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TTOWITT'S "JOURNAL OF LITERATURE AND
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Associations for the purpose of endeavouring to gel
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exeise abuses ccne away are springing ap...
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JUST PUBLISHED ,
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ME NORTHERN- STAR 3A. T1*wt>a.v, JULY 3, 1847.
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THE COMING STRUGGLE. "We postpone the di...
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COUNTRY versus PARTY, Since last we noti...
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the committee. Many of the Members may f...
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW. The week has been ...
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2S
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On Wednesday a very important measure , ...
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Lord Brougham, at the fag-end of the ses...
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Co SxeaUersi & Corregiponton t& >?
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IiISAli. NOTICE.—I am daily receiving co...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Ttowitt's "Journal Of Literature And
TTOWITT'S "JOURNAL OF LITERATURE AND
Ad00410
J ! POPULAR PROGRESS . . Edited bj William and Mini Hownrr . . - The Monthly Part for July contains Six Fine Engravings , by Alfred HarraL "W . Heasom , and H . Walmeslev . —TheMonntain P . _quet ; The Month in _IVospect—June ; The Emigrant ; Derrynane Abbey ; Heideloerg , and Portrait of Hans Christian Andersen . IFiat ! _ie / o * toiBiii _ 7 Original Pavers : — Life . in Manchester , by Cotton Mafier Mills ; On the Temperance Rcfairmation , by P . P . Carpenter , B . A . ; Spring Flowers , by the Author of _Azetn ; Sonnet , by "Richard Howitt ; the Month in Prospect , by "William Howitt ; the Diffusion of Tracts , by Joseph Barker ; Labour Worship , hy Edward Tool ; On the Present Condition of the People , by the Rev . T . _WaUaco ; the Emieranfs Comnlaint : Free Trade Recollections , by Dr
Ad00411
< i— " AUXILIARY . TO THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . THE NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE BENEFIT SOCIETY . Patron—T . Wakley , M . P . Directors—Messrs P . M'Grath , T . Clark , and C . Doyle . Bant—The _National Lvnajfand Labour Bank . Secretary—Mr E . Stallwood . Central Offitcs , S 3 , lleaTi-straiet , Soho , and 2 , _IdtUe _Yeale place , Ilammersmith road , rlS Society presents greater advantages to the Industrious Millions than any similar Institution ever a Ktablished . Boles and every information rco . nired can be obtained at the _foUowing places : —Mr Lawrance , Whittington and aCat , _Chureh-rifir , Betbnal Green ; Mr _Jeflrey , Tanners ' Arms , _Bermondsey-road ; Mr J ; Simpson , Harrison ' s Assembly Kooins , East-lane , Walworth ; Herbert's Temoerance Coffeehouse , Exeter-street , _Sloane-strett ;
Ad00412
TO TAILORS . B . Read ' s New Patent Indicator for finding proportion and disproportion in all " systems of cutting . Caveats granted , April 22 nd , 1847 , signed by Messrs Pool and Capmeal , Patent Office , 4 , Old Square , Lincoln ' s Inn . Declaration of same , signed by Sir G . CarreU , Knt , Lord Mayor of London . TnE LONDON AND PARIS SPRING AND SUMMER FASHIONS for 1847 , are now ready , by I _' . ENJAMIN READ and Co ., 12 , Hart-street , Blooinsbury _ftjnare , London ; and by G . Berger , Holywell-street , Strand . May be had of all booksellers wheresoever reading . By approbation " of her Majesty Queen Victoria
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THE TAILORS' TRADING COMPANY . A NUMBER OF _JOURiYElTaiE . V TAILORS ( Members of the National Association of United Trades ) _haviniffunued a Company to release themselves from tbe baneful influence of unprincipled ompetitors respectfully inform tbe operative classes , generally , that they hare _atWenedaT . _tatablashment at No . 7 , VICTORIA-STREET , _MANCHESTER , where t _& ey can be supplied -Kith _evaary article nf clothing as cheap and better made than at any of the ( so-called ) cneap establishments . WORKING MEN , SUPPORT YOUR OWN ORDER _tntaisaitemst to demonstrate tht benefits of ASSOCIATIVE LABOUR .
Ad00414
A COLOURED DAGUERREOTYPE POKTKA 1 r in best morocco easeforlOs ., which te las . less than any other London establishment , and warranted to be equally guoaJ . by MR EGERTON , U 8 , Fleet-street , opposite Bouveriai-street , and 1 , Temple-street . Whitefaars . Open dailj from nine till four . Foreign Apparatus Agent to Yoigtlander and Liribours _, a complete _liuokof Instruction , price 7 s . & i ., by post _K-s Pari e Bsts _sentpostirse .
Ad00415
BALDNESS EFFECTUALLY REMOVED . A _SUHGEON residingin Cork having , in the conrseof his Practice , had his attentioihparticnlariy _alirected to , and-acquired great experience in"the TREATMENT OF CAPILLARY DISEASES , hegs tor inform those per-Eons afflicted with _BALDNESS ( whether in youth < _ar advanced _in'life ) may , by a most simple process , REPRODUCE _thatneeessary ornament . Parties applying willrequireto ¦ _aaiclo _^ c a saiall quantity of hair , and a fee of five shillings , by _iiost-office order , iu favour of Surjeon Edward _WiUianis , IS , "Henry-street , Cork ; when ths netesiary _rixlton will _beiV- 'wuraed by return _ofpost .
Ad00416
A GOOD FIT WARRANTED . SUPERFINE BLACK CLOTHES made to order at the Great Westebs Ehpobioh , 1 and 2 , _Oxroso _Stbekt , Losdw , which neither spot nor change colour . Only £ 3 _los the complete suit of any size . These clothes _, cannot be equalled at any other Tailoring _Establislimeviat VBSDELLand Co . ' s , Pine Llama Cloth , for light over _, oats , made to order at £ 1 12 s . The ver _. f finest only £ 2 . which for durability and _eleganca cannot be * sarpussed "With silk linki !* s , 3 s extra . Omnibuses to and from the City , stop atthe establishment every minute ofthe day .
Ad00417
WANTED TO _BORRO'V , the Snm of FORTY POUNDS for SIX MONTHS , by a respectable Man . Rate of merest , ate . may be known by addressing "W . R ., care of Mr James Cox , jun ., No . 5 , Stanley-street , Manchester .
Associations For The Purpose Of Endeavouring To Gel
Associations for the purpose of endeavouring to gel
Exeise Abuses Ccne Away Are Springing Ap...
exeise abuses _ccne away are springing ap ia ail parti-Of Scotland . The Frankfort Journal of the- 23 rd announces thi arrived at _Eisinere of a Ru-siau fleet , composed o ' six ships oi ibs line , one frigate , one curette , one brig , and una steam-boat . Thoue vessels were lo bt followed by _several other ships of the lice and three firigates _. As Issocest Cosvici . —A highway robliery wa .-. committed in tbe early part i _* f 1 S 46 by four pei-sous , near Hertford , and tbr < % were taken into custudv anu tried at tha February assizes , and being f < mn _" " Guilty" were sentenced each to fifteen years ' transportation . William Bowers , _oi > e of tbe persons convicted , _declared his innocence of any participation in the crime after sentence had been passed upon them ; but tiie testimony of his Mow-convicts was of a
doubtful r . stare , owing to their silence « n the subject previous to conviction . Another of the guilty parties having been recently taken , confessed to the chaplain of tbe Hertford Gaol that William Bowers v » _as innocent of being a participator in the crime of which he wan convicted , and named the other pi * rson , stillat larae ; and it now having been satisfactorily establisbfcii that Bowers was really _innncsnt , a fio . _- pard n for him was received from Sir Gecr _ . e Grey , _Secretary uf State , by Mr _Ma--tennan , Governor ot the Warrior _cunvlct-hulk , at Woo ' wjcb _. o ; . _Werinesaday , aud tbe prisoner was immediately liberated . The poor man appeared great ' - ; _ddightsd witb the prospect of his immediate return to his wife and three children , from whom he has been separated during the last eighteen months , and his _case is one _dcfcrvinz the consideration of the authorities at Hertford , to enable him ta become again a useful member of £ Ocietv-
Just Published ,
JUST PUBLISHED ,
Ad00420
so . vn : OF " LABOURER , " CONTTSHIS . ¦ - 1 . Onward—by Ernest Jones . •' - 'i . Education and the RusBell Cabinet . 3 . The Romance of a People . 4 . Visit to O'Connorville . 5 . The Insurrections of the "Working Classes . 6 . The League .. b ? ' 7 . The Confessions of a Kine . 8 . The Game Laws . -
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_, _~* _ua _* ..= « « _aa _ , ueauj _nound . in cloth anclettercd , Price 3 s . 6 tL Just reprinted , and may be had on applications . . _ - \ 0 . III . of "THE LABOURER , " . containing ; amongst ' other matters , a Reprint of Mr F . O Connor ' s Letter , in the - " . Northern Star" of January _of-th , demonstriiuxag the certlkinty with which an allottee _mtlj support himself and family , and accumulate money , on a "Two Acre" allotment . The very general demand that was made for the paper containing tbe above letter induced the Editors tc reprint it , after careful revision , in the March Kuinber of the "Labourer . "
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NO . IV . of 'THE LABOURER , " Containing an elaborate Treatise on tbe ' NATIONAL LAND AND LABOUR BANK , IN ITS RELATION WITH THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY .
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Letters ( pre-paid ) to be addressed to the Editors , U Jre . it Windmill Street , Huymarket , London . Orders received by all agents for the "Northern Star , ' and all booksellers in towu and country .
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NORWICH . Mr O'Connor purposes being in Norwich on Monday next , tbe 5 tb iust . He will travel b y tbe mail train , which arrives at balf-past four in tbe afternoon .
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"Next-week Mr O'Conuor _vrill reply to tbe Bolton and Dudley invitations , which ' he hopes to be able to accept . '' ... ,
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Next week ' s Star will contain " A Practical Letter feom Mr O'Connor on the _Lanb Pi-an , " aud a full report of the Demonstration at Norwich .
Me Northern- Star 3a. T1*Wt≫A.V, July 3, 1847.
ME NORTHERN- STAR 3 A . T 1 * _wt > a . v , JULY 3 , 1847 .
The Coming Struggle. "We Postpone The Di...
THE COMING STRUGGLE . "We postpone the discussion of several topics interesting at the present moment , but which must g ive way to allow us to copy the following able and admirable article from Ihe Labourer ( Chartist Magazine ) for July ;— .
THE LEAGUE . So far were we from supposing that the Anti-Corn Law League had abandoned the field of agitation , tbat , from tbe passiug of tbe measure down to tbe p . resc ' . it time , we have sedulously impressed upon the popular mind the fact that the triumph' of FREE TRADE is but as yet the recognition of a principle , the moulding of which , for good or for evil , must wholly and entirely depend upon the details to be determined upon for its working .
Aware of this fact , the leaders of tbat party will strain every nerve to insure a majority favourable to tbeir views , and , with characteristic decep _t ion , will tack bits of extra liberality , apart from that question , to their addresses , in the hope of diverting public attention from the consideration of the master grievance—the grievance of the owners of mechanical power representing the interests of the manual labourer . This should now be the all-absorbing question with all who hope to live upon their own industry upon the proceeds of Iheir own labour , undiminished by the clippings of protected capital and represented
power . During the beat of Free-Trade agitation we adhered to the doctrine , that the capricious adoption of the priniciple , unaccompanied by prudent and necessary concessions , and fair adjustment , would , firstly , pauperize the manual labourer ; secondlywould make bankrupts of the small shopkeepers , who depend , for profitand existence , upon thestate ofthe labour market ; thirdly , would reduce tbe farming class to beggar } ' ; fourthly , would confiscate the property of the landlords to Jew jobbers , moneymongers , and mortgagees ; fifthly , would convince the Free-Trade manufacturers that they _^ ad caught a _Turtzr ; and sixthly , would compel the government
to do that , from terror of bankruptcy aim revolution , wbich , if done iu time , would have averted both , and bave preserved the several classes of society in their respective positions . Our readers must do us the justice to admit that we have laboured incessantly to convince the shopkeeping class that their alliance witb the free-traders resembled the uniou between the Iamb and the tiger , the mouse and the cat , the lark and the kite . We have further described the present general movement as the struggle of the Democracy of each class against the Aristocracy of if s own order , and our position is beiug
daily strengthened by tbe increasing class feuds now promising defeat to faction , which were only smothered by tbe dangers threatened by famine , but which a General Election will swell to madness and rouse to fury . The destructive policy of adopting the principle ol Free Trade , unaccompanied by a fair adjustment of all interests affected by the change , has rendered the stability of governments a mere problem , contingent upon tbe chapter of accidents , and henceforth , as now , tenure , will be regulated by the barometer—a glance of sunshine elevating , a cloud _depressing , ministerial hope . Is this a position worthy the greatest nation in the world ?
Here we introduce the address of Mr Cobden for the purpose of arousing the industrious to renewed energy and opposition , and to illustrate from it the prospects of the realisation of those very predictions which Mr Cobden was wont to treat as chimerical , but which now haunt his Free-Trade dreams as fearful realities , only to be dispelled by a strengthening of the party , whose measures have been the cause of the admitted result , which Mr Cobden deplores .
TO THE ELECTORS OF STOCKPORT . Gestxehes , —Should a dissolution occur before I can have the pleasure of meeting you in person . I beg tn be allowed to take this mode of again soliciting the honour ef being ono of your representatives iu Parliament . I deeply _regret that you will be railed npon to exercise the elective franchise at a time of great _manufacturing _depression . It is ne consolation to generous miads to know that their sufferings are shared by others ; but , unhappily , almost the whole oi ' Europe is mourning uver deficient _harvests , amidst privations , which Tor severity and extent bave no parallel in the present century , it 13 possible that to some of my friends , who rejoiced in the brighter
prospects afforded by our recent commercial reforms , the existing distress may have brought feelings ol doubt and discouragement . Free trade cannot avert a _sudden and calamitous visitation of Providence ; it can only alleviate ita pressure . Sut the present crisis has at least this consolation , —that it has brought , from all quarters , proofs ofthe soundness and beneficence of our principles ; for we have seen the governments ef the continent , with hardly an exception , abolish their multiform regulations of ths corn trade , at the moment when , if their interference be ever efficacious , it was the most needed ; and _vre see them' now relying upon the energies of emancipated commerce alone for saving their people I !• Am the horror j of famine .
It must , however , be acknowledged tbat we enter npon the new commercial era under unfortunate circumstances . I do not allude merely to the present scarcity of food , which in all human probability will t * c of short duration ,, but alio to the possibility of a suddeu reaction in the _opposite direction , which may protract lor a time the transition fiom the restrictive system to the more squabble state of freedom . The present exorbitant prices will cause , as in former times in England , a greatly ii . creased production of corn . At the same time the _agriculture of the whole civilised world is under the stimulus of famine
prices ; and should we be blessed with a succession of good harvests , we may anticipate a glut of corn , not as the result of free trade , but of tbe present scarcity . A similar process , to be followed possibly with like results , ia going on with another important interest . The present enormous cost of freights , by which not a few of tho shipowners of the "Mediterranean will clear the value of their vessels in this year , is everywhere causing large investments of capital in shipbuilding . Jud ging from farmer experience _, it is not therefore improbable that these two interests , which have been the least ; f & _voutable
The Coming Struggle. "We Postpone The Di...
to free trade ; may be ere _loDgeimnMneomly exposed to the effects of a reaction from their present exoite _. ment . Itthere be any force in _ these Views , they furnish the strongest motives to _' the friends of free trade for sending to the next Parliament—during the existence of which the process I hare described will in all probability be passed through—representatives ot tried convictions , who will guard with firmness the great measures of last year from the dangers to which tbey may be exposed in their transition state-Should you honour me with your confidence , I shall hope to be found with renewed health at my post ,
prepared to show that the present state of trade is no fair experiment of our . principles , and ; that the consequent reaction will be only an exception to the ordinary operation of free trade , which , when fairly tested by " time , will , I fervently believe , promote the prosperity and harmony of . the whole community ; and I shall return to England confirmed _ih-my opinion by the sympathy expressed for our principles by tbe best and wisest men in other countries , . that if we continue with firmness to offer to the world a good example , it will be eventually followed by ' all other civilised nations .
Gentlemen , if at this distance I do not attempt to enter upon the discussion of other matters , it is not because I am insensible of the importance of theqiibstions which must at the earliest _possible moment , . engage the attention ef the Legislature / foremost amongst which is thestate of Ireland . I will only add , that in every question brought before Parliament I shall , to the best of my humble , ability , act upon tbe principle of doing equal justice to my lellow-COUntrymen in every part of tbe United Kingdom ., I have the honour to remain , Gentlemen , With sentiments of respect and gratitude , . ' ""'' ¦ " . Your faithful servant , Venice . June 15 . " RICHARD COBDEN ;
The reader who has followed us in our ANTIFREE TKADE career for the last fourteen years , will , doubtless , smile at the admissions made by the acknowledged leader of the FREE-TRADE party ; but we doubt that the mysterious consolation offered by the prophet will have a sufficiently 'instantaneous effect in dispelling the disappointment so generally felt by the enthusiastic gapers , who felt confident in the promised magical abundance to secure the desired hearty co-operatiOn , " tor the further problematical results , for which they are now invited to contend . "
We shall now consider tbe enigmatical and very problematical results , for which those friends of Mr Cobden , " who rejoiced iri' the brighter prospects afforded by our recent commercial reforms , " are sought to be enlisted as the " representatives of tried convictions , " We can well believe in the disappointment experienced by Mr Cobden _' s . followers , and feol . _convinced that they are posse _^ se . '"" of " feelings of doubt and discouragement ; but we shall select passages ofthe candidate ' s address for comment , which are apologetic for tbe past , or encouraging for tbe future . Mr Cobden says , " Free-Trade cannot arrest a sudden and calamitous visitation of Providence—it catf only alleviate its pressure . " '
We had hoped that the blasphemous charge against Divine Providence had been abandoned ; but it appears that the League , as the Church , must have its stalking-horse . We , too , were aware . that " Free-Trade could not arrest a sudden calamity ; '' but we were not prepared to find those ; for whose especial and sole benefit the battle * was fought , the only sufferers from the calamity ; we were not prepared to find the Hi gh Wages , Cheap Bread , and Plenty to do , transformed , as if by magic , into Low Wages , no Bread , and Little or Nothing to do . We were not prepared for a reduction of wages , upon the pretence of declining markets , and Free-Trade opposition to a reduction in : the hours of labour , upon the pretext that the Idle Poor * would be the
greatest sufferers . We were not . prepared for the brutal exercise of power , which enabled the master , with his ready-made fortune , to pass undamaged through that season of hesitation , of doubt , aud confusion , whicb Mr Cobden is now compelled to apprehend , while those who made that fortune were alone to suffer from this Divine dispensation . The writer goes on : — " But the present crisis ha 3 at least this consolation ; that it bas brought from all quarters proofs of the soundness and beneficence of our principles , for we have seen tbe governments of the continent , with hardly an exception , abolish their multiform regulations of the corn trade , at the moment when , if their interference be ever so efficacious , it was the most needed . "
We know not what " consolation the present crisis " may derive from the fears and expediency of foreign Cabinets , but we do know the starving poor derive but little consolation from tbe "Live Horse and you'Jl-get-Grass" anticipations of Free-Traders . Does not Mr Cobden understand that the relaxation of the ri g id rules of forei gn monopolists was a tribute to fearful apprehensions , rather than to the soundness and beneficence of our principle ' s ; and that his Free-Trade disciples abtoad consist principally of corn-growers , who look to devouring John Bull as a greedy customer of tlieir produce , rather than to manufacturers , who still look to some
restrictions , as their protection ? Mr Cobden , while dealing with Free-Trade in wholesale terms , appears to have lost sight ofthe question of a National Debt , and of the fact that no two countries , by any process of Free-Trade , who are unequally taxed , can by possibility meet upon equal terms in the universal produce mart . Now , these are some of the adjustments , to which we have incessantly directed public attention , showing that all Free-Trade professors have invariably lost sight of the question of reciprocity . Mr Cobden might have concluded his last paragraph in these words _i "And we see them now rel ying upon the chances of emancipated commerce alone for saving themselves from Revolution . "
The next passage is so full of penitence , despair and dismay , that we reprint it at full length : — " lt must , however , be acknowledged that we enter upon the new commercial era under unfortunate circumstances . I do not allude merely to the present scarcity of food , which in all human probability will be of short duration , but also to the possibility of a sudden reaction in the opposite direction , which may protract for a time the transition from the restrictive system to the more equable state of freedom . The present exoibitaut prices will cause , as in former times in England , a greatly increased
production of corn . At the same time the agriculture of the whole civilized world is under the stimulus of famine prices ; and should we be blessed with a succession of good harvests , we may anticipate a glut of corn , not as the result of freetrade , but of the present scarcity . " Yes , in truth , " we do enter upon the new commercial era under most unfortunate circumstances ; " but then , what brig hter prospects does Mr Cobden antici pate from future legislation , beyond tbe return of
Representatives of tried convictions ? However , as our object is to strengthen the popular cause for the next struggle , let ns see in how far Mr Cobden ' s present opinions coincide with our unaltered notions . Mr Cobden now sees and now dreads sudden fluctuations , while the grand object of free -trade was , Settlement of everything—an unerring standard , b y which Capital might be safely expended , Speculations safely undertaken , and , above all , Labour placed upon a sound foundation . Now what were , and still are , our opinions , repeated to surfeit
?¦—• Thegreat danger to be apprehended from a ' capricious settlement of the uestion , without be-• ing accompanied by an adjustment of the several * * interests to be affected by the princi ple , is _sudi ' en 1 fluctuations , alterations from cheap to dear , and 1 dear to cheap ; a period of at least thee years of casualties , changes , speculation and derangement ; in which the unprotected poor will be _thefirst and ' greatest sufferers from the measure , if not
pre-• ceded by the just and necessary adjustments , _« which are indispensable to the settlement of _in-« terests now , in some degree , ba _^ d upon the whole system . Let the poor _consumer rel y upon it that he will be the first to suffer , mi his hardship will ' not be mitigated by the fascination of cheap bread « as cheap and dear are relative terms , and the man _< _flitiiauU _penny tr . purchase _, _fto ct _ _^ _ffjjj
The Coming Struggle. "We Postpone The Di...
• " bean object of greater-commiseration than the < man who is forced , but able , to g ive a shilling tor . ' the dear loaf . ' _¦' . ¦ ¦ ' ' ' Now , we ask the impartial reader to say , , wiether or not onr predictions , in part realised , and in course of complete fulfilment , do riot at . present haunt the free-trade dreams of the . Tourist ? And further , we tell Mr Cobden that uncertainty w iH . be greater , and dependence more general , when wheat the
is selling in _Mark-lane for Forty Shillings Quarter . So long as the price of wheat , which establishes the standard value , of gold , fluctuates , so long will * be poor be at the mercy of the rich ; undln'proportion as the value of the circulating medium is operated upon by monopolists and forestallers , in the same proportion will labour suffer and industry decay , until at length the _ interests of _all-aud labour not the last—must be legislated for . The Free-Trade penitent proceeds : —
" The present exorbitant prices will cause , as in former times in England , a greatly increased production of corn . " .,... _.. . : .:. _- ¦ . . This is but a recent discovery of Professor Cobden , who was in the habit of assuring us that FREETRADE was the ONE THING , the VERYTIflNG , the ONLY THING required to EQUALISE DEMAND and supply . ; _..- - ¦¦ ' ¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ - . ' But , mark our answer . We told our readers , 'that the rich market being once opened , the
cotton-growers of America , and all the agriculturists throug hout the world , would set about producing for the wealth y consumers , while the tuxed homegrower could not compete against the untaxed foreigner , and that the -consequence would be a glut of agricultural labourers , thrown upon the already overstocked artificial market ; and the reader may ioat assured that tlie amnimf _kronglir . _lacro on _apCCUlation , and not the amount paid in foreign markets , will regulate tbe price of \ home produce . " .
The Professor proceeds ¦ — ' A similar process , to be followed possibly with like results , is going on with another important interest . The present enormous cost of freights ,, by which not a few of the shipowners of the Mediterranean will clear up the value of their vessels in this year , is everywhere causing large investrner . ' . " cf capital in ship-buildin ? - Judging from former experience , it is not , therefore , improbable that these two interests , which have been the least favourable to FREE TRADE , may be erelong simultaneously exposed to ' tlie effects of a reaction from tlieir present excitement . "
Here , then , are symp toms of another reaction , and one which we predicted in 1842 , upon thepassing of Sir _.-Robert Peel's cattle tariff . At that time all tbe l'REE-TRADE journals bad their BEAST COMMISSIONERS , or professed tu have them , taking . stock of foreign . cattle all over the world ; and the Chronicle and Sun exullingly assured us that the home-breeder would find ample protection in the hig h state of freights required by shipowners for bringing competitors over from Spain , amounting , as we are told , to over four pounds upon a beast not worth more than thirteen pounds . "Now , what was our answer ? Whv , nearly the words of Mr
Cobden . We said , " That the trade was not not prepared for such a sudden demand , but that the ship-builders of the world would not fail to place themselves in a position to meet it ; and tbatthe probability was , that the ship-builders of Liverpool and of other ports were now making the necessary arrangements to meet the increased demands . " Such were our predictions with legard to one branch o f trade , of which Mr , Cobden appears to have lost sight ; and , presently , competition in this department will cause an outcry from the shipping interest which win lead to another _Free-Trade diffi . cultv .
lt is really curious to see how the Free-Trade prophets are compelled to adopt our every prediction . We have now commented upon the New Free-Trade cry of " RETURN REPRESENTATIVES OF TRIED CONVICTIONS ; " and but little remains for us , beyond the duty of prepaiing tlie working classes for the CRY . This , then , is our solemn advice : tbatthe Chartist party should in all cases be prepared with representatives of TRIED CONVICTIONS , who will guard the interests not of a class , but of the cotutnunity , in the next Parliament .
As we predicted , the enemy has drawn the sword , and naught now remains for us but to throw away the scabbard . Cobden ' s presence , after a convenient absence , may g ive vitality to his own lifeless party , when it must be our care and study to protect the unwary against the snares set for tbem by the designing . There is now but one course open to tbe Chartist party , and that course is , to return as many
Chartists as possible , of tried convictions , to the next Parliament ; and , further , to secure as many Chartist delegates as they can , by a show of hands * who shall speak tbe public mind , and wbo shall meet , not iu a national , but in an imperial convention , when the free traders next assemble in St Stephen ' s . And the duty of those delegates will be to secure the signatures of their constituents to a firm , a resolute , and unequivocal demand for the People ' s Charter .
We say an imperial convention , because there we hope to meet O'Hi gg ins and other honest" Irish representatives of tried convictions , representing a true and enlightened Irish mind . In order to effect this necessary object , we shall ere long point out the easy means by which the pecuniary resources may be supplied . In conclusion we may observe , without vanity , that our every prediction with regard to Free-Trade
and Free-Traders has been realised ; while our readers must do us the justice to admit we had prepared the public mind to resist the infliction of so great a calamity as the return of a Free-Trade Parliament consisting of representatives of tried Free-Trade convictions . Cobden ' s re-appearance , added to his plain and simple admissions of Free-Trade failure , will go far to strengthen the hands of the Protectionists ; and further to nerve the opposition of the industrious .
The shopkeepers who may construe Cobden s admissions into their bankruptcy , will surely not longer hesitate , but will join those upon whose free labour and requited industry they depend . Let all now join in a Monster Petition to the New House , demanding the PEOPLE'S CHARTER as the onl y means of securing the People ' s Rights ; and let the improved mind , thus embodied in an imperial demand , be followed by the living masses , entertaining the same principles , to the door of St Stephen ' s , there to be committed to the guardianship of the People ' s Champion—THOMAS SLINGSBY DUNCOMBE ,
Country Versus Party, Since Last We Noti...
COUNTRY versus PARTY , Since last we noticed the moveraep . ts of the Irish Confederates in London they _liu _' ve put forth a manly declaration of tlieir _princi ples and their objects , and in another part o ' i this paper we record a correspondence \ _v-hie ' a i _, as taken place between themselves and tb' __ _ rish Confederation in
Dublin . We were ri ght , then , when we hailed , amid her expatriated _sons , a hope for Ireland . We were rig ht when rr Q expected , that , true to the _nationalcharactw , though absent , they had not forgotten their _country , but that they would be striving , even in _tM \ ery land of Whi ggery , to free Ireland from _unjust domination . We feel we were right , too , \ ykn wc said that the English people would fraternise with their Irish brethren , when they found _tliat they were striving for the _self-same
Country Versus Party, Since Last We Noti...
' object , _-. a " repeal of a leg islative monopoly ; for it _isWuhjustthatthrEn _^^ _^ monopolise : ' the legislature , of _Ireland , as that it should deny to the Eng lish their share in the . 'government of their own country . Governments have long acted on the principle of divide el _impwajkeep those asunder whose mutual interests lead them to oppose yon . Thus bave successive ministries constantly thrown the seed of rivalries and dissensions , matured by prejudice , between the Irish and the English . The former , have been oppressed—enslaved—maltreated—but not by the
Eng lish people ; these are ' innocent of the guiltthey have _auffered from the same hands that inflicted misery on Ireland . What wonder that they should at last be learning the truth —what wonder that they should at last see their mutual interests , ' and join in one cause , thatof freedom , from . usurpation on the one hand , and privileged monopoly on either ? The wonder sooner is , that a union of both people did not long ago subvert the " . union" of the Government ? But , alas ! national prejudices have been the winning cards of Monopoly—viith which they have tricked Justice of its due , over , the graves ofthe
murdered Irish . The declaration alluded to embodies the " league of peoples " against the " conspiracy of kings , " -at the same time that it breathes a noble and forbearing sp irit . ; it analyses the spirit of government , and justly finds that no form of rule can guarantee frecdorafas long as power is enjoyed by a privileged class—as long as one portion of the community can impose burdens on the other , without the sanction and consent of those so burdened ; it holds , that
the only right to property isa due performance of our duty as a citizen ; the only true title of nobility , that of deserving well at tbe hands of e ° ciety : that the true basis of liberty is Political _Eotality . It further establishes the great truth , that all nations and people have a right to govern themselves by the will of a majority of their own . body and , were there even no other claim taj be advanced , the Confederates have established herein an undeniable rig ht for enforcing a REPEAL of the Legislative Union .
To obtain this desirable result the Confederates have discovered the secret of true power—the cultivating of a better understanding among all grades of the toiling community 7 Herein a deep truth bas been pronounced . Even as liberty cannot be obtained by the working classes of a country as long as they are divided among themselves , so can it not be achieved by the oppressed of' England and Ireland , until they fraternize together . Factions , in a movement for one common object , neutralise
results . . The advantage gained here is nullified by the defeat there—the energy in one place is damped by the apathy in another . Many interests seldom work _' n harmony—unite the different elements in one harmonious whole , and the result will be success . We complain against being ruled by individualism ; we must not oppose it by other individualism ; nationality must oppose party ; the people , as one , must resist the centralization of power , then numbers will have weight—freedom , hope—and energy , reward .
Our Irish friends are doing their duty gallantly ; they are awake to the tactics of the enemy , who professedly pass unnoticed the communications of their countrymen , as soon as they soar from PARTISANS into PATRIOTS . As long as they follow the banner of an individual interest , they receive a help ing hand—as soon as they vindicate the honour of their country against any venal leadcship—as soon as they raise the watchword of Liberty they are consigned to the tomb of the Capulets , or only remembered to be shunned , only sought for to be thwarted !
Onward , notwithstanding you have suffered long —you have struggled bravely—you have watched and waited faithfully ; and with such measures and such a spirit you must triumph si gnally , at last . The spirit that is aroused in England shall not sleep idly . It is not a selfish spirit—it , too , has pronounced the glorious words— " ALL MEN ARE BRETHREN . " Oppression to one is oppression to all—stab Liberty in one place , and she bleeds at every pore . Thus we recognise but one common cause—the cause of Freedom ; and one common enemy-CLASS-DOMINATION !
The Committee. Many Of The Members May F...
the committee . Many of the Members may find it to their interest to plead fervently for the oppressed and suffering , thereby strengthening the hands of those few good and true ' men who , in season and out of season , are ever ready to urge the claims of right , and vindicate the cause of the victims of wrong . As regards the Ministry , the time is wellchosen . Witb professions of liberalit y the Russell Cabinet are about to appeal to the public , and although the suffrages of the electoral bodv tlie committee . Manv nf fla p _Momlinre m , „ _*"„ , i . * ,
• . „ ... r _* _-r _^ r * * _m r _, _** -mm _*^_ \ S _*~ _-l-f * i * t * r s _~* _t'r . rv _* FKOST , WILLIAMS , AND JONES . We direct the attention o our readers to a resolution adopted by the * Metropolitan Chartist Committee , announcing the determination of that body to make another attempt to obtain the restoration ofthe Welsh exiles . We consider the plan of operation judicious , and the time well-chosen . If the Members are applied to before many more of them leave town to promote their electioneering schemes , the probability is that a goodly number may be in . duced to accept the mission of mercy suggested by
will be _tto brat _oonmration , the " sweet voices" of the multitude will bo also courted . The Whigs have a lively recollection of tbe storm of popular execration which greeted them in 1841 , and if they aro capable of gathering wisdom from experience , will think twice before they venture to increase tho existing amount of popular hostility . At all events the experiment is well worthy a trial . Success would equal more than a thousand ordinary victories , and
failure will result in the punishment of the enemies ofthe martyrs , should the Whigs take up that selfdamaging position . We must impress on the committee the necessity ot prompt action * aa the days of the parliament are evidently fast drawing to a close . Should the committee need popular support in any shape , wo trust that support will be afforded as promptly . The exiles must be brought home again ; and , if Lord John Russell is wise in his generation , tbey will ! be brought home now .
Parliamentary Review. The Week Has Been ...
PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . The week has been a scanty one in materials for comment . On Monday night the whole of the sitting was absorbed by a discussion on tbe proposition to give to three Irish Railway Companies the money which was originally voted for the reclamation of Waste Lands , and on Tuesday night the Commons made " no house . " On the dishonesty , as well as inconsistency , of the Ministry with reference to the
Railway Loan , we have already comraeuted . It will be remembered tliat when Lord G . Bentinck broug ht forward his scheme for the employment of £ 16 , 000 , 000 , during four successive years , in making railroads in Ireland , the Whigs were his most determined opponents , and went even the length of threatening to resign if Lord George succeeded in carrying his measure . What they resisted then , they now adopt ; but , as usual with them , in such a way as to make whatever was originally objectionable in the measure a thousand times more so . Lord
George ' s plan had the advantage of being au impartial and a general one . It was proposed at a _tin- _ < _ when it mi ght have been productive of considerriole benefit to the people of Ireland , by affording them profitable and useful employment—the . _yer . y thiufc
Parliamentary Review. The Week Has Been ...
g ive them to private speculators for their own _at , _$ vantage . A very small portion of the sum ¦ _A-ilII > ee ; u j | pendedin the direct employment of unskilled \ _h M bour in Ireland . Engineers , landlords , officials , ail | j || skilled artizans , will absorb the largest portion _$ W the advance . The whole of , . the Irish policy _^ W Mini ; ters , as we have repeatedly stated , is a b ! um ] er w which will cost this country dear , without con . If ferring any substantial relief or benefit on _Irelanaf * $ f Under the system of relief committees , which h _« || superseded the wasteful one of useless and unprod _^ | | tive public works , two millions of persons are nt )* J § receiving daily / rations at _, an average cost of 2 J <) m each , and involving an expenditure of upward . _ " fl nine millions annually . We do not grumble at i _ § 1 amount , hut we do protest against the manner _^ w which it is applied . If England is to advance ten _p millions annually to sustain the destitute people of % Ireland , let it be done in such a way as to be ef . f fective for present purposes , and at the same (; mij | lay the foundation of a system by which the nee .. . % sity for such aid will be avoided in future . %
uiai . waa men warning , » nu , _-. _aivugu _ncniini _. a ' \ more profitable and more useful modes of spend ' ,. ' ' ' £ 16 , 000 , 000 might have been devised , yet , as c * _-- _, ' _•* pared _with-the wretched make-shifts and hand . * . <' " mouth p lans on which Ministers have prodi g _^ _' _\ squandered ten millions sterling ; Lord _George , , ' measure was really entitled to the epithet of « stat b . ' manlike . " In borrowing from him , how _. _*^ Ministers have taken only the objectionable pattJ ' ofthe p lan . They g ive three favoured companies ti . advantage ot the public money , ' to the exclusion . ¦ * others , and they take _' ayiay the funds ori gin _^ ' voted for increasing the cultivated soil of Ireiand , w '
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On Wednesday A Very Important Measure , ...
On Wednesday a very important measure , iiitro- 1 duced by Mr Duneombe , for . the better ventilation ' $ ot mines and collieries , and the protection and pre . M servation of the liv * _*** < $ > persons employed in then * U
was thrown out _oni . _^ _. eDond reading :. _ThftMicnea $ of the stssion was the excuse , Government If giving a kind of conditional pledge that ihey | would take the subject up next session , § That some legislation on the subject _jj § imperatively required must be obvious to every one . % The frequent appalling accidents—if accidents they § may be called which can be prevented by the a *! on . I tion of suitable means—and the large and lamentable I destruction of human life which is the result of these _| explosions , constitute of themselves a sufficient § ground for interference oh tbe . part of the _Le- _ is ! a . j ture , Mr Duncombe ' s bill proposed to appoint i
three Government inspectors , at salanes fixed hy the ' "i treasury , who , at any hour of the day or ni ght , i were to be empowered to visit all mines and collieries within their respective districts . They were to be armed witb absolute authority to investigate all circumstances relative to matters affecting the ventila - tion and safety of subterranean works ; to take _evU dence upon oath ; and , if the actual managers or tha proprietors did not comply with the request of the ; . inspectors , as to the introduction of improvements , . ' withn a reasonable time after notice , a penalty of £ 100 was to have been inflicted for refusal or nc
g leet . Sub-inspectors , under the general direction of tbe three principal inspectors ,- were also to have ¦* _•; been appointed . In cases of accidents , notice waj _| to be sent within twelve hours to the nearest sub * _3 inspector , who was iustantly to make _inves . f tigation into the circumstances , and attend with I a surgeon on the parties injured . The _sub-inspec . I tor was also empowered to bring actions , in the 1 name and on behalf of parties so injured against ff the overseers ; and . in cases where the verdict was I Si
..... _ ,. ., _ ,,,.., . . returned for the defendant , the costs were to be f paid out of the funds provided for the purposes of % the Act , by laying a tax of a farthing a ton on all £ the coal sold in Great Britain , so that no risk of a Jj pecuniary character should deter the sufferers frora % seeking legal redress . Where death ensued from re- | movable causes , the inspector was to attend ' the inquest , and re-examine the witnesses . Ac tions mi g ht he brought for the benefit of the wives , children , and parents of the deceased _.
the amount to be divided among the survivors , at the discretion of the Secretary of State . The bill also contained important regulations as to work and wages , which would have been most beneficial to the oppressed and ill-used miners . All work was to have been paid for by weig ht , and not by measurement ; wages were to be paid weekl y , and no man was to be allowed to- receive thb
earnings of another , except under special circumstances , It is to be regretted tbat a measure so much needed , and which would have conferred so much benefit on our mining population , should have been defeated : We can only express our hope , that if Government does not take the matter up next session , the indefatigable member for Finsbury will again bring it forward , with such improvements in its machinery and provisions as may be suggested during the recess .
Lord Brougham, At The Fag-End Of The Ses...
Lord Brougham , at the fag-end of the session , made a long speech and a motion on a matter which ought to have been attacked at the commence * ment , namely , the mode of doing the private business of the house . He showed , very forcibly , all the evils of the preseut system , and predicted that next Parliament would be entirel y a railway one . The question , however , is—why did his Lordship not bring on the subject when there was time to have reformed the system , and prevented the evils of which he complained , instead of waiting almost to the twelfth hour , only to make a flashy speech , and let the matter drop ?
The Poor Law Administration Bill , which has excited such lengthened and animated discussions in the Commons , has been received almost with silence by the Lords * . The second reading drew forth » short speech from Lord Brougham , in which h _« stated his adherence to the princi ple of the New Poor : Law Bill , but passed a severe censure on the Com- mission , for the manner in which they had carried it ; out , and especiall y for tbe fear tbey had always 5 shown of the newspapers . It is evident that wc : shall be saddled with the Somerset-house _Comnii ' s- ¦
sion in another shape , and that the Malthusian law r is to continue unaltered in principle , however much a its practical working may be modified by the new •* machinery .
Co Sxeauersi & Corregiponton T& ≫?
Co _SxeaUersi & _Corregiponton t _& >?
Iiisali. Notice.—I Am Daily Receiving Co...
_IiISAli . NOTICE . —I am daily receiving communications fromm persons requiring ( jtrattiitous legal advice in tlio Star , ir whose very letters prove them to be men of property , ty The spaco of this paper is not to be monopolised by the bt rich to the detriment ofthe poor , whose cases shall al . al ways obtain the jfrjt consideration . Rich men re- re quiring advice shall in future receive fbivate answer * en upon remitting a fee of from five shillings to half a sore- ie reign according to the length of their cases and their _eii ability to pay . Ebskst Jonbs . i . IT is _REQUESTED THAT SO LEGAL C 0 MS 1 UNI . _RI CATIONS , PRIVATE OB OTHERWISE , BE F 0 R _«) R WARDED DURING _TH"R ENSUING WEEK , as _tlietli space of this paper is limited , and the number of lettorstor
so great , that even most of tbese will have to be aa * an _swered privately . J . Mann , Hebden Bridge . —Sho may , before _mnrriogStec secure her property to herself anil put it out of her " his _^ us band ' s power ; but it will require some skill to draw tlia- tli settlement properly . If you will send me the _nnnw _utjs i the young woman , her intended hu 6 bnnd , and of tw _t" " respectable trustees , and inform mo what her prupertjer consists of , I will prepare it short settlement , und _wniutaii shall not cent much . D . P ., Bolton , Bradford * —Send me a copy of tho ivill < aB _<( ai before you send it you had better take a copy to keep _^ ee ] _e-ivo me tha uddrcsa of tho surrivina ? trustee , and tell mill i
when tho _jouiigwt child came of age , and who is nor nc recuveiing the rents . The conduct of the _trusteoseeinieet to _hnve been must shameful . A _Pooa Mia o p tub ( _"fHoVKSi-If you nill _furnisli mil 1 with t \_ e names ofthe boys and their _mastors , I will still i if _Hjajtliiiig ean be done in the case . Can any proof _hof _bjeought forward about the promiso of tho clothes _au-s a money ? Robsbt Kitchen , Low Mill . —If your brother does nw 1 return to his master , the master may suoyour lather dier his bond . If , indeed , tho master neglects to do Ulo i duty to his apprentice ( your brother ) , and it cau bu proved , tlio magistrates would probably order the » ih « dentures of apprenticeship and bom ] te BO _delivered Vrid nnal (* nnp « II « _al .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 3, 1847, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_03071847/page/4/
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