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TO THE WORKING GLASSES.
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^ch plcasure as workingforyou. ^*^ * ™J ...
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TO THE IMPERIAL GHARTISTS. "Mr Dear Fmej...
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Character or tue 1'aksoss bt the " Times...
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AM) NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL.
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VOL. X. NO. 438- LONDON, SATOKDAY, APRIL...
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IHE POLISH INSURRECTION. The following e...
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LIBERTY FOR POLAND. A numerous and respe...
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TESTIMONIAL TO T. S. DUNCOMBE, ESQ. Ther...
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Stats or Trade in Bbadfohd.—The introiiu...
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C&aitfet Iitteuigfttcc.
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LONDON. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE TO TOE M...
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Eibcctios at Lbickstbb,—The unfortunate ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
To The Working Glasses.
TO THE WORKING GLASSES .
^Ch Plcasure As Workingforyou. ^*^ * ™J ...
_^ ch _plcasure _as _workingforyou . _^*^ _* ™ J _S scarckofa _^ table _spol _^ rcsonic e _^ our ordc m _«* _* * . _* _s 3 t ass . know of yon , aud the more 1 *»<* _amines _i _^ V _^ j _^ _to _* _^" _*^^ folly of expectuig any thing _& r you from them , hencelcometo the conclusion , that _**««»» be done , must be done by yourselves . I shall now detail for you briefly what I have been doing since Saturday last . On Saturday Heft Londonto inspect the land to be sold at Bawtry , concerning which 1 ot
have before written . I shall despatch this portion jbv subject very Mefly . Yesterday 1 spent luUy _fliVce hours in traversing the land in question 1 Had a man with me with a spade . As I was on the , spot , I went through the ceremony of trying the Quality ofthe land , but had it *« . _« _" » . *<* _&™ not hare purchased it ; and fortius simple reason , _kgcaase it is too far from any market for spare labour , or for produce in a retail or profitable shape _, j * is ten miles from Doneaster , the nearest market , and very , very bleak . With , the tenant rights , the purchase would be about £ S , 3 _< J 0 , and I would not take it for ourjmrpose at a gift ; so no more of that . 7 am now on my way to Carlisle , to inspect 104 acres
_sf land of great promise , which is to be had a bargain ' , about this land more in my next . I will not purchase it if I cannot make a good bargain . It is now nearly twelve o ' clock . I have been in company _vith Martin Jude , gaining useful knowledge from him for two hours , otherwise I should Live written a longer letter . In my next I shall speak very folly ef onr prospects and my recent tour , from which I have learned much . Cobden's few remarks upon the coqnettiug of Sir Robert Peel , tells me that we must be prepared for action . Believe me , that the League will spring np again during the Easter recess ; and , thank God , . Manchester and the manufacturing districts will be occupied during that time by the "wliule armvof observation . Cobden , O'Connell , and Russell
are now scheming how to oust Peel , and get posses sion of the government ; and for the one-hundredth fone I tell you , that I would rather submit to the worst military despotism than to the rule of Cobden , O'Connell , and Russell . The ball is now up , and wc must kick it ; we must not allow the oppressor to have it all his own way . When we are all at Manchester next week , we must lay the foundation-stone of more than one building—we must try to lay the foundation of the working man ' s future happiness I assure you I anticipate more from this our Land project , than I can possibly explain to you in the limits of a letter . Next Saturday I shall address you at considerable length , and till then , Believe me your faithful Friend and Servant , _Fubsto O'Cosso ** .
P . S . —While my thoughts are directed to the great question of national regeneration , I cannot divest my mind of individual suffering . _Now , I believe Dixon to be as good a man as any in our movement ; and as I am too poor to assist him myself , or from m own purse , this is to give you notice , that on Saturday , April 11 th , I will lecture for his benefit at the Hall of Science , or anywhere that Ms friends wish—the whole proceeds to go to him . Subject , " Ireland—her grievances and remedies ; the Irishtheir oppressors andhopes . " Admission , to the body of the hall and gallery 2 d ., platform 4 d . ; and if my countrymen intend to fight instead of hearing , they are requested to give me _tivt hours' notise . "Seweast ie , Tuesday "Night . F . O'G .
To The Imperial Ghartists. "Mr Dear Fmej...
TO THE IMPERIAL GHARTISTS . "Mr Dear _Fmej-ds , —I am just about to start with our friend J . Arthur to inspect 16 * 1 acres of freehold property , to be sold , I am told , in a most splendid part of the coantry , and then I propose taking a trip to Cheshire , on the borders of Lancashire , where some good land is advertised for sale . I am induced to visit this Cumberland property from the information I have received of its _euitableness for our purposes , and to keep it for s second ballot shortly , _pml'inir _ pufchasfiin _Lancashire or on the borders , for immediate use . Now , allow me to direct your attention to a subject of even more importance to as , as a political party , than the Land itself—I mean the proposed measure o f
COERCION , offered as a boon to Ireland . One of the great impediments in our way has ever been the cry that the English Chartists were either enemies to , or indifferent about , the sufferings of my countrymen . Now an opportunity presente itself of giving a flat and nnmiitakeable denial to this foul and malicious assertion , so indttstriously propagated . THREE OR FOUR MILLIONS OF CHARTIST SIGNATURES , to a manly remonstrance against the BLOODT SILL , would speak home to the Irish heart , and would be an answer to our revilers . "We can get that number up during the Easter recess , and
if Mr . O'Connell were able to meet the SAXON PARLIAMENT on the second reading of this TREASONABLE BILL , with four millions of English petitioners remonstrating against the measure , how could the press or oar enemies withhold _t __ great FACT from our Irish brethren . I would recommend every single petition to be sent direct to Mr . O'Connell himself , and he will take care to chronicle the numbers . Already has J . Arthur undertaken to pledge for Carlisle and neighbourhood . Can yon read *; of the inhuman murders perpetrated by the destroying _Gerrards , without raising your voices against sueh wholesale butcher *}*; and can you
reconcile to yourselves the injustice of making it a transportable offence for a man to be out of his house an hour before sun-set ? We have long laboured to convince the Irish people that the Chartists were their best friends ; we have now a golden opportunity , and shall we allow it to pass without improving it ? Never mind our difference with Mr . O'Connell , or his abuse of the English Chartistswe have no cause of difference with the Irish People . Let us convince them of that fact . On Saturday , April 11 th , I shall be prepared to submit a remonstrance te the people of Manchester , which will be published in the Star of that day . Let signatures
be procured in the meantime ; and if the Irish in England do their duty , as I have reason to believe the English Chartists will do theirs , the remonstrance should be carried to the door ef the House as the giant petition was , escorted by hundreds of thousands of Englishmen and Irishmen—I will make one . Do not be led astray by the saudling cry ofthe Pkesbkvatiox of Life . I tell yoa , that for every life this bill ia meant to preserve , thousands upon thousands are murdered by those whose safety is always the especial care of our government . If you have read the article in last week ' s Star upon Ireland , and if you have read the limes of Tuesday , you wili find
that the picture I drew has been heightened by EVEN that journal . Are famishing Irishmen to be sacrificed , while a party professing the highest feelings of justice looks tamely on ? No ; justice , nature , andnatnre ' _sGodjforbidit ! Let us np , then , like one man , and humpix upon the kpebsai moxsteb . Believe me , we can do it ; and thus unite the Irish people to us by the strongest ties of affection . J . Arthur has just seat the drum sad fife to beat up fer a meeting to-night npon Ireland and ihe Land , and
a remonstrance ; so that we are the first io move , all England and Scotlasd will follow . Get 3 , 000 , 000 of signatures , and a glorious procession to the House , and England and Ibglakd are for ever Csiied ! We meet for Poland , wht sot tor Ireland ? We meet for England , wht kot for Irelasd ? We crushed the MASTERS' COERCION BILL for English labour , why not crush the _TIRAHTS ' COERCION BILL for Ireland ? Believe me , if we lose the opportunity we shall receive the reward of onr indifference in increased hostility . LET US
UP AND DO IT ! Ever your faithful Servant , _Frargts _O'Coxkoh . Carlisle , Wednesday .
Character Or Tue 1'Aksoss Bt The " Times...
Character or tue 1 _' aksoss bt the " Times . " "Many recent cases have unhappily shown us that members of the clerical profession can be depraved and infamous ; but the action tried on the Home Circuit on Monday proves that tliey can also be mean , _roguish , and contemptible . From the _gravest enormities to the pettiest frauds—from the highest crime to the lowest cunning—from incest , adultery , uud cruf ' tv , fo avarice , chicanery , ami _tdanu . r , ire find ihe ministers of ihe Church _Mki-ding the wursl and most flagrant iustanc-s of the vices wa have lAiiued . —' fharsd ' wi April 2 .
Am) National Trades' Journal.
AM ) NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .
Vol. X. No. 438- London, Satokday, April...
VOL . X . NO . 438- LONDON , SATOKDAY , APRIL 4 , 1846 . _m-swE _^ _V _?™* - I " 1 _wftiMiHgg nn « i Six-pence per Quarter
Ihe Polish Insurrection. The Following E...
IHE POLISH INSURRECTION . The following extracts are from a letter written by a lady ot rank in Posen , and addressed to a friend in this country : — Posen , March 9 . Mv _Dbau , —Since I wrote last we have suffered much and severely , and are still uucertaiu what may await us . Yoa hare probably learned from the publie payors that our anxious anticipations of a revolution were eontinually augmenting . The government was as much awalec to the symptoms as ourselves , and at three different periods innumerable arrests have taken p lace , each serving to exasperate yet more the youthful portion of our population , who believed that their turn to revolt was come , for more than fifteen years cannot pass without a new generation ' s renewing the attempts in which their parents
have hitherto failed . Ou r youth have beeu always the first to rise , and now , more than ever , it has been the very yonng who have insisted on making the attempt . _^ In vain the rational refused to take part with , tliem , saying , "It is impossible—this is not the moment—let us w « t , " —they conld not understand this _language , nnd their plans were arranged , extending to eTery part of ancient _Toland : it is even said ( and it is the enemy who say it ) that their measures were well concerted . But the Russian police got scent of these plans , and revealed the whole to the Prussian government , in consequence of which , such enormous numbers " were arref ted that no movement took place here . But it had been arranged that the revolution shsuld commence verywhere on the
same day—at Cracow , where the government had not been forewarned as it was here , the Austrians on duty in the town were driven out—everything was done in the most admirable order , and with extreme mildness . Excepting that the Russian and Austrian eagles _werejbroken and trampled in the dirt , no kind of violence was committed , nor any spirit of revenge shown , though God knows , the _provocation of long years of oppression was not wanting . Those who desired to leave Cracow were at liberty to do so , and a guard even was given to the Prussian Consul who remained in tbe town . Tbe provisional government was formed of _respectable and moderate persons , and not a drop of blood was shed , for the Austrians , as usual , fled as soon as they perceived the probability of danger .
In Gallicia things have taken a most melancholy turn . During tbe fifty years that Gallicia has belonged to the Austrians , tiuy have done all in their power to persuade the people that it had always formed n part of Austriathat Poland had obtained possession of it for some years , and that those year * had been vary unhappy for the country—that the Poles were their enemies , and always treated them as a conquered people , and tbat since Austria had repossessed herself of Gallicia , the inhabitants were far more happy , and ought to bless their adorable sovereign and his government . You , wbo have so long resided there , know how adorable they are , and how happy tbe people ; but it is not difficult to persuade those who have no means of knowing better , that things are much worse elsewhere . When the revolution of
Cracow broke out , tke government in Gallicia took the alarm , and formed guards of safety , composed of the peasants , to whom arms were given , and on the first indication uf revolt ( seme horses being taken by force from a postmaster ) , a reward of ten florins good money Oquivalent to £ 1 sterling ) , was promised for every insurgent , living or dead , who should "be given up to the Austrian authorities . Tbe spies and _agents of the Austrian government then played their part , intoxicating _thepeasants , in order to produce in them the propar degree of excitement , and thus inducing them to massacre some individuals who attempted to defend themselves . The promised reward for these bodies having been paid , and the pillage ef their houses tolerated , the peasants attacked all tbey met in the streets , on the public roads , and even in the houses , and a herrible massacre took place .
The troops of the republic of Cracow had repaired to Gallicia , intending to join the resolution which was to have Begun simultaneously with that of Cracow but they were met by Austrian regiments far more numerous than themselves , and receiving no aid from the inhabitants , whs had been already massacred , they were defeated , | and mostly cut to pieces by the excited peasants , the Austrian authorities continuing to pay for every dead body brought io , and tlie Austrian troops looking on , without endeavouring to prevent any of these horrors . I feel , while writing these details , that you will have difficulty in Deliering them , and that these to whom they are related must suppose them te be exaggerated , but my husband has just arrived from Gallicia , having performed a part of the journey in company with the Vice-President of that province ( indeed , it would have been impossible at that moment to have travelled otherwise ) , and the Vice-President told him that in the whole circle of Tarnow there were not more than three or four proprietors
who had escaped the massacre . You may imagine in what a state wa have been . When my husband arrived here , advantage was taken of his name to spread the report that he had returned from Gallicia , where he had been to commence the revolution , that it had broken out everywhere , that it was quite time to brgin it here , and that it was disgraceful that the government should have so easily succeeded in suppressing it at Posen . Many poor dupes believed this , and an attempted attack on Posen was the consequence ; but having neither chief nor plan , and with many spies among their number , _tfeey naturally failed—some were killed , many arrested , and among them several people in the employ of my husband , which led to the belief tbat he was concerned in it . Here , then , was fresh cause for anxiety—a prison awaited him , and for some days we were every moment expecting him to be arrested ; tbis , however , tormented me less than the rest , for , as he positively had nothing to do with it , I had no doubt the truth would soon be evident , and it appears that it is so , for he has not been molested .
The students of the college here being suspected , orders were given to four of the masters te visit thenhomes , and search for arms and other proofs . This , which is the business of tbe ageuts of police , the masters very properly refused to do , therefore the college has been closed , it is said for six weeks , bnt some think altogether . A second college ai Tzemasnie is also closed , because suspicions have been awakened as to the fidelity of tbe pupils to the principles there inculcated . This is a great calamity . The _goverameat is now pursuing a system of petty prosecutions , with demonstrations of hatred aad
| revenge towards the entire province , and even towards individuals in no way connected with the late movements , which appear to me very dangerous and ill-advised , for they tend to exasperate those who are most disposed to remain quiet . It is said tbat the people in the kingdom ( _fiussian Poland ) are beginning to ri 6 e ; but we have no positive news , all are intercepted . God knows how it will end . You may conceive that , in such a state of things , it is difficult to find tine for letter , writing . Our habitual occupations are not diminished ; many new duties added ; and , as you may suppose , our condition , both soul and body , is deplorable .
The children do write , but sometimes their young imaginations lead them to represent things in a manner that makes it impossible to stnd their letters , the impressions of the moment ( often terrible ) inducing them to form judgments which I should be serry to transmit to England . Sometimes their letters are not of a nature to be sent to the post , and the difficulties I make about sending their letters discourage them from writing . Seme have only waited a word of explanation from me , which I have not found a moment to add , and others have been despatched , but I perceive have never reached yon . Do not be uneasy about our persons — nothing will itappen to them . Tha town is fortified and _gaardvd by | such an immense number of troops , that it would be
madness to attack it . The failure of the first attempt has discouraged the most enterprising . If further efforts are made , it will be anywhere rather than Posen , so that we are exposed to no risk but as to our poor countryentreat of God to have pity on us , for we aro very wretched . We have tbis moment read in the _Gosette ot Warsaw , that the Russians have sent to Cracow their most barbarous troops , Cossacks , Mussulmans , and Circassians to exterminate the insurgents . In Gallicia , Ae peasants will scarcely have completed their massacres , when they wiU in their turn be punished by death for what they are now paid to do . We aremo 6 t unfortunate ! Our governments say openly , "We thought we had crushed you long ago , but since you still live , we will soon find means to exterminate you !"
What can I add to this sad letter ! - _» that , thank God , we still lire J—it is eren difficult to say , thank God , while we live onl y to witness such horrors . Adieu , pray for us ! I add yet a word to tell youths hut news from Berlin . The province of Posen is regarded as in a state of war , and the town as in a state of _siege—nearly unlimited power is given to the military authorities , with the right of _condemning to death without reference to the King . Tho quantity of troops that have arrived is inconceivable , and they are to be maintained at tbe cost of those who are under arrest , their entire property will not suffice , for though some are rich , there are many who have nothing . A third college at Oitrow is to be closed to-morrow . Our misfortunes increase every hour . The Jews are tbe most zealous allies ofthe Prussians ; it is they who denounce the Poles , and _wha guide the Prussians in their researches , rejoicing openly in our misfortunes .
The following circular has been addressed by Prince Paskeiwitsch to the Russian Ministers accredited to foreign Courts , under date the 18 th of March 1 S 1 G : — His _Majcuty the Emperor having been informed of the armed attempt committed atSicdlec , and of the revolts that had broken out at Cracow , in Gallicia , and _Posuania , has addressed an imperial ukase to the _Hirecting Senate , declaring the kingdom of Poland and thu Governments of > olhyuia and Vodulia iu a statu ot " sk « 'e . On the other band , no movement * ! , * , occurred in the kingdom since the last despatch I ha * the honour of addressing to you , Gallicia is being _Reified , aud _tiucc the
Ihe Polish Insurrection. The Following E...
attack directed against Posen , order has not been materially disturbed in the grand duchy . I have thought proper , sir , to forward to you this information , to enable you to contradict the erroneous accounts circulated by foreign journals . . The three assassins of Siedlec have suffered capital punishment . The penalty of two ofthe instigators of the revolt , who , however , shed no blood , has been commuted iuto transportation and hard labour in the mines . May these instances of the speedy punishment of crime prevent the renewal of attempts calculated to compromise the fate of entire populations .
The country people , that is , the mass of the inhabitants , proved themselves everywhere faithful to the government , and resisted the seductions held out to them . The peasants , guided by their good sense , apprehended and conducted to tiie authorities all straugers who presented themselves to them without passports or regular pipers , and were guilty of no excesses towards them . Tub Pbince of _Wassaw , FiuwrrE _** _- _** of Gaujcu . — -There is a report current that on the 13 th March , at seven a . m ., the tivo principal emissaries of the Polish propaganda , _Theophilus _Wiszniowsky ( called also Zagorky ) and Edward Dembrowski ( or Borkowski ) were conducted under
strong escort to Lemberg . The latter headed the insurgents in the skirmish with the Hussars on the 2 lst of February , near Nardiow , in the district of Brzezneza . The government had offered a reward of 1 , 000 florins ( £ 100 ) for the arrest of either of them . _tViszniowsky was arrested by two peasants of Manaiow , who discovered the fugitive in a hay-loft , lie was in the disguise ofa priest ; had shaved off iiis beard aud made a tonsure on Wis head . He gave his name as Lipinski , saying he had lied from Russia on account of religious persecution . It is hoped that some light will be thrown upon the conspiracy by the arrest of these persons . The old castle of John Sobiesky has been converted into a . prison .
The Archduke Ferdinand has proceeded from Lemberg to Tarnow . He is endeavouring to suppress the ardour of the peasantry . The chiefs ot the different districts are doing all they can to put a stop to the tragic scenes which aro still continued , but it is difficult to place the bit in the mouth of an unbridled populace . The government has named different provisional delegates in tbe district of Tarnow to manage the political affairs . In one district where the most dreadful social disorganisation reigned , scarcely eight gentlemen were left alive . The number of ? muraers committed exceeds 300 . The castles are burnt , and the lands laid waste . The number ot persons arrested is immense . Martial law is established all through Gallicia . Troops arrive from all quarters . _Posnx , March 17 . —The town is quiet . The
sentences of the prisoners will be pronounced in eight or ten days . Any persons attempting a new outbreak will be brought before a _P-wncil of war , and sentence pronounced within twenty-four hours . Persons condemned to death may appeal to the royal clemency . The Gallician peasants repaired to Cracow to sell the jewels and other valuable objects they had robbed , with the sanction of the Austrian authorities . Count _Dsikow , with seventeen of his dependents , had valiantly defended himself in his chateau during three days and three nights , and ultimately forced the peasants to raise the siege . The following proclamations , signed by the Emperor Ferdinand , have been published at Vienna . The first is a , letter addressed to the Archduke , Governor ofthe Province : —
Mv dear Cousin , —Daring the last disturbances of Gallicia my loyal functionaries and servants in that coantry distinguished themselves by their presence of wind and their fidelity to accomplish their duties . They have acquired thereby rights to my satisfaction , which I acknowledge by the present . _Flkdinakd . Vienna , March 12 , 1 S 16 . Mr Paithicl Galhciass , —Wchave had te undergo severe trials during the List few weeks . A conspiracy , which was got up abroad by the enemies of order and public tranquillity , has penetrated into my kingdom of Gallicia . You have succeeded in discovering soma of the guilty parties who nourished the absurd hope of entangling you in their criminal projects . For the purpose of seducing yon they resorted to all kinds of artifices , to promises of every description , and they did not even hesitate to call to tbeir aid tbe most sacred sentiments .
Tour fidelity , your uprightness , have rendered their attempts of noa-effect . When the conspiracy broke out , when the insurgents , with imprudent boldness , unfolded the revolutionary flag , they were at once disheartened by the bold resistance which they met with on all sides . My heart longs to thank my well-beloved _Gallicians for their loyalty aad unshaken fidelity to their _sovereign . Your devotedness , your desire te maintain public order inviolate , havs led you to pursue this course ; and now that the projects of the enemies of public order have ended in their own ruin , you will return to y _« ur ordinary occupations , you will _preve , in short , by the rigid perfermance of yeur duty as subjects , tbat if you know honto fight fer the maintenance of the laws , you _likewise know how to respect them by your obedienco and submission to them . _Febdi . nand . Tienna , March 12 , 1810 . The following is an extract from a letter from Lemberg , dated the 17 th March : —
In the distriet of Tarnow only six landowners escaped the general massacre ; being well acquainted with M . Breinal , the chief magistrate of the district , they were warned , and sought refuge with their families in the town of Tarnow , under the protection of the Austrian troops . The fine lands of Gorky and Glluy , belonging to the Princess de Ligne , wife of the Belgian ambassador at Paris , Princess _Lubomirska by birth , have been entirely laid waste ; nearly all her servants have been murdered . The castle of the Prince , whieh is within cannon-sliet of Tarnow , escaped owing to its being _eccupied by Austrian troops . The castle of Baranow , on the borders of the Vistula , the property of Count Karasicki , rich In historical events , and dear to the memory of every Pole , was
sacked , as well as the castles of _Subiecko and Meadrzychow . The last , ene of the finest in Gallicia , is the property of Countess Arthur Potocka . On certain occasions the _peasants acted in a manner which seemed to imply that they blindly ebeyed some high and unrelenting command . When they surrounded the castle of Count Kotarski , the count , who had always acted as a father towards them , wished to persuade them to abstain from their horrible conduct . They listened to bim , and answered him coldly that he must prepare to die . He entreated them to allow him time to die as a good Christian ; tbey consented , and even sent themselves for the village priests . As soon as this worthy citizen , who was beloved by the whole province , had made his confession lo the priect , they dispatched him with their daggers .
At the present moment , armed bands of peasants scour the country and burn and pillage . The government will , no doubt , take measures to stop these atrocities ; but , as yet , none of the peasants hare been arrested . The daring of the peasants is increased , as they think that tliey will be rewarded by the government . Cracow , 22 _sd MAncn . —Since the 21 st , no women are allowed to go from Podgorze to Cracow without a permission from the police , with the exception of the market-women . All the peasants who enter are searched . These latter have changed a quantity of notes , from 10 to 100 florins ( £ 1 to £ 10 ) , ignorant of their value . They state that tbey have received the rates from the Austrian authorities as payment for the heads of the nobles , but it is equally probable
that they hare been stolen . The news from Gallicia is still anything but satisfactory . Excitement has not subsided at Lemberg . It is reported that Miroslowski has escaped from prison . Poses . —It is difficult to express the feeling which pervades at Posen , owing to the executions which took place in Poland . The Poles are furious at the manner of death inflicted by hanging . It is said that Panteleon Potooki , who was sentenced to death , has been poisoned in his prison . Otherexecutions are expected to follow . The Russian government , now that banishment is so common an occurrence , do not deem it efficient enough for striking terror mto the publie mind . At Posen great _excitements prevails . The number of prisoners amounts to oOuY An officer in the Belgian service has been arrested . The persons who w * re arrested on the Mth have been sent to
SoIembourg , near Kustnn . Count Dzialynski has been set atliberty . . The following is a list of the persons of rank arrested at Posen : —The CountsConstantinand lgnatz Brunski , "Wadislas Lonski , Severin Miclsynski ; MM . Pius Arnold , Alphonse de Bealkowsky , de Bialos Korski , retired lieutenant in tlie Prussian service , Stanislas de Bicsiekierski , formerly colonel in the Polish service , Bribrowioz , Alex , de Brudzewski , Arthur Berewinski , author ( theso two latter were arrested in Austria ) , Bronislau de _Itombrowski , de Gonsiorowski ( physician ) , Alex , de Gutray , the brothers Andreas Valentin and Stanislas de Jelowiezki , Jaukowski , and Wadislas de _Kosinski , retired lieutenant in the Prussian service . Tlie ecclesiastics belonging to tho archi-episcopal seminary have been released .
Noble Expression of Sympathy bt the Germans is Paius . —We learn lrom the German Pilot , published in Paris , that the sum of 5120 francs has been subscribed by 3700 German triends of Poland , in aid of the brave people of that country . Paris , Saturday . " According to one ofthe German newspapers , it would . appear , " says tiie National , " that the three powers are going to address a note to the _bj-c-iich Cabinet res-pectins the right oi' asylum . They have taken in earnest the famous expression of M . Guizot
Ihe Polish Insurrection. The Following E...
* Franc ' _ev-sught not to become tho den of conspirators . ' They _wStconseqiiently demand tbat hospitality be refused to " those Poles who arc proud of the name ol insurgents—proud of their endeavours to excite their countrymen to exertion— proud of their glorious attempt to throw off the yoke of the oppressor—and who would again rebel to-morrow if the moment appeared propitious to them * . There is , however , one little misfortune attending this note of the three powers . It is that the whole of France participates in the hopes of Poland ; that both Chambers have , for the lastfifteenyears , proclaimed Polish nationality to be imperishable ; that with another government those declarations would not prove sterile ; and that
the country would hail with transport anything which might be done by a determined and intelligent power to re-establish in its rights that friendly people whose courage is the theme of universal praise . The re-establishment of Poland as a . nation is , moreover , a matter of the deepest moment . The whole of Europe is interested in it , for barbarism is hovering over , the unhappy _kingdom . Its resurrection would prove a bulwark against invasion . " Frknch _Demonstration in Favour of tiii Poles . —In several parts of France demonstrations of sympathy with" the Poles were daily taking place , accompanied by cries of " Down with the King ! " " Down with Guizot . ' "
According to a letter from Dijon , of the 24 th , the mayor ; of the . city gave permission for a representation for the benefit of the Poles , to be composed of the ¦ ' Muette de Povticl" and the " Espionne _Hussc , " concluding with the _Varsovienne and Cracovienne . But it appears that the Counsellor ofthe Prefecture , acting as Prefect during the absence of that functionary , thinking that the permission was unadvisedly given , made a tfllegraphic communication of it to the Minister of the Interior , who sent back an order forbidding the representation . It had been announced for Friday , but when the public came they found the doors shut , and upon them placards signifying that the theatre was closed by order of superior authority . . Upon this the populace became dissatisfied , and paraded the streets singing the " _Marscllai-e , " and uttering seditious cries . Tho crowd was soon dispersed , but assembled again en Saturday and Sunday , repeating their riotous proceedings . The
magistrates , however , having taken the precaution of calling in some additional troops , several of the most outrageous were arrested , aud , as it was fully believed oa Monday , all further disturbance prevented . —Le Mans ( Sarthc ) was on Saturday the theatre of demonstrations in favour of the Polish cause , similar to those noticed in ether places . Between eight and nine in the evening a great number of persons assembled in the Place de Halle ? , whence they proceeded through the different quarters of the town , sang the " Marsellaise , " the " Varsovienne , " and the " Guerre aux Tyrans , " but uttering no other cry than " Vive la Pologna ! " At ten thoy returned to the Place de Ilalles , when a man in the centre proclaimed with a loud voice , that it was to be the last night for the songs and other manifestations in honour of the Poles , upon wliich all dispersed in peace and silence . The next morning the mayor asued an interdiction against such demonstrations .
Paris , Sunday . M . Guizot is endeavouring to do something to conciliate the , popular feeling teward Poland , and with that view he has , it is confidently asserted , applied to Lord Aberdeen , proposing that French and English Consuls be immediately appointed at Cracow ( where such functionaries do not at present exist ) , and whose mission would have for its object to watch over the proceedings ofthe three powers , in order to oppose any defensive encroachment against the freedom awarded to that great city by the treaty of Vienna .
Liberty For Poland. A Numerous And Respe...
LIBERTY FOR POLAND . A numerous and respectable puhlic meeting , to sympathise and assist heroic Poland , was held at the South London Chartist Hall , Blacklriar ' s-road , on Monday evening , March 30 th . Mr . John Gathard was unanimously called to the chair , A string of resolutions , similar to tliose passed at the Crown and Anchor Tavern , was submitted , and carriod unanimously . Mr , T . Clark , in rising to move the first resolution , said . the object of this meeting was to afford the men of South London an opportunity of expressing their opiniou on the conduct of the governments of Russia , Austria , and Prussia . He conceived it our duty to sympathise with our oppressed brethren
of all nations . ( Hear , hear . ) Governments oi all nations , without exception , appeared to treat the people as mere wealth-creating machines , to produce Wealth for the aristocracy and middle classes to consume . No doubt the English people possessed more liberty than Poland , although he denied that they had a country to fight for . He contended that Poland should have the right of governing herself . Ue could not conceive what right the Emperor of Russia hud to go nnd take upon himself the government of Poland ; were be to come here and conquer us by his military hordes , and set up a government , the people would look upon him as a usurper and a despotic tyrant . ( Hear , hoar . ) Well , what was true here was equally true in Poland .
That unfortunate nation was now trampled upon by a triple tyranny , and he thought the English government would be fully justified in interfering in her behalf . ( Loud cheers . ) In Poland the people had not the right to meet in public and express their opinions . In England popular rights might be obtained by moral force , and he trusted no other means would ever be employed . They had been abused for the expression of their sentiments at the Crown and Anchor by a portion of the press ; but the press generally was the organ of the landed and monied interest , and by their recent articles , left us to infer that the government was the representative of the same interests , and , consequently , that no aid could be expected from it in favour of any revolution ,
except it was a middle-class revolution . ( Hear , hear . ) He did not deny the right ofthe press to pass their strictures on any movement ; but allowing their right , he or any one else had an equal right so to do . ( llear , hear . ) No country , Ireland excepted , had so much cause of complaint as Poland . The Times had admitted that circumstances existed which would justify revolt , and at the same time took the unmanly part of condemning the insurrection . He had much pleasure in submitting the resolution . It was precisely similar to one submitted at the Crown and Anchor , whieh had been condemned by the press , in order to test their opinion as to whether kings had any more right to rob than private individuals . Hit would venture to affirm they held precisely the same
opinion as their brethren who met at tho Crown and Anchor . ( Great cheering . ) Mr . Georoe White , of Bradford , seconded the resolution , and said lie was just come from Yorkshire , and he represented the sentiments of at least a million and a half of persons , when he said the people of that district deeply sympathised with Poland . ( Hear , hear . ) The cause of Poland was the causa of humanity in general . He had learned from the rotten London papers , and they were all rotten except one , the Northern Star—( loud cheers , )—that tbe despots were hanging up tha patriots by wholesale . ( Shame ! shame !) Had the reforming government of 1830 done their duty and been sincere ,
Poland would then have gained her rights and have been saved the miseries of the present struggle . ( Hear , hear . ) He contended that the cause of Poland was the cause of every man . Poland contended for the right of self-government , for the right to live and enjoy freedom , which was the right of all . There was not a more noble people on tha face ofthe earth . The Cracow manifesto was a glorious one , and worthy of all imitation . ( Hear , hear . ) It did not demand a mere _ten-pound vote , but pure democratic equality , and the right to the land for the benefit of all . ( Loud cheers . ) Let them not be dismayed by any temporary defeat , but press onward , remember ing that
" Freedom ' s battle onee begun , Bequeathed by bleeding sire to son , Though baffled oft , is ever won , " —( Loud cheers , ) The resolution was carried unanimously . Mr . P . _M'GRArn , in moving the second resolution , said , the reeeut articles in the public papers , in opposition to their present movement , adduced no arguments . ( Hear , hear . ) The resolution he had the honour to _inavc , was an epitome of the political creed of every honest man . ( Hear , hear . ) One of the principles there kid down had been _enunoiatcd by a previous speaker , viz , that the land belonged to universal man . ( Loud cheers . ) Had this meeting been convened for any inferior purpose , it would have been ouite unworthy the attention of the democrats
of Briton—( hear , hear ); but Poland had not risen for mere nationality ; no , she declared the soil to be the property of all , and desired to found a government based on the nuvc principle of democracy—( _great cheering ); and " hence she deserved the support of every honest man . They had seen a revolution in Belgium , in which the Belgians broke the Dutch yoke with the aid of France ; but that crafty monarch , Louis Philippe , had , for motives of self-interest , caused a monarch—a creature of his own—to be jdaeed on the throne , instead of the people establishing a government lor themselves . Franco , too , hail thrown on *' one despot to be oii / _ystfceccdcd by another . ( Hear , hear . ) Well , ho trusted Poland would lake a lesson from those things , and , in the true spirit of ' . he Lracuwmanifesto , establish a true sovereignty
Liberty For Poland. A Numerous And Respe...
ot the people . ( Great checrinj ) . Another » rrat principle of the resolution was , that it declared the division ot the people into classes was the cause ef their miseries , and hence it proclaimed the abolition ot all privilege and class distinction . ( Hear hear Were not the people of England , too , cursed bv privileged orders ; did not the aristocracy seize upon tho land—that land from which food and clothing sprung and charged us upwards of fifty millions before tliey would allow us to tasto of the blessings our labours produced ? ( llear , hear . ) Then we had another class , called profit-mongers—a class , of whose merits , or rather demerits , you might hear of at meeting * like this , but of whicli you seldom heard discussed elsewhere —( hear , hear)—although they were one of the
greatest curses that afflicted _maiikind —( loud cheers ) numbering , as they did , nearly three millions , anil living wholly and solely on the labouring classes , never periorming one single hour of productive labour _, there was yet another class-the tax-eaters , who wring irom the industrious millions of Britain some htty millions per annum . Until this state of things was altered there was no hope for the working classes ( Cheers . ) Rent , profit , and taxes was the conduitpipe that took away the life ' s blood of the people ( Great cheering . ) The resolution condemned this state of things , and declared the desire ofthe Polish Insurrectionary Government to abolish them , and hence it had his entire concurrence and hearty suphear Poland
port . ( Hear , . ) wns at present portioned off by three crowned robbers . ( Cheers . ) Austria , who was spoken of with the greatest respect in tlte two houses , also by her Majesty , had basely offered fifteen florins for a live Polish nobleman , anil thirty for a dead one . ' There was another tyranthe begged pardon , for lie supposed he must not call the king ot * Prussia a tyrant , as he was godfather to the heir apparent to tlie British throne —( laughter )—he , too , had a share of the spoil , and was one of the gaolers and executioners of Poland . lie cordially concurred with every sentiment in tho resolution , and he was sure the meeting would carry it unanimously with enthusiasm . ( Great cheering . )
Mr . W . _Tow-NSENB seconded the resolution , and . said—It was objected that ' * this was not the time . " What , was it not the time for a man to have his dinner when he was hungry ? What , not thetimo to save a man when he was under the wheels of a waggon ? Poland was oppressed , and surely , being oppressed , it must be the time to relieve her from oppression . ( Greatcheering . ) The resolution was carried unanimously . Mcsrs . Keen and Stallwood having addressed the meeting ,
Mr . Julian Harney moved the adoption of the following resolution : — " That this meeting acknowledges with grateful pleasure the addresses of the Polish democrats published in the Northern Star of March 28 th ; and , heartily responding to the declaration of principles by our Polish brothers , we pledge them our fraternal aid in establishing the independence , freedom , _U'ld equality of the Polish people . " Mr . _Havney spoke at some length in exposition of tho wrongs of Poland , and in denunciation of her oppressors . Mr , Pattendbn seconded the motion , which was carried unanimously . A vote of thanks was given by acclamation to the chairman , and "three cheers for Poland and Liberty" cloeed the proceedings .
Testimonial To T. S. Duncombe, Esq. Ther...
TESTIMONIAL TO T . S . DUNCOMBE , ESQ . There is on view at the Parthenium , *? 2 , St , Martin ' s-lane , one ofthe most beautiful and chaste specimens of exquisite workmanship it has ever been our lot to witness . It is intendtd as a testimonial to Mr . Duncombe , on behalf of the working classes oi Great Britain and Ireland , as a mark of their aft ' ection and regard . Few public men have earned for themselves the esteem and gratitude of their countrymen in such a degree as Mr . Duncombe ; few have battled so vigorously or so manfully for the labouring classes , even against the prejudices of his " own order ; " and he has had his reward in possessing the confidence ofa large portion of his fellowsubjectg , Mr . Duncombe entered public life at an
early age , with all the preconceived notions incidental to liis birth and rank ; he was himself one of the aristocracy—of the privileged order ; yet , up to tlie present , hour—in times of great and imminent peril—he has continued the ardent and unflinching advocate of tho working classes of this country . Through good report and through evil report he clung to them ; in their f allen fortunes he never forsook them ; in their direst necessities he counselled , advised , and reproved tbem—preserving , tlireugh every change , his fiym and unshaken loyalty to the Crown and Constitution of England ; and his affectionate regard , esteem , and sympathy with those whose lot it is to earn their bread by daily and laborious toil . Few public men in England stand in a higher position than the lion , member for
Finsbury . He is the representative of the working classes—of the industry , and talent , and ingenuity of tho British artisan ; he speaks their sentiments , and ably expounds their wishes in the Imperial Parliament . As a member of the aristocracy , he is listened to with respect and attention in the most aristocratic- assembly on this earth ; as an advocate of the pooi man , lie is unrivalled ; for the case of his numerous clients is put forward with an energy and skill which could not be surpassed if the wrongs were his own . Grateful , then , must it be to his feelings to have his exertions and intentions appreciated by the working classes ot * the British nation ; und it confers the highest honour on the intelligence and werth of that class of our fellow-subjects , to witness the deep gratitude they entertain for their patriotic defonder _.
The design of this " piece of plate" about to be presented to Mr . Duncombe is exquisitely beautiful : lt ig the work ef Mr . Grant , by whom it was modelled , and executed in silver by Messrs . Garrard . It weighs 800 ounces , is mounted on ebonj ; measures in height three f eet two inches , and cost the sum of £ 620 . On the top a figure , representing tho spirit of British liberty , is seen rewarding the rights of her champion for defending the rights of hor country from oppression and injustice , * and in two of the panels of the base are bassi relcivi representing
on one Bide a mechanic in prosperity , and on tho other a mechanic in adversity * On the third panel is beautifully engraved the following inscription : — ' * Presented to Thomas Slingsby Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., by many of the working classes of Great Britain and Ireland , as a mark of their affection and gratitude for his patriotic , manly , and consistent advocacy of the rights of the people . " On the angles of the plinths are groups of boys , emblematical of trade , commerce , and the fine arts , directing attention to the following patriotic votes and motions of the hon . member in the House of Commons .
" 182 S . Voted for the repeal ol the Tests and Corporation Acts , " 1829 . Voted for Catholic Emancipation . " 1832 . Voted for the Reform Bill . " 1841 . Moved for an amnesty to all Political Prisoners ( which motion was lost only by the casting vote of tho Speaker ) . " 1842 . Presented the great National Petition , signed by 3 , 340 , 000 of the working classes , praying that the People ' s Charter might become tho law of the land , and moved that the petitioners be allowed
to set forth their grievances at the bar of the House of Commons . " 1842 . During the progress of the Income and Property Tax Bill , established the right of the peoplo to petition against a tax pending its discussion in Parliament , of which right they had been deprived upwards of 150 years . " 1843 . Moved for an inquiry into the judicial conduct of Lord Abinger , and certain magistrates , in reference to political and other prisoners , " 1844 . Moved the abolition of the Ecclesiastical Courts .
" 1844 . _Strangled the infamous Masters' and Servants' Bill . " 1845 . Moved for an inquiry into tho conduct of the _^ Home Secietary , relative to the Post-oflice espionage . " Advocated the principles of Religious Liberty , Commercial Freedom , and Equality of Civil and Political Rights throughout the British Empire . " . Of the whole proceedings we can only say . that it confers a high and deserved honour on a useful public man , and a reward of wliich the proudest and most distinguished of his cotemporaries might be justly proud . Long may he continue to enjoy the esteem and gratitude of his fellow-countrymen , by tho performance of acts which not only confer an honour on the assembly to which he belongs , bat are calculated to advance the liberties and promote the prosperity of the whole human family . —Morning Advertiser .
Stats Or Trade In Bbadfohd.—The Introiiu...
Stats or Trade in Bbadfohd . —The introiiuction of machinery to comb wool has had a deplorable effect on the _operatircf mploycd iu that branch of industry , and die hope of tha woolcoitibcr , that ingenuity could not produce a in : ichiue capable of combing foreign wool , has been fallacious . Machines of a uovel and superior construction are now in lull operation , and have been the eause of sending hundreds of industrious families to bos or starve in the streets . A collection has been made , amounting to JtSUO _, to lind employment for the able-bodied at 1 * . per day . This fund cannot last many days , and unless trade alters speedily the workmen in other branches are lilwly to be in tho same condition as the woulcouiburs .
C&Aitfet Iitteuigfttcc.
C & _aitfet _Iitteuigfttcc _.
London. The Executive Committee To Toe M...
LONDON . THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE TO TOE MEMBERS OF TUE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Friends , — According to tho third rule of the Association , an annual Convention should be held on the 20 th of the present month , for the purpose of transacting the genera ! business of the body ; and , in pursuance oi" said rulo , wo issued our address , convening such Convention to hold its sittings in Leeds , and to meet on the above date , But . since issuing that address , circumstances have arisen , which , in our judgment , render it imperative to postpone its sittings until _> oine later period , to bo decided by the dissolution of Parliament , which wc anticipate will be the result ol * tho present measures of the
government . . The editor of the Northern Star lately , in a leading article , _suggested the propriety of holding a ' * National Convention " so that , in the event of a dissolution o f Parliament , we may have a representation ol" the working-classes to take the field in defence of tlie cause of labour , and to prevent its enemiis from turning popular feeling to the _advanceinciit of anytiling _hliort of the People ' s Charter . We have received resolutions Iron * the principal localities approving of this suggestion , and calling
upon us to adopt it ; and as it is probable that tho fate of the measure of the Minister * will he known about the time when it was intended to hold the Annual Convention , the only departure from rule will be that it will be a national ono , and may noi meet until some time after the 20 th , and , instead of beirij » held at Leeds , will assemble in London . The time of assemblage will be decided by the Executive Committee , _* and shot / Id there not arise a necessity for the meeting of such a body , the "Annual Convention " will be held as originally intended .
. We , therefore , instruct the councils in tho several localities where elections have not already taken place , to proceed at on « e to the election" of delegates ; who aro to hold themselves in readiness to assemble in London or _Loeds , as circumstances may render necessary . . * C . Doyle , _„« T , _ChWKj . _iO-r-. ;¦ .:. :. _- , . ; . . _:,,- < : } P . _M'GnA-rn , F . O'Connok , T . Ai . _WiiEEi . En _, Secretary .
TO THE MEMBERS OF TUE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND _SOCIETY Friends , —Wc feel pleasure commingled with pride in directing your attention to the receipts of the Society for the last fortnight ; , as set forth in the Star , They speak most eloquently , and convincingly as to the progress which our glorious Land movement is making . Intelligence pours in upon us from all quarters , of the most cheering nature . Large additions are daily made to it ; it is extending with a rapidity which astounds its most ardent admirers . It bids fair to become , at no distant period , one of the most powerful confederations of working men that ever existed
in this or any other nation . Mr . O'Connor is at present travelling through the north of England to view several estates there for sale ; he will , nodoubt , make a purchase ere he returns , so that we shall have two estates to allot on the day of balloting , which will be on Easter Monday , at the Carpenters ' Hall , Manchester . We have , friends , taken an office in an excellent situation , which we are convinced will prove a great benefit to the Society . Indeed , we have already experienced its advantages in the number of individuals who have visited it for tho purpose of taking out shares . We have taken several other effective steps in order te give the widest publicity to the existence and objects of o \ iv noble institution .
Friends , we now call your attention to an important resolution passed by the late Land Conference . i < . _t-i-o »< ¥ -. t u .-t _ i . „ .... _cvwsbj suouiu uo established in connection with the Land movement , the profits of which should be added to the capital for the purchase ef land , & c . The subscriptions upon tho shares not being intended for the mirnose , it is indispensable that funds be borrowed . Many circumstances have tonded to prevent us from establishing tho Loan Society , which are now removed . We are fully impressed with the value and importance ofthe institution , and are therefore resolved to put it into active operation immediately . But to do so the means are required ,
Wo have decided upon giving 5 por cent , upon all monies advanced for the purpose ofthe Loan Society . Those members , therefore , who have money to lend , who approve the amount o f per centage offered , and the Society ' s security , will forward immediately to Mr . O'Connor tho sums they are willing to advance . Members lending to the Society will be doubly advantaged—first , in the receipt of the interest ; and secondly , in the increase of the Society ' s property . Feargus O'Cossor , Thomas Clakk . _CuniSTOPHER DOTLE . Pump _M'Ghath . Thomas Martin Wueelub . Sec .
The Executive Committee beg to state , that owing to the press of business consequent upon the approaching ballot , and from tlie fact of two of its members leaving town on Monday morning , that their time will be so engaged that they cannot attend any meetings to lecture on Sunday evening . Messrs . P . M'Grath and T . Clark will address the people of Leicester on Monday ; Derby , Tuesday j Nottingham , Wednesday ; and Sheffield , Thursday . TestimomaIi to Mr . T , _Com-jeb . —On Wednesday evening the committee met at die Dispatch Coffee Ilouse , for the purpose of agreeing as to tho most fitting and convenient place to hold the forthcoming festival , in commemoration of the liberation of Mr . Cooper from Stafford Gaol , when an animated
discussion took place , in which the following gentlemen ( who were added to the list ) joined : —Messrs . Doyle , Cleave , M'Grath , and Stephen Clark ; and it waa unanimously resolved that a tea-party be held on Tuesday , May 5 th , at the Parthenium Assemblyrooms , St . Martin ' s-lane . It was unanimously resolved also , that Mr . D'lsraeli be requested to take the chair on the occasion ; and that Messrs . Duncombe , Wakley , W , J . Fox , W . Howitt _, C , Dickens , Douglas Jcrrold , J . Mazzini , _Mons . _Michelot , Carl Shappcr , T . Carlyle , Leman Reed , Haynes , J . Duncan , Gilbert a Beckett , Dr . Bowring , & c ., be invited to attend . The meeting then adjourned till tlttee o ' clock on next Sunday , at the City of London Chartist Hall , when tho attendance ol" all friends is earnestly requested . Mr . T . dark , who presided , was awarded the thanks of tho meeting . Mr . George White , of Brad f ord , was in attendance , and
highly approved of the object , and promised his cooperation . Lambetu . —Tbb Lasd . —In this district , on Sunday evening last , among the new shareholders that joined was a Mr . Philip Francis , aged 85 , confident yet of enjoying his small farm , and rejoicing that the producers are determining to look to themselves , and not the non-producers , as they have hitherto done . Mr . Francis has been in all tho Democratic movements for above sixty years . _Sombks Tows . —On Sunday evening last a meeting was held at Mr . Duddridge ' s , 18 , Tonbridge-street , New-road ; Air . Thomas Edwards in the chair . On the motion of Messrs . Laurie and Arnott _, it was unanimously agreed—* ' That in the opinion of this i meeting the Executive be elected by the members i by ballot , " It was also agreed— " That the Couyen- - tion bo held at Leeds , according to the decision of the 1 Convention in April last .
Eibcctios At Lbickstbb,—The Unfortunate ...
Eibcctios at Lbickstbb , —The unfortunate man , i _, William Hubbard , expiated his offence of murdering g his wife by the ignominious death of being hanged & on the scaffold on Wednesday morning . Tlie car- v penters have been busily engaged for the last few V days in preparing the scalfolif formerly used at the e gaol , which in this instance was erected in the open n space in front of tho General Infirmary and County _; y Bridewell . Since the condemnation of Hubbard he te has manifested an ignorant and sullen disposition , a . Policemen have been in attendance upon him night it and day , and the rev . chaplain used his endeavours _rs to bring him to repentance , but in vain . He more re than once used his exertions to inflict bodily injury ry on the police , until the governor ordered him to be be
ironed , ihe unhappy culprit , determined on Dining ng himself to death , actually went without food two wo day a . His friends and relations have been constantly . tly visiting him , but in most of the interviews he _dis-lisplayed the utmost indifference of his position , telling ing the rev . chaplain and his friends " lie wanted noneone of them . " On Tuesday evening he was removed ved , from the Borough Gaol to the Ilouse of Correction , on , where he slept soundly till near six o ' clock . As earlyirly as two o ' clock the people began to assemble , andandi gradually kept on tho increase until eight o ' clock , _ick ,, from all parts of the county , when there could not bet _bei less than 25 , 000 people present . At ten minutoaites ! after eight o ' clock tlie officers made their appearance-nee * on the platform , f ollowed by the unhappy mau andandl the executioner , an old man , upwards of seventy _. nty _,, with grey locks , and ferocious appearance . The _prvt prisoner walked up the ladder with a firm step to the thee
edge ot tho drop , when he made a stand , apparentlyntljj with a view to say something to the crowd , but all hall h « uttered _ivas— " 1 have not had a fair trial _orajustjusls sentence . " He repeated this threo times , when tint _tbu executioner placed the fatal cord to the beam—a bva bv / Btander ou tho platform pushing him on the drop _^ rop _^ _- tho bolt was thon drawn , and tho unhappy man wan wai launched into eternity . Do onco raised his left _lejft ley a great height and let it fall . After a few _twitchinghingj ot the _hiuutB and body ho ceased to move ; and afte aftec baring hung the usual time ho was taken down ami ani placed in a shell . No minister attended him ou ttou _thii scaflold , aiuUnck Ketch dragged the cap over bier hit face iu a ruffianly kind of manner—he wns hanged aged *« vou would hail ! ' a dog . The light-lingered « entr > ontM were present following their usual avocations . Wlie Wlies will such brutiiltsing scenes ceaso to be enactedictedl TJicy are a disgrace to society . _—Cormpondtnt .
At the last meeting ol' the Royal Asiatic _Sociefiocieti the President read aii interest-ins paper on the gcocgw graphy oltkc f umaub territory , the land of the SikhS'lcna
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 4, 1846, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_04041846/page/1/
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