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Northern Star (1837-1852), 4th January 1845, Edition 3 of 4, Page 1, VOL. VIII. NO. 373. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 4 1845 M««" «™*™« °* ' y^K^ ' firc Shillings and Sixpence per Quarter

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    • #omsn SfifeUfipiice
    • AOT) NATIONAL TEAMS' JOURNAL.
    • VOL. VIII. NO. 373. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 4 1845 M««" «™*™« °* ' y^K^ ' firc Shillings and Sixpence per Quarter
    • tfjjat'ttet Intelligent
    • SHEFFIELD
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      France. The Chambeb. Of Deputies Elected...

      FRANCE . The Chambeb . of Deputies elected , on Friday , M . _Samiet , aa President , by a majority of 177 _Toioes , M . Bopin having 120 , and M . Odillon Barrot twenty Totes . Tbis is a Ministerial triumph , though , had M . Dupin been elected , it would have been a Ministerial defeat . _Chasses is the Ministry . —It is stated that M . Tfflemain , Minister for Public Instruction , has been Struck with insanity . _Threepcrsons are already indicated as likely _^ to succeed him . in office—namely , Count _MontaIive _£ M . de Salvandy , and M . Rossi ( Peer of France ) . The latter will be the . man , in all probability .

      SPAIN . The Bloodt Government . —A Madrid journal of Dec . " 17 th , publishes the following list 6 f individuals who have been shot for political offences in Spain from December 1 st , 1843 , to December 13 th , 1844 : — In the barrack of San Francisco , General Karvaez being present , three sergeants , a corporal , and a soldier ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5 By the Capt Gea . of Galicia , Feb . 21 , im , a peasant 1 By General Boncali , at _Villafranca , Feb . 14 th , 1844 , seven officers ' By General Roncali , at Alicante , March 11 th , 1844 , officers and peasants * - 24 In Galicia , March 13 th , 1 S 44 4 By General Itoncali , March 15 th , 1344 3 By General Itoncali , lie unfortunate secretary , Garriao , March 20 th , 1844 * Bv ibe Baron de _ileer , at Barcelona , March 23 rd ,

      1 m 4 .. . — - — — . — -- * - " — - * By the Baron _deMet-r _, in upper Catalonia , April 23 ru , 1844 _« By General Yillalonga , in ths Maestrazgo , shot in cold Wood , after being made prisoners , besides thosewbofellintlieneld , Julyl , _18 « t- 120 By General Breton , at Saragossa , suspected of haring " been implicated iu the shooting of Estella , July 13 , 1644 : By General Breton , at _Caspe , July 16 , 1844 , three

      officers - By the Baron de Meer , at Barcelona , suspected of being engaged in the Theatre conspiracy , Sov . 2844 ... .. . — ... . _*» — *•• *•• - - By the Baron deMcer , Capt _Sanjosr , } Sov . 1844 ... 1 In Sot . 1844 , at Valencia , two officers - In Sot . 1844 , at Logrono _, Zorbano ' s two sons , brother in law , and five others _J In Not . 1844 , atAnso , by Gen . Breton ., 3 At Anso and Echo , by the same . " . 1-At the same places , Bee . 13 , 1844 . ' 1

      Total . -17 Abolition op the Slave Tbade . —M . Martinez de la Rosa has presented to thc Cortes a bill for the abolition of the slave trade . " The principle contained in this bill has long been recognised by our Government , agreeable to pending treaties , bnt a law was wanted , -making the trade a penal offence , whieh is ihe object of tlie present measure . Mora Akrests . —M . _Caballem , Minister ofthe Interior under Lopez , who was living in seclusion at his country scat , has been arrested aud imprisoned , as haveako several respectableinhabitants of Cuenca .

      SWITZERLAND . The Helvetic of the 24 th inst . contains the decree ofthe Government of Lucerne , ordering thc re-orga nization of the landsturm , "to protect persons and property against the attack of foreign hordes of _brigansi . " All men able to carry arms were to be incorporated with the landstam , and to assemble in the chief town of their respective districts at the first sound of the tocsin , and " march to destroy the invaders . " Dr . Steiger , one of the prisoners taken during thc last revolt , had been permitted to visit his patients , accompanied hy two gendarmes and eight soldiers . The authorities of Lucerne had seized a sum of 80 , 000 £ in specie , deposited by M , Jules Sahanann in the hands of a hanker of that city . Colonel Guggenbuhler had died at Lenzbourg in the arms of his wife and sister . Confined by illness during the whole summer , he left his bed to defend the cause of liberty , and the fatigues hc experienced in the outbreak of the Sth inst . had completely

      exhausted his strength . Great ExerrEMEXT rs the Castors . —Thc excitement occasioned by the late conflict in the canton ol Lucerne has by no " means subsided , but it seems to spread ratherthan otherwise . A popular assembly of about 3 , 000 persons , chiefly composed of citizens of Berne , Soleure , and Argau , and refugees from Lucerne , was hcld in the church of Faubrunnen , on the 16 th nit , A plan for an association against tse Jesuits was organiscd , andapetition to the government of Berne finally agreed upon , calling upon it to plaw itself at flic head of the cantons opposed to the establishment of the Jesuits in Switzerland . Hostile re solutions were also passed in a meeting at Zoniigu _* . _* . The canton of Schwytz marched troops to *¦ ... *

      fitmtier of Lucerne on the 16 th . Meanwhile , ihe executive council of Lucerne addressed tt _» 31 the eantons a federal resolution , according tc which the formation of volunteer corps is _prohibits T _* e _-rritatioii is displayed in the most violent Janffir ~ i : A radical journal , printed at Argau , offcro . _api-enlsm uf 75 Swiss francs to whomsoever si ; ai * ¦ "ilia- _rsrr , or one of their adherents . M . _Walcei-, nil-. * fi the grand council of Argau , had tcn-• _iV-i-jnation of his seat in that assembly : — _:. participated in the expedition _against Lv _, -i-. " he savs , "I cannot remain any longer a iu- .- ' ' of the councils of the republic , It _iswih .

      i' - _ia-hines that the Swiss people must , in future , _j . i . ie their wishes ; for thc federal compact r . a _i-oaasT exists . It has been long since torn and [ replaced by the golden league : the league ofthe _Bor-*> _wnieans ( Catholic party ) . _Rot a vestige of that _Wiqpact is now entire . " Thc grand council _refuse-i to accept this resignation . The grand council « _l Zurich assembled ou the 16 th , for the purpose of appointing a burgo-master . The election , uuderi existing circumstances , was considered of the highest importance . After five ballots , M . Zehnder , the _lilwral candidate , obtained two votes more tlian «« competitor , M . Bluntschi , the Conservative _candidate , and was declared duly returned .

      TURKEY . _CoxsiAxnxoptE , Dec . IL—The progress of diplomatic negociations has again been impeded by the birth , on the 9 th inst ., of another child to the Sultan . This time it is a princess , who bears the name of Murjire , L e ., Brilliant . To-day thc Sultan holds , in consequence , a rikkiab , or levee , which is attended by all the high functionaries , who are , therefore , absent from theiroffices . BythelastaccountsfromPcrsia it would appear that Dr . Wolff will be called upon to make a protracted stay at Tehran , until the

      settlement of the pecuniary obligations lie contracted on withdrawing from the territories of Bokhara . Reports state that during the late storms some six or eight English vessels have been lost in the Azoff and Black Sea , Tlie weather has cleared up at last , aud we snail soon ascertain flic real extent of the alleged losses . Wc have gales here every winter which gene rallv moderate at the end of three or fourdays , whercas the present lasted , off and on , a full fortnight . Even at present the bosom of the sea is anything but a bed of roses .

      UNITED STATES . THS _PKESIDESt ' s SPEECH . _—AXTICIPATrEn WAR BETWEES

      THE EXITED STATES AXD MEXICO . _Ltvebpooi , Suxpat Evening . —Thc British and North American Royal mail steam-ship Caledouia _, Captain Lott , arrived " in Bootle-bay at four o ' clock this afternoon . The Electoral College had unanimously confirmed the late Presidential and Vicepresidential elections . Congress met ou Monday , 2 d inst ., and the President ' s message , wliich wc annex , -was delivered on thc following day . __ The anterior proceedings of Congress are interesting . In thc Senate , on the 3 rd , Mr . M'Dufic introduced a joint resolution for the annexation of Texas to the United States . The resolution provides that the first eight articles of the treaty rejected by the Senate last session , shall be the fundamental law of union between

      the United States and lexas , as soon as the supreme authorities of that Republic shall agree to thc same ; and , also , that whatever was stipulated to be done immediately , or at a fixed period after the ratification ofthe treaty compact , shall be done immediately , or in a like period after , the authorities of Texas shall have formally agreed to the resolution . Itwas referred io thc Committee on Foreign Relations . A similar joint resolution was also reported in the House . On the followhig day Mr . Benton introduced his bill of last session , providing for the " re-annexation of Texas ; " and tills was also referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations . On the same day a resolution , introduced by Mr . Allen , calling upon the President of the United States for information concerning the state of the negotiations pending on the Oreeon questions , was , after some opposition ,

      adopted by a Tote of twenty-four to sixteen . Another resolution , calling upon the President , if not incompatible with the public interest , for copies of all correspondence between France and fhe American Minister at Paris , relative to the proposed annexation , was adopted . A bill to establish a uniform line forthe election of electors of President and "Vice-president was under consideration . We hxve received a mass of official documents connected with the _^ question of annexation . It appears that during the past spring and autumn an active and exceedingly lengthy correspondence has been taking place between the United States , Mexico , Texas , France , and no doubt England , with respect to'annexation ; the most important facts disclosed by ] _fhich are , that , in pursuance of instructions received from Calhoun to " use strong language , " Mr . Shan-

      * This Section Includes The Unfortunate ...

      * This section includes the unfortunate Bonet _, general 4 _jpreaiient ofthe revolutionary hody . in _* < r ese t , _'urdered victims were Carlists . The _remaintb % Vf' _* the " _were Republicans or Liberals , opposed to _MUemal ryrannv of Munoz , Sarraez , and Co . the a *; _^ au _£ one of the most devoted ana heroic of at _^ _Vauliean defenders of Barcelona . This hero , who . a _» , 1 _^ _od of his death , was but twenty-two years of ta * J _^ _^' haterallv descended from St . Just , the immwr-= ator « f the French Revolution .

      * This Section Includes The Unfortunate ...

      non , the United States Minister to Mexico , at once proceeded to do so , by protesting , "in the most solemn form , " against the invasion of Texas , and against the manner in which Mexico was acting towards that country in regard of General Woll _' s order of June last . According to the generality of the accounts , Mr . Shannon had suspended diplomatic relations with Mexico , but the reports want confirmation . Thc remainder ofthe correspondence referred to above shows that Texas , alarmed by the threats of an invasion by Mexico , applied to the United States Government for the fulfilment of Mr . Murphy ' s p ledge of military assistance aud protection , which , it may be remembered , Mi * . Murphy was rebuked for giving , as b . vond his authority . This fact was

      adverted to in the reply to the application , which declined rendering thc assistance , on the ground that the promise was to be in force only while the' treaty was pending ; and as the treaty had fallen through , by the refusal ofthe Senate to ratify , the promise had fallen with it . Outbreaks of the most serious character had certainly occurred in different states of Mexico . Nearly one-half of thc Mexican armv had revolted , and declared against Santa Anna , if the reports brought by these vessels aro correct . The Government were put to thc greatest trouble to obtain money to prosecute the war against Texas , and everything was at odds and ends . Congress

      had voted unanimously an approval of Senor Rcjon ' s correspondence with Mr . Shannon , and it was thought that Santa Anna , through the impending war , might be able , by obtaining command of the purse , to keep possession of the sword of State . Meantime , General Paredes has placed himself at thc head of a revolt , and has publicly denounced Santa Anna , complaining ofthe disorganization of the army , the abuses of the treasury department , thc disorder existing in thc public offices , alleged breaches of law and violations of right on the part of the Dictator , and the invasion of Texas , not on thc score of right on the part of the Texians , but on that of thc mismanagement of the proceedings against that province .

      THE MESSAGE . It is impossible for us to give this document entire , occupying , as it does , nearly a page ofthe London daily papers . Ah the " points , " however , wc do give , and no fact of importance is omitted in the following digest : —

      SUCCESS OF THB DEMOCRATIC EXPERIMENT . — - STABILITY OF REPUBLICAN" INSTITUTIONS . To die Senate and House of _Representathes of the United States . We have continued cause for expressing our gratitude to the Supreme Huler ofthe Universe for the benefits and blessings which our country , under His kind providence , has enjoyed during the past year . Notwithstanding the exciting scenes through which we have passed , nothing has occurred to disturb the general peace , or to derange thc harmony of our political system . The great moral spectacle has been exhibited of a nation , approximating in number to 20 , 000 , 000 people , having performed the high and important function of electing their Chief Magistrate for the term of four years , without the

      commission of any acts of violence , or the manifestation of a spirit of insubordination to the laws . The great and inestimable right of _suflrage lias been exercised by all who were invested witli it , under the laws of tlie different states , in a spirit dictated alone by a desire , in the selec tion of tlie agent , to advance the interests of the country , and to place beyond jeopardy the institutions under which it is our happiness to live . Thatthe deepest interest lias been manifested by all our countrymen in the result of the election is not less true than highly creditable to them . Vast multitudes have assembled , from time to time , at various places , for the purpose of canvassing tlie merits and pretensions of those who were presented for their suffrages ; but no armed soldiery has boon necessary to restrain within proper limits the popular zeal , or to

      prevent violent outbreaks . A principle much more controlling was found in the love of order and obedience to the laws , which , with mere individual exceptions , everywhere possesses the American mind , and controuls witli an influence far more powerful tlian hosts of armed men . We cannot dwell upon this picture without recognising in it tbat deep and devoted attachment , on the part of the X > cople , to the institutions under which we live which proclaims their perpetuity . The great objection which has always prevailed against the election , by the people , of their chief executive officer , has been thc apprehension of tumults aud disorders , wbich might involve in ruin the entire Government . A security against this is found not only in the fact before alluded to , but in the additional act that we live under a confederacy embraeingalreadv

      twenty-six States , no one of which has power to controul the election . The popular vote in each State is taken at tlie time appointed by the laws , and such vote is announced by its electoral college , without reference to tlie decision of tlie other States . The right of suffrage and the mode of conducting the election are regulated by the laws of each State ; and the election is distinctly federative in all its prominent features . Thus it is , tliat , unlike what might be the results under a consolidated system , riotous proceedings , should they prevail , could only aftcct the elections in single States , without disturbing to any dangerous extent the tranquillity of others . The great experiment—a political confederacy , each member of whieh is supreme as to all matters appertaining to its local interests , and its internal _psace and happiness , while , by a voluntary compact with others , it concedes to the united power of nil the protee .

      lion of its citizens m matters not domestic—has been so Sir crowned with complete success . The world lias witnessed its r , lipid growth in wealth and population ; aud , under the guide aad direction of a superintending Providence , tlie developments ofthe past may be regarded but as the shadowing forth of thc mighty future . In tbe bright prospects of that future , we shall find , as patriots and philanthropists , thc highest inducements to cultivate and cherish a love of union , and to frown dowu every mensure or effort which , may be made to alienate the States , or the people of the States , in sentiment and feeling , from each other . A rigid and close adherence to the terms of our political compact , and , above all , a sacred observance of the guarantees of thc Constitution , will preserve union on a foundaiion which cannot ho shaken ; while personal liberty 5 s placed beyond hazard or jeopardy .

      the rnrnBE or the ajiehicax _eepubiic . The guarantee of religious freedom , of tho freedom of the press , of the liberty of speech , of the trial by jury , of the habeas corpus , aud of the domestic institutions of each ofthe States—leaving the private citizen in the full exercise of the high and ennobling attributes of liis nature , aud to each State tlie privilege , which can only be judiciously exerted by itself , of consulting the means best calculated io advance its own happiness;—these are thc Sreat and important guarantees of the constitution , which the lovers of liberty must cherish , and file advocates of union must ever cultivate . Preserving these , and avoidiug all interpolations by forced construction , under the guise of an imagined expediency , upon the constitution , the inilueuce of our political system is destined to be as actively and as beneficially felt on thc distant shores of the Pacific ns it is now on those of tlie Atlantic Ocean . The onlv formidable impediments in the way of its

      successful expansion ( time and space ) are so far in the progress of modification by the improvements of the age as to render no longer speculative the ability of representatives £ roxu thai remote region to conic / up to the capital , so that then- constituents shall participate in all the benefits of Federal legislation . Thus it is tbat , in the progress of time , tlie inestimable principles of civil liberty will he enjoyed by millions yet unborn , and the great beuefitsof our system ofgoverment be extended to now distant and uninhabited regions . In view of the vast wilderness yet to be reclaimed , we may well invite the lover of freedom , of every land , to take up his abode among us , ar . d -. i . _ssisi in the great work of advancing the standard of civilisation , and giving a wider spread to the arts and refinements of cultivated life . Our prayers should evermore be offered up to the Father of the Universe for His _wisdom to direct us in the path cf our dutv , so as to enable us to consummate tliese high

      purposes . OIWECTJOS 3 TO _-BEPUBIICASISH _ANSWEKED . One of the strongest objections that have been urged against confederacies , by writers on government , is the liability of the members to be tampered with by foreign Governments , or thcpeople of foreign states , either in their local affairs , or in such as affected the peace of others , or endangered the safety of the whole confederacy . We cannot hope to be entirely exempt from such attempts on our peace aud safety . The United States are _hgcomiug too important in population and resources not to attract tha observation of other nations . It therefore may , in the progress of time , occur that opinions entirely abstract in the states in which thoy may prevail , and in no degree

      affecting their domestic institutions , may be artfully , but secretly , encouraged with a view to undermine the TJuion . Such opinions may become the foundation ol political parties , until at last the conflict of opinion , producing an alienation of friendly feeling , among the peop _!« of tlie different states , may involve in one general destruction the happy institutions under which wc liTt . It should ever be borne in mind that what is true in regard to individuals is equally so in regard to states . An interference of one in the affairs of another is the fruitful source of family dissensions and neighbourhood disputes ; and tlie same cause affects tlie peace , happiness , and prosperity of states . It may be most devoutly hoped that the good " sense of the American peoplo will ever be ready to repel all such attempts , should they ever be mad » ,

      PEACE . There has been no material change in our foreign relations siuce my last annual message to Congress . _^ With all the powers * of Europe we continue on thc most friendly crras . Indeed , It affords me much satisfaction to State ,

      * This Section Includes The Unfortunate ...

      that at no former period lias the peace of that enlightened and important quarter of the globe ever been , apparently , more firmly established . The conviction that peace is the true policy of nations would seem to be growing and becoming deeper among the enlightened everywhere ; and there is no people who have a stronger interest in cherish ing thu sentiment , and adopting the means of preserving and giving it permanence , than those of the United States .

      THE _OEEGON . Since the closing of your last session , a _negotiation has been formally entered upon between the Secretary of State and her Britannic Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary _^ and Envoy Extraordinary , residing at Washington , relative to the rights of their respective nations in and over the Oregon territory . That negociation is still pending . The President proceeds to recommend the establishment of military posts at suitable points , to protect American emigrants proceeding to the disputed territory . He adds—It will afford the greatest pleasure to witness a happy and favourable termination to the existing negociations upon terms compatible with the public honour ; and the best efforts of the Government will continue to be directed to tbis end .

      CLAIKS ON THE BEITISn GOVEBNMENT . It would have given me the liighest gratification in this my last annual communication to Congress to have been able to announce to you the complete and entire settlement and adjustment of other matters in difference between the United States and the Government of her Britannic Majesty , which were adverted to in a previous message . It is so obviously the interest of both countries , in respect to the large and valuable commerce which exists between them , tliat all causes of complaint , however inconsiderable , should be with the greatest promptitude removed , that it

      must be regarded as cause of regret that any unnecessary delays should be permitted to intervene . Itis truo that , in a pecuniary point of view , the matters alluded to are altogether insignificant in amount when compared with the ample resources of that great nation ; but they , nevertheless , more particularly that limited class which arise under seizures and detentions of American ships on the coast of Africa , upon the mistaken supposition , indulged in at the time the wrong was committed , of their being engaged in tlie slave trade , deeply affect the sensibilities of this Government and people .

      , FOBiIGN TREATIES . The President then goes on to state the result of negociations with other nations : — I informed the two houses of Congress , in my message of December last , that instructions bad been given to Mr . Wheaton , our Minister at Berlin , to negotiate a treaty with the Germanic States , composing the Zollverein , if it could be doue—stipulating , as far as it was practicable to accomplish it , for a reduction of the heavy and onerous duties levied on our tobacco and other leading articles of agricultural production ; and yielding iu return , on our

      part , a reduction of _dutios on such articles , the production of their industry , as should not come into competition , or but a lunited one , with articles ,, the product of our manufacturing industry . The President adds that , owing to untoward circumstances , this treaty had failed , but the United States Minister at Berlin had received instructions to re-open the negociation , which , it was hoped , would result in ultimate success . Belgium had assimilated her flag to that of the United States , for purposes of direct trade . Negotiations were pending with other states .

      MEXICO AXD TEXAS . The President proceeds to a consideration of the unsatisfactory state of affairs existing between Mexico and Texas . He says—Mexico has threatened to renew the war , and has either made , or purposes to make , formidable preparations for invading Texas , She has issued decrees and proclamations preparatory to the commencement of hostilit ies , full of threats revolting to humanity ; and which , if carried into effect , would arouse the attention of all Christendom . This new demonstration of feeling , there

      is too much reason to believe , has been produced in consequence of the negociation of the late treaty of annexation with Texas . After stating that a strong representation was made from the United States to Mexico , he proceeds to argue against the practice and policy of the proceedings of the Mexicans , to show that the Texians had onlv done what was natural and inevitable , for whicli the Mexicans were rashly bent on provoking a contest , the consequences of which must be fearful . He then comes to the annexation treaty : —

      Upon the ratification of the treaty , the executive was prepared to treat with lior on the most liberal basis . Hence the boundaries of Texas were left undefined by tlie treaty . The executive proposed to settle these upon , terms that all the world should have pronounced just and reasonable . So negociation upon that point could hare been undertaken between the United States of Mexico , in advance of the ratification of tlie treaty . Mexico threatened war with the states if the treaty wcre ratified ; but by that threat they wcre not to be influenced , nor was it required .

      The President adds , his opinion was , that if tne treaty had been ratified by the senate , it would have been followed by a prompt settlement , to thc entire satisfaction of Mexico , of every matter in difference between the two countries . The treaty was not ratified ; but , said he , a controlling majority of the people , and a large majority of the states , have declared in favour of iminedLate annexation . Instructions have thus come up to both branches of congress from their respective constituents in terms the most emphatic . It is the will of both the people and the states , that Texas shall be annexed to the Union promptly and

      immediately . It may be hoped , in _caii-ying into execution the public will , thus declared , all collateral issues may be avoided . Tho Texians , he proceeded , were still desirous of throwing themselves under thc protection of the states , and no complaint could be apprehended f rom any other quarter . It was a question for their decision whether she should be received or not , the forms of annexation having been already resolved upon between the two governments . The decree of Mexico in relation to retail trade , and the order for the expulsion of foreigners , were in violation of the treaty of amity ; and these questions remained unadjusted ,

      THB _FKUSCES . The President next congratulates the nation on the improved condition ofthe treasury : — The paralysis which had fallen on trade and commerce , aud which subjected the Government to the necessity of resorting to loans , and the issue of treasury notes to a large amount , has passed away ; and , after the payment of upwards of 7 , 000 , 000 dollars on account of the interest , and in redemption of more than 5 , 000 , 000 dollars of tlie public debt , which falls due on the 1 st of January next , aud setting apart upward of 2 , 000 , 000 dollars for the payment of outstanding treasury notes , and meeting an instalment ofthe debts of tlie corporate cities ofthe district of Columbia , an estimated surplus of upwards of 7 , 000 , 000 dollars , over and above tlie existing appropriations , will remain in the treasury at the close of the fiscal year .

      BANKING AND TAXATION . It must also be a matter of unmingled gratification that , uuder the existing financial system—resting upon the act of 1789 , and the resolution of 1816—the currency of the country has attained a state of perfect soundness ; and tlie rates of exchange betweeu different parts of the Union , which , in 1841 , denoted , by their enormous amount , the great depreciation , and in fact worthlessness of the currency in most of the states , are now reduced to little more than the mere expense of transporting specie from place to place , and the risk incident to the operation . In a new country like that of tlie United States—where so many inducements are held out for speculation—the _depositors of the surplus revenue , consisting of banks of any description , wheu it reaches any considerableamouat ,

      requires the closest vigilance on the part of the Government . All banking institutions , under whatever denomination they may pass , are governed by an almost exclusive regard to the interest of the stockholders . That interest consists in the augmentation of profits in tlie form of dividends , and a large surplus revenue intrusted to tlieir custody is but too apt to lead to excessive loans and to extravagantly large issues of paper . As a necessary consequence , pi ices are nominally increased , and the speculative mania everywhere seizes upon the public mind . A fictitious stato of prosperity for a season exists , and , in the language of the day , money hocomeB plenty . Contracts are entered into by individuals , resting npon this unsubstantial state of things , but the delu » ion soon passes away , and thc country is overrun with an in . debtedness so weighty as to overwhelm many , and to visit every department of iuduf try with great and ruinous embarrassment The greatest vigilance becomes

      necessary oa tbe part of Government to guard against this state of things . The depositaries mnst be given distinctly to understand that tho favours of the Government will be altogether _witlidra-. vn , or substantially diminished , if its revenues shall be regarded as additions to their hanking capital , or as the foundation of an enlarged circulation . The Government , through its revenue , has at all times an important part to perform in connexion with the currency ; and it greatly depends upon its vigilance and care whether the country be involved in embarrassments similar to those which it has had recently to encounter , or , aided by _theactifin of the treasury , shall be preserved in a sound andhealthy condition . The dan . gers to he guarded against are greatly _augmented by too large a surplus of revenue . When that surplus greatly exceeds in amount what shall ba required by a wise and _prudentforecasttoraeetunforeseen contingencies , fhelegislnure itself mav come to be seized with a disposition w

      * This Section Includes The Unfortunate ...

      indulge in extravagant appropriations to objects , many of wliich may , and most probably would be , found to conflict with the constitution . A fancied expediency is elevated above constitutional authority ; anda reckless and wasteful extravagance hut too certainly foUons _, Tlie important power of taxation , which , when exercised in its most restricted form , is a burden on labour and production , is resorted to , under various pretexts , for purposes having no affinity to the motives which dictated its grant , and thc extravagance of Governments stimulates individual extravagance , until the spirit of a ' wild and _iU-regulated speculation involves ono anil all in its unfortunate results . In view of such fatal consequences , it may be laid down as au axiom , founded on moral and political truth , tliat no greater taxes should be imposed than are necessary for an

      economical administration of the government ; and that whatever exists beyond should hc reduced or modified . This doctrine does in uo way conflict with the exercise of a sound discrimination i n the selection of the articles to be taxed , wliich a due regard to the public weal would at all times suggest to the legislative mind . It leaves the range of selection undefined ; and such selection should always ho made with an eye to the great interests of the . country . Composed as Is the Union of separate -. mil independent states , a patriotic Legislature will not fail , in consulting the interests of the parts , to adopt such course as will be best calculated to advance the harmony of the whole ; and thus insure that permanency of the poliey of the Government without which all efforts to advance

      tlie public prosperity , are vain and fruitless . This great and vitally important task rests with Congress , and the Executive can do no more than recommend the general principles which should govern in its execution . ., ; The President then proceeds to observe on thc reports of the Secretaries of "War , the Navy , & e . ; wliich , however , do not contain any points of general interest . He strongly advises the establishment of lines of stcam-shipa to ply regularly between the _UnitedjStates and foreign ports ; and concludes by congratulating thehouses of Congress upon the happy auspices under which they had assembled , and thc improved prospects of trade , manufactures , and revenue . The following is the concluding paragraph ofthe Message : —

      Under theso circumstances , and with these anticipations , I shall most gladly leave to others more able than myself the noble and pleasing task of sustaining the publio prosperity . I shaU carry with me into retirement the gratifying recollection that , as my sole object throughout has been to advance the public good , I may not entirely have failed in accomplishing it and this gratification is heightened in no small degree by the fact that when , under a deep and abiding sense of duty , I have found myself constrained to resort to tho qualified veto , it has neither been followed by disapproval ou the part of the people nor weakened in any degree their attachment to that great conservative feature of our Government . John Tvleb . Washington , December , 1814 .

      Aot) National Teams' Journal.

      AOT ) NATIONAL TEAMS' JOURNAL .

      Vol. Viii. No. 373. London, Saturday, January 4 1845 M««" «™*™« °* ' Y^K^ ' Firc Shillings And Sixpence Per Quarter

      VOL . VIII . NO . 373 . LONDON , SATURDAY , JANUARY 4 1845 M ««" «™*™« ° * ' y _^ K _^ ' firc Shillings and Sixpence per Quarter

      Cosvictloxof A Murdbber.—Nibw Tore, Dfic...

      CosVICTlOXOF A _MURDBBER . _—NiBW TORE , _DfiC A . —The trial of WiUiam Miller , which bas boen in progress before the Circuit Court at Troy , for some days past , on a charge of murdering . George West , more than two years ago , in the town of Sandlake , Rcnsslacr county , was terminated on Tuesday , Dec . 3 rd , The evidence , though wholly circumstantial , seems to have been conclusive ; and tho jury , after being out a few hours , brought in a verdict of Guilty . On Wednesday morning Judge Parker pronounced sentence of death upon the prisoner , assuring him there was no hope of pardon . The 2 Sth of January is tho day fixed for Miller ' s execution .

      CANADA . The Canadian Parliament met , as appointed , on the 28 th ult . ; the Houso of Assembly chose as Speaker , Sir Allan M'Nab , who was opposed for that office by _Auguatin M . Morin . We give the following extract from the Governor-General ' s speech : — Many subjects in which tho welfare of tlie province is deeply involved will'be entitled to your earnest consideration . None can be more important than the improvement of the education of the people , which is one of the most urgent duties ofthe State ; and I anxiously hope , that in addition to suoh other amendments of existing laws on this momentous question as may be required in either section of the province , your wisdom may be able to devise somo arrangement respecting tbe University of King ' s College , that may receive the sanction of the Crown , and give general satisfaction in the colony . The municipal institutions of the province , the provisions for whieh have ,

      in Lower Canada , proved , to a groat extent , nugatory , will , no . doubt , engage your attention , as well as tlie state of the prisons and tho want of lunatic asylums . The melioration of the means of communication throughout the province , on which its prosperity mainly depends , for production is unavailing if means do not exist of reacbing a market , also deserves consideration . The eastern townships of lower Canada are peculiarly destitute iu this particular ; and the town of Kingston , in Upper Canada , which has unavoidably suffered much by thc removal of . the seat of Government , fs devoid of a road through the inland territory , towards the Ottawa , which is essential for the prosperity of that neighbourhood . Notwithstanding the unavoidable expense attendant on tbe removal of the scat of Government from Kingston to Montreal , and other claims to be submitted for your consideration , a considerable surplus revenue will remain , affording the means of making some provision towards the liquidation of tbe public debt .

      INDIA AND CHINA . _B- _^ ext raordinary express , despatches have been received from China of the 31 st of October , and from Calcutta to the 16 th November inclusive . There is no news from China . The intelligence from India is not very important . The Kolaporc insurrection has been put down , but it proved of a more serious nature than was anticipated . The murder of Captain Alcock , of the 46 th N . J ., on his way lo Neemueh , has created a great sensation . ( From the Bengal Hurkani , November 10 , 1844 J

      The past month has not been prolific in events of a very stirring character . The insurrection in the Kolapore country , which proved to be of a more serious character than we supposed when last we wroto , has been put down , ana the disturbed districts seem to be tolerably quiet . In this Presidency nothing of a very important character lias occurred . The Governor-General is still at the Presidency , and rumour is silent on the subject of any intended move froni the seat of Government . He appears to be _quictljr perfecting himself in _ the business of his administration ; and such indications as have yet been manifested seem to point to a tranquil and pacific government , pregnant with good to the people of the soil . There is no talk of a war in thc Punjab ,

      or any other immediate employment of our troops . Even the civil war , whieh many anticipated , in that long-agitated country , seems to be no longer imminent . There was a deal of vapouring between the two chiefs , Hecra and Golab Singh , but , as we surmised , they were not in earnest , and nothing came of all their menaces . They have now como to a pacific understanding , and matters will speedily be settled , though , probably , only to bo disturbed again . In the meantime , Sawun Mull , the Governor of Moultan , one o f thc most able and energetic , and at the same time the most moderate and respectable of the Seikh chiefs , has been gathered to his fathers . He was Bhothy amalofactor _, whilst _sitting on the judgment seat , and after lingering for a few days

      died ot his wound . He has been succeeded by 1 ns son , Mool Raj . The intelligence from _Afghanistan is , as usual , not very clear and reliable ; but it would seem that the dangers which Dost Mahomed apprehended from the designs of the Usbegs and Tartars have blown over ; that tho successes of the Hindoo _Kcosh have rolled back the tide of invasion , and that the intrigues of Bokhara have been defeated . From the latter place Dr . Wolff lias emerged in safety—but of this , in all probability , intelligence will have been received in England before the arrival of the present despatch . Within the Presidency two domcatic . cvents have occasioned some interest of a painful character . One of these is tbe suicide of the Rajah of Rerhampote , who having committed , through his instruments , some acts of cruelty on the . person of a dependent , which occasioned , in the sequel , the poor man ' s death , came down to Calcutta , where intelligence of the

      tragic issue reached him , coupled with the information that a warrant was out for his arrest . Dreading the indignity of falling into the hands of the myrmidons of the police , the wretched man blew out his brains . He had previously mado a will , leaving the bulk , of Ms largo property to be devoted to the establishment and support of a university . The coroner ' s jury brought in a verdict of Feb de se . The other event is the murder , hy Dacoits , of Captain Alcock , of the Quartermaster-General ' s department , who was intercepted on a journey , by a band of notorious dacoits , of whom the police were in pursuit , and being taken for Mr . _TJnwin , the magistrate , was dragged from his palanquin , and cut to pieces . Several of the wretches concerned in this murderous deed have been apprehended . Such events arc of rare occurrence , and the present one has , therefore , cieated a very great sensation .

      ARRIVAL OF THE OVERLAND MAIL . _Lranoy , Fbidat _Mobnetg , _Januaby 3 . —Wo have received the Overland Mail from Bombay , and are enabled to publish the following intelligence . The _datware , Bombay , Doc . 2 nd ; Calcutta , Nov . 23 rd ; China , Oct . 12 th . Bombay , Dec 1 . —The intelligence of this month is , in the main , unimportant ; the chief interest attaches to the affairs of Southern Mahratta country , which Btill continues much disturbed , The second ef the two principal forts , for somo time besieged , has

      fallen to our hands by surrender , but the country continues full of troops . Colonel Ovans _, thc newlyappointed resident , lias fallen into thc enemy ' s hands , and is kept hy them a prisoner . An insurrection has broken out in the Sawunt _Warrec country ; and in the two together an army of nearly 8000 men is occupied in quelling disturbance . Everything continues tranquil in Scindo . Thc health * of the troops in the lower country is good . At Shikarpore and Sukkur sickness prevails to a very alarming extent . Her Majesty ' s 76 th Rcgiment , __ with the exception of about 100 men , is wholl y in hospital ; out of about 1000 cavalry and _nativo infantry at Shikarpore , between 700 and 800 arc in hospital . The Punjaub chiefs have become reconciled to each other , and comparative tranquillity reigns in tho

      country ot tliel _' ivoluvors . There seem to be some slight discontents in Gwalior _, but not such ns to occasion alarm . Peace and prosperity prevail throughout India at large . Sir Henry Hardinge has continued since his arrival constantly at Calcutta , aiid seems to have been , gaining golden opinions of all sorts of people . His administration promises to be a plain , practical , and peaceful one . The state of education amongst the natives was thc first thing to receive his attention , and seems to occupy a most prominent placo ih Iiis mind . Thc encouragement of science , and the promotion of domestic improvement- _^ the improvement of

      _airricnlturc—the opening of fresh roads , and the construction of bridges , have all received more or less attention . The most peace-loving suffer from no fears ; the most war-loving entertain no hopes of conquest or invasion under the present rule . A twelvemonth of such management will get rid of the excess of expenditure over income , lately amounting to about a million and a half sterling . News from China extends to the 10 th of October , but it is entirely commercial , and not important . So extensive has adulteration been practised at Bombay , that Malwa opium is quoted at 50 dols . to 700 dols ., and is getting rapidly out of repute , so that the swindlers have their reward in a ruined market .

      TURKEY . Thk Difference between Great Britain and the Porte , —The Constitutionnel publishes a letter from Constantinople ofthe 18 th ult ., confirming the statement which announced that thc Trebizond affair had been at last settled . The Pasha of that city had been blamed by the Divan , and ordered to wait on tho British Consul , and apologise for his couduct towards thc dragoman . As rcspccts __ the latter , the Porte having succeeded in establishing that he was an Ottoman subject , the Governor was only " invited to treat him in future with more moderation . "

      AUSTRALIA . We have advices from Sydney to the 4 th of September . The colonies were slowly—very slowly reviving . Great distress prevailed among the operative classes , and a public mcctuig had been hcld to memorialise the Government to take their case into consideration .

      SOUTH AUSTRALIA . To our readers generally , but especially to those who have relations or fricn ' ds in South Australia , the following extract from a late number of the Adelaide Observer , will , we think , prove acceptable . In our last number we announced the return of his excellency the governor from his expedition to the southeastern portion of tho colony . Sinco then the remainder of tbe Government party have readied the city , and wo aro happy to find that their reports of the country beyond llivoli Bay are most satisfactory , there being now no doubt as to the existence of a great extent of good land in that recently-examined portion of the province . His excellency appears to have made a successful journey , and many places hitherto scarcely known will now be laid down as

      additional to our maps and charts . We understand their route lay along the overland track to Port Philip , as far as Lake Hawdcn , after wliich quite a new country was traversed , and the drays reached Rivoli llay in little more than afortnight after crossing tho Murray . Tho desert and inhospitable region that stretches inland from the sand-hills of the Coorong begins to improve gradually as the Coorong ceases , anda chain of salt lagoons and swamps stretches along parallel to the coast . A grassy she-onkcountry , with banksia flats , affording good feed , occurs inland from Laccpedc and Guichcn Bays . Tho appearance of Rivoli Bay is described as pleasing , and likely to afford a good anchorage for small vessels . Two whalers from Van Dieman ' s Land had already piloted themselves into the bay , and were awaiting the chance of success there , intending

      to remain during the season . A reef extends . across thc mouth of the bay , and a rocky island shelters it from the N . W . The governor and party visited thc island and reefs , and found the f ormer covered with innumerable penguins , whilst thc latter afforded thc rather formidable sport of a sea lion hunt . One ol these huge animals , eight feet in length , was shot through the head by his Excellency , and afterwords knocked down by clubs and quickly despatched . The skin , wc understand , is intended as an addition to thc national collection in thc British Museum , together with a variety of rare birds , & c _., which are the result of his Excellency ' s indefatigable zeal in adding new discoveries to the fields of science . -From Rivoli Bay , which was made a temporary depot for the drays andmen _. theparty _. attcndcd by tho police , proceeded on horseback to Mount Scliauk and Mount Gambicr , a distance of eighty miles . Beyond the Bluff Kayo , south of Mount Muirliead , and thence to thc Mount

      Gambicr country , an extensive andueantiinl tract of land was found , distinguished both by its richness of soil , and the abundance of excellent grass it affords . At the foot of those ranges water occurs in tea-tree swamps , aad in one instance a clear running stream gushes up from beneath thc . limcgtone rook . . But thu finest land was yet to come . Thc rich volcanic region about the extinct craters of Mounts Gambier and Schank afforded an agreeable surprise to the travellers , who describe it as superior to the best of the Mount Barker land , and verdant to excess . The timber is principally huge black wood and mahogany gum . Water is contained in hollows or old craters of vast depth , arid is remarkably pure and limpid . Kangaroo of thc largest species were seen in flocks of eight or ten together . The climate of Mount Gambier is considerably cooler than that of any other portion of tho colony , and we doubt not but that shortly it will beoomc a nourishing and well-settled district .

      Tfjjat'ttet Intelligent

      _tfjjat'ttet _Intelligent

      London. Tursaoain-Lane, Dec. 31.—At The ...

      LONDON . Tursaoain-Lane , Dec . 31 . —At the usual weekly meeting ofthe _membei-sof this locality , Mr . WiUiam Dear in the chair , the delegate from thc District Council gave in his report ; and a subscription was opened for the benefit oftli . it sterling demoerat _, Mr . _Pregton . The chairman then left tho chair .

      BURY . Tea _Pahty . —The Chartists of this town held a Tea Party and Ball , in the Garden-street Lecture Room , on Monday evening . The room was tastefully decorated with nags , banners , portraits , and evergreens , which gave the place a pleasinging appearance . About 200 working men and their wives sat down to tea , and after doing amplejusticctothegood things set before them tho tables were cleared , when Mr . Nuttall was unanimously called to the chair . The meetiug was addressed by W . P . Roberts , Esq ., an ..- Messrs . W . Bell , of Heywood , and Win . Discar , of Manchester . The dancing then commenced , and waa kept up with great spirit until a laf u hour , when thc company broke up , highly delighted with tlie evening ' s cntertainnieut .

      BIRMINGHAM . Two Lectures were delivered in tho Democratic Chapel , Thorp-street , on Sunday and Monday , Deceniber 29 th and 30 th , by Mr . M'Uratli . Por eloquence and clearness of reasoning , these lectures have not been excelled in Birmingham . We hope soon to be favoured with another visit from Mi * . M'Grath , which we have no doubt will do much good .

      DEWSBURY . Thb Disrmcr _Dul-egate Meetiko was held on Sunday last , when the following Delegates were present : —Edward Cramshaw , George Roberts , William Chapman , Ebenezer Clegg , Ralph Frost , Isaac Wood , Francis Brook , John Waring , Frederick William Sucksmitli , who was called to the chair ; thc following resolutions were passed * . —TIiatF . W . Sucksmith he secretary for the Dewsbury district . —That the secretary be requested to correspond with tlie Mowing localities , viz ., Hecltmandwike , Batley _, Dawgreen , Earlshcaton , and Stanley , requesting them to aid in carrying out the objects of tho Association . — That _thismeeting be adjourned tothe 19 th of January , 1845 , to bo holden at the Chartist-room , Dewsbury , at half-past one o ' clock in the afternoon . —That the secretary be instructed to insert in the Northern Star , that the notice calling a West Riding delegate meeting was a mistake . It ought to hare been " a Dewsbury district meeting . " MANCHESTER .

      Mr . _Doyie . — The Chartists of this town held thenusual weekly meeting on Sunday evening last , in the Carpentcrs _' -hall , Garret-road , when that sterling advocate of democracy , Mr . 0 . Doyle , of the _executive , gave an account of his labours in the \\ est or England and Wales . The audience was large and respectable , and gave Mr . Doyle then * unanimous thanks for his indefatigable exertions in the people s cause . Mr . D . acknowledged the compliment , and the meeting separated .

      Sheffield

      SHEFFIELD

      Lic-Taralito;—On Sunday* Evening^ Mr. Ri...

      _lic-TaraLiTO ;—On Sunday * evening _^ Mr . Richard Otley lectured in the above room , and gave general satisfaction .. The speech of Mike Walsh at the Boston Convention was read from the Star , and elicited the most unbounded applause . Public Discussion os _Fiiee Thaw :. —On Monday evening a publio discussion on Free Trade took place in tlie above room , between Mr . Thomas Clifte of Halifax , and Mr . John West . Long bufuru the hour of meeting the large room was ¦ filled it * , every part . At hiilr-past seven o ' clock , on the motion of Mr . West , seconded by Mi * . Clifte , Mi * . Chapman , an elector for both borough aud county , was called to the chair . The chairman opened the business by _obsei-ving that he had never been iu

      that room before , but as he had been called upon to preside , lie hoped the meeting would assist him in preserving order , and securing for each speaker a candid _hearing . The question was one of vital interest to the " working classes , and it was by meetings of that kind that truth could be best arrived at , and correct opinions formed upon any subject , lie would ro ; ut tha conditions of the debate , to which ho hoped each gentleman would rigidly confine himself , and so afford a useful example to thoso who called themselves the " Collective Wisdom of the Nation , " hut who were very often destitute of common sense . Ue then read the conditions of thc debate , which were , tlnit Mr . Cliffe should open with half an hour , and Mr . West reply the same lensrth of time , and then alternate

      quarters till the close . Both gentlemen maintained their respective positions with great cleverness and much good temper , mainly agreeing as to the facts , but differing in the conclusions to be drawn from those facts .. The audience listened witli the most intense interest , and at the conclusion expressed themselves highly gratified and instructed . Many of thc middle classes , and several of tho Trades Delegates , were present , thus evincing the deep interest the members of that powerful body are now taking iu all questions affecting tho interest of Labour . As-the debate was more for eliciting truth than for a victory over the representatives of rival partisans , no resolution was submitted , and after a vote of thanks t » thc chairman the meeting separated : many anxiously recommending that the debate sliould be resumed on some other

      . NORTH LANCASHIRE . Delegate Meeting . —The North Lancashire delegate meeting took place at Accrington , on Wednes day , December 25 tn . * Delegates were present fi _* om Clitheroe , Sabden , Burnley , Marsden , Haslingdcu , and Bacup ; Colnc was represented by letter . Mr . John Holt was called to the chair . Mr . Barker moved that Mr ; M'Grath _' _a travelling expenses be paid by the whole district . Carried unanimously . The following motions were agreed to : — " That the question of paying any future district lecturer , by an . equal levy upon the members in _sUl localities throughout the district , be brought forward at tlie next delegate meeting , and that each delegate bring the subject before his constituency . " " Tliat the next delegate meeting be held at BnuMaw's , Temperance Hotel , Burnley , on Sunday , January 19 th , 1815 . "

      " That the district secretary be empowered to make application for Mr . Doyle ' s services , for one month longer , and if not obtained , to solicit for Mr . Clark !" An address to the Chartists of North . Lancashire was then drawn up , and adopted unanimously , after whicli tho delegates separated . ; ' . Hagoate . —On Sunday , the 29 th inst ., _theAiembcrs of the Ilaggatc Association held theur _^ isual weekly meeting , when Mr . Todd , * a young man 'from Marsden , was called to tho chair , who opened ihe business of the meeting in a short but eloquent address , shewing very forcibly the necessity for a proper and a well-directed union among tho working classes , to accomplish their just rights . Themeeting was addressed by others to the same effect : after which it was unanimously , agreed unon , that discussion classes be formed forthwith . This body of Chartists is likely to do well .

      Burnley . —A number of Chartists held a meeting on Monday , the 30 th inst ., for thc purpose of forming a locality ofthe National Chartist Association No . 2 . Seven members wcre nominated to serve on thc General Council , and twenty-four cards were ordered to be procured from Mr .. Wheeler . Not knowing Mr . W . ' s address , it is requested that he will forward the cards through Mr . lleywood ' s parcels from London to Manchester , whicli Mr . H . will forward in Mr . Rickard ' s weekly parcel to Burnley -Mr . llichard will order Mr . Heywood to cause the payment for the same to Mr . Wheeler . All letters to bo directed to John Mortimer Lavery _, secretary , care of Mr . Richards , bookseller . ¦

      CORNWALL . ..- - ' _Soiiums at Penzance . —The Sokec aii | wunced"in „ - < _£ the Narthem Star on the 21 st , took plitc _^^ Monday | f _$ evening in . O'Brien's Loiig-rooni—125 _^ pt 1 iddwn ' to' * _;! ' _^ tea ; immediatel y after which the _NatiohaElOliartist * Autlieni was performed in good style by _aTsclcct choir . ' ' Mr . William Salmon , of Truro , was called on to " * preside .. Mr . James Skewes _, jim ., of Camborne _^ responded to " the People's Charier , " and gave sucha- ' lucid explanation of the six points thcre . of _. _' as afforded the highest satisfaction to the assembly . " Rally ' _&•• round him again , and again ! " was sung by the entire

      meeting . " Tivo people" were spoken to by Mr . If . J . Longmaid , of Truro . Mi * . William Davy , a miner , who , after a hard day's toil , walked eight miles to meet the friends of _iJcmocracy , replied to the sentiment , " Oppression , may it soon cease . " His speech wns most eloquent . " The downfall of Aristocracy , ** was responded to by-Mi :. W . J . Griscott , of Penzance " Tlie Democratic press , " was responded to by Mr . Skewes . The proceedings ended with three cheera for Feargus O'Connor , three for the Northern Star , and three for the People ' s Charter . We had some excellent songs and recitations in the course of the evening ; and the dancing was kept up with great spirit to a late hour . Ten shillings , the proceeds of the soiree , I despatch with tills letter for the Executive . — Correspondent ..

      LEEDS . Chartist Lectures . —Two lectures were delivered in the Chartist-hall , Briggate , Leeds , on Sunday last , by Mr . Wm . Dixon , of Manchester . Thc subject of the afternoon's discourse was—The . Rise and Progress of Chartism . In the evenihgthe meeting was a bumper , the spacious hall being crowded . Mr . Harris , a sterling democrat , was oalled to the chair . Mr . Dixon took for his subject—Trades' Unions as they are at present constituted , and how they ought to be constituted , in order to make them a Protection to tho Working Man . Mr . D . addressed the meeting for upwards of an hour upon this important subject , and concluded , with an earnest appeal to those present never to relax in their exertions for making the People ' s Charter thc law of the laud . After the lecture , a collection was made for Mr . Muns , one ofthe Spanish refugees , which amounted to 12 s ., for wliioh he returns tke Chartists of Leeds his heartfelt thanks .

      Manchester Carpenters' Strike.—The Conte...

      Manchester Carpenters' Strike . —The contest between tbe Carpenters and Joiners of this town , and Messrs . Pauling , Henf ' rey , and Co ., still continues _^ neither party showing a disposition to relinquish the contest ; notwithstanding the paragraphs which have appeared in some of the newspapers , stating that the strike was at an end ; that Messrs . Pauling , Henfrey , and Co ., had conceded to the men all they wanted , and agreed to the Manchester rules , and that the men had returned to their work . These reports are calculated to do much harm , inasmuch as parties at a distance , who have been in the habit of sending their aid , believing these statements to be true , have naturally ceased sending thc supplies . To prevent these evil consequences tlie following statement of facts may be necessary : —Thirteen unprincipled fellows , who turned out from Messrs . Pauling * and Co's ., have , in a dastardly manner , gone to work for them again : and in order to make themselves

      appear as white as possible , have stated that the firm had agreed to work by the Manchester rules . Tho fact is , one honest man went with them , and waa present at the interview , and afterwards reported it to the body , to the effect that they had stated that the men who had gone in might work by the Manchester rules , but that the men previously at work might continue to work by the firm ' s rules . We leave the reader to judge if such an agreement could be accepted by honourable men . An aggregate meeting of the Trades lias been held , at which it was resolved , " That the strike did not now rest in tho hands of the Joiners and Carpenters , but in the hands of the Building Trades of Manchester ; and they would not work for that firm until they agreed to tho Manchester rules , and discharged , ihe knob sticks . " Parties who have been misled by the press , will now sue that the strike stands as it did , and that there is no truth in the statement that it has been brought to a close .

      BnADFonD Shoemakers . —On Wednesday evening a special meeting of the Shoemakers' Society was held in the Boy and Band Inn , Westgate , to hear the report of Mr . Smyth , who had visited the Committee of Management in London . The decision of the Executive with respect to the strike was stated by Mr . Smyth ; when the meeting resolved "Thatthe _conductjoftho Executive was partial and unjust , and that that body was not worthy of the confidence of tlie trade . Secondly , that the Bradford Strike Committee deserved the thanks of tliis meeting for the able manner in which they had conducted the strike . "

      Rocn _» Ai , E _Minbiis . —A Public Dinner , was given to that sterling champion of Labour's rights , W . P . Roberts , Esq ., by the Coal Miners of the Rochdale district , on New Tear ' s Day . The party met at the Amen Corner Inn , the large room of which waa filled with a respectable _companv of Miners . The dinner was one of the old substantial John Bull description , and did much credit to the host and hostess . After the cloth was removed / the usual toasts were given , and responded to by W . P . Roberts , Esq ., Mr . W . Grocott , and several of the agents of the Miners' Association ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 4, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_04011845/page/1/