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Northern Star (1837-1852), 6th May 1848, Edition 3 of 3, Page 2, '"LOTALTT 1*S Tr *,*X* 6.\}*CE . TO THE ...

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      For Ad Humanity, And Sound Economy, Whic...

      _« _mi » May 6 , 1848 . THE NORTHERN STAR . _^ — __ __^^ _=-===== _^ = _^__ - _^^ _—" 2 , 0 _^^* - _^ _js _ss : ' - — = . _" - _" --- " _------ " . " " ~" | be lonand 1 and

      ^Orresu0nijnt^

      _^ orresu 0 nijnt _^

      Os " Tee ' Effects " Of Ths S!S ?°[ Sts ...

      OS TEE EFFECTS " OF THS S ! S _? ° [ TES CHASTER IN AUBKUjA . SI AS AKEBIC 1 N _BAHHBTER . _1-oo _. t of tta States 0 ! _*^ _JTortli A « rfc . n _IMon Wru * - _"' "'* they are paid tor their service-, and the S _* _S 2 r « " _eUtd annually . Uader this House , of A « e _» _bly « ) t . _^ _^ St Tsb gb _« _" coadlSon _' nf i ,. _teUig _«« , comfert , an 4 _? _S _nieneT _. _ttMiMIotttrpwf _k on tbeface of tbe

      Ths _eneiales # f democracy arc in the _baoit of refenug fe , _tlies : » te of society ia tbe Slave States , 'bere _*« J tier ons msy behold the _tri ' i consequences of democratic _gorernmeat . I b » nothing to eay lu favour of the psople of the Slave Stares , their character is formed by the abominable institution of efavery . Bat is the free republics we tee a very _different _Rtate of thing * . _Ttitrtthen-oplesro well educated st the expense ol thetUte , and all European _traveler * are _utonMed at tb « r in _MKseace , manly bearimr _. and _pro-perity . One may tr ml for _atartsand miles through many populous part * os the _eonntrv without seeing a b _^ _gw , or a prostitute . in and

      Ko nations ever ad vanced so rapidly population Health 85 the free republic of Sortta A » enca . S _> _rvy « urs seo there « m * not a _singli ? white person in the ierritr . rv now forming the Mate ef Ohio-there are now two mUJ : wa * . Splendid cities v . a * e risen , as if by rna ? tc and there is _coreasanio donor , that at tho end of the _pre-nto-ntary all the _European kingdoms ( if there _oe any then , ) will ba _inti _gaifi-jant , in _comparisoa mth th * great American republic . In the free states the cit _' _sta _fesls bis dignity , as one ofthe mass £ _rom which all _po _« er emanatea-he becomes _ikiUetl in What COncernB him—the affairs of bit repablic and of _thennioa . —and he derives amusement from hb studs' of those affairs . The American working man hbett _. _i-ecqutlnted with the constitution and laws of _iis country , than li th--. Ecriish gentleman with tbe eos _^ titalitm ( io _cslled ) SUd l ' - » _ws of England . Tho direct and immediate consequences of popular roTemment la the United Statei bare bets aa

      follows : — Tho _cample are provided with an excellent Edncatlon . _ITona hut men of talent can rise to _eminence—matfes of p _ropcriyeaBnotbeflCCtl . _iiHlStcainthe bands of a few _fandiies—thero are co aristocrats . Under these circumstances the people are filled with _enerj- and patriotism . As energetic , _mcel'igeat . and patriotic people , they are widening ths _difference between themselves and the poor ari « _ocrar-roveraed creature * of th ' i kingdom , evtry day and every hour . The _people ef tae / re « states are eminently a moral and religious people , not _being caned with a bloated Church establishment , like tbat of England and Ireland . Eaeh teacher of the _Gospel it chosen and _suptomi by _hiS congregation , or by the Church to which be belongs , instead of being appelated by an aristocratic layman . The _consequence is , rhat the American clergy . B « _s is as mack distinguished fvr his seal , piety , and ability , as the English _clergyraan too often i » for the _OTMritequiliry .

      is the free state * of America , there is absolute political equality , and tbe most perfect freedom . Justice is administered without unnecessary daisy , inconvenience , aad expense , in all ea _« s , e'ril and cri , micsl . The Americaa _citfsen is not like the EnglWamtn _, afraid . Of appealing to the Courts of Justice , on account of the delay and expense . A free- people , _lita the Americans , woald not tolerate for a single hour the English C _^ nrt of Chancery , tbe English Ecclesiastical Courts , theEnglish _SastiMs of the Peace , nor , _iedsed , any part or parcelof the English _system of administering justice ; it would nfft _sa'C frerraen . The enemies of democracy talk abont Lyiich law in America , bat they know , or ought to know , that in the free states the law is far more potent than itis in this _country , and that the _citizens hare mnch more _coafi-4 _ec _? o in the courts tban the people of England have in theirs _, lynch law is _confia _^ d to tke slave states , and the extreme frontlaa .

      Another consequence of popular govermaent in America i _; the simplification of tha transfer of land . In that country land Is _conveyeS at the expense of a few _shillinrg , bat in _Esgland the aristocracy object to a registry of deeds , because they do not like their _affai-fl tO b ? _kUOWn to the public . Moreover _lawa haTe beea _Side in England for the _purpose of _preventing ths division of large estates—snch is the object of the laws of _primogeniture and entail _TJTid-r the democratic _gorernment of tbe United States « totsllr different _system has prevailed , and we there Snd ibat almost evtrj mSTl working on a farm owns that farm , and most m » _chmics own tha houses in which they dwell . Similar c « _astquences wonld result from the adoption of democratic legislation ana government In _England . ( Tobe _eontinued . )

      '"Lotaltt 1*S Tr *,*X* 6.\}*Ce . To The ...

      ' _"LOTALTT _1 _* S _Tr * _, _* X * 6 . _\}* CE . TO THE _IBIToa OF THE _VOSTHEMt STAB . Kl EOITOH . —For the _isformatlon * f the public , and especially those friend * of the cense whom _poverty and _misntfe has forced from thtir homes to seek employment ia _distant towns , I send jou a short sketch of the _procMfiisgs of th 9 _wiseacres of this town , gryliBg _themielves ' _tlte authorities . ' On _Sfocday morning-last , the walls of our town were e-st' nsively Blacsrded , announcing a _publk meeting , conv , ned by the mayor , for the purpose ef expressing our loyalty and attachment to her Majesty ' s person and tbr . ine , tke result of which was that about fifty of the most rabH _snpparters of corruption & ud misrule assembled , headed by the chief _functionary—tkaa whom a great- r tyrant _neeef _esiatod nor rBsgrsced the oSce he SMs . This worthy having been eallad to the chair , commeucsd a tirade of abate and

      low slang against the ' firebrands , ' as he de ? iijBated the _Oasrtists ; in the coarse of -. vhieh be ssid that he had _bsea _infifmsd thit _thfj , tha Chartists , amounted to 5 , 000 in thie town ; but for his pert , he did not Or Here that there were five to b- - _< f « und professing thU » _bnoxious creed ; and whan a _respectable shopkeeper rose to reply this empty . _patt-d _braejart , he was met by suck a howl by these _respectable * tbat would have been disgraceful to an _eisembl y of _tavaires . Bat , not content with hoK'in ? , tbey set three blue _devils upon him to tipel him from tbe meeting , which , having accomplished , they _pzs ; ed an address _congr-itulatinj her Majesty and government en thtir _lecent 'escape from anarchy andcoafasion . ' The _ador . _?? is to be presented by the chairman , b _3 having _presented a similar one in 1839 , for which £ 50 of tbe _corpwate funds was granted htm . On the following morning two _sprctres of _newspnptrs _, one b & _aring the _cognomen of tbe _FESzmct ' Rag , the other

      cone by the _ei-tdltor o the said ra _% —wha f _jrinerly fill the dirty work of th _> - proprietor for tha high salary of SO * , ptr week , but , _failing in the necessary talent required ef an editor of buch an important p _^ _iper , C _3 mmencod th ? second ra ? . This jolly pair—these lying , dirty , _fonl-raonthtd sinks of corruption , came out witb ths _astounding news , tbat * the meeting of yesterday was one of the _larges ; and most Influential tbat bad taken place within the nsemor « of the oldest inhabitant !' This wa 3 a subj-Ct of merriment for tbe whole town ; and this merriaent was greatly heightened ia the course of the day by tha _brftaau zoing round , celling on all _lOJal subjects to sign tfee address ; the response to _wbleh you may judge of by the f > ct that the bine _devila were stationed at the po _' _lce-office door to _se " ze on _allpaisera by , men , women , and _children , to sign the aforesaid ad . _dress , but , to ihe credit of tbeworkits ba it spoken , they ona gnd fill resolutely refused .

      Ig50raxce Of Thb Working Classes Op The ...

      IG 50 RAXCE OF THB _WORKING CLASSES OP THE ART ASD UYSTERY OE _PETITIOH-HOSGERING . Hr Ediios , —The honest , har 3 worktop , unsuspecting operatives , who have served afnll seven years apprentice . ship at trades to obtain _honourable subsistence , are far from being < m f ait at the an _au _4 mystery of _pstitionmongering _, as un _3 erstoo _3 and practised by the arlstocratic factions of tbis realm ; they had need to serve again under Wh . : g masters to be _qaite np to the _ mark . Having had , Hr Editor , much to do personally in tbe getting up , _siguiag , aad subsequent polishing off of petitions , I beg to give tbem a hint or tWC , BI _WcigB axe Tery shrewd about petitions . First then , entrust net a petition sheet eicrpt to a tried and known _iadivi . dual . _TThigs _nevtr do , but generally select _loakcrs-np fer _placesor well paid assistants of flexible feand at

      _penataasbip , to avoid spaces , which psrlianv . ntary committees or their subs may fill up , perhaps not quite to the petitioners' minds . Secondly , never leave a petition a * aeet at any place , house , or shop , without dee _surveillance , or enemies may & elp you with a few queer names , an 3 help their own party in the heuse , also , with a knowledge of this in _^ _ntons stratflg em . A case in point . _Thire lay a petition sfeeet of _yora at a respectable Tory " _baokstller , caUed Carson , in tbe Sigh . street , Ereter , against Catholic Emancipation . A larking young lad , called Coles , an acquaintance of tbo sobs and a visitor at the shop , in the _absenea of the grave and venerable mister ti tbe premises , put a _pt-n in the paw of a fa-Tourite dog , Poor dog Tray , ' and by the help oi " Master Coles , Tray inscribed on the petition sheet to tbe Lords D . Tea t . This being a Whig trick , of course became eulyknewn at higher quarters , for . as Ur O'Connor ra . marked , — ' _Tho--e who placed snch there , know whire to find tbem . ' Consequently , Lord Kintr , in tbe ffou 69 if Lords , announced tho grand discovery that Dog Tray

      had signed against the rightg of Catholic ? , and in Exeter , every subsequent petition _against the Catholics , obtained tha _sabrfqaet cf Dog Tray ' s petition . Thirdly , preTlOUB tO sending off a petition , select a few _chosen friends well to be d < _psnd _^ . d upon—be very cautious ef pretended onee or spies—a _» d m some sanctum sanctorum aU "» it quietly down—give tke sheets an overhaul—any accidentally left with open spaces , C 3 refu !/ y fill ia , dis _^ _KulsiBBthe hand each tita _* , ond it by chance any' Tray ' * _rieks , or oond-mnab ! e names _bava been inserted—if at the bottom , cut off tbe atrip , if higher _np—wfiits __ not ther _gsod _namts , but with a little oxalic acid , citric _aeld , or spirits of salts , take _'Saabno'e »„ 'PngnoseB , ' io ., _nleelyjout , and insert better mme % at discretion ; above all _tsingi leave not even one single place open for _commlttae we when cut ofyour baads . The very last petitions for Parliamentary and Municipal Reforms pre-Motel fro m Bevon , by Lord Jobn Russell , to tbe Tory xoveniment when they cere in power , were tbus _finisbtd _AU 4 « rsfully _poUsied , Tae last » s the same subject _.

      Ig50raxce Of Thb Working Classes Op The ...

      I for the CUy of Ereter , was by myself , my neighbour , ' ifr , bookseller , of the High-street , ( at whose parlour ; s « _idejthe shop , with closed curtains , the operations wero performed , ) and three or four others , including an . _ittnrnftj's clerk , and tke bill . « ticker of tbe Western Tihes newspaper , according to the above rules properly prepared and sent off for Whig delivery . Aj , and there were _FOTie queer names too , but genuine names of city tradesmen , quitea match for tbe ' _Pugnoses , ' and 8 _nubnosoi . ' e g . Ono a respectable _Fore-atreet linen draper , 'yc : ept Sbuffl -. bottom , and Clap , and Badcock , ana _Ser-etcb . and Stubbs , and Tibbs , Hitchcock , Tancock _, Ocock , Treblecoek , N-cock , Sheepshanks , ( and weh 3 _** e an ArchdeHCon Sheepshanks , and a Lady Elizabeth Sheepshanks , an _aristoeratfc Whig _'Newton Fellows , ) and name , too that would be called _eusCEKE ; one I taw onau Es := ter Tory petition , quite unmen tionable who _nmrtfaeltu was a very respectable tailor and lo dgm _^ hoaea-kfeper . whose address has often quite perplexed _Inooc -nt . unsophisticated ladj lodgers .

      So much tor names . _ , t havo not myself tbe slightest donbt that' Snubnose and Pn « nose * may be _reallndividuals , for among worklog men _efp-cially witb colliers and other miners itis a co- _^ . ra-n thin ? to b _^ r through life familiar physiognomic cognomens ; its an Old degrading Custom , _neverthelesa _iescf u < _t > _-d frem the times of _fendalism and gcrfdom . I _rctntmber reading an anecdote in a review ( 1 believe the QPABT £ Bi , T . ) once ofa sheriffs officer having to serve an attachment on a collier ; he enquired and eBquired , could not find the man , be met a young woman

      goim : with her father ' s dinner—the daughter of the v . ry man he was In quest of , be inquired of her ~ _sbe did nor know the name . Meantime an old collier come up , andthe j oang womaB _wllliDgto find out the person 'for the eimieman , ' asked of bitn , _— ' Wfeoi ten tby faatber , ' said he , ' Ms eld Blackbird , be _nted to be called Brown , ( toe _nr-mo inquired after by the bailiff ) when a young _, ster . ' The si anil wss , ths young woman quite inno . cently conducted tha unwelcome _guest _^ to old 'Black bird , ' her fatbeP . Tours & c , A DisorJiTED Middle _ct-ass Whig or _othek Days . Exeter ,

      At1ctim Op Whig Tyranny. To The Editoh 0...

      AT 1 CTIM OP WHIG TYRANNY . TO THE _EDITOH 0 ? THK _KOBTBISS _STAS . Si * , —I b eg to Inform my Cbartist brethren that I , too , have become a victim _btcadse I objected to be sworn in to use the weapon of aggression against my fellow man . On my doing so , Mr Carises , the managing man conni'Cttd with the firm of Messrs Brandram and Co ., asked me ff Twas a Chartist t I _aaid I waa . He asked me _agnin whether I was aware tbat they wanted no Property Qualification , which meant that we were all to 8 _aar < - alike , and then start again to create mere wealth and I had great trouble to txplain to bim tbo meaning ot the point , _T am happy to bear my testimony to the good _fee _' _tng evinced by tbe men in the factory towards our cause ; and I wish to teHour oppressors tbat they will find themselves _Mistaken when the time arrives , if thej trust to special constables . Yours , sincerely , Wiu . uk _Dsasb .

      How To Get The Charter . To The Editot O...

      HOW TO GET THE CHARTER . TO THE EDITOt or THE _tfOBTtlEaK STAB . Sia , —Hue ' s has been said and done , witb a _vietv of forwarding the People ' s Charter ; bnt I fear much remains to be done before tbe Charter will become tbe law of tbe _1-nd . Bat there fs a plan which might ba adopted . which , In my opinion , _nould rooa bring our struggle to a triumphant end—and that Is , for the people to be determined not to use any tared article till tbe Charter shall bave passed into law . If tbis plan should be acted npon , tbe _government will soon be glad to yield to our wishes . r _, _therefore , think it advisable for every Cbartist , and every man who _wiskeB for political _fresdem , aud every woman who wishes to see her husband and sans in possession of thoBe liberties and privileges wbich are their

      na ural _rlghtf , to abstain from the use of tobacco , all _kiads of intoxicating drinbg , coffee , tea , and f near , till tht > People ' s Charter shall bave become the law of tbe _lan-l- I have _bten a total abstainer from tobacco and intoxicating drinks for nine years , and can recommend the _pias as a _bsEffioial one to my brother Chartists ; but when it is to forward tbe Charter , I think it a double duty to give ihem up . I have lately added c ffee _, tea , snd _sogir , to _th-Ofst of articles tbat I have given up , for While I am usrepresented , I am resolved that I will not pa } taxes bnt sueh as I GRHDOt avoid . Tours most respectfully , Wa . Coixinb . Branston , near Daventry , Northamptonshire .

      The Kenr1k9t0n Coumos Meeting. To The Ed...

      THE KENR 1 K 9 T 0 N COUMOS MEETING . TO THE EDITOB OP THE NOBTHtBN STAB . Sib , —Having sent a letter to J . A . Smith , E « q ., M . P ., respecting a statement made by him in the House ct _CosimenB _, concerning the siic of _Kenningtin Commen , ( twdity acres ) , and the number of persons _thoreasaem bU _4 on thelOtb inst ., and receiving no reply either pub lie or private , 1 forward you a copy of the same , that y » or sumerou » readers may bo uadectived upon the subject , as I have every _reaaon to bellevft that many , very _m-. ny , haTe betn betn grossly deceived by a corrupted and venal press . Wh . _Taft . April 27 th , 18 * 8 .

      TO 3 . A . SMITH . ESQ , M . P . Sia , —Tb tbe Times ofthe lith inst ,, yon are reported io have _stBtfd in tbe House of Commons on tea _praceding evening : — 'Thst at an early hour on the morning of the 10 th inst ., means had been taken ( I _presume by the authorities ) , to ascertain how many persons it was possible could assemble on _Kprinieeti n Common , _Uljii tbe result was , not note than 90 , 000 ; also , that you were present witb the _commisMsui-rs of police , and at no part of the day was tbe Common more than half filled . Permit me , sir , to state , with all due deference to yoar opinion , that ! twfca with diStual ' y elbowed my way _aerost the common on that day , and was kindly per . mitred to sorrey the _assembled _muliitnde from tbe van containing tbe petition , aad also tbe chaise in wbich vraB the marshal ofthe procession , and my honest conviction was . and now is , that the common was fully _two-thbds filled .

      I have since measured it , and find tbo space from the north to the south wall , fronting the _terrace , to be 1 55 J f-et , from east to west , 625 feet ; making _S 543 . 750 square feet ; aad at the south end , a corner _strercbeR out 366 _te-t . and at the extreme south is 76 feet _wetk wide , and 175 wide , at the end running parallel with the south wall fronting the terrace , sad measuring 45 080 square feet makinginthe whole 888 . T 50 square feet . By allowing four persons to stand on six square feet of _ground ( which is ample , without any _pressnre ) , tbis space would admit of 592 , 500 persons _standiDy without inconvenience on _Kcaningti-nCaomon . The huge _miasof human beings

      who crowded round tbe van containing tbe members of the Convention , did not occupy one _squre footof ground per man . Presuming wbat you bave stated to be correct ( to doubt the veracity of aa M . P ., however questionable , may be , by same , considered criminal ) , thtre mast ' eve been pr _.-sent on that occasion , bj your own showing 300 , 000 persons . Those adjacent to tfce Elephant and Castle , en tbe road leading to the Common and around it , could not have been less than 20 , 000 , who were anxiously waiting to see tho huge precession ( which ba _3 it beeB _. ' allowed ) would ia all probability have heen tbe most orderly ever witnessed in Great Britain ,

      Tho _meisu retnent given above Is uader , rather than over-rated . I have thrown off sixty feet oa the length , on account ofthe north west rorner _, and not allowed anything _ftir the extra widthin the centre of the common . I must now leave the subject for your most serious _COnsidtrallOH and r « flectton ( trusting , that if in the warmth of debate , or in an unguarded moment , you have _incautiously let slip an intimperate remark , or have been grossly imposed oa by some hired cr unprincipled underling , that you will take tbe earliest opportunity of acknowledging your error , and setting yourself right with tbe House of Commons _, lam , Your hamble _, though not very obedient servant , Wk , TAPr . Ela 3 _bury Market , _Lofidon April 25 th , 1818 .

      Roy All Esthavagakce. To Tbe Eultoft Of ...

      ROY All ESTHAVAGAKCE . TO TBE _EUlTOft Of THE H 0 S . THEM _STAJl , Sis , —If you are a real friend to _$ e lower end middle classes , and the country in general , you will make a stir about Crown Lands , wbich might de so much good to hundreds , and to the revenue , instead of lying useless , Wby , too , should not a prinee pay rates and taxes on farms , & e ,, just as well aa any one elto ? Besides £ 30 , 000 a year , the country is to give several thousands more of taxless 'pickings . ' Bat _England cannot now afford £ 30 , 000 a year , even though tbe whole of that sum were spent in Great Britain . It Is a much greater sum thanlsneoeBBary ,

      To defray tbo expenses of everlasting building , repairs , & c , at the different _rojal residences , and to complete the drainage at tbat very unhealthy place , Windsor Castle , there is sever any thought of _touchlag the royal _puwes , but taiei are to be _increased , and tbe poor who are starving la _untrained courts and alleys , are to pay ! Tbis will not do ; England cannot afford to pay rojal personages , royal children , royal foreigners , for royal buildings and numerous royal whims , as it could some years ago , The country caanot afford It , ana , moreover the present age knows what iB necessary , audit likes not to give more _. It Is nothing shot t of an Insult to talk to tha nation _, as itis in _1318 , ef laws , gifts , Sso ., io ., of Charles ' s time ! Laws and all else must be regulated according to the times ; _asd every individual , from the peasant to the Queen , must have their pay , pension , & o ., in proportion . If _teepotrman can feed and clothe himself and family for less than he could in 18 * 6 or 47 , royalty can also .

      Because a , cettam enormous grant is given In 1843 , is It any reason wby it should be an everlasting one ? There is not a more loyal subject than your _hnmbls servant , but thsre is no Becenity for such large royal grants and pensions , and , moreover Esgland cannot afford it ! Agitate , _frrmnch ofthe CbarUr must fee _accsded to , now tkat so strong a Radical party . _hss shown Itself . Let the nation insist on the royal expenditure being ihoivn and examined , and then it will be seen what _BSioant U necessary ; the nation mU 6 t _feg titli & td , Of

      Roy All Esthavagakce. To Tbe Eultoft Of ...

      there mil b _» everlasting suspicion , jealousy , and discostent By ths government acting fairly to lhe people ai once ' muoh money will h < saved . Whas are the small Bums given as charity by royalty Id comparison to tho enormous lncemes ! Its true we see tbe Queen Dowager and others down ia a great many obarity lists , —hut 1 patroness' often snppUeB the place of a £ 20 note I

      The Empire. N . The English System Of Fi...

      THE EMPIRE . n . The English system of finance la more critical tban Is generally imagined , and tbe _basle for public credit _i-In a state of hourly fear and apprehension ; the _mlnlst . r , under an avowed deficiency of three millions annually , is compelled to tbrow np bis budget and trust to that chapter of accidents , called futurity ; tho maximum of taxation bas been attained , and from the _atato of profits the value of money , and the depreciation of wages , a reduction of tho public burdens la demanded—the crl , ical hour is coming , when any great party oan act powerfully upen the state , and produce _either weal or woe , according to the _wlsriom of its directions . There are

      two objects to be attained , tbo destruction ofthe present complicated aristocracy , and the immediate re-establish ment of a _BjBttm of order , tbat can suitain Its position and impart confidence at home and abroad . Are tbe _Chartis'B qualified to take advantage ofa possible , nay , a probable _otcnneDce _? Th * j are a great party , but stand in need of training and organisation ; effectively led , embracing talent both political and financial , _in-ti cation of ability and intention to save the state , thoj eould produce a crisis at tbo proper time , and take ad . vantage of it . Tho manifestation of tbese qualities would remove tbe terror and doubt ofthe middle classes , ttat C & _artlsm portends destruction .

      The indefatigable leader of tho Chartists possesses under the most trying circumstances , thc prudence ot Nestor—be is entitled to gratitude , for preserving tbe cau « e intact , and for the endeavour to improve itB moral power both for declaration end noting , True wisdom and activity will prove S tower Of strength , _securing _success and offering a political guarantee for the regf no ration of tbe empire . Ahok .

      U2j1tt O P Effort In Tee Cause Of Nation...

      U 2 J 1 TT O P EFFORT IN TEE CAUSE OF NATIONAL PROGRESSION , HIGHLY DESIRABLE AT TUE PRESENT TIME . The Convention having advised the peopio to memorialise tfee Queen to dissolve the present parliament , 1 take it for granted that it will he _nectsearj to Sod earn clent fundB to carry tho champions of the Charter ut a f oodly number of place 3 to the poll _successfully , and means will be wanted for election purposes , registration , lecturers , & c . Some good lectures , to show the advantages of tbe Cbar er ever every other electoral system , are highly desirable , and to carry it out , I beg to suggest a holiday for the CbBrtists at Whitsuntide . I suggest tbat the Executive give Immediate notice ( so as to give every man

      time to be prepared ) to the secretaries of each locality to call a meeting of their several districts , to appoint f * committee of _octlve , trustworthy members , to collect funds _rromdoi-rto door ( In districts to be assigned tbem by such _meeriDf ) , on Whit . JIoDday _. _thetwofollottingdaysto be appointed to the out Parishes not comprising part of i town dilWfic * , so as to complete the canvass of thwhole country for subscriptions to support tb" national oause , in three days ; and let It be understood , tbat everyone calling himself a Cbartist will be expected to subscribe on _Wbit-Monday , at least , one penny , and os much more as ba can afford . The xaeney to collected to be _piid Into tbo land and Labour Bank , on or before the following Monday , to the joint credit of Mr O'Con . nor and tbe Executive . Tbo man that refuses to glv

      up balf . _a-pint of beer , if a beer drlnktr , or two pipes o < tobacco , if a smoker , or a cup of tea or coffee , if a teetotaler , is sot worthy to enjoy the benefits and _privilegav that the Charter would couftr upon bim , Who can say tbat they are not prepared to make this ir / fli ' og sacri . fico , wb > n calied on , for the cause they bave so much at heart , when ao many boast ( and receive tbe cheers of th _> Ir friends ) that they are ' up to the mark ! ' Let It b . remembered that one thousand pence is £ 4 3 s . ii ., and It need not be stated what one million penco would be Let tbis be set about _manfuily , and I have no _denbt a well-directed appeal to the public , for pecuniary aid , will meet with a proper response ; such a fund must be raised as will insure tbe success of the Charter , and be a Attic * reply to the enters of the members of the House of Com mons and the calumnies of tbe pri bs .

      I need not Bay the whole of an old _Eidlcal ' s family are ready with their pence , although they never make a boast tbat they ara ready to fight for the Cnarter , believing it is to be obtained peaceably and legally , wlib a unity of effort and well-directed agitation , The means _Suggested , if carried out vigilantly , will _ral-esucli a fann as will secure lhe whole tnlcBt of the country to _advoeati the Charter . I would have it borne in mind that many will subscribe to the cause of national reform , _whtn waited on at homes at tbeir Offa houses or work shops , _wboso patriotism would not lead them to _> eetc the secretary or treasurer to pay In their subscriptions without the personal appeal recommended . I am , & o „ A Radical ov Twemtt Yeabs' Standing .

      Pauperism And Crime. To The Editob. Of T...

      PAUPERISM AND CRIME . TO THE EDITOB . OF THE BOBDEB ADVEBTISEB . East Linton , April 10 , 1818 . Dear Sib , —It may be laid down as an axiom , tbat every _mim gets hiB liviae Bomehow or other ; asiom second , that every man who does not maintain himeelf is supported by _somtbody else ; axiom third , that every idle man who Is not ostensibly supported by one or more individuals is a sorner on the public at large ; ariom fourth , that it would be more profitable to _t' . e public , if it has to maintain ft man at ary rate , to mak * him do some service in return , tban to let him go about idle or doing mischief . These premises being conceded . I think it follows that tbe system of providing work fur _ellpereona out ot employment , lately propounded by tbe provisional government ef France , ib not so _Diopian _, so contrary to found policy , eo utterly impracticable , norao pregnant with ruin to the holders of property , as It has been represented to be .

      During the last t-n years , the sums levied for the re . lief of tbe poor in England and WaleB have amounted to £ 66 , 000 , 000 , being ueorlv an annual averogw ef £ 7 , ooo ooo . In England , one million and a balf of persons , or nearl y one-tenth of the population , receive parochial aid . LiBt year in Ireland , three millions , or more than _one-third of the inhabitants , were supported out of the public purse . Undoubtedly a considerable _proportion of those _rectiviiip aid were old and infirm _peraens , or children of tea < it > r age ; but oven _grantimr that one-half were _ofihis class , here we hava £ 3 , 800 , 000 In England end Wales alone expended _yonri ? to feed and clothe 750 009 able-bodied idl ' _-rs . Particular localities afford statistics yet morr Startling , In Manchester , the number _receiving outdoor n lief in the quarter ending March 1817 , was 25 , 155 , at a cost of £ 8 , 2 CS 12 a . fid . ; quarter ending June , 43 , 139 , at a cost of £ 13 , 533 3 s . ; Stptember , 42 , 658 , at a cost of £ 15 " 78 0 s . 2 d . ; December , 38 552 , at a cost of £ 13 736 9 s . 2 d . ; being a total of 149 . 504 oases , at a cost

      Of £ 51 , 311 4 s . 9 d , In one we'k , that ending Julj 3 9 , 310 _mmiiies , comprising 23 , 062 individuals , were visited , and relieved with a total sum of money _amounting to £ 1 , 448 93 . ; whilst in the same weik , tho seven _werkhouses in the town contained 3 _, 4 0 _persons . 13 , 809 sick paupers were gratuitously attended by the medlc . il staff within Ihe year , In the hospitals there were 5 , 071 fever _patirolB , of whom 592 died . In _orfiev to enforce the raten 3 , 766 _summonsas had to be taken out from the- _magistrates , and 563 householders had to be told op . The last borough poor rate fer Newport , Monmouthshire , is two shillings in the pound , — ' a levy which _numbeis of the rate payers , ' says the _HEaiFj & D Jooiinal , which announces lhe fact , ' will be unable to meet . ' I ro _^ ni adduce fifty other _instaaces of the same kind , but it would serve no good purpose , as the above facte arc quite sufficient to prave tbe intolerable extent of the burdtn laid on the Industrious portion ofthe community by tbe present system .

      The evil is , moreover , _iaereasintf at nfearful rate . Tbe _population of the United Kingdom increases nearly Oik thousand per day . So that , assuming pauperism to exist in the proportion stated in public _retorns , 180 pauper * ate added daily , making an increase to the featorlDg mass of 65 , 000 every year . Nor doeB the sum levied for poor rates represent the whole amount r < quired to support this formidable pauper _claes . We must keep in mind that an _immense sum is spent In private charity . Of that sum it Is diffl cult to farm even aa approximate guess ; but it cannot be too much to sot it down as _eqaal in amount witb the legal assessment . Hire then we bavo other three millions and a half , or seven _miHloae in oil , _espendet * not upon old and Infirm persona , or children of tender age . but upoa able-bodied IdlerB _, some of whom are cooped up

      in workhouses and doing nothing , while the rest me Buffered to prowl abaut the country like the Pariah dogs of the East _IudleB , aunoying all and sundry . Add the sua abstracted from the community in the shape oi thefts and _depredathras _constantly being committed by the latter class—no inconsiderable item . Add further the expense of checking , following , capturing , and pro Beculiug to conviction , and _maintaining in prison , the many hundreds of juvenile and adult criminals who have been made such solely through destitution and _wontot employment . And in tbis way , to say nothing of tbe demoralisation resulting from pauperism and vagrancy , we show an aggregate sum levied oa the country of certainly not leas thaa eight millions annually for the support of the able-bodied poer , exclusive of what gof 8 to feed ' the widow and the fatherless , tbe blind and the lame , ' who are the only parties having a natural right to

      snch eupport . Hero is a gangrene fast eating into the vitals of the eonntry , and threatening _saclaty itself with dissolution—a gangrene ffhichour met peouuiary sacrifices have hitherto increased Instead of diminishing , since so far from tbe aggregate or relative amount ot destitution behig sensibly _lessenod , and Its pressure on Individuals mitigated , it has of late _yearB been _gradually _widening In its range and deepening in its iBtenaity . Who that knows anything of the vital statistics of our large towns will deny this ? Thtre are _hundreds In tvery densely peopled locality , who have no honieB of any sort , nor any ostensible means of living , an-1 whom our benevolent and charltaMo appliances fail _aUoRether t _«> reach . Hundreds pick up a miserable livelihood by the meanest and most degrading abifta—gathering cinders , rags , _iso _., on dunghills , and Bleeping at night under open _aheti or in _coamon-gtoirs , Enter the - _jonges of too

      Pauperism And Crime. To The Editob. Of T...

      _noortBt class—sucb as are tho usual applicants for admission to ecu ? _Mtchens-and you _SritB * 8 » everywhere " scene of indescribable miser ,. In many of tbem you _M > 1 not find a _slnglo article of fomituro ; perhaps a few shavin gs In a corner and an old rug form the family bed , , nd two or three _stoneB plaoed round the hearth Berve 83 _StOOlB _Tc-n will sometimes find tbat the only income the tenants of these hovels have , arises from lodgers who pay a trifle _weekly for permission to sleep on the cold hearth before the grate _uncenscfoua of a fire . In other cases tbe parents are kept alive solely by thO thieving _g'ins of their _offnpring , whom they send out every morning with orders to bring in 0 certain , sum , which , If they cannot beg tbey must steal and woe betide them If tbej return _erapty . _hnnaed . , __ ,,.. _„ ,

      Fearing to encounter thtir unnatural parents wrath , tbese poor creatures desert their homes , and become total _ootcasts , sleeping in any out _ef-the-vfay corner , associating with tbe lowest description ol criminals , and living upon what they can pick up . In many of our large towns , forty or fifty children of _thissortare lodged in the _police-usBce every night . Oui- _saols are full of th < _- * n for trifling offences ; indeed , tbej may almost be said to reside there ; for no sooner Me they liberated than they return to the same eourses which sent cbem io gaol , and in these courses tbey must continue , almost of necessity , nntil they do enough Io transport

      them to the penal eolonlev _, sJnce nobody will employ suoh wretches , and starvation or theft ii thoir only alternative . From a report lately published of the Philanthropic Society for tbe Reformation of Juvenile Of fenders in St George ' s Fields , Southwerk , it appears _ihat OUt Of the 200 , 000 _offences wbich every year occupy the courts of justice , one-tenth , or nearly ' 200 , 000 , are c mmitted by children , and one-fourtb , or nearly 50 , 000 , by youthful _transgressors under twenty years of « ge . Nor is this all . The class of public prostitutes is a large and Increasing one In most of our large towns , Itis , perhaps , impossible t- > get a correet estimate of their number . But I have seen it stated tbnt the females

      rescued by the various institutions set apart for that purposo in London ' average about 600 annually , which > s said to be less than one . tentk of tbe prostitutes In that city every year passing into eternity , Dr Ryan _catonlted some years ago . tbat , wltbin tbe preceding ninety years 14 , 000 individuals bad benefited by those societies , while so less tban four mil . ions hud been sacrificed alive CO CoemoBb ond _Prixpae . It was stated at the eama time , tbat in _Edinburgh , while 814 females bad fonnd refuge in tbe Magdalene , 102 000 bad periBhed In their _inanity . Oth _> -r towns would present tbo same results in proportion to their size . Now , _vA-iie It is quite trne that intemperance U one of the main proximate causes ,

      both of such destitution o » I bars alluded to above , and of thoso abandoned habits wbich lead to prostitution tor hire amon - the lower claes of femalas , it io equally true that intempi ranee is , in the nv-jority of cases , a result of social and material discomfort . And while that _disoomtort exists , tbe efforts of tbe _benovolent to put down _intt-mperance , prostitution , and crime , will bs comparatively barren of _^ _frnits . It seems to me , _howerur , that a radical change ia our Pool Law , accompanied with such Sanitary and Educa'ienul arrangements as all enlightened statesmen now allow tobe necessary , would go far to extirpate tbese evils , or at least to mitigate tbem to sueh a degree , tbat society would ao longer bo endangered by their existence .

      The main feature . of my plan is , that It r ? _oold ensure _umployment to every _member < f tho community , entirely suppress publio _begglPg , and In a short timo na . turally increase the fixed capital of tbe nation , without interfering with the industry ond enterprise of individuals . With your permission , I shell state Us main features In a second _letttr . Tbe present seems to be a time when all who think tbey can do anything , however little , towards enlightening the public minds on such subjects , ought to come forward with their propositions—tie quid _dstrinttflti _respuM ' oa capital . I remain , dear 6 ir , yours truly , Williah _Bsockib .

      Letter Prom A Pole, To The Statesmen O? ...

      LETTER PROM A POLE , TO THE STATESMEN O ? GREAT BRITAIN , ON THE PRESENT COMUERCUL AND FIN & . NCIA . L CRISIS . Sib , —The commercial and financial crisis with which _England has been so inopportunely visited , find the pre-« _snt position of public affairs , induce rae , es a Pole , to submit to yon certain considerations which may bave an influence on tbe commerce and industry of yeur country ootri bow and hereafter . The principal cause of tbe present crisis is , without doubt , tbe lamina in Ireland aad a bad harvest In England and Scotland . It has been necessary to disburse an enormous amount of capital in Bpeoieto bring grain from Poland by tb _« Baltic and th * Black Sea , be . oause Prussia and Rusaia wbo export from the ports of Poland , admit scarcely any Brutish merchandise , and Inundate tho unfortunate couatry they have partitioned with their own .

      But if Poland were _independent , England would have no need to pay in _specie for agricultural produce , because t _<\& Poles would willingly exchange thtir staples _f't tne manufactures of England , wbich are much belter than thoso of _Germany ond Russia , Thus , corn , masts , timber , wool , leather , honey , wax tallow , hemp , _pot-ieh , nnd even oxen and horses could be exported to England in case of need , against the merchandise that comra"Bly encumbtrs the warehouses of hor _manufao . tnrers . She eou d _otou carry on a lucrative commerce in Polish staple articles , in transporting tbem to those

      countries that are not agricultural . To give an idea of the immense outlet for Engli _. ta merchandise in this new _direction , ' t is _sufficient to consider that ancient Poland extended from tbe Baltic almost to the Black Sea , with a population of some twenty _mUttOBB , exclusively ngri . cultural , without mauu ' _actares , and which , still possessing an uncultivated _territory capable of maintaining a population of twice the amount , woald havo no need to uccupy herself with _taaaufictures _, while aha _ooald exchange her agricultural produce for good manufactures at a _reasonable price .

      It would remain , then , for England to provide for this p-pulation of upwards of twenty millions , not for somo _jenre to come on' *' , but for centuries , aince the wellbeing of tbe population would be augmented ender a national _gavernmcot , and consequently the means would be augmented which the country is nt present forced to _njuct , under governments which drink up her riohes and her blood , and leave her in exchange but misery and _{ iespnlr . Add to this , that if the price of agricultural products in Poland , which at present is much lower than in any other oountry , though they pass through the rapacious bands ot co partitioning states , and itis evident that « uch prodacts would bo cheaper if received directly from Poland .

      But tho actual price would be still more considerably reauccd by the construction of railroads in Poland . _England could even undertake this , on conditions extremely ad » _antogeous to herself ; and would thus secure to _btrstif i _. ot only all tho profit which a reduction of price would produce , but also a considerable debit from her steam tnd other engines . The eBtnbllBhHHBt of railroads in Poland would not be expensive ; her soil is almost a continuous plain , la . bour is _cheup . and large masses of cast iron could bo _furiilshod by tbe proprietors Of furnaces at _n very low price .

      If , _therefore , a railroad were laid down from tbe Baltic to the Black Sea , across the m _.-. _rshes cf _Pinsk , with branches to the other provinces ol Peland , the products of tbe most fertile province * could be transported to the oi & e or tbe other sea , at all _soaauns , at a very low price , in a few days time , wbile at presint they aro obliged to be brought by routes and roads almost Impracticable , requiring several _nwntfas , which increases their price la proportion . Tbis h'gh _pilce Is felt the more wneu the dtmand is considerable , not from corn being dearer in tbe _interior , bat from the impossibility of transporting a sufficient quantity within a _gireB lime to o shi pping port . I _shiill hero give tho mean prices of some of tho products of Podolie and the Ukraine , tbe most fertile provinces of ancient Po _' and . Those are tbe moan prices for those years In which there has heen no dearth in other parts of Europe , lor then these prices _riso a little Wheat , on the spot , 6 s per quarter , A medium _nized Or , at 30 _« .

      A good Horse for light _caralry , £ 7 to £ 8 . The price of other _ortiebs is In the same ratio , and the price of their transport to shipping ports , by moans of a railroad , wouM not preatly _aegm . nt tbem . Oaen could be slaughtered on thc spot , and Baited for the use of the navy . Meanwhile , to arrive at all these results , It is necessary that Poland _^ ould be Independent . To this end England could contribute much . She need not make war on the three co partitioning powers of Russia , Austria , and Prussia , nor adventure armies

      and fleets , to succour the Poles , nor even to supply the _ixp-nacB of war ; no , sbo need do none ef these , tor a nation cf twenty millions and upwards of inhabitants , when resolved to regain her Independence , can find all the neceBDory resources within herself to break tho yoko of her oppressors ; but she may como to the aid of the Poles by an official concurrence . Great Britain can do this without any inconvenience , _becaase the destruction of » ho treaty of Vienna , by tbe Powers who have dig . membercd Poland , hnB untied her handB , and permits her to act henceforth according * to her own views , and In the _interests of her own ctmmerce .

      The British _Government ought even to adopt aB a po-Utlcal principle that of causing one of these powers , Rus . sia , to enter within her ancient limits . Haa the latter regard _tojtbe _intereatsof Bngland % Nobut , on the contrary , bus sbe not done her all tbe evil passible ? Is It not Russia that has cut off all commer . cial relations from _England with the people whom the Czars havo Bubjugated ? Ia she not lyiDg la watt for a _favosrabla moment to seize with impunity on Conatan . tinople , whose capture would lead , of a necessity , to the successive conquest of all the shores of tbe anoient Greek empire , which would permit her to raise a well manned

      navy by tho aid of Gretk mariners , end to make of the Black Sea a Russian lake ? Does she not already _stntih fortb her bands _towarda the British possessions in _India , where she seeks , by covert _moBns to foment troubles and to raise the people against the _EDglisb ? The preponderance wbich sbe has secured lo Persia , already optns the way towardB these countries , and Bbe will not fall to profit by It if 6 h 6 i 6 B 0 t checked . But ths re-establish ment of Poland would crumble this Colossus like a _potsherd-our only resource , ceuld we arrive at this grand result . Meanwhile , an amicable concurrence on the part _ofEDjlflnd woald _ft-ndcr tie labour more mj , for it

      _« _« I ~ t 7 . _M _» M _^ ?! , _« . _triple will g secannot be dissembled , the struggle will be long and _se-™ _Ui tho statesmen of Great Britain fix their attention upon tbis important question . They would Becum to the commerce and Industry of thtir country immoaso advantages , and reader impossible the _retaro of famlaB , and of every financial and commercial crisis , without having to make any sacrifices , Thoy would only be aiding us by legal means . Itis with this view that I have the honour to invite every one who comprehends the gravity and importance of existing circumstances , to unite to form a society , Whose end Shall be the _re-establlshment of Poland . It is to be observed , tbnt the laws of the Literary So . clety of the Friends of Poland , of which tbe Hon . Lorr ? Dudley Coutts Stuart Is Patron , aro opposed to any un . dertaklng ofthe present nature .

      I have the honour , in , consequence , to pray tbat all thoBo wbo wish to take port in ' Tho Association for the Re . Establishment of Poland , ' will send tbeir decla ration to that effect to my address , 10 , Hamilton-street , _C-jmrlen-towD . I shall be ebllged if you will have the kindness to Induce your friends to add their declaration toyeurs ; also , If you will do me the favour of inserting this letter in your valuable journal . I have thi honour to be , sir , Your very humbl « servant . London , April 12 , 1848 . OENERAt BEM ,

      The Kbmington Common Meeting And The Lyi...

      THE _KBMINGTON COMMON MEETING AND THE LYING ' TIMES . ' TO THE EDITOS Or THE _HOBTUEBN STiB . Sia , —The following extract is from tbe _Nobtu Burma _Dail * Mail , of April 18 th . We may doubt , witb such specimens of dishonesty hi fore our eyes as the Btstement of the TlMEfl on thifl Subject , whether the editors are Justified in declaring , as they did a short time since , that' England Is proud of her Times . — While on this matter , I may remark that several ofthe London dally papers , in their _xeal to run down tbe de . roonstration yesterday , have today made a grossly untrue representation of the numbers on the Common , Tho Times and _CaaomcLE try to make their readem believe tbat net 20 . 000 were present . Truth compels me to notice tbis , for the errors of a party affird no

      justification of _n total _mUrtpresentation of their numbers or their proceedings . The Common is about 500 _jants long and 200 broad ; giving an acre In square yards of about 100 , 000 . Now , at one o ' olock , the whole space was dotted over—tbe centre very dense , and tho out « _ide rath _? r tbin snd straggling . Assuming only one person to tbe square yard , instead of nine , the usual calculation Iu a crowded _meetlDjr , we bavo 100 , 009 _pergODg , Those at least were on the ground yesterday , Indcpeu . dent of the crowds in tbe adjoining _tborougbftres . I went expressly oil round the Common tobe satisfied with my estimate ; which , bad the meeting been for any more aristocratic parly purpose , would , 00 doubt , have figured in the ' Thunderer' at 200 , 000 souls , ' Yours respectfully . Tbuih .

      To The S&1t6& 07 The Hoitdseh Stab, Sia,...

      TO THE S & 1 T 6 & 07 THE _HOiTDSEH STAB , Sia , —I wrote to you en Thursday week last , asking you to inform me , through tbe medium of your valuable paper , what was tbe opinion of the leading Chartists upu & the alUmportant _snbject of Free-trade , and more es . pcc ' _a'lr ihe navigation Laws ( in wbicb all working men Ib our neighbourhood are most particularly Interested , and in neither tbe papers of the 22 nd or 29 th ultimo havo I seen any answer . Yon will perhaps wonder tbat I should nek a question which , I bare no doubt , bas been asked hundreds of times before , and that , perhaps , is the reason that _yov bave taken no notice of it ; but the fact

      is this , tbat it ia only since the memorable day of tbe 10 th April tbat I have become a _convert to Chartist principles , and , indeed , I always _locked upon fbe Chartistsasa lawless body , but now happily my eyes are opened , and the veil taken from tbem . If you can insert this letter with so ensnerla yonr nest _psp'r , you will maoi oblige Your obedient and humble _strv & Ilt , A Limehodss Shipwright . Limehouse , 1 st May , 1843 : P . S . —I should have given my name and address , bnt the firm - with whom 1 work were leaders of special constables in this parish ; and if seen , it mi g ht got me my discharge .

      To Thb Editos Of Ths Hostbess Stab . Sib...

      TO THB EDITOS OF THS _HOSTBESS STAB . Sib— Knowing your readiness to give insertion In tbe Stab to those usual acts * of _oppnsslon , which falls due tO the working man s Jot , I forward yon tbe _follewing , which has just been put into operation tn _Nortbumbarland . It appears tbe working men of West _Coomlington Colliery had notice given tbem by tbeir masters for a reduction of prices , amounting to an average of 61 . per day . Thia reduction the workmen have nobly resisted , and bavo , ' ta & man , left their work , until the masters agree to allow them tbeir _prtvlotrspriceB . This , however , be refused to do , and has had recoureeto the inhuman but usual mode , of turning tbem out of tbeir bouses ; thereby expecting to drive the men Into compliance with tbeir unjust demands , and reduced prices .

      The men are , however , nobly doing their duty , and from what has yet taken place , there appear good reasons to conclude tbat much good will result therefrom , as very man / of the adjoining colliers are taking tbe matter up , and have resolved to organise again the Coal MinerB * Union ; seeing as tbey do most clearly , that without sueh protection their labour , their enly capital , is completely at the mercy of tbeir employers . It is therefore most earnestly desired that eaeh colliery in the Tyne , Weir , and Tees , will set about the goo * work again , and by putting into immediate operation the restriction or ngulation of labour , thereby establish a permantnt anion , and n uniform and healthy Btate of tbe trade . I am , io _,. May 2 nd . M . Jcde .

      How To Make The Bane Of Bb'stand Qdake, ...

      HOW TO MAKE THE BANE OF _Bb'StAND QDAKE , AND HER CHILDREN TREMBLE . A correspondent suggests the following mods of con . vorting tbe ' upper classes' to a compliance with the demands ofthe people fer tba Charter , A gentleman posseseed of £ 1 , 000 , can turn ( bat sum into notes amongst bis friends and neighbours , and then cash them at tbe Bank ef England for gold—return to his neighhours for more notes , then to tbe Bank again for more gold ; successively journeying from tho Bank to bis _filenris , and from his friends to the Bank , until tbe appearance of the said gentleman tbere , would create more alarm than an attack by 80 , 000 armed men . A man possessing a £ 5 or £ 10 note , might alone sap tho foundation of a country bank . Now If this plan were aoted upon with unanimi'y throughout Great Britain , It ivould absorb the mighty sea of floating capitab and _atrike terror into tbe minds of those who deny tbe people their rights . A Chartist , _» _j 7 iiiii

      To The Chartists . I Beg To Say That If ...

      TO THE CHARTISTS . I beg to say that If ever there was a time wben It be . boved the Chartist body to assert , maintain , and stand by their _nndylDg principles , It is now . We now see the _mlddlo classes professing to fraternise with us for the attainment oi our object , namely—enfranchisement but I fear that that profession is hollow and Insincere . The aristocracy and the middle classes have begun to see that English tyranny and misrule are about to be tested , and may be swept out of Ireland ; and if by _cajolery tbey can manage to _kotp England quiet , while they bavo butchered and subdued our Irish brethren , they would not hesitate to eat their own wards , and assist to put down any disaffection that may arise here from sucb a proceeding . A Chartist of _FouaiEEN Ybabs Standing . Huddersfield . May 2 nd .

      Organisation Of Labour. The Following Ib...

      ORGANISATION OF LABOUR . The following ib a general expose of the _Uovernm _< 3 nt Commission of Labour , sitting at the Luxembourg : — Scarcel y announced and Installed , the commission was able to enumerate , by disasters , all tha defects of our economical system . A society shaken to its very _foon . _datlons owing to the too long application of a subversive principle—such waa tho prospect of the commission Trades ruined and _cryic-g for assistance , workshops in confusion , interests at war , workmen and masters divided by diurnal disputes , undertakings suddenly stopped , State Interference loudly claimed by the _proprietors if factories . State protection Invoked with anguish or anger by a host of operatives reduoed to their last shifts—such la tbe _speotaele which has brought nndcr our notice the system of competition reduced to glvo a formal account of ita miseries .

      But , on the other hand , it was easy to perceive that there was a fundamental tendency in _thisdlseasedsociety , if not general , at all events very energetic , to encourage _goneroue attempts , and to endeavour to organise a better _Bjstem of labour , To mediate with ardour the code af tht _jprolsfairM to bo emancipated , whilst silently preparing the materialsiu short , to oonfino ourselves to solitary studios would not have sufficed . Placed in tbe midst of a confused medley of interests , pressed by the clamours of misery , _Beixed by the most legitimate impatience , we had to listen to complaints , to allay irritation , to settle differences with Impartial benevolence , to maintain tbe tranquillity of Paris by a permanent _sjBtem of arbitration , to welcome tbo operatives wbo _ofierad to establish fraternal associations—colonies of the future by the side of a tottering past .

      It does not appertain to our province to explain the dangers of such a mission . In tho midst ofthe most frightful distress , in tbe tempestuous intoxication of a revolution , under tho weight of tbo moat urgent _nccessities , and with full consciousness of their strength tbe working classes , by whom we bavo lived surrounded , have constantly behaved with calmness and eonfldesce . Pacts speak for us .

      BECOHC 1 L 1 ATION 8 . Summoned daily as arbitrators between masters and workmen , wo interfered whenever our _Interference was accepted bj both parties , A largo number of reconcillations was thus effected , We will only mention a few on account of tbeir extreme importance , for the peace of ' the capital was staked oa tbe Issue , And , firBt , we have been generall y reproaohed for having decreed the diminution of the duration of dally labour , Weil apart from the oenBitlerationB of _juetlee ,

      Organisation Of Labour. The Following Ib...

      humanity , and sound economy , which militated in favou of that measure , It Is right that th « public should know thnt the question , on the tiny following tho revolution was one of ciril war . What did we do , however t Not ' withatandicg tbe ardent and apparently Irresistible de . mands addressed to _cs , we bolily refused to decide any . thing before we had _consulted tbe beads of establishments , and having assembled them in large numbers they bBBtened to adhere to the demands of their operatives , so equitable did U appear to them to adhere and so perilous to refuse _. __ humanity , sound economy , which militated in _favou '

      Paris was not aware tbat on tbe _morniag ot tbe 29 : n of March the Inhabitants rose without any proa < i peot of bread , Tbe journeymen bakers formally refUlJ < 1 ( j to continue their labours _uoleea their painful sUuauon were ameliorated without delay , They came to tho Luxembourg in thousands to expose tbeir sufferings and their resolutions . All the baking establishments had been abandoned , and wero not to be returned to . The masters hastened to US III _GOnltCrnatiOD _, Th . _s delegates deputed by tbo masters and the work _, men discussed ( thanks to our intervention ) all the details ef their _respective situations . Ae length , an ami . cable arrangement was _effected ; a tariff was adopted which gave general satisfaction , and these thousands af men whose toil supplies the ordinary _neceisities of tbe olty , retired grateful and moved . Paris was supplied with bread tbe next day , as usual , and tbe inhabitants did net even dream tbat they had beea reduced to the very virge of starvation !

      Some days previously , the traffic in Paris had been doubly menaced , It was at first the pavement ot the streets which still kept np tbo _revoiuii-mury movement . No vehicles could pass , ? _fow tba _psviors refused to clear the thoroughfares , and demanded more _exorbitant terms : Recognised as legitimate , in a contradictory discussion between masters and workmen , the demands ot tbe paviors were favourably admitted , and the streets re _» sumed their wonted appearance _. But no sooner had tbe pavements been replaced , and tbe _resuaption of traffic rendered possible , tban the vehicles came to a _staod-stlll , in all parts of Paris . At first , it was the omnibuses , _favorius , & c ., next the _haeuney coaches , cabriolets—in _sbort , ail tbe publio vehicles _. For several days a similar dfieussion took place . At length an agreement was made , and the traffic was _everv where renewed _.

      It became necessary to construct n provisional ball for the meetings of the new National Assembly , the old Chamber of Deputise not being sufficiently spacious for the accommodation of the representatives ofthe Republic . At the very moment wben the works ought to have been pushed forward with the greatest activity , — the opening of tbe Assembly _drswinff nigh , —the tilers descended from the roobj , and refused to _reascend , owing to some dispute with the contractors . Oar Inter _, vention was again required , and ss _s-jon as we had appealed to their patriotism , the tilers offered to labour gratuitously forthe Republic , —a generosity which the Republic could not accept , for it thenceforth owed second _stipend—Kineofgratitude .

      These reconciliations are sufficient to show what we have effected . The whole list would bo too long . Thero sre few branches of trade which have not appealed to ns ; wo will onl y mention the mechanics of the _atslier of _Derosne and Fail , those ef the _ate _' tw Farcot , tbe paperstainers , tbe zinc-work operatives , the etraw . hat manufacturers , the nlghtmen and tbe washerwomen of tbe banlieu _, & o . It _fhould be remarked that It wm most freatieatly the masters that were the first to solicit our arbitration , and impart their embarrassments to bs . Thn masters and the operatives approach the Luxembourg by separate roads ; they _almsst Invariably depart by the samel The _proctS-VirHws ot these reconciliations are depo . sited la the archives of tbe commlMioo , iavested with tba sUnatures of the parties—modest records of labour aad ofconcerd !

      _SSTABIISHED ASSOCIATIONS . Whilst thus labouring to reconcile divided interests , W 0 _flbP wished to connect the future with the present hy a Uw new creations , Several Important association * have been founded by our care , and these societies are now at work In tbe middle of Paris . The Old ( debtors' ) Prison of Clichy is _transformed Into ene vast workshop . The journeymen tailors , combined in ono association , are there executing great works for tbo state , We subjoin a fW details 6 ? the organisation _, and condition of the society , Tbe principle on wbich tbe association of tailors rests Is fraternity . A movable one , It is always open to tha workman wbo preseots himself at its portals , asking for work , and acceptlcg the fraternal conditions Of tho bouse . These conditions are , equal wages for all tks _assoo elates , equal partition in profits , Bnd activity in devotion .

      A jury , appointed by election , Is Intrusted with tha maintenance of _erdtr , and , if necessary , decrees exclusion from tho society . Three delegates , equally elected by the association , represent and administer Ub affairs conjointly with & ra ' nii < terlal commission . The commission of examination controls the acts oi tbe administration . Tbe governmental commission tor workmen Is represented in the _association by an agent , M . _Frossard , The association is installed , and ha « been at work since tho commencement of the month ef April . The state has given it orders for 100 , 800 tunics at lOf . each , and 100 , 000 pantaloons at 3 t . each , for the use of the stationary National Guard ( the cloth being supplied ) , aud for 10 , 180 tunics at 11 F , each , and 10 , 180 pantaloons at 3 f . each , for the movable Natienal _Guv . rd .

      TheBe works are beiog executed by about 1 , 200 associates . _Bekides wbich , the _association _emplqvs a , Urge number of female _brcsohes . _mskers oat of doors , Notwithstanding the expenses of installation and materials , tbe association bas already a profit to divide moderate , it Is true , as all first profits must be , but presenting at once hope and encouragement for the future . The considerable number of workmen who presented themselves durlrg the first few days , and who were obliged to take part In labour insufficient to employ s « many bands , the somewhat disorderly influx of the Na . _tlenal Guards , who rushed In crowds to tho doors of the _worfteaop . ) to ask for t & efr _alotheB _, and the inexperiensB of the management , so natural in the outset , a * first 0 C . _oasioned some confusion . But measures for restoring order were taken , and now the associated _workmen-, some assembled in the large ball of the old _partoir the others dispersed in groups _throuahout the _cells _. _JLars

      working with the generous order whi ch is Inspired b y tbe certainty of developing a fruitful idea . Wbat a noble cpectacle In the midst of struggles of universal an . _tagonism , to behold _thfs great _assembly of men united by bands of the closest dependence ! What a touching sight to behold tbis prison becoming tbe first asylum of real libert y J The barracks of the AlUe des Veuves , in tha Champs Elysees , have received a second society founded on the same principles of fraternal devotion . The sad . _dlers are there working for the equipment of the cavalry . Tbe journeymen spinners , assembled Jn a third _asso . _ciation , havo also received large orders from the State , New societies present tflemge _' _res erery day to tba commission with their plan 9 and tbeir statutes , soliciting aid and approbation . Tbe roasters of factories , on their side , come and offer their workshops to tbe State and piece at its disposal tbeir implements of labour , —soma actuated by _generosl _' y , and others b y an Intelligent cal . culatlon of chances .

      Judging from the foroo of tho current wbicb is carrjing away the fragments of the old state of society , the transformation , unless a crisis supervene , will be oa «» and speedy . The impulse , in sho-t , is given , and it U irresistible . Everything impels , and is impelled , towards the principle of association— the saving system , wbiob will sooner or later be blessed b y those who now decry and oalumnlate it . Tho system of competition and an . _ugomsia , that is to say , of hatred and anarchy , of dis . order and war , abdicates its _sover . i gmy in _thebosoo of the calamities which it hag produced . Perhaps its fall bretarded

      may e by a few temporary compromises , and , for our parts , we shall not _refase to do our best to prop up this eld edifice which ia cracking and crumbling on all _eides 1 The publio may rely upon us , upen whom , since the revolution of February , tbis _perlloua and as . grateful necessity has only entailed fatigues almost superhuman , a bu « e , calumnies—and calumnies , too , on tho part of the very persons whose security we w « ro protecting at the risk of our popularity , sometimes ot tho risk of our lives . But let there be no mistake . Tho timo for vain palliatives has _passpd away . A desperate disease requires severe ' ™ remedies .

      And what « We have sought the solution © f this _ques . tion in good faith , taking account of the necessities of a transition with all tba care c « _unselled by _equit , but at the same time , setting out from this principle—do v ' onr du'y , and good will ensue . 'ur The _comraisBion will continue the publication of its expose in the course of a few days .

      Ssuurbror Church Rates.—A Short Time Sin...

      _SsuuRBroR Church Rates . —A short time _sinoa tho parish of St Austell , Cornwall , was the scene of one of these disgusting occurrence ? . Two of the inhabitants had their goods taken tor the purpose of supporting that obnoxious thing called church rateH , one whose rate waB one shilling and sixpence , had Roods of tbe value of tbirty . / our shillings taken and ! _Old for thirteen aad sixpence . The other had a a good feather bed and sheet taken for eight and eightpence . After a considerable lapse tftime aa auctioneer was found bold enough to mount the rostrum and offer the articles for sale , part of which . were bought in and the remainder ( two lota ) sold one to the _auctioneer , and the other to a devotee of BacchuB , who was compelled to remain locked up in the sale room for an hour and a half , not daring to Bhow his face to tbe enraged orowd , who remained determined to see an end to the affair .

      Pikes and penknives are stated to be tbe order of the day in Dublin , ao far aa English cutlery establishments are concerned . No other artiole seems io be ordered or required . An _™^? *? . _* _i , _*; _? _trough of _Manchester , _thew _aas 49 , 023 habitable houses . Tho inhabitants amount to nearly three hundred thousand ! The Manchester Guardians estimate the poor expenditure of the ourrent year at £ 120 , 000 , whioh is equivalent to a rate of five shillings in tho pound . A public meeting held at the Kensington Institute , has , by a majority of 87 to 4 , condemned tl » Publio Health Bill .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 6, 1848, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_06051848/page/2/