The calamities which have recently befallen her starving population by the dispensation of Providence , in thc destruction of her crops ; the close bonds of sympathy between them and a large class who have removed and established themselves permanently in America ; the national sympathy which has been extensively manifested in acts of charity and good will towards the Irish people , and the unsettled state ot so large a portion of the civilised world , constitute a series of exciting causes , so powerful as to render it hardly possible that an interference or outbreak to some extent should not have taken place .
  
  The active sympathy expressed m this extract , will be appreciated in Ireland . Thc reproof conveyed to the British Government , ill the intimation that an outbreak in Ireland was an event which had been expected in America , must have heen galling to Lord Palmerston and his colleagues . Previous to tho receipt ofthe above communication , Mr . Bancroft had demanded that the persons arrested should be set at liberty . Lord Palmf _. rston replied , "that authentic information had reached her Majesty ' s government and the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland , as
  
  well from the United States as other quarters , showing Mr . Bergen was concerned in treasonable practices in connexion with the late attempted outbreak , " & c . ; and with regard to Mr . Ryan , " the Lord Lieutenant had no doubt of his being guilty of the charges brought against him , " adding : "It has also been shown , to the satisfaction ofthe Lord Lieutenant , that Mr . Ryan was a subject of her Majesty . " Mr . Bancroft , in reply , states , that the claim of Great Britain to perpetual allegiance would not bo submitted to by his Government , and asks the opinion of Mr . Buchanan , the
  
  Secretary of State . That gentleman , in his reply , asserts that " Treason cannot be committed by a citizen ofthe United States against aforeign Government , " and concludes with this emphatic remark— " I need scarcely add , that whenever the occasion may require it , you will resist the British doctrine of perpetual allegiance , and maintain the American principle that British native-born subjects , after they have been naturalised under our laws , are , to all intents and purposes , aa much American citizens , and entitled to the _siime degree of protection , as though they had been born in the United States . "
  
  On receipt of these instructions , Mr BANCROFT , in an official letter to Lord Palmerston , demanded the release of Messrs . Ryan and Bergen , denying the right of England to hold an American citizen amenable to English law , for having expressed an opinion against her policy . This letter had the effect of obtaining the release of the two gentlemen from Newgate prison , on condition of leaving tho country within three weeks . The last letter of the series was addressed by Mr . Buchanan to Mr . Bancroft , approving of his persevering efforts to obtain the release of the prisoners , and , after condemning the ordor issued by the British Government on the 18 th of August , concludes by giving Mr . Bancroft his instructions in these words : —
  
  lhe President has , therefore , directed me to instruct you to protest , in the most solemn and earnest manner which ofiiciil propriety will warrant , against the orders of the
  
  The American Republic. In The Ancient Wo...
  
  British * m _«^ _»»^ J _ f _^ 6 __^ laat , and against the arbltra -7 .. P "„ "' _ ie citizens of _ffUshtiie-f make between' _«^ _«^' _" _^ _and naturalother nations ; and also between our »¦ „ A n __ _, bed citizen * . ' The liberation of _Messrs- _^ _*^^ without _trial-the only American citizen m _^_ J _^ _ department to have been imprisoned _^ _CflSTordera . _eridence that no reasonable cause existed _» rtne 88 oratra Tho form and language of flu . protest _«* g _^ _S _$ despatch as a general guide , is _nubnutted altOgeuiu w juu _» own discretion . How contemptible must Lord _?* __***? _% _haro looked when reading a dispatch OI tniS kiud , containing not ono word of diplomatic humbug , but plain truth — the language of right , with the consciousness that there was the necessary mig ht to back it . God save the American Republic ! Glory to tho Commonwealth of _Jefferson and Washington l i tho 2 nd and 18 th of August
  
  The Portrait Of Smith O'Brien Is Sent To...
  
  THE PORTRAIT OF SMITH O'BRIEN Is sent to Mr . Robinson , 11 , Greensida-street Edinburgh , for our agents in Edinburgh , Alloa Alva , Perth , and Hawick . To Mr . Love , 5 , Nelson-street , Glasgow , for that city , Hamilton , Falkirk , Arbroath , Paisley , Greenock , Kilmarnock , and Aberdeen . To Mr . Lowry , Broad Guards , for Carlisle , Wigton , and Dalston . To Mr . Turnbull , Side , for Newcastle , _Choutorle-strcet , _Casaop Colliery , Seaham Harbour , Durham , "Wingatc Grange , Coxhoc , Jarrow , Shotley Bridge , Tnmdon , Crook , and Old Shildon . To Mr Wilson , Bishop-street , for Stockton , Sunderland , _Bishopwesrittouth , Divrlington , aud South Shields . . .
  
  To Mr . Roberts , _Teter-gate , for York , and Scarborough , To Mr . Cook , Meadow-lane , for Leeds , Bramhope _, Woodhouse , Birstal , Millbridge , Heckmondwikc , Cleckheaton , Barnsley , _Wakefiold , Dewsbury , Batloy , and Batley Carr . To Mr . Cooko , Vicar-lanc , for Bradford , Bingley , Kcig hly , and Thornton . To Mr . Lord , North-gate , for Halifax , Ripponden _, Elland , and nebden Bridge To Mr . Clayton , 10 , Kirkgate , for Huddersfield , Bradley , Dalton , Almondbury , Clayton West , Honley , nolmfirth , and Hey Gap . To Mr . Barraclough , 40 , Far-gato , for Sheffield , and Rotherham . To Mr . Hey wood , 58 , Oldham-street , Manchester , for Lancashire , and Cheshire .
  
  To Mr . J . Sweet , Goose-gate , for Nottingham , Carrington , New Radford , Newark and Retford . To Mr . G . Guest , Bull-street , for Birmingham , and Oldbury _. To Mr . Roberts , James-lane , for Derby , Ironville , _Sutton-in-Ashfield , and Belper . To Mr . Barrow , 7 , Lower Sandacre-street , for Leicestershire . To Mr . Beddow , Bi'idga-str « et , for Merthyr Tydvil , Newport , and Abergavenny . To Mr . _Bus-hby , for Grantham , Horncastle , Market llasen , Gainsbro' and Lincoln . To Mr . nosier , Much Park-street , for Coventry , and Kidderminster . Those agents in Northamptonshire , Worcestershire , Sussex , Berks , Essex , Devonshire , Norfolk , Dorsetshire , and other southern counties , who have not received the portrait , must say how their parcels must be forwarded .
  
  Agents having weekly book p arcels , and who have written to us , will find then ? instructions liave boon attended to .
  
  Receipts Of The Mati0hal Lahb C0mpamv, For Thb Week En*Dino Thursday, Febbuabt 1, 1849. Shares. £ 9. D. * =• D - Easington Lana 0 2 0 Hanley .. 2 2 O Llotston, Camp 1 10 S Burslem .. 5 0^ Bradford (York) 0 12 0 Slcaford .. 0 13 « Cripplegate .. 2 Ic 6 Chelsea, Reid .. 16 0 Mansfield, Walker 2 0 0 John Heffeman 0 3 0 Landcrncan .. 1 19 0 Robert Maul .. 0 14 8 Merthyr, Morgan 1 17 0 Robert Rattaon 0 10 Tewkesbury .. 0 9 0 Richard Griffiths 0 11 0 Norwich .. 2 0 0 Alex. Christie .. 0 5 0 Nottingham, Joseph Guilford 0 7 C Sweet .. 13 4 Henry Guilford 0 7 C Elland, Marsden 1 Is 6 Charles Mowl .. 0 2 0 Ilaworth .. 0 15 0 Leonard Arm-Howsell .. 0 5 10 Strong .. 0 4 0 Hydo .. 5 0 0 John M'Ffeil .. 0 10 Rotherham .. 2 0 0 John Yigurs .. 0 16 Worcester .. 9 7 8 Jamea Cuttriss 0 5 0 Accrington .. 18 9 — Hull .. .. 2 0 0 £50 1 5 Mountain .. 0 8 0 Sim Expense Fund. Thomas Bungay 0 2 0 Haworth .. 0 4 0 Richard Griffith 0 2 G Accrington .. 0 18 Henrj Guilford 0 2 0 Hanley .. 0 2 0 Cripplegate .. 0 3 0 Sleaford .. 0 18 0 Tewkesbury .. 0 16 • Nottingham, £2 0 2 Sweet ., 0 3 0 ¦ Totals. Land Fund .., ... 50 1 5 Expense Ditto ... ... ... 2 0 2 Bonus Ditto ... 94 2 8 Loan Ditto ... ... ... 2 15 0 Transfers ... ... ... ... 0 9 0 Rules 0 0 4 £149 8 7 Em-Atom. —Last Week, Preston Should Havo Been As Follows :—Land, £2 2».; Loan, Lis. ; Executive, 5s. "W . Dixon, C. Dotle, T. Clark, Cor. Sec. P. M'Grmh, ]?In. See. Executive Fund. Ter S. Ktdd—Peterborough, E. A. Scholey, 5s Per Land Office.—Mountain, 8s. New Year's Gift. Ter S. Ktdd.—Bilston, J. Hanimerslev, 8s. ; Peterborough, E. A. Scholey; 7s. 9d. ; A Few Chartists, Ossett, Wakefield, Per J. Archer, Lis. 8d. Defence Fund. Per V7. Riden.-Kirkaldy, Per A. Beattie, 4s.; Ditto, A Few Chartists, Per J. Lessels, 8d. ; Morton Colliery, Per J. Lloxby, 2s. 7d. ; Nottingham, Per J. Sweet, Cd.; Hull, Proceeds Of A Lecture By Mrs. Theobald, Per G. Burnett, 8s. ; Belford, Per J.Jrobson, 3s. 5d. ; Birmingham, E. O'Donnell, Is.; Birmingham, People's Hall, Per W. H. Rudhall, Us. ; Mr* Hannah Gittins,
  
  RECEIPTS OF THE MATI 0 HAL LAHB C 0 MPAMV , For thb Week _En _* dino Thursday , _Febbuabt 1 , 1849 . SHARES . £ 9 . d . * _= d _- Easington Lana 0 2 0 Hanley .. 2 2 o lloTSton _, Camp 1 10 S Burslem .. 5 0 _^ Bradford ( York ) 0 12 0 Slcaford .. 0 13 « _Cripplegate .. 2 IC 6 Chelsea , Reid .. 16 0 Mansfield , Walker 2 0 0 John Heffeman 0 3 0 Landcrncan .. 1 19 0 Robert Maul .. 0 14 8 Merthyr , Morgan 1 17 0 Robert _rattaon 0 10 Tewkesbury .. 0 9 0 Richard Griffiths 0 11 0 Norwich .. 2 0 0 Alex . Christie .. 0 5 0 Nottingham , Joseph Guilford 0 7 C Sweet .. 13 4 Henry Guilford 0 7 C Elland , Marsden 1 IS 6 Charles Mowl .. 0 2 0 Ilaworth .. 0 15 0 Leonard _Arm-Howsell .. 0 5 10 strong .. 0 4 0 Hydo .. 5 0 0 John M'ffeil .. 0 10 Rotherham .. 2 0 0 John Yigurs .. 0 16 Worcester .. 9 7 8 Jamea _Cuttriss 0 5 0 Accrington .. 18 9 — Hull .. .. 2 0 0 £ 50 1 5 Mountain .. 0 8 0 _SIm EXPENSE FUND . Thomas Bungay 0 2 0 Haworth .. 0 4 0 Richard Griffith 0 2 G Accrington .. 0 18 Henrj Guilford 0 2 0 Hanley .. 0 2 0 Cripplegate .. 0 3 0 Sleaford .. 0 18 0 Tewkesbury .. 0 16 Nottingham , £ 2 0 2 Sweet ., 0 3 0 ¦ TOTALS . Land Fund .., ... 50 1 5 Expense ditto ... ... ... 2 0 2 Bonus ditto ... 94 2 8 Loan ditto ... ... ... 2 15 0 Transfers ... ... ... ... 0 9 0 Rules 0 0 4 £ 149 8 7 Em-atom . —Last week , Preston should havo been as follows : —Land , £ 2 2 _» . ; Loan , lis . ; Executive , 5 s . "W . Dixon , C . Dotle , T . Clark , Cor . Sec . P . _M'Grmh , ]? in . See . EXECUTIVE FUND . Ter S . Ktdd—Peterborough , E . A . Scholey , 5 s Per Land Office . —Mountain , 8 s . NEW YEAR ' S GIFT . Ter S . Ktdd . —Bilston , J . _Hanimerslev _, 8 s . ; Peterborough , E . A . Scholey ; 7 s . 9 d . ; a few Chartists , Ossett , Wakefield , per J . Archer , lis . 8 d . DEFENCE FUND . Per _V 7 . RiDEn .-Kirkaldy _, per A . Beattie , 4 s . ; ditto , a few Chartists , per J . _Lessels , 8 d . ; Morton Colliery , per J . lloxby , 2 s . 7 d . ; Nottingham , per J . Sweet , Cd . ; Hull , proceeds of a Lecture by Mrs . Theobald , per G . Burnett , 8 s . ; Belford , per J . _JRobson , 3 s . 5 d . ; Birmingham , E . O'Donnell , is . ; Birmingham , People ' s Hall , per W . H . Rudhall , Us . ; Mr * Hannah Gittins , West Bromwich , Gd . VICTIM FUND . Per Land OmcK-James Stephens , Gd , ; Mr . Wright , ls . ; Globe and Friends , 3 s . ; Commercial Hall , 3 s .: W , D . Sleaford , 2 s . FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES OF VICTIMS . -. _S _T * _KP E _B- ~ T . Jennings , Sible _, Hedingham , 4 s . Cd . ; T . Wood , Tiverton , overpaid Star account , 8 d . M ' _DOUALL'S CASE—FOR WRIT OF ERROR . Per W . _Rim-h . -Nottingham , per J . Sweet , lis . ; P . W . B ., London , Cd . ; 014 Marchel , Aberdeen , per J . Thomson , ls . ; Kettering , perT . Roughton , 5 s . 7 d Per Land Office . —Mr . Wright , is , NATIONAL VICTIM AND DEFENCE FUND . Per J . vo . _Arn'ott . —'• Swindon , £ 1 Gs . 2 d . ; Durham , per Cummins , 3 s . _4 d . ; Brass-side , per ditto , ls , 2 d . ; Ship Inn , Birmingham , per John Newhouse , £ 115 s . ; Mr . Jas . Walsh , Manchester , per ditto , 5 s . ; Halifax , per U . Hinehcliffe , 5 s . ; Hannah Gittins , West Brom-vicli , 6 d . ; Mr . Kieter , as per Star , Ds . 2 d , ; Proceeds of Mr . Cooper's Lectures at the Institution , John-street , £ 2 ls . 2 d . ; Committee of the Institution , John-street , £ 1 ; Limehouse , per Bailey , 2 s . Gd . ; Hoxton Locality , per Chambers , 5 s . ; Ernest ' jone 9 Locality , per Han-op , 4 s . Gd . ; Cripplegate Locality , per Brown , 2 s . Id . * This sum has been acknowledged as for the Defence Fund .
  
  Central Criminal Court. Tost Office Robb...
  
  CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT . Tost Office Robbkrt . — -On Wodnesday , * r 7 illiam George Millner , 23 , postman , was indicted for stealing a letter , containing a key and other articles , the property of the Postmaster-General . — Mr . Clarkson and Mr . Bodkin conducted tho prosecution . — -Tho circumstances of this case were of rather a singular character . It appeared that on thc 9 th of September a lady named Vavasour posted a letter m Watling-streot , addressed to her sister , Miss Elizabeth _MofTatt , at tlie Missionschool , Walthamstow . This letter contained a key , and another letter _addreised to a Miss Kidd . Nothing * _rns heard of this letter until the 18 th of
  
  the same month , when the governess of the school received tho envolope and the key , which had been bent and crushed , and there was also a _slijj . of paper , on whieh was written , '' My name is Wide-awake-Smith . I thought there was gold , Marm-. I sent th _» letters to the office . I only get 12 s . a week , and I shall _thieve when I can , Marm , and you can't help yourself . " Mr . Robert Smith , one of the _superintending presidents at tha Post Offioe , deposed that the prisoner had boen employed for three years inthe Stratford district as an auxiliary letter-carrier and his wages were 12 _n . por week , but he wag only engaged from seren in tho _morning till twelve . It frequently happened that letters _aduresiHiu to
  
  _naitnamstowwero _mia-sorted to Strattord , and the _prigoner would thus hare had an opportunity _^ getting the letter in question In the month of _September ho received _^ by he prat _MLfMoff _^ CU ; _M- ain _^ _,, _two _Pressed to _JJ-Er _^ S ? " Miss Kidd , and also some others papers , which , he produced _™ W ? _, _T _, put in and read , and oocasionod * _tfi l _? l _S btcr * The first was as follows :-- il _k _x key * -Bobby _» and I thought it was gold when I opened the letter . I _haTO boen in the omce gome years , and was honest for _somo time , out 1 _iihall not be so no more for 12 s . a week . I nave had a little money , and means to got more . I am getting a good deal better off—it makes up my w age *—sometimes 22 s . a week "ind sometimes 32 s .,
  
  Central Criminal Court. Tost Office Robb...
  
  you know , Bobby Smith . " Another paper was is ( 1 the following effect : — " All the letters that ai an mis-sont to mv office I burn , except there is mon » n « in them . I will _give you all tho trouble I can . , will take other men's letters and burn them in ththi fire . You never can catch mo . I take them hoinmn before I break the seals , and they are not My * minutes in my place before I burn them . _Fireres fire ! fire ! fire ! fire ! " A third paper was as _fofol ] l 0 Vy : — " I think I can learn you a new gameoe * "When I collect I look out for money letters , _an-nu work on in that way . We are not all Essex calvesesi Bobby . You may lay traps , but you cannot catctcil me . Fire tells no tales . 12 a . a vreok ! " Upoion another paper thero was written : —• " I cannot comem you know , Bobby Smith . _ Another paper was Is
  
  to London thia week , but the auxiliaries want _morertf money I also wish to let you know that 1 a _* nn _* short Of money myself . This is _on- » of my conun _. plaints . Fire tells no tales . Mr . Smith th eoeoi proceeded to state that he subsequently _receirededl another letter , in which there were several _enve-e-. lopes with the addresses cut out , and also someotherer ; slips of papor written upon with a pencil . One ofcfi these was produced , and was to the following offect :::: " If you remember , I sent you a polite note _someiei time back , addressed from Walthamstow , which h . came to me by mistake , Bobby . It lays in yourir power to raise my wages . You think 12 s . a weekk enough for us poor fellows in Essex , but you take _' . e £ 70 D a year yourself , and keep a coal-shed too . IT
  
  have been in tho office several years , but I sha ' ntit bo there much longer , but while I am there I will II burn all the mis-sent letters . It is a month _no-n _* sinco I had a ' couter' ( a slang name for a soTe- > - reign ) , and another will just put mo to rights . If 11 get ton years , I shall laugh at the judge . - ** This paperwas signed " Calcraft . " Evidence was then adduced to prove that thjj ? wholo of these papers were in the handwriting off the prisoner , and Peake , the Post Office constable ,, also proved that upon searching the prisoner' . s room i he found a number of other letters concealed 1 between the mattress and the bed , and also a _; button , which had evidently made the impression on i the letter sent to the mistress of tho school at Wai-.
  
  _thamstow . Tho prisoner , in his defence , told a lon £ rambling _; story , asserting that thc charge had been made * against him from spite . The jury returned a verdict of '' Guilty , "land the » prisoner was sentenced to be transported for seven ; years .
  
  Dr. M'Douall
  
  DR . M'DOUALL
  
  T» The Editob Ok The North*Jrv Star. Sin...
  
  T _» THE EDITOB OK THE NORTH * _JRV STAR . Sin—I hare besn a subscriber to the Star a num . ber of years and have taken an active part in Chartist principles . I saw in your last number Of the Star , that our faithful and _trus friend , Mr . _ttrt-erts , contemplates applying for a Writ of Error in the case ofDr . MDouall , on such good and sufficient _grounds as can hardly fail to e nsure that gentle . man ' s release from the prison tortures to which he has been subjected for so many months . Now , being an ardent admirer of Mr . M'Douall , I wish all my brother Chartists to rouse themselves to action , and
  
  immediately commence subscriptions in their various _diitricts , to enable Mr . Roberts to commence operations , and not allow the worthy Doctor to remain any longer in the hands of his relentless enemies . Every exertion shall be made on my part _» t-H * district to which I belong , and the monies faithfully forwarded , wherever you or others may suggest . Sincerely hoping all true Chartists will use the same exertior in their different localities . I beg toremain . Sir , yours very truly , ia the good cause , Ralph _Bardslky , Cotton Loom Weaver . _Faaaeld , Glasgow District , Jan . 29 th .
  
  The Land. To The Editor Of Thb Norther?"...
  
  THE LAND . TO THE EDITOR OF THB NORTHER ? " STAR . Sir , — -In looking over the columns of the _^ ar , I often see the members located making complaints of distress , and I do not wonder at it , when I see the quantity of land they have to till ; if they , in many instances , had had balf the quantity they would have been better off , if they well stuck to it , for I quite agree with Mr . O'Connor , that three-quarters of an acre is more than any one man can cultivate , If they complain of not beiag able to pay the rent , just let them come into Jersey , and there they will find no Land for less than £ 7 an acre , but much
  
  abore it . and if it be within a mile of St . Helier , it will be £ 12 an acre and upwards . A friend of mine occupies six perches less than half-an-acre , aud he pays £ 11 per year , and sends his praduce to Corent Garden . He told me it paid last year , and he expected it would do better this : it is an open piece of ground with scarcely a hedge to it . Wishing to try the soil , I have taken a piece of ground of about two acres , at £ 9 per acre , with not an inch of fence to it , all of which I must do myself , and only for the year . I treated for an enclosed piece ef nearly an acre . It was promiied me , but there were so many applicants for it at _£ 12 , tbat , the owner would have
  
  it in advance , for security and interest , so I left it . That is how Land is let here , near the town , then ii they who are located complain , what must the people here say who give such rents . So great do I find the labour fcr two acres , that had I not a family of four sons and two daughters , ; I would give up two acres of my paid-up shares and be quite satisfied . I think those who complain are over burdened with Land for their means , and not with rent . Yours most repectfully , Daniel Long , Secretary of the Jersey Branch of the National Land Company .
  
  Mr. Chadwick. To The Editor Of The North...
  
  MR . CHADWICK . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —Believing that you will feel pleasure in giving me the opportunity of vindicating my character , or , at least , setting myself right beforo the publio , through , the columns of your widely-circulatei journal , I take the liberty of laying the following statement before you . I am a young man , and , perhaps , too young to become an agitator ; but , if such an opinion should cause tho public to consider me a spy or an informer , I think the same reason should causo tho public to consider me too young to suffer imprisonment . I am one of those , notwithstanding my extreme youth , who consider that the bulk of . ' the people are not fairly . represented . As ono of tho humblest of _Unpeople , I felt that I was deprived of the undoubted privilege of a freemanand felt it mv duty , in
  
  , common with yourself and others , to openlv oppose the system that deprived myself and others ' of those rights , and thus I incurred tho displeasure ofthe Cotton Corporation of Manchester . The harpies _of this liberty-loving body lost no time in consigning me to a dungeon , as well as many others , who have often stood up against despotism . This thev did bv leading them and mc in chains , bound hand and foot , to Liverpool , where I had to remain a month previous to my trial , waiting for bail . During my detention , a rumour haying crept through my acquaintances in Manchester ( I suppose owing to my youth ) , that I was an informer , and ia _cousequence of such report , for four months previous to the Assizes , Ihadto bear with the most barefaced abuse , while my friends troated mo with equ al indignation , for joining people that could uso me so unkind .
  
  Well , Mr . Editor , the Assizes came , and tbo world can tell whether I stood in the witness-box or in the dock . And I now appeal to the public from my dungeon . I glory it is so ; and I never , for ;' moment , intended that it should be otherwise . 1 stood firm against the one-sided and systematic evidence of the four policemen , and the corrupt perjury of tho notorious Ball . And now I suffer witb old , faithful , and talented victims , that would d *) honour to any cause—men who would compel aa equal number cf the well-paid State paupers to _«) irom the axioms they propound , before the eloquonco of their arguments .
  
  . In conclusion , sir , be assured that this statement is moro for tho purpose of reconciliation than to prove my innocence ; for , as long as I live , neither unfounded rumours , nor tyrant ? jails , shall erer deter me from struggling for the liberty of tbe people . Yours , respectfully , -. , . _, _ William _Hk ' _nut _CuADffieKKirkdale Gaol , Jan . 31 st , 1849 . MM . LOUIS BLANC AND CAUSSIDIERE . TO ME EDITOR OP THE TIMES .
  
  • 7 ~ llavo not at a « y time quitted London ; nevertheless , you say there is a report of our h aving been arrested at Paris . This is not the first time since our arrival in England that similar falsehoods have been propagated . If it be a manoeuvre of o enemies to spread the belief that we are the go " ' rators or _encouragers of anarchy , and that ou hands are in all the troubles which agitate o « r country , this stratagem is one ofthe vilest that to " yet been adopted against us ; and we havo a f « _N right to hold it up for the contempt of honesmen of all parties . Your very obedient servants , Louis _Blasc . _Feh . 1 . Caussidikrk .
  
  A A Ssi Or Iron Factories.—Ono Of The Mo...
  
  A A _ssi or Iron Factories . —Ono of the moit . mportant nei ghbourhoods forthe production of iron on the Ohio river is at a place called _Rankin" Hock . Within a circle of twenty milei there are " thirty furnaces , twenty in Ohio and ten in Kentucky . * Tha produce of all combined amounts . wUen _iufull _ww _* _*) to eiity tons per annum ,
Citation
- Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 3, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_03021849/page/4/

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