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A THE NORTHERN STAR, Mat 8, 184*.
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OK THE IIRST OF JULY. 1U7,
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IHE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, _LA_ 8,18«.
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THE PEOPLE AND THEIR PROSPECTS. The Parl...
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EMANCIPATION O. INDUSTRY. • The signs of...
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW. IRISH POLICY—TEN H...
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For pne.thine.onfy.have the peop'e te_sf...
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The unworkable and fallacious nature ofl...
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Co ^eaUersf €on'momtt\ t$M
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HI.C-UANIO.S, Mr Sidsoibs, Wiuche»ier.—M...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
A The Northern Star, Mat 8, 184*.
A THE NORTHERN STAR , Mat 8 , 184 * .
Ok The Iirst Of July. 1u7,
OK THE _IIRST OF JULY 1 U _7 ,
Ad00410
_w .. _^ „„ . .. _, , _^« . 0 _« J ? _ta 6 _KiW , _, _^ _..-.--., - - ISO . L ( PBICE sixPEKCE , ) J- _-vnh ' _.. Mt % P . ! _. _¦;*¦; " THE PEOPLE'S LEGAL ADVISER . , Thi , The . objectiof this monthly publication , is perhaps suffl-« den . de . _Uigndicated by its title ; it may he well , however , to j add i add a few words in explanation . _¦'¦"¦ _¦ , ' ¦ -i ¦ * Th- " That there are many subjects of _ n _wclnsively le _* _al i chart character , and bearing peculiarly on the interests of tne . ' - _¦ _wo r- . _'war- _' _-s classes—on them more than on the other _clas * _- _** ' . < of si of siciety- - * _atrutli that hardly req _ ire » Jte assertion ; . _«* dia _ dit wonld , of eo _ r _» e beUes __ -let _ At _ _UtheMEllould Tbe ;_!* _. _ brought together'in a form , cheap , c ? P _?* ° _^; , _^ r ' _fatel intelfigibk & rthebenefitof those to whom _tteyc-ienj i Tela ) relate . ¦ '• ¦ ' ' _- ' -- * - _„ . _ .
Ad00411
A GOOD FIT _WARRANTED . SUPERFINE BLACK CLOTHES made to order at the G _ kat Wes-kb - _Ehpobio- _- , 1 and 2 , Oxford _Sx-EET , LosnoK , which neither spot nor change colour . Onlv £ 310 s the _ecmplete suit of any aze- Thes ? t _ oth _« *_ n _ ot be eqnailed at any other Tailoring Esta _ohsliment . _UlJSDEL-a-d Co .., Fine Llama Cloth , forliglit over coat ** , made to order at £ l 12 s . The very finest only £ 2 , -wbich for durability and elegance cannot be surpassed . "With safe linings , 3 s _oxtra . ¦ , ¦ . Omnibuses to andfi-om fhe City , stop atthe establishment every minute of tiie day .
Ad00412
IMPORTANT TO EMIGRANTS . AGRICULTURISTS and others may purchase l 5 t ACRES OF RICH-TIMBERED LAND OT "WESTERS VIRGINIA , described , by General Wash _, bigun as Gut Garden of America , for £ 23 Ss . Sd . Sterling , --BOOT THREE SHILLINGS PER ACRE . £ 2 12 s . only to be paid down , the remainder in PIPE ANXVAL PAl'MEX TS . ¦ For further information apply to CHARLES WIL ___ 3 R , AmericanLand Ofiice , STASLSr BOl-M . V- 3 , BATH STREET , LIVERPOOL . Of whom m _ y be had a Pamphlet en Emigration , in which these Lands are fully described , and the terms of tale explained , by . ending three postage stamps to tree the same .
Ad00413
AUXILIARY TO THE _KATIOSAL LAND COMPAXY . - ¦ - TnE FOUNDER of the _NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE BENEFIT SOOIETr respectfully acquaints his brelireu of the Land Company and his Brother Demoerats in general , that his object in founding tbe Society was to aid and assist the Satsonal Land Company i « its glorious efforts to emancipate the human race , by pouring -iindsinto its exchequer , through the means of _tbeKATIOSAL LAS * , and LABOUR BANK ; but the adoption of the PEOPLE'S BANK has proved a death-blow to the enrolment _« f the Society . All enrolled societies since the passing of tbe "Sew Friendly Societies * Act , being compelled to deposit their cash inthe Bank of England , and thus furnish the sinews" to uphold a Standing Array ,
Ad00414
TO TAILORS . B . Read ' s New Patent Indicator for finding proportion and _dispropiiniou in all systems of cutting . Caveats gr-ineed , April 22 n _ , 1817 . signed by Messrs Pooland Capmeal , Patent Office , 4 , Old Square , Lincoln ' s Inn . Declaration of same , signed hy Sir G . Carroll , Knt , Lord Major of London . TIIE LONDON : AND PARIS SPRING AND SUMMER FASHIONS for 1 S 17 , are now ready , by BENJAMIN READ and Co ., 12 , Hart-street . Bloomsbury square , London ; and by G . Berger , HolywelUitreet , Strand . May be had of all booksellers wheresoever residing . By approbation of her Majesty Queen Victoria and H . R . H . Priuce Albert , a Splendid Print , beautifully coloured , and e _<* uisitelyexecuted , thewhole very superior tu _anjtlustf or tiie kind ever before published . This beautin-print will be accompanied with the most fashionable , jBitl size , Frock , Dress , and Riding Coat Patterns—a
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BALDNESS . EFFECTUALLY REMOVED . A SURGEON redding ia Cork having , * - ! the coarse _; of Ms Practice , had _^^«^ - _*^^« i _^ - p t 9 . _ n 4 ncq _ iredt . aat expenenee _^ _in-itlie _TREAfMpT OF _CAPILLARY DISEASES , _. ega- to infonr . _ , _« se'per _ ons . _ ffict . k wi _^ ancedmlifeX . mayJbyJa . most H » pte process , BEPBO . BCC _thaHneoes-iry orname . t _^ P _^^ app _lvmg _*«« re-. _uiieto _CTdos-a-jwalkquantitW-f hair , . _ _Jid _a-feehfMve _si _.-Uingsi bx poXoffice order , !** . fay . _ r _ogSuweoa t _Js'srv-t-trt-rtioBS will be fisrwarded Iw < rct _ n _ oipost .
Ad00416
_Butikel-t . —the - next meeting of this branch tri bche ! _ _-at B _ tter ! _. y , on Satnrday , May 8 th , at se -yif . o ' clpek , when _ . upper will he provided in _IlDUMroft-el- _;^
Ad00417
MADAME _D'AROSMONT , late FRANCES ttTJGIIT , will deliver a course of lectures at _. Fox _' g Chapel , S 5 u-i'RaB , Finsbury , mr Tuesday and Thursday evenings , commencing on _Taespy , May . lltn , . at half . _paBt eightVdw * _-. - ' Subject : . "The Mission . of England _con-_ ide » d with" reference to the _civilwational history of Modern Europe , and the denouement of the difficulties ofthe hour . ** ' .- - _;^; Admission to each lecture , _twopencs , to defray the expenses ofthe Chapel , Printing , and Advertising . .
Ad00418
WEST _RlblNGf OF ; ' YORKSHIRE . _WAB-SFIELD ADJOURNED SESSIOK . NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN , that the Spring Gene ral Quarter Sessions of tho Peace , for the West Riding ofthe County of York , will be held'by' adjourn _, ment in the Committee-Room , at the House of Correction , at _W-xefielp , on Thursday , the 13 U » Day of May inst ,
Ad00419
; THE LAND . NOTICE . —Any individual desirous of purchasing a two acre allotment , at O'Connorville , are requested to communicate with Mr John Hart , No . 7 , O'Connorville , near Rickmansworth , he _having such a _ otni _»„ t to dispose of , in _coasequence of other engagements . All letters tobeprepaid _.
Ad00420
NOTICE . The Shareholders of the NATIONAL LAND COMPANY are hereby informed that A GRAND DEMONSTRATION "Kill take place at O'CONNORVILLE , HERTS , On Whit Monday , May 2 _ thy 1847 , To commemorate the Anniversary of the Company . The Directors not having , succeeded in obtaining a special train from London for the occasion , the Metropolitan members are _' recommeuded to proceed to the estate by van or railway . * Day _tickets to and from Watford can be had at _Euston-square' station for 2 s . Cd . each . ' The branches will make tbeir own arrangements immediately . The time and place of _starting for vans and other vehicles will be announced in a future notice . ; By 0 _ d _ b of in . _Dibeciosb .
Ad00421
Now Beady , a New Edition of MR . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS , To . be had at the _JVi-raern . Star Office , 16 , Great _vTkd mill Street ; and of Abel Heywood , Manchester .
Ad00422
JUST PUBLISHED . No . 5 ,, ( price 6 d . ) of
Ad00423
NUMBER III . of "THE LABOURER , " _Containing , amongst other matters , a Repr int of Mr F . O'Connor ' s Letter , in the "Northern Star" of January 30 th , demonstrating : the certainty with which an allottee may support himself and family , and accumulate money , ona "TwoAcre"allotoient . . The very general demand that was made fur the . paper containing the above letter ' induced the ' Editors to reprint it , after careful revision ; in the _-Tarc ' i Number of the ''Labourer . " - ¦ . . ' _-. '• NUMBER IV . of "THE LABOURER , " Containing an elaborate Treatise on the NATIONAL LAND AND LABOUR BANK , IN ITS BEtA-ION WITH THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . Are now reprinted , and may be had on applications .
Ad00424
NUMBER ** _ . (_ * " THE LABOURER , " To he published on June 1 st , will be enriched with an cleg-ant Portrait _^ engraved on . Steel , of T . S . DUNCOMBE , Eso .., M . P .
Ad00425
A- . will complete the first volume otuie _•* . _« - tourer •* ' copies of wliich , neatly bound in embossed cloth , [ Price 3 s . 6 d . each ) will be ready early in the month of June , Letters ( pre-paid ) to be addressed to the Editors , 16 Sreat Windmill Street , Haymarket , London . Orders received by . all agents forthe " Northern Star , " and all booksellers in town and country .
Ad00426
On the 10 th of 3 _Tay , wiU be published , prico _6 d . ( printed from tbe Short-hand Writer . Notss _, ) THE TRIAL OF THE MECHANICS AT LIVERPOOL on the 2 nd and 3 rd of April , 1817 . Edited by W . P . Roberts , Ef q . London : _AbrfJlcrj * Star Office , 16 , Great Windmill Street , _Hajmarket , Manchester : Abel Heywood , Oldham-street ; and all Booksellers .
Ihe Northern Star Saturday, _La_ 8,18«.
IHE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , _ LA _ 8 , 18 « .
The People And Their Prospects. The Parl...
THE PEOPLE AND THEIR PROSPECTS . The Parliamentary Quacks , who saw in the present crisis only an accidental event , the blasphemous Churchman who thought of it only a . a Divine dispensation , the party out of ofiice who beheld in it a political godsend , and the party in ofiice who gazed bewildered on . the " Great difficulty , " that , while it thinned their enemies by death , was sharpening their anger by famine ,, all stand alike before the tribunal ofthe people—with a vast circumstantial evidence against them ; while hunger , fever , and bloodshed , are writing their condemnation on the page of history . It would be an interesting
study to _devolpe how , one by one , these evils crept upon society from the Pandora-box of monopoly ; hew first the healthful current of national life was disturbed—here stopped and there accelerated—how gold began to assume a preponderating power , until now , when its few possessors think it equal to any emergency , and that showering it over Ireland will not cultivate the neglected soil—but demoralise and enslave its equally-neglected children . . Retrospections , however , are only in so far useful , inasmuch as they teach us the means of extrication from a great calamity , or afford a warning of future danger .
This is a good that does not always accompany an evil—in our case it happily does—and every , different phase of society points to the class-legislation which has withered the stately branches of our English oak , while all the nourishment-was drawn from its roots and trunk to feed the _extravagent ' , foilage of its haughty crest . Never was effect more plainly dedatible from cause-rneyer was , the consequence of monopoly more clearly developed : the perishing of all beneath the baneful influence of one monied class . The rot begins atthe foundation—the working population feel it first but it docs not stop with them ;
—the middle _classesj / wlsb erroneously cling to the " greatmonied interest , " are beginning to suffer _, from its effects . Those least capable of stemming the storm—the small shopkeeper and retail tradesman—are beginning to drop off one by one from the golden standard of respectability . The stagnation in trade is already affecting them ; tbey are losing , as we illustrated last week in the case of Oldham , they are losing , wc say , their best customers , as the workiug classes are reduced , from workers into paupers .- —the majority have not the capital to
withstand the crisis—they get into debt , become embarrassed , and thus insolvencies and bankruptcies are every day of more frequent occurrence . Not so with the great capitalist . Out of the calamity he draws fresh sources of profit—and where this is interrupted he is enabled to wait , to reap a prospective advantage , while the minnows in the vast sea of mammon are perishing hourly before his eyes . He is able to dictate his terms—he rules thc market in which he sells . Thus the creator of the pauie speculates on its results . The . famine he caused must , he knew , be alleviated ; Government must take it
The People And Their Prospects. The Parl...
V * _> . ' $ i "' , s »! . ' _¦ ' _* , ! ,. ' _(¦ ? "f i in hand—gold musi ' " be . ; po _^ _< . _*> _v _<^ jt _*' - *' ' _•" . _«*•¦*¦' - * ' **•¦"¦'¦* " _*"¦ _'J _^ . ' . * " _*"" ,. .. . .. ¦ _- ¦ . . .. — ... i , -,..- _* .. ., _ .. ! .- — bought , at any cost , to . calm down insurrection : hs- ' had the food , ' ¦ it' must " be ? _bouglii " of \ him , and . thus ,. ; between . , thie anger of / the people _^ tnd the ' fears- of - the Government , he : fills hie coffers out of ; the , sufferings of humanity . This gives -him-added ; strength to meet the reaction that he could * not fail to anticipate . This enables him , now that food is becoming eren plentiful , to keep up'the prices ; for , if he cannot sell , he-, can afford to '" . wait , since he'thinks sooner or later he will be able to dictate his own
term 3 . Thus everything is tending . to that result which we have before predicted—the division ' of tlie community into two classes—the great monied _interest ,-and the toili _. g millions . Theimiddle classtheshopkeeping . 1 _ass- _>* _which has . held so proud an aspect , which has set its : foot upon the neck , of the working-man ; at the same time that it knelt in slavish subserviency to the capitalist , is beginning to wonder that it reaps uo advantages . from the monopolies it carried in the interests of Us masters . The " buying cheap and selling dear , " brings it no benefit _.
since it is the wholesale dealer vibe sells dearly to the retail tradesmen ; and as the latter is obliged to raise the price of his articles , so he finds the" number of his customers diminish . Again , as the class above him keeps rising in undue importance , that class to which the tradesman bas erroneously looked for support , he finds that in that quarter , too , the amount of his custom is growing less . The small beginner , who was content with English goods , now grown into the great capitalist , scorns that which may be easily had ; his wife and children are no longer
clothed in the fabrics in English looms , but they rustle in foreign silks ; the wares in the neighbouring market-town are too poor in this _railroad-age—and trade becomes centralized in one or two great centrepoints , ; -where it is massed in the haiids . ofa . few monied monopolists , to the ruin of the tradesman class throughout ' the country . The latter now begin to find that they'have made a great mistake—that _millocracy is their greatest enemy , and democracy their truest friend . The bugbear of high wages , which alarmed them , while it is beginning to lose its
terrors before the light of reason , at the same time shows more clearly that the millocrat and the shopkeeper has no common interest . It fe to the advantage of the former that wages should be low-rsince he has chosen a foreign and not a home market ; and loss of strength in a starving ' population , is more than atoned for by machinery . It is to the advantage of the latter that . wages should be high , since it is to this very population that they have to , look for customers—and the amount of men paid by- the farmer and shopkeeper is small compared to that employed
by the manufacturer and capitalist—and it is the amount of wages received by the men so employed , that enables him to buy much , little , or hot at all , the wares of the tradesman , and the ¦ Vbr e- ( l _* . tuff _' of the farmer . Even the higher wages paid by these latter is no loss—it must be looked upou as . _ttlbncy put out at interest , and at a high rate of interest too , since the working man does not lock the produce of his toil ina , chest , or bury it in the ground—but spends it to buy . himself and his family the necessaries , and , if possible , thecomfoits of life . Thus the
money paid by a class to the working men it em . ployed , is returned again to the employing class with that interest comprised in the profit on the goods or produce tbey may sell , enabling them by its quick returns to extend the sphere of their trade , and , thus establishing that state of polity , without -which a national life must be diseased ; mutual benefit arising from the prosperity of each , instead of one class growing rich , by absorbing the resources of another . Meanwhile the evil effects under which we are suffering , are but a type of those that will ensue , if
the legislative causes of these effects are permitted to work on undisturbed . It is because they are not , a divine dispensation , that their developement must continue under the present system . Class legislation , the source of thc misevy , is flowing on uninter _* _- ruptedly . Until its poisonous stream is dammed by Universal Suffrage , and the waters of progression fertilise the field of labour , so long must the wealth of England float down the narrow channel of Monopoly , amid the deserts it has drained to swell its current And , indeed , the present crisis would be more severe
were it not for temporary and accidental causes Prices would be higher , were it not for the recent money-transactions of the Bank , which , however , cannot exercise an otherwise than evanescent influence ! while the monied power that controuls the actions of our statesmen and crushes the industry of the people , expects to mould the FUTURE ; in its golden die . Gold will maintain an array , navy and police , to do its bidding;—gold will bribe vena l constituencies to return a venal parliament;—gold will banish the refactory slave as an emigrant or a
convict , —and thus , strong in an imagined security , the millocracy drive the chariot of their Juggernaut over the necks of prostrate millions . But woe to them if those millions : should combine ; woe to them if their petty jealousies should cease ; woe to them if the conflicting . sections of tbe working classes , who suffer from the same evils , advocate ihe same reforms , but quarrel about the NAME , should-think that liberty _« 'by any other name would be as sweet , " and rally for the cause of Man against Mammon . However " strong monoply has
built its fortress , built on a quicksand it suffers peril from the flood of freedom ; - —and , " as there is a tide iu the affairs . of men , which , taken at the flood , leads on to fortune , " woe to monopoly , we say , if the people take advantage of the present turn , the split of factions , the coming election , the monetaiy crisis , the pressure ofthe famine , and the threat ofthe pestilence , to sweep away the _Jioary villainy of ages , and , before they grant another seven-years lease to iniquity , make a stand for the Charter , aud extort their rights fiom the -weak hands
of " Expediency '' and " Finality . ' Woe to monopoly , we say , if the the Irishmen , instead of emigrating , should insist upon staying ' _. , at home _. Woe to monopoly if the people of Great Britain but once awake to a sense of their interest , ' their duty , and their power . Yorkshire and Lancashire are already sounding notes of preparation : —why not all England ? There is no time to lose . Government will probably hasten an election , to _, take the " sense" ! of tlie country ( that is , . fathom the
venality of S 00 , _000 eiectors , ) before matters proceed to worse , aud their . " incapability becomes still more apparent . We say to the . people—Remember tbem at the hustings 1 and you-that are honestremember them at the' pblling-bpoth t : Think , when you vote , on your wives and children , —for on your votes will mainly depend whether they shall perishas staving ' slaves in factories and Bastiles , or whether you Will coerce rampant . tyranny into submission , and open the door for a Chartist Parliament to supersede a , Venetian oligarchy .
Emancipation O. Industry. • The Signs Of...
_EMANCIPATION O _. INDUSTRY . The signs of immense political and social changes multiply ott all hands . They arc visible equally in the new and kindly . interest evinced by the aristo * _- cracy in question , affecting the rights and interests ofthe masses , and in the more enlightened , independent and deteraiiiied progress oftlie working classes
themselves . Those who devoted themselves some years ago to the advocacy of the rights of labour , and the task of elevating the condition of the wealth-producers , had frequently the sorrow of witnessing the frustration of tlieir efforts , by the want of union , and the prejudices of the very parties whom they sought to benefit : No lesson has been so _{ t . _* ii taught by the leaders of the people , none havebeen more . strongly insisted upon , as bewtt absolutely essential to success , than the neces-
Emancipation O. Industry. • The Signs Of...
-ity _' _-ior _' _a-generi-goo _^^^ bined acr ion _amtmist ; allthose _? ho , Uye by labour , whether high , orlow . , paid _.- >; <¦ ..: _*' - '¦¦ __ ~ ; Unhappily , however , up to a recent period , the aristocratic and exclusive spirit which is' the ban ? of this country , was equall _* f ,.. strorig among the , trades as amongthe _jewelled and scented members of society .- The high-paid , trades looked down upon their poorer brethren , and kept aloof from them aa fastidiously as the most dainty Bond-street lounger could do . The _resulthas been that capital has always had to deal with labour in sections , never in well-combined masses . The consequence of this fatal want of unity , we do not now need ; to
tell . It is enough to ; know that the . experience ; of the past has at length impressed all _grades of labourers with the . conviction that their interests are identical . _Tbatlwh . ther thej- receive three pounds or three shillings a week , they are , essentially the _slayes of c ' apital and the commercial system ; that the very nature of that system is to squeeze out of labour tfie largest proportion of wealth it possibly can , for the use and enjoyment of the capitalists , and to leave the labourer the lowest amount on which subsistence can be perpetuated , and that any effectual resistance to this constant and unvarying downward pressure of the system can . alone be found in the legal , peaceful , and well directed combination of , all classes who depend upon labour only for their daily bread .
One of the most gratifying indications of the spread of this feeling which has recently come under our notice , is the meeting of thei , trades at Manchester last Saturday , of which a full report is given in another column . The temper / abiltty , and enlightened views of various speakers at that meeting are such as would do honour to any class , and far superior to the hum-drum -namby-pamby word-mongering of parliamentary orators . ' Their , case was admirably stated , their rights lucidly defined , and their demands plainly , firmly , eloquently explained . _'*'• ¦¦
The narrow sphere of local observation . and local exertion has given place to more comprehensive reasoning and extended efforts . The working men no longer content themselves by wrestling with effectsthey strike boldly at thecauses ofthe deterioration aud oppression of their class . A great principle was asserted afc the Manchester meeting in the first ; resolution , in the following words —
Justice can nerer be awarded to the working classes until the ** are fully admitted to all the privileges of citizenship , including the right of being _com-ms-d li - the juries ef their country ; inasmuch , as , according to the present system , partial and unjust verdicts must resultfrpm juries being constituted exclusively of the classes whose interests are identical with those of capitalists generally . , * . -j . -
This is , indeed , turning acts of oppression and injustice to their right use . The principle of trial by jury is , that a man shall be tried by his peers , but practically that principle is in abeyance . Juries are composed of the . classes who ) as truly and forcibly stated in the resolution , have interests identical wit " the capitalists ; and hence , t __ t wine- 5 . looked _iipon ai ) stractcdlyasthepalIadiumofi _. ritishliberty , becomes by its perversieh an additional instrument of wrong aiid injustice to the poor man . The prejudices and class interests , engendered by existing arrangements .
are carried into the jury box , and prevent the due administration of the law . In claiming that juries shall be constituted impartially , the trades of Manchester not only exhibit great sagacity , but at the same time assert an important constitutional right ; and when these rights are so demanded and asserted , they cannot be long withheld . One sentence of Mr Donovan's ought henceforth to become the motto of the working classes , as expressing , accurately and forcibly the whole of their demands : — " We want not equality but equity—equity in the jury boxeq-ity in ' _- _Esislation-EQUITY IN
EVERYTHING . " Resistance to so reasonable a demand must be fruitless . The . meeting was distinguished not only by the sound and comprehensive views enunciated by the speakers , but also by the true fraternal feeling which was manifested . The high waged mechanic and the low paid handloom-weaver occupied the same platform , and expatiated on the necessity for dropping all senseless distinctions in future , and " the formation of one ' grand and united body for the purpose of protecting their common , rights , and
interests . To the reasons so admirably urged for taking tbis course we can add nothing , but it may not be improper to remind the Trades at that _meeting , that a grand and united body is already formed . The National Association of United Trades , under the presidency of Mr Duncombe , was formed expressly for the purpose of protecting industry . Its machinery was carefully constructed with a view to eurol the largest possible number of the working classes in its ranks , and to concentrate and direct their aggregate energies in the most effective manner upon any given point .
The great difficulty which bas hitherto been experienced in getting any association of Trades to work , has been the variety of condition among those associated , and the impossibility of applying general rules to those whose position was so dissimilar . It was also found that the maintenance of Local Unions in connexion with such consolidated bodies , was extremely difficult , and that the local , bodies were not ., disposed to submit to the interference rendered necessary by a system of centralization . This hindrance ti » general
union , has , we believe , been effectually removed by the constitution of the National Association . It is based upon the equitable principle of a Mutual Assurance Society , and guarantees to all its members , benefits in proportion to their payments { besides the . support , and moral influence . inseparable from the existence of an extensive and powerful association . With the internal affairs of each trade , th e Association never interferes until called upon to do so by its own managers , and then firstly as mediators between contending parlies . Each local trades '
union possesses supreme and unquestioned controul in thc management of its own affairs . Such a constitution as this , combining , as it does , all thc advantages of local self-government , with the incalculable benefits of general support ; a wise central supervision , and a new mode of applying the funds of the trades _;\\ . whweby \; they , .. are ; . no longer wasted in strikes , but become the foundation of new wealth for the producersthemselves ,, appears to us to possess all the requisites . that can be looked for in such an Association . Its practical success will , of course , depend upon the extent to ; which it is
supported by the various trades , and wo observe with great pleasure , ' from the weekly reports in our _colums , that its progress , under the auspices of its able , honest , aud zealous president , has _, so-far , been of the most encouraging description . In conjunction with the spirit manifested at the Manchester meeting , and the thousands of pounds which flow into the People ' s Exchequer for the creation of a new race of freemen iu England on the plan proposed by Mr O'Connor , we look upon this Association as one of the most , cheering _indications of the rapid ' approach ofa period in which tho producing classes will be intelligent , united , and' powerful enough to assume their rightful position in society .
As to the immediate object of the meeting which has elicited these remarks , it is unnecessary for us to repeat the views already expressed on the subject , or the deep interest with which we watch the struggle . "'Tis not in niortalsto command suecess j" but , if it be attainable at all , it will be under the skilful and zealous generalship of Mr Roberts , to whom the working * classes of Great Britain owe a deep debt of gratitude for having first shown them how the tables might be turned . and the law , hitherto deemed their enemy , be converted into a friend , and
Emancipation O. Industry. • The Signs Of...
• defenceagainst-the , aggressions of _^ _hefotaskmMters . " A few more battles _, l _& e those in which Mr _RobertB . _has shown such intrepid _^ courager _gre _* 1 _* legal knowledge , and uniinp-jjchable integrity , will strike terror into tlie hearts of the opponents of labour . ' They will pause before again attempting to pervert the machinery of the law to purposes of oppression , with the fear of the People ' s Attorney
before their eyes ; especiall y if he is backed by the long purse arid earnest resoluteness of a NATIONAL ASSOCIATION , comprising in its ranks all varieties of the labouring classes , animated by one high and holy impulse , namely , —the practical establishment of the first principles of Christian equity . The labourer is worthy of his hire , and shall first be partaker of the fruits .
Parliamentary Review. Irish Policy—Ten H...
PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . IRISH POLICY—TEN HOURS' BILL—NEW POOR LAW " . A curious illustration of the extent to which the collective character and reputation of a Parliament may be influenced by the personal ' character and political tendencies of the Government for the time being , is afforded by the different aspects , of the same body under the guidance of Sir R . Peel and Lord John Russell . This is not the time to narrate or criticise the career of the present
soon-to-be-dissolved Parliament ; but it may be briefly remarked , that , under the government of Peel , it steadily and progressively-entered upon a series of commercial _•* . _ _financial changes , which , whether right or wrong , were evidently all based upon one great principle ,, and emanated from a mind which thoroughly comprehended the scope of that principle , and its application to the existing institutions and the circumstances of . the times . Had Parn _ i _ e _ t been dissolved atthe end of last Session , it would have * . . * been memorable for the consistency with which the idea of commercial freedom , had . been worked out
by the revisal and re-construction of tariffs , and the construction of a system of exchanges , based upon principles entirely / , opposed to those by which commercial intercourse between nations had heretofore been governed . Unfortunately for it , however , and the country , it was kept in existence for another Session , to show that it can as faithfully reflect the trimming . vacillation , want of principle , and imbecility of the Whigs , as the statesmanlike impress of Peel . From beginning to end , its career this Session has been a painful series of inconsistencies , and its members , looking at their present plight , may well exclaim with Hamlet , —
" To what base uses may we como , Horatio ?" Take the Ministerial Irish policy as an instance _^ Frora the commencement our readers will remember that , we denounced the scheme as being intended to manufacture fresh advantages for the privileged classes of that country , out of the very miseries which their past misgovernment had caused . We showed that the landlords alone would be the parties substantially benefitted , and that the various nostrums of which the heterogeneous mass wa 3 compounded , could not ) even if carried into effect , have
any direct and tangible beneficial influence on the condition of the people of Ireland . We exempted from this sweeping condemnation two measure ., each of which embodied a sound and equitable principle , though—with the usual suicidal fatality which distinguishes Whigs on all occasions—these principles were dealt with after the approved Procrustean fashion , whieh cuts everything down to the small dimensions of Whig intellect and Whig honesty . These two measures were the Irish Poor Law Bill , and the Wil ) for the Reclamation of Waste Lands . The defects of
each of these measures , even when tried by the abstract standard of Lord John Russell . definition of their principles and objects , we fully exposed at the time they were first propounded ; but we added , that , small , defective , and inadequate to the exigencies of the crisis as tbey were , we doubted whether they were meant for anything more than merely to gild the pill of Landlordism ; and thus , if once the other portions of the scheme were carried out , the people ' s part of it would be abandoned , or so stultified as to be useless .
The event has justified the prediction . The Poor Law has reached tbe Lords , " the shadow ofa shade . " The Premier in the Commons boldly asserted the right of tbe poor to out-door relief , and of the poverty of Ireland- to be supported by the property of Ireland . We did not find that right practically acknowledged in his bill , and said so . His lordship ' s colleague , the leader of the House of Lords , we find agrees with us . In proposing its second reading , the Marquis of Lansdowne , in an exceedingly apologetic speech , devoted a great deal of time and pains to show that the bill does not confer a general , permanent , and indiscriminate right
to out-door relief . Had it done so , or involved that principle , he should have been the last person to have proposed it to , their lordship 3 ! 1 Really , there is no knowing where to find the present Ministry There is not a single great principle , or a single important measure with which they have not played fast and loose during the present Session . My Lord Lansdowne , seeing in such a yielding humour , will oppose no very vigorous resistance to the to the assaults of _Mdnteagle , Stanley , orDr _Whately . Whntover remains ot vital equity or humanity there may yet be in the mutilated bill , will be undoubtedly crushed out of it by the united . forces of selfish landlordism , aad heartless economists . It will , in all probability leave the lords a mere caput morluum . *
" Thus bad before , but worse remains behind . " The frequent delays in bringing forward the Waste Lands Reclamation Bill , at the times when it was set down in the business paper , excited our suspicions . The probability that it was intended tq . be ' , * burked , " suggested itself as quite in consonance with the usual policy of this most unprincipled ministry . We were right . It is abandoned , and , not only , abandoned , but given up under circumstances , and for objects , which stamp a thousand-fold deeper disgrace upon the transaction , than the simple dropping of the measure . Ofthe £ 8 , 000 , 000 granted for the relief of Ireland , £ 1 , 000 , 000 was destined for the reclamation of wastes
and the introduction ot a small proprietary tenantry into that country . It was , in connexion with the Poor Law , the only thing that really had the slightest relevancy to the subject , or attempted to solve the great question of how more labour and more food were to be given in Ireland to the People of Ireland . Another scheme wbich proposed to employed £ 16 , 000 , 000 daring four successive years in the construction of railways , to which the companies were to add £ 8 , 000 , 000 more , making in all £ 21 , 000 , 000 , was torn to pieces by the Chancellor of the Exchequer , and the Whig orators , _asaltogtheriuadmissable . This curious piece of patch-work was the true remedy for Ireland's
grievances , and the Bentinck scheme for employing the people in the construction of works that would - \ timateiy have returned interest ; and , in the course of time , have stimulated the industry , and developed the latent resources of Ireland , was " whistled down the wind . '' The great reasons for its rejection were , that the money market would not stand it , and that it would benefit : speculators in shares . Well , would it be believed , that the identical Chancellor of the Exchequer , who , at a time when there was no perceptiM _* . pressure on the money market opposed an impartial and a general measure . of this description , would come forward at a moment of monetary
panic with a scheme precisely similar in principle . " Yet so ic is ! The difference between tbem—and it is a great one—is , that , wkerens the Bentinck scheme was an impartial one , and applied to all companies alike—the Government scheme is a partial one , and embraces only three favoured companies , who are to have the privilege of receivin _* * the gavernment money at five per cent ., while every " body else is paying ( when they are lucky _enough to get any , ) from twelve to fifteen per cent ! ° Will this be of no advantage to the holders of shares in
these lines i _Uut the climax of the affair is this : the money thus given to these favoured lines and shareholders , is robbed from the poor of Ireland . Ifc is _takgn out ofthe £ 8 , 000 , 000 already vote , for Ireland , and specially from the sum appropriated to the reclamation of . waste lands ! Probably the Chancellor did not intend this when he first mooted the railway loan , but such is the result oftho subsequent cabinet deliberations . In order to oblige their friends , tbe shareholders of certain lines , the govern * Iment give them the money voted by Parliament
Parliamentary Review. Irish Policy—Ten H...
Ireland ! We et the _faotstand aa it is ? _ComtniS wouldonlywcalr . _nVitafoi'c . _lH T- _'* _, ' _"' eB {
For Pne.Thine.Onfy.Have The Peop'e Te_Sf...
For pne . thine _. onfy . have the peop ' e te _ sftn I thank the . Session of 18 i 7 . The Ten _HoS V , willnow , in all . probability , become the law nf ?•! * and . _'Despite'the tricks and . the determined _T position bv which its even-stage _hasboeh attend *! ifc was finally passed bra Jaw majority in the hZ _ of Commons on'Monday _hight ,- amidst loud clW intr . The Bill may , . therefore . : be looked upon I _« virtually law . for ifc is not probable that in its p _ ssa _ f through the Lords it will encounter any serious obstruction . . There are a few crofeftettv persons in that House who may seize the occasion for fir * ** _.-, off a _politico-economical' speech or two , but we ca __ _scarcely"believe that ; the unequivocal manner in which it has been sent up to their Lordships
stamped afc every stage by the sanction of large and triumphant majorities , that they will venture either to delay or injure it . Its final enactment as '_ law will be one of the greatest events , not only of the Session , but of the century . It recognises a princiole . and embodies it also aa one ofthe laws ofthe realm , of the most momentous consequences to the _inaustridu classes . The ' _Tassez faire principle of modern political economy has by thc writers and speakers of that school been extended to men as well as _eoirone . _dities—human labour has been placed in the ' same category as its products , and the same flippant and specious axioms applied- to each : All know what the result has been : an immense increase of material wealth , and a corresponding deterioration ofthe con .
dition ofthe industrial classes , especiallv _subjeoted to tbe iron rule of the new philosophy . By the Ten Hours' Bill humanity is rescued from the false and _desradine position in which a hollow and one-sided philosophy had placed it . Man is no longer classed in the same invoice with bales of cotton , bundles of yarn , bara of iron , boxes of tea , or casks of tallowhe is not now to be talked of in the same style as a Self-acting mule , and made to run- in * competition with it . Machinery is , partially at least , put in its legitimate position : the servant , not the . master , of man . Instead of coercing the labourer into a ' raereiless and deadly race , in which bones , muscles , and sinews , were certain _f to give way before iron , wood , and steam—the ' automaton powers of society will in future be made to assume some what * of their proper
aspect , nnd in the dim visla of the future we can descry yet more enlightened applications of them , by _men-a of which they will be converted , from being the greatest curse , into ono of tho greatest blessings to mankind . All honour to those by whose exertion ' this grand result has been achieved J The sfruggl hasbeen a protracted and a severe one . Many . ° t theearlv labourers in the cause have gone to their rest without witnessing its triumph ; but Owen , and Oastler the author and most efficient advocate of the Ten -fours' Bill , are yet amongst ; us te rejoice over their well won victory , and all who have taken part in gaining ifc may well be " proud , for ifc is one achieved purely by argument , reason , and peaceable means . ' Not a stain rests upon the victors , or the weapons by which they carried the day . They have
introduce , a very different principle into our legislation frora'that which has unhappily of late guided our _law-makers . Its future and further development in laws and institutions which shall aim more at the political , moral , intellectual and physical _well-beinz of the whole community , 'than the accumulation of wealth or the multiplication of exchanges , and the ' spread of that competition whieh is merely the _eivijizea substitute forthe old forcible modes by which , in _pre-commercial times and countries , men rob each other—thia must be left to time and to those rapidly multiplying influences—soma negative , some positive—which combine to force ou the c _ -7 i . tM > - of every thinking man , that the present mode of creating and distributing wealth ia ono which must evpr generate poverty , misery , and antagonism in soeiety _.
The case of the framework knitters of this country found an able exponent in Sir Henry Walford on Wednesday . His speech , which we have given at some length , is replete with facts of the most painful deserif tion , and presents at ft glance a history of the downward course of the unhappy families dependent on this branch of trade for subsistence . We have also given the speech of the _imsrepresentive of the working people of Leicester , in order that they may judge of the reception they should give him when he next _^ makes his appearance among them . > Some portions of hia Bpecch call for comment , at a \ length hich our apace will not permit this week ; but k the question is one of that importance which will 1 justify recurrence to it upon another occasion . _SatUBDAY MOBN 1 NG . The Lords are making sad havoc with the Irish h Poor Law . It is evident thatthe Irish landlords Is
have determined upon rendering it utterly nugatory y by a series of mutilations and additions , which will , II , instead of giving the poor aright to relief , put au iu additional instrument of oppression into the hands 3 s of their class ; If the Whigs were in earnest on the ie subject , they would , upon being beaten upon Lord rd Monteagie . amendment , which makes the law tern- aporary instead of permanent , have immediately re- resigned , and thrown upon these selfish and violent mt men the responsibility of governing the country , ry . Last night they were again beaten upou an amend- idment which makes it still more of a landlord ' s 'd ' _a bill ; and , from the desperate and headstrong : _sng
hostility hitherto manifested , there is every rery appearance that the _Bentinckjdause will also be- be carried . The Ministry , however , are cravens -ens enough , we verily believe , to stand even that . They 'hey stick to place at present , notwithstanding their heir declaration , that the permanency of the Bill was was i absolutely essential to its . success . It is , perhaps , iaps _,, as well that the depraved and reckless selfishness mess i and rapacity ofthe Irish landlords , and the disgrace-race- * ful truckling aud imbecility of the Ministry , bave have been so plainly shown before a Geueral Election . _ition . , The people will kuow better how to _tteat _ o , t _ , _ ot _ , when they appear upon the hustings .
The Unworkable And Fallacious Nature Ofl...
The unworkable and fallacious nature oflaws based upon the cold-hearted theories and abstract assumptions of the political economists , was very forcibly shown by the speech of Sir George Grey , in introducing the scheme for amending the administration ofthe New Poor-Law Bill , on Monday night . Tha framers of that law drew up an awful indictment against the old law of Elizabeth , whicli was given to the poor of England in lieu ofthe substantial snare they formerly had in the tithes of the country . _According to these enlightened and truthful witnesses , the old law had completely demoralized the labouring classes of England , rendered them an indolent , spiritless , abject , beggarly race , who would at all times
rather eat the bread of idleness than earn an _independent living ., If they were suffered to continue in that state , it was predicted that a wholesale confiscation of property would take place , " and I , " said Lord Brougham , almost with tears in his eyes , ' -may become a Westmoreland pauper . " If , however , we amended the old system by the rules of the theory of political economy , all was to 20 right with us ; The Legislature listened to the voice of its advocateswe got a speck and span new piece of Poor-Law Machinery , forged in the modern manufactory , and after the"hew patent stvJe . Great were the exultations of its friends , as Eldorado , or Arcadia realizing _thefables of the golden age , was to be made out of England through its instrumentality . Everybody
by the simple expedient of being thrown on his own resources , was to become '' independent . " Rates were to disappear , pauperism to vanish , and only a few large houses here and there erected , like scarecrows ina wheat field , were to frighten by means of prison treatment and worse than prison diet , the few incorrigible idlers who might chance to resist the magic influence ofthe new scheme . Alas ! for human wisdom and __ human expectations , sadly but truly did Sir George Grey make the confession : — *! The law under that system has worked differently , from what we had been induced to expect . " . It has indeed Mt has been in every respect a complete and thorough failure . It has neither diminished pauperism nor poor , rates , while it has increased the alienation and bitterness of classes , and given birth to a brood of crimes and vices which but for it would have been unknown in the annals of human wretchedness and- wickedness .
The Government , however , are not yet convinced of the utter inapplicability of the law / for the purposes aimed at , and therefore . they essay the task of patching it up . The Cerberus of Somerset House is to be sent a drift . AH the evils ascribed to the law . are to be saddled on the triumvirate who have administered it , instead of the law itself and the principles on which it is based ; and a new administration is to be formed , which is to be _represnted in Parlialiaroent _| by its chief and secretary . The object is , that the Poor Law monster may be at once responsible to Parliament : thatthe objections to the law hitherto urged will be thereby obviated . With re respect to the first , it is undoubtedly an improvement , but that it will produce the second wc do not believe . The law itself is so radically _Ticions , that it can only be mended as Donald Bain mended his gun , » . t . with a new stock , lock , and barrel .
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Hi.C-Uanio.S, Mr Sidsoibs, Wiuche»Ier.—M...
HI . _C-UANIO . _S _, Mr _Sidsoibs , Wiuche _» ier . —Must apply to tho _lona loi . don _booksollors . We have repeatedly stated tbat _tbaat » _1 amount of business devolving npon this office rene _rei _derl it impossible to supply the _Xo * - _« r « r , * o , Wfco , f country agents and subscribers , Any London agent agei or publisher can have tba works mentioned , on applh appl tion at the office , and any country booksellers easts ei procure the books through the _Londonhousa by whoiy _wht tht business Is conducted . A Scotch M _.-BEa . oF the I , ___ Oo _*_ kt . —Ihe lath , ls . belonging tothe Company is measured by tbe Eog li ) Engl i statute acre ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 8, 1847, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_08051847/page/4/
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