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J^T- and contribute to sustain him AG Ji...
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HOMES RECEIVED For the Wezk Esnrse Tboss...
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HP1S -H? OF TEE USB COMPM. arcBvED sr w-...
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DEFENCE FUND*.. •Wired' by W. Rides. — D...
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dTfjarttst mtt!li«na
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THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL ...
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CLKHKENWELL, 41, Turnmill-street.—On Sun...
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REPEAL OF THE DUTY ON PAPER. A meeting o...
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EEPEAL OF THE TAXES ON PAPER. A public m...
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THE PROPOSED CONFERENCE. Mr. Editor,—I r...
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NATIONAL CHARTER LEAGUE. On Monday eveni...
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF "UNITED TRADES, ...
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SURREY SESSIONS. Robbing Railway Passeng...
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Intended Harhoub at Brighton.—In our las...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
O'Connor Defence Fund. The Response To O...
_J _^ T - _jeraHy , and contribute to sustain him _f 5 ris unequal contest _^• _grequested thatyon _* willimmediatel y take to form a Committee in your town , to Visa for Subscriptions . It would be ad-£ _* ble to divide it into small districts , to _^ _iut a collector to each , to announce that _^ Subscrip tions will be collected simulta _n -W on a given day , thus showing , by one Ce er and hearty effort , that the people will S ? fl 0 W their advocate and champion to be •] timised by 1 _&& _& Frauds and Governmental f > - —• VI _«< nrl _rtivrvt-r-iK-n _*<•* .. _¦*** ¦ anc-rain him
ITpon app lication to this office , collecting _i ' u and every information that may be _ne-10 VW be forthwith supplied to all _^ 0 ° are desirous ef assisting in this good V < Tt is recommended that a per centage on i \ Z amount collected be allowed to all who _wiato that duty ; ihe amount of snch _J ? _fenfage to be \ ea by the local _Com-^ _T _^' _funds should he remitted immediately f 2 Post Office Order , ) to Mr . William 8 ? r 1 G Great Windmill-street , Hay-% t with _alist of Subscribers ; and a due _^ Tfull acknowledgement will appear in the _-NoSbern Star' ' each Saturday .
'" a Ion- * - pi _& a strong pall , and a pull _" alto _^ etber "—now or never . William Rjdeb .
J^T- And Contribute To Sustain Him Ag Ji...
_JiSiOTt 4 , 1851 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 5 I !» _¦¦ . _ ¦ —¦*•———¦ " * — — _,. ¦ — . — . ¦ — __
Homes Received For The Wezk Esnrse Tboss...
HOMES RECEIVED For the Wezk _Esnrse _Tbossbat _, January 2 nd , 1851 . TOR THE THE HONESTY FUND . _BECEIVTIl BI w . 'USES . £ -c 4
3 . Cooks , Shincltffe Colliery .. ,. 002 J . wason , Shin-3 iffeCoi _* Jery .. .. 002 Brighton Chartis ts , per W . John .. f « 0 fromGallatown—D . _Morrison .. .. 0 0 6 J . Morrison .. .. *• ( ' _? 6 T . _Phalp .. .. .. 006 " *" Y . _Bord .. .. .. 006 _j-odj Hi s hgale , Shotleyhriage—T . Smith .. 0 0 6 J . Cartoon .. .. .. 006 H . Kenwick .. .. .. 006 6 . Ket , Torquay .. ., 013 _lianffiiid . _afewOWGuards _. perJ . linney .. 0 5 0 "J . Roxbr . J 5 urtonC « llierv .. .. 0 2 0 "Messrs . CoHins , _JlEaden , and Rogere , Frome .. 0 16 H . Les ter Heading .. .. 010 3 L Weils . Hope Tofvn , Bethnal-green .. 0 2 0 3 Jcssr « . Merry and Swatsall _. llaninstead .. 0 10 _Sircalcj Chartist Association , per R .
Hen-*• A A _DaKon . Cumberland , per Thos . Sowerby .. _» _u u _"ff . _WaUev , South Stockton .. .. 0 2 6 E . Evans , * Bilston .. . * 0 1 0 2 Jorwieb , per . T . _CoHins .. - J " ; _Norwich , per J . Lergen .. " n _t n * W . Atkinson , Liverpool .. n I 0 J . Tickles and "friends , Greenock .. J ? ® rr . R . .. -. .. oio _Saruev and Sheiton _, per E . Nixon .. 3 2 0 From Stockport— "W . Potts and J . Sogers .. J ' ' T . MHdleton and SL Scrag-.. - 0 8 5 TV . Graham and J . Mather .. « » * T . Cleiw . • • "J . " _jI-CavfleyandT . Broadhurst 0 511 0 'Connorvaie , i * r T . M . Wheeler .. lie A few Friends . Armitage Bridge and Berry . „ „
_Bnm-, nearHuddersfield .. - ¦ 011 3 Newark , per J . Saanders .. .. 015 6 "Sottinsham , per J-Sweet .. . 014 3 "From _Wisbeash—T . Begister .. .. 0 3 6 _JLStelv .. .. ~ 0 2 6 3 . and W . Batterliam .. ° 2 5 ¦ J . Byers .. .. ** ° * _„ S . Sand _* aIl .. .. .. 6 1 0 "J . _Donbieday .. .. .- ° 1 0 AFriend .. .. .. 003 Stoke-undiT-Ham , per T . Taylor .. 0 2 6 T . Wilier , Cheltenham .. .. 0 10 Brislid Ghar & ts , per W . Hyatt .. 1 0 0 Jlr . NcTnnan _, Ciatcni , Bristol .. .. <• 1 0 3 . Jones , Carliff .- * ' * ° n J . _Samrcls , Castle Precincts , Bristol <• 1 _« _fremlionuon—S . Loveuay .. .. 0 1 o Hr . Frost .. .. .. 01 ?
¦ Mr . l lhchrock . - .- .. « 2 0 ¦ Mr . IHxon .. .. _» 2 0 P . Down .. .. .. 0 1 0 "E . Witney .. .. *• 0 0 « J . Wripley .. *• •** _3 . Bro _? k _/ .- - •¦ J " Two Comb-makers , Aberdeen .. .. 0 10 * J . Firai , Hart _* s-hai .. .. 010 * J _^> wnsrt , Han ' s-liill •• ° * » J ! r . Hick , London .. . 2 5 ? AFewFriends , Swaasea . perJ . Hams .. o o o _g . _Hunt , OIdbury » " n r 0 _Aberf-aTennr . per T . C . Ingram „ " X "Sheffie _* d . i « rG . Carill .. " 0 14 0 A Few Friends , Torquay , per T . _Hocker .. 0 5 0 J . Thumiison anti Friends , Glossop -- 0 8 8 _SixFricnds-Glos-opOess , order * postage , 4 d ) 0 o 8 S . Aitchison . Dabry-road .. 0 10 J . Crdrd . St Germains de Levit , ptar LesietK ,
Calvados . France .. -- 010 0 TV . Smuh , Lyndon , Bireiingham , per W . Feel 0 4 0 S . Hodgldns . WalsaU .. .. 010 -I . W _ebster , _WalsaU .. .. 010 EEcnrEP 3 Y jons iESorr . Xynn , perW . Ttraits .. .. 076 A Few Working Men , in Dewey ' s shop , Gloucester .. .. 0 0 J > £ 25 5 6
Hp1s -H? Of Tee Usb Compm. Arcbved Sr W-...
_HP 1 S _-H ? OF TEE USB COMPM . arcBvED _sr w- bides . £ s . d . J . Rylands . Belton .. 006 O . Rise and others , Torquay .. .. 0 10 9 Mansfield , per J . Linney .. .. 010 6 Messrs . _Collin-s _Meaden , and Rogers , Frome .. 0 16 Messrs Smkh , Clarkson , Reawick , and Temperley . Hi _^ _bsale _. Sho'leybridge .. 0 3 G _H . Lester , Heading .. .. 010 Br . Greer , GIasg << w .. .. 0 5 0 Messrs . Swatsall . Merry , and AUen , Hatar _* tea ( i 0 1 C From _S-nlev—W . Beckett .. .. 0 0 6 J . BEdford .- .. .. 006 J . Haigh .. .. 0 0 6 J . Kaye .. .. .. 0 0 6 T . Walley . South Stockton .. .. 010 0 B . Evans , 121 ston .. .. 0 10 ~ . King , _Boston .. .. 006 J . _5 ewj : ; _-indT . _Csse , LongBnckby .. 0 10 "Norwich . j _* r i . CoHins .. .. 012 9 "Norwich , _Crot"k's-place , per Messrs . Wall and
Scott .. .. .. 026 _iJoJtoD _, r * r J . Bennett .. 0 5 0 Aslacton . per U . Woodcraft .. .. 026 J . E . Moffatt , Wentworth-street , WMtechapel 0 10 lower Warley . per D . Messenger .. 1 12 4 W . Atkinson , " Liverpool .. .. 0 10 T . It . .. -- .. 030 ? rom Hundcrsfield—G . _Hargreaves .. 0 0 G J . _L . BrsinweU .. .. 010 W . Dawson .. .. .. 010 W . CIot .. .. .- 0 0 3 _KottiEgli ., m , per J . Sweet .. 0 6 6 Stoke-under-Ham . per T . Taylor .. 0 * t 6 T . Wilev . Cheltenham .. .. 0 1 0 From Ciiftca . Bristol—Mr . _Xewmau .. 0 10 A . Srj _«* iing .. .- .. 00 b COark .. .. .. 006 A . C . Clark .. .. ° ° S C . W . Clark .. .. .. « 0 « Mr . Whites .. .. .. 020 J . Ciarfcs .. .. .. 010
J . AUen .. .. .. 0 0 6 _Agones . Cardiff .. .. 009 _Hary _Cair-isUll , Cardie .. .. 0 0 6 J . Samue ' j ; , _CaaleFredficts , Bristol .. 0 S 0 . Towns . Birth , _Sor th Shields .. 0 2 0 S . LaTt-d _2 Y * .. .. .. 010 Mr . Frcst .. .. .. 010 3 . _Cifc-wn , _iVConnorville .. .. 0 2 6 E . Winiev , _Locdon .. .. 0 0 _£ 3 . _Wrjglev . London .. .. 0 0 6 P . _ShsriJUnsferinKne .. .. 0 1 0 _StockpwtBransb , per T . ~ _oodhoiife .. 15 0 J . _FirJi , Han * s-hi * l .. .. 0 10 J . ? _arne : l , lian ! ev .. .. 0 10 W . Brora , Chelmsford .. .. 0 0 C H . Brewfr , Chelmsford ( 2 nd sub . ) .. 0 0 6 Oldham . i « r J . Lord .. .. 0 14 0 W . Lees . _OMtam .. .. 020 From G . _Vsnry—J . Hunt .. .. 0 3 0 Mesirs . T . and S . Page .. .. 020 Sarah Page .. .. .. 010 _Meesrs . G . and T . Hemmings , Tansley , Kent ,
Snuth , ana _GarBe , Coventry .. .. 0 4 0 _FiemPtwsbB-v—J . Fox .. .. 0 10 _Cllealfv .. .. 0 1 0 _E-Smswe .. ' .. 010 C . _Stgrave . Ncrwich - _., 0 10 S . and i . _MnihoiJand , Mearns , by Glasgow .. 0 10 R . Ahctifen , Dairy-road . » 0 0 8 From Edinburgh—G . Willis .. 0 10 W . ? raser .. .. .. 006 _R-Hendrrso- ! .. - _<> _« £ J . Clark .. .. ** \ \ _CaSam .. .. " J . Gor . _aa .. .. ¦• « * " G . Gail .. ., 1
— T »_ : -.. .. O ' J W . _Priwreil .. .. ' i , a G Mrs . Wa ! S 0 a .. .. " n a r J . _J & van .. .. -522 R . Rented ! .. .. • ° ° G . _Alfiacder .. .. ' _¦ ? . ? , e A . Rt-brrts , _sen . .. -52 fi A . Rol * _rSjuu . .. - 2 2 _« J . BrownSmhh .. ° 2 2 € . _B-oss 2 as .. .. © 06 _a . _Baw _;^ :: :: ,. o o _« « m } _Va _* faii _ s . _HougkiDS .. " 2 J o J . Webvfr ,, 010 _W-Gremwav ' . ' . .. ' ° J 2 _a . _Hodg-dns .. .. .. 010 _1-Crnt . n . .. .. « 1 0
., _, HECKVED ATIAHD _OIHCE . „ . „ Jfr-J . W . Pearce .. .. 010 _?* iw ™ _;; .. 010 Jonathan Ramsden .. *• ? 1 2 JtOaaiain _. perJ . Bates .. « . 0 110 , _BECnvIBBSJOIISAISOIT . - A . p tviw _, LjiiD .. .. .. 0 1 ° £ 11 19 0
Defence Fund*.. •Wired' By W. Rides. — D...
DEFENCE FUND * . . Wired' by W . Rides . — _Doudee , _Cssrivial Meerirg _•^"" iiit-ce , ier 3 . Graham U . — EXPENSE FUND . _i Seraraj t » _ft _\ £ fflS < _W . _GWmi _, _O'ConnorfiUe 2 s _W
Defence Fund*.. •Wired' By W. Rides. — D...
AGITATION FOR THE CHARTER . Received by W . Rn . Ea . -Bristol _, perW . Hyatt Is 3 d . Received oy _Johs _Aasorr—Marylcbone _, per Mr . Goodwin _i ?~ _£ , , s 3 d—J - Mewis 4 d—AFritnd , City-road , per Jr . Holyoake Is—Mr . T . Hunt per Mr . Holyoake 2 s fid-Mr . G . 0 . Holyoake Is—Lynn . I > er J . Twaits 7 s 6 d—LticesterperJ . Johnsnn 10 s-Mr . * l . Smith , "Whitechurch Is—Hastings , per E . Mose 4 b Od . FOR THE HUNGARIAN AND POLISH REFUGEES . ReceiTedby W . Rujeh . —J . Cooks , Shincliffe-collieiy Id—J . * ffi ! 5 on . Shiocliff-colliery Id—a few Friends , Newton , Hnddersfield 2 _s—2 fo «' ngbam , per 3 . Sweet 2 s lOd—AbergaT 3 nny , per T . C . Ingram 3 s . Keceived by John Arsott . —A few Apprentices , coppersmiths and brassfounder s , Glasgow , per G . "iV . M . Reynolds 16 s -Bradford , per A . Fowler 4 s . TRACT FUND . Received by ~ . Rideb . —Mr . Bateman , Bristol , per W . Hyatt 6 d . FOR MACNAMARA ' S ACTION . Receivf d by W . Rider . —Ifottingham , per J . Sweet 3 d . AC TATIAH r— . — . v .. _ _ .. ¦
Dtfjarttst Mtt!Li«Na
_dTfjarttst mtt ! li « na
The Executive Committee Of The National ...
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER
ASSOCIATION , Held their usual weekly meeting at the Office , 14 , _Sonthampton-sti-eet , Strand , on Wednesday evening last—Mr . G . J . Holyoake in the chair . —The whole of tho committee were present . Correspondence was received from Cheltenham , Hastings , Leicester , Lynn , "Whitechurch , and Mr . Le Blond . Mr . Habnet moved , seconded by Mr . Grassbt : — •« That a delegate be sent to represent the Committee at the West Riding delegate meeting , to be held at Halifax on Sunday next , January 5 th . " Carried unanimously . Mr . Ernest Jones was unanimously appointed the said delegate .
Mr . Harney then moved , and Mr . Jones seconded , the following resolution ; — " That this Committee , as the Executive head of the National Charter Association , feel it their duty to vindicate the principles of Democracy and the roles of the Association . They , therefore , repudiate all connexion with the Conference called to meet in Manchester on the 27 th inst ., by the local council of that town , such Council not being the head of the Chartist body , nor duly authorised to summons a national delegation . They further call on all true Chartists and good Democrats to abstain from any participation in the said Cont ference . " Carried with one dissentient .
During the discussion on the above resolulution , the following questions were , through the chairman , put to Mr . O'Connor by Mr . _Revnolds . _—^ Do the Manchester Council intend to elect a new Executive ? Mr . O'Connor . —No ! They have no such intention . Mr . Reynolds , —Do they intend to act antagonistically to this Committee ? Air . O'Connor . —No ! It they did I would not act with them .
Mr . O ' Connor then moved : —" That a Conference be held in Manchester on January the 27 th , and that a Conference be also held in London , on Monday , March the 3 rd ; " but as no seconder appeared , the motion was not entertained . Mr . Davis stated , that through the peculiar circumstances in which he was at present placed relative to his employment , it would be impossible for him to attend to his duties as one of the Executive Committee of the National Charter Association , and therefore , although it was with deep regret , he still felt it to he his duty to tender his resignation .
Mr . Reynolds moved , seconded by Mr . O'Connor : — " That Mr . Davis's resignation be accepted , with a vote of thanks for his services in the Chartist cause . " The motion was unanimously adopted . Mr . Davis returned thanks , and having said tbat he should also resign as a member of the Polish oommittee , then retired . The following was moved by Mr . Harney and seconded by Mr . Grassby : — " We , the
undersigned members of the Chartist Executive , having read the Manchester Council ' s attack upon one ofthe Committee—Mr . Ernest Jones , published in the Northern Star of December the 28 th—hereby declare their disgust and indignation at the authors of that tissue of abuse and falsehood , and brand its authors as detestable slanderers of a man , who , by his services , sufferings , and devotion to the people ' s cause , has entitled himself to the confidence and esteem of all true Democrats . "
Signed by John Arnott , James Grassby , G . Julian Harney , John Milne . The following was also agreed to by those whose names are appended thereto : — " Not being able to subscribe to the terms in which tbe foregoing minutes are expressed , we still wish to signify our accordance with its intention , and to observe , that the fact , that the Executive appointed Mr . Jones their delegate to Halifax after reading the attack referred to , indicates their confidence in Mr . Jones ' s integrity . Signed by G . J . Holyoake , Feargus O'Connor . G . W . M . Reynolds .
Mr . Grassby moved , seconded by Mr . Milne : — " That the vacancy in tbe Executive caused by the resignation of Mr . Davis , be at once filled up , and that the Secretary be instructed to forthwith issue orders for that purpose . " Carried unanimously . It was also agreed : — " That a series of great public meetings be held in the metropolitan districts , commencing at John-street on Tuesday evening , January the 14 th . " In consequence of an unusual press of business , the consideration of the list of places to send delegates to the forthcoming Conference was postponed until next week . The Committee then adjourned to Wednesday Evening , January the 8 th . _~
Notice is hereby given to all localities , and others who may feel an interest in the election , to proceed at once to nominate a fit and proper person to fill the _yacancy caused by the resignation of Mr . William Davis as one of tbe Executive Committee ; such nominations must be forwarded , addressed to the General Secretary , at the office , 34 , Southamptonstreet , Strand , on , or before , Wednesday , January the loth , and aB the same will be duly published , the votes thereon must be taken and transmitted as above stated , on , or before Wednesday , January the 29 th , as a / 1 nominations , or votes , received after tbe above dates , will be null and void .
Notice is also given , that new cards of membership for 3851 are now ready , and all who desire the progress of Democracy , are most earnestly requested to at once apply for tbe same to the Secretary , to whom all communications must be addressed , and all Post-Office Orders must , for the fnture , be made payable to the Treasurer , Mr . Robert Le Blond , at tbe Post-Office , London . ( Notice is further given , that as several localities have neglected to send in tbeir returns ofthe number of cards issued , and the monies received thereon , and in order that time may be allowed them to comply with the notice previously given , it is deemed advisable to defer the printing of the financial statement until Wednesday , January 35 th . Signed on behalf of the Committee , John Arnott , General Secretary .
Clkhkenwell, 41, Turnmill-Street.—On Sun...
CLKHKENWELL , 41 , Turnmill-street . —On Sunday evening last Mr , T . Brown lectured ( in the absence of Mr . Kydd , who was engaged on a very _important matter , ) on Church Historv past and present . After which Mr . Brown , on behalf of the Refugees , returned thanks to the friends who had assisted them . Thev had lately received clothes from tbe country , for which they were grateful , bnt they required more clothing . He also stated , atthe request ofthe refugees , the committee bad given notice tbat they would give up the premises in March next , and he hoped that friends would assist them for a short time longer . A few pounds were owing for rent ; the committee ba d notft _fwthing w bsBd , and
Clkhkenwell, 41, Turnmill-Street.—On Sun...
they were frequentl y obliged to borrow to provide _foodjor the men ; tbat day they had not broken their fast , but the number of persons then present would be the means of supplying them with a little sustenance . He ( the speaker ) and Mr . Antill , atthe request of the refugees , had waited upon five meetings of the shoemakers to thank them for their assistance . It was announced that a meeting would be held in the Harmonic Hall , on Tuesday , and thanks having been given to the chairman and lecturer , the meeting dispersed . Todmorden . —At a meeting of members , , _
the following resolution was adopted : — " That it is the opinion of this meeting , that the reply of the Manchester Council to Ernest Jones , Esq ., in the Star ofthe 28 th ult ., is an attack upon that gentleman ' s character , characterised by a total absence of justice , as far as regards his real merits , and that we believe him not only to be zealous but faithful to the principles of true democracy . And this meeting is further of opinion , that the object which the y seek to attain , that is , to lessen his influence b y attempting _[ to destroy his character , will not only prove a failure , but an everlasting disgrace . "
hanlev asd Shelton . —A social tea party and ball was held in the People ' s Hall , Brunswickstrcet , on Christmas Day , when 260 persons sat down to an excellent tea . The proceeds ofthe tea and ball—which amounted to the sum of £ 9 2 s . — is sent herewith , in two Post-office orders , for the Honesty Fund . Arrangements are being made for the division ofthe township into districts , aud parties are appointed to make collections . We are also getting subscribers for the disposal of a set of china ware , and two sets of ornaments , for the same object . All subscriptions must be sent to the secretary , at Mr . Yates' Temperance Hotel , Crownhank , Shelton , who will give every information on the subject . —!! . Nixon , Secretary .
Repeal Of The Duty On Paper. A Meeting O...
REPEAL OF THE DUTY ON PAPER . A meeting of paper manufacturers was held on Tuesday afternoon , at the Clarence Hotel , Spring Gardens , Manchester , in order to consider what steps could be taken to secure , in the course of the next session of parliament , the abolition of the paper duty . Mr . T . B . Cromptos was called to the chair , and said that at a meeting held about a month since , he was requested to ascertain , as far as possible , the probability of getting , in the next session of parliament , an abolition of the paper duty . With this view , he had had interviews with Lord John Russell , the Chancellor of the Exchequerand a
, great number of leading men , both in and out of parliament , and of all political sentiments . The result of those interviews was a conviction that on the exertions made by the public and the trade , but emanating from the latter , would entirely depend whether they were to succeed in getting this obnoxious tax repealed or not . The next step he took was to have a circular issued by the " Association for the Abolition of tbe Duty on Paper , " which existed in London , and also himself to issue a pamphlet on the subject . He did this because he felt that they could never hope for success , unless they informed the public of the true nature of the paper tax , and the extent to which it affected almost every individual in tbe community . He had
that day met with an individual who was consuming £ 1 , 000 worth of paper yearly , but who said he " had not the least idea that paper paid any very serious duty , " and was perfectly astounded when he ( the chairman ) informed him that it paid not less than forty per cent . This was not all . Some descriptions of paper were taxed to the extent of 120 per cent , on the cost price . He believed that if the public , now almost ignorant on the subject , were made fully aware of the nature of the . ' paper duty , not only would they be able : to secure its speedy repeal , but , in fact , to make ifc a part of the nest budget . Thsy would find in the public press , be believed , a most powerful organ in _aifling their movement ; and through the newspapers and
other channels , the association in London would take care that the bearings of the tax were fully exposed to the public . The paper manufacturer ' s were , of course , the first to feel the effects of the tax . A man could not commence making paper without first applying to an excise officer to survey his premises , to number every room in them , and also to mark , by letter or by number , every implement whichhe ( themanufacturer ) proposedtouse . Theact now in force , as amended in committee , was called " A bill to consolidate and amend the laws for collecting and securing the duties of excise on paper made in the United Kingdom ; " it was passed on the 5 tb of July , 1 S 39 , and contained sixty-nine clauses , a great number of which were penal .
Section three required paper makers , before commencing business , to make " a true and particular entry in writing " of all their mills and premises , and every implement they used in the manufacture , < fec , of paper of any description , or buttonboard , millboard , pasteboard or scaleboard , and to deliver the same to the excise officer in whose survey the mill and premises might be . situated : in which entry every " engine , chest , machine , vat , and press shall be distinguished by a particular number or letter , or number and letter or letters ;" in default of which , for every unentered mill or implement , the manufacturer shall forfeit £ 200 ; ' * together with all paper , buttonboard , millboard , pasteboard or scaleboard , and all
materials found therein . A similar penalty was imposed in case the marks upon the several things mentioned did not agree with the entry given in , so that if the number or letters were erased by accident , the excise officer could declare the premises as unentered , and enforce the penalty of £ 200 . The chairman proceeded to read and comment npon section nine , remarking that under it the labels issued by the commissioners of excise , to be used in tbe tying up of paper , were made equal in value to bank notes ; as there was a fine of £ 10 imposed for every label delivered to any manufacturer , " and for whicha receipt shall not be given , or whfer shall be cancelled , obliterated , or destroyed , sold or disposed of , or improperly used , or not produced or
accounted for , when demanded by the excise officer . It was often necessary to entrust a working man with 1 , 000 of those notes at once ( representing to the manufacturer £ 10 , 000 ) , and the manufacturers were of course always in danger , as some of the labels might be destroyed or removed through malice , or oven through the slightest negligence or inattention . By section 15 , a period of eighty-four hours was consumed , after paper was ready for delivery into the market , before the manufacturer could send it out , in consequence of the notice required to be given prior to and to elapse after the weighing and charging of it with duty . This period , during whiGh the paper was kept in the mill , was a longer one than was required for him to buy the raw materials in
Manchester , send them , to his mill , manufacture paper , and transport it to any part ofthe kingdom if he were not interfered with . This regulation crippled the consumption of paper to an almost incalculable extent . The chairman , after referring to other restrictive and penal clauses in the act , pointed out the extent to which , despite tbe vigilance of the excise , frauds were constantly being committed , and said tbat of this the government was fully aware , and acknowledged the difficulty of collecting the duty . Substitutes for paper were being continually produced so nearly identical in
their nature that excisemen could not delect the difference until told of it ; but all these weie allowed to go duty free . He himself , within ten days had placed in the hands of a government officer a specimen of a new material , which the officer unhesitatingly pronounced to be pasteboard but he would not , nevertheless , dare io seize three tons of it , although he ( the chairman ) told him where it was lying . The chairman next referred to the great number of persons who depended upon the manufacture of paper , either directly or indirectly , and urged the immense advantage which must result to them from the abolition of the paper
duty , . Mr . Baldwin described the injurious operation of the paper duty on tbe trade of Birmingham . The meeting was afterwards addressed by Mr . C . Potter and other gentlemen ; and resolutions were agreed to for the commencement of a subscription , to aid the London association ; directing the secretary to communicate with all similar associations in tbe _touritfy ; and urging paper manufacturers to solicit subscriptions from their friends generally , and to endeavour to make known the injurious operation of the tax complained of . About £ 200 was subscribed by those present at the meeting .
Eepeal Of The Taxes On Paper. A Public M...
EEPEAL OF THE TAXES ON PAPER . A public meeting on this important subject was held on Thursday evening at the London Tavern . The attendance of gentlemen connected with the Press were very numerous ; there were also a good attendance of the active Chartists of the metropolis . About seven o ' clock the room being particularly filled , . C . Cowan , Esq ., M . P ., was called to the chair , and oneried the business of tbe meeting by _Btating that ) ¦ was with reluctance he took the chair , being in a pecuniary manner interested in the abolition of the tax . Many in the paper trade thought that its abolition would be injurious < o them ; he was not , however , of that opinion . The Chairman iben showed the injury the system of taxation inflicted on the manufacturer , and the great detention it causea * in their business . Tbe _papermakers were a 8 H » li body _Stored over the whole country , and
Eepeal Of The Taxes On Paper. A Public M...
therefore their representations were not heeded . He then exhibited a specimen of paper made of straw , on which there was a duty of Us , 9 d . on a raw material that cost only 2 s . The paper on which most ot the London journals was printed on was made from , the sweepings of the cotton mills ; no duty on the raw material was charged to the cotton manufacturer , but on the very refuse , _IJd . per pound was charged lo the paper maker . He trusted that the day would soon come when the Press would be really free in this country . ( Loud cheers . ) Tbe Chairman then alluded to the Exhibition for 1861 , and gave all honour to Prince Albert for pro . jecting it . ( This was received with hisses and laughter , amid which the speaker sat down . ) A letter favourable to the meeting was read from Mr . Hume .
Mr . _Kbi-saOi moved the following resolution : — " Tbat , in the opinion of this meeting , the duty on paper is emphatically a tax on _s-kill and industry , and interfered with the employment of Jaboui and capital by those engaged in its manufacture , and inflicted , thouirh in a less degree , an injury upon the public at large , thereby injuring both manufacturer and consumer . "Tbe _association who called the mcetinif based tbeir opposition to tho tax chiefly on oommercialgrounds ; it kept thousands of working men idle , who would otherwise be employed . He also advocated its abolition on the ground of its affecting the brains as
well as the _stoniaohs of ouv population , and prevented that spread of knowledge so essential to the well-being of all classes . He then showed how it affected the interests of many trades in addition to the paper make rs , who numbered about 40 , 000 persons . One merchant in the hardware line in Birmingham , used twenty tons of paper in wrapping goods which he exported to the United States ; other trades were injured in a similar manner . He then passed some high _eulogiums upon the intelligence and sincerity of tbe working classes , and declared his opinion that they only needed to have a free and cheap literature to riBe still higher in the social scale of society .
Mr . P . Boswick seconded the resolution in an able speech , giving a history of the repeal of the duty on leather and glass , which , with paper , constituted the three grand things recommended by Sir H . Parnell for reduction in the year 1820 . Paper , unlike all other articles , received its value fromlabour alone , the raw material being valueless . He counselled them to follow the example of the United States , and by abolishing the duty , give employment to 500 , 000 persons at home , instead oi driving them to seek shelter in America . The stamp duty on newspapers , was likewise an injury —( great cheers)—but not equal in extent to that ofthe duty on paper . ( "No . no . " ) He trusted
tbey would keep to the one subject before them , and not attempt to divert the meeting from its one object . Mr . H . W . Roffy , prior to the resolution being put , requested to know whether the chairman would put any other resolution or amendment , if that were allowed to pass without addition or amendment ? The Chairman having assented , the resolution was carried unanimously . Mr , Beddow moved a resolution , showing "that the tax , by increasing tbe price of books and newspapers , impeded the progress of knowledge and education . "
Mr . _Inoram , of the Illustrated London Aews , seconded the resolution . Mr . 6 . J . Holtoake moved an amendment , embodying tbe addition of the abolition of the ono penny stamp on newspapers , and the advertisement duty . His amendment would better carry out the objects ofthe meeting ; and he trusted the courtesy and penetration ofthe committee would cause them not to look upon him as creating an opposition . Every argument that applied to the resolution applied still stronger to his . IC they meant to carry a national measure , they must adopt national means , Their present agitation was liable to be considered a trade question , and divested it of the diggnity of a national movement . Dr . Johnson said , that
" if a man meant well , the more he means the better . " ( Cheers . ) Ho objected to that movement , as there was already a society , which had been two years in existence , which agitated for the reduction , not of the duty on paper alone , but also of the duty on newspapers and advertisements ; and they were well aware that several parties struggling for the same object effected an injury upon each other . If the tax had been taken off newspapers , that meeting would have been unnecessary , as the tax on paper would speedily have followed tbe unstamped press . At present , they were compelled to import their politics from abroad , because they would not encourage their heme growth and culture . Mr . Holyoake then showed that the
government owed them the arrears of eighteen years of disappointment , since they had so gallantly _struggled and suffered to obtain an unstamped press . They needed not only such works as those of Dickens and Knight's , but they wanted cheap newspapers , to give them political ahd social knowledge . Mr . _CoM-Eir seconded the amendment . As the Secretary to the Society for the Abolition of all Taxes on Knowledge , and having fifty branches in different _parta of the country , whose members had numerously signed petitions in favour of that object , ho was compelled to protest against any movement calculated to injure that cause . He
wished the present committee success in getting tbe duty off paper , but the publie mind must not be diverted from attaining the whole of their demands . Mr . _Collett then went into tbe question of revenue , showing that , in a pecuniary view , the government would not suffer by abolishing the penny stamp , as an equal amount would be raised by the postage on unstamped newspapers . He also showed , by numerous instances , that the present law could not be carried out , and ended an argumentative and humorous speech by calling on Mr . Milner Gibson , the M . P . for Manchester , who was on the platform , and who moved the motion last session in the house , as to the course he would now adopt .
Mr . Milner Gibson , who was much applauded , stated , that he brought forward his motion for the abolition of all Taxes on Knowledge , upon the great principle that they were not a legitimate source of revenue ; he had also found , by experience , tbat tbe coarse to adopt was to ask sufficient and take what they could get . Lytton Bulwer , when in parliament , had moved for the repeal of them as a whole , and he believed by so doing that they would receive a greater amount of sympathy and support . In his opinion , the stamp on newspapers was ofthe
most importance to be repealed . He was for the eheap newspaper , If competition was good for the farmer it was good for the newspaper proprietor ; and he believed that at the bottom of the government opposition , was a feeling of opposition to the spread of Political and Social Knowledge . They might talk of the Free Press of England , but they would never have a Free Press until the stamp duty was abolished . If compelled to give a vote he roast vote for the amendment , Mr . EnwARns briefly addressed the meeting .
The CnAiRMAN expressed a desire that it would not be put as an amendment , but as an addition ; this being assented to , the amendment and original resolution were put to the meeting , and the addition of Messrs , Holyoake and Collett carried with only one dissentient . Mr . Brown moved , and Mr . seconded , a vote of thanks to the Chairman for his very impartial conduct , and the meeting separated .
The Proposed Conference. Mr. Editor,—I R...
THE PROPOSED CONFERENCE . Mr . Editor , —I refrain from giving an opinion as to tbe most proper time and place for convening the intended Conference ; tbat has been sufficiently expatiated upon , and it would have been well if ail had restricted their observations to the question at issue . A very acrimonious spirit has pervaded some of the articles written upon the subject , aud much extraneous and personal matter has been interwoven into the affair , calculated to injure the cause , and damage the People ' s Paper . I have this week received a number of letters showing that the writers think there has been more than enough of such matter , and expressing their determination io discontinue the Star , should Us pages be thus disgraced by columns of articles evincing a lack of that unity and brotherly love , which ougbt to be manifest among our ranks . Let not the enemy point , the finger of scorn at us , and exclaim , " See bow they hate one another . "
I implore the combatants to cease their strife j and I Leg of you to close the door against such angry feelings . Yours truly , Wm . Rider .
National Charter League. On Monday Eveni...
NATIONAL CHARTER LEAGUE . On Monday evening last the usual meeting of the council of this body was held atthe League rooms , when the president , Mr . M'Grath , occupied the chair . The ordinary general business having been accomplished , the president called attention to an able leading article , in the . S _^ of the 21 st ult , on the subject of tho Manchester Conference , when it was unanimously resolved ;— " That the secretary is instructed to transcribe said artiole in the minute book ofthe League , as it reflects the idea upon which the League itself is founded . " Mr . Doyle
then read from the Northern Star ofthe 28 th ult ., an address from the Manchester Council , ' containing a programme of business to be discussed at the approaching Conference ; when tbe thanks of the Council of the League were unanimously voted to the Manchester Chartists for the pertinacity with which this latter body adheres to their resolution of calling a Conference together . It was resolved that Mr , Reridall be requested to deliver his intended lecture on Secular Education , on Sunday evening next , in these rooms—Talford coffee-house , Farringdon-street—and that be commence at half-past WTvD o _' _clocK
National Association Of "United Trades, ...
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF "UNITED TRADES , T , S . _Duscomhe , Esq ., M . P ., President . Established ISIS . " fiai justitia . " "If it were possible for the working classes , hy combining among themselves , to raise , or keep up the general rate of wages , it need hardly be said that this would be a thing not to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced at * ' Stuart Mai .
The extraordinary termination of the dispute between the engine drivers of the northern division of the great North "Western railway and their wealthy and powerful employers , is suggestive of the most earnest and serious reflection of that importantbody of operatives , and of tbe working classes generally . Never was there a victory , by employers , more _signal or perfect . Never was there a powerful body of men , locally organised in considerable strength , so completely unprepared to cope with their giant antagonists . Never was there a more perfect absence of anything like fixed principles of action , or of an organised executive , armed with discretionary powers to deal with so simple , and , after all , scarcely important question . Here are the Railway Boards of Great Britain , the proprietors of the highways of tho country ,
they ' . have , as such , immense powers , and immense responsibilities . Tho public have a deep interest that the operations of railways should be conducted with steadiness and punctuality , and we think it cannot be reasonably supposed that one of the highways ofthe country could ever be permitted to be suddenly closed at the caprice of any board of directors , or of any body of operatives . It appears to us a matter , beyond question , that the passenger and goods traffic upon the principle highway , never can be permitted to be closed by any disputes between the proprietors of that highway and any portion of its operatives . We think if such a thing should over happen once it will never happen again . Sticklers as we are , and are pretty well known to be for the rights of labour , we have never contemplated , even in imagination , so inconsiderate and violent an exercise of a public right .
It " has struck us , from what we have seen or read of this affair , through the public press , that , had there been anything worthy of the name of an organisation existing among the engine drivers , that nothing could have been more easy than to have brought this dispute to a speedy and satisfactory arrangement , without the sli g htest angry feeling on either side , or without the slightest sacrifice of principle or interest . The national and common-sense compromise suggested by the mon of the Camden Town station , if offered before a strike was threatened , and prepared for , would , we think , have been accepted by tbe railway authorities , and the men ' s position strengthened , rather than weakened by the arrangement . It must be borne in mind that this was not a
question of wages , although we can readily imagine tbat a lurking desire may have existed to introduce and mix up a not very unreasonable proposition , in which the public are very materially concerned , with other arrangements in which they are not so materially concerned , whereby a future reduction of wages might be more readily effected . It appears to us to have been a capital blunder , on the part of the engine-drivers , not to have endeavoured to have separated the two questions . They were sure to have the public dead against them upon the one , and their full sympathies with
them upon tho other . It is not to be expected that the public will ever consent to have their power of locomotive upon the only roads which " are now practically open to them to depend upon the _eajTtice , either of a confederacy of railway proprietors or of railway operatives . Such a power would be denied , and properly so , to the government ; but , on the other hand , we think , tho public would be as little prone to trust their lives and property in the hands of a body of men , whose energies were enervated , or whoso attention was distracted by do mostic cares , created by the parsimony of any set of capitalists , however wealthy , or however
powerfill . As a general principle , we have no faith in strikes as & means of settling trade difficulties ; but if in any case we can coneeive strikes to be dangerous , and by all means to be avoided , it surely is in such important operations as the railways of this country . But it may be asked by those who do not thoroughly understand us— " Would you leave the railway - operatives at the mercy of such men as compose the railway shareholders of this country ? " God forbid ! for then would their position be , indeed , a hopeless one . But we would have the railway and all other classes of operatives as wise in their generation as their artful and unscrupulous employers .
We must again repeat our well worn argument" Give us , i National Organism of Labour , unmixed with any other " ism , " and we will emancipate the working _classos—first of all , industrially , and then , as a matter of course , and of necessity , socially and politically ; " and it is our cool opinion , that general liberty in this country is obtainable by no other means . It strikes us the whole question lies in a nutshell . Ifc is not simply Capital v . Labour ; but it is organised capital against unorganised _labour . It is immense confederacies and _aggregations of capital against individualised , isolated unities of labour . It is the organism of a pack of artillery against a sand hill . Labour simply wants organising and disciplining . It is necessary it should take up
a position , and entrench and fortify itself behind the panoply of its own native , inherent power . We say again , not only to the engine drivers , but to the engine makers , and all other trades who fancy themselves so powerful of themselves , all your trade aristocracies must follow the fortunes of birth and title aristocracies , outlive your strength and your glories , and sink to the position of tho ancient noblesse of France . The sans eulotte miners , weavers , and _stoekingers , who now in vain seek your alliance , may live to see you on the same level of wretchedness with themselves . Surely this is no very violent or improbable assumption . Who that reads the prophetic page of to-day , cannot from its pregnant signs foreshadow the offspring of the future . Who cannot see that the constantly accumulating aggregations of manufacturing capital acting
constantly upon the popular shibboleth— " buy in the cheapest market , and sell in the dearest "—iB with true ogre-like appotite , devouring , as Mr . Muntz says , each its farmer a day , with a few handloom weavers and woolcombers , by way of desert ; having made mince-meat of them , will presently fall tooth and nail upon the hitherto unapproachable favoured sons of toil , and thus give them a striking example of the law of natural equality . Yes ! of a verity , this , and much more than this , will surely come to pass , unless the most intelligent and noblest of labour ' s sons imitate the chivalry of my Lord Grey , and vow in the face , of their countrymen , "to stand by tbeir order . " Let us imitate the example sot us by our oppressorslet us also cherish that love of class—let us copy tbat cspritdu corps , which makes an injury inflicted upon the meanest an injury to the highest , and to all .
Until this perfect unity of interest can be created it is in vain to look for labour ' s independence . Its future history as its past , will be a long catalogue of rashly conceived , badly conducted , and fatally terminating strikes , with nothing to send their remembrance down even to the next generation , but the enormous sums of money that were squandered , and the enormous mass of misery that was engendered in their progress , without the slightest benefit in the world to tnofe who dared this so nobly , yet so unwisely , in defence of their rights . National Organisation , the one and only road to National
Regeneration . That is the motto we will inscribe upon our banner ; and to borrow Mr . Edward Perry ' s grand , eloquent swagger , " we _vt ill hoist our flag , and nail it to the mast . " And we think poor Mr . Perry would as soon look upon a veritable post , as upon tbat imaginary faded piece of bunting , which , in the intoxication of his fancied power , he swore to us he never would strike . He has not struck it , and what remains of it flutters over the fallen fortune and honours of the family _. The latest news from Wolverhampton will , wo believe , be interesting to our friends aud members .
On tbe 30 th of December a meeting was held at the request of certain Frenchmen in the employ oi the brothers , E . and G . Perry , at which Mr . Green , of tbe Central Committee , accompanied by their solicitor , Mr . Bartlett , and certain members of the Tinplate Workers' Society , attended to hear a statement from these deeply injured foreigners . Sixteen out of nineteen of the French Tinmen ( who had been imported for the purpose of enabling the Perrys to heat down British labour ) attended , accompanied hy Mr . Mayo , interpreter , who wade the following statement on behalf of the unfortunate Frenchmen : —They set out by saying they had been most grossly deceived by Mr . G . Perry , that they found it impossible to live upon his terms , ahd that they hoped tbeir English brethren would assist
them in returning to their own country—tbat , if it were possible , they were resolved to leave to a man . They said tbat Mr , George Henry Perry came to a manufactory in France , and , through a Pole , who I could Bpeak a little English , told them that he wanted a number of men to get up work in the French stile , for exportation to the four quarters of the globe ; and , in answer to a question , he assured them ( of course , upon his honour ) that there was no strike in the case . He subsequently engaged two gentlemen interpreters , with a view , we suppose , of a more animated and general conversation . By these persons the Perry ' s manufactory was represented as an English California . They were told tbey could earn 60 s . per week , immediately , and that some of his men were earning £ i and £ 5 per week . Thus fascinated by _falBe and artful cunning they were bit . Perry then , to bind tbe bargain , j _» nt wh of them florae money to
National Association Of "United Trades, ...
make little preparations for their journey ; he then told them he had no security for the cash he had advanced ; ho was informed that they had no doposits they could make except their passports and their books—these latter being , it appears , to French workmen a thing of immense importance , containing their character , which they havo to got signed by their last employer , and endorsed by the Prefect or Mayor ofthe arromlisemcnt , before they can get any other employment . No doubt Perry had been put up to this hy M «* _sieurs—the gentlemen interpreters . He then took them to first-rate houses (?) and treated them with the best of everything . They , poor fellows , believed that all he had told them was true , and they came
away with him , with light hearts , to the Wolverhampton tin diggins . But , on their arrival , their suspicions were soon awakened by the feverish anxiety he evinced to induce them to sign agreements . They asked for time to consider , but that was a rather dangerous request for him to accede to : they were compelled to sign , there and then , before thev left the shop , each an agreement , as tbey understood , for six months , to havo twenty-five shiU ling 3 per week for the first three weeks , just to got their hand in , and then to go upon piece-work . Tho three weeks are expired , and they have had a fair trial at piece-work upon Mr . G . Perry ' s prices , and they complain they cannot get near a living , and beg to get released , if it is possible , from tbeir
engagements . The above particulars applies to the first eight that were imported . There are , however eleven more , a joint-stock venture between the two brothers , Edward and George , tho twin ex-Town Councillors of St . John ' s and St . Paul ' s . Tilts latter lot , on their arrival , were informed by their friends of the true position of affairs : they positively refused signing any agreement . They were to have twenty-five shillings a week until Christmas , and then to have all they would earn " at the diggins . " But they have sent in notice , that from Christmas they shall require six shillings per day ; to this the Perrys demur , and tell them to work
and pay half they owe , and then to go about their business . They have , by way of a rejoinder to this generous proposal , authorised a solicitor to try if they cannot compel Mr . Perry to restore to them their books and passports , and leave that person to sue them for any money he may have advanced in tho French Courts , where the debt—if debt it bewas contracted . The eight poor fellows will also endeavour to get the magistrate to cancel tbeir agreements for covin and fraud ; and if that succeeds , they will , to a man , be glad to return to Paris , and leave the " Perryan" " diggins" and all their auriferous glories to the " rats , " and such like vermin .
We hope that this is the last scene of the last act of a most disgraceful drama ; but we trust that in this case the denouncement will show truth and right triumphant , chicanary and fraud discomfited and disgraced , and held up as a warning to future evil doers , William Peel , secretary . 259 , Tottenham Court-road .
Surrey Sessions. Robbing Railway Passeng...
SURREY SESSIONS . Robbing Railway Passengers , —John Piatt , 30 , was indicted for stealing a purse containing six and sevenpence from Ann Barthop , and a purse containing 30 s . from Mr . Rankin , on the platform of the Brighton Railway station , London Bridge terminus . —Mr . Charnock intimated to the court that the prisoner would throw himself on their mercy by pleading guilty to the offences . He was instructed to say that the prisoner had followed » respectable tra _' de at Liverpool , prior to this unfortunate occurrence . He was a shipwright , and for many years belonged to the Liverpool
_Shipwrights Association , which could be proved by the card of membership found on him , and an authorized document signed by upwards of a hundred members of the society giving him an excellent character . —W . Castles , the superintendent of the railway-station , said that he saw the prisoner with a well-dressed lad on the platform just as the train came in . Having some suspicions about them , he watched them at a little distance , and saw the lad steal a purse from a lady and hand it to the prisoner . He instantly seized hold of the latter , and found two purses in his hand , and while securing him the youth escaped . The two ladies then came up , and told him they had been robbed , and identified the nurses and contents as their
property . —The chairman said the prisoner's conduct had been extremely had in training up youths to thieve , consequently the court felt bound to pass a heavy sentence on him as an example to others . He having heen in good circumstances made his case worse , as he ought to have known better ; therefore the sentence of the court was that he be transported for ten years . Just as the sentence was passed considerable confusion took place in court , owing to two females ( supposed to be the prisoner ' s mother and his wife ) screaming in a dreadful m » nncr , _calling for mercy . It required the united exertions of several officers to remove them from the court , and the business was stopped for some time .
Intended Harhoub At Brighton.—In Our Las...
Intended _Harhoub at Brighton . —In our last number we noticed the intended floating harbour at Brighton _, after the plan of Mr . W . H . Smith . We have received a letter from a gentleman who is well known to us , in which ho informs us that he is the inventor of a floating breakwater , which in some important particulars bears a great resemblance to Mr . Smith ' s . He does not insinuate that his breakwater furnished Mr . Smith with the idea for his ; though he regards it as possible that it may , as his ( our correspondent ' s ) became well known to several persons some four or five years ago , and about the same time he deposited a model of it at the Admiralty , where it has remained ever since , and where it may , possibly , have been seen by hundreds . At the time our correspondent submitted his breakwater to the Admiralty , it was understood that tbe government intended to erect floating breakwaters all round the coasts of Great
Britain and Ireland ; but a change of ministry taking place soon after , and it appearing that the new admistration did not mean to carry out the project of their predecessors , our correspondent gave himself no further trouble about his breakwater . The erection of floating breakwaters being , however , again talked of , he considers that he ought to draw publio attention to bis ; believing that for efficiency , durability , and cheapness , it is vastly superior to any floating breakwater that either has been or will be thought of , and of that opinion are skillful and scientific friends of his ; to say nothing of the favourable opinion the Admiralty seemed to entertain of it . If floating breakwaters are to be erected , either at Brighton or elsewhere , those who may be interested in them , must , of course , wish them to he on the best principle ; as our correspondent ' s may possibly bo the best , we deem it right to call public attention to it . Dog Training in Munich . —One afternoon J . told
me that she heard a tremendous noise , tbe shouts and screams of a man , and the terrific howling and yelling of a dog . Out darted the gentleman from the studio , and out rushed J ., and there in the large adjoining field , through the mud—for there had been a heavy fall of snow—a man raced along , pursued by an enormous dog , the fiercest brute imaginable ; it sprang upon bim , it tore him , it shook him by the hair of his head , it dragged him along the ground , the man screaming and the dog howling ! Then they were up again , and careering round and round the field , man and dog , like wild beasts . J . was horrified beyond words , and to J . ' s indescribable indignation the gentleman looked quietly on and smiled . What could it
mean ? To her it seemed a fearful murder . But no ! it waB the only training of a watch-dog ; iind a very frightful business it must have been although very grand to witness , the gentleman declared . The man was all bound up , so that the dog could not possibly injure him materially ; but his head and face , with tbeir frightful bandages , ' suggested no other idea than that of wounds , which made him look all the more dreadful . These fierce dogs , thustrainod , are necessary as security against robbers ; many people keep them ; there are two at the studio , but I have noticed nothing very ferocious about them . Hore this mode of training dogs is not at all unusual , although the trade 1 should think is not particularly agreeable . —Dickens ' s " Household Words .
Curious Custom . —In 1833 the late Record Commissioners issued circular questions to the municipal corporations of England and Wales , requesting various information ; among such questions was the following : — " Do any remarkable customs prevail , or have any remarkable customs prevailed within memory , in relation to the ceremonies accompanying the choice of corporate officers , annual processions , feasts , 4 c , not , noticed in the printed histories or accounts of your borough ? Describe them , if there be such . " To this question the borough of Chippenham , Wilts , replied as follows : — " The corporation din « together twice a year , and _vav for it
themselves . " '—Notes and Queries , " Steam * boat Building in tub United [ States . — The annual report of commerce and navigation gives the following aggregate of the number of steam-boats built in the United States since 1 S 24 _, _twenty-five years , in periods of five years each : — From 1824 to 1829 , 194 ; from 1829 to 1834 , 304 ; from 1834 to 1839 , 504 ; ' from 1839 to 1844 , 522 ; from 1844 to 1849 969 ; total , 2 , 492 . Two-tbirds of these are built in the west , _one-sixthof them in Ohio . The largest number of steamers built at one place are built in Pittsburg , and its neighbourhood . —Neiv York Commercial Advertiser .
It ArPEABS from an official return that between six and seven tbousand head of cattle were slaughtered in Liverpool for the supply of the Christmas market in that borough , The Splendid Romon Park Estate , near Birmingham , for a long period the property of the Noels , of Worcestershire , has just been purchased by Ut . _Gillot , tto steel-pen maker , for £ W , 000 ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 4, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_04011851/page/5/
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