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italandin the-midst of the October 5, 18...
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AMELIORATION OF IRELAND. Some time ago, ...
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MINISTERIAL "REPUDIATION." The "repudiat...
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"WEDIX G UP OF THE LACEY FUND. The commi...
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MONIES RECEIVED Fob imi "Wsbx Eitoino Th...
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CHARTIST INTELLIGENCE , MR. JONES ATABER...
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PERSECUTION OF CHARTISM AT GREENWICH. Th...
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i^tton&l aantr Company*
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; GtiORoiE Mms.—A meeting of members was...
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES. T...
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TRADES OF GREAT BRITAIN. • BEAD, MARK, L...
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Copies ofthe Constitution and Rules of t...
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Pauper Labour.—The Sheffield papers cont...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Abuse Of National Property. The Whigs Ar...
— . . _^__ _- _ _i : _«_^* J _« _-r . v . k . _nn _. An _mnnia _iion of a lasting alienation between the peop le W their rulers . At present Queen Vicxobia _fcas nrach reason to exclaim , " Save me from jnyfWhig ] friends !"
Italandin The-Midst Of The October 5, 18...
October 5 , 1850 . — :: T . Hfil ;; uKORa _. flBrB _# _-STAR . - _^ I ! _unmro nr nr _.., _* _~ I t __«— 1 77 " " ' _M " ' ¦ _^ _^ — ii _^^ _jaa _^^ _B , _^ _- _^—^^_
Amelioration Of Ireland. Some Time Ago, ...
AMELIORATION OF IRELAND . Some time ago , s _^ _^ _g _^^ in London , _foTtho _pu-rpose of ft _^ ing _^ t _tos called the Irish Amehoration Society . 5 SLS . _TmJSded over oh one occasion by apeer _S _^ ded ; and , having heard _nofiungof the Society since that time , we feared that , like man y other well-meant attempts to improve gie condition of the Sister Isle , it had fallen to the ground .
It was with no small degree of pleasure , therefore , -that VB reaa th * other day , an interesting report of proceedings at "the Bog of Alien , which proved that our fears were unibnnded , and that the Society had made gore and steady , though noiseless , progress , with its "beneficent and much-needed project Perhaps it had succeeded all the better for being so quiet . The evils that afflict Ireland have been too much talked about The plans for their removal have , in too many instances , also began and ended is words . A determined , working , silent
association , bent npon accomp lishing its objects , is * novelty in Irish movements ; and , entertaining aB we did at the first , _ahigh opinion of its capabilities , we are happy to find the promoters have exercised so much practical judgment in their proceedings . It is unnecessary for ns to enumerate the varied and long-existing causes which have combined to disorganise Ireland , and reduce it to its present position . The evil that has thus grown np—not as a whole , or in a sing le night —cannot , in a single day , be overcome . No wave of a fairy wand can cover her surface with smiling harvests , and a prosperous , happy _nonnlation . Step bv step , that consummation
must be attained—if ever . Mr . Jaspek Rogers , the originator of this Association , _seems to have successfully taken one important step towards the regeneration of his country . 'The Society has undertaken what , at first •• s j _^ t , appears _, a parados and an impossibility , and what , if performed , wiU be admitted tobe - -among the most difficult and useful tasks to -which human enterprise can be devoted . It _prcjrasesto make something out of nothing , or Tatha _* , we may say , out of a combination of too nothings . Ingredients which are useless , or even noxious , when separate , are to be rendered highl y valuable by being broug ht together _. Between tbe foul refuse of the London
sewers , which at present poisons the Thames , and cuts off more thousands annually by typ hus than were slain at Waterloo , and the soar sodden mosses , which spread over thousands of acres , thirty feet deep , constitute the " Bog of Allen , " there appeared little connexion . Modern science has made the important discovery that , by bringing them together , the junction is at once simple and profitable . The Society based npon this discovery , promises to work it out , and thereby to secure a large share of two o f the prime blessings of life , health to the town , and wealth to the
country , hy one and the same operation . Charcoal is known fo possess the peculiar property , in its various forms , of arresting the progress , and neutralising the effluvia of decomposition in organised substances . These effluvia in crowded cities are the chief concommitants if not the original causes of infection , and their existence renders the removal and disposal of the accumulating refuse alike disagreeable and difficult . The old modes had confessedl y failed to effect the object , and the researches of chemists called into existence a class of chemical re-agents
called "Deodorisers , '' with the view of supply ing a remed y for great sanitary defects . Many prescri ptions were thus easily prepared which had the property of fixing the valuable gases , and thus rendering the resulting compound innocuous . But , generally speaking , these included different metallic salts of a highly poisonous character ; and in order to pr o mote th e r ap id and general use of such re-agents , it became an object of the greatest importance to find some deodorising ingredient not destructive to vegetable life , so that _thenaoseens effluvia might be removed without destroying the value of the mass as a
manure . Mr . Rogers , b y successive and dili gent experiments , demonstrated the fact , that __ charcoal possessed these combined qualities in the highest degree , and also led him to the conclusion , that of all charcoal , that made from peat was the cheapest and the best . On that fact the Irish Amelioration Society was based . The great want of Ireland is immediate profitable emp loyment for her people at home . In Ireland it is calculated that three millions of
acres o f b o g , of the most dreary and desolate appearance , offer their illimitable supplies of peat , for which , when converted into charcoal , London alone , if properl y managed , will furnish a demand for more than 2 , 000 , 000 tons annually . The lowest cost of wood charcoal in England is 41 . a ton . The society expects to make a good profit out of 30 s . With such an extensive demand , and so wide a marg in in price , it will be strange if a profitable and new trade be not speedily established between the Eng lish metropolis and the " useless " bogs of Ireland .
The society has made an active beginning . The visitors invited to the inauguration fete saw the humble and simple commencement of operations which , if successfully carried out , wOl do more for the elevation ofthe peop le of Ireland than a thousand years of wordy ag itation , by men -who knoTV nothing of practical industry , and constructive organisation for reproductive purposes . The very simplicity and inexpensiveness of the preparations for prosecuting their labours , form with ns a
strong reason for believing in the success of the undertaking . There are no costly preliminary preparations , involving the investment of a l a r ge a m o unt of capit a l , before a ny r e tur n can be realised . There is equally little interference with the previous pursuits and habits ofthe people who are to be emp loyed . If improvement comes afterwards , it will come , naturall y and progressivel y , ont of the improved circumstances in which they are placed .
Three wooden erections , so lig ht as to find a foundation on the spongy hog , with a few plank huts , sufficed to contain the requisite apparatus , and to shelter the 400 men , women , and boys , who are already emp loyed in cutting the peat That is done by a regular system , by which the labour 13 not only greatly facilitated , but rendered much more healthy and pleasant than the ordinary way . The waterlogged cakes , after being cut , are first dried as _fatas the atmosphere will dry them , and then charred in iron retorts , separated _according to qualities , and packed in bags for the _English market . The labour employed is _nearl _^ the
sole cost ofthe article produced , and the returns , after deducting the dividends to the shareholders , which are limited b y the charter of incorporation to six per cent , will he distributed in the shape of wages among the Irish peop le . Mr . Rogers , in his speech , stated that the charter " almost imposed" the obli gation upon the Society to establish 200 stations thr o ug hout Ireland , for the same purpose and on the same pattern as that presented to the visitors . If this were done , and the same proportion of persons employed at each , there would be immediate , direct , and profitable employment supplied for 80 , 000 individuals , besides the numbers who wonld find a livelihood
in the various occupations consequent upon the transport and sale of the commodity . There U here a far moro secure investment than Austrian or Russian bonds for British
Amelioration Of Ireland. Some Time Ago, ...
capital ; and , in the-midst of the numerous p lana devised for the improvement of Ireland , we hope that one so eminentl y practical in itself , so moderate in its demands , and capable of conferring such immediate , substantial , and wide-spread benefits will not be lost sight of . The _abusesef Irish . landlordism abolished , and the Irish people employed , Ireland will become a great nation _. Mnifail v and . in the mid nf . nf fho m , _^ , _^ ..
Ministerial "Repudiation." The "Repudiat...
MINISTERIAL "REPUDIATION . " The " repudiating" states of America have passed into a bye-word of reproach among the gold-worshipping middle classes of this country . They are excessively sensitive in their breeches pockets , and can full y comprehend the enormity of robbing prosperous , well-todo money-lenders . "What is sance for the gander is , however , not sauce for the goose . When the investments of the working and poorer classes are concerned , these " comfortable" people feel not the slightest horror at " repudiation . " They rather like it , if it appears to save them a few shillings , and if they do not audibl y applaud the Minister who perpetrates the swindle , think in their hearts he is a very clever fellow .
We have , upon various occasions , shown the unjust and dishonest position of the Government towards all Savings Banks . By special Acts of Parliament these Banks are sanctioned by the G o vernment , the people invest their savings on the faith of that sanction , and the State , by other Acts of Parliament , takes the exclusive use of the money thus invested . Yet , th o ug h the connexion , the advantage and the responsibility is thus clear and distinct , the Chancellor of the Exchequer repudiates Governmental responsibility to all Savings Banks , while he leaves them exposed to all the dangers and peculations incident to their present organisation : with what disastrous results , Rochdale and other cases too well show .
The case of the Cuffe-street Bank , Dublin , has , however , a peculiar and striking aspect . However inconsistent and unsatisfactory may be the relations between the Finance Minister and these institutions generall y , these relations may admit of argument , if not justification . But with the Cuffe-street Bank there can be neither . The investors in that bank have been directly led on to ruin by the conduct ofthe Government . The case , as proved by the evidence before the Select Committee , and not denied even by Sir Charles Wood in the House of Commons , is
an exceeding ly plain one . In 1831 , the National Debt Commissioners -were aware of a serious defalcation in the bank , but refused to interfere in the manner they were required to do by the act . They again refused in 1838 . In 1848 they were again pressed to interpose , but they repeated their refusal . The ground on which they justified this repeated breach of duty , was , tbat a panic would be created by tbeir interference . The panic came , as might be expected , in spite of tbeir abstinence . A run was made upon the bank in 1818 , and it was fonnd to be completely bankrupt . To
meet liabilities amounting to 65 , 0002 ., there were assets a few shillings over ninety pounds The depositors applied to Parliament . They established a clear and distinct claim for payment of twenty shillings in the pound , and after fencing with the question in the most disreputable and dishonest manner for two Sessions , Sir Charles Wood proposed last Session to pay 30 , 000 / . towards making up their losses , not aB a right but , as a " * charity . " The Irish members , assisted by not a few honest English members on both sides of the House , refused " charity ' ' in such a case .
Either the depositors had a claim , or they had not . In the one case we were bound to pay twenty shillings in tbe pound ; on the other , we set an inconvenient . precedent in such cases . If , out of _charity , we gave ten shillings in the pound to the losers by the Cuffestreet bankruptcy , * -why not to Rochdale—to every other class of claimants of a similar kind ? While , however , they repelled the name of charity , they did not refuse the money as an instalment , and s o the 30 , 0007 . was voted .
Voted—bnt wrt paid . Sir Chables does not like to part with money to poor peop le . If a Royal Duke wants a few thousands , he is deli ghted to oblige him . If a slice of tbe people ' s park is to be stolen and walled o ff , he will furnish the means for doing so with the utmost alacrity . If stables are to be built for a royal child , who may never live to use them , the cash is ready ; bnt to pay even ten shillings in the pound to poor miserable creatures , who have lo 3 t their all by placing faith in Government—that is not so easy a matter .
The depositors were naturally drawn to Dublin in the hope of getting the instalment of ten shillings voted by Parliament , on the motion of the Finance Minister himself . They found nothing therefor tbem . The Lord Mayor of Dublin , t heref o re , applies o n th e ir behalf to the Exchequer , to know when the money will be forthcoming ; whereupon Sir Charles has recourse to another intensely shabby and dirty dodge , with the view of escap ing from further payments . He cooll y rep lies that , " as a preliminary to the payment of the dividend , he expects the public to make up the rest by a subscription , and that , as a matter of course , the Lord Mayor -mil head
the list , to set an example to others . " Now , when it is recollected tbat the gentleman thus addressed was one of the most determined and unflinching advocates of the fnll claims of the depositors , the astounding impudence of the Chancellor ' s proposal will be seen in all its audacitj . Mr . Reynolds , to his credit , sturdily refused to take part in any such proceeding ; and rig htl y , because he -would thereby have damaged the unquestionable claims of the depositors to a payment in full . He very properl y , therefore , stuck to his claim , and demanded the ten shillings voted by Parliament ; and so Sir Charles at last , having exhausted his tricks and evasions , now hints that he will move in the matter , and set about pay ing .
This delay and shuffling shabbiness increases the disgust -which such conduct-was calculated to produce from the commencement . It tends to sink the whole of the Government still lower in the estimation of every man with a spark of justice in his composition , and to produce a national sensation of shame , that our country is disgraced by so ineffably mean and contemptible a Government . They seem as if they had been cutout for thimble-riggers or petty larceners , and placed in their present positions by some inexplicable mistake . When a Government thus evinces the absence of all sense of
self-respect and of that dignity which shonld characterise men in their high position , their end is at hand . They can have no moral influence either at home or abroad . The only thing tbat can sustain them is force , and that is a weapon sure to break in the hands that wield it . A few more such illustrations of the Whig princip le of Government : war npon the weak —submission to the strong—a few more examples of lavish and unstinted grants to those connected with the p rivileged classes , coupled with injustice to the poor , w ill , we trust , fill up the measure of their iniquities , and relieve us for ever of a ministry which is , in every sense ofthe word , a national calamity .
"Wedix G Up Of The Lacey Fund. The Commi...
"WEDIX G UP OF THE LACEY FUND . The committee has the pleasure of announcing thatthe object for which it was appointed is obtained—namely , to collect a sum sufficient to con-YjJz _? - ' , _* and her _tomuy to "Wm . Lacey , in _iKr _:- _" _! _^ that there is a balance in hand . _Thnw _?* _" _«* «*¦ must be sent in immediately . The balance sheet will appear next week . _^ _Roch e 8 ter-8 _treet _^ & * " _**•
Monies Received Fob Imi "Wsbx Eitoino Th...
MONIES RECEIVED Fob imi "Wsbx _Eitoino _Thubsdat , Octohib 3 hd , 1850 . TOR IHB WINDING-UP OF THE LAP COMPANY . Received hy W . Rideb . —M . Oates , Sheffield 6 d—ThoB . John , James , Frederick , Maria , and Mary Ann Stone , Newbury 3 s—Mr . Dobson , Newbury 6 d— -Mr . Taylor , Newbury 6 d—Me 3 ira . J . 0 . J . and Mary Ana Tomlinson _, Fda . ton Gate _-is—South Shields , per "W . _Gilfillan 15 s—Bolton , per J . _Pickrance 7 s 6 d . Received at Land Office . —John _Dorels—D . Elgood Is H . Rowley 3 d—G . Boan 2 s—Mr . Leeson 6 d—J . Elpbinson 3 d—Mr . Bent Gd—Mr . Woner 3 d—F . Stone 3 d—T . Chap _, man 3 d , £ s . d . Receired by W . Rider .. .. 111 0 Receired at Land Office .. .. 0 6 3 Total .. .. .. £ 117 3 THE HONESTY FUND . Received by W . Ridib . —Messrs . J . G . J . and Mary Ann Tomlinson , Foston Gate 2 s—Bolton , per J . Pickvahce 6 d . AGITATION FOR THE CHARTER Received by John Abnott . —Mr . Lawrence , Tower Hanlets , per W . Davis 7 s—Wm . R . Sharp , per Mr . Moring ls—J . Knight , Manchester ls—T . Ecesilesley , Pendleton Is--Tiverton , per W . Kibheyl 2 _s—R . Le Blond ls-F . Crump ls—Edinburgh , per George Bremner It 15 s—Todmorden , per J . Firth ls—Willie White , Manchester Cd—Seven Red Republicans , Thorpe 7 s . FOR THE HUNGARIAN REFUGEES . Received by W . Rideb . —Sheffield Young Men ' s Improvement Society , per T . Hague 8 s—From Abergavenny—T . C . Ingram ls—Bruce Ingram ls—C . Beams ls—T . Goby 3 d . FOR POLISH REFUGEES . Received by W . Rideb . —E . Todd , Newcastle Is . — -Received by John Abnott . —From Greenwich—Mr . _Wilsher , 6 d—Mr . _Enticot 6 d—Mr . Monday 6 d—a few Sympathisers , Bridgewater , per J . Staples 5 s . FOR MRS . LACEY . Received by John Abnott . —Pendleton , per Mr . R » binson ls 8 d . . FOR THE IRISHMAN NEWSPAPER . Received at Land Office . —G . W . ls . TRACT FUND . Received by -John Abnoit . —Portsmouth , per E . Nobbs , 2 s 64 . DEBT DUE TO MR . NIXON , Received by John Abnott . —Pendleton , per Mr . Robinson 3 d . VICTIM FUND . Beceived by John Abnott . —G . _Greenslade 4 s fid . THE CASE OF THOMAS JONES . Received by John Abhott . —Mr . R . Le Blond 10 s—J . Rogers 4 d—J . WiHrie 6 _d-H . Wnks 6 _d—< S . Wilks 6 d—W . Freeman 6 _d—Mr . Morpeth 6 a "—a Friend 6 d—A . Henderson 6 d—Mr . James , per G . Wilks lg—Kentish Town ( part proceeds of Concert ) per Mr . Moore 7 s 6 d—West End Bootmen ( Haby ' s Meeting , ) per Mr . Harrap 12 s .
Chartist Intelligence , Mr. Jones Ataber...
CHARTIST INTELLIGENCE , MR . JONES ATABERDEElf . ( Concluded from ihe first page . ) According to the previous announcement , Mr . Jones delivered a lecture in the Union Hall , on the evening of Saturday , September 28 th , and the Hall was again crowded . Mr . George Smart in the chair . The subject ofthe lecture was " Bread and Freedom ; showing the political and ' social causes of the prevalent _misery , disease , and crime , . and the effectual means ofits removal . " The lecturer showed , in the most convincing manner , that the causes of the prevalent misery is competition and the monopoly of land and machinery . He showed
that free trade , by placing the overtaxed workers of this country in competition with the light taxed o p er a ti v es of f o r e i gn lands , was increasing our misery , by _reducing our wages to enable our manufacturer to undersell the foreigner ; that the peop le of other countries were beg inning to manufacture for themselves , and tbat onr foreign trade must _soom suffer . He said , that the present gleam of prosperity in the manufacturing districts was in consequence ofthe unsettled state of the continent ; cre at ing a d e mand for Eng l ish goods , but this would soon pass away . He showed that emigration , by taking away from the country the men wbo had some small capital , was only adding to the evil , by taking away so much money from the country ,
which would otherwise be spent at home . He s how e d tha t machinery , by displacing working men , and thus creating surplus hands , enabled the employer to reduce wages to the starvation point . He thought that emigration would be a good thing if l a wyers , p a rsons , bi s hops , and the grade a little higher still , including all the idle aristocratic portion of society , were bundled out of the country . He would like to see competition among lawyers a nd bishops , if it was a good thing , as they said it was . His remedy for prevalent misery was the land . He showed that a family could be supported on two acres of land ; and he stated that there were eleven acres to each family in the United Kingdom , and though some would say that two acres were not sufficient for a family , none could say that eleven
acres was not enough ; and yet hundreds were starving , and more particularly in that unhappy country—Ireland . Isolated societies of working men was not the w ay to remove distress , for , so l e n g as th ey did little or a n y good , the y would b e toler a ted , but as soon as t hey became formid a bl e the government would sweep them away . They must get political power before they could get the land . The Charter could be got by union and determin a tion am on g the p eo ple . Let each one become a member of the National Charter Association , and little more remained to be done . . Mr . Jones brought out a number of important and convincing facts during the lecture , which must have made a powerful impression on the audience . He w a s li ste n e d to wi t h marke d attention , and sat down warmly applauded .
Mr . W . Lindsat moved a resolution condemnatory of a vulgar and contemptible paragraph , in r e f e r e nce to t he m e e t in g of t he p revious evening which appeared in the Aberdeen Herald of that day . The resolution was seconded by Mr . Deans , and waa carried by acclamation . Mr . D e ans then moved the thanks ofthe meeting to Mr . Ern e st Jones , whieh was seconded b y Mr . Fiddb **; , and carried unanimously amidst great cheering . Mr . Jones returned thanks ; and , after a vote of th a nks to the Chairm a n , on the motion of Mr . Jones , and three cheers for the Charter , the meeting separated .
Iff ** TnnAn _Vtno _Wama _lMIMAtiea # vAAi _4 i * t 4-tit a _Skii-c _* Mr . Jones has done immense good in this city , and he has left an impression that will not be soon effaced .
Persecution Of Chartism At Greenwich. Th...
PERSECUTION OF CHARTISM AT GREENWICH . The Wat Tyler locality , anxious to have a place in which working men conld freely assemble , entered into a written agreement for the use of _Addis _' s Academy , Church Fields , for Sunday and Tuesday evening . They accordingly issued out bills , announcing their opening meeting for Tuesday evening , October t he lst ; but on arriving a t the door s they were barred against the public , and two members of the " force were beeping guard over them . A written placard stated that by proceeding to the King ' s Arms Tavern , an explanation of the circnmstanees would be given ; but as soon as a few friends entered the large room of this Tavern , the waiter announced that no Chartist meeting could be allowed t here , as " 'twould put master ' s licence in
danger ; " and a considerable number of persons were stopped at the door by a person believed to be the landlord , who told them , " They could not go np stairs ; he had ordered the gas to be turned ofiv " On this , an adjournment took place to the Globe Tavern , near the Lecture Hall . Jlr . B ligh was called to the chair , and said , he hai hoped to bave met them in the intended Working Man ' s Lecture Hall . His friend , Mr . C . Jeffrey , and the Wat T yler locality , had taken the Academy in Church Fields , and held in their hands a copy of the written agreement on -which they had paid a deposit of five shillings , at the time the agreement was drawn up , with an understanding that the remainder was to be paid on tbe 28 th of
September , on which day , before twelve o clock , Mr . Jeffrey attended and tendered the money in presence of witnesses , but the money w a s refused They had attended that n i g ht at the specified time , when tbe y found the _doors l ocked and bolted a g a inst them ; however , they had been advised to take proceedings in the shape of an action for damages in the County Court , which advice they intended to follow ; they had engaged Messrs . O'Brien , Ellis , and other lecturer ? , had printed bills , and incurred o t her expenses , which they were resolved not to lose . ( Hear . ) For the future , he trusted that working men would combine and get ground , and build Halls for themselves , and thus prevent a recurrence of . similar circumstances . ( Hear . )
Mr . Jeffbet read the copy of agreement , and the acknowledgment of the receipt of the five _shjlliBgs deposit , and said he had six persons who * witnessed that he tendered the two pounds five shillings on Saturday last , according to previous arrangement . Mr . Joun Absott moved , — " That this meeting recommends Mr . Charles Jeffrey , and the Greenwich friend s , t o ins t itute proceed i ngs in the County Court , for the recovery of damages caused by th e breach of agreement to the amount of ten pounds ; and that this meeting pledges itself to aid Mr . Jeffrey and friends in the prosecution of the same . " Mr . T . Jeffkey seconded the motion . Mr . Wild warml y eulog ised the patriotism of Mr . Jeffrey , and supported the motion .
Mr . Hooper warmly concurred in the motion * wbich was put , and carried unanimously . * Mr . Hooper tben moved , — - * That a subscription be now commenced , to aid in carrying oa the action . " Mr . _BoxtER seconded the motion , "' - fhich waa carried , and the sum of aine shillings _^ olleotedt . Mr . Wild move 4 » . Y . Qteof _tifeVjkat-aMrr _, Cha s <
Persecution Of Chartism At Greenwich. Th...
_fiS _^ 'I" - _? w 8 'e » t exertions on the * present and w v r _^ _"ion - in behalf of democracy . _* _„* _„ 0 T _"WOBded the motion , which was carried unanimously . _a . _££ ; _° " , Jf F ? . 8 aid he was delig hted to find his _SJSS . * ° _kindIy ai ( % theni in his attempt to put _oown tyranny , and to establish a home for democracy m the borough of Greenwich . ( Cheers . ) Jftr . ; _-BBQNTBRBE O'Bbien said , he had certainly uf L _jfk _? _? disa PP ointea » b « t _not surprised , as ne _nau been similarly served on several occasions . He was glad to find that they had resolved not to submit to such treatment , and that proceedin g s were about to be instituted for damages in the ¦ _i ? ° "rt ; a lth _<>**"* gh Courts of Law were not _"V _~^™'
< _X always Courts of Justice , but frequently onl y Courts of Jaw . ( Laughter . ) Yet this case appeared so clear , t h a t the jud g e c o uld not deliver a decision against it without damaging - himself . ( Hear , hear . ) He trusted the people would become alive to their own interest , get a piece of land , and Dunn a hall for themselves ; and as there always were , unfortunatel y , . plenty of men out of work , he , thought it might easily be effected ; ( Hear , hear . ) It was the duty ofthe labourer , the mechanics , the small shopkeepers , the clerks , Ac , to unite together , as the landlords and money-mongers were their natural enemies . These swallowed up nine-tenths of their earnine . whilst
taxes and tithes made an inroad on the remainder ; hence , it was tbe duty ofthe people to stand by and protect each other . He would not take from the 5 . ? . j e _» but what be wanted was , t hat they should not be allowed , to obtain more wealth by the means than that which they now held was obt 'J ' ' P roPerty . henceforth , should only be obtainable by honest industry ; land , & c , being na tional property , the law . securing its products alike to all wbo labour with hands or head . ( Cheers . ) A vote of thanks was given to Mr . Bligh , and the members of the Wat Tyler locality , for the services they had rendered to Democracy , and the proceedings terminated .
I^Tton&L Aantr Company*
i _^ _tton & l _aantr _Company *
; Gtioroie Mms.—A Meeting Of Members Was...
; _GtiORoiE Mms . —A meeting of members was held in the School-room on the 26 th ult ., w hen the following resolution was adopted : — " Thatthe last Conference having been adjourned until the decision of the Court of Queen ' s Bench , relative to the registration of the said Company , should be kno w n which decision has now been given , joined to the dishonest and unmanly course pursued by a number ofthe located members , we are of opinion that it would be a prudent step for Mr . O'Connor to immediately call that Conference , in order to bring the affairs of the Company to an equitable adjustment . "
National Association Of United Trades. T...
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., President . ' Established 1845 . ' " FIAT jnSTITIA . " "If it were possible for the working classes , by combinin ? among themselves , to raise , or keep lip the general raw of wfifffw _, it , need hardly be said that tmg would he a thing not to he punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced it" _ftnrAUT Mux
The termination of another quarter of a year in our progress offers itself as a fitting occasion for reviewing our position , of instituting a rigid investigation into onr past policy and practice , of vigorously maintaining and extending such portion of it as has resulted in strengthening and popularising our movement and in rectifying and reforming any portion of it which may he considered injurious or inutile , The Central Committee , under the usually adverse influence of a demand for our
additional contribution , protracted something beyond their anticipations , have great cause for congratulation in the fidelity and unexampled constancy of the bodies forming the association . The few and immaterial instances of desertion , ( which in any case , we hope and believe , will prove but temporary ) , is amply counterbalanced by the adhesion of the Sadlers and Brass Wire Drawers of Birmingham , and the Glass Bottle makers of _Hunslet , near Leeds . That a larger number of Trades have not joined us during the quarter we think may be readily a c counted for , first , by the unavoidable interruption to the system of propagandism , so successfully carried out b y the Committee in the earl part o f the and
y year ; , secondl y , from the fact , that many trades are waiting the issue of the Wolverhampton strike , upon the result of which may depend their future policy . The punctuality with which the Trades in connection with us have remitted the additional levy for the Wolverhampton men , we believe to be unexampled in the history of Trades Unions , and is the strongest evidence of faith in our principles , and of confidence in the Central Committee . It is an experiment which the committee were very desirous of testing ; one at all times of a dangerous character , and © ne , which they are sure will very rarely be required for the future . A large increase to the numbers of the association will render additional levies
unnecessary . We believe we shall be in a conditition almost immediately to relieve our members from this additional tax . The Wolverhampton case wears , at the present time , a most favourable aspect . The extent of the committee ' s liabilities is now pretty accurately ascertained , and the prospect of getting the risen into employment becomes every day more probable . The Tin trade was never known to be in a healthier position , and we have great reasons for believing , that a large number of those now on our funds , will find emp loyment in a few days in London . A draught of seven selected men arrived in London on Monday night , the committee paying their travelling expenses , and their lodgings in London , until they get employment .
With a view of promoting their comfort , the seven first vacancies in the New Model Lodging House in George-street , have been secured for them ; the accommodations in which are not to be met with in a private lodging house . In addition to an excellent and strictly private bed room for each individual , the establishment provides for its inmates every f a cilit y in the shape of a , large kitchen , cooking uppa « ratus , day-room , with newspapers , and a selection of useful and entertaining books , warm and cold baths at the trifling additional cost of one peony per bath , and all this at a charge
below that of a fourth-rate public house or lod ging-house . The men have also by this arr a ngement , the additional comfort of being all together , and thus by a system of cooperation economising their means , and enjoying the indulgence of their own society . When these men have succeeded in getting work the committee will be prepared to invite up another detachment . We would now calmly and seriousl y ask the Wolverhampton masters , how they like our arrangements . We would ask them , what expectations they can have , that when the sulky
fit has worn itself out , as it assuredl y must , that these men will leave good shops , and good wages , to again submit themselves to their tyrannical exactions ? It is the duty of the Central Committee , to find immediately employment for these men , and no considerations of ultimate inconvenience to the employers will induce them to pay men to be idle in Wolverhampton , if they can procure employment _, for them in London or elsewhere . What effect the withdrawal of half a hundred of workmen from the labour-market in Wolverhampton may have upon the value of the labour left behind , remains to be seen ; but if there is truth in the Free Trade doctrine that
" to make a thing dear it is is onl y necessary to make it scarce , " then do we think that those Wolverhampton gentlemen are pursuing a very [ suicidal _policy , and that the operative tinmen , will , perhaps , before another year , feel themselves warranted by circumstances , in printing a new edition of " the Book , " revised and amended for the year 1051 , and that we shall again have the pleasure of inviting their acceptance of it , and with far | greater prospects of success than upon the re cent occasion . To those very respectable and rapidly extending firms , Messrs . Walton , Brothers , and Messrs , Shoolbred and Loveridge , whose geueroua conduct throughout this unp leasant struggle presents such a striking
National Association Of United Trades. T...
cputrast _. to _tne ' . nieighbours , we would venture to suggest the sound policy of their _embracing the opportunity whicli now presents itself , of securing the services of a large number of those men whom the avarice and obstinacy of the Perry clique have so thoroughly disgusted . We are aware that they have already taken on several of our men , but not perhaps to the extent which existing circumstances would
justify . There is a very great probability that a large number of orders which these foolish men are rendering themselves incompetent to execute , will find their -way to their warehouses ; and we should be deli ghted to find in this game of speculation , which all trading operations resolve themselves into , that they were in a position to take an honourable advantage ofthe gross blunders oftheir rivals .
The unjust incarceration of Haines , and the other mad pranks ofthe litigious Perry , have very much promoted our cause , by the thorough and unmixed disgust he has created ; there is scarcel y a man , possessing the unconstrained power of locomotion , that has not willingly l e f t hi s empl o ym e nt , a nd ina very large majority of cases where parties had been cajoled into entering into his disgraceful
agreements , they have embraced the first opportunity of giving the requisite notice , with a full determination of leaving at Us expiration . In the meantime , we have the satisfaction of knowing , that from the Land's End to John O'Groats the materiel is not to be found to fill up the vacancies in his workshops caused by his intense selfishness , the vice of so large a portion of his class , ingrafted from a natural proud , mean , despotic , and obstinate
disposition , We hope that Mr . Thvustan and Mr . Fearncombe will see tho wisdom while an opportunity offers for thein , to get back their hands , of withdrawing from this dishonourable alliance , and no longer to permit themselves to be dragged through the filth ofthis very dirty piece of business , at the instigation of the Perry ' s . Let these two worthies divide between them
the whole glory and honour of the disgraceful triumph , or the shame and ignominy ofa disgraceful defeat , for disgraceful to them . is the whole transaction , however it may terminate . But oven that is no longer problematical . Eight years since £ 3 , 000 was spent fruitlessly in an attempt to compel these Perrys to act justly to their men . It has been said that that contest cost Mr . E . Perry about an equal sum , but if his statement has been correctly
reported . to us , "that his acceptance of 'the Book' would make a difference in his profits of £ 400 a year , " being the difference between the prices he pays and what he ought to have paid , then has he during the last eight years amply reimbursed himself for his previous losses , and that too at the expense of his men , who may debit themselves with £ 6 , 200 as the costs ofthe strike of 1842 , and which extended over a period of Dine months .
But how different is now the relative position of Mr . Edward Perry and the tin-plate ¦ wo rkers . On this occasion- —to- speak figuratively—under judicious generalshi p they have but fleshed their swords , and they have their chief opponents hors de combat . Upon this occasion , they ( the tin-plate workers ) bave chosen their own time and circumstances for the fight . The chances are all in their favour ; with an _exhaustless military chest , they no longer depend as formerly upon the extraneous and necessarily limited produce of their foraging parties . Their
opponents have not now as then , an overgorged labour market whence to recruit their forces . Our allied army , if not large , is compact , united , and disciplined , and already are we in a position to convert the active operations of our brief campaign to a close and rigorous blockade , until the redoubtable Perrys will be constrained to surrender at discretion . From every locality are we receiving the strongest assurances of continued support , with an equally unanimous desire that we relax not in our endeavours , until we have achieved a complete victory . We shall religiously fulfil our duty . William Peel , Secretary .
Trades Of Great Britain. • Bead, Mark, L...
TRADES OF GREAT BRITAIN . BEAD , MARK , LEARN , AND INWARDLY DIGEST . ' Fellow Workmen , The Central Committee of this Association claim your earnest attention to a short statement of its origin , its or g anisa t ion , its objects , and its results . For your own sake ; for the sake of those dependent upon you , for the sake of the present and future welf a re of yo ur class , listen to us : —listen , think , and _ict ! It ia not necessary for us to tell you of the constant downward tendency of our class in the social scale , the result of less wages for more work , and the consequent irresistible force which is ever driving
us towards the gloomy gulf of pauperism . You know all this as well as ourselves . You know also that neither individual prudence , energy , and good conduct , nor the united efforts of our local trades unions , have been powerful enough to arrest this gravitation to po v ert y , desti t ution , and ruin . Despite of our brave protracted and desperate strikes —despite of our enormous sacrifices of time and money ; capital and machinery in the hands of a monopolising class , have always ultimately triumphed over the individual operative , or the locally united manual labourers .
Why is this ? Because , within the last half century there have been brought into action new mechanical and scientific powers of production , which have totally revolutionised the condition of the working CI AS 8 63 So long as the market was dependent for the supply of commodities mainly upou the productions of manual labour , tbe workmen could exercise considerable influence upon it . They had , to a large extent _, the power of regulating prices in their own hands , by means of strikes and internal trade regulations , they could apply the principle of supply and demand for their benefi t , and t hrou g h t he limitation of a pp ren t ices , regulate the su pp ly of labour , aud of the goods produced .
That time has passed away ; Watt , Hargreaves , Arkwright , and their successors in practical invention have giren a new aspect to the industrial world . Human labour , by being brought into direct competition with automaton workers fabricated by the machinist , and set in mo ion by steam , has become a comparative drug . The control of the workman over the markets and over prices either of goods or wages has been destroyed . The large capitalists and machine owners hold his destiny in their bands , as long as this new state of affairs is not met by adequate and appropriate measures on tb . 6 part of the industrious classes .
The National Association of "United Trades , or iginated in this conviction . Its founders saw clearly that it was sheer madness for any small section of the army of industry to attempt single handed to cope with the gigantic and universal power of capital and machinery . Defeat , certain , bitter and ruinous defeat , could be ,- can be , the only natural and ordinary termination of such unequal contests . If labour is to stand upon independent and equal grounds ; if it is to be rewarded according to the value of its share in the production of wealth , and not according to the necessities of the workers , it is t hr o ugh t he medium of a national organisation alone .
U p wards of 1 0 0 d e le gat es from ev er y branch of industry and from every district ofthe empire assembled in London on Easter Monday , 18 * 15 , under the presidency of that noble and disinterested patriot , T . S . Buncombe , Esq ., M . P ., to _discusB the means by which such an important and vital idea could be carried into practice . These delegates after determining the principles on which this great national labour leaoub sh o uld be b a sed , committed the duty of preparing a _aimp le and ad eq u a te o r g anisation to a committee of the most experienced and able men among them , with instructions to present the constitution and rules so prepared for the sanction of another conference . In the month of June m the same year , the constitution , as prepared by the Committee , received the sanction of a Conference , equally numerous and powerful , and a working staff was elected to carry it into effect .
National Industrial Union in connexion with MOBAt force is the fundamental principle of the _Asscciation , strikes and turn outs aro only resorted to when all attempts at arbitration and mediation , upon terms honourable and , just to both parties , fail . In these mediations the Associated Trades have the advantage of the personal services , and experience of the members of the Central Committee , aided by the moral and pecuniary power of a National Organisation . We need not point out , in detail , the superiority of this mode of dealing with disputes between employers and emp loyed , over the old system . It may suffice to say that it appeals , in the first instance , to the higher and better faculties of our nature , and , there-
Trades Of Great Britain. • Bead, Mark, L...
fore , has a _greatif ( _foiDitvl securing a just and _aancable -settlement of thd iltfSttnce .. In the second place , it brings to hear _uptfff the minds o employers a powerful public opinion , whi < 5 n * has a marked aad wholesome influence upon their cCMH & fct ; anu * ia : the third , instead of having to deal ' . with _tbeirom Hands ,.. or the workmen of their own town , whom they may intimidate , cajole , set by the ears , or overreacb _^ hey have to negotiate with men accu « tome « to such matters , and possessed ofthe know _! edge , _expenence , tact , and independence which naturafly g row ou t of such p o s i t ion .
The past career of the Association has fully home out the expectations of i's promoters , as to the _« S * cacy of this mode of action . During the five yeart that it has been in existence , it ha s won b y m e di at ion a lone , a serie s of vic t ories f o r t he t r a de s co nnec t ed with it , unparalleled in the history of any other industrial union . Large reductions , and inconvenient and irritating altercations , have been prevented j wages have been raised , and disputes amicably sett led in hundreds of cases , AND IN ALMOST EVEBT branch of industrt , at a cost of money-outlay far less than has often been fruitlessly thrown away upon a single month ' s strike of one trade .
When strikes and turn-outs have been absolutely necessary they have been conducted with order and disci p line , under the best legal advice , and with every advantage that could be derived from a t hor o ug h knowledge ofthe industrial condition of Iho country at large . Whenever the law has been perverted or stretched by ignorant or partial magistrates , the Association has stepped in to fight the oppressor with its own weapons , and tb throw , for the . first time , tbe shield of the lav between the struggling workman , and those who have hitherto made it but " the instrument of some new tyranny , t hat every day starts up to enslave us deeper . " Had the trades rallied round this Association as vrt _) had a right to expect , it would long era this time bave been looked up to as a general arbitrator in aB cases of dispute between masters and workmen . Even with the limited support it has received , we
have either successfully resisted reductions or raised wages , in the cases of cotton spinners , power-loom weavers , silk pickers , and various descriptions of factory operatives . Block printers , frame w ork knit t ers , locksmiths , crate makers , sawyers , c hair m a k e rs , sawyers , chair makers , wire drawers and win * weavers , tinplate workers , plumbers , paper makers , gun makers , nail makers , joiners , coopers , shoemakers , stonemasons , lath splitters , hatters , shipwrights , salt rock miners , chain makers , and ia fact every kind and variety of trade and occupation . We have done this with comparatively small means , and a narrowerfield of operation than we anticipated . It rests now with the trades at large whether , on the ba s is o f our pa s t e x pe rience , and wi t h t he p rov e d and tried efficacy of the Association , they will enrol themselves under a noble p resident , in a just and honourable national federation , whose motto is ,
"A Fair Day ' s _Waqb fob a Fair Day ' s Labour , " to be secured through moral , constitutional , an 4 peaceable measures only . Fellow Workmen 1 The machinery by which our Association is carried out , is of the most simple and expansive description , the constitution offers the m o st a mp le and equitable terms to all the Trades oa the principle of Mutual Assurance . We do not interfere in the slightest degree with the internal m & _- nagement of separately Organised Trades' Bodies ia the provinces . That is left entirely to the local officers elected by the members themselves . In order to join the National Association , it is only
necessary for any trade to signify its intention to do so , and forward therewith sixpence entrance money , fer each member , together with twopence in the pouni on the avera g e wa g es earned in the trade as s t ruck by __ the members themselves . These graduated contributions have to be forwarded monthly to the Central Office , by t he local officers of e ac h trade , and ia return they can command the services of the Central Committee in case of any dispute , and where Btrikes or turnouts are imperative a liberal weekly allowance is paid in proportion to the weekly poundage onthe average wages . Thus all inconvenient interference with local business is avoided , and the full advantages of national co-operation are secured at the same time .
The books are carefully kept and audited every quarter of tbe-year byan eminent public _accountant and a full financial report sent to every trade in connexion with the Association , so tbat they may have complete and correct information on all pecuniar / matters , and be enabled to exercise a watchful vigilance and control over the funds . On Whit-Monday in every year , a Conference cf delegates from the various trades , is held in soda t own or city as may be agreed upon at the preview Conference , when tbe whole afiairs of the Association are subjected to a rigid scrutiny , any proposal alterations m the laws and management discussed , and the Central Committee and officers for the ensn ing year elected ; thus giving the Trades , _through their delegates , a direct and complete control over the whole of the proceedings . Such , Fellow Workmen , a re the just , a m p le , and easy methods by which you may combine in yonr moral * , intellectual , and pecuniary strength for the improvement ofyour condition as a class .
But the Association with this great and paramomft object in view does not stop with the mere regulation of wages , though its attention is directed -to that in the first place . It has prepared plans , base upon careful and practical calculations by which the ruinous tendency of the competition of manual _labour with machinery may be neutralised . The _munificent and beneficent idea of its founders waa to law the foundation of new and superior social _anfl industrial arrangements by the adoption of the sett _, employing principle , and the _combination of the sup *
plus capital and labour of the trades for their owa sustenance , heal t h , e dueation , and enjoyment . * Wc shall readily and gladly supply any trade with the full particulars and descriptions of the plans by whiehwa p ro p ose t o e s ta bli s h Workin g Men ' s Home Colonies , upon a large scale , and t hus em a nci p ate t hem from the thraldom of capital in the hands of _individtaS employers . It needs but a ripened opinion in favosa of such establishments to call them into actual exist ence ; all the means for doing so are in our own hands .
Fellow Workmen ! We will not insult y on If making any appeal to your passions after tbe statement of facts we have submitted for your _considemtion . If these facts bave not produced in your minds an earnest desire to know more of an institution s which has weathered storms that have overthrowa numerous other Trades Societies , which has conferred such large and far-spread benefits upon various sections of the industrial community , whieh is based upon such equitable principles with respect to payments and benefits—which pursues its objects iff such temperate , but firm and determined means , an is , in consequence , so successful—and which , is pte _* sided over by the most distinguished champion of labour in the British Senate—then we have nothing more to say . Any addition would in fact be useless . But we do entertain the hope and belief that itis
only necessary to bring before yon . these facts , and to indicate to you thus briefly the immense , _surpassing , and permanent advantages which our Association p laces wi t hin t he rea c h of o ur cl a ss , in order to induce you eagerly and thankfully to avail yourselves of them . We know that sore and pinching poverty , conjoined with the diffusion of knowledge by ifie cheap press , has taught you to think seriously over your present condition and fnture prospects . Our plans are the living embodiment of the intellec t ual and soci a l aspirations of English labour . Thqr are suited for the transitional period through which we are passing , and the means in our possession . Ob Brothers 1 Arouse yourselves from apathy ! P u t awa y the p ett y divi s ion s w hich render yo u , w ith the streng th of a g i a nt , weak as a pigmy . Enrol yourselves in the ranks of the National Labour League , march under the standar dot' "Real Liberty we ham
raised . By union , knowledge , and bold , but peaceably-directed efforts , we shall achieve the glorious objec t in view , and emanci p ate labour iu p eace , with the general consent and good will of all classes ofthe community .
Copies Ofthe Constitution And Rules Of T...
Copies ofthe Constitution and Rules of the Association , and all other requisite information , can be had on application at the offices . Signed by order of the Central Committee , William Peel , Secretary .
Pauper Labour.—The Sheffield Papers Cont...
Pauper Labour . —The Sheffield papers contain * report of the proceedings of the poor law guardians of that union with respect to the _employments pauper labour , Two or three years ago , as will be recollected , they leased from tho Duko of Norfolk somo fifty acres of moorland about six miles from _, the town , and converted it into a parish farm . & substantial house , capable of accommodating 138 persons , was built with all the appurtenances , at » cost ot ¦ £ 1 , ' 700 or £ 1 , 800 . During the whole period in which this experiment has been in progress , upwards of 500 heads of families have found casud employment on the farm . The result of the firtt vear entailed a loss of m , but what proportion this loss bore to the cost that would have fallen upon the rate-payers had tho relief afforded to the
numbers , who had been thus furnished with labour , besn given in the workhouse , is not mentioned . But It is expected that the produce of this , the second year , will cover the cost of maintenance to those w ho h a ve been emp loyed upon the farm ; and there is every prospect , Judging by the results of _theflecond aa compavedVith tho first year , tliot the thim and fourth years will show a con siderable _surpWB over the entire expense of the establishment . _jj » experiment is interesting , chiefl y as evidence of the fact that pauper labour can be made _remuaeratrre . A ran of Californian gold , ajg _JJJSJS exhibited for its size at San . Franc seo , a _» _£ hjtjjj upon in the _™ ll _^ T £ _™ i _^ _^ for bulk and vffi it is unequalled by any _singte _SLe which has reached this _COUhtry . ft _COP-tWW 91 bswe'g htof 24 caret gold ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 5, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_05101850/page/5/
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