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Northern Star (1837-1852), 4th January 1845, Edition 3 of 4, Page 7, London Oobx Exchange, Monday, Dec. 30.—T...

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      January 4 1845. . The Northern Star.

      January 4 1845 . . THE NORTHERN STAR .

      Past And Present Aspect Of The Criminal ...

      PAST AND PRESENT ASPECT OF THE CRIMINAL CODE ; OR _"PROOBESS " IS _JCHISPBUDESCE . The growth of a reverence for human life is one of ? h _* surest indications of advancing civilisation . In proportion as we find this sense ofthe sax-redness of _junianitv characterize the Criminal Code of any country , " may we calculate its progress towards the ideal of associative existence . In the earlier stagesof society , and at this moment , in scm i-barf , aW ' countries , the sword or the hangman arc the " rough and ready" instruments wliich _prt { he Gordian knot of all difficulties . " Off with

      Ms head I" is a summary , and , in its way , a most Effectual reply to all rebellious doubtingsor " risings " _jgainst "ihe powers that be . " The policy saves a ¦ jrorld of arguments , which , if called for , might , like Glendower _' s _"^ irits fomithe _vasf-y deep / ' not come _irhen wanted . The gradations from this stage to Ihat in which higher and sounder principles of juris prudence are recognised and acted on are numerous . Uow far has Great Britain advanced—what is its present position with reference to this vital question ? tyke answer will enable us to judge of the moral _progress of the nation , as our former essays have of the political , economical , and educational .

      Up to a comparatively recent period the laws of England , with reference to crime , were ofthe most sanguinary eharaeter . They seem to have been based on thc declaration ofthe celebrated Draco , who jaid that " the lightest crime waa deserving of _jffiATH , and he could not find any worse punishment for the greatest" In fact * retribution , or vindictive punishment , not the reformation of the offender , seemed to be the -main object of tiie legislator ; and this begot a reckless disregard of life on all hands , the reaction of which was of the most injurious description .

      Great and important changes have , howerer , been made in our criminal law during the last thirty years _, like other improvements , they have not been achieved without numerous and continuous struggles tm the part of the advocates of humane and enlightened principles ; but since the year 1808 , in which ihelate Sir Samuel Romilly brought forward his first notion forthe reform of the criminal laws , there has been a gradual advance . In that year a law was

      repealed , by which the common pickpocket—the man _» honlch ( _dfivcshillings firomhis neighbour ' s pocketvras doomed to be hanged . Till the year 1812 a law existed , which made it a capital offence for soldiers and sailoTS to be found begging in the streets , and it cost Sir Samuel ten years of effort to abolish capital punishment for the crime of shoplifting , notwithstanding he showed that in 1785 there were ninetyseven executions for this offence in London alone .

      To _thepcrsevering and benevolent efforts of Romilly , Mackintosh , and others , the late Lords _Ellenboroug h and Eldon , backed by their party , offered the most bigotted and determined opposition , because "they introduced an innovating _sj & dt into the criminal legislation . " They instinctively felt that tiie slightest leaven of this " innovating spirit" would impregnate the whole mass , and speedily destroy the gigantic system of bloodshed and injustice they desired to maintain—because it maintained them . In the year 1811 , when four bills were introduced for the abolition of Capital punishment for stealing to the -value of five thillings in a shop—for stealing to the value of forty

      shillings in a dwelling-house , or on navigable rivers —and for stealing from bleaching grounds , Lord Ellenborough said— "these bills went to alter laws which a century had proved necessary , and which were now to be overturned by speculation aud modern philosophy . " And again— "he trusted that laws which a century had proved beneficial , would not be _i-hangedfortheiflnsoryopinionsof specuktists . " Lord Eldon said— " Hang them , hang them ; for it is so nominated in the bond . " Christian bishops supported the same views ; and the bills were consequently lost . It was not until fifteen years afterwards thatthe punishment of death was abolished in these cases , by

      bills introduced by the present Prime Minister . Indeed , thc conduct of Sir Robert Peel on this , as on many other questions , may be taken as a tolerabl y accurate barometer of the growth of pubiie opinion . In the year 1819 , Sir J . Mackintosh , after the death of his friend Romilly , moved the appointment of a committee '' to consider so much of the criminal law as related to capital punishments , and to report their observations and opinions to the house . * The previous exertions of himself and friends had so tar gained the ascendancy over the narrow and cruel opposition of the JEldons and EUenboroughs , that the motion was affirmed by

      a majority of 19 in a house of 275 members—too small for practical purposes , but large enough to show the wary Peel "which way the wind blew . " Accordingly , in 1823 , he began his career as reformer of our criminal code ; and it has been evidently charaeter atic ofthe man , that he has , at every step of his progress , to use one of Ms own expressions , " cautiously felt his way . " He commenced by abolishing the punishment of death in cases where the offences were either obsolete , or where the juries had so Unequivocally shown their determination to resist the severity of the laws by returning -verdicts of acquittal , that milder enactments were a

      matter of absolute necessity to prevent the commission of crime with impunity . He has pursued the same course ever since ; at all times waiting till the public voice was so well and mrmistakeably matured on each particular reform , that there was no danger of risking fhe support of his party by stepping forward to do its bidding . In three cases only does the punishment of deathnow remain on the statute-book . One by one the sanguinary edicts of past times nave been swept away . Experience proves they haTe been so beneficially ; and tliat , so far from the relaxation of our criminal code stimulating to the commission of offences , the contrary has beeu the case . There are

      ¦ _mfiniteiy fewer forgeries committed now , than when It was a capital offence ; and when it was customary before breakfast to hang some dozen or sixteen poor wretches in front of the Old Bailey , for forgeries on the Bank of England . These wholesale murders are now numbered with the nose-slitting , ear-cutting , hand-chopping , and pillorying ofthe days of " Good Queen Bess ; " and we should as soon think of returning to them as to the practice which also obtained in the times of that famous "Virgin Queen , " of exposing human heads , and quarters of human bodies , to fester and rot above city gates , and by our public walks , as "terrors to evil-doers . "

      The memcacy of such means to restrain from the commission of crime , and the fact that the multiplication of executions has generally been found coordinate with fhe multiplication of the crimes for -which this penalty was inflicted , is well shown by Sir Edward Coke , when writing ofthe times to which we have alluded , and during which it is quaintly said , "Rogues wcre trussed np apace , " so that there was not" oneyear commonly whereinthreeorfour hundred of them were not devoured and eaten up by the gallows in one place or another . " The total number of victims during Elizabeth ' s reign was not less than 19 , 000—yetitis observed , " That at tiie time of doing execution on such as kid been attainted of anymurder , felony , or other criminal cause , ordained chiefly for example and terror to evil-doers , people persevered ur _THEIU FELONIOUS SLEIGHTS ASD DEVICES . " This

      ancient testimony is corroborated by the modern evidence of i ! r . Gibbon Wakefield . "When I entered Newgate , " says he , writing on the basis of an experience of several years within its walls , and summing up an elaborate argument on this Tery point— " I had not a doubt of the efficacy of public executions as deterring from crime . By degrees I came firmly to believe just Hie very contrary . " The general experience of society confirms this statement . At the present moment the ofiice of Jack Ketch is almost a sinecure . Tet , when were hfe or property better protected or more secure ?

      It is not only in the matter of capital punishments that a more humane and enlightened spirit is observable . It extends to secondary punishments also . The savage lex talicmis , the law of retaliation , which constituted the principle of all early codes , has _theoreticall y , at least , been abandoned . ETenthemore modem juaification of punishments for the commiss of crime—that of , by its means , deterring others , _^ nu preventing , through the medium of example , thc * _p « al of criminalit y among the population—is gra-- _ - aningin its influence . Thc idea of punishment _^ J _blng way to that of reformation . The offender * _* st the lawsand well-being of society is regarded in * : Mi ef afellow-crcaturewhohasgonewrongunder

      Past And Present Aspect Of The Criminal ...

      strong temptations , but who may nevertheless be re claimed by being subjected to better moral influences . Hence , the institution of a reformatory hospital for adult criminals , at Pentonville ; and for juvenile offenders at Parkhurst , Isle of Wight , by the Government ; for in that light do we regard both of these establishments . We rejoice in their formation , as proofs of the introduction of truly Christian principles into our legisktion , and as heralding the advent of that . happy period when the principle of iove , the grand and distinguishing doctrine of Christ ' s Gospel , will supersede in human institutions the principle of fear , on which they have in all past ages been based .

      Concurrent with this manifestation of an improved moral feeling in our jurisprudence , may be noted the appearance of symptoms of a more kindly feeling among the different sections of the community . No doubt they are yet too much estranged from each other , and , so long as they occupy their present relative positions , must continue to be so . But if we look from the strife of contending parties to tiie great mass who take no part in such struggles , we think we perceive CTidences of an extending sympathy and good will . Every party is less virulent than it used to be . It is—as it ought to be , if honest—as bold

      as ever in defending its own position and views ; but it is less disposed to attack , criminate , and abuse its opponents . On many points the two extreme politi cal parties of the nation hunt in couples—and that , too , without tiie slightest surrender of independence or the least admittance of compromise on either side . When W . Fehraxd and T . S . Ddxcomee walk out into the lobby together , on a " Short-time" or "Poor-Law" question , they show not that either they or the parties they represent have abandoned any peculiarity or doctrine of their respective political creeds ; but that they are agreed on measures as essential to the welfare of the industrious classes .

      This brief sketch of the pmninent moral phenomena of the present epoch must suffice . Touso England .

      Com&Iontantt

      _Com _& _iontantt

      Duncombe And Trades' Unions. The Fouowin...

      DUNCOMBE AND TRADES' UNIONS . The foUowing correspondence between Mr . Drury , secretary of the Trades of Sheffield , and T . S . Duncombe Esq ., will , we feel assured , be read with heartfelt delight by every man who lives upon labour : Sheffield , Dec . 19 , 1844 . Respected Sib , —Every-day occurrences convince me that the cause of Labour has arrived at a crisis , when it requires a most vigorous course of action tobe pursued by aU those who feel interested in LaboK *' s emancipation ; this has been the impression on my mind ever since I received your land note in answer to that of mine , which accompanied the reply to lord _Fitzwilliam ; from the tenor of that note , it appears that you apprehend another insidious attack upon Trades Unions , and I am confident that the working classes generally feel themselves under great obb _' gations to you , sir , for having riven them

      timely warning . As the trades of Sheffield ( in common with the working classes of the country ) regard you as the veritable representative of the working millions , I feel emboldened on their behalf , to request your opinion and advice on the foUowing subjects : —First , I have long been of opinion ( aud every day ' s experience serves but to strengthen it ) , that itis essentiaUy necessary that there should be a thorough organization and consolidation of the various trades of this country , and that to effect so desirable an object , they should meet by delegation at a conference to be holden in London , when the wise and the Tirtaous from the various classes of wealth-producers , might be enabled to devise , aud perfect , a plan for the more effectual protection ofthe working classes from oppression and persecution , whether emanating from the Legislature , orfromeapitaUsts , with whom they are more immediately and individually connected .

      Secondly . It is with feelings of the greatest pleasure tbat I have seen it suggested that a demonstration should take place in London , to escort you to the House of Commons on the eame day on which her Majesty opens the Parliament , This , I conceive , is well calculated to arouse the working classes to increased exertions in defence of their rights , and will at once call forth the masses to rally round yon , their champion , and inspire them with a confidence to battle hy your side , in such a manner as

      no other movement can at present effect . It will congregate delegates from all parts of the country , bearing testimony of the respect entertained , and the confidence reposed in you , and , at the same time would teach this moral lesson to those who are enemies to Labour ' s rightsthat tte producers of aU wealth are fully aline to any attempt that may be made to prostrate Labour still further at the shrineof capital . That demonstration , sir , you must allow to go forward , asitis _emiiiaiilu calculated to produce morally a great amount of good .

      Thirdly . I have seen by the public prints that you intend originating a motion for the Eepeal of the " ratepaying clauses in the Reform Act . " As I believe that the efforts of hon . members to effect any measure of reform may be greatly assisted by the support which they receive out of doors , I wish to know if numerous petitions in favour of that object wiU wot be advisable ? In short , as it is necessary to strengthen your hands on various questions that may arise , in which the rights of Labour are concerned , I would wish to know how it can be most effectually accomplished . I haTe the honour to remain , on behalf of the Trades of Sheffield , with the greatest respect , Your obliged and grateful servant , Jons Dkubt . To T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P .

      The Albany, Dec. 23,1844. Deab Sib,—I Am...

      The Albany , Dec . 23 , 1844 . Deab Sib , —I am much pleased if any information that I can afford to the working classes should lead them seriously to reflect upon their true position ; for you may rest assured , tbat thought in the right direction , and acted upon wisely , is all that the Trades and industrious classes require , to obtain for them not only politica l emancipation , but some of those practical remedies which the men of Sheffield have so sagaciously adopted ;—I allude principaBy to their plan of restriction , to wliich my attention was more immediately directed during the dis ~ enssions of last session upon the "Factory" and "Masters and Servants " JBUls . If my former note , in which I an nounced to you the probability of a similar _attact upon Labour being made next session , shall have forewarned the

      Trades and working classes , by stimulating them to such means as through union may make their opposition irresistible , I shall consider myself amply repaid . I think -tre may draw some conclusions as to the tactics likely to be pursued in Parliament by the representatives of wealth from certain speeches , letters , and publications that have recently appeared , and which leave little doubt in my mind no time should be lost by the working classes to prepare for a bold and vigorous stand . I fear you over-rate my powers of resistance—I am only strong when I represent the organised strength of your order ; and from my limited knowledge of the machinery by which Trades Unions are managed , I cannot venture to give you an opinion that should carry

      weight with it , upon the subject of an improved organization and consolidation of our various national trades _, but if such an object is required , I know of no course ( excluded as the working classes are from the Parliamentary franchise ) better calculated to give effect to tliat object than that which you suggest , viz ., that the wise and virtuous from . OU parts of the empire sltould meet by _delegation at a conference in London , where , co-operating with the metropolitan trades , they shaU endeavour to devise such means as shall not only obtain protection to the sons of toil from that oppression and persecution of which they have so long and so justly complained , but shall also tend to disabuse the public mind of those prejudices , which I regret to see are now so industriously encouraged against every combination bnt that of capital and of power .

      As to the time when this conference should be held I should recommend about Easter , as by that time all ministerial measures , whether affecting trade , commerce , or labour , either wm or ought to be before the eountry , and it conld not then be said thatit was either premature to discuss them , or too late to resist them . As to the contemplated demonstration on the opening of Parliament , I know nothing of it beyond rumour , and what I read in the public prints ; but if it is solely intended as a compUment to myself , and a mere parading through the streets , upon fhe same day as the Queen , without any definite object or possible benefit to the working classes , I beg to say that , as far as I am concerned , IwiU be no party to it , and no man shall leave lis employ , or lose his day's wage , on my account .

      I am rejoiced to find that you attach some importance to my intended motion for tha repeai of the rate-paying clauses , and I certainly think that petitions , numerously signed , and presented by the members representing the localities from which they emanate , will have a most beneficial effect , for I have yet to learn why borough electorsmen whom I have always found , if not superior , at aU events equal in intelligence and education to county electors—should be compeUed to pay their taxes by a certain day as a condition of their registration , while the smaU freeholder , and the servile _tenant-at-wiU of an aristocratic landed proprietor , is exempted from any such condition . I beg to conclude by assuring you that my untiring and unflinching advocacy of the rights of the industrious

      classes shaU be continued , until , with their assistance , Labour , which is their property , shall be placed upon a perfect equality with the property of all other classes in the state- I have the honour to be , dear sir , Yours , very faithfully , Thomas 9 , Duncombe . To Mr . John Drury , Secretary to the Committee of the Central United Trades of Sheffield .

      Great Excitement In Edinburgh—Dr. Handts...

      GREAT EXCITEMENT IN EDINBURGH—DR . _HANDTSIDE'S SYSTEM OP PAINFUL EXTINCTION . —THE MURDERERS OF THE POOR SHOWN UP .-TO THE EDITOR OP THE NOBTHEBN STAB . Sib , —We , the undersigned , are requested by the committee of tlie working classes to send you a report of matters connected nith the report of the commissioners for inquiring into the state of the poor of Scotland , a subject that is engrossing much public attention in Edinburgh . It is the more necessary for us to apply to you to make the British public , especially the people of Scotland , acquainted witli what is going on , as one local press , with a partial exception , maintains a culpable silence on the matter , notwithstanding its vast importance .

      The origin of the inquiry now excitiug so much interest here , and which through your aid we hope wiU soon extend over Scotland , was the appearance of a paragraph in the Medical Times , published about six weeks ago , stating that Dr . Haudyside , of Edinburgh , had sworn before the commissioners tbat a man could be kept in food at the rate of sixpence a-week , and that a mau , his wife , and four children , could live on two shillings and sixpence , aud that they might live comfortably on three shillings or three shillings and sixpence . This statement appeared so absurd that it was disbelieved , but on inquiry it turned out to he substantially correct ; and further , that the commissioners , eager to eatchthe lowest possible expense of supporting the poor , have , in their recommendation to Parliament , laid considerable stress on the Doctor ' s evidence . >¦

      It behoves us , then , to rise in opposition to such a monstrous and iniquitous proposal ; for , in the event of its being aUowed to pass unnoticed , it wUl , like a devastating pestilence , spread its baneful influence through the lenSth and breadth of the land ; for surely it follows , if the poor of Scotland can live on sixpence a-week , it is legitimate to infer the same for the English poor . A number of working men called a public meeting of the inhabitants of Edinburgh , to adopt such measures as . the interests of the people demanded in reference to this matter . The meeting was held in Richmond-court Chapel , and although the evening was very wet , and the Chapel somewhat out of the way , yet it was a crowded house . The evidence of Dr . _Handyside was read , and after addresses by Messrs . Brown , Baker , Peddie , Cummings , and others , who were listened to with profound attention , resolutions condemnatory thereof were moved and unanimously carried .

      A memorial to the House of Commons , cautioning them against paying attention to such evidence in forming a legal provision for the poor , was also unanimously carried , A numerous and respectable committee was also elected to watch the question , and they were , by the meeting , instructed to procure a full copy of the Commissioners ' Report , and to call another meeting to consider what further steps might be necessary . In pursuance of theninstructions , as soon as the report was obtained , they called a public meeting , which was held in the South Bridge HaU , on Tuesday , December 24 th . Immediately on the doors being opened the hall was crowded to suffocation , and such was thc interest excited , that , had the haU been four times as large , it would have been filled .

      Mr . Walker was called to the chair , and opened the proceedings with a few pithy remarks . Mr . Peddie read the whole of the evidence of Dr . Handyside , and commented upon it with well-merited severity . ' Thisman ' s sworn testimony produced a feeling of abhorrence in the meeting seldom witnessed in this city ; ¦ which may easUy be conceived wheu we tell you that the Doctor swears that nearly aU the diseases , especially typhus fever , and many of the deaths , might be attributed to the destitution ofthe people . Nay , that he himself had witnessed many deaths from starvation . Yet , with these awful facts before him , he recommends sixpence _ar-week for food ! After Dr . Handyside ' s , Mr . Peddie read the evidence of Mr . Wright , a shopkeeper , formerly a journeyman mason , the tenor of whose evidence proves that the relief given to our destitute poor is an insult to suffering humanity , and that

      numbers of them , to live , must become street-beggars , thieves , and prostitutes ; and further , that our managers ofthe poor descend to the most flagitious trickery , meanness , and deceit , to get rid of their claims ; for instance , he gave the case ofa widow with three children , who applied for relief ; two of the children were above ten years of age , aud so not admissible tothe poor-house . They supposed this woman would not come into the house , and leave her children , and although they had no accommodation for any more , they made her an offer of the house . This she refused for her children ' s s ake , who , if separated from her , would have no friend or place of refuge , aud be left to starve , or take to the most vicious habits . On the woman ' s refusal to part with her children , our most Christian managers refused her all relief , thus leaving them to _Uve or die , as chance might determine _.

      The Commissioners , m the queries put to the vritnesB , evidently wish to get up a strong case against Trades ' Unions ; and he swears that much of the stagnation of trade in Edinburgh , and destitution consequent on it , maybe traced to the existence of Trades' Unions . This part of his evidence met with tbe most marked disapprobation . After Mr . Peddie finished his comments , Mr . Green read the evidence of Mr . Aitken , coffee house keeper , formerly a journeyman tailor . This man's evidence was similar to Mr . Wright ' s . He swears tbat Trades' Unions universaUy produce the worst consequences to the workingmen themselves , and that they were beginning to be convinced of this , and were dissolving their unions , and , amongst others , the Curriers' Union was broken up . The reading of this statement called np Mr . Brogden , who stated that , bo far from this being fact , he was prepared to prove it a direct falsehood . He hadbeen a member of tlie Curriers' Union for eighteen years , and so far from its being dissolved , it is now iu a very prosperous condition .

      The meeting considered the report so important , that they requested their committee to publish extracts from it iu a cheap form , to place in the hands of the people withomt delay . This will be done on the 1 st of January . The meeting then adjourned till that day fortnight . . On Monday , 23 rd of December , a public meeting was also held in the Cordwainers' Hall , Leith , on the same subject . Mr . M'Rea in the chair . The meeting , which was a most enthusiastic one , after listening to Mr , Peddie from eight till half-past ten o ' clock , adjourned till that day week , when they will again meet to petition Parliament on the subject .

      As the importance of this report justifies its length , we trust you _vdU give it insertion , so that the attention of the Scotch may be directed to the watching of any legislative measure tbat may be based on the evidence contained in this report . Robt . Peddie , Jakes Nisbet . Edinburgh , Dec . 29 , 1844 .

      . To Patrick O'Higgins, Esq., Dublin. De...

      . TO PATRICK O'HIGGINS , ESQ ., DUBLIN . Deab Sib , —I return you my sincere thanks for the candid truths contained in your letter to Mr . Webb , of Stockport . It is indeed disgusting to hear a mau declaiming against Government , and complaining of want and oppression , " with a pipe stuck in his jaw . " I have been smoking tobacco since I was fourteen years of age ; and I assure you , sir , there was not a week since that period in which I have not paid from sixpence to ninepence for that infernal stinking weed ; but after reading your admirable and truly patriotic letter ( in the presence of several other supporters of excise and oppression ) , I

      broke my dirty old sooty pipe in pieces ; for I grew ashamed of myself , and looked upon myself as a traitor to the sacred cause of Chartism , and a hypocrite , inasmuch as I contributed nothing to that cause—the cause of the oppressed millions in every region of the globe—while at * the same time I was contributing unthinkingly to sweU the coffers of those who enslave , plunder , and cheat us of our rights . Thank God , you have made a reformation in me , at any rate ; but , what is still better , hundreds have promised to follow my example by never using tobacco again in any shape or form .

      A vote of censure should be passed upon you for having remained silent for the long space of six months , when you can do to much good by writing . There is not an honest man in the British empire who does not feel delighted when he sees your name in the Star . It is a pity that you have been put to so much expense by the promotion of a cause in which you have no interest , except that of humanit y and philanthropy . You have the elective franchise already , and you go to great expense to put others ob a political footing with yourself who will not come forward to promote their own immediate interests . Wishing you a happy new year , aud that you may soon see the object nearest your heart accomplished—the complete triumph of Democracy in all its just rights , I am , yours respectfully , Ballyhaunes , Dec . 25 , 1844 . John Loweet .

      Bradfoiu) Election! — Notice — Five Pour...

      Bradfoiu ) Election ! — Notice — Five Pourds _R-ewabd . —Rumours are afloat that Mr . John Hardy , Tory M . P . for this borough , is seriously indisposed , and that he intends applying for the Chiltern Hundreds . The various electioneering staffs are in motion . Several candidates are spoken of—Wilberforce , Rand , and Col . Thompson . The first a Tory , the second a Tory and Freetrader , and "Old Betty" a p _hilosophiealWhig-Radical Chartist Free-trader . This is a queer squad to choose from ; Five pounds reward for any sterling John Bull Duncombeite , to be " readyto start" on the 4 th of February ! A preliminary meeting , to choose a non-electors' committee , will be held at Butterworth ' s Buildings , on Sunday evening next , at six o ' clock .

      Holloway ' s Ointment _ajto Pills . —James Little , a blacksmith , residing at Cuckold ' s Point , in May last , was going to Guy ' s Hospital , to undergo the amputation of his leg , which had been bad for seven years ; there were upwards of twenty ulcers on it , and mortification had commenced just under the knee . In this alarming state he was recommended to use Holloway ' s Pills and Ointmoht , which in a very short time cured the limb , to the great astonishment of all . If the two medicines are used together , the most dangerous wounds and ulcers may , to a certainty , be cured by then * means .

      Mabw' Ffiobrmntft

      _mabw' _ffiobrmntft

      To The Trades Of England. Organize ! Org...

      TO THE TRADES OF ENGLAND . Organize ! Organize ! ! Organize ! ! ! To the contemplative mind , the events of the present time are fraught with Instruction . They speak in language that cannot bo understood , and proclaim " trumpet tongued , " that the battle betwixt labour and capital has commenced in earnest . The Messrs . Chambers ] tract is the precursor of that onslaught which capital is about to make on prostrate labour . It is looked upon in this light by the conductors of the " Northern Star , " who nobly sound the alarm from John O'Groat ' _s to the Land ' s End ; and it will be well if the warning be properly attended to by the Trades ofthe country . The enemy is already hi thc field ; and it behoves the Trades of England to perfect their organization without delav . There is no

      time to be lost ; for even whilst the Trades " are perusing this , the battle is raging in deadly strife in various parts of the country . The present crisis is one of vital import to the Trades , as the following ; facts will show . The struggle is not one sought by the working men . They have not struck work for advances on their present wages , nor to prevent present reduction . No ! onslaught is the masters '; and the men are obliged to act on the defensive , or become worse , much worse , 'than Russian serfs . The capitalists having failed " to cany _Labours D > : onAnATiox Bill last Session of Parliament , are determined , if possible , to crush everything like Trades' Unions ; and whatjthey could not accomplish by legislation , thoy are determined to achieve by the power of that wealth which they have extracted from the sweat

      and toil of those who tliey now wish to trample under their feet . In order to do this effectually , they are determined to employ no men that belong to the Trades' Unions , nor even sick clubs , if they are connected with the Trades ; and in order to gain their point , they have , in many instances , turned the men of several Trades out of employ because they would not sign a declaration to that effect . The Manchester Dyers were turned out by the masters the week before last , and upwards of seven hundred men are now walking the streets . They have posted the town with large placards , stating that in 1843 the masters reduced their wages two sliiliings per week , from twenty-one to nineteen sliiliings , at which tune the masters stated that when trade revived they would advance the two shillings back .

      A lew weeks ago thoy reminded the masters oi thoir promise , when eleven of thein gave them the two shillings , but the others would not . The consequence was , that the two shillings were taken off when tbey bad received the advance for one month . Week before last the document was presented to them to sign . This , of course , the men refused to do ; and they are now out , determined to starve rather than suffer tyranny to ride rough-shod over them . The Moulders of Liverpool have also been turned out because they would not give up their Union , and break up a Sick and Burial Club which they had in connection with their trade . The iron masters of Manchester have , in some of the largest shops , given their men notice that they must cither quit the Union or leave their employment . We have much

      pleasure in saying , that out of tbe six Mechanical Trades in this town , in the aggregate a very numerous body , the masters have not got one to sign the declaration . At one firm the master sent for the men , and informed them , that after their notice was up , they must either leave the Union or leave their work . They answered that they required no notice , under tho circumstances they eould leave then if he thought proper . He then' sent for his nephew , who is the foreman , and asked , "If the men left , would lio remain and instruct those thathe might get ? " To this the man replied : ' , ' I would see you d—d first . " At another very largo establishment , tho master called the men together , and after a good deal of humming and hawing said , that if they did not sign the declaration they would

      have to stop work at the week's end : and he thought to stop the works for a week , whether they signed or not , in order to repair the boilers and the engine . One of the men asked—Were they to understand that if they did hot leave the Union that they were to leave work on Saturday night ? The master said " yes ; that _waswhat he wished them to understand . " "Then , " said the man , " you will have to mend the boilers and erigino yourself , for we will not do it for you : and then you will see how you like working . " A number ofthe Coal-Kings in the neighbourhood of Wigan have also given their men notice , that at the end of fourteen days they must either leave the Miners' Association or leave their employment . Thus the Trades will see the necessity of at once casting away their culpable apathy , and at once

      get the organization complete . They may rest assured that this is but the beginning of the end . The next summer will either place the Trades of England in a proud and _honourable position , or destroy that independence they have so long made their boast . Let them rally round each other , and form such an union of Trades , on a national scale , as will frustrate every attempt of unprincipled capitalists to trample on tlie rights of the industrious producers . —Manchester Correspondent . P . S . We have just received the information from a source that may be relied on , that the firmnessof themeninrefusingtosignthe masters ' declaration , and the knowledge that the whole of the

      six Trades were united together , has mado the masters withdraw their notices , and tell their men to take no notice of them , but go on as usual . If prooi was wanting of the necessity of general union amongst the Trades , this ch _* _cumstance is sufficient to convince the most sceptical . Had the six Iron Trades not been united in one body , the masters would have taken them , a trade at a time ; and if they had not beaten them , they would have caused the spending of a vast amount of money , and entailed a serious amountof suffering and deprivation . This fact is worth something ; therefore , let the Trades look toit .

      MINERS , BEWARE ! MOBS COAL-KIKG TYRANNY . Messrs . Daglish , Blundell , and a few other of the coal proprietors of Wigan and Pemberton , have made proposals to the men in their employ to sign a document , binding them not to leave the pits until they have earned four shillings aa a remuneration for the labour ofthe day . Now this might be well enough , if these gentlemen paid such prices for thc work performed as would enable the men to earn anything like the above amount : but " no , " say they , "we will not give you any advance on your present prices ; ' but we insist on your not leaving the pita till you can legally demand from us four' shillings for your day ' s labour . You will now perceive Desi _inenasine ieuows

      wno are your ; wno perambulate the country , denouncing what they please to call " Coal-King Tyranny , " or we , whose interests are bound up in yours , and who , as a proof , offer you the chaiice of making yourselves and your families comfortable , by insisting that you shall not get less than four shillings per day . This is a precious " dodge , " when it is known that the men , at present prices , must at the . least work ten hours for two shillings and sixpence ! But the coal-kings see that the strength ofthe Miners consists in their determination to restrict their hours of labour , and thereby keep the supply and the demand somewhat equal . This plan lias succeeded wherever it lias been acted on ; and the masters know full well that unless tbey can put a stop to it , the day of the Miners' redemption is at hand .

      Therefore they nave given notice tbat tbey must earn four _slrillhigs a-day clean ; and that one-third of the men must be discharged to give the other iwo-tiimds an opportunity of working from twelve to fourteen hours a-day , and the engine be able to wind their coals to ; the bank . Wc trust that the Lancashire Miners will . be cautious how they proceed , and let no step be taken that would in any way weaken their present position . Let all eyes be on the coal tyrants of the Pemberton district ; for if they be allowed to carry outthis __ attempt , it will be a vital blow to the Miners' Association . Let them break up the system of restriction , and away goes the strength of the Union . We . aro aware thatthe men in Lancashire have asked of then * employers to give some little advance , which in a great number of instances has been complied with : we are also aware that tbe masters have advanced the coals one shilling and eightpence per ton to the consumers , whilst the men only ask for an advance of twopence-halfpenny a ton . ' In

      fact , the coal-owners have advanced the price of coal in the Manchester market three shillings and fourpence per ton ; and if the poor Miners had all they ask for , it would but amount to fivepence per ton ! leaving the coal-Icing two shillings and elevenpence more profit than they received last year . The advance on forty tubs of the best coal ih the Oldham district , within tbe last twelvemonths , is no less a sum than ten _shillhifis . The Working Miners have had no advance out of that , they being paid the same as they were twelve months ago . And a Miner gets for his labour in producing forty tubs the splendid sum of four shillings and fivepence ! out of which he has to find candles , powder , and tools . The public will uow see that the coal-king is putting into his pocketfiveskMngsandsevenpence _oneveiy forty tubs that he sells . It may now be seen who are " exorbitant in their demands ; " the coal-kings , who have so many apologists in the Press , or the Miner that has but one paper , the Northern Star , to defend liim from his calumniators . This one fact will be

      sufficient to open the eyes of the public , and let them see who it is that is "taxing them . " We caution the Lancashire Minora to beware what they are about at the present moment . On no account strike until the Pemberton men have got out of the struggle . There can be no doubt that wages are important to the working man ; but it is more important to defend that _ivhich alone will eneible them to get wages , the restriction . Let the Lancashire Miners look to this , and avoid strikes , and the victory is certain . Soon will they have , what every working man ought to have , " a fair day's wage for a fair day's work , " Again we say to the Lancashire Miners , rally round the Miners of Pemberton . Let old Sam Sharnot and Jackey Douglass know , that although they have been considered the greatest tyrants in Wigan for the last twenty years , with all their chicanery , the Miners of Lancashire are more than a match for them . —Manchester Correspondent .

      To The Trades Of England. Organize ! Org...

      Tub Leicester Framework-knitters' Address . — TO THB _LVIIADITASIS OF TUE TOWN ASD XtouNTT * OF Leicester . —Thc Framework-knitters of the town and county beg to inform you that they have fora long tune been in a most depressed condition , arising from the heavy deductions made by the manufacturers and middlemen from their wages ,: in the shape 01 frame-rent , standing , taking-bn , profits for giving out , and per centage for being employed , to thc amount ot nearly 170 per cent , on our gross earnings . In addition to the above , the Framework-knitters have to purchase needles , candles , coal , winding , < fcc , & c . ; so that when men are ill , or only partly employed _,, they have nearly ail their real wages deducted , as they have to pay the same on all occasions , with the execution of a few better disposed masters . Men and

      women have been driven to the parish . for relief , to eke out amisorable existence , in consequence of these severe stoppages on their labour . About the year 1835 , our wages wcre much higher and charges much lower . Masters then could live comfortably , and men the same . Now , masters can accumulate riehes , while the men , the first week ofa depression in trade , are driven to tlie rate-payers for support . To alter this dreadful state of things , the poor men have resolved , with your assistance , to bring their case before her Majesty ' s Justices of the Court of Queen ' s Bench , to try-whether it is lawful to make these deductions . Several respectable attorneys hold an opinion that it is illegal . Counsel ' s opinion has been taken , who state that it is contrary to law ; and should their opinion be established in the Court

      of Queen's Bench , the present system must be altered . Gentlemen , we ask you , as men , and as christians , whether it is right andjust for the Stocking-makcr to have all these deductions made , any more than the journeyman printer , who uses his master's type , cases , galleys , press , & c . ? Or the man who works in the lace machine ? Or other machinery ? Or the man who works his master ' s ploughs , harrows , thrashing and _winnowin-rmaclilnea _, or any implement ? In bringing this case Defore you , we do not suppose that men ought to purchase machines and receive no interest for the capital embarked : but we do think it reasonable and just that a sufficient profit should be laid on the articles manufactured to pay for the wear and tear of machinery , <& e . The alteration would be highly beneficial to thc men and rate-payers in general , if

      the manufacturers would act any way honest to the men . It would do away with a vast deal of that unprincipled competition carried on by bagmen and others , to the injury of tho honest manufacturer , and the workmen . For instance , a manufacturer having fifty or one hundred frames under his own roof , receiving from 3 s . to 4 s . 6 d . per week from each frame , in addition to the regular middlemen ' s profits , can , and does go into the market with his goods considerably below tho manufacturer who only receives one bare ls . 6 d . per week ; and such is the case , Manufacturers have found , when they have gone into the market , these very bag . hosiers -underselling them , and they will and can do it until the system is entirely swept away . Signed , on behalf of the Committee , Joseph Johnson , Chairman . Thomas Winters , Secretary . — Committee - Room , Upper George-street , Leicester , October 30 th , 1844 .

      Mi . veiis' Mbetixg in _Yorkshire . —Mr . Septimu 9 Davis has visited the lbllowingplaces : —Monday night , Dec . 16 , Gildcrsamc-street . After tlie lecture the rules of tlie Miners' Mutual Benefit Society were read to the meeting . The union is going on well at this place . —Tuesday night , 17 th , Adwalton ; the cause of union is going on well at this , place also . —Wednesday , 18 th , Cargate , near Wakefield . _, It is disgraceful to the men of this place , that since they have got an advance , they have given up paying to the union . But we are informed tliat the coal-king is going to put the riddles into the pit again—perhaps this will bring them to their senses . —Thursday night , 10 th , Crigelstone . —Monday night , Dee . 23 rd , Birchencliffe , near Huddersfield . There are some stanch union men at this place . —Tuesday night , 24 th , Osset-street Side . The men of this place are paying

      a shilling a week to raise a fund . It would be well if all the men in Yorkshire who have got an advance of wages would follow their example . —Wednesday , 25 th , Christmas Day . The Colliers of Gildcrsomc had a grand dinner at thc houso of Mr . John Smith , Giklcrsonie-strect Side , when between . seventy and eighty of the hardy sons of toil sat down to a good dinner of beef and pudding . Dinner over , a meeting was held , when Mr . Davis delivered a lengthy discourse on the benefits of union . A lengthy discussion followed regarding the Miners' Mutual Benefit Society , when itwas resolved that , the Miners of Gildersome commence a fund exclusively for accidents in thc mines . A little before eight o ' clock , p . m ., the meeting separated highly pleased with the proceedings of the day . —Thursday night , 26 th , Mr . Davis lectured to themenat Adwalton . —Saturday night , 28 th , Mr . Davis again lectured at Osset-street .

      _NoRiiiAMrrox . —Boot and Shoe Makers' Mutual Assistance Association . —At the last meeting of this body thc following resolution was proposed , seconded , and carried unanimously : " That the journeymen Boot and Shoe Makers of Bradford are entitled to our bost support , for the part they have taken in their present struggle against a reduction of wages . And wc pledge ourselves to continue that support until they have achieved their just objects . " The _Oumam Miners . —At a meeting of the Coal Miners of Oldham , hcld on Tuesday , the 24 th inst ., at the Old Messhouse , Oldham , the following resolution was agreed to : — " That the statements already given in arc right andjust ; and we pledge ourselves to stand by them ; and we trust that the Colliers of the county will not be duped by the falsehoods of the masters . " Tbe men here are standing out for their just rights . They return their sincere thanks for the kind support tho following places have rendered them—viz .: Gathered , per Richard Siddall , 10 s . 7 _id . ;

      Downing , 10 s . 2 | d . ; Mr . Garnet ' s men , ls . ; Bailey and Co ., Lees , 4 s . lid . ; Copperas House Pit , £ 3 3 s . ; Ireland Pit , £ 1 3 s . 6 d . ; Home Pit , £ 2 0 s . 3 d . ; High Crampton , Os . lOJd . Greaves Factory , 7 _s . 6 _Jd . !* Geovge Hirst , Fitton Hill , os . ; John Robinson , Bull ' s-head , 2 s . 6 d . ; George Knight , Three Crowns , 2 s . ; Modern Druids , No . 201 , Bull ' s-head , 3 s . 3 d . ; Spence ' s spinners , 5 s . ; Two Friends , Bull ' shead , 2 s . id . ; A Few Friends of "Bottom-of-Moor and its Neighbourhood , £ 1 ls . 5 d . ; Park Bridge Forge , 14 s . OJd . ; Broad Oak New Mine , 16 men , ' 16 s . ; Rochdale District , £ 313 s . Id . ; Hole Bottom Colliery , 19 s . ; A Few Friends , ls . lid . ; Broad Oak , New Pit , and Black Mine , 8 s . 3 d . ; Whittaker's Shade , 2 s . 2 d . ; Ditto Tobber _, Cd . ; Edward Brierly , ls . ; Foundry Mill , 7 s . 8 d . ; Royton Foundry , 5 s . Cd . ; Hart's Head , 2 s . 6 d . ; Strange , Royton , Is . lOd . ; also the I . O . of A . D ., Gladwick , 7 s . ; Union Mill , 4 s . _| 4 d . ; A Few Friends , 5 d _.- — Samuel Kitson _, Treasurer ; Joshua Hirst , Secretary .

      A Miners District Meeting was held at the Horse Shoe Inn , near Bardsley _, Ashton district , when the following resolutions were agreed to * . —1 st . "That the demands ofthe Miners of Oldham are justifiable inasmuch as the masters have not advanced , their wages . " 2 nd . " That we , the Miners of Ashton and Rochdale , pledge ourselves to support the Miners of Oldham , as far as lies in our power , through their present struggle . " . Bradford . —The Mechanics are on the alert concerning the " clearance" proposition of the Lancashire masters , and are resolved not only to resist it , but assist their Lancashire brethren to the utmost .

      The Shoemakers Strike continues without change , both parties being resolved to win . The sons of Crispin hold out as stout as lions . They have an excellent committee , composed of steady , clear-headed men , and it is thought that the struggle must , ere long , terminate in their favour . Tue _WoohcoMBEns' Societi has heen inactive for the last few months , but as some of the manufacturers are encroaching a " leetle" too much , they are beginning to exert themselves . Barnsley Weavers . —Two men engaged by the Union have this week measured the warping mills belonging to Mr . Frudd , one of which was six yards too

      long , and the other five and a half . However , he readily agreed to have them made right . Mr . George Smith was next visited , but would not allow hismifls to be measured . In justice to the other masters it is to be hoped that he will set his mills right , if not , steps will bo taken to compel him . Mr . Benjamin Horsefieldwas next waited upon , who distinguished himself by that conduct which always characterises a petty tyrant ; but he may depend that he will not be suffered to filch away the rights of a whole town with impunity . A branch lodge of tho Union has been opened at Dodworth _, which is likely to do well . Weekly meetings will be held at tho Chandlers' Aims .

      Ar00708

      Bankrupts. . (From Tuesday's Gazette. J ...

      BANKRUPTS . . ( From Tuesday ' s Gazette . J George Bartlett , 'Wellington-street , Goswell-strect , manufacturer of plaster ornaments—WiUiam EUis Gould , Finsbury-plaee South , City , _carwiPw-Frederiek Dudley , Rochford , Esses , builder—John _Kngloi ' , Market-street , May-fair , carpenter—Ralph Eldridge , Bletchingly , Surrey , innkeeper—Thomas WiUiam Burford , Brydges-street , CovenUgardeu _, victuaUer—EmUy Sarah Ann findlay , Grafton-street , yitzroy-sqaare , milliner . ,

      DECLARATIONS OF DIVIDENDS . J . Hilton , Tipton , leather-seller , second dividend of lid in the pound , any Thursday , at-the office of Mr . Christie , Birmingham . L . Flersheim , Birmingham , merchant , first dividend of 7 d in the pound , any Thursday , atthe office ' of Mr . Christie , Birmingham . J , Wicks , Trowbridge , clothier , first dividend of 2 d in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of-Mr . Acraman , Bristol . R . G . Roberts , Liverpool , timber-merchant , fourth and final dividend of 3-lCths of a Id hi the pound , on new proofs ls 4 _$ d and 14-16 ths of Id in the pound , any Monday , at the ofiice of Mr . Turner , Liverpool . J . and D . Sugden , Huddersfield , fancy cloth manufacturers , first dividend of 10 s in the pound , any Tuesday , at the office of Mr . Fearne , Leeds .

      J . Harford and W . W . Davies , Bristol , _lron-masters , second dividend of lOd in the pound ( No . 1 to 200 ) , Thursday next , and ( 200 to _iOl / _iViday next , and any subsequent Wednesday , at the office of Mr . Ilutton , Bristol . __ S . Hadfield , Mannhester , file-manufacturer ,--first-dividend of 10 s 7 d in the pound , any Tuesday , at the office of Mr . Stanway , Manchester .

      Bankrupts. . (From Tuesday's Gazette. J ...

      DIVIDENDS . Jan . 21 , B . 1 . Anrons , St . Janics ' s-placc _, _Aldgnto _, City . oil-merchant—Jan . 17 . lt . Lee , lt . J . _Brasscy , F . _l- ' air , uiid G . Lee , Lombard-street , City , bankers—Jan . 21 , F . Hoskins , Birmingham , wine-merchant—Jau . 21 , V . Barry , Rve _, Sussex , _inUler—Jan . 21 , R . Annficld , King-street , Cheapside , Citv , button-manufacturer— Jan . 21 , E . Graham , Dover-street , Piccadilly , singing-master—Jan . 22 , C . Mann , Romford , Essex , bunker—Jan . 22 , T . Pearson , Liverpool-road , Islington , buUder—Jan . 23 , E . / rurniaine _, Canterbury , porter-merchant—Jan . 23 , J . P . Davis , Bromley , Kent , . innkeeper—Jan . 23 , W . Read , King-street , _Coveut-garden , engraver—Jan . 23 , J . Stonebridgc , * Wivch . hoe Essex , corn-merchant —Jan . 23 , h . Fenner , Fen ; church-streot , Citv , merchant-Jan . 23 , 0 . Robinson , 'High Holborn , tailor—Jan . 23 , W . Fenner , Fencliurch _^ treet , Citv , merchant-Jan . 28 , C . Terry , Shoe-lane , City , quillmerchant-Jan . 23 , W . Espiveut , Colenian _^ treet > building 8 , City , merchant-Jan . 24 , ll . Lang , _Millbridge , Yorkshire , _taUow-cliaiuUer-Jan . 23 , T . Eyre . . Gainsborough , Lincolnshire , corn-mcrcliant-Jan . 21 J . Metcalf , Liverpool , grocer —Jan . 22 , H . Ward , Stafford , builder . - _CEBTIFICATES TO BE GRANTED , UNLESS CACSE BB snoWN TO THE _CONTBABT ON TIIE DAY OP MEETING .

      Jan . 22 , W . ScoveU _, jun ., _ChUworth . Hampshire , brickmaker-Oan _, 22 , 1 ) . J . Mackenzie , Chambers-street , Minories , _provision-merc-han _**— Jan . 23 , II . Bragg , Montagueclose , Southwark , _bottle-nierclinnt-Jan . 21 , C . S . Harvey , George-street , Hanover-square , dress-maker—Jan . 21 , M . and B . Lee , Duke-street , Piccadilly , tailors—Jan . 21 , J . Dyson , Sheffield , scythe-manufacturer—Jan . 31 , B . W . Franklin , Liverpool , merchant — Jan . 21 , G . Winning , Dover-street , Piccadilly , upholsterer—Jan . 21 , T . B . Andrew , Ashton-undcr-Lyne , tea-dealer — Jan . 21 , L . D _., II ., and G . F . Smith , Gutter-lane , City , crape-manufacturers .

      _PAETNEBSHirS DISSOLVED . J . Kelly and J . H . Law , Holcoiube-uioor _, Lancashire , coal-proprietors—C . Canning and B . Evans , Birmingham , iron merchants—J . Iredale and J . _Oxley , _Rotlici-ham , Yorkshire , tanners—W . Gresliain and J . Lecto , attorneys —J . R . and J . Hay ward , Manchester , wholesale booksellers—H . T . Wright and J . W . Bazalgetie , Great Georgestreet , ¦ Westminster , architects — R . Watson , S . Broom , and A . Grumbold , Kidderminster , Worcestershire , woolstaplers ; as far as regards S . Broom—F . O'Brien and J . Kevan , Liverpool , corn merchants—W . Fairbairn and J , _Hctlierington , Manchester , machine-makers—W . and J . Fairbairn , Manchester , engineers—J . Gadd and II . _nuskisson , Nottingham , lace-manufacturers—J . Pickard , W _,

      B . Earl and lt . Dickinson , Considc , Durham , brick-manufacturers ; as far as regards J . Pickard—H . Stoddart and J . Knight , Bolton , Lancashire , engineers—W . CasweU _, J . Callow , aud W . CasweU , jun ., I _' aradise-row , Chelsea , builders-w . Boutchcr _, W . Mortiraore , H . Bowden , and S . Liunington , Liverpool , hide-agents—A . Spottiswoode and H . R . VizeteUy , newspaper proprietors—W . Jones aud A . Heath , New-cross , Old Kent-road , omnibus proprietors—E . Ramsay and C . Greenwood , Bruton-street , Hanoversquare , dress-makers—G . Walworth and T . Robinson , Congleton , Cheshire , silk-throwsters—W . and J . Vaughan ,, andE . Sheldon , Austin-friars , City , merchants ; as far as regards W . Vaughan—II . 0 . Kempson and T . S . Lea , Kidderminster , millers—J . Ainsworth and H . Ward , Blackburn . Lancashire , cotton-spinners .

      Market Lntellige?Vce

      MARKET LNTELLIGE ? vCE

      London Oobx Exchange, Monday, Dec. 30.—T...

      London Oobx Exchange , Monday , Dec . 30 . —The supply of all kinds of _< p _* ain from our own coast and Scotland was small during the past week , and therewere no arrivals from Ireland , whilst from abroad tha receipts consisted ofa few small parcels of linseed and rapeseed . At to-day ' s market there was a small show of wheat by land carriage ; samples from the homo counties . Only moderate supplies of barley , beans , and peas , and a few cargoes ot Irish oats fresh up , Thc weather has for several days been very damp , and the samples of grain were consequently not in very good order this morning . The demand for wheat was far from active , the inferior condition rendering millers unwilling to buy ; and in this position of affairs , some difficulty was experienced in making sales at last Monday ' s quotations . Thfr inqniry for free foreign wheat was likewise of a retail ; character , but holders were very firm , and the littlo business done was at fully previous rates . Flour

      moved off somewhat slowly , hut neither town nor country manufactured was cheaper . __ Barley excited little attention ; choice _malting qualities were scarce and quite as dear , but tho ordinary kinds were very unsaleable . ; Tlie transactions in malt were on -a restricted sale , and quotations remained precisely thc same as last week . Oats were held at rather enhanced terms , neither dealers nor consumers showed any disposition however to buy beyond what they required for immediate use , and business closed languidly . For beans the demand was rather sluggish , but former rates were about supported , and tlie value of peas also remains much the same as on this day week . In bonded articles there was little or nothing passing . Clover seed continues to be held at too high prices to allow of much business being done . Canary seed met littlo attention to-day , and was rather easier to buy . Linseed and rapeseed supported former prices , and thero is no change to notice in other articles .

      CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL . QUARTER . —British . s s SB Wheat , Essex , & Kent , new is old red 42 48 White CO 54 Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 42 4 G Ditto 48 58 . Northum . and Scotch white 41 45 Fino 46 50 . Irish red old 0 0 Red 40 ii White 45 « Ryo Old 33 35 New 33 34 _ilrank 36 38 Barley Grinding . . 27 29 Distil . 30 32 Malt . 34 88 Malt Brown .... 54 56 Pale 58 63 Waro S 4 65 Beans Ticks old & new 31 34 Harrow 33 38 Pigeon 36 42 Peas Grey 32 33 Maple 33 35 White 36 40-Oats _Lincolns < fc Yorkshire Feed 22 24 l'oland 23 2 * Scotch Angus 23 25 Potato 25 26 Irish Wluto 21 23 Black 20 28

      Per 2801 b . net . s s Per 2801 b . net . _s _u Town-made Flour ... 43 45 | Norfolk & , Stockton 33 34 Essex and Kent .... 34 35 | Irish 34 35 Free . Bond . Foreign . 8 8 6 Wheat , Dantsic , Konigsburg , ic 50 58 36 38 If arks , Mecklenburg ........ 48 54 34 35 DaniBh , nolstein , and Friesiandred 45 47 31 33 Russian , Hard 45 46 Soft ... 45 47 31 32 Italian , Red . . 46 50 White ... 50 52 34 86 Spanish , Hard . 46 50 Soft .... 48 52 34 36 Rye , Baltic , Dried , ... 32 33 Undried . . 32 33 24 26 Barley , Grinding . 27 29 Malting . . m 35 24 30 Beans , Ticks . . 32 34 Egyptian . 32 31 26 38 Peas , White . . 36 38 Maple . . 34 35 28 32 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 24 25 19 20 Russian feed , 20 21 14 16 Danish , Friesland feed 20 22 14 16 Flour , perbarrel 25 28 23 24

      _LosnoN _Smithfieu _) Market , Monday , Dec . 30 . — As is almost invariably the case at this season of tho year the supply of beasts brought forward here to-day was but limited , and of very inferior quality . The attendance of both town and country buyers beiriff small , the demand for all kinds of beef was in a very sluggish state , at a decline on last week ' s quotation * of 2 d . per 8 lb ., the highest figure realised for the few prime Scots offering not being more than 4 s . 2 d . per 81 b ., and at which a clearance was not effected . Since this day se ' nnight , the imports of foreign stock hava been miserably small , in consequence of tbe severity ofthe weather in Holland ; and very few beasts or sheep are expected for our market for some timehence . The bullock droves fresh up from Lincolnshire , Leicestershire , and Northamptonsbire , were composed

      of about 800 short-horns . From Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , we received 4 . 00 Scots , < fcc . ; from the Western and Midland districts 600 llerefords , Devons , runts , & c . ; from other parts of England , 400 of various breeds ; and from Scotland 185 horned and polled Scots , The numbers of sheep were sufficiently numerous . The very primest old downs were in fan * demand , at late rates ; but the fencral trade was extremely dull , and it was with ifficiilty that last Monday ' s prices were supported , a clearance of the suppl y not being effected . Notwithstanding the supply of calves was small , the inquiry for them was inactive , at about stationary prices .

      Upwards of 200 pigs wcre on sale from Ireland ; while the pork trade was in a sluggish state , at our quotations . By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . s . d . 8 . d-Inferior coarse beasts . . . 2 8 2 10 Second quality . . . . 8 0 3 4 Prime large oxen .... 3 6 3 10 Prime Scots , & c 4 0 4 2 Coarse inferior sheep . . . 2 10 3 4 Second quality .... 3 6 3 8 Prime coarse woolled ... 3 10 4 0 Prime Southdown , . . . 4 2 4 4 Large coarse calves . . . . 3 4 4 0-

      Pnme small 4 2 4 4 Suckling calves each . . ,. 18 0 31 I Large hogs 3 0 3 6 Neat small porkers . . . 3 8 4 0 Quarter-old store pigs each . . 16 0 20 0

      HEAD OF CATTLE ON SALE . ( From the Books of the Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 3003- Sheep , 24 , 510-Calves , 75—Pigs , 280 .. Liverpool _Cor . y Market . —Monday , Dec . 30 .- _» The week ' s imports of grain , < tc , are again of very moderate amount . The only change in tha duties on foreign produce te an advance of ls . per quarter on barley , being now subject to an import of 4 s . per quarter . With the interruption of the holidays , the week ' s business generally has been more than usually limited , but for wheat we have to , quote

      previous rates as quite maintained . ; new has been in scanty supply , and 6 s . 9 d . to 7 s . per * 70 lbs . obtained for the best Irish , red . No change in the value of flour . The arrival of two or three parcels of oats for last Friday ' s market , anda very low demand , rendered them rather easier to purchase ; good mealing were to be bought at 3 s . 2 d . per 45 lbs . Oatmeal has met a tolerably fair demand , at 24 » . 9 d . to 25 s . 6 d . per 240 lbs . for old and new . There has been little passing in cither barley or beans , and we have to note previous rates as barely sustained for either article . No alteration as respects peas .

      Manchester _Corx Market . _—Saturdat , Dec : 28 —The ' , business transactions of thc week have been confined to the actual demand for consumption of all articles , and ho change in prices can be noted . There was but little passing in wheatat our market this morning , and we repeat the quotations of this day se ' nnight . Flour was in fair request , and the ; sales effected were without change from ' the previous , currency . In the value of oats or oatmeal no alteration can be noted ; and , although the demand for either article was but limited , purchasers were compelled by scarcity to pay full prices . . . ' * * " • ¦ '' ¦;¦¦'

      Liverpool Cattle Market . —Monday , Dec 30 . — We have had a larger supply of cattle at market to-day than for some time of late , which met with dull sale at lower prices . Beef fid . to 6 d .,-mutton 5 M . to Gd . Cattle imported into Liverpool from the 23 rd to the 30 th of November , 455 cows , 81 calves , 2098 sheep , 3579 pigs , 1 horse .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 4, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_04011845/page/7/