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TIIE PRESS IN PRUSSIA SEPTEMBE R 5 ISifT...
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5ffll"El " *ffli -^HnhMnr-ntci i tfoveign iftotammts.
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" And I wffl war, at least in words, (An...
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* This extraetis not taken from the work...
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Wt£ Countess Samoilowa widow who o^c-c 1 *w —A letter from St. Petersburgh. -Rossus Law. a i -. widow who
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, Wt£ <*« Countess Samoilow, a widow who...
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TIIE PRESS IN PRUSSIA . (From the Mornin...
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ALGERIA. The startling statements given ...
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-^tm- TIIE ATTEMPT UPON TfTE KING OF THE...
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RUSSIA AND POLAND. Fousn FnosTiEns, Auc....
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FREE TRADE. ~~~-
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fmi^txMim^n» *
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The late Earthquakes in ItAhT.—The Semap...
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I THE REPEAL ASSOCIATION. ^ Dublin , Mon...
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SIR ROBERT PEEL AND FREE TRADE. The inha...
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SmrwBECK -On the morning of Thursday last the schooner Brunswick Packet, with a cargo oi
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Oats from Archangel, left this harbour, ...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Tiie Press In Prussia Septembe R 5 Isift...
SEPTEMBE R 5 ISifT " "" ~ "" ¦ _'""' ¦ -- _:.--.--...- ; _- „ . m __ :. ' ¦>¦ " -: _--, >¦ ,. i v _lsm ___ ' " " _T- _* H _* _E-. _* _- _" _-N- _0-frT _^^^^ ___ __ __ 7 ~ " ' ~ > - ¦ ¦¦ ' ¦ - " " ' '"' ' <• _,- _**" - -y - - ¦¦ - ¦ _--- _¦*¦¦ - ¦ .. _*¦ ¦ _-.- _^ _,.... _^ _ |
5ffll"El " *Ffli -^Hnhmnr-Ntci I Tfoveign Iftotammts.
_5 ffll"El " _* ffli - _^ _HnhMnr-ntci i _tfoveign _iftotammts .
" And I Wffl War, At Least In Words, (An...
" And I wffl war , at least in words , ( And—should my chance so happen—deeds , ) With all who war with Thought _J " » « l think t hear a _KtUe bird , who sings tbe people "by and by will he the stronger . "—Ethos , REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA _, so . vin . Circumstances compel us to deier till next * week the _tanlianationof-the" Revelations of Russia" in the meantime vte give the tollowins ; extracts :
MILT rART DRILL IN RUSSIA . Several of the riders were looking anxiously at the leaping bar , and counting the number of holes at _vfh . ich it was placed , with trepidation , when the Grand Duke , to their ntter _discomfiture , caused it to be raised several pegs higher . ' Now , ' said the Grand Daketo one of his aidesde-camp . * I think that will do—go and try it . ' Monseignenr !' replied thc colonel aide-de-camp m an aceentof involuntary supplication , _« it is rather high . V
' What » dog , whose mother I have defiled ! ' roared Constantuie—and the aide-de-camp , dreading more the wrath of the Prince than the barrier , at 6 nee spurred "his "horse at it ; but , in the first place , it was too high for his horse to rise to , and , in the next , he wa 3 too nervous to lift him , so that the _aniinal turned short round . The Grand Duke jumped Mi an instant on his charger , which a soldier held beside him , and leaping backwards and forwards over the bar , he came up to the colonel , and spat full in his face . " There / he roared , 'is it too high ? Go to the " barracks , hoand—a month's arrest . ' ' I _h-ive erred , * repeated the colonel with humility ; aad , watching till the Grand Duke ' s head was turned , io wipe the-spittle from his face , he sneaked off to the place of arrest .
Constantine now ordered another of the riders to take the barrier , who , although he was tossed about On the saddle , gaine * d snch desperate energy from the terrors of the Grand Duke behind him , ihat he forced his horse to clear it . ' Pat np the bar a peg higher / And , on a signal made , another unfortunate officer advanced to attempt the leap ; but his hand conveyed a tremulous motion to the rein—once , twice , thrice , his horse refused it . ** Dashnp againstit ; spur him at it ! ' thundered the Grand Dake . The terrified rider spurred "his horse , and the animal stopped suddenly short , flinging hira over its
head . ** Oh , the feel » ' said the Grand Duke ; ' a month ' s _awest Now , get on _asain . ' But he eould not hold the bridle ; his left arm was broken . * Take him away , I am glad of it ; I wish it was his neck 2 Pat np the bar a peg higher . _Xow , you , Sir , get upon that horse and take him over . * And thus half-a dozen horsemen were forced successively to attempt the leap , till they were thrown , or their horses thrown down , or the men injured against the barrier .
At _length it came to the turn of the two degraded men . The Duke had caused the bar to be so constantly raised that ihere seemed no chance of heing able to leap it . But , if the barrier was before , the thunder of Constantino ' s voice was behind them . The excadet first attempted , or feigned an attempt , of the futility of which he was beforehand persuaded , for bis hor _^ e refused the leap . By this time the Grand Duke was furious . * ' Take him np to it with more life , hound ; use the spur ! Dasli him to atoms _against it ! Break all his cursed bones and vour own too , or 1 will have them broken k > r yo _^ ¦ _ _ . _
.. . But the rider , smarting under his degradation to the ranks , had tamed dogged , and persisted iu bringing his charger at a safe pace np to the leap . ' Get off , devil ' s head ! ' { Chortevu golovo , ) roared the Grand Duke . 'Begone to the guardhouse ; I award yon five hundred lashes ! 2 _J--W you , " he continued to the ex-lieutenaKt : ' and if you don ' t take it , I have defiled your mother 1 I will have both man and horse pricked over with lances . " * Thus admonished , the degraded officer , who was a good rider and well moan-ted , lifted his horse so energetically that he carried him to the other side Of the carr ier , though not indeed without grazing it with his feet .
c He touched—he touched" said the Grand Duke -. * * bring him back / He leaped buck . 1 ~ Nqw again , * said Constantine , This time the horse fell headlong with his rider . ' Pnt him io it again ! ' roared the Grand Duke . But all tha desperate efforts of the ex-lieutenant , from whose nose and mouth the blood was streaming -the while , seemed usable to determine the _aiinghit-d and perhaps injured animal to rise again At _lenstu the rider let the bridle reins drop in utter discouragement on the horse's neck . ' Let me crave ten minutes' rest , Your Imperial Highnes . ' ' Did my horse touch when I leaped it V asked the Grand Dake . 'lathe first place , the bar has since been raised many pegs ; in the next , Your Highness is better mounted ? said the Lithuanian , growing reckless .
'Oh ! he reasons with me , he _awucs . Off your horse * : to the barracks . Five hundred lashes with the other .
THE "KNOUT . * Some idea of the exquisite torture inflicted hy this most dreadful instrument of llussian punishineut may " be formed from the following description cf the weapon _itSfiif _) aiid Of its _inoGe of _applicaiion . The handle of iuekuont may be two feel long , a little more or less , to which is fastened a flit leather thong about twice tae length ofthe handle , _termina-nig with a . large _copper or hrass ring ; to this ring is affixed a strip of hide about tw . j inches broad , at the ring , and terminating at the length of about two feet , in a point : this is soaiedinmUk , anddriediuthes _« m to make it harder , and should it fall , in striking the culprit , on tbe edge , it would cut like a penknife _. At every sixth stroke the tail is changed , a plentiful supply of these being always kept _xeaajr . and wraj . pe _4 ao ivith much greater caution aud care than the eie .: utioner " s children , ana certainty kept much cleaner .
The subjoin * d is -an account of a kmmting punishment , as witnessed by an . English traveller ;— "A coach . man and , of course , a slave—of a nobleman , having _murdered his master , found means to escape , but he _iras taken at _SoVOrgorod _, Drought back to Petersburg , and there sentenced to receive one hundred and fifty slrokee of the knout , to _liave his face marked with a hot iron , Ms nostrils torn out , and , if he survived , to inhabit Siberia for the rest of his life . The sentence was carried into execution iu tae _foll-iwing manner .: —He was taken from the _prisua about nine o'clock in the morning , and conducted to the police office gate , whence Uie police master , with the police guards on horseback , conducted him to the place of execution , about two _English miles , the heist market being at the end of the JJeoski 1
'erspective where such _piuiishments are _iuSicted . There is always same ceremony observed , common as these punishments are , and _tlitre _"Vt-re several police guards tc clear the way ; theu came the head _palice master , atten- ] ded by several district police maste : s _, and , after them , ' a dstachment of police guards on horseback . _Xext . surrounded _Vy a . number ol tlie same _KUav & s on foot , walked the criminal , _ban-beaded , with fetters on his _ieps and 3 : audcufi _* c < S . He was a bearded peasant , dressed in the long blue habit which is _c-iii-aoiily worn , with striped pantaloons . _Bahind him walked the two executioners _, with thc knouts under their arms . When arrived at the _plsce-ofexecut * .. ii , a detachment of regular troops Urjit the itob clear of ilw block and _b-jiirds upon which he was to he fastened .
• The dreadful _ceremonyh-.-gan with a short prayer , then & e culprit was _stripped naked to his waist and laid Gown upon the board ; his neck was _strapped down to a _groove , - _* s were his arms to blocks upon each side . The first * x * cutioaer , takiug the knout , _bi-gail by raising himself on his toes at each stroke , taking , as it were , correct distance—at each blow wiping the blood ofi" with his fingers from the thong , _obsersisg an interval of two or three _seeonus between each stroke . After giving six lashes , he was replaced by tlte-other executioner , vho gave the same number as the _varmer , thus _ch-UJgiu- ; every s _* x euts > au < J at _eack xime , a _^ _i'S fredt thongs . On receiving the first stroke , the _cul-sit _ghrieked violently ; but nature soon gave way , and after six cuts the criminal had not a slight tremor Ofhis fingers indicated lite , m _' _s bt hare heen believed dead .
On this _oesasicn , the culprit _wasusable to receive mere than 5 G lashes ; the executioners untied him , and raised bim on his legs , the . one held his bauds behind the man ' s bead to support 5 t ; tlie other took tke marking iron , -with ihe letters Tor . - { thief ) cut therecn . This is composed of a number of iron spikes on a fiat piece of wood , orecisel y the same as is used by rope-makers when they clear the hemp ; it was fixed in a round wooden haudle . Striking the handle witb his band , the sharpened irons were driven to the wood , oe the forehead . and the two cheeks of the culp rit After that he took _anairofpiocersj like sugar-nippers ; he put one side of thsat into the nostril , and the other the _outsifie of the skin of the uose , and with a violent jerk he tore out the nerve ; he then rtpeattd the same operation on the other side , and the _CfuninaTt torture finished for that day . The poor devil was then placed in a cart and conducted back to prison .
* This Extraetis Not Taken From The Work...
* This extraetis not taken from the work entitled « Re-selatiouscf It * saa , " but is , we believe , by the same author .
Wt£ Countess Samoilowa Widow Who O^C-C 1 *W —A Letter From St. Petersburgh. -Rossus Law. A I -. Widow Who
Wt £ Countess Samoilowa widow who _o _^ _c-c 1 * w —A letter from St . Petersburgh _. _-Rossus Law . a i -. widow _who
, Wt£ <*« Countess Samoilow, A Widow Who...
, _<*« , _Safe . -, tta * «« _nwTr iagc witha foreigner at J _^ _T _himK cond _emn- to lo _^ _hc-rpioperty .. Traste . _SJ _^ it np to public auction within Uie which wJl t _^ Ff _Vj , * oantess has large estates space of six mv **• " _- " ia Russia ,
Tiie Press In Prussia . (From The Mornin...
TIIE PRESS IN PRUSSIA . ( From the Morning Chronicle . ) _Hambdro , Aug . 11 , 1846 . The Prussian government is _acting upon a strange and arbitrary principle , and it is impossible that the present discontent m Prussia can last Ion-without sonic _awMdemotistratioti . A . short time ago the two important newspapers published in Bremenpapers with yery liberal views and well-conductedwere prohibited from circulation in the Prussian dominions . The editor of the Bremen Gazette wrote and printed a reply ( which has not appeared yet in a { _V Paper ) , and circulated the same under cover to all the snbscribera to his paper in Prussia . lhave obtained a copy , which I now enclose , and of which you canmake use or net , as you think proper . Prussia has recently added another list of books to those that were previously proscribed , and altogether there appears to be something very rotten in that state at _, ; : __ THE press _tn _prus-sta
present : — "The veto which Prussia has launched against our journal , adds one ring more to the long train of incongruities which all affairs relating to the press in Prussia generally present . In all times the maxims of this system hare been quarantine laws , which enchain the free snirit of man , as fruitless in effect as they have been hateful in theory in the eyes of the people , who see nothing in them but a want of self-confidence in the _government , a want , too , o _« * anvthing like a generous view of human affairs . Unhappily _, these maxims are with ns always the order ofthe day . One may reckon np the vetos on books by hundreds ; and whilst on every side the
censorship is handled more stnngently , there is one state which actually holds for insufficient the police and preventive maxims against the press , whieh are followed by others . While Prussia throws impediments in the way of the journals which are published in Austria' this last takes offence at the whole oi the periodical press which is published in other parts of Germany , and especially forbids the Berlin journals ; whilst Bavaria prevents the entry of a journal which actually i _* subsidised by the Prussian cabinet , and extends the same prohibition to a journal which appears at the very seat of the Confederation , Denmark takes good care to let hut few periodical sheets enter llolstein , and Saxon journals are forbidden in Prussia .
_"^ T"e , on our side , shall held ourselves excused from offering any justification for Prussia , because the Berlin Minister of the Interior has not thought fit until now to justify by any but very slight reasons his very strong measures . It pleased him to take summary measures against us , and to condemn us without ceremony . This much , however , is certain , that we on our side have always respected every legal order , and that onr system of politics has always been _based upon the actuality of circumstances , and that we have never lost sight of the _consideration which decorum demands . If any one has anything to say to the contrary , let him step forward and speak—let him put his complaints in shape if he _ha- > any to make , and we will answer him . _HaughtV
silence proves nothing , and in our day there is not a mortal who believes in the infallibility of a cabinet . In a state which particularly prides itself on being supreme in intelligence above its neighbours , those whom they reckon their opponents ought to be combated with spiritual arm * , and not with police regulations . In accordance with the public opinion of all Germany wc could not accord any esteem to the so-called ' good press ' conducted as it has been in Prussia , and we looked with joy to the announced Journal des Debate of Berlin . We hoped once for all aud at last to meet with something like decorum and _dignified discussion of public events from an organ of the government . Whenever , they began their career not with reasonings , but with prohibitions ,
then it is that we do not comprehend what purpose * a government journal serves , when it ties up thc speech of other journals " The prohibition of the Bremen journal i ? in direct opposition to the words which Frederick IV ., King of Prussia , uttered so clearly , * that he loved an opposition founded on reason ; ' these were the very Words of the Kimr : and a ministerial proclamation repeated , on the 25 th of December , I 8 J 2 , the expression of the royal will , * that neither opinions honourable _, loyal , and liberal , when duly considered , nor freedom of words onght to be trammeled ; and that the field of publie discussion , when truth was the object in the _vieWi oug ht as little as possible to be encumbered . ' Oar worstenemieswill allow us , we hope ,
to have opinions and we trust that it will be impossible for them to bring proofs that our opinions are nit honourable , not loyal , and not liberal . W e are privileged to maintain our position with respect to Prussia , * first , because it is the birthright of-every _Garmau born lo forma judgment concerning German irents ; secondly , because we have never overstepped the limits of the law ; and thirdly , because the written , spoken and printed will of the Prussian king gives U 8 a right to do so , as clear as the sun at noon-day . We have made use of this right , and we have ever preserved in our judgment of public affairs a' decent and modified tone ; nevertheless there now comes this prohibition without the smallest :
notrve" At theendof the year 1813 the AUremcme Zdtung of Leipsig was forbidden in Prus 5 ia , because it was a ' collection of lies , misrepresentations , mischievous _suppositions upon Prussia and its government , and these not only in _^ special _paragrtphs _. _but in its general ? . _¦ ndency . " In tiie ministerial ordinance referring to it , it was remarked that it was with the greatest unwillingness they found themselves forced to proscribe it ; it was only caused by exceptional circumstances . The ministry went on to say , that to everything which came under the domain of intellect and interchange of ideas and opinions , they wished as much as possible to give free circulation ; and for this reason they wished to have it understood that the unity of thu German nationality should be developed more vitally and strongly . On the other hand , according to the rules which they have always followed until now , and Which thej Still wish to follow , ' such prohibitions - ire especially to be avoided ; and then Ihe ordinance refers to the abuvfe-cited ordinance of the King ol
Prussia # * if " In the above-mentioned ministerial ordinance we see that it expresses a wish for the unity ot German nationality . That freedom ofthe press should punish no one for the expression ofhis opinions , would proTc one ofthe most perfect levers ofthe national strength . a lever that ought rather to be strengthened than weakened One must not look upon the press as a ilgure in the _onibres Cfiinoim , whose movements are to be regulated by a thread , for the mind does not allow itself to be put upon half-pay until it is wanted for service . Whoever wishes to produce great results must not be turned aside by slight impediments * , and csneciallv he must not permit himself to give way to the Uia-Xini that thC pu blic mind need be directed by employees . The public mind may be guided , but it is
onlv by free _discussion and persuasion , not by prohibitions or ordinances of the police . This tutelage of the press is the greatest enemy of the unity of German nationality . It was this tutelage which forced thc peopleto turn theirregards upon England and France , and to institute a comparison between their _circumstances and ours . The spirit of nationality increased in Germany proportionably as the freedom ofthe press . Now the press is sacrificed as thc goat of expiation , and made to pay for the _off--nces and cnibavrasment . s which it had no hand in producing . The consequence is , that the German people Ikis turned itself aside from the German _pres--, bowed down as it is by the tyranny ol thc polioe , and gathers all its inspirations from England , France , and North America . _^ That tlie p resent reaction is at all profitable to German national spirit , no one will by any possibility
nc . H . * * ** Wc have endeavoured to respect every species of authority , and also to regard every k ' . nd of decorum . We have spoken our thought plainly of the uncon strained and national developement of Germany , and we intend to contiuue the subject . The prohibition wliich was launched against - > ur paper in Prussia has not persuaded us that we were in the wrong . "
Algeria. The Startling Statements Given ...
ALGERIA . The startling statements given below we extract from the work of a French author , the Count bt . Marie entitled " Algeria in 1 S _15-A visit to the French Possessions in Africa . " Tho following extracts show the heavy price France has to pay for her dear-bought " glory , " to say nothing of thc-low of character , the result of the hideous _razz-as Which for the most part constitute the _sanpmary and profitless victories gamed over the partisans of AbJ-el-Kader . _J-SOHMOCS COST IS MBN ASD MOXEY OF THE WiR AGAINST THE ARABS .
Thi * - _sicrifice Of men is proved by some very correct _Jfs « S _accoul which have ta . _^ «™ _% _- cated to me . I find that the average _mortahtj _^ during fifteen _jearsis 100 men per day , in- < ; ° _»^» * ? _\™^ _nees or the fire of the enemy ; making an annual l 0 , s o _* fi * individual _*; consequently during these fifteen years since the occup _ation , France must have lost 0 l £ _Tacrince o ? money is thus calculated . Every year five millions of francs for the army , over and abore the ordinary pay whieh the soldiers wouid recei _« - i hey were in Franco ; two millions for the navy ; two millions for _persons employed In the different _departmen ts o civil service , vir ..: the administration of the _Wtenor , oi finance , of the police , of rivers and forests , and ottne clergy ; and finally , one million for the secret fund , tor presents and losses . All the items form a total ot t « n millions of francs _annutlly , which multiplied by fifteen for the yews of occupation , eives ihe sum of ono hundred
and fifty millions . This appears enormous , but is ne vertheless below the mark , for the 547 , 500 deaths must be Wken into account . "Ssch of the men who have perished in Algeria cannot _llBVC COSt lees * ban two hundred and geceuty _.-four franCS . lt must have heen necessary to prepare _stations with _allowanoes to support th « m on their march item & _s _in-
Algeria. The Startling Statements Given ...
terior to the place of embarkation' ; to convey them and provide for them in vessels often hired from commercial companies ; to clothe and arm them ; to nurse them in the hospitals , and leave them their shirts to be buried in . Thus the whole amount is _abiorbed In a minimum sum assigned to each of the dead , without taking account of tbe living ; from which it may be inferred that the enormous figure of one hundred and fifty millions does not represent one . fourth of the real amount , it seems inconceivable that in a country like France , where men of high capacity control the measures of government—where the chambers of Peers and Deputies carefully investigate all questions submitted to them , and vote the sums necessary for the budgets of different ministerial departments , only after long debates Bnd-.
ample imformation—it was not felt to he a question north entertaining , whether Algeria should be retained or not . Why has it not been perceived that that colony is a bottomless gulf which is daily enlarging , and that after all kinds of sacrifices it will be necessary to abandon a _conqueit which brings in nothing save some custom-house duties , not _amounting to four , hundred thousand francs per annum . Out of that sum the salaries ofthe persons employed in the customs' service must be paid . There Is no tax on fixed property or on persons , and the contributions of cattle levied by ihe troops on the Arab tribes cannot be " considered _« 6 receipts , for the sale of the cattle produces very _littlv , and the money thus raised is usually distributed among thc soldiers .
ABO-EL . KADER . " One individual maintains the sacred fire nmoil _? the Arabs—the Emir , Abd-el-Kader 1 Wheu a joung Marabout of thirty-five , he threw aside his staff , and girding on his _yafc-igan , he uttered the words , " My brethren , be free ! " His voice is powerful , and heis obeyed . At first the French spoke of him derisively . When it was known that he hud appeared on any point , they declared themselves happy to have a palpable enemy to deal with-They seemed to sport with him , and to let him escape in their encounters . It was snid that the French troopoften had opportunities of capturing him , but would uot . _Ifowever , his power grew up insensibly . As the head oi religion , he has proclaimed a Holy War . The standard
which is carried before him , was brought from Mecca , and probably if any power were to aid him in his plan ? , France would soon be nothing in Africa . In the brilliant reports of the Marshal , he is always put to flight ; but why is he not pursued 1 Is it that his horses are more fleet than those of the French ? It is pretended he has _bec-n defeated but no such thing , At the head of four regiments of _regtlars , formed in the European manner , commanded by a French captain of artillery , with the field pieces carried by camels , and twenty-five _thousand Arab horsemen , he is encamped tranquilly on the confines of the Desert , on the other side of tbegreat Atlantic . There his troops repose , until he resolves to commence tlie new campaign .
Those who have most reason to complain are the unhappy tribes ; when the Emir presents himself , they are compelled to enrol themselves in his service ; when the French columns arrive , they are shot for having aided the rebels . In this sad alternative their blood is sure to flow _. But letFrar . ee btware ! The Government ofthe sword cannot last for ever . If the French want the head of tht Emir , they may soon have it . That he knows . A treaty with him is still , perhaps , an easy matter . To make that will be the wisest course ; fer after him three other Marabouts are ready to continue the war . But if dangers arc apprehended on the confines ofthe territory , the mismanagement of the interior needs more * peedy repression . Men in office unfit for their posts , and scandalous in their conduct , should be dismissed . Let a prince of the blood come as a viceroy , and implant laws Ofjustice and equity amidst a peaceful and laborious population . Unless all this be speedily done , French dominion in Algeria will cease to exist , "
WHT THE FEEKCH COVEBNMENT BETAIN ALGESIA ' It it found desirable to retain this colony , howevpr _burthensome , because it is a ready cutlet for troublesome and dangerous men in France , who find in it a field for their energies , and most _frequentlya premature grave . It is , moreover , an object for the frequent occupation of public attention , and a constant topic for the journalists . Finally , Africa affords a manoeuvring field for an army of 10 , 000 men part of which must be recruited every year - , -md to such an extent has been the mortality , that with the exception of some regiments of heavy cavalry , every _i-orps in the French service has been decimated in Africa .
-^Tm- Tiie Attempt Upon Tfte King Of The...
_- _^ tm- TIIE ATTEMPT UPON _TfTE KING OF THE FRENCH . COURT OF PEERS . —Sumo of Aug . 27 . The Court assembled at 11 o ' clock , and proceeded at once to deliberate with closed doors on the charges against the prisoner . The Court remained in consultation the whole day . The following is a more detailed report of the verdict given in our paper of last Saturday . At a little after six o ' clock ( the Court having then been seven liours in consultation ) the ( loirs were opened to the pubVio , when a general rush took place . Nl . Baroche , the prisoners Counsel , was in his place , but the prisoner himself was not present . After _th--a »» eZ nominal had been made , The President rose , and , in the nrdst ofthe deepest silence , read the following verdict * . —
" Whereas Joseph Henry is proved to have attempted to kill thc King on the evening of the 29 th » fjwly last—a crime provided for by arts . 80 and 88 of the penal code—and whereas the punishment is to be _graduated in proportion to the circumstances and nature of the crime , according to ans . 7 , 18 , and 30 , ofthe penal code , which declares ihe pelues nfflictives et infamenUs to be—1 st , Death ; 2 nd , Hard labour at the hulks for life ; 3 rd , Banishment ; and 4 th . Solitary confinement ; the Court condemns Joseph Ilenry to hard labour for life . "—The Court then separated .
Immediately after the sentence had been pronounced on Henry , the Chief Registvav of thc Court went to the prison , and read it to the prisoner . It is said that ,, on liearineit , Henry struck his forehead with every mark of despair , exclaiming , "Why dishonour me , I Who have never ininred any one . " M . Baroche . the counsel for Joseph Henry , went to him on Friday at the prison . The prisoner hail become very calm and talked fluently for some time , allowing himself , however , to run off occasionall y into incoherent and unconnected ideas . He expressed
an intention of addressing a petition to his Majesty , praying him to commute his sentence of hard lahour for life into banishment . Since his condemnation , Joseph Ilenry has declared in the most formal manner that the pistols were only loaded with powder , and on some doubts being expressed as to the truth of his assertion , he added that he was ready to prove it . He then pointed out the place where he had hidden a writing containing an exact reeital of all the arrangements which he had made , in order that Im attempt might he considered a serious one .
Russia And Poland. Fousn Fnostiens, Auc....
RUSSIA AND POLAND . Fousn _FnosTiEns , _Auc . 21—Closely asourfrontim are watched , and strictly as communication , is guarded , still the news oi" what is passing beyond them cannot be prevented reaching us , however mueh it be delayed or falsified . We are thus now in a _position _concernim _. ' the alleged amnesty which the Russian Emperor , in order to gain over the sympathy of the Poles , according to the assurance of the Philo Russians , has lately issued . When the Russian authorities received the news of the late revolutionary plans of thc Poles , every one was immediately apprehended on whom the slightest _suspicion rested , nr who were connected with _suspected individuals .
in thi-: manner , ifc was not long _bclore tbe prisons were rilled with the supposed revolutionists , the number being given at 2 . 000 to 3 , 000 . When , however , the examination ordered were begun , and stronger proofs than mere ground of suspicion were demanded , ifc soon appeared tbat the majority of those arrested must be regarded as innocent , and that , therefore , in order to relieve themselves of an expensive burden , _nnthmg better _coild be done than , without farther ado , to release those against whom no positive proofs could be alleged . This was accordingly done , whereby the number of prisoners was reduced to S 00 or 400 . who still remain in custody .
Far more important is another piece of news , which has reached us from an authentic source , and whicli cannot tail to produce a beneficial effect in the interior of Poland , The Prince Governor has , we arc _as - sured , reeeived from the Imperial residence a fullydeveloped plan for the remission of a ! l robots , soccage , and other feudal services , which will be brought into immediate operation . What a revolution to the good of thecountry such ameasure will produce , must infallibly be evidentto every one who has had even the remotest opportunity of viewing the effects of such agrarian relations in Poland . The landed nobility will , indeed , not regard the measure very favourably
but the peasant becomes free and independent , and is thus for ever separated from hia master , whom lie was accustomed blindly to follow . Politically considered , the measure is wisely imagined , and is brought forward at a favourable moment . The Polish peasant is not yet so far advanced iu his claims as that the Government cannot win him by moderate concessions ; and thus is the young Polish nobility no longer dangerous , being merely a warlike corps of _oRicoi-s without an army . Besides the _higher cla _^ s of nobility in Poland have already in a great _measura estranged themselves from the Propaganda , anil turned to thc throne , where alone they can find tbe atmosphere in which they flourish .
Divide et impcra . Tlie old proverb also holds good here . What will the rest of Poland say when it learns that Lithuania , Volhynia , and Podolia are placed under martial law ? Will it see in this measure anotherproof of confidencein Poland , and a preclude to the foundation of a future universal Slavonian empire ? The harvest reports from Poland are by no means of a cheering nature ; the rising of the Vistula is , however , not of a character to cause any very serious _fearsofan inudation . It was reported in Warsaw that the Emperor would , within a fortnight or three weeks , _Tisit that city , and thence go to Germany .
Free Trade. ~~~-
FREE TRADE . _~~~ -
_ BRITISH FREE . TRADE . _rn _^ JLT not . ° . , those who discover or suspect a _^^ _tacoov _, _^ _' _0 _^ _, _n _, _8 _ter _, _Dolive _5 _, _- every act that does _tlrit wil T th _,- our _^? wn not-ons * We do not believe sonedeep . _Jayd pJ 0 tto undermine the prosperity of countries _w-hich might continue to hold slaves ; . do not think that the British have altered their lanfi merely to allure other nations into a similar and to them injurious line of conduct . We doub ' not that the mass . of tliose by whose efforts the recent change has been brought about truly believe that the whole world is . to be benefited by their new policy , and CKlightened by their example . Men generally believe the conduct dictated by their interests or their wishes consistent with if not absolutely demanded by the highest good . Conceding , tuen _, all that a generous opponent would exact , we ask attention to a summary ofthe facts in the ease . " Bl
„„ Ar _2 _^ ? . - n ha 8 through generations protected and _tostercd her own Manufacturm ? Industry . Her aws have _^ i ven it great advantages , not only in her home market but in those of her vast and populous dependencies , which overspread the globe . Her overwhelming Navy swept the ocean of all rivals , through the long prevalence of the great wars whicli desolated the Continent , deranged its Industry and paralyzed rt 8 progress in the Useful Arts . Her well defended smugglers penetrated every port which her cannon could not open , bidding defiance to the legions and the Continental System of Napoleon . — At a time when British . Manufactures bad no real rival , and any presuming rival no _> chance , b ? v ascendancy in this branch of Industry was established . Thenceforward , it had been decided and notorious . _Thi-s or that nation may fabricate Borne
few articles as cheap , or even cheaper , but generally , in the products of the loom , the forge , the workshop , Great Britain surpasses any other nation on the face of the earth , either in cheapness , or in excellence . Why is this so ? Partly because of the natural advantages which her insular position , so convenient for extensive and advantageous traffic , have secured her ; partly because of the richness aw ' proximity ofher exhaustlesssupplies ot coal , iron , copper , tin , due , partly because of _lur _overw'helmin-i Naval ascendancy ; something on account of her entire exemption for the last century from invasion or civil war ; more , perhaps , is due to the energetic , inventive , industrious character ofher people . Many another nation may rival or even surpass her iii one of these points ; no one has equalled her in ail or the most ofthem . The result we shall see and realize .
Up to this time , Great Britain has rigidly guarded her own markets from Foreign rivalry in whatever her people could with tolerable facility produce . While she crowded her fabrics into every port . that did not absolutely _vehjetor exclude them , she bought of other nations whatever she could henclf produce as sparingly as possible . This policy has had its day . It cannot be continued . Other nations , taught by her , have protected and fostered these arts in which their people were less expert ; they have learned by sad experience that no article is ever bought cheap when the bayer _standB idle during the time it would have taken bim to produce it , and that it is very possible to buy wlien you have no means of paying , but very certain also that the buyer will rue it . It has come to this that England must buy more freely of other * nations or they will buy much less freely ofher .
A wise and able Statesman wrests the helm of State from the hands which had just given it a Free Trade direction , and seems about to put the ship on her old track , but in due time he disappoints both friends and adversaries by thoroughly _accomplishing what his predecessors had bnt meditated . Ills work done , he abandons the helm to . his old adversaries , the vessel bearing on her ensign ' ' Free Trade with all the world ! ' We concede that this tender is sincere and , for the argument ' s sake , that it will be persisted in . How should the . world , receive the _iroffer ?
The true answer to this question is best evolved by asking another : Is it consistent with the highest and broadest good of mankind that Great Britain should bo the workshop and her people the artisans of the whole world ? Is it expedient for us and for all men that we send thither our two millions of bales of cotton per annum to be transformed into fabrics in ! _ 'ood part fur our own wear , and ' a half a million barrels Of flour , with beef and b . iebn to mateh , to feed those who there spin for us ? ls this wise , beneficent policy ? To our mind , it clearly is not . If Great Britain would do our spinning aud weaving for nothing , we believe it would be most unwise to allow her to do it , and sure to prove unfortunate . This thing , lab > ur
deserves to be better appreciated than it has hitliovfo been . It was Divinely appointed not merely fc bat the back should be suitably _etothed and the stomach duly tilled , but that the man , alike in his physical iind intellectual nature , should be developed . If we could secure as much animal comfort as now by doing half the work we now do at some one vocation exclusively—say , gold-mining , or timber-cutting , or wheat growing—we should be unspeakably losers by changing our present various avocations for thai one . Labour is the education , the university of the mass of mankind . The introduction and establish ment of a new art , a new branch of _industry in a State or community , is not merely a positive addition to the true wealth of that community , in fur *
nishing labour for many who would else have remained idle , not finding any employment suited titlieir strength or their faculties , but it _tetids strongly to develop intellectual as well as industrial resouice .-wh ' _u-h else had lain dormant . The naturalization of manufactures in this country lias already , while in thtir infancy , bem of vast benefit to mankind by _stimulatint ; imi ortant inventions and improvements which else bad remained unknown . Even Britisli manufactures are largely indebted to American genius . _'iroiised to effort by tbe new processes here set in motion . We cannot doubt that England is _to-dathe gainer by the establishment here of thc new branches of industry which she would gladly have prevented or crushed . .
, Great Britain now appeals to us from a new and more tenable position . She offers to take some por tion , not of our Cotton ouly but of our Grain and Meat also , provided wc will discard Che Protection of our own Manufacturers and buy of her . We cannot believe the best interests of her own people , much less of ours , will be prompted by our compliance . Grant that she can at present fabricate many if not most articles cheaper than we con , we sec clearly that the cost of transportation and the risks of profits of Commerce will far more than balance any SUCll disparity , and that the immense cost of sending our Wheat and Cotton to England to supply her workmen with food and raw material wherefrom onr fabrics are to be wrought must come out of
the Labour of our country or of both . With the Fanner and Manufacturer working side by side _, the fruits of their joint labour must be divided between them , and Any teiuuoriiry advantage in prices realized by one will be pretty certainly followed by an increase of force and efficiency on that side tending to lower the price of its product and enhance that ofthe other . But with thousands of miles of land and water between tbe two classes , there must be an enormous subtraction from tlieir joint product to pay the cost of transportation , and thc burthen of ? ho expence falls inevitably on the party whose products arc bulky , perishable , and their carriage necessarily expensive . Suppose it _possible , for instance , that Wheat shall average ( as it will not ) One Dollar and a Quarter per bushel in Liverpool , duty unpaid ; the farmer in the interior of Indiana ,
_Illiiiois , or Wisconsin cannot hope to receive over Fifty Cents a bushel . That is _thetorfhocan look for with the bulk of our Manufactures ; n England . But bring tiie "Manufactories to his neighbourhood , so tliat he shall find within a ilfty ' sjoumcy a market of consumption for his products , and he cannot fail to receive more , and at any rate the difference between the price he receives and that which thc manufacturing consumer pays for it , will be vastly diminished . But , better stiJJ , he will no longer produce merely Wheat , and trembles lest the next advices from Liverpool or New York blast his hopes of a fair recompense for his labour , but he will produce a variety ol" fruits and vegetables always more profitable than exclusive grain crops when a market for them is at hand . Familiar as this truth may be , it cannot be too carefully considered .
That the change in the Corn Laws will enable the manufacturers of Great Britain to produce goods somewhat cheaper is true , and to this consideration the bounteous subscriptions to thc agitation fund of the League are in good part attributable . Cotton is now the predominant interest in the British realm —perhaps beneficently so . The' lords of the loom / will doubtless reap . an ample harvest from their triumph . He it so ; we regret no change which diminishes thc power ot the aristocratic monopolists ol
the Boil of the sister kingdoms , but we cannot anticipate the lasting advantages from this which its sanguine friends anticipate . Perilous , as Carlisle observes , is that National prosperity which rests on a capacity to moduce cotton cloth a farthing an ell cheaper than any body else can . The brief hour of triumph past , tke Toiling Millions of Britain will find their day ' s labour producing just about sueh a day ' s bread as formerly , and Union Workhouses as numerous and well tenanted as ever . THIS URAL REMEDY FOR TllKin EVILS IS NOT FREE TRADE BUT A
FREE SOIL—A SOIL WHICH THEY MAY CULTIVATE WITHOUT PAYING THREE-FOURTHS OF ITS PRODUCT TO TUE IDLE DESCENDANT OF SOME ROBBER KNIGHT OF THE ELEVENTH CENTURY WHO WON A COUNTY BY AIDING TO SLAUGHTER THE ENGLISH AT HASTINGS . An acre of land guaranteed to eaeh family at a rent based on the costs of thc improvements thereon , _tuould be luorth all the Free Trade or Reformed Parliaments that can be imagined . Let _tw hope that future Reforms ut'U be less abstract mdmore _tangible than the past .
Fmi^Txmim^N» *
fmi _^ _txMim _^ n » _*
The Late Earthquakes In Itaht.—The Semap...
The late Earthquakes in _ItAhT . —The Semaphore de Marseilles of the 26 th ult ., publishes the following letter , dated , Leghorn , the 15 th : — We have just received the most distressing accounts of tlie disasters-occasioned by thc last earthquake in the hilly districts of Pisa and Yolierra . Entire villag . _a Jiavo been destroyed , and the lB _habltantB are now encamped in the fields . The Government has prohibited the traffie on the railroads . Large fissures opened
in thc ground , and on one point swallowed up several oxen . In the plain of _Cesina , between Leghorn and _Campiglia most of the country houses have fallen down . We are without news from the province of Siena . It is a remarkable fact that the districts which suffered most are entirely covered with _sub-alpine marl . Tie workmen employed in the interior of the mines situate at the _^ 'stance ofa mile from _Campiglia felt no thoek , whils ! _lllOSe Who were labouring above ground were so terrified , that fearing the building under wliich they were working would give way , that tliey fled into the country .
Dreadful State op Jerusalem . —A Trieste letter ofthe 15 th of August , says : — The last accounts from Jerusalem represent all Palestine to be a prey te the horrors of famine , caused by tbe rivers and streams being dried up . At Safet many persons had already perished from want of food . Corn Law "Riots in Fhance . —In consequence of the increasing prices of grain in France , especially inthe east and centre of that country , serious disturbances have taken place among the labouring classes . . These outrages hare unfortunately been distinguished also by incendiary fires , generally ot farm buildings and produce . Detachments of military , have been sent to the disturbed districts to preserve order ; measures have also been taken to arrest the authors of the incendiary fires , which are particularly numerous . in Burgundy , and on the
oanKs of the Loire . At Uouvret de Villiers ( Mavne ) no fewer than li houses and a barn had been burnt down in one night , and at Saulieu , packets of combustible materials had been found in a farm-house . At _Chauffailles ( Saone and Loire ) a serious riot had taken place , in consequence ofa runiour that a company of corn merchants had resolved to purchase all the corn in the market at any price . At Metz the workmen are in the habit of meeting in the corn market at their breakfast hour , and discussing their grievances , but no ill result has ensued . The house of Viscount Courral , a large landed proprietor nt Pinon , near Soissons , had been attacked , and an attempt made to set it on fire ; arms had also been carried off . All this betokens a feverish state of things , for which , however , the French journals allege no ; cause beyond the more immediate one of the high prices of grain .
Malta . —fhe Dog-Nmsakce and tub French _CoiJSUh .--A letter of the 13 th from Malta contains the following strange story * . — " A singular scene has just occurred here . The residence of the Governor ad interim requiring some repairs , he lately took lodgings in the town , leaving a number of dogs in his hotel . During the night these animals made such a noise that . M . Sontag , the French Consul , who re > iues in the neighbourhood , was compelled to call on the police to remove the dogs . The police refused , considering they had no right to _interfere , and M . Sontag , becoming enraged , declared that he would write to Ms Government , and procure the expulsion of every Maltese from Algeria . These threats norhaving induced thc police authorities to notice the
demand of the Consul , he struck his nag , and took down the arms of France from his residence . He has since refused to sij » n the passports of several persons who were about to proceed to Algiers . M . Sontag intends te set off for France in a few days . " State of Gallioia . —The Cologne . Gazette gives the following from Lemberg , in GaUicia : —We learn from Tarnow that en the 16 th the peasants of Wolga _, near Dembetza , to the number , of 200 , excited bv a Jewish emissary , assailed the chateau of that place and pillaged it . The owner of the chateau escaped with great difficulty . On the receipt of this news , a detachment of cavelry left Dembetza , and di- * nersed the band , taking 26 prisoners . The principal leader , however , escaped . The event has _causi-d
so much alarm among the gentry that they all left their country houses and sought refuge in the towns . Tarnow is full of refugees . Trial for Murder ix France . —The Court of Assizes ofthe Maine ( Itheims ) was occupied on the ISlh with the trial of Severin Dunel , aged 25 , for ¦ ¦ he mm-der of Marguerite Mgron , aged 20 . It appeared from the evidence , that on April 22 a young woman , tolerably well dressed , was seen passing along the road from Rhcims to Rethvl , with a young man , looking like a workman . On the 23 d the woman was found murdered at the toot of a hayrick . Theprisoner , having been taken , up next day , nt ( mce avowed his crime . The deceased , he said , had been a woman of bad character , regularly inscribed
on the books of the police at Paris . She had formerly been the mistress ofa workman named Dunal _, who was taken up for some offence , and sentencod to eighteen months imprisonment . Dunel then cohabited with the deceased , and she became attached to him ,-though he never cared much about her . Dunal , when his imprisonment was near its end , wrote to Dunel for the address of his former mistress ; and as she was unwilling to see him again , she persuaded Dunel to leave Paris and seek tor work in the country . They accordingly got passports , and travelled on foot as far as thc place where the murder was committed . Both being tired , withdrew a little from the roadside , and sat down , when the deceased began to complain of hunger and cold . _Dnnelheavins this , got np , and finding a large stone
on the ground near him , struck her on the head with it until he killed her . To make everything sure , he seized her afterwards by the neck and held it . tight for seme time , in order to strangle her , should she not have been dead . The idea of murdering her had occurred to him he said , on th-.- ISth , as lie was heartily tired of her . lie quarrelled with her alon » the road several times between that period and the 22 d , in order to induce her to quit him , but without avail . Finding every attempt to get rid of her quite useless , lie executed hia purpose ., 'Che jury at once found him guilty , and the court sentenced him to death . The _prisoner heard the sentence passed without betraying any emotion , and on his return to the prison he ate and drank with good appetite and remarkable tranquillitv .
I HE CuuTORlSKiS , ~ Thc German Gazette of Frankfort , under date of Vienna , 231 inst ., stales that a report was pravalcnt that the sequestration which had been placed on tha property of the Princess Czartoriski , in Galicia , had been taken oft" on Prince Czartorishi signing a written engagement not to interfere with the _aftairs of Poland . Incase of his breaking it . all his property would be confiscated . Abd-el-Kader . —The following letter , dated from Totuan , August IS , contains some interesting details on the present condition ofthe Arab chief . — "The port of Tetuan has become tbe principal point of communication for Abd-el-Kader with Gibraltar , where he has two accredited agents . Money does not seem to have abounded with him for some time .
and thc affairs of the Emir suffer by this deficiency of the sinews of war . Late advices , however , received through the smugglers from Gibraltar , stnte that a rather considerable 3 _um'h ; is recently been placed to his credit in that town . The source of this seasonable supply is unknown . The last articles arrived here from Gibraltar for the Emir arc a _number of muskets of a novel construction , a much superior de-crjption to the former . The cases were all prepared for transport iuto the interior , and contained , besides the guns , several moulds for balls , spare locks , Ac . Abd-el-Kader acts in Morocco just as if he were at home ; comes and goes , commands , preaches , receives addresses , and laughs at all that is done against him in _Meqnines . Tbe Sultan gives none but illusory , and frequently contradictory orders respecting him and his manoeuvres ; nor arc
these orders ever executed by the local chiels and governors ; Abd-el-Kader , always protesting his respect for the Sultan , declares that he cannot conscientiously take account of the intregues cf the Christians at his _Coiivtt In all this Abd-el-Kader has move powev and real influence than the Sultan ; he is , so to say , the King of all thc Marabouts ofthe Country , and these Marabouts would willingly , if necessary , make of him a rallying point ibr tbeir religion . Tbe eity of Fez ( the religious metropolis , possessing great weight amid the general anarchy ) is certainly being operated upon in this sense . On the other part , the frontier tribes of Algiers , are always ready to marcii as soon as thero is powder and piasters . Of tliose are cited three tribes near Argad among whom the agents of Abd-el-Kader recruits , exercises , and organises at pleasure for the opportune moment . "
Iscomk op Austria . —The statistical office , lately established at Vienna , has just published some statements on the finances of the Austrian empire ' _ii ' e see by these details , that the receipts of the Treasury amount to lSO _. OOO _. OOO florins per annum , ( about £ 12 , 500 , 000 . ") of which eight millions are applied to the civil list , and eighteen millions to the expenses of administration . Tho office docs not state the purpose to which the remaining 124 millions are applied ; the interest of the debt , the support of the army , and the construction of railroads , are , _ho-vever , the chief object * . —I ' ostzeitunv .
The Lock of the Bastille . —A prisoner , named Mnuclere , recently escaped from tbe gaol of V endume * , he waa easily re-captuved ; he waa not , besides a VCl'V great malefactor . Thc most curious part of liie _aff-ur is , that tbe lock , which he opened with a rusty knife , is one ofthe ancient locks belonging formerly to the Bastille . After the capture and demolition ot the Bastille in 1789 , the locks were taken away , and carefully put aside . In I 7 b \ when thc _Babroiif trial caused the High Court to assemble at "Vendome , it was believed that nothing better could be done for the s _^ e guard ofthe prisoners that * to provide the prison of Vendome with one of those redoubtable locks . In fact , the appearance would inspire terror , while the enormous key with which it is opened would make a formidable weapon . However , this lock would scarcely close , and since . 1796 the prison has been guarded merely by the reputation of thc lock ofthe Bastille .
I The Repeal Association. ^ Dublin , Mon...
I THE REPEAL ASSOCIATION . _^ Dublin , Monday . —The usual weeklv meeting of the above association was held in Conciliation Hall it ii / ; - ° _" ° cInok Mr . 'O'Connell entered the llall _^ attired in bis municipal robes ) amid loud cheers , and moved that Counsellor _O'Dowd should take the chair . ln _^ _S _^ HVRMA !* addressed the meeting at some length , and commenced by thanking the meeting _Sf ,, _i n _Si ' v CO T _* 7 _» P ° n 1 , im - fle «» eh alluded to the Young Ireland party , and stated that in his opinion _noquestion except the Repeal question , should be discussed m thnt u « ll .- He { the Chairman ) denounced the conduct of the Young Ireland party ; he denounced their criminal silence upon that question ( the Bequests Act ) which vitally affected the interests of the Catholics of Ireland , not merely of the Catholics , but of the Protestants , for that question referred to both parties . He arraigned their conduct upon that question—he arraigned their silence as tending in no small degree to the
passing of that very measure . Mr . Ray read the minutes of the last day ' s proceedings . Mr . O'Connell rose , and after handing in some money , said he was now in trim for visiting the Castle , and as he had to go up with tlie Address from tbe Corporation to an Irish nobleman , the Earl of _BesboTough—a man who was well acquainted with Irish affairs , he would speak to the meeting at once . After _c-mmenting on the failure of the _potatoecrop , and other matters , he said , he would now refer to a subject of great importance to the association . It had . bum said that many people were anxious for a reconciliation between the two parties in that Hall , No man was more anxious for a reconciliation than _, he was , especially a reconciliation with Mr . Smith tsnen wouiu _butsacriHce
u . ue ao anything principle tO Obtain that reconciliation . lie could not afford tosacrifice his principles _because he wOuhl be . breaking through the basis of the association .- They stood upon the basis of the association . If the Young Ireland party choosed to come in and stand upon that basis thoy were heartily welcome to do SO . The lion , and Learned Gentleman entered fully into the _breacli between the _Ywng Ire _) an- _* era and the Association , and detailed his reasons for _compelling the You"g Ireland party to state their opinions . On June IS last , Lord J . Russell , in his speech on the Coercion Bill , in the House of Commons , spoke as follows : — " There is a numerous body in Ireland , numerOUS even among the Representatives of Ireland , but far more numerous in Ireland , which says that no _legislation of a united Parliament can devise fit
remedies for Irish grievances , and that it is in a domestic Parliament alone that fit nnd wise _legislation is to be sought . ( Hear , hear . ) Such , is their opinion . There is another , I hear , who , if ; I read _rightly their sentiments , as expressed in a newspaper—I will name it—culled The Nation , which has great circulation in Ireland , _icho go beyond the question of legislative union ' ,- who would wish not merely to restore such a Parliament as that which it was the * boast of Mr . Grattan to four . d , and which legislated under the soeptre of the same _Sovereign as the Parliament of Great Britain , " but a party which excites no violence , which looks atdisturban _^ e as its means , and separation from England ; as its
end . " What interest had Lord John Russell ? He had no party interest—he is too _hi-rn-minded . a man to say and think the contrary , when he gavi- this account of the Young Ireland party , Tbey had attempted to deny it . The reform was carried by moral force . The _Anti-Corn-law League was carried by moral force . Why , we succeeded before them , ( Englishmen , ) and English success was only encouraged by our success , ( flear _, hear . ) But it was unfortunate for themselves , they were implicated in the guilt of treason . They did not understand tha law . He said distinctly there are two kinds nf treason . On the 18 th of July The Nation deliberately published this . The Learned Gentleman here read the tollowing : —
" France sent them offers of help and guidance through M . l . edru Rollin , and fhrbngh many a surer senrce . America talked openly of Baltimore clippers and raids over Canadian border . " ' * And some have believed that a country haunted with the memory ef heroic resistance and proud victories from the field of the yellow ford to the Church of Dungannon , and hoi ; with shame and indignation at suffering and disgrace without end , would at length rise and snatch the liberty" so long denied . That her Chief , weary of hope deferred , would at length proclaim that patience had limits , and resolve now again to " Right her wrongs in battie line . "
" We fully confess that much was written in this journal tending remotedly to that end . calculated to Stimulate the hope and desire of great and s ; , redy changes wrought by s people ' s might . " —Nation , Saturday , ISth July , 1846 . The Learned Gentleman concluded by referring to several legal authorities , shewing tbey would be cuiUy of high treason if they , held the same opinion ** as the Young Ireland party did . Several Subscriptions _havine been handed in , 'he rent was announced to be £ 104 . ls . 6 i _., and the meeting separated .
Sir Robert Peel And Free Trade. The Inha...
SIR ROBERT PEEL AND FREE TRADE . The inhabitants of the town of Elbing , in Prussia , having some time since addressed a letter of _congratulation to Sir Robert Peel , on the successful termination ofthe efforts ofthe late Premier for the establishment of Free Trade , have recently , as we learn i ' rom the Berlin journals , received the following refly to their memorial .- — | "Iondon , August 6 , 184 C . " Your address , in whieh you express your approbation Of the great measures of financial and commercial reform which I haveconsiaereo . it my duty tO lay before Parlia * men t , I _h-n-e received with very great pleasure . The Ob » jeet of the Income-tax was not only to make good a deficit , but also to lay the foundation ofa more just system
of taxation , by putting an end to duties before levied oa raw materials , as _wull as those vexatious regulations of the eXCiSe , and UlC UUtles on many kinds o _* produce ne . _euesav-, ' to the comfort of the working- classes . The Bill _having for its object the limitation of the paper currency , has in no way affected public or individual interest nor has the country ueen thereby deprived of the advantages of a paper circulation ; but in placing thc issue of-this medium of exchange under certain _reasonable restraints , the Bill has been the means of checking abuse in times of great critics 1 importance to the commercial interests of the country as well as of unusual speculation ; This Bill has given _topnper money a settled value in making it al . ways exchangeable with specie . I learn with pleasure thatthe intent and iffuet of _thesO measures have been properly appreciated by distinguished politicians of other
countries . That part of yonr address wherein you admit the principle of commercial legislation , which , by order of Par . 'iament , is now in force , hag afforded nae above all things the most lively satisfaction , The measures proposed for the diminution of Custom-house duties have been brought forward without any similar concessions baringbeen offered by foreign countries ; they have been proposed because the general interest of the country demanded it . Their effects are sufficiently advantageous to fully justify the steps we hare taken , for it is contrary to the principles of political economy to _purehase at a
dear rate articles of inferior value ; and the authors of tins measure have thought , without entering into negoeiations and minute details that the principles of their commercial legislation would beadopted by other nations . Difficulties and obstacles may arise ; ami financial embarrassment , which appears to be the strongest _argument in support of the protective system , will , in certain countries , be advanced as a _reasun for continuing it . Individuals who profit by high duties are favourably listened to by the Government ; in other cases they form the most numerous part of the population , or at least a powerful party in the legislative assemblies .
" Interests are thus represented en masse ; but _rfcis isolated interest cannot long offer resistance to the arguments and manifest interest of the great social body . The public finances labour under a double disadvantage ; first , by tbe prejudice with which they are regarded , and the consequent support offered to smuggling ;; and , se . condly , by tbe great expenses incurred in its suppression ; so tbat , eventually , it will be seen by those who are responsible for the financial condition of their T 6-Kpective countries , that it is prudent and politic to replace , by such moderate duties as will permit the com . merce and revenue of the country to increase , those high duties which either diminish , _« r _alto-jetlur prohibit , the importation of foreign produce , and sustain certain branches of trade at the expense of the public finances .
" The social condition of th _& t country which maintains with the great rigour the protective system , will be opposed to the state of another which has adopted liberal principles ; and the conviction of tbe value of such principles will not obtain , unless by the encouragement of the freedom of exchange amongst all the nations of the world ; the _welbbeing of each individual will be increased , andthe will of Providence will he fulfilled—that Providence which has given to every country a sun , a climate , and a soil , each differing one from the other , not for the rarpose of rendering them severally independent of each other , but on the contrary , in order that tliey may ftel their reciprocal _dependence by the exchange of their respective produce , thus causing them to enjoy in commoB the blessings of Providence , It is thus that we find in commerce the means of advancing civilisation , of appeasing jealousy and national _prejudicn , and of bringing about _sv _univorsAl pence , either frum national interest , or from Christian duty . " I have tho honour , ic , "Ho' _-eht Peel . "
Smrwbeck -On The Morning Of Thursday Last The Schooner Brunswick Packet, With A Cargo Oi
SmrwBECK -On the morning of Thursday last the schooner Brunswick Packet , with a cargo oi
Oats From Archangel, Left This Harbour, ...
Oats from Archangel , left this harbour , ana , about two o ' clock on the afternoon of the same day , she missed stays off Moussa Isle , and struck on a roek and Boon went down . The crew saved themselves with great difficulty , some of them being severely injured . They saved nothing but the clothes they bad on them at the time . They had only as much time as to get tbe boat launched and cut from th , vessel . — John C Groat ' s Journal ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 5, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_05091846/page/7/
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