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TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS
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Mt Dear FRiExDs , _ "lt waa my intention...
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TO TIIE IRISH RESIDING IN GREAT BRITAIN....
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TO PATRICK " O'HIGGISg, ESQ. North Bond,...
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PATRICK 0 HIOOINS TO UIS CORRESPONDENTS....
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TATUICK O'lUGGIKS AND DANIEL O'CONNELL. ...
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^^J^'^Y /^r^^^et'JC} ' j / eZ9^'a
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^^J^'' /t^__4)>M- / eZ9^ AND NATIONAL TR...
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VOL. X . NO. 460 . LONDON, SATURDAY, SEP...
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fovnmx Bebieto
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From ' FRAN0B the general Intelligence o...
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"CHEAP BREAD," AND "HIGH WAGES." Stocki-...
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Fimgiitful Death of a bov.—Mr.. Payne, t...
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BAXKHUttYS. [From the Gazelle of Friday,...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
To The Imperial Chartists
TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS
Mt Dear Friexds , _ "Lt Waa My Intention...
_Mt Dear FRiExDs , _ "lt waa my intention to have published a Tery long letter-or rather , a manifesto , which lhave written—this week , entitled , REMINISCENCES OF THE PAST AS A GUIDE
TO THE FUTURE ; and in which I have given a faithful narrative of the fast thirteen years and a half . My principal object in publishing such a document just now _^ is with the -new ol leading yon to a solution of the future by the "text book" of the past ; to help you through the labyrinth that FREE TRADE has opened by leading you through the several mazes by which ita march in the _strngglejwas directed , and , as that is my first object , I have thought it more prudent and
discreet to keep the naked question before you in the first instance , lest a complication of events should obscure it from your vision . It would be a very tedious process to remind yon oi my principal reasons for opposing a Repeal of the Corn Lawa from 1 S 34 _, as a member oi Parliament , to the accomplishment of the measure -without such other alterations as -would make it a national instead of a sectional _hanefit . I have had fonr -weighty and essential rea " sons for opposing a Repeal of tbe Corn
Laws—UNDER _EXISTING CIRCUMSTANCES . _firstly , —I dreaded the inevitable result of the measure being carried by a party who claimed it a 3 a means of increasing profits , and who must—if carried by them—constitute the future administration of the country with the new-fangled principles of _political economy as their guide in legislation . Secondly , —Blow I have "warned you to surfeit of
the fact , that whatever the ultimate effect may be , that three years at the very least must be assigned for the adjustment ; and that , daring the balancing period of faction , the poor , -who were defenceless and dependent , would be tbe first sufferers;—in iaet , that labour -will be squeezed to the very verge of danger to life and property , before capital will consent io the forfeiture of a farthing , as the price of what it was left to esteem as its own triumph .
Thirdly , —I have told you , that by whatever laws the House of Commons sought t establish or regulate the wholesale price ofthe raw material , that the poor consumer -would fail to recognise the benefit of one single clause of such enactment in the retail article placed upon his board , so long as others were ia possession of the commodity that produces the raw material , and have the control and management of those commercial laws and regulations by wliich ihe price of all articles are regulated , and command of those means by which scarcity may be magically transformed into surplus , and surplus into scarcity / io suit the merchant ' s account .
I have reminded yoa of the landlord _s profit , tho fanner ' s profit , the speculator ' s profir , the importer ' s _profit , the shipper ' s profit , the miller ' s profit , the faetor ' s profit , the baker ' s profit , and the huckster ' s profit—all to be realised before it enters labour's month , and all of which , save the miller ' s profitand much of that—might be saved , if all had the power of producing the raw material for themselves And , Fourthly , —The destructiveand commanding influence that capital has of moulding indigence to
its own purposes in seasons of distress , by whieh it can most unnaturally turn the finest feelings of man ' s nature into base submission to his oppressor ' s will . Self-preservation , we are told , Is the first law of nature ; while the law of political economy inverts this natural injunction , and proclaims its supremacy over nature ' s laws . I shall now treat my subject _briefly , under each of the foregoing heads , and shall then make a summary for your future consideration and _saidance .
Yeu have , then , already seen , that the League demands as their share ofthe triumph , such an acces sion of " Free Trad * " ministers in the Whig cabine _^ as would insure the full working of the measure to the interest of the manufacturing classes : that is , whatever turn the e _^ riment took , they desired _^ uch a government as wonld sacrifice Iabonr , the source ofall wealth , to such legal bonds as speculators deemed requisite . Yon are not to mind the _Tavinss of the Times , or the bouncing and lying of quaker Bright , any more than you irould the barking of a " _N 1 AD DOG . " The one publishes nonsense for
hire , without a particle of knowledge upon the subject , and the other has a cause to maintain , which -cannot be served by truth . Do not For a single moment suppose that you have seen or felt the effects of "FREE TRADE" yet . You have not , and the aim of faction will be frustrated by any attempt to make its effects gradual . It will come upon you like a thief in the dark , and it is for this event that I shall presently endeavour to prepare you . The present cabinet can only exist on Free Trade principles . It i 3 the mere tool of the speculators—and their gains will be the last vestige that authority will dare to
touch . The _measured their _' s , the government ia tbeh's , and who but them can reap the benefit—and ¦ whose property bnt their ' _a can hope for protection ; at least , that their turn will be postponed till the las ? . You are aware that selfishness is the ruling passion of man ; and it is quite natural , as well as characteristic , that each should protect himself . You would aet precisely like all other manufacturers if you had "butthe opportunity ; and , therefore , you must not suppose that I am eulogizing you , while I am merely poartraying the evils of a system which _actually COnipelS , Or at all events invites and seduces man to
selfishness . I will now give jou an example or two in illustration of my second head—John Waliwark , now a freeman on Herringsgate Farm—and who refused £ 30 , and a share in section 2 , for his interest in Ms estate of two acres in ray presence , from Mr . Cnllingham _, carpenter—WAS a silk plush weaver , Before Free Trade was made law he got £ 112 s . for weaving 25 yards ot silk plush for making hats ; he _TTOrkcd for John Ashton of Manchester—of course , a FREE TRADER—and as soon as the measure passed , he reduced his wages from £ 1 12 s . to £ 1 for the same amount of work . Here is one slave that I
have emancipated , how , from tbis one instance , judge of labour ' s general hope from Free Trade , Under my third head , you will have already discovered that the price of Wheat does not always regulate the price of bread , while we have cverydiv instances of the fact that thc device of the traffickers can give a fictitious price to the raw material ; whereas , if you were in a situation to produce the raw material from your own land , you ¦ would attach but insignificant importance to the price of surplus after consumption . So long as you had enough for yourselves and your families it would concern you but little whether Wheat was £ 10 or 10 s . per quarter , while its price becomes a paramount consideration so long as you have to earn money hefore you can purchase it .
I may illustrate my fourth head by many facts with which the working classes are , _unlortunately , but too familiar . For instance , the mill-ownera , the speculators and jobbers , can , at all times , turn _indigence io a profitable account . Firstly , they can make it the means of competition in an underbidding labour market . Secondly , they can secure its co-operation in their own struggles against
restrictions that press hardly upon their own speculations . And thirdly , with whatever view laws _ars made , they can compel the most indigent to aid _ihem in twisting , thwarting and turning them to the advantage of capital—labour being unprotected , and labour being compelled to live from hand to m ' jutb , and thereby a ready instrument for its own destruction at the command of protected capital .
"Sow these four heads , under which I have illustrated the question of Free Trade , should be explained familiarly to those who cannot read ; and tbe summary ofall would be found to be , that so long as the wealthy make laws they can grind the poor ; and as long as poverty IS unrepresented , that , consequent , pauperism forces it to fight the battles of the rich _acainst its own order . My more extended manifesto , which I shall publish at full length in next week ' s Star , will more fully explain to you the reasons why I DOW treat thia Subject With precision and at length .
Mt Dear Friexds , _ "Lt Waa My Intention...
that manifesto 1 have given you a faithful narrative of the tricks of party , and the means by which our movement has been obstructed for the last thirteen years and a half ; all written for the purpose of making the past a guide for the future . The no distant future ie now very clearly mapped out to my understanding . In it I see the necessity of afterclaps , which should have preceded the measure of Free Trade . In it Isee the Whigswaiting , till thosepru-, dent concessions , mentioned in Lord John Russell ' s memorable letter , are wrung frem them , instead of being seasonably conceded ; and in the several struggles for the proper adjustment , I see the working classes , if not vigilant , prudent , and cautious , once more enlisted as an auxiliary _foHSS to fight the battles of faction .
I In my manifesto , which I have the vanity to think you will read and preserve , and from which I pray that yon may learn a wholesome lesson , I have pointed out clearly and undeniably to you , how my advice , if followed , would have saved you and me much of the persecution we have endured , and our cause much of the damage it hag suffered . lhave shown you , that in the Convention of 1842 I laid bare the League project of the autumn of that year —and that I cautioned the Chartists from being made parties to their device ; and I have shown you , that I made & tour of Lancashire , Yorkshire , aud the Midland Counties , in the summer of that year , explaining the League plot , and asking you to fold your arms while factions were _fighting their own hattle .
You remember how forcible my language was upon this subject , and yon remember that your rejection of my advice was the cause of the Lancaster trials , the Stafford trials , the Liverpool trials , the special commissions , and all their consequent transpor tations , incarcerations and hea _^ _burnings . Now , though I was likely to be the principal sufferer from your neglect , yet do not mistake me . I am not blaming you : no man can blame yon , but I am using the facts as au unmistakeable illustration of an impregnable position . It is this : —THAT CAPITAL FROM OUR DAMNABLE SYSTEM _UAS THE POWER AT ANY GIVEN MOMENT OF LEAVING TO THE INDUSTRIOUS TIIE
SIMPLE ALTERNATIVE OF STARVING QUIETLY OR RESISTING FORCIBLY , OF DYING BY THE SWORD OR PERISHING FROM HUNGER . Now , if you never rend another line read that and get it by heart , and then add this . to it , that I would commit any excess upon the property of others rather than die of starvation or allow my family to die , and the only atonement that I would offer to Society woBld be to curse its law _> which reduced me to the alternative of being a thief or a dead man . Now , with the example of the past before you , while I am not heartless enough ,
unnatural enough , or brute enough , to ask you to starve patiently when the next struggle comes , I do ask you , and have a right to ask yon , as I nmsure to be the _sreatest sufferer , and the greatest victim in nil yonr struEgles , one favour which i 3 _easilv _srantedit is this : LET YOUR NEXT BATTLE BE FOR YOURSELVES , and let the fruits of victory be something more substantial than the aggrandisement of your oppressors . Let it be the land—cultivated by yourselves and for yourselves , redeemed with your pence , and not your swords—and the Charter to defend your posses-ion and to make national what I have succeeded in making sectional .
I now conclude for the present : m a few hours , and aftera very laborious week ' s work , I start for Gloucestershire to bid for another estate , and , on Monday , I shall make my first appearance in Devonshire before our friends of Newton Abbott . Next week I shall publish my manifesto , which will occupy six or seven columns , and which , I trust , will have its weight with those for whom it is written . I cannot , however , take my leave without assuring you . that our first experiment on the land is the admired of all admirers—that Lord John Russell ' s brother , who is a clergyman and resides close to the
estate , and many other noblemen and clergymen , have visited it more than once and have expressed their astonishment and approval of the plan . Justice COmpells me tO mention , that , if all clergymen were like Lord _JohnRasselTs brother , the working classes would never make an assault upon church property . He lives in the centre of his flock and is truly the husband ofthe widow , the father ofthe orphan , and the guardian of the poor . It is truly refreshing to pass through the little territory of this truly noble pastor . Now that I have got upon the land I am Upon my hobby , and in order to give you a notion of the enthusiasm with which it has inspired youth , I must mention the following fact . On Sunday last , a youth of the name of Silvester , from Stockport ,
and about sixteen years of age , and who had been put _outofivorkbyFree Trade , arrived at thePeople ' s Estate , having made the whole journey from Stockport , over 200 miles , on foot . The delight of the poor boy surpasses anything I ever witnessed . I invited him to _spends week with me , and , on Sunday , 1 will send him home to his parents by train . Would to God that all the young blood of England was inflamed with the same Land ardour . I think the brawlers must wince when they hear that John Waliwark refnsed £ 30 , in my presence , and a share in thc second section , for his interest in two acres oi Land . Assuring you that my land madness is increasing every hour , I remain , your faithful friend and bailiff , _Fejbgus _O'Coxxoh .
To Tiie Irish Residing In Great Britain....
TO TIIE IRISH RESIDING IN GREAT BRITAIN . Fellow Countrymen , —My chief object in directing your attention to the following strictures on tbe letter of the erudite Archbishop of Tuam , is to show to you that , no matter how learned a man may be in all the ancient and modern languages ; no matter how highhis attainments in all the arts and sciences ; he
will make but a poor figure in the science of politics "Unless lie take 3 the trouble to learn them and to understand them . You cannot avoid seeing this and feeling it t » o , when you read the subjoined l etter . There are but few men of the present age such accomplished scholars as the Catholic Archbishop of Tuam , yet you see how ridiculous heappears when he writes on a subject wliich he does not understand .
Sir Robert Peel , great statesman as he , is , could not compound medicine as well as an appothecary ' s apprentice . Nor could ie preach a sermon on theology half a--well as Dr . _M'IIale ; neither could Lord John Russell , small and cunning as he is . sweep my chimnies near so well as the successor to poor Horish . the sweep , who was flogged almost to death in 1 ? 0 S . This being the case , and itevcr Will be the case , I am sure that his Grace , of Tuam need not- be tbe least offended at my declaring that I have more faith in the political principles taught by my great and unequalled preceptor , the immortal Cobbet , than I have in thc archbishops , bishops , clergy , agitators , leaders , and lawyers in Ireland . " _Pai-hick _O'IIiggixs .
To Tin * Most Hey . Dr . M'Haee , Catholic _Ancmnsnor of Tuam . My Lord , —Your letter addiessed to Lord John Russell , and dated "Saint Jarlath ' s , Tuam , Feast ot St . Peter ad Vincula , 1 S 46 , " was intended for the perusal aad edification of the public as well as
To Tiie Irish Residing In Great Britain....
to make an impression upon the nobleman to whom it was especially addressed . * " The reason your Grace assigns for writing this letter is , as appears in the first paragraph of that l etter , that the relief given to the people by employment of public works was , from the 13 th of August , to be withdrawn , from which you apprehended the most direful consequences . A person would be led to imagine , by the first paragraph , that the end and object of your Grace ' s letter was to obtain relief for tho starring people through the means of public works , but on a careful perusal of that document must come to the conclusion that such was not your object at all , but something else which requires explanation .
There are several persons , as well as myself , who feel sadly puzzled by your Grace ' s letter , not one o » whom can comprehend the purport of the following sentences . There appears to be no harmony in them . They cannot bo reconciled to common sense _. For instance , the second and seventh paragraphs contradict each other most outrageously . As for the eighth , I challenge any man on earth to discover what it is about . 1 . " You might a 9 well at once issue an edict ol general starvation , as stop the supplies which the feeble creatures arc striving to earn with the sweat of their brow .
2 . " The scenes of jealousy and discontent that are of daily occurrence on account of the real or fancied preference which some claimants for employment receive , are evidence of the pressure of hunger : and never did a mutinous crew pant more eagerly for the partition ofa rich booty than the starving inhabitants of Ireland do at present , for the miserable pittance earned on the public roads . " 3 . " The trying ordeal out of whicb the peoplearc pass ng with such patience , notwithstanding the severe privations which they still endure , has had the effect of imprinting more deeply on their souls the necessity of a domestic legislature . Fear not , however , that they meditate , for that purpose , either violence or rebellion .
4 "With the advocates of physical force we disown all sympathy . " 5 . "It may be well worth the while of a profound statesman to pause , and consider whether , for the sake of vitiating the Catholic religion , and weakening the influence of its priesthood , itis not hazardous to erect infidel colleges for the propagation of an infidel and revolutionary mania , which , should it succeed in overturning the Altar , will not spare the Throne , in its career of demolition . "
G . " The turbid stream is easily known , from its kindred and congenial source . The peaceful advocates of repeal aro not for making experiments of violence or war , They argue on the justice and necessity _, wliich even this year illustrates , of a people being protected from hunger by the care of a native and paternal legislature . " 7 . "All connexion with the mischievous men who are for forcing into the country the educational despotism of France and Prussia , and with the dangerous _dogmas which tbey strive to spread , they entirely repudiate . Their confidence is in tbe patriarchal patriot of half a century , who , with the peaceful principles of the Catholic church to guide him , has already advanced Ireland to a pitch to which no military success cuuld have raised Uer during the same time . "
S . '' It well became those who were clamorous for inridel colleges to be next the consistent advocates of force .-md insurrection . Tbe most profuse and dexterous application of Whig _patronage cannot divest the people ot Ireland from repeal—the necessary goal ofall previous reforms . Nor could the most inflammatory effusions of the parodists of " Young Italy " ever drive them into rebellion . " Now , my Lord , in the name of all that is wonderful , what do you mean by the two consecutive sentences contained in this last paragraph , No . 8 . If it is intended as ailing at the advocates and supporters of the colleges , which your Grace , and some others ,
are pleased to call infidel , it is rather a novel mode of getting relief for the starving inhabitants ofthe Archdiocese of Tuam . On the other hand , if its oh . jeefc be to praise the patriarchal Patriot of half a century , the sneer at Whig patronage , now openly and undisguisedly avowed and in full vigour , comes with a very bad race . As to the inflammatory effusions of the parodists of "Young Italy" doing any mischief amongst your Grace ' s subjects , no man , in his senses , could dream of such a thing ; because , on your own showing , the feeble creatures are on the very verge of starvation . It is men that rebel , my Lord , not" feeble half starved " slaves and dupes .
In the second paragraph , marked No . 2 , you say , and truly lhave no . doubt , "that never did a mutinous crew pant more eagerly for the partition of a rich booty than the starving inhabitants of Ireland do at present for the miserable pittance earned on the public roads . " This is the lowest pitch of human misery to which the inhabitants of any nation can be reduced . And you certify under your hand and seal that the inhabitants of Ireland are reduced to this miserable condition . And yet you , my Lord , say , in the very same letter , and at paragraph marked No . 7 , " that the patriarchal patriot of half a century , who , with the peaceful principles of the Catholic Church to guide him , has already advanced Ireland to a pitch to which no military success could have raised her during the same time . "
These two statements cannot be true . They are diametrically opposed to eaeh other . The first says that ihe people of Ireland are reduced to the lowest state of human misery . And the second states that they are advanced to a high pitch of national glory-Truth is commendable even in an archbishop . In this case either of the statements must he false . If the first be true , then the second must be false ; and if the second be true , then the first must be false . Is this the enviable position of the people of Ireland under the joint guidance of this patriarchal patriot of half a century , and the great " Lion of the fold of Judah ? " May the Lord in his mercy relieve my poor duped , cheated and plundered countrymen from such guidance .
Your Grace ' s letter , taken as a whole , is , to say the least of it , one of the most unparalleled specimens of rhodomontade on record , lladitemanatcd from a person in ordinary life , and not from one in the exalted station whicli you occupy , it might be overlooked ; but coming from you it is not only inexcusable _, but unpardonable . What have "infidel colleges" to do with the distress ot the inhabitants ofthe archdiocese of Tuam ? How doe ? the present distress illustrate the protection of the people from hunger by a paternal legislature ? What has the confidence of certain classes ofthe community in thc patriarchal patriot of half a century to do with the present distress ?
Is it because the advocates of Repeal are not for violence or war , that the people want employment Oil public works ? Or i 3 it because the " turbid stream" is easily known from its kindred aud congenial source , that your Grace's feeble and starving subjects are striving to earn their daily supplies with the sweat of their brows ? ls it because the people of Ireland are reduced to thc lowest men of human misery , that Ireland has already advanced to a riicu to which no military success could havo raised her ? _Imustgivo it up , my Lord , for I am fairly bewildered . This letter to the prime minister of the greatest empire in thc world , is a poser .
Iii conclusion , may I take tlie liberty of asking your Grace , which 1 do with great respect , how many thousand pounds have been wrung from the starving population ofthe archdiocese of Tuam since 1510 , under the pretence of Repealing the "Union ; but , as is now evident , for the purpose of resuscitating Whiggery ? I do believe , my Lord , that it is your earnest desire to see the condition of the working classes betterod ,
To Tiie Irish Residing In Great Britain....
to see them comparatively happy and comfortable , to see them elevated in the acaleof society ; but , my Lord , the Repeal of the Union would not' achieve these desirable ends ; employment on railroads , levelling hills on public roads , making new ones , nor even will building harbours do it . No , not all these together will ever attain the end in _HewZ The _pee-, pio will always _^ be kept in abject slavery until such time asthey are inthefujl enj ( igiment 7 pf pbiiTic *** _mberty ; anything shortof which is mere delusion . The bishops and . clergy _^ _pHrelna j _^ co _^ _aobiavts that great end , if tliey _allied themselves sedulously to the promulgation of ' tbe _three'foifowing _^ simple propositions . ' "'" . " _/* ,
First . "That every man in this empire { infants , insane persons and criminals only excepted ) is , of common right , and the jaws of God , a Fbbe maw , and entitled to the _fullenjoyment of political _libkrtt . Second . ia essential toa man ' s political liberty that he haye , anaelml share either in legislation itself , or in ; the _ejection of those who are to frame the law 8 ; _wfiicji _; although they ought to protect him in the full enjoyment of those absolute rights wliich are vested in him by the immutable laws of Nature , may yet be fabricated to the destruction of his person , his _property , _hfo religious freedom , Ks family and fame .
fhird . "It is a natural right of the Commons , and required by the principles of the British Constitution , that they elect a mew Ilouse of Parliament every year ; because whenever a parliament continues in being for a longer period than one session , then thousands , who since itwas chosen have attained to man ' s estate , and are therefore entitled to enter into immediate possession of that elective power which is their best and most sacred inheritance , are in that case excluded from the enjoyment of political _ltbeutv . "
Now , my lord , when you have studied these tbree propositions well , you will have learned more sound and useful political knowledge than you ever did , or ever will do , from the speeches and writings ofthe " Patriarchal Patriot of half a century . " and all the writings of Gibbon and Robinson into the bargain . I have the honour to be , my Lord , Your obedient , humble servant , Patbick _O'IIigoiss . Dublin , August 12 , 1 S 1 G .
To Patrick " O'Higgisg, Esq. North Bond,...
TO PATRICK " O ' HIGGISg , ESQ . North Bond , Brogheda , Aug . 26 , 1846 . Sir , —I write to express my admiration of jour mattterly exposure of the " knave in politics and _hj-poerite in religion , " which you are now making in tha Northern Star . If what Cobbett says be true , that whenever n hypocrite is exposed , there is a service rendered to the public ; if this be true , you are rendering a most invaluable sen-ice to mankind by your complete unma » kiii |! ofthe greatest hypocrite and impostor that has _appeare-l in the world since the days of Mahomet . I only regret thattiispoor dupes : ii home have , not ftYl _Opportunity Ot seeing your capital letters , which hold the old rascal up to the light of day . The thought hae occurred to mu frequently during the last two or three yoars , that it would bo most desirable to see the life of O'Connell written by your masterly hand . This would be a work for the
use of posterity , as there is not another man in Ireland who could do such justice to the subject ; for you are welt acquainted with all his treasons against the working classes , whose cause he pretends to have at heart , and you could show that instead of his agitation having served his country , that the Landlord Commission has proved the people worse off than any other people -who now or at any other period inhabited tlio face of the earth . You could besides place on record , in a permanent form , a true description of the pack of scamps and scoundrels who surround him in Conciliation Hall , and who are kept from the _hullcs or poor house by the money they assist him to fleece from the poor gulls and dupes throughout the land . If such a work were published * , about tbe size and the price of a volume of " Duffy ' s Library , " I think it wonld find a ready and a profitable market in every town and city in Great Britain .
One would think on reading Dr . Doyle ' s " Letter on parlies in Ireland , " written in 1825 , that lie was describ . ing the Repeal Association of tha present day . I will give one extract : — " Falsehood and slander are its heralds ; it has no reason or justice with it , but it is so clamorous and menacing , and so unblushing , as to overwhelm or confound whomsoever would approach it with argument , or seek to treat it on a basis just , honourable , or useful . This party , like Catiline and Cethigus , has collected into its ranks every spendthrift , every idler , every punished or unpunished malefactor , every public robber , and private ( _leliniruent ; all the gamblers , all those whom gluttony or _extravaga'ice has reduced to want ; in fine , all who love commotion , and who hope to live by corruption , or to rebuild their broken fortunes on the ruins of their country . "
Hoping that you will excuse this liberty , I conclude by wishing you every blessing which this world can afford , and I remain your faithful servant , A Dbogheda Chabtist .
Patrick 0 Hiooins To Uis Correspondents....
PATRICK 0 _HIOOINS TO UIS CORRESPONDENTS . Friend ? , —It would fill every column of tbe Star were I to do justice to my grateful feelings for the very flattering letters whicb I have received during the present month from England , Wales , Isle of Wight , Scotland , and Ireland , Friends , you do me but common justice when you say that my addresses to my own countrymen , residing in yours , have been written with the view and in the ardent hope of effecting a sincere and happy union and mutual _^ cooperation for one great object—your own emancipation—between you and them . Patrick O ' _IIigoins . Dublin , August 30 , 1816 .
Tatuick O'Luggiks And Daniel O'Connell. ...
_TATUICK _O'lUGGIKS AND DANIEL O'CONNELL . TO T _* 1 E _EDiroa OF TIIE NORTUERX 8 _TAIi . 4 , Bridge Street , Westminster , September 1 , 1810 . Sir , —I have read with great attontiou and delight the letters of Mr . O'lliggins to "the Irishmen resident in London , " _IW'i though there is some little exaggeration in them , they contain a great deal of truth , which will be the means of keeping open the eyes of those tbat have been already partially enlightened by the Into arbitary proceedings ofthe Repeal Association towards Mr . W . S .
O'Brien and tUe Young Iruland party . " It is not many months since that the Association endeavoured to stifle the freedom of opinion here , which led to tirw . _thii-ils of the Londou members leaving tho Dublin Association rather than submit to such gross injustice The _etl ' ect has been that the weekly collection in London has diopped from between twenty and thirty pounds to about as many shillings ! The amount continually bocom . in g" small by degrees , and beautifully less . " The opinion entertained by Irishmen in this metropolis as to the intentions of O'Connell in getting rid of Mr . W . S . O'Brien cannot be mistaken . Their confidence is at
last shaken . in him , aud many of them begin to say , "there is somo truth in what renrgus O'Connor has said about Dan giving him the cold shoulder . " There is oue thing which I should wish to direct your attention to , and that is " The Dungarvan Job . " Mr . O'Connell has stated at the Conciliation Hall that he left London as soon as the writ was issued , but he does not account for the time that he spent in London from tlio day that Vevl went out of offiea 'till the writ for Dungarvan was issued , itr . 0 'Coim » U must' have known from his coimeaion with the Whigs that there was nineteen chances out of twenty but that Shiel , the _plueehuuter _, would squeeze into a birth somewhere , Mr . O'Connell ought then to have gone down to Dungarvan and put the electors ot that borough in readiness , aud had thuy not been wanted then they would have been better prepared for next time . But instead of doing this , he stays in London coquetting with the Whigs until the last moment , then posts off to
Dublin , knowing well that ho could gull poor Pat , and at the same time refers the case ' . to a committee of the Association , _composed Of those who live upon the funds of the Association and do hi- * dirty work . At a meeting at which this great Whig Repealer attended some few years ago in Theobald ' s Road , he stated he was tin-best abused man in the world , and I recollect him saying , "That while " the London Press abused hiin the people might depend he was in the right , but as soon as they commenced to praise him they might depend that he was not serving Ireland . " Is not this tbe precise case at present ; the . ' press fis fondling over him , for instance ; The Times is covering him with the slime of thc Whig serpent , and other journals aro following in its wake . I could mention innumerable Instances of his deception . But it is now evident thnt he will not be able to foist his son John upon the Irish people . Thank Heaven thera is at last a party in Ireland determined to steer clear of faction , auilwh » are indepimdjant cf _O'Conuell aud hia
Tatuick O'Luggiks And Daniel O'Connell. ...
satellites . It wa , he that taught them not to nut there trust in the "bjise and brutal Vf higs , " and when they act upon his atfTloe they are driven ou * tbe association , Because like mra > they have learnt to- value- principle . In conclusion I have to state that _the-lctters- of Mr . _O'llhrgins are read by many of the most intelligent of hi , com * _, trymen in _Lontfsni and- although the effect win not be seen immediately , it ia- not far distant . It is wit " * p _« , in i nave io state it , that there- ia a great prejudice exiating between the Chartisis-and Irishmen in London : 3 fow is the time for Mr , O'Connor to come forward ; aad be the bearer ofthe Olive Branch bf peace , _and'unite the two parties In the bond _ef ' poli tical brotherhood . •' ¦ '¦ Trusting that this will be someday accomplished , and that but one interest will actuate the working classes of England and Ireland , an * that Mr . O'Connor wifl allow himself tobe the medium . b y which this'happystate of things may he brought about .
; Hewill find on _mixinffamongsthis countrymen strong _feelingB of love and attachment , which O'Connellism has _notyet obliterated . I am Sir , yours most obedient ' , A Loihjok Repeal _Wasden-.
^^J^'^Y /^R^^^Et'jc} ' J / Ez9^'A
_^^ J _^ ' _^ _Y _/^ r _^^^ _et ' _JC } ' j / _eZ 9 _^ _'a
^^J^'' /T^__4)>M- / Ez9^ And National Tr...
/ t _^__ 4 )> M- AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .
Vol. X . No. 460 . London, Saturday, Sep...
VOL . X . NO . 460 . LONDON , SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER £ 1846 ' _~^^^ _T _^^^^ or ~ ' \ === _^^^^ ___^ ¦ _- ¦ - ¦ . ; ! , _.. ; . ' glyg _-ghttllng a aiul _Wxpence per Quarter
Fovnmx Bebieto
_fovnmx _Bebieto
From ' Fran0b The General Intelligence O...
From ' FRAN 0 B the general Intelligence ol the week ia meagre _and-of little interest . In our seventh page will be fouad an account ofthe conviction and sentence of Josesh Henri , who ha- * been condemned to perpetual hard labour at the Bagne . The sentence has excited considerable astonishment in Paris , where the opinion prevails that Henri is a mere maniac . It is only fair to state that there is another opinion entertained by some , that the whole affair was a hoax got up by _thepolice to serve ministerial ends in the recent elections , and that the sentence just passed isall a sham , which will never be put into actual operation . Indeed , some days ago we heard a rumour that _Ueshi had been sent over to England , and was at that time at Dover . We must say that we do not credit this reportalthough there can be
, no doubt that Guizot and Co . are quite capable of such apiece of villainous humbug . In the Chamber of Deputies , on Saturday , M . Sauzet ( Ministerialist ) was elected President . AI . Sauzet had 228 votes , and his principal opponent , Odillon Barret ,. OS . One of the deputies " , M . Dessaigne ( Ministerialist ) , has commenced an action at law for defamation against certain electors who issued a protest against his return . Tho deputy for Poitiers ,. M . Drault . has been deprived ofhis seat , because he- had given a pledge to his constituents to support electoral reform , founded on the formal recognition of the principle that taxea ought to be voted by all these who pay them ; 2 . Par / _iumontary reform , which shall exclude pnblic functionaries from the
Chamber ; 3 . Liberty of education , without any preventative measure 4 . The suppression of all sinecures and useless expenses ; 5 . T ! ie refusal ofall dotation ; G . The _ro-eatablishnientofthe honour and dignity of France . " In the course of the discussion , M . Guizot vehemently supported the expulsion of tbe deputy , and in a long harangue gave expression to some most bare-faced hypocritical sophisms , such as : — "The merit , the wisdom , and the beauty of the government was , that nowhere was absolute power to be found in it . " "Among them every where free examination and public discussion attached to all the problems , to all the acts of the
government , and nothing was possible , nothing became definitively . the law of the country , which had not previously been discussed—discussed everywhere , and by everybody . " " One great fact is made manifest in the recent elections . The country has given its adhesion , its serious and free adhesion , to the policy wliich was presented befere it . Do not search for an explanation of the fact in any pretended _manojuvrcs and electoral miseres , Take it as tiie veritaufe sentiment of the country on its intelligence , in the idea which it has formed of the situation and of the conduct of the government . " Our readers will admit tliat these are matchless specimens of " lying made easy . " If any doubt , let tbem read the following Important communication and their doubts will be at once satisfied : —
( From our own Correspondent . ) The Chambers are now assembled , The Chamber of Peers have , as usual , nothing to do , now that they have disposed of the case of Joseph Henry , the newfashioned regicide . The _ChMYibeV of "Dttp \\ Utt » -are _bttiWy engaged in verifying tbe returns of members , and they profit by this opportunity to show the spirit wliich animates them . Never , since the revolution of 1 S 30 , has there been displayed such bare . faced impudence and contempt of public opinion . Three-fifths , at least , of the Deputies are thorough _ft-ieuds of the ministry ; or , in other words , either great capitalists , stock-jobbers and railway speculators of tho Paris Exchange , bankers large manufacturers , etc ., or their obedient servants , The present legislature is , more than any preceding one .
the fulfilment of the words of Laflitte , the day after the revolution of July : Henceforth we , the bankers , shal govern France . It is the most striking proof that ths government of France is in tbe hands of the great monied aristocracy , the _haiite-bourpeoisic . The fate of Prance is decided , not in tho Cabinet of the Tuileries , noi in the _PaUvC Cf Peers , not even in the Palace of Deputies , but on the Exchange of Paris . The actual ministers ar « not _Msssrs , Guizot and Duchatel , but Messrs . Rothschild , Fould , and the rest of the large Paris bankers , whose tremendous fortunes make them the most eminent representatives of the rest Of their class . They govern the ministry , and the ministry take care that in the elections none but men devoted to the present sj stem , and to those who profit by this system , are carried . This time tliey
have had a moat signal success ; government patronage and bribery of every description , united to the influence ofthe chief capitalists , upon a limited ii umber of voten ( less than 200 , 600- , who all belong , more or less , to theii own class , the terror spread among monied men by the timely attempt to shoot the king , and ultimately the certainty that Louis . Philiupe will not survive the present Chambers ( whose powers expire in 18 D 1 ) , all these things united wore sufficient to quench all serious opposition ir most of the elective assemblies . And now , this prtcious Chamber having met , they take proper care of themselves . The independent electors have sent in handrtds ot petitions and protests against the returns of mitiUterial members , stating and proving , or offering to prove , that almost in e _» ery case the elections have been carried
by the grossest illegalities committed b > government officers ; proving bribery , corruption , intimidation , patronage of every description to have been employed . _13 ut the majority never take the slightest notice -it' these facts . Every opposition deputy who _rsvkeS Ms voice to protest against such abomination is hooted down by hisses , noise , or cries of " Division , division . " Every illegality is eoverod by a _sectioning vote . The money lords rejoice in their strength , and guessing it will not last very long , they make tho best of thc present moment . You may easily imagine that cut of this mu row circle of capitalists there exists a getiernl opposition ngninat the present government , and those whose interests it serves . The centre of this opposition is Paris , where the money lords have so little iiiiluenco upon constituencies , that of
the fourteen deputies of the department of the Seine only two arc ministerialists and twelve belong to the opposition . The majority ofthe middle class , voters of Paris , belong to the party of Thiers and 0 . Barrot ; they want to do away with the exclusive rule of Rothschild and Co ., to recover an honourable and independent position for France in her external relations , and perhaps a little bit Of electoral reform . The majority of non-voting _ttadesmen , shopkeepers , & c , are of a move radical cast , ani demand an electoral reform , which would give them the vote ; a number of them are also partizans of the _National or Reforme , and join themselves to the democratic party , which embraces the great bulk of the working classes , and is itself divided iuto dillercut sections ,, the most _numerous of wliich , at least in Paris , is formed by the Communists . The present system is attacked bj all these different sections , and , of course , by each in a different manner . Uut there has been started , a short time
ago , a new mode of attack which deserves to be mentioned . A workiug man has written a pamphlet agaiust the head of the _syatem , not against Louis-Philippe , but against " Rothschild I . King of the Jews . "' The success of this pamphlet , ( it has new gone through some twenty editions , ) shows how much tbis was an attack iu the right direction . King Rothschild has- been obliged to publish two defences against these attacks of a man whom nobody knows , and the wbola of whose property consists in the suit of clothes he wears . The public hare taken up the controversy with the greatest interest . Some thirty pamphlets have been published pxe and con . The hatred against Rothschild and the monoy . lords is enormous , anr l a German paper says , Rothschild might take this as a warning that he haft better take up his ' _ieiuUii * art < n _* s somewhere else than upon tie . evev _. curuiug volcano , ol Parla . Prom
SPAIN we have tlw satisfactory intelligence , that the _•" ' Marriage Question" is at last settled—satisfactory on tiiis ground , tbat we - shall now be relieved Lrom thc eternal rubbish which all papers , English ., French , and SpauisU , liave been occupied with , relative to this subject . It is now decided that Qu t > eu Isabella snail marry tier cousin , the Duko do Cad . iz ( eldest son of Don Francisco _defaula / , and that tho Duke de _Montpensier , youngest son of King 1 ' jouis Philippe , shall marry her sister , tho Infanta Maria Louisa Fernanda , The wily old fox , Louis Philippe , has
From ' Fran0b The General Intelligence O...
therefore attained the end he has long desired . True , nis son does not marry tho "Queen , " but he will marry her who in all probability will be the Queen , her puny sister not being very likely to have heirs , or eyen _. to livelong , A General Flores , expelled some aT ? ince from the Presidentship of the _' South _-iSS'K _? E P ofEon * _« . _' » organizing a _bri-« 3 j * _w ot - ? panWl and other adventurers to in-K « _rW ° _^ _. of which he was ignoniraously _tlisviilaino _^ Sp w ni 8 h government is conniying at ton nut 1 _KflT _y does _» ot Lord Palmer-Sand b e ? tiLt 0 lt ? r A certain Ma 3 0 ' _* _B » _itt t iXe _£ _eal _$ L _J * ' reCruita to aid in this _cut-SiSdA 1 _^ u W l warn the Iti _* _" _People to hare _ieiffi the faw _Af _» _% Lei them re-. _memner _wie _tateof the British Legion under Evans . wjMh was chiefly com posed of Irishmen , 700 _^ ofwhom left" iheir bones , n Spain , to say nothing of the 8 uffS ings ot the miserable survivors . .. t Fni _-W- _wi . ; : ; ' . ' *
SWITZERLAND . ,- _, _-i _; we learnr that the ' Swiss'"Diet is reduced to auch a 'state of _Hrvisior ) , that it has , been _UDable ft form a ' majority on any important question . _^ The ' affairs _lof the _conrents of Argaa and Thai-giro- ' has been argued , butf has * been found 'impossible to decide on , and the re » _ft of fear sittings on the question of the Jesuits fee * been equally indecisive'' The rnajertty required'for'a legal yote' is-J _^ lsiateir _^' ''but io nonehasthenuaber exceeded l' ( Kv " _" . '•'' _" - ¦ - '•' "
¦ ¦ _¦ ¦ - NAM ' _-. ¦ _-.,--. _.--.-. _i we Have news t 3 nt the Pope ¦ and _CardinM _Gizrf were- _bnsily _engagadin preparing tht ? : progr ' t _imme of 4 cir _'«» ten > plate _*^ civil and politieai reforms . A copy ef that document was even- said ' ' to Bave _b-eetr communicated to _tEa-Austri a * AtobaaeMor , who vainly remonstrated * with hi » Holiness * against itspublicaiMHK v _., , . jt \ In our seventh pag » will be _feund _soae *; rather _lnteresting-intelligenee-from ; : , ¦
" ; . PS-HAM * - , from _whjohvjt appears that the _rtrssiah _Gov _^ nment _contemplatea-doing away with , ' _the'ieudfc . i _sertices of various _kinds-to which tbe _inhabitan _^ f t ' iie' ' * Kingdom of P 61 and" are _aubji-ot ; ' We ate compelled by want of _spacetto postpone oomment ' _apoh'th ' ib hypocritical and _designing r pjieaet of . pretended liberalit y , Enough for the present i * bat " . ' we plate on reccord another proof" of the real cliaraeter of the miscreant Tsar . The following is an extract of 3- letter from Warsaw of the- 2 _? ih of August : —"' Yesterday the _Warma Cowrie * published a new- ukase from
the-LKmperor , which states that all persons contfemuedi [ . to hard labour for life in the Kingdom of Poland , [ and even all those condemned to hard labour and to-. imprisonment for stated periods , if their _imprison-. ment _^ has yet Sve years to run . shall be sent to _ibibena . fhe first-named shall be- employed for 20-; years in the mines , and shall be oolonists for the rest of tlieir days * The others shall be employed in mines or at fortifications for tho-half of tlieir time which their punishment would have lasted in Poland _,, ' but they are also to remain for the rest" oftlieir Uvea in Siberia . "
From . the
_UMTED' STATIS we have _intelligencs-of the adjournmentof _Gongressj and the expressed desire ofthe President to conclude peaGe with Mexico . Previous to tho adjournment , the President sent a messago to Congress , asking an appropriation of two millions of dollars to be placed under his control ,, to enable him to negotiate a peace . A bill to this eftect' was- adopted in the House of Representatives , but was lost in the Senate ; thu President haa now-, therefore , the responsibility of the war entirely upon- _hiVown hands . The two millions of dollars were intendod for the- purchase of California , what the President will do now it is not easy to foretell ; one thing is certain , the American amy is making no progress in Mexico-, and the war , owing to thecoat , 13 becoming very unpopular _throughout the States * . the sooner , therefore , peace can be brought about , the better for President Polk . From
THE . RLVEB . PLATE we have _newsj- of & victory gained by General Rivera , at Las Vivoras , over a div ' _swa of Rosas ' invading army , commanded by Montorov This has been followed by a battle between Garibaldi , at the bead ofthe Italian Legion , and the troops belonging to Lamas and Verrarra * . the former were vict _rious . These successes must inspire the _Montevideans with confidence , but we f ear the termination of this murderous war is yet far distant .
LATEST INTELLIGENCE . Northern Star _Oifice , Saturday , September 5 . The Paris papers of Thursday contains the report of the debate on the " Address , " whicli was read on Wednesday . This document is one of the usual bits of _^ parliamentary humbug , a mere echo of the miserable speech of Phillippe . On Thursday the " Address" was adopted , after M . Arago had denounced the Government for tlieir acts ot corruptiun . and intimidation in tbe late election . The Madrid Gazette of the 20 th ult . published a Royal decree , by wliich the Q . ueen had made known to 1 the nation l \ cr determination to man y her cousin , the Infanta Don Francisco de Assis Maria
and convoked the Cortes for the 14 th of September . Letters from Berne , ofthe 30 th of August , announce that the Grand Council of the Republic of Berne , after having constituted itself , in conformity with the temporary law passed by the people , on tlie 31 st July , 184 : 6 , nominated on t _* ie 20 t ' i August the Executive Council , and took upon itself the government of the state . Letters from Leghorn announce , that on the 27 th ult ., at 50 minutes past 9 o ' clock in the morning , another shock of an earthquake- was felt in that city , which caused considerabledamage . The Great Western steamer arrived at .
Liverpool from New York yesterday . Several Stateelections had taken place , and the ' Whigs had addedto their strength in every instance . Thedifficulties of the campaign in Mexico begin to be felt , and in someplaces the American troops had roiused to _ailvance .. The Overland Mail bas arrived , bringing news from India and China . There 13 no political news . That dreadful scourge , the cholera , has broken out with fearful violence amongst the troops , and inhabitants of rLurracliee . In nine days the troops in this part of India lost 1 , 410 officers and men , of whom 315 were Europeans ; it further appears that abnve 7 , 000 of the natives of Kurrachee had died in the same period .
"Cheap Bread," And "High Wages." Stocki-...
"CHEAP BREAD , " AND "HIGH WAGES . " _Stocki-ort . —As this borough has obtained an " enviable" notoriety through the exenions of Mr . Cobden in affecting a repeal of tho Corn Law ? , so it appears we are to have the first taste o & _ita . fruits . Messrs . Wooley and Co ., late Bradshaw , have actually reduced the wages of their weavers one penny per cut ( piece ) without notice . The wsavers intend to turn cut . iiow it will end , God 011 ' y _linows , but we expect a general reduction . Friday evening , September 4 . _CoSUESrOI . DEST .
Fimgiitful Death Of A Bov.—Mr.. Payne, T...
Fimgiitful Death of a bov . —Mr .. Payne , the-Coroner , held an inquest late on "Monday night , at , Guy ' s Hospital , respecting thc death of Joseph . Dowdy , aged fifteen years , whoso friends reside at Lynn . Norfolk . From tlie evidence of several _witnesses , itr . appeared that the deceased wasa sailor boy , employed on board the brig Kdward , of A ' oifolk . On the morniti « of Friday last the vessel was _niade f ' astat Cottoisi ' s Wharf , _Tooley-street , Southwark , with a heavy cargo of slate , intended for one of the London irarkets . Everything being in readiness the crew _comniciiecil the unshipruenfc of the gcods , The dcseajedi wns
standing on the deck near the hold , from which *> _lat .-e they had just raised a ton _wei- 'lit _oS-sl ' ale , by the means of a crane , when some portion of thc . machinery gave way , causing the whole _pnndorcus mass to fall on tiie deceased , whereby lie was _preolpiloted U > t ' lebottom ofthe vessel , where it again . foVl upon him , and completely flattened _hteb-uiy . . 'Jhcpcor fellow was extricated as . soon as possible ,, aiul was found tobe still alive , but in a _dseadtully _-untilateil state . He was removed with tho utmost _s-jeed to the above bo _^ pilnl , _wlicje he expired on Sate day afternoon . Tho J ' urv returned a , verdict ot "Accidental death .
_Derbt Ei . _t-ctis-iv . —On Thursday _iis . Strutt _wps . re-elected for _D-n-by . At the close of ihe poll , the numbers wcrft—Strutt ( Whig ) , SIS ; Mnckwortb _.-, ( Conservative * * -, 2 S 1;—majority for S . L « iitt , 561 . Rom _PaixTECHXic _Issmunos . —The _chemlval lecturer to this mo 3 t excellent establishment , Dr . John Ilyr _»* a , has commenced _lecturing on _thc-subjeet ot * artificial light , exhibiting the theory oi ! combustion , and of lumiuous flame . Iu those lectures _, the lcameil doctor is very careful iu _nointingout tho \ aws of combustion—the nature of our hydra-carbons , and the necessity for presence of solid mattei'iii Hame , in order that light may be produced . His ex _peri-, incuts in proof of these positions were _costainlvyiuosc apt and successful , and cspcciallv tic _ailmirablo manner in which lie exhibited , t he _cx-wiment cf separating the solid carbon from the _oleliant . 5 : 13 . In other portions _oftliis Institution , _« e find there aro still frequent accessions of new aad interesting objects .
Baxkhuttys. [From The Gazelle Of Friday,...
BAXKHUttYS . [ From the Gazelle of Friday , _Sepitmber-Ul Robert _^^^ i _^ _'SfSWS _-Thouiiis _Wnlnwri-t ht , _M _^^ _'J _^ _iXscnr _^ _-pb James HaU , Leeds ' _^^^^ _tl _^ _Xn Kirs , ) ,, , llenbighshire _, _ftl'othecary .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 5, 1846, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_05091846/page/1/
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