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Hammondthreelarly sent Addto do it for M...
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Good Advice.—So long as thou art ignoran...
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DESTRUCTIVE FIRES. Huntingdonshire.—A Vi...
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EMPLOYMENT OF THE POOR. The employment o...
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TIIE SEW YORK "NATION." We liaye receive...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
An Emigrant Ship Disahled. —On The 12th ...
c _; _Thvina _** , Ch .-irl-.-s , and Aaron Hammond , three _% rothei * s ; " Edward UttfcV ; two-brothers named * _% illoit ; _Geon-e Tcitley , married ( brother-in-law of - > '* 6 illot , in whose family five have been killed—two _^ _5-son-in-law and three sobs -. ) John and Thomas Dar-V _* _jrin , _Gcorsrc Winter , Ralph Taylor , Richard Winter , _^ _gSeiiir _Pii-th , _Geoi-ffe Fisher , Thomas Hariisty , - _^• WmiAm Grim es , Edward Atkuison _, _William t _' Umplebv , l > avid Brown ; Amos Harper , married , " 3 "With six children , and his wife pregnant ; George _" Hnrpe- James . Siddons , _Tatrick Darnel , William ' - -Gould , " a bov ; Georee Swift , William Hutchinson , - Isaac- Swift , " William lloyland , Francis Battey , John i _T-ivlor , John and Joseph Ellison , boys , brothers ; John Smith , Oorge Burfitt , Samuel Goodliffe , -J JThomas Littlcwood , _" ~ andhi- * son ; John Kaye , Frank - . ' _-riWilson , a man called "Lankey John , " and six " * whose names are unknown . . " ** ™ - . _t _» l —
* - ' The real owner of the Harley Pits is , wc are informed , the Earl of Dartmouth , who residesat i-and-** -frcll Hall , near Binninghani . ¦ XSowaant Daw * , Friday afferaoon .-The coroner Of thc district , Mr . Thomas Badger , opened the m---flue-a upon thc bodies ofthe sufferers at the Masons . * Arms , Worsbro'Dale , at eleven o ' clock this morning , i-before a hiehly rc .-= _*> ectable jury composed of eighteen _fjvadenis of tlie vicinity . . _C _, In consequence of the arrangements not being _"in complete for conveyinc thejury to thc places where vISVue bodies were lying , two witnesses ( William _^" _-fbBioadhead , an engine tender , and James Armitage , ~ _S _~ _a collier ) , were first examined . -5- The jnrr proceeded in an omnibus to tho places _^ where the " deceased lay . % ' _Satvri _« a \ " Evesixo . —The adjourned inquest
_corne l - mciici'd at eleven o clock this monimg . The first _ _" 3 _f * _witness called was _j | - ~ (' 'mule- - Locke , of Snapethorpe , near Wakefield , £ colliery agent , ( brotherto Mr . Locke , M . P . for Ho-3- niton }! wfiosaid : On thc 10 th of January last , I _. along -3 c ; with Mr . T . D . Jcfi ' cock , of Sheffield , a colliery _gst -viewer and engineer , went into and examined into _& ? - tho Darlev Main Colliery . Wo went into it to as-3 : _¦ nainthe quantity of coal whieh had been sot dur-~ M ing the previous half year . We examined thc _work-% , iuirs as we went along , and found them in my judgl £ ~ _ini-iii . perfectly safe . " The ventilation was very good ~ - % indeed . I went down into the pit again oa Thurd-¦ jf- ' " day morning last ( the morning after the explosion ) , " st- about threeVclock accompanied by Mr . Georire
. -- _? J * ort « _-rMaddison , a colliery engineer , and a _nnmlicr _jf' of Miner- * . ( Mr . Locke stated the course they took _^ Through th e pit ) . I observed that several of the * f * . _stoppiiiss and doors had been blown down . In the _7 _£ ' explosion , seventy-five persons , whose bodies have - » j § been identified , were killed . I considered the pit ' % was well ventilated . Itwas considered so safe that * _3 § ; tlie men worked with naked candles . The col--0- _lii-rs have complained of their having burnt too many _* j * candles , in _consequence of the great quantity of air _S in the pit . We _hif-pccied the pit on the 10 th inst ., with
_^ naked candles , as wc considered it safe to dc % _s-o . In search for the bodies , we used a Davy lamp . % There may have been some accumulation of gas in _^ th e old workings . They had worked the coal off to _^ the throw , and where the old workings had fallen ' _% in , gas had accumulated . In my opinion , the recent Jf ' _hiffii winds have checked the ventilation ofthe mine , _^ mid thus caused the explosion . I cannot blame any " _# one . I consider it was purely an accident , arising Is . from circumstances unknown . I am not aware tliat " -t there has been the least unpleasantness between the _ owner of tlie colliery or their superintendents and
/ the men . _•^ James _Beacmoxt , colliery agent to Messrs . Field , " \ Cooper , and Co ., of Wodthorpe _ Colliery , deposed : _$ |_ On Wednesday morning , a little beforo twelve M .- o ' clock , I proceeded to the upcast ah- shaft ofthe J § - Darlev Main pit , and found the air coming out all 0 _ri-rht . " I afterwards went down the pit shaft with = || 31 r . Maddison and others . We fonnd Mr . Broad' % - head and some others near the pit bottom . They %% ¦ ¦ had gone down before us . In consequence of what _M-j thcy ' stid , wc proceeded on the low level to the top iS flf the engine board gate , where wc found a stopping _?§;• blown down . Near " to the top of the broad-gate , % . which we passed to thc engine , we found the air iff heavily loaded with after-damp . We threw the doors open between the pit bottom and the top of the en-II : _jrmc board-gate , and let the water out of the boiler -s ? - to cxtiii £ ruish thc fnrnacc fire . We then found two
-j * * boys alive close by the engine . We sent them out , fr and a little distance off , we found a man , named i _^ Th ornton , fast in the board-gate , under some corves . Isfr . ' On account of the foul air , we were obliged to turn _£ y _bntk iuto the fresh air . ( The witness detailed the ff | _tfxwiions mad ? io rescue the sufferers , and the find-_ i ins of many dead or alive . ) About six o ' clock that % *•¦?•• _' ** came out ofthe pit , being unable , from ex-¦ ' " f- liaustion , to remain there longer . On Thuts . lay S ; morning , at six o ' clock , I again went down into thc . _* * pit with " Mr . G . P . MftdJison , Mr . Locke , and others . -W In consequence of an alann given , v _* c went out of t : ihe pit iiimiediatcly . Some parties at the top of the rfiaft liad called out to us that thc pit appeared un-| _p Kif .. ' . After a time , we went down into the pit S |; _a-jain and stopped at thc slit , and then went forward * 3 _T aVnl fctrhi-d out thc bodies we had before found .
_iS' ( The witness went on to describe the state of the _£ ¦ ¦ working .- * when he went into the pit . ) There was . § " little other -laina-rc done than the blowing out ofthe it _Moppiiiifs . I only siw onc corve that was broken . g There v . _-.-re _^ e ven horses killed , and three escaped . _* I think the explosion was very weak compared with il that which took p lace in February , 1 _S 47 _, when six 3 |? jb < _-ii were killed . I do not know what state thc pit _^ w . _'is in before the explosion , but , from what the men _i : fay , there was a good current of air . I tliink tlie J * explosion had been partly caused by the late prcva-M lent high winds . I have not heard any one blamed .
U ( Witness made some _suggestions as to thc mode of g improving the ventilation of tho pit , ) Thompson , W the foreman , must have thought the pit was safe , jl or he would not have remained in it . He was , as I I Lave btated , one of those who was injured . _Ccr-E lainly onc more air-gate would have prevented it . — | i A . _lur-ir : J { ut why were you ( in Cooper ' s pit ) not § 5 _exj « .- _"ed to the same danger from the hi gh _K _winilsf—Witness : These pits _ai-eso diftorent from _ K <' ui" < thai the danger is much srrc .-iter . Wc mi g ht | _trfji the ventilation in ours for six hours without an ¦ f ; accumulation of gas , which would take place in jr tliis pit .
C ' _Eonsr . Pouter _Mauhisox , coal-agent for Messrs . _Fit-M , _CV'ipcr , and Co . —A little after twelve o ' clock I went down the Darlev Main pit , along with James Beaumont . We found tlie air good at the bottom until we arrived :. t the dip level . There between the two levels we found a stopping displaced , and a portion of the air _passing through into the return siU _' - £ . _* ite- For safety v . -c had the unders-round _f-n-riiie fire put out . ( The witness stated . « ome particulars as to the currents of air and the state of ihe pit . ) I was also present during the following day ( Thursday ) . From what I have seen I think the exp ' o _.-i-jii took place iu tlie extreme cast or dip work , near lo the throw . I think it has not been a sudden explosion . The men were so severely burntalong
, tin- whole workings , that it must have been more a hanging or slow-spreading fire than a sudden blast . Ir li *! * not omirrcd in one portion of the pit onlv , bin in three distinct portions of the workings . It lias < l « . ne extremely little damage to the pit com--iai-.-d with _rhe severity of the binning on the men and hoys . I should siy that the primary cause was ih . * prevalent hi gh winds ; for I find iu this district , that the thick bed coal generates a more highly car-¦ 'iiieiied hydrcgea than in other mines of the north which I am acquainted with . Thc carbon beimr luuvh heavier than hydrogen , I have no doubt that _th-i-arlio-i 3 s , in a measure , separated from the
' ¦ ymv- gen . thereby causing the carbon to he more in liie curren t of tho air than the hydrogen . So soon a _« the i-urhc-n leaves , thc _hydroiren will _lodirc in the old breaks of the superincumbent strata . " The _Ti-ntil-ixiwn might he better ifthe doors and _stoppings iii the pit were in a proper working state . I think the pit would have a sufiii .-it .-iit quantity of fresh air for fair working—the quantity of air passing in the intake level being about ( 5 , 000 feet per minute . Thc current of air in a pit is always Mrongernear the ground . I cannot say that the - xphision was caused by any neglect . I _cons-ider it has omirrcd from accidental circumstances . I could l « blame anv one .
i _iioMi ' . so . v , the underground steward , was unable , hi _cei-Hi-iicucc of _^ the injuries he had received , io _"i'U'isd tii give evidence to-day . i'r . Thomas lUwx Jeffcock , . of Sheffield , colliery " _¦¦ . ' •• _iit . —1 was through thc whole of the workings of I- ! - _Iiarlcy Main Colliery , on the 10 th ultimo , along " » _u-i Mr . C . Locke , taking the half-yearly _adinea" -. u _.-nieiit . : md was in every place where the men weiy .-it work . Wc descended about eleven o ' clock mi tic forenoon , and came out about five in the - ¦ tcrnoon . We went through the whole of our _> uney with naked candles . The ventilation was I . - ' - ' ; _jK-i-fecily _saii-factory , and the -. nit in a safe
!; . ' " SLitc . lam nraetieallv acquainted with « . _'UM-. es . Assuming that the _air-irates and _stowj-aiw wyrem perfect order , mv opinion inclines to i- _'ie beju _.-f tliat the continuous cnlcs _« f v . hid mar . are impeded or baffled the vekilation and _adn-med , _ome of the foul air to . icumniate il , ? he ¦ reakmgs _, and it may be that , on some ofthe men _* _-io were working with tlieir naked candles going there ¦ , it ignited , thc effect of which would be thi _*»^ ul explosion which lias taken place . Many ofthe _i-i-.-n would be kiiled by the explosion , and others ' ' <>« M ue suffocated by the after-damp . I have not « _jx : iii _.-i : cd the mine since the accident . There were ' 'i ! _-ic board-rates to all thc- deen workin-rs . and
_»< te-. "' _'V 1 atc' Il , at T - 10 ui _r- ? 0 " . the under-ground » i ,. ( ' *\ _* -tu a Tcl * v _soou character , being m _ ' n u , , ' ,, " _" ' < - as quite competent to take the _ma-SU-iriv , "' , - tte vei « ilation , and to look after thc _BacSf- "" ! T' of _logwood . Worshrough Dale , ¦ _^^ ; -r _^ _, _S tL , hott _™ « f the _dip-¦ _fc- _*>« - _= T } _- ;„ 1 : . CSi ! :, - ' , _^ ] ien _rt _* oxplosion took K « _-n : i . l thai n _..-t " , ' _^ _midc _j ; _-ground steward , went _»« _w : ' wa _«^ i „ 1 0 ; tU f _vorkin t ° see ' _^ _i'ie h-. f _,..., : ' : ¦ _' _?• _, " _* _; "ad i : ot done that for some _§^ _MUIC t fkcc vf the f _|^ v _^ _^ . viie . l hompsoa had lvifu-
An Emigrant Ship Disahled. —On The 12th ...
larly sent George Addy to do it for Mm up to this morning . I have gone- regularly to my work . When I got to my place to work that ( Wednesday ) morning there was a shovel put in the hurry road . The shovel being put there was a sign for us to keep our candles lowr It was the duty of Thompson to put the shovel there as a caution to us . The sulphur had been lodging in some of tlie old breaks for some time . We had nothing to do there , but some men were employed to take some posts down . Thompson knew a * s well as the men thatthe sulphur liad collected in tlie old breaks , and in the holes . The sulp hur stopped the men working in those places , as there was not a sufficient current of air to clear them . What air there has been has not 1 _»** 1 * t .... _« J . /* -. _nt-n .-. t A A _~ _* _in An i _+ _£ n-M 1 * 1111 * 1 _tlTTi + /* l + It In
liad a regular course , because thty have put the coal in so many places , and had so ma nv holes going . Thompson was put in power to see that the p laces were right . I considered him a competent man for Ins situation . He had been round once that morning to examine thc workings , and was in our board-gate , going round a second time , when it happened . I thmk he could not have apprehended tli . _* . t there was any danger . —Whom do you blame for the explosion ? I blame both Thompson and Oeqrge Addy . tbe underground managers , for allowing the men to work in places which were not fit Ui work in They were put in power to sec that the men did not work in places wluch were not fit . —Don t you think that the fact of their both going
in tnosc places themselves shows that they thought they were fit for the men to work in ? Tes , but it had got so bad that it could not be fit for us to work . Some ofthe men would have spoken about it , but they were afraid of losing their work . —Whv did you not stop out of the pit if it was in this state ? Well , I ' ve heard the men talk about it . —I cannot take as evidence anything that you have heard . Did you ever apprehend any danger ? I did . —It does appear to me very odd that if you thought there was danger to be apprehended you should still go to work in the pit . —A Juryman : I believe the colliers many times go to thoir work in dread . —Coroncr : But they arc not bound to go into the pits if they are not safe . What do you think was the cause of the explosion ? Witness : It has
been done _through taking away all the coal before them , and throwing it all dead * behind , so that the wind could not get down behind them . —Do you mean to say that the late high winds have not had to do with the accident ? It may have had something to do with it , but it has been through sulphur lying iu the works . —What has made it lay there 1 Because no current of air could get to it to carry it away . —Do you think that if you had apprehended danger you would have gone to your work as you did ? Thc men have thought it over and talked of it . —You must not tell me what the men havo said . I don ' t understand as much as the others , but I ' ve heard the men talk of it . —What don ' t you understand ? Why , what has been wrong in the pit . —
Was there no air in thc workings ? No , it was cut off ; the wind could not get where they had taken the coal out . —Was there no regular current of air ? Xo . Ji" they had gone on getting the coal in the regular straight course then the place would have been left clear . —I cannot comprehend what this witness says . Will any of the jury ask him any questions ?—A Juryman : What he means is , that the coal having been got irregularly , holes were left , in which the gas accumulated in the old workings , and the current of air not reaching it did not carry it off . —Coroncr ( to the witness ) : Do vou think that Thompson putting the shovel in the hurry-way was right ? Yes , that was meant as a caution for me to work with mv candle low , and
that there would have been danger in putting the candle high . —What do you blame Thompson for tliat you dare not speak about ? He has been told about this sulphur . The men dare not come out for fear of being turned off their work . —Can you bring any evidence that you complained to him ? Tiierc are some men here that heard some of them that is killed say the same as I have . —Do you think it , has been au accident , or that anybody cbnld have prevented it ? I don ' t exactly know about that . — Who do you think is to blame with regard to thc explosion ? I have no one to blame in regard to it . —Have you had any relations killed 1 > y the explosion ? Yes , three brothers . —It seems very odd to me that you should first say one thing- and
then another . Might not the explosion have hap . penc-d if there had been thc greatest care , and without anybody being to blame ? Yes , it might . —Do you think it had been wilfully or negligently done ? _Xo . —Do you say it has been * an accident ? * Ycs . Coroner ( to thc Jury ) . —There may , and always will be , in the workings ot pits like these , some accumulations of gas , and men cannot always be brought to attend to it . I lately met with a case where a man , who had been cautioned , held up his candle to sec where it was , and the gas exploded , and killed him and several others . The witness , in answer to a juryman , said that the men were getting pillars out ofthe old workings with naked candles when the explosion took place . Thc Cohoskr then read a letter wliich he had
received from Sir George Grey , the Home Secretary , iu answer to a communication from the magistrates at Barnsley , in which Sir G . Grey stated that if it was their opinion that the presence ofsome person on the part of the government to wateh the proceedings was necessary , the government would send one . The coroner remarked that thc question was brought by him before the jury at their last meeting , and they then expressed a wish that it should remain until to-day , when they would decide about it . In case they should wish such an application to be made , he had prepared a letter to forward . He understood Sir II . de la Beche and Mr . Smyth , who were sent down by thc government to enquire respecting the explosion at the Oakes Colliery in 1847 , inspected the pit , but did not make any report to the jury to aid them in the inquiry .
Alter some conversation between the coroner and thejury , the conclusion was that the coroner should apply to the government to send down an inspector . _Geokge _Annr , fireman at thc Darlev Main pit , said—I do not know the cause of the explosion . I have every morning gone down the pit to inspect the works , except on Wednesday , when I was preventod by illness . I was down on Tuesday , the day before the accident , and found all the works safe and workable . There was plenty of air then and the men complained of their often being such a current as to cause their candles to gutter . The men worked with naked candles . I have tried the workings ninny tunes , but I never fonnd sulphur in any of the working breaks . I seldom missed a day trying them . The men went to work on Tuesday morning , and _bewail to work , but in consequence ofthe rough weather the banksman could not stand at the top , . and thc men were called out .
Joii . v Il . - . nri _* ' _' , collier—I was working down the dip board on Wednesday , when thc explosion took _pl-iec . I was not hurt . _Xone of the men are to blame for the explosion . My hole was clear when I went to work about six o ' clock . I tried my hole before I stripped . After I had been in my hole , I went down to the bottom of thc dip-board , and on lookbigtherelfouud there was a little sulphur at the top of the candle . I went into the hole above , but there was none in that hole . There was a littie
sul p hur in the break . I did not go into the break , as it was not my duty to go there . 1 was working when thc explosion took place . We were all working when the explosion took p lace . We were all working with naked candle- " . We considered it safe where we were . I think it fired at the dip-board , at the back of where I was working , about thirty yards off . I think it was an _accidentT No man set it on fire purposely . _Notwithstanding I have lost a son , I cannot say , to speak the truth , that any one was to blame .
At the _vet-w-st of Mr . Jobn Jeffcoek , one of tlie owners of the pit , William _SiMLEY , T ) anksman , was called to explain why the men were unable to work on Tuesday . It was in consequence of the very hi g h wind which prevailed , and not from any anticipated danger in the pit . Xone of the men complained of any danger . About half-past five o ' clock the inquest was adjourned to Thursday . During the afternoon the greater part of the unfortunate sufferers were interred . Five large graves were made in the churchyard at Worshrough .
Hammondthreelarly Sent Addto Do It For M...
; Febkpa ry 3 , 1849 . THE _NORTHERN , STAR . ' 7 _____________ __ mamm-- _^ -mmmmm _\~ t _^^_______________^____ m __ mm _^^ I I ¦¦ , _ .. . . . ¦¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ . . ¦ ¦ - - i ¦ i ¦¦ i ¦ _i-i ¦ ' - ' ' —¦¦*¦ ¦ ' ¦¦¦ - _n - - _—i
Good Advice.—So Long As Thou Art Ignoran...
Good Advice . —So long as thou art ignorant never be ashamed to learn ; _helhat is so fondly modest not to acknowledge his own defects of . knowledge , shall in time be so loudly imputed as to justify his own ignorance . Ignorance is thc greatest of all Infirmities , and justified , the greatest of all follies . — Quarter . . Ditto . —K two omnibuses are racing , never hail the first , unless you have a particular fancy to be run over bv the second . Ambition . —The desires of an ambitious man increase with his fortunes ; all that is more elevated than he makes him appear little in Ids own eyes . — _Afaintenon .
Scarcity of Young Celebrities . —It is rather curious at first , to one unfamiliar with tlie artistic world , to sec how little youth is to be met with amongst the celebrities . Our young poets are middle-aged men ; our rising authors are bald ; our distinguished painters are passing into the " sere and yellow leaf ; our very " young Englanders" arc getting grey and pursy . The truth is , life is short , and art is lomr ; and although a privileged man docs sometimes in lhe ardour of youth , reach thc summit of reputation at a bound , either from the prodigal richness of his g euius , or from bavin" the favour of the movement , vet , as a general rule , celebrity is slowly gained , and not without many years of toilsome effort .
IiEroiiM ix the DocKYAnDS . — On Saturday last appeared a circular to the Superintendents of her Majesty ' s Dockyards at home , siirned bv Mr . II . 0 . _W--ril , Secretary to the Admiralty , " awl dated , " Admiralty , 25 th January , 18-19 , " transmitting to the Superintendents twenty-six minutes by " the Board of Admiralty ; which , taken together , set forth a plan fw _vv- ' . v . v ing the expenditure and increasing the _cfe'iencv of the Dockyard _establishments .
Good Advice.—So Long As Thou Art Ignoran...
v . _yPx" £ ESTIYA I * lIOXOUll OF THE _phw DAY 0 F THE _IMMOR-TAi _THOMAS On Sunday evening last , at the Literary , and Ter InB t * tuti <> n John-street , two hundred andi fifty persons partook of an excellent tea served "P by Mr . Davis . After tea the public were admitted at the usual charge , when the spacious hall and gallery became densel y crowded , not even standing room being available . There could not have been less than 150 B persons present . Mr . _IIksuy _IiETiiEnixoTON took the chair amidst much applause and said : It was gratifying to see thencall responded to by such a very numerous meeting , and was a very good proof ofthe " growing intelligence of the age . What man ever enunciated such forci-T 1 TTTIT Y SM a _<•* . * _" " . »*•¦'¦ _. . _
ble argumentative principles as those put forth by Thomas Paine in his " First principles of Government ? " He defied any man to read this and then say that men were not entitled to their political rights .. ( IIc . tr , hear . ) Paine , even in his time , did not stop at political rights , but wrote his ' - Agrarian Justice , " setting forththe great principle , that every eouple should have a start in life ; he advocated this , because , as he said , tlie people liad been robbed of their ri ghts by ' * a wax-work nobility . " ne rejoiced in such meetings as these , they combined instruction and amusement , and elated us with hope for the future . Modern reformers had embodied social ' with political ri g hts , and it was a fact that the land of this country would , if properly cultivated , support the
population of the world . Talk not to him of overproduction whilst so many mouths wanted filling , and so many backs wanted clothing . ( Loud cheers . ) In conclusion , he must again express his pleasure in seeing so many present , doubtless with a view of assisting in getting rights , for the whole people . ( Great applause . ) Mr . E . J . Holyoake gave " Thc People—may they have the courage to attempt all wliich ought tO bO attempted , and the calculation which forecasts for victory . " He said , he thought so well of the people that he would place any power in their hands , with the certainty that they would use it generously , and he would rather place power in the hands of tlie whole people than in the hands of anv section ; but
he should do so , at the same time , with the understanding that great things were expected from them _, lie would like to sec a little more spirit shown by the people—not merely shouting for victory , . but attempting to obtain it . Whatever the people wished should be gained by the people ; surely it was not ri ght for them to be . for more than half a century , merely shouting for those things -which Paine taught thein ao wisely aud so well . ( Cheers . ) In signing thc Deed of Independence , Hancock said to Franklin : " Now , we must all hang together . " " Yes , " replied Franklin , " if wc do not , wc most assuredly shall bang t' paratelu . " ( Loud Cheers . ) 2 fow _, this was thc " forecast for victory . "
Mr . A . _Camtbell said they met to assert the rights of all , although he would not obstruct any that went for sectional liberty or rights , provided it was a step in the right direction _. > Speaking perhaps prophetically , he _saidr Should Cobden succeed in striking off ten millions of taxes , it would not benefit thc working-men , ns want of _employment was the great disease of the country , aud their great effort s'hould be made to elevate- physically , morally , politically , and socially ,, tho condition of the people . ( Cheers . ) Miss Dyer , a young lady , said " : It is not possible for man to be free whilst woman is a slave . ( Loud
cheers ' . ) While celebrating so joyously the birthday of Thomas Paine , let us not forget another great man who , with the " Bights of Man" in one hand , and the' " Age of _Ilcason" in the other , went forth conquering and to conquer , and established free discussion—she meant Richard Carlile . ( Loud cheers . ) They did not meet in the spirit of man-worship , but nevertheless she should like to see their great men ' s birthdays celebrated as their noble deeds deserved , and when she saw the people doing this , she should believe it to be a truthful indication of the " Good time coming . " In conclusion , she would give them , as a sentiment : Woman—and may she continue to detect errors . " On resuming her scat Miss Dyer was greeted with applause .
Mr . ItoBERT BucnA * s _* A * f , in giving " The Democratic and Social Press , " said , this was the means by which all measures of progression must be obtained . In ancient , days they had but two classesmasters and slaves ; but more recently a middle class had sprung up , whose interest it appeared to be to got all the wealth produced hy the Proletarians into their hands , so that they might distribute it to their own profit and advantage ; and all recent moves had been undertaken to elevate this class , but the future was for the Proletarians . ( Loud cheers . ) By the means ofthe printing pressby the aid of tracts and newspapers—had the middle classes worked out successfully their object ; first raising a commissariat , then distributing tons of
tracts , and establishing a newspaper in every county ; whilst , unfortunately , thc Chartists had warred amongst themselves , and destroyed their bright prospects by internal divisions . He said this in sorrow , as he agreed with the principles of Chartism to the full —( cheers)—and whilst ne spoke this of the Chartists , lie must not forget thc Socialists , for they too had been like tho Kilkenny cats , pulling each other to pieces . We must ( said the speaker , ' ) be more careful for the future , and above all look to our newspaper press . In this respect we are worse off than continental nations . In Franco the Democrats had an organ ( the Repuhlique ) , circulating forty-five thousand copies daily . He knew that the penny stamp and the duty on paper stood
in the way here , and ho regretted tucse things did not occupy a more prominent position in Mr . Cobden ' s budget ; but even under present circumstances he thought thc people might do much better if they would stand up like men and demand papers which advocated their political and social rightsdemand them hi coffee houses , and in the libraries which they frequented ; if thoy did this in a businesslike maimer , they might have a daily paper circulating ten or twelve thousand copies . ( Hear , hear . ) Tlie Chairman said : Mr . Buchanan had left out one most important point—that was , to tell them that there was one paper that advocated social rights , ( many voices from the body of thc hall and gallery— " two " do not forget the Northern Star ;)—yes , he was about to add the Northern Star to the Spirit of the Aye , as a people ' s paper ; hut he
looked upon the Star as being more of a political paper , although he was proud to see their friend Robert Owen s letters in its pages —( loud cheers)—and ho thought it tho imperative duty ofthe people to support those two papers . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Walter CoorEii said—Wo have met to-night to do honour to the memory of Thomas Paine , a man whom our fathers burnt in effigy—a man whose principles had been declared only worthy of the scum of the earth—a name used as a scarecrow to frighten children . ( Laughter and applause . ) We revere Paine * s memory because he was thc advocate of truth and justice , and all men who stood up in favour of those principles must expect persecution . Yes , if you would wear a crown you must bear the cross . ( Cheers . ) The sentiment he had to propose was— " Paine and Democracy . " ( Loud cheers . ) The famous speech of George III . had called forth the much more famous and forcible
reply of Thomas Paine , called " Common Sense , which raised up the War of Independence , tliat ended in the establishment of a glorious Republic . The Americans liad talked of over-taxation . Paine at once said that " Taxation without representation wy . s tyranny , and ought to be resisted , " and asked if it would not be much more sensible to govern themselves than to look for representation in a little island some three thousand miles away . Paine ' s pen bad done more than the sword of Washington in eiiccting American independence . ( Cheers . ) After the battle of _Bi-andywinc , tbe American army . became dispirited . Paine immediately wrote the inspiring sentiment— " These arc the times to try men's souls . " The effect was electrical . Their
drooping spirit was revived—they regained their wonted energy—renewed the battle , and their efforts were crowned with success , lie ( iii * . W . Cooper ) had great faith in the prophecy that the time was coming " when truth would lie as palatable and profitable as that of falsehood was now . " True , error lives gaudily nnd luxuriantly , but shortly ; whilst truth , dressed iu the garb of pure simplicity , and fanned by noble hearts , would live for ever . Mr . Cooper resumed his seat amidst great applause . Mr . Lloyd Jones said , we meet to rescue the memory of Paine from the slanders heaped upon it . A man who had recently published a work on democracy was said to have received a large sum for the copyright '; but Paine refused largesses for his
copyri g ht , m order tliat the people might have the _t _* Mi advantage ofwhat his powerful pen had written for them , and those works went forth , like pillars of light , pointing thc way to freedom . ( Loud cheers . ) What should we he without America to point tot Here w as a great nation without nobles and without paupers . The- people existed before either kings , priests , ov aristocrats ; and kings , priests , and nobles nib-lit he driven ont of a country , but the people never could . Tvrauts always flatter . Thus , the Provisional Government of France was composed o men ofthe first water , during thc first month ot the Republic , but , wheu their moderation liad caused luft and Cava K
their failure , tJiey became _-ans , . gn . became a redeeming angel . Then was _-kiuk , _J-a-•• olcon , " my uncle ' s nepfyw ; " but now _l"' _^ * - _i-ition and his determination to keep down the Red Kepublicans- ( laug hter ) -made him a more _respect-iblc aiid wis er man . ( Increased laughter . ) He co ' _-dialTv responded tothe sentiment , " Panic and _IVninc-iicv . ( Loud cheers . ) Thei C » v _ioia- n rose to g ive thc last sentiment , as follows : " Robespierre , and thc other martyrs to S ° _t- T _¥ O'iLx rose to respond . He said , he much feared that there were many who never he * n t + 1 . A tvimo Of Max milmn _Kotiespierre , _cxct-. n ° ' _vXventl ingodiousraul horrible . When he _sas _^ r _^ _- _* - ** - _^* _- _^
Good Advice.—So Long As Thou Art Ignoran...
that iu England , France , and Germany , upwards of forty _woi-iis-had appeared ; all _* temling t to rescue thc memory ot this great mind froin' odium and calumn v , andscarcelya large mooting was held at which the memory of Maximilian Robespierre was not toasted . ( Jxmd cheers . ) Robespierre was an advocate for the unrestricted liberty ofthe I-ress-for a national system of education , so that , from earliest youth , all might be trained _equals-u portion of that system ot education was the science of practical a _g riculture _, lie was opposed to state churches-and would have no paid priests , whilst he gave unrestrained liberty of conscience to all . He held that a nation requiring a standing army , must be a nation of slaves—Robespierre said : " Let every man be a soldier , and when his military duties are over , let him fall back into the rank of the citizen "—and he held that the soldier who raised his arm _asrainst a
citizen , should be deemed an assassin . Such was Robespierre—his constitution was a perfectly democratic one embracing all the points of the People ' s Charter . ( Loud cheers . ) Robespierre was called by his enemies " the incorruptible . " Napoleon Bonaparte had said of him , when at St . Helena , "that not all the money ' in Europe would have caused him to betray the Republic . " ( Cheers . ) Robespierre was murdered , because ho said that mere political reforms were useless , except the people were taught to use them as a means to effect their social ri ghts . Robespierre said wo found the people ° ai < s culotte ; let it be said , we left them rniotte—that is , wc found thein _clothcslcss , let us leave them well clothed ; wc find them ignorant , let us give them intelligence—in fine , to substitute tho greatness of man for the littleness of the great . ( Loudcheers . )
The delivery of ono or two speeches was followed by the ' Marseillaise , " which concluded the proceedings of the evening .
NOTTINGHAM . On Monday evening last , a very numerous' party of the admirers of thc above eminent political writer , gave a public supper in the large room at tlie Seven Stars Inn , which was most tastefully fitted up for the occasion . After ample justice had been done to the good tilings of this life , Mr . James Sweet was called upon to preside , and Mr . Cartwright occupied the vice-chair . The chairman opened the business of tlie evening , in his usual earnest manner , congratulating the company , that so many had mot upon this occasion to do honour to thc never-dying principles advocated by that great man , whose memory they had met to perpetuate ,
and submitted the following proposition , which was spoken to by Mr . Thomas Itoper , an old _vctei-au Reformer , of nearly fourscore years of age . vie was followed by Mr . Christie , iu support of the same : " The memory of the immortal patriot , Thomas Paine—may reason and common sense guide Ids disciples in their warfare with the enemies of thc Rights of Man . " Drank in solemn silence , upstanding , uncovered . —Proposed by Mr . Cartwright in a telliug speech , and seconded by Mr . Dowse : " The sovereignty of the people . " — Thc chairman then called upon them to respond to the following proposition : " The health of Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P . for Nottingham , and founder ofthe National Laud Company : mav he live to see
Ins humane and philanthropic principles triumphantly carried into practice , and the working classes in the full enjoyment of their political and social rights . " The chairman said , in submitting the above proposition , he need not remind the present company of the many great and good services 3 Ir . O'Connor liad rendered to the labouring classes . of the United Kingdom , and he was happy to observe that the prejudices of the middle and the upper classes were fast giving way as regarded that gentleman ; and he felt certain " that thc more those classes mixed in society with him , thc sooner they would be convinced of the necessity of doing full and ample justice to the hitherto outlawed and down-trodden sons of labour . Responded to with all
the honours , the whole company _joininir in , _sinking " The Lion of Freedom , "— Thc next proposition " . " The Rights of Labour , " was spoken to by Messrs . Whitley and Wall . —Mr . Radford proposed , and Mr . Smith seconded : " The , advocates of the People ' s Charter iu tho House of Commons , and may their numbers be speedily augmented . " — The sixth proposition was moved by Messrs . Roper and Rostock , in neat speeches : " Thc memory of John Home Tooke , Thomas . Spence , Henry Hunt , William Cobhett , Major Cartwright , and the illustrious dead , of every age and nation , who by their voice or their pun , have demanded for every man of due age , and sound mind , the ri ghts of citizenship ; may their spirits animate their successors , until tho working
millions are free . " Drank in silence . —The seventh proposition , was moved in a lengthy speech ( which elicited applause ) by Mr . Bamford , seconded by Mr . Wardley : " The health of our esteemed friend and Parliamentary leader , Thomas Slingsby Duncombe , Esq ., may he be enabled to take his place in the British Parliament at the opening of the ensuing session , and teach thc people ' s opyvessors that unless freedom of person and speech is guaranteed to them , that they may expose the wrongs under which they labour , and claim the rights to which they are justly entitled , there cannot bo either peace or prosperity for our country . " Rounds of applause followed this proposition . —The chairman
then stated , that it was desirable a collection should be made for Dr . M'DouaU ' s writ of error case , lie hoped every one present would remember the men who wore suffering imprisonment , and expatriation from their country for advocating their cause , let no man plead excuse , let them throw away the filthy pipe , or use it less , and give their mites to support the wives and families of their brethren , and thus show their gratitude , and cheer thc gloom of their . suffering friends . A collection was then made , and promises of further support given . Thanks being given to the committee , the chairman , and vice-chairman , the company separated , highly gratified with the evening ' s
entertainment
IPSWICH . At the meeting of the Utilitarian Society on Sunday last , at tlie " house of Mr . J . Cook , Upper Orwell-street , Mr . Spilling delivered an able address on the Life and Writings of Thomas Paine , when the following resolution was adopted : — "Thatthe members of the Ipswich Utilitarian Society desire upon this , the eve of the anniversary of the birth-clay of Thomas Paine , to express tlieir . id miration of his genius and character , as having been the first in modem times to ignite the
torch of freedom and raise the standard of political truth . " After which , Mr . S p illing delivered an excellent lecture upon the first book of Thomas Cooper ' s " Purgatory of Suicides , " being the first ofa course to be delivered every alternate Sunday evening till thc conclusion of the work , one book being taken for each lecture . Thc lecture gave general satisfaction , and was received with much applause . The meeting terminated with tho formation of n lecture fund for the purpose of securing the services of some popular gentleman to lecture iu Ipswich .
OLDBURY . Thc birthday of Thomas Paine was celebrated on the 29 th ult ., ' by an excellent supper , after which the usual patriotic toasts were given and responded to , and the meeting dispersed . MERTI 1 YR-TYDVIL . The birthday of Thomas Paine was celebrated by a supper in the Land Company ' s room on Sunday last , and after the usual patriotic toasts had been given and responded to , the meeting separated .
Destructive Fires. Huntingdonshire.—A Vi...
DESTRUCTIVE FIRES . Huntingdonshire . —A Village Destrovbd in * Fire . —On _Thursd-iy eveniii _^ week a fire broke out in the picturesque village of Grccncud _, near Sawtry , which destroyed nearly forty houses , nearly one-half of the place . About half-past seven o ' clock , flames were observed issuing from the premises in the occupation of Mr . Flanders , and were supposed to have originated by a spark falling from the chimney ou the thatched roof . A furious storm existing at the time scattered tlie fianies to the houses adjacent , which , on account of being thatched , ignited rapidlv , and in an incredibly short space of time , no fewer than twelve houses were in a blaze . The bulk
of them being tenanted by poor farming labourers , it was distressing to witness ibe poor people rushing about in a state of almost distraction ; most of them , thc flames extending with such velocity from house to house , were unable to save any portion of their furniture or property . Two engines were brought into play , but were of no avail against the strong wind . The conflagration was not checked till nearly twelve o ' clock at ni ght . Every exertion was made by thc rector and principal inhabitants to provide temporary shelter forthe unfortunate people who had been burnt out of tlieir houses . A subscription has been set on foot for them . The actual amount of property destroyed is not known .
A Fire , supposed to have been caused by an incendiary , occurred at Huntingdon on Thursday week , by which the premises of Mr . Jenkins , of tlie George Hotel , were very seriously damaged . Losdow—Finn in East Smithfikld . —On Monday night , about seven o ' clock , considerable alarm I _ravaged among the inhabitants of Rosemary-hme , East Smithfield , in couscijuence of a fire having been discovered en the premises of Messrs . Tidmarsh and Brown , dealers in earthenware , which , but fur the prompt arrival of the engines ,
would have involved a vast amount of property , as the premises adjoined her Majesty s Mint , and on cither side were rows of houses which were entirely built of wood , that have been erected many years . The fire was first observed in one of the crates , which was filled with straw , and spread r . ipidly , but was . speedily checked , much to thc . -atlsi . 'iction ol" a large number of persons of thc Jewish persuasion , who liad , in an adjoining building called " Tlie London Bazaar , " or" Tho Exchange , " . a large . tmcuut of wearing apparel locked up in boxes , which wo * . ; ' - ! have boen inuvit . _iUv dcstvo _\ od .
Employment Of The Poor. The Employment O...
EMPLOYMENT OF THE POOR . The employment of the unemployed labourers increases in _importance every day . Nor is this fact to be regretted if considered b y itself . I heartily regret the circumstances that lorce such discussions on the consideration of all classes , but the evil and difficulty once perceived and admitted , its general discussion seems to me to be the onl y safely of the State . Secial theories and social evils must be probed to the bottom . England has hitherto been governed by politics *~ "
and faction . Government itself has been a diversified and crude machine , used for weig hing the balance between interested power in office and interested power out of office—the people have been used for State purposes , that is , for the purposes of ministers in office , and would-be ministers out of office . The game ol' ins and outs' has been played skilfully , but the _p'ajers , when serving what they blindl y supposed to be their own interests , seem for the time to have forgotten that the day of reckoning would come .
The people have no _interest in the wordy war of party . The ins and outs' are both of a trade ; debating , law making , and place hunting , are their profession and practice . They find employment for reporters , editors and pamphleteers , and in their domestic relations , they support coachmen , footmen , livery servants and all the train of useless and glittering sycophancy . Bnt the people , the vulgar , coarse , unintellectual people—the common herd , the mob—are only to be thought of , to bi used when occasion serves . Never did Roman patrician look with more scorn on the plebeian serfs of the Eternal City , than have our law-makers looked on the
peopie of this same England . A benevolent lord or two may have made a stalking-horse of a few cases of extreme destitution ; he may have , in a degree , aggregated the misery and forced the subject on the attention of a few of his class , ending with a benevolent Speech—a 40 Up kitchen or a fever hospital . The people were ignorant and could not understand legislation , their lot was to work not to think . The constitution and infallibility of government could not he doubted . The Attorney-General was ready with the law , and the turnkey and _transport-ship were at hand . With war abrqad and peace at home , who could fear . for _England---thc glory and pride of the world ? - * -
Oh , most potent senators ! you have been roused from your slumbers—your dreamy vision has fl -dthanks to the three days of February in France and our English Tenth of April . Your Duke by the grace of "Gud , had an aquatic excursion on the Thames ; all was ready ; the bridges in a state of military defence , and the Mammon Temple in Threadneedlestreet protected by cannon aad sand bags . A . \ ery sandy defence , good lords and gentlemen . The cobwebs have been brushed from the corners of your windows , your green spectacles have been laid aside—and now you see something must he done ; you do not know what , but you say , it is shameful that thieves should have organised unions , that
Christian men and women should sleep under trees , or in recesses in the streets , or on the pavementsgood innocent souls , you have just made the discovery , and I ara pleased that you are thus wise The people knew it all years ago , necessity compelled thera to know and feel—when you stuffed your ears against ' popular clamour , ' as you phrase it , and closed your carriage windows to shut out the misery . The people have not only known the miseries they had to _* endure , but when you have been playing the game of party , they have been studying pauperism and its remedies ; you began to think of it yesterday , they have been thinking of it for years ; they have their political mentors , who teach
lessons that are listened to with earnestness , drunk in with greedy appetite . Tlie viands served at the table may not have bten dainty or rich , but the appetite has been keen , and the food occasionally wholesome . There has grown up at your feet , and around you , an intelligence of which you knew nothing , and now know but little of . You have been busied with the forjas of government , the breaking up and rccoHstructiou of political parties . The people have been studying the principles of civilisation and the theories of progress . This leaching among the workmen will go on—you are behind in the journey , and may onc day discover that yoa are' too late . '
The meeting recently held in Westminster , convened _, by Mr Charles Cochrane , is a case in point . At that meeting we had M . P . _' _s , clergymen of the Church of England , benevolent Lards , expressing their sympathy by letters , literary men , and workmen . ' Employment for the Poor , ' attracted the attention of al ' . The rate-payer said : * I must be present at this meeting , my pocket is a consideration . ' The labourer said : ' I must be present , my stomach is a consideration . ' The parson said ; ' Mr . Cochrane has invited me to attend , the object is a _benevolent one . I must attend . It is not a nasty , seditious-, midnight _gatl-ering of Chartists , but a respectable mid-day m « eiin 5 * ; Lord Ashley is
expected . 1 was present also , and listened to an the speeches . The speakers admitted the dis ' ress . Mr . C . Lushington , although the mover of the first resolution to the effect : — ' That soup kitchens and charity were indispensable , & c ., ' assured hU hearers that no casual charity or _day-by-day relief could save the nation from ruin . lie was for largi extensive measures . A reduction of taxation was the sure and permanent remedy , ihe only su-e means of relief for the people . Good , Mr Lushington : pull down salaries and revise pensions , do it quickly and well ; Mr Cobden , who has outlined a papular agitation with the same precision and calculation that he would plan a warehouse for calicoes , or a
factory for cotton spinning , will be glad of your aid * , your constituency , too , will be pleased with your exertion . The butchers and bakers of _Wrstminst . r are all for reducing the expenditure . Your adhesion to the Financial Reform Movement will sustain your popularly , anl balance well agains ! the liberal pretensions of your late rival , Mr . Cochrane . But what will your scheme of Financial Re orm do towards employing the people ? Does lig ht taxation in all cases ensure remunerative and I ermaseut employment for labourers ? Let us look around us and see what the most surface observer may know . Out of _^^( MhOOO levied in the United Kingdom , scarcely £ 4 , 500 , 000 is raised iu
Ireland—Ireland is exempt from taxes on bricks , hops , horses , carriages , & c . ; taxes on the same articles in England _^ araounting to - £ 13 , 000 , 000 annually . The State taxation levied in England , is about fifty shillings a head ; local taxation , fifteen shiliings . ' ln Scotland , State taxation ; orty shillings , local taxation , eight shillings . In Ireland , State taxation , ten shillings - local taxation ; five shillings . I am not the _eulogist of England , but we can , in point of comfort , and independence , hear a comparison with the sister isle . Ireland , the most lightly _, taxed of the three kingdoms , sends us , every year , a flood of pauperism , inundating our land with something more to be feared than an eastern
epidemic . Irish labourers , Irish farmers , Irish landlords , and Irish shopkeepers , all lightly taxed , fl .-e all in distress . _Dor-s the financial reformer reply that my view of the question is a narrow one , and does not embrace the subject of iaxation in all its relations ? I answer that I have started a proposition in your niiud for debate , and the fact is uiideiuabl--aud indisputable—that in Ireland we have li < * ht taxation , and the ma > s : s ofthe labourers starving , d y irig by the road side , or p-rishing in our colonies j and the inference I contend for is this : that a reduction of taxation is no security for national prosperity . Mr . Lushingtou ' s remedy , viewed by usd * and applied to society , as it now exists , is no
remedy whatever for-unwilling id . _euess -, aud that the scheme of Mr . Cobden , and they who ' support , him , will , when successfully carried out , prove as abortive for national purposes , as the Reform Bill , the new Poor Law , or any of the other clap-trap ministerial or anti-ministerial projects , that have agitated the public mind for years . Next comes Mr . Cochrane , the prime mover in the convening ef this "meeting Ue declared that the object cf the meeting was not to propound ' national remedies for national distresses , but merely temporary ex _* r . dients . ' This is all very _** ell ; but I lie - * -of Mr . Cochrane not to head his bills with ' Employment for the Poor , ' if
temporary expedients be bis object . The public read the words quoted iu their true sense ; and if he desires to call public attention to the necessity of supporting scavengers and crossing-sweepers , say so at ouce _, and the _people will understand bim aright . Mr . Cochrane is an amateur specimen of ihe soupkitchen school of statesmen . Well , let him enjoy his hobby . Poor feilow , he does little good , little ill to anybody . The hill-slickers say he does good to trade ; and ivcre it not that lie forces himself on our attention , now and again , by a long parade of posters and street boards , his personal standing , as a s ' atesman , would never cost us a drop of cobbier ' s ink .
Mr . Armstrong Walton , workman , moved the following resolution : — ' That this meeting is of opinion _, that the anpivallclcd amount of d ' _-strcss _amQusr the mechanics and artisans arises chiefly
Employment Of The Poor. The Employment O...
from want of employment ; andthat Great Britain and Ireland contain a superabundance of Ian ; ., labour , skill , and capital , to profitably eniplo * . and comfortably support , double the- ' amount of the present population . This meeting , therefore , _rwiommends to the people the propriety of pressing nn the government the necessity of introducing into Parliament a bill sanctioning the establishment of lR : nie colonies , as the best means of securing profitable employment for the numerous but unwillingly unemployed portion of our population . '
The resolution above was rapturously received by the body of the meeting . It was clear and ui-.--. ua-Ukeable , and approached the _question , _annon-. _ieed for deliberation , fully . It showed that its _muver and supporters had been thinking , when the p oliticians had been fig hting the battle of party , or dosing out debates on the easy cushions of St . Ste phen ' s . There can be no mistake about thc praeuc & l b-armg of Mr . Walton ' s resolution . Let theproposition he carried into effect , and we know its re * suits . The success of home colonisation does not rest on foreign exchanges , foreign wars , Dank Charters , ' . r cotton crops . Every man living , who either owns or has seen a cabbage garden , knows the principle involved , and the results tbat follow . It is simply labour and land as the means , bread and
plenty as the result . Bringing public opinion to bear on the government for such a purpose is an honourable ambition , and augurs that government , for the futuie , must ba- something more * han _speechraaking and gaol building . This question of employment for the unemployed _gro-vs , and will continue to grow ia importance every day . The people throughout England must be prepared for the discussion , and be ever ready to retain tbe lead . Compar e _^ witii it _» _schemes of financial reform , snip * kitchens , baths , & c , are insignificant ; for , on ths employment of the people , rests tlie peace of the citizen , and future security of this and all other nations , and in all public discussions the op _inions of the workmen must be deliberately , but fully , represented . A Leaf erom tub Annals of a Shoemakers * Garret .
Tiie Sew York "Nation." We Liaye Receive...
TIIE SEW YORK "NATION . " We _liaye received two or three copies of the _Jfaw York iYdtion , edited and'published by Thomas Darcy M'Gee , formerly one of the editors of the suppressed Dublin Nation . The new Nation , in its general appearance and contents , is similar to its celebrated predecessor . " We subjoin some specimens of the spirit of the transatlantic Nation , from the enlarged and improved number dated January Oth , 1 S 49 . Thero is somo sensible stuff in thc following article : — " 1 ' niKST . s axd People . —( Irelasd is _18-1 ' \)—The Irish Catholic _Clerffv , stirred by some sense of
remorse , are at last milking a demonstration against the legal form of assassination , called ' trial- by jury' in Ireland . "With something like their former spirit and unanimity , they ask a fair trial for _CitAnLKs Gavan Dufft , and , if they only spoke a little louder , thc Whig s would not dare refuse them . "We will tell the Irish Clergy plainly that , for their own sakes _, they are bound to go on with this movement , and to make it general and radical , instead of temporary and passive . Many Irishmen , both here and at home , lay thc blame of Ireland ' condition at tlieir doors—many believe that tho
present generation of Irish Priests have systematically squeezed thc spirit of resistance out of the hearts ofthe people—many believe tiiat they stood neutral whilo the usurpation were iniquitotisly destroying the lay leaders , because they were jealous of that class—many believe that the usurpation would never have starved the peoplo or made away with their leaders , but that they counted on the influence of thc clergy and the consequent submission _, of their flocks . " Now—wc speak plainly—tho interests of Religion as well as of Ireland , and the special interests of their own order , demand- that the Catholic Clergy shall shift tlieir position to safer ground . They have got the people at last , ali to themselves ; no journal better than an echo
exists ; no hcry Confederate orator makes the welkin echo with warlike words—it is now once more the Priests and the People or national extinction . The very existence of the clerical order in Ireland is at stake , for , without flocks , what are Priests ? They may build stone chapels instead of mud , and toll their bells in the face of d : iy and bigotry ; they may marry , and shrive , and bury their dead openly , but without the numbers what will they be ? The numbers are fast diminishing—death and emigration arc filing down _hundveiU into _tens , and hy-and-by , the Irish Priesthood ' . will have to look to the Irish in America , or to the British Government , for the necessaries of life . That alternative is fast sweeping on its two dark wings towards them .
" To Great Britain they cannot , for crccd-sake , turn . To thc Irish here they need never appeal again till _18-tS is forgotten in the joy of a better spirit , and a bolder effort . Never ! the heart of tlie people here is changed , and , there is not a Bishop m Ireland ( except J ) v . Macinn ) , who could collect £ 1 , 000 in the entire United . States . Wc speak , now , from experience and we speak it with regret , but so it is . We question if an Irish Priest could travel among Irish Catholics here , without being affronted every other day . "Let the Irish clergy be undeceived . Let them be told the truth , and ' they will feel it . If they go with the people for their ri ghts , the people will sustain them , but as tho old Spanish coronation rite said— ' if not , not . ' " Here is some more " common sense" and plain speaking - . —
" Rome . —The _TorE ' s Flight . —When Pms the Ninth recalled Durando from the common battlo field of Italy , the North ; when he chose Louis Philippe ' s pet and protege , Rossi , his Minister , _* when ho refused to advance with the advances cf hii-p oople and his age , he wilfully abdicated his g lorious position , at the head of the _Europei' . n movements ofthe present century . We have wished that all this might be otherwise . Thc _sincsrest panegyrists of Popo Pius were among our party in Ireland , and now , we deeply sympathise and deplore his flight , in such a mean _disguise , on the coach of a German emissary , and towards—oh ' ill-advised choice—thc court and capital oi" Ferdinand ( the assassin !) ofthe two Sicilies . "
Our readers know that we aro not intensely " national . " We think an ounce of fraternity worth a ton of nationality—wc , therefore , approve of any recommendation tending to unite the peoplcr , independent of their birth-places . Something of this sort is- oostniuod in tho following article : — ' ' Tin ; _Peoi-lr asd their OmtKSSoits . — Esolaxd ix 1849 , — " The following passage of a letter , dated Manchester , December 14 th , 18-18 , has been forwarded to us by a gentleman at present in this country : — ' You should impress on him tho necessity of directing remarks through the Nation to thc working classes here . It is only by uniting the working men of England and Ireland—their social and political wrongs—and by taking up the people against the aristocracy , that anything can be dene with these 'three criminal kingdoms . ' This _extract , written apropos of an article in our second
number , called * the Queen ' s Mercy , recalls to us a view of policy which , when in Ireland , we saw clearly and pointed out . In Great _Ih-itain nntl Ireland there is a common question—tho question of the people against the coronets . A deni . vci-. itic reformation in the distribution of wealth , in the laws , iii the church and state , _flictory and farm , is called for in both island * -, . 'ind must come . The people ! the people ' should he the cry of onset and the password ot preparation . A worse slavery than even Thane or Baron exercised—an iron collar and an iron rule more merciless than William ' s forest laws , or John ' s taxation , hinds and bows down the yeomanry of England to-day . Towns grow so thick that there is neither air nor agriculture between them . The harvests that feed 20 , 000 , 000 are yearly reaped by sickles imported from Ireland . One country is kept in a state of hungry land-serfage , the other is wasted down bv the furnace of the
chaldron ; both are ' done to death , this by steam , that by starvation , and all that purple brows mf . y wear coronets and mitres , and gout and gormandising flourish and increase . " The following extracts will inform our northern readevs of the _\\* hevei \ , \» o \ vts of certain
FROSCKIUED IRISIIMKX . " Thomas O'Brien , formerly secretary to tlie Confederate clubs of Liverpool , has safely landed on thc shores of this country . "Dr . Laurence Reynolds , late of Liverpool , will act as canvasser for the Nation in Pennsylvania and Ohio . He will visit the chief _towna in both states during tho winter . " " Mr . John _O'Hca _, late of Manchester , and one of the most active Chartist Confederates , is now _canvassing Virginia , Kentucky , and other southern Btatcsforus . " We conclude with the following : — WHO WAS THE TRAITOR ?
" "Wc have received a letter from-Mr . P . J . Barry relative to the charges current agaiust him , of having been in secret connexion with the British government , _which-lettcr we decline publishing , as at present advised . "When Mr . Barry called tit our cilice , we stated to him that if ho could produce ( . _!¦* ho said he could ) such facts as would satisfy any three known friends of Ireland—refugees or residents in New York—of his innocence , wo would publish , after that , any exoneration of him th _.-it was to be made . Until Mr . Barry has done so—until he has chosen and fully satisfied a competent tribuna of Irishmen in this city that the charges against him were totally false , we must decline receiving any communication from him whatever . " W ' o - . hall bo happy to exchange with the Nation .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 3, 1849, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_03021849/page/7/
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