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Northern Star (1837-1852), 8th August 1846, Edition 3 of 3, Page 3

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    • fottr^ i
    • A WORD FOR THOMAS GRAY,
    • (general jittmi^p^ ; 7
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      ' '""•-" ' >*-— ..-..>. . -¦ : » .„ .......

      ' ¦ J _***? ga _^ _- THE _NORTOERN . ST _. AR , 8

      Fottr^ I

      _fottr _^ i

      0 5je Chjse R. St Xauwr J0hes. " My Coun...

      0 5 JE CHJSE R . st _xauwr J 0 HES . " My countrymen ! why languish Like outcasts of the earth , And drown in tears of anguish The glory of your birth I Ye were a free-born people , And herees were' yonr race _i - - - The dead , tbey are ourfreemen _, The "firing—onr disgrace ! Ton bead beneath your fetters , Ton fear your foes to spurn : "March ! when you meet yeur "betters , 'Tis time enough , to turn ! TJndamn the tide of freedom !

      Tour hearts its godlike source , _"Tatth , honor , right , and glory , The currents of its course . And were it deatb awaits ye : On ! Beath is liberty ! Then quails tbe power , that hates ye , When freemen dare to die . He shall not be a Briton "Who dares to "be a slave ! An alien to onr conn try ! And a mockery to the brave ! Down with the cup _untasted ! Its draught is not for thee . Its generous strength were wasted Oa all . but on the free ! Turn from the altar , bondsman !

      "Nor touch a British bride ! "What ! Wonldst thon bear her blushing Por thee at thine own side ? Back frem the church door , craven ! The great dead sleep beneath , And liberty is graven On every sculptured wreath . Por whom shall lips of beauty _. And history ' s glories be ! . For whom the pledge of friendship ! For the fr _<> e ! the free ! the free ! Hampstead , July , 1846 .

      Sokgs Tor The People. So."S*Cv. The Lahu...

      SOKGS TOR THE PEOPLE . _so . "s * cv . THE LAHU AND THE _CHARTER . ( Air—Death of Wolfe . ) In a pitchy dark cave , in the regions of night Poor freedom lay cbain'd to tbe floor _. She sigh'd at her fate , and she shook with affright , And wept as she felt the _batr'd door . To the tyrants who kept ber fcdloft had been borne Her petitions to open the cell , But her prayers were rejected with laughter and scorn Anil they doom'd her there ever to dwell . She thought oa the days when our fathers were young ,

      When _sherov'd _through the meadow and grove , The delight of each eye and tbe theme of each tongue , All her charms were tiie objects oflove ; As blythe as the finch when he sings o ' er his nest , More worshipp _. d the more sbe was seen , She roved thro" the _palaee , a much _weleem'd guest , And _daue'd ou the villagers green . Sow her friends seem all dead , or struck dumb by her fate _. Her virtues , her beauties forgot : They left hw a victim to mab ' _ceimd hate , To languish and die in her lot . A few vofries were found , tbo * their nnmbt * JS wero small ,

      _Betennm'd that doom to withstand . Eesolv'd to release her , or share in her fall ,. _Andjoin'din an adamant hand . They rais'd her fair standard , they call'd en her nanse , Thej Kaiotfd her beauty and "worth , And call'd on eaeh lover to fan the young flame Till it shone on the nations of earth ; As the speU of enchanter , the magic fraught word , Rous'd millions to fill the vast plain , Betermin'd to struggle , nor put up the sword , TiU freedom the goddess shall reign . Then raise the lond shout serfs , of mis ' ry and toil , Till echo in thunder reply , Till freedom unfetter-d revisit the isle , Tour doom is to labour and die ; _Bestor'd to your rights and erected to men , By justice which aver endures . Benew yonr strong efforts again and again Till the _LiKD and tbe _Chameb are yours . Leicester . T . B . Shabt .

      A Word For Thomas Gray,

      A WORD FOR THOMAS GRAY ,

      The At-Xhob Of The Cestbal &A3xwat Syste...

      THE AT-XHOB OF THE CESTBAL & A 3 XWAT SYSTEM . By WnxuH _Hownr . From the Peop le ' s Journal . About twenty years ago Mr . Thomas Gray , then , like myself , residing in Nottingham , used to Denoted for what was considered a whimsical crotchetnaraely , that a general system of iron railways might and ought to be laid down , on which trains of carriages drawn by locomotive steam-engines should ran , and thus supersede the nse of coaches , and also in a great measure , canal-boats and stage-waggons for goods . Thk scheme , it was said , had for years completely taken possession of and absorbed Mr . Gray ' s whole mind ; thatit wasone great and

      incessant subject of bis thoughts and conversation ; tbat begin where yoa wonld , on whatever subject—the weather , the news , the political movement or event of the day—it would not be many minutes before , with Thomas Gray , you wonld be enveloped with steam , and listening to an harangue on the practicability and immense advantages to the nation , and ta every man in it , of '' A General Iron "Railway . " Of eonrse , Thomas Gray was looked On as little better than a madman , acrotchettyfellow , adreamer and builder of Spanish castles—one of the race of discoverers of the elixir of life , the philosopher's stone , and the perpetual motion . With one consent Le was voted an intolerable bore . But to Thomas

      Gray it mattered not what "they voted him , what they thought or said of him ; a General Iron "Railway for the _kingdom was his only aud enthusiastic theme . Anon , Thomas Gray and myself came in contact , and true enough he soan broke ont tenthousand strong on this railway topic . Visions _^ of railways running aU over the kingdom , conveying thousands of people and hundreds of thousands of tons at a good round trot ; coaches and _coachmen annihUatcl ; canals grown over with duck-weed , or turned iuto cow-pastures ; enormous fortunes made by good speculations ; and people coming to dine with you from the Land ' s End , and going on to tea at John O'Groatfs , were thrown out and talked of as sober realities that were to ba .

      It is wonderful -what an imperceptible change comes over our ideas as things gradually grow out of nothing into reality . At that time tbere was no such thing as a railway running its locomotive engine and train in existence _except one carrying coals from Middleton Colliery to Leeds , some two or three miles , which it performed at the rate of three miles and a-half an hour . This "was so far from being looked upon as a promise of something greater , that it was a subject of ridicule even amongst engineers . To Thomas Gray , however , it presented the idea of such possibility of extension , that his ardent mind outran public opinion , and the opinion of scientific men , and saw in it the nucleus ot one pand system extending all over this kingdom—nay

      all over the continent , and revolutionising the world . De was , therefore , to every body that camenearhim , a wild _T _* isionary enthusiast . Fur myself , I could not avoid smiling at the extravagance ofhis ideas , as thev then appeared . "But these very ideas are now in all their essential parts made matter of every-day reality , and wehave _forgotten the incredulity of the times . Where is the man who , if he were told that he once ridiculed the notion of a General Iron Railway ; that he ridiculed the man who did nothing but propose it , talk about it , write about it , petition Parliament for an examination into its practability —memorialise ministers , merchants , the Post-office authorities , the Board of Trade and Agriculture the Lord Mayor and Corporation of London—who

      scat communications to almost every newspaper , magazine , and journal in the kingdom , besides to numerous private individuals , pressing upon their attention the magnificent result of so _niagniicent a scheme : where is thc man , I say , who thus charged , ¦ would not redden at ihe charge , and feci himself insulted egregious !} ' ? Yet to tens of thousands of sa « acious mcu still living , the charge "would nevertheless be a trne one—nay , hi > w few there are of ns who could plead exception from it ? Such is the "wonderful legerdemain of habit by whicli we change with the change of _circumstinces , and quite forget the Teality of the past . Let us enter again into our former selves ; let ns imagine ourselves living without a single railway in the coantry ; let us recall the very doubts of the success of the grand experiment ef the line between Liverpool and Manchester to the last moment ; let us recollect how the very idea Q borin « through ths heart of mountains , and

      carrying sueh ponderous weights over _bojjs _, was scouted ! i and finally , recall oar astonishment as we saw , for the first time in our lives , a train come thundering and careering on its iron road . It is only by sueh an effort of memory that wc now become cognisant of the vast change which has been introduced , and which wc _hr . _ve _iSmuifcancous ' . y undergone . Thomas Gray saw all this ' ocfuTc itcxistcd : planned it , aud recommended it by every means in lm power . Repulsed by the great and learned , he was not put down ; ridiculed , he w . snotalwshed ! neglected , he _tai not daunted ; opposed , he still _persevered , lie omitted no scheme , he _spaicd no exerti-u to canvhiee ihe liritish nation rbat a ns * . v social revolution w _*» s at ham ! * that a new po vcr was about to spring _i-Jc ex _' _stcice ; that a _sisuic of wealth _inion _.-eival'le , _aa'l a field of mechanic g lory unrivalled , _vws lying at its very feet , and soliciting its acceptance . He had at this very time written a book detailing his _Timvs and hi _^ _« _rant plan , which was in its filth

      The At-Xhob Of The Cestbal &A3xwat Syste...

      ' _" " - " ' _>* - — _..-.. _> . . - ¦ : _» . „ .. „ .. J _^ ' " « _-rxtv _& v _* , -iftj ... « ditWB , and about to enter its sixth . Mr . G » y _wsented _nnVwith a copy of this work _% ferleaved ¦ and interlined for its sixth edition ; it is now lying before me . It is entitled ' _pnsKHVAnoNS os A Gbhbeal _Iboh _Ratlwat or Lasd _STEAMCbsvEYAKCK ; to supersede the necessity of Horses in all public vehicles showing ite vast superiority over the present pitiful methods of conveyance _> by turnpike roads , canals _andisoastingtraders . Containing every _sp _^ ies 0 [ Liformation relative to Railroads and _Locomotive Engines By Thomas Ghat , the Projector , Fifth _tdition ( corrected for the Sixth , ) with Haps and Plates'illustrative ol : the Plan . London ; Published _tf t _! rW , ? T _H a ? d Joy _» p aferaoster B _«* To be had of all Booksellers . 1825 . "

      Thomas Gray left Nottingham for Exeter , and I soon after left for London . Often when witnessing the rapid speed of railways at home and abroad , have I said— " Well , this realises aU the speculative plans of Gray ; " and have added- " No doubt he is well remunerated for laying before the nation this great scheme , and for so unweariedly urging on its adoption . No doubt he is now actively and lucratively employed in the superintendence of some important line . " What , then , was my astonishment the other day to lay my hand on a little pamphlet in the shop of Mr . Effingham Wilson , with this title , — " The _Rajxwat Stsiem and its Author , Thomas

      Gray , of Exeter . A Letter to Sir Robert Peel . Bart ., etc . By Thomas Wilson , Esq ., Chew De EOrdreDelAon "Neerlandais . London : Effingham Wilson . Royal Exchange , 1846 ; " with this motto—I am surprised at the care which appears to be taken by all _anthurg on railways not to mention the name of Thomas Gray , though some make rather free , with his work . At all events , none can dispute Wb originality aud undev _* _* ng perseverance iia forwarding aud bringing to public notice his favourite scheme . "We may yet see tbe day when , like Watt , hit name will be handed ahout as one great pillar of onr commercial structure . — Mechanics'Magazine , May 29 , 1830 .

      " What , then , " I exclaimed , "can . it be possible tbat Thomas Gray has been utterly neglected ? That while tens of thousands have" been " enriching _themsehraby railway speculation , and millions have been enjoying railway advantages , Gray , the projector ofall these advantages !; Gray , the railway enthusiast ; Gray , the man who , before all others , aiid from year to year , thought , wrote , laboured for the creation of this very system—who implored the influential to adopt it—who enlightened the knowing and the stilish on the extent of its wonderful capabilities—who roused the spirit of speculation—who broke up the le'hary of the publie mind—and Opened at once the floodgates of science , wealth , and social luxury ;—that Gray , the actual enricher and elevator

      tbe English name and power , has himself been passed by unnoticed ?" .- ¦ I opened the pamphlet , and read that _^ Thomas Gray was at this moment actually making a p ? cr living at Exeter by selling glass on commission ; that he has never received the slightest benefit from the expansion and establishment of the wonderful system whose glories he was the first to foresee , and the first to explain and advocate ; that he had actually solicited an employment on the Liverpool and Manchester line , which he himself had recommended the commencement of as a trial of the system , and—had been refused ! " Tell it not in Gath , publish it not in tbe streets of Askelon ! " Of

      all the _disgraceful neglects of genius , of the inventors and creators of this great country , this is per * haps the greatest . The success and the whole results of this system have been so wonderful , the opposition to it was so long and so full of ridicule ; the part whieh this man acted was so marked , so conspicuous , and mast have been so well known by the sale of six or seven editions of his work , that there is no excuse for this treatment ; and especially since ¦ £ 20 , 000 have been subscribed to testify public approbation of one man having been a fortunate speculator in the system , the position of tbe public is made so monstrous , that not a moment should be lost in endeavenring to wipe away this foul disgrace from

      our national name . Mr . Thomas Wilson has done real service to the country in publishing this" letter to Sir RobertTeel on behalf of Mr . Gray . We have had too many instances of this public fatality in neglecting its benefactors , and in forgetting those who do it honour , till it be too late . The country should _kn-. w that it ewes this great debt of justice to a most meritorious man , that it may discharge it in time . From this letter * we learn that Mr . Wilson became acquainted with Thomas Gray in _Brnssells a few

      months before the Battle of Waterloo . At that time a project for making a canal to supply Holland with coal from all the mineral districts of Belgium being entertained by the late King of the Netherlands , and being discussed by these gentlemen in the company of the late John Cockerill , proprietor and founder of the great establishment at Searing , Gray took his stand at once for a railway . Mr . Wilson quitted Brussels for three years . On his return he found Gray had removed to Etterbeck , pear that city , and was shut np in his room deep in the study of the subject of the railway system .

      Mr . Wilson advised him to go to England , and try Manchester and Liverpool , as rich and enlightened towns . He did so , and was " mocked as a visionary when he first produced hisglorious scheme _, perfect in almost all its parts as it was and stands yet , or was pitied as the dope of an ardent imagination . " Nay , the E-Jinburgh Review , the great organ of the cool and calculating Scotch , in reviewing his book , treated the whole scheme as a grand farce , and declared that , "the author was a madman , and onght to be put in Bedlam . "

      But can Mr . Gray really be the founder of the Railway system ? did he really create it ? people ask in astonisment and profound ignorance ofhis name . Thomas Gray did found the system . Thomas Gray did create ifc . Not that he was employed by an enlightened government to carry out the admirable plan he had constructed : happy would is have been for the country had we then had sucb a government . Not that he was employed either by railway companies to do the like . On the contrary , he applied to be so employed nnd was refused . But Thomas Gray had already created "The General Iron Railway System . " He laid it all down in his book , with all its peculiarities and advantages . He had struck out his great lines , and there they stand at pp . xxii and

      xxiii of his volume— " A Map of Railway for Ireland , and one for Great Britain ; " and most admirable maps they are . They comprehend that simple system of great trunk lines , with their branches , which it was the duly of this country by one ennctinent to have made legal , and then left tobe constructed by private companies . Had this been done ; fifty millions of money , besides enormous trouble to Parliament and people aU the country over , would have been saved . One great direct line runs from London to Edinburgh , taking in its way , and without a bend , Leicester , Nottingham , Leeds , ' Carlisle . Another runs to Falmouth , including Plymouth . A third to Birmingham , which there divides , one line

      running on to Holyhead , the other te Liverpool . A great cross line strikes , with little divergence from Holyhead , through Liverpool . Manchester , and Leeds , to Scarborough . A line passes from Edinburgh to Glasgow , and one froin Glasgow cuts diagonally into the great London line . One to Ports meuth , one to Dover , one to Harwich , with a divergent line from the Harwich to Norwich , and short lines to Hull and Newcastle , from the main London and Edinburgh line , leave little for future wants to dictate . The great projected lines for Ireland are equally admirable , _imagine these plates , engraved in March , 1822 , seven years before the Manchester and Liverpool line was in existence !

      At page 2 i he gives us a plan of - - A General Iron Railway ;* " and here we have slides and turntables , for the turning of carriages , and moving them from one . line to another . Thus he had supplied his system with rails , carriages , turn tables , almost everything which actual experience has now made common . His wheels are clogged and his rails notched . He seemed to doubt the adhesive principle , or would give his engines power to ascend steep inclined planes . At this moment there is an engine exhibited at the Polytechnic institution , with a cogged wheel , as an improvement for ascending inclined planes . It was used by Blenkensop in the very first locomotives which ran —those on the Midland Colliery Railway—and may be seen here sketched in Mr . Gray ' s volume . This , and some peculiarities in his turn-tables , are carious . These very turn-tables were secured by patent

      by some oi" the men who live on other people ' s ideas ; and there was actually a law suit between two parties for the mriority of the invention—Mr . Gray having invented them and published his plate of them long before . In fact , as Mr . Wilson very justly observes — " Mr . Grey was no close , mercenary schemer , who possessing a secret of vast magnitude and importance , sought to exact conditions and drive a hard bargain beforehaud . He published his secret and discovery at once , as his railway work , and respectable publishers , Messrs . Baldwin , Cradock , aad Joy , are there to testify . He opened his mini ] , and freely gave the fruits of years of incessant laborious meditation to his country at once , without chaffering or restriction . He " threw himself fearlessly and confidingly on his country , to rise or hill by its vcrdbt , as his promises and project should be realised , or otherwise . "

      The railroad system is now become the great system ofthe world's intercom * "e , enormous property is _creaied ; wonderful and delightful facilities of travel are conferred" on us ; nations are knit together ; civilisation is advanced ; international peace made unquestionably sure and permanent ; and shall the man who first organised , promulgated , and promoted this glorious system remain embarrassed and ur . rcwarded ? The * thing is impossible . The public has most justly rewarded Rowland Hill fertile lutroductiou ofthe admirable reform in the _pusiagc , a reform immensel y aided by the railway - -jstem ; the public are about to reward Cobden for hi . < exertions for the abolition of thc Corn Laws ; the _Teleuraph Society ha-: given professor Wheatstone £ 30 , 000 for his discoveries regarding the electric _telugiaiih .

      The At-Xhob Of The Cestbal &A3xwat Syste...

      . The claims of Thomas Gray * ean _^ be _^ _Wge ' d _9 rerlookied . In the M . S . additions . to Oie volume . in my possession , inserted at p . 12 ,,. when his representations had already operated strongly on the public _, and various speculations for railway lines" were in agitation , he had written—, To the companies now forming I take this opportunity Of offering myself as a __ candidate for the office of secretary . Surely ho individual can have a greater clam upon the public than the projector of the plan , hut snch is the effect of influen ce and patronage , that I am apprehensive those situations may be filled by individuals who certainl y have not an equal claim with myself . Perhaps , how . ever , some gentleman more liberal than the rest may feci disposed to assist me , and therefore I am hold to make

      known my apttlicationin this general way . This most reasonable request stands , however , again cancelled by his modesty . The pen was put through it , and no single gentleman was "liberal enough to aid him . When i he applied he was rebuffed . There is _noother such case in the whole world . But this will be amended . Many of the journals best acquainted with the subject and Thos . Gray ' s merits have zealously asserted his claims Amongst these _; are conspicuous , the "Mechanics ' Magazine , " the "Railway record , " the "British and Foreign Railway review , " the Railway Times , " the " Morning Herald , " and the most influential

      newspapers of Newcastle Manchester , Leeds , Bristol , Nottingham , and other large towns . 1 am also glad te hear that many men of high standing have no sooner become aware of the services of Mr . Gray than they have expressed their earnest desire to see justice done to him , amongst whom one of the earliest was Sir Augustus J . Foster . I hear , too , that subscriptions to a considerable amount have already been offered , and that it is proposed to organise a committee as early as possible fortius purpose of national gratitude . Leeds , as the native place of ThomasGrey , would do itself honour in taking the lead in these measures , every way so gratifying to our sense of individual merit and of national reputation and duty .

      Ireland. Ddbed*, August 3. There Has Bee...

      IRELAND . Ddbed * , August 3 . There has been a report current tor the last few days to the effect that Mr . O'Brien and the other secedera irom the old establishment on Burgh-quay are about to set up business on their own account ; and ,-with a view of patting an end to the lucrative monopoly so long enjoyed by the head of the ancient firm , are in treaty for the little Theatre in Abbeystreet , which is to be opened under the management of Messrs . O'Brien , Meagher , and Co . The new house will have for its motto , " Repeal without rent , Freedom without money . "

      ; _PHTSICAIiVEHBUS MORAL FORCE . This morning the board-room of College-street police office was crammed to excess by the friends and ! admirers of Old and Young Ireland , who were anxious to hear a charge of assault , preferred by Captain Broderick against Mr . Meagher . Captain Broderick sworn . —On Saturday last Major Talbot called upon him . Be said he called about a report of something he ( witness ) had said at Conciliation-hall , on Tuesday , and which appeared in Saunders' News-letter , He at once acknowledged the substance of the words were correct . Upon the 13 th of July he said he would not take notice of any thing Air . Meagher would say to him . When Major Talbot called upon him en Saturday last , he referred bini to his observations of the 13 th of July , with a view to show the course he should take . The witness then alluded to the uproarious scene in the Repeal

      Association on the 13 th , when Mr . Meagher cast a gross aspersion upon Mr . Clements . On that occasion he did say the conduct of Mr . Meagher was " infamous . " Some one else did speak harshly to Mr . Meagher , but he ( witness ) declared that . he claimed the honour of first insulting Mr . Meagher . According to the laws of honour , he ( witness ) considered himself released from any liability to Mr Meagher ; that , in short , he should give him no explanation or satisfaction . He had come to this conclusion after consulting with his friend . On Saturday evening last he ( witness ) was walking down Westmoreland-street , in company with a friend , and as he turned Lundy Foot's he saw Mr . Meagher and Mr . Smith . Suddenly Mr . Meagher rushed _towards himj and raised a stick , threatening to strike him , when he seized it , and friends closing on them no blow was struck . He then gave him in charge to the police , - '

      Mr . Tyndall suggested that the parties . should amicably settle their differences elsewhere . Mr . Ccbran mentioned that Mr . Meagher was bound over yesterday in the sum of £ 500 , to keep the peace to Captain Broderick and all Her Majesty ' s subjects . Mr , _TiSDAih said there was a summons issued against Captain Broderick , on a charge of intending a breach of tbe peace , and that all the objects of the parties might be attained by also calling upon him to give bail in equal amount . This suggestion was adopted and the parties left the ofiice .

      CONCILIATION HALL . There was a most numerous attendance at Conciliation Hall today _. in expectation ofthe "Liberator" after his late victory over the _seditionists of Young Ireland . He is so great a favourite with the •¦ ladies" that they seem to take delight in doing him honour on every public occasion . Their attendance was particularly showy , and then' aspect encouraging . On entering the hall , at a quarter hefore Mie , the learned Gentleman was received with deafeniHg and prolonged cheera . When at length permitted to speak , he moved the younger Daniel , the new M P . for Dundalk , to the chair . The Hon . M . P . having assumed the chair

      proceeded to pass some compliments on his Dundalk constituents for their remarkable discernment and good conduct , and ended _ky banding in a few pounds collected among his constituents . Mr . O'Conneix handed in £ 74 . from the clergy of the diocese of St . Asaph . A Letter from Bishop _O'Hi-rgins accompanied the remittance , earnestly approving of the conduct of Mr . John O'Connell at the last meeting , expressing horror , indignation , and disgust at the conduct and doctrines of the Young Ireland party , and closing with a lengthy denouncement of the Nation newspaper , as a disciple of Voltaire and Diderot , and an enemy of religion and truth . We give some extracts whicli will show the spirit of the whole , " We have . no physical force men in this diocese . Neither have we , thank God , any schoolboy philosophers , false and sanguinary repealers , or Voltairian

      newspapers . All our exertions lor the restoration of Ireland ' s independence are based upon the sacred and immutable principles of true Christian morality , and we pity the folly and abhor the wickedness ot any man who would rest his patriotism upon other grounds . Excessive vanity and Quixotic conceit may blind some men so far , as to make believe that they are almost your equals in the service of your country , and urge them , perhaps , under this pitiable delusion , to set themselves up as your rivals in leading the Irish nationality ; but they ought to know , that the clergy and faithful people of Ireland will have no other leader than their revered Liberator , and I feel thoroughly convinced if it were the will of Providence to warn you to-morrow of your near dissolution , the Irish nation would unanimously adopt as their political guide , that man alone whom you would bequeath to them as worthy of their confidence . "

      "I cannot close this hasty letter without saying a word or two about the Nation newspaper . It is in my n : ind the most dangerous publication that has ever appeared in Ireland : On the score of religion I must say , that the Nation appears to me , to my clergy , and to our flock" 8 , to tend directly to the overthrow of Catholic faith and morals . Every-one must admit that it is edited with a considerable portion of talent , and its rounded sentences and energetic style are well calculated to make fatal impressions on youthful and unreasoning minds , but it feels the embarrassment that was felt by Voltaire ,

      Diderot , Delambevt _, « fcc ., namely , it can advance no argument against our holy religion . Hence , like Voltaire also , it deals in ridicule , inuendos , and fashionable sneers . It is true it has had the bad manliness to give its feeble support to the 'infidel _collejios ' in direct opposition to the decision of the overwhelming majority of the Irish bishops and universal priesthood . It also speaks out when it blames you for * lugging in _religion' into Irish politics , still its danger does not consist iu openly dogmatising against the truth , biit in disseminating its latitudinarianisni by ridicule and inuendoes among thc unwary Catholic vouths of Ireland .

      Mr . O'Connell afterwards read a letter from Bishop Cantwell , enclosing £ 90 ., and stating that the clergy of his diocese had lately refrained from subscribing to the association entirely in consequence of the doctrines and conduct of thc Young Ireland party . Dr . Cantwell proceeds to _dcplcrc "Mr . Smith O'Brien ' s secestion , to laud the course taken by Mr , John O'Connell at the last meeting , and to promise the •¦ venerated Liberator" the support of all Ihat is good and great in Ireland , towards his moral and peaceful aims . Thc letter thus alludes to "Young Ireland !"

      " The opinions which they proclaim , and the doctrine which they teach , I believe to be dangerous . Should they venture to select any newspaper as the organ of such sentiments , the clergy aud I will deem it an imperative duty to use our best endeavorrs to prevent the circulation of articles inciting to a course wliich , we believe , would prove fatal to the temporal and eternal welfare of the flocks committed to our pastoral guidance " The Bishops and clergy of the dioceses of Ardagh and Meath have thus " pronounced" _auainsfYonug Ireland , " and in favour of " moral _' _lorce . " The Uishops and eler « y of the other diocoscs will follow these examples , and it is more than _proljuWe that , by this day week , nine-tenths of tlie Irish Repealers will have formally , and in express terms , repudiated the doctrine of physical force .

      Ireland. Ddbed*, August 3. There Has Bee...

      : _^^ _l _^ i _^ 8 ca , _wly Physical , force to lay before _ISfrfifj ? ° i . _^ e to _pics _, hewished to . submit ., Ho _S tlTJ _Wtthcfault wasnot his , but of those ™ S ,, ? l . p 08 edt _^ dootrine of moral force . He _ffi £ d _« 80 CCSsi 0 ? of Mr ' Smith _OlBrien ,, who had joined the association at a perilous time . He _nlSSif gent l _cman wa _» I «* to the cause of repeal , nZThSft ! _v ° m not _tawwwy- from the dangerous path of the Young _Irdanders . ( Hear , hear . ) If he came back , arjd piaced himself under the banner of moral force and peaceful agitation , he _wow _- c ° rdially" welcomed . But stating that he ( Mr . O Connell ) gave up not one particle . f . his nrincinle

      —that principle upon which the association was founded . He stood on the basis of the association , and laughed to scorn the young ' men who"talked so much of pooket courage . The dissensions were begun by an eloquent young roan of the Young Ireland party , who talked of treason to repeal on' account of the accession of the "Whigs to power . Some others ofthe same party followed , in a similar strain ; but they did not say who was to act treacherously to " sell repeal to the Whigs . " "Who did they mean ? Oh , nobody * They meant him ( Mr . O'Connell ) , and it was the first time in his life he was called - ' nobody . " ( _Latighter . ) The learned gentleman then went on to defend the committee ofthe association _relative to its decision as to the Dungarvan election . . If- Young

      Ireland was honest or sincere they would be glad that the government had Opened : the door of office to Repealers . He had reason to know . that . Lord Besshorough was of opinion that " , for ; a man to be a Repealer was no reason that he . should , not be appointed to office . Young Ireland proclaimed physical force and revolutionary violence . "; What was that but telling the Protestants of Ireland , the possessors of property , that it would be dangerous to joinrepeal . He therefore accused the Young Ireland party of treachery to repeal ., He did not , however , include in that charge Mr .. Smith O'Brien , -who was the soul of honour and integrity * , but he , _was- > aa liable to bo mistaken as other men . lie meant to move that it be referred to the committee to say whether there was such a connexion . between the association and the

      Nation as to render it necessary to cutoff all connexion _, or to cease to send that paper through the con » try .. In the state trials they were held responsible , for the articles in the Nation by a shameless jury and a one-sided judge ; and it was necessary that the association should not be endangered by its articles . The learned gentleman ; then went on to show the dangerous tendency of some articles in the Nation , which he pronounced to be highly seditious _. If the Attorney-General had the article he read before him they would not have been tried for a conspiracy , but for high treason , and would have been found guilty and executed . The Nation talked of assistance through Ledru Roll in , and many a surer source : but he was not aware of such , and he called

      upon Mr . Duffy to declare what those sources were . Now he ( Mr . O'Connell ) would ask , were they sate to have any _eo-mexion , however remote , with such a paper as Duffy ' s ! ( A voice— "We'll burn it . " ) No , for they would have to purchase it first ; it would be better not to have anything to do with it . ( Hear . ) This was a momentous crisis . The eyes of _England were on the Repealers , the . eyes of , Ihe clergy and laity of both countries . It may be said , that perhaps peaceful efforts alone would not procure the repeal . Well , even so . Were tbateven the fact ( which it is not ) , it would nor alter his ( Mr . O'Connell's ) system . FTe did not consider the greatest possible political good , even the repeal itself , should be purchased by the . shedding of one drop

      of blood . They had been called _Quakers , and their conduct Quakerish . He ( Mr . O'Connell ) was proud of the name—it was a name of peace . He ( Mr . O'Connell ) would refer with delight to the share wliich he had __ always taken in the peaceful agitation which emancipated so many thousand of thei slave population . __ ( Cheers . ) Was that all ? Did not peaceful agitation emancipate the Dhsenters . ( Hear _, hear . ) Then was there no other emancipation ? ( Great cheering . ) Yes , although the press—the people—popular opinion in England were against him . The Freeman , then in other hands , -opposed him ; the Mail , and the Evening Star . Yet , by patient and enduring exertion ; by the force , at last , of public opinion , emancipation was carried . ( Cheering . )

      But even lately , was he not fresh from-the discussion of the corn Jaws : where are the triumphs of your physical force men , where . are their triumphs ? Oh , they talk ofthe French revolution . There was success there to the principle of physical force ; but what success was it ? The blood of the king was shed , the blood of the clergy flowed like water , and the triumph , as it was called , was stained with the blood of innocence . He ( Mr . O'Connell ) stood there in thepresence of his God ; he stood before the clergy of his church , before the representatives of the wealth , the influence , the virtue , and the morality ofthe metropolis and he would with confidence refer to all that had beeB done for the repeal , and also to the position—the proud position—held now the Irish Cheers would call

      by Repealers . ( . ) He on them now to support that ministry which had professed so much good for Ireland . Tet , would he give un the Repeal agitatk . n ? Oh . Heaven forbid ! ( Great cheering . ) Yet he would give the ministry every support , as lone as they did good for Ireland . Yet it was a sorrowful fact that , from the present constitution of the British Parliament , it was not in a position to do any great and permanent good for Ireland . Yet the appointments made by the government certainly gave evidence of a disposition torepair , in some measure , the many evils inflicted on Ireland . If Lord J . Russell would act fairly towards tho people , they would support him . Then there was the restoration of the Repeal magistrates . When he ( Mr . O'Connell ) before addressed them he was not a J . P . —he was one then . ( Cheers . ) He would

      not be contented with promises ; he should have the good done , or his support would be withdrawn ; and was it not cruel fer those misguided young men thus to interfere at a time when so much gnod was _contemplatrd towards Ireland ? He ( Mr . O'Connell ) had no enmity to those men ; let them repent and join the ranks of their peaceful fellow-countrymen ; and let all disputes be for ever buried . He ( Mr . O'Connell ) weuld be obliged to move the resolution with regard to the Nation newspaper to which he had referred ; but he turned from that to the delightful prospect of the brilliant hopes which dawned upon the Irish people . The hon . and learned gentleman sat down amid the most enthusiastic applause . The rent will exceed £ 400 .

      The Bentinck Demonstration. A Public Din...

      THE BENTINCK DEMONSTRATION . A public dinner was given to Lord George Bentinck at King ' sLynn . b y his constituents and a large body of the agriculturalists of the county of Norfolk , on Tuesday last ; to testify tlieir approbation of the ability and zeal displayed by his Lordship in advocating their interests in opposition to the Free Trade measures ofthe late Government . The entertainment took place in a long , low-roofed and extremely narrow building , recently erected as a Market-house . The building more resembled a , corridor or passage than a dinner-hall , and was not at all adapted for the occasion , except from its capacity of seating a large number of persons . Three tables placed

      longitudinally on the same level stretched from near the middle to both extremities ; the chairman and chief guests being accomodated at two raised tables ir . the centre . The interior was tastefully decorated with a profusion of devices in flowers , evergreens , and mottoes . Nearly 800 sat down to a very good dinner . A large numberof Protectionist M . P . ' s were present , The Earl of Oxford , High-Sheriff of the town officiated as chairman ; and _siiecehes were delivered by the Chairman . Lord G . Bentinck , Mr . Serjeant Byles , the Duke of Richmond , the Marquis of Granby , Mr . D'lsraeli , and other leaders of the Country Party .

      Cheap Bread! High Wages!! And Plenty To ...

      CHEAP BREAD ! HIGH WAGES !! AND PLENTY TO DO ! 1 ! The public would imagine that the master manufacturers in Lancashire and Yorkshire must be the best judges of their own affairs , and that the success of the agitation they had kept up in the country during the last seven years , at the cost of infinite personal exertion , and not a little money , would be of sufficient importance to lead to the developement of some decided and immediate benefit , so far , at all events , asthcir own interests are concerned . _t Tlie opening of the ports for the admission of foreign corn at a nomin-il rate of duty , and _theinstant inundation of our markets with two million quarters of continental wheat , have been attended , as was predicted by Lord Ashburtoh and other experienced men , with immense injury to the holders of English grain , and without a corresponding advantage to consumers . But , that the epoch should be marked by 'n extraordinary degree , of stagnation among thc

      manufacturers themselves , will , to such as have allowed their minds to bo influenced by the delusive promises of the free-trade party , appear incredible . Yet that such is the fact is _i ' uilv attested by every respectable publication , thc business of which is to-report upon the subject of the provincial markets ; and although we are now c ' osc upon tlie termination ol the harvest ( which , this season , bids fair to be one of unparall ' . d abundance , ) a period of the year to whicli tiie manufacturers have commonly looked iorward ' with the hope of increased activity , so slowly do their orders come in that they arc _actually , as is everywhere admitcd , contemplating tho adoption of the injurious expedient of putting tlieir work people on " short time , " ami of course diminished wages . A . poor exemplification this ef the benefits which have been guaranteed to the public as those that were at once to How from a repeal of the Corn Laws , which have now become virtually extinct .

      Tni* Potatoe Maladv Iv Holland.— We Regr...

      _Tni * Potatoe _Maladv iv Holland . — We regret to find by the Nicuews _Rottcrdanische Courant , the leading paper in Rotterdam , that the abave disease lias made its appearance in various parts of tho Netherlands .

      (General Jittmi^P^ ; 7

      ( _general _jittmi _^ _p _^ ; 7

      Thb Imsu Chubch.— We Have Received The M...

      Thb Imsu Chubch . — We have received the most positive assurances from the lips of one-whom we know to be in daily communication with , and to enjoy the confidence of men in the highest departments ofthe State , that , in spite of the assurances of Lord John Russell , the terms of an arrangement are actually settled , and have received the approval of Mr . Daniel O'Connell on the one side , and of Sir R . Peel on the other , by which the establishment of the Romish priests in Ireland , mainly out of the re-, venuwof the Establishment , but partly by a new charge upon the land , is fully determined on . But the whole matter is meant to be kept a profound secret until

      the ensuing general election of 3847 shall have given the . Government a House _of-Commons prepared to support such a plan . —The Churchman ' s Monthly Review . , The _AssociATrox for Promoting Cleanliness amongst the Poor have exhausted their funds . In addition to their free baths and wash-house at Glasshouse-yard near the London Docks , they are at tlie expense of cleansing and white-washing the dwellings of the poor in that neighbourhood . Many thousand rooms , staircases ,, passages , and entrances have been cleansed and white-washed by . them since the spring , and the applications for this publication arc steadily increasing . Upwards of 90 , 000 persons were benefitted by the baths and wash-house alone in the met year of the association , ending last May . The French provincial [ papers are filled with details of incendiary fires in almost every part of the

      country , notwithstanding the strict watch of the farmers and their men . In many places the origin of thege fires cannot ha traced , nor the guilty parties detected . ; The most extraordinary circumstance is that the buildings are invariably set on fire in broad daylight / Extreme Heat . —Thc 10 th ; 11 th and 12 th of July were intensely hot , the thermometer ranging as high as 08 or 100 degrees in the States of Maryland , Pennsylvania and New York . Thirty-seven persons died in the city of New York and the suburbs , from exposure in the sun or over exertion . Out door _employmeuts had to be suspended from 11 o ' clock in the mornin _;* to four in the afternoon . ' Crops . —All over the world the crops promise abundance . In this country , our crops will be nearly double the usual amount , and it is said that wheat in the extreme west will be sold at thirty cents per bushel , and other kinds of grain in the same proportion .

      Lord George Benttxck has determined to quit the turf , and has sold the wholeof his stud . Itis to be presumed , if this be the fact , that his Lordship ' s aspirations no longer pointing to TafcteraaH ' s have turned in the direction of Downing-street . Death of the Coost de St . Leu . —A letter from Leghorn , 25 th ult ., announces the death ofthe Ex-King of Holland , father of Prince Louis : — " Count de St . Leu , Prince Louis Bonaparte , died here this day ofa fit of of apoplexy , with which he _wasattacked yesterday . From the moment of the attack he

      remained in a complete state of lethargy , and expired this morning witliout a struggle . He . was" in ' . the 68 th year of his age . The prince had been paralytie for several years , and lived a very retired life .. He had no one with him at the moment of his death but a young man whom ho had brought iip , and who nercr quitted him . Au express was immediately sent off to Florence with the news for his brother , the Prince da Montford , the Ex-King of Westphalia , aged 62 , who is the last survivor of all Napoleon ' s brothers , Thedeceased Prince has left but a very small fortune ,

      At the Pbksent Time the condition of the black population in the West Indies is highly encouraging . Many of them have purchased land , and possess the franchise ; and we have heard it stated , on good authority , that the negroes have it in contemplation _? o raise a fund with which to remunerate the services of such _members as they can return to the colonial legislature . At a Meeting _oj ? the London District Postletter Carriebs , held Friday evening , it was unanimously resolved the Postmaster-General , praying for the allowance ofa scale of wages proportioned to their responsible daily duties , and rising according to years of service , as recomm > . nded by the 18 th Report of the Commissioners of _Revetue Inquiry .

      Mr . Wildebspin . —With extreme gratification do we announce from a private source of information _, of the most authentic character , that her Majesty has granted to Mr . Wilderspin , an annuity of £ 100 . - —People ' s Journal . A deputation from the factory operatives of Lancashire and Yorkshire had an interview with Lord John Russell , on Monday , at his official residence in Downing-strect . The oyster season commenced on Tuesday morning at six o ' clock , at Billingsgate and Hungerford markets , with the promise of a more abundant supply , and of a superior quality to that of several years past .

      The late Thunder Storm . —On Saturday afternoon , during the violent thunder storm , a lad named Muskett , a lighterman ' s apprentice , was employed on a barge in the Commercial Dock , _^ Rolherhithe . De was walking along the gunwhale with a quantity of steel bars on his shoulder when the electric fluid first struck the warehouse opposite and then the lad , who was forced into the hold ofthe barge , while the steel bars fell into thc dock . Immediate assistance was rendered , but the lad was quite dead . The warehouse sustained conaidentWe damage by the lightning . The late John Langan , ' of pugilistic celebrity , who carried on the business of brewer and victualler , at Liverpool , has left behind him , for the benefit of his children , a large share ofthe good things of this life . Besides his real and leasehold estates in the county of Lancaster , the acting executors have also administered in London to £ 4 , 000 ofhis personal property .

      The Elizabeth Fky Refuge . —The subscription towirds this asylum fbr affording temporary food and shelter to destitute females on their discharge from the metropolitan gaols now amounts to near £ 5 , 600 . Amongst the subscriptions within the last few days , are their Majesties the King and Queen of Denmark £ 50 ., and an anonymous donation of £ 200 from an individual , signing A . U . 0 . Mutiny on Board a Spanish" Man op War . —The marines belonging to a Spanish sloop ef-war , thinking she carried 15 , 000 piasters in silver , mutinied while the vessel was on her way from St . Juan ,

      Porto Rico , to St . Thomas . They succeeded in making themselves masters of the crew by killing the sentry , and fastening down the hatches . 'Their next attempt was on the second in command , whom they wounded with a sabre four times in the head . The captain succeeded in rallying against them with himself , his servants , and one or two officers ; they shot three of the marines and retook possession of tbe vessel , made sail for Sc . Juan , where , on her arrival four ofthe rebels were shot , and die remainder being wounded were sent to the hospital . —Hampshire Telegraph .

      A person at Marseilles having a claim upon another , went to his house to demand payment . The debtor himself was not at home , but his wife and two sons—the eldest not more than twenty years old —received him with gross insults , and on his remonstrating with them , proceeded to assault him , and at length threw hira headlong over . the door sill . Ho was taken up in a senseless state and carried to the hospital , where he died on Thursday . The mother has been arrested , but the two sons have made thenescape . A few days ago , says a letter from Vienna of the

      24 th ult ., a young roan , having a very melancholy air , who was standing at the door of one of the churches at Tokay , drew a pistol from his pocket as a newiy-iuam ' ed coupie were leaving the church , and fired at them . As there was a heavy charge of slugs in the pistol , he wounded them both mortally . Immediately afterwards he drew forth a second pistol , and putting the barrel into his mouth drew the trigger and destroyed himself . It is not stated whether the man had any hostility against the persons whom he murdered , or whether he was insane .

      Singular Cause of Death . —On 30 th ult ., Mr . Charles Hart Cole , of Exter , died from a singular disorder , which had embittered several previous years of his life , lt appears that about eight years ago , as he was travelling in a vehicle with a friend , he arrived at a turnpike gate , and took a sixpence from his pocket to pay the toll . While drawing his outer coat close , he placed thc sixpence between his lips . At this instant his friend said something that was irresistibly laughable ; and giving way to it without thought as to his situation , the coin slipped into the orifice of the throat . Ai'ier having tried m vain to bring it up , and finding at tlie same time little inconvenience to arise from the circumstance , he did not trouble himself about it . At length , however , he

      became worse ; and after having solicited the first _surgeons in Exeter to perform an operation , he became a patient in Guy ' s Hospital , in London . His _sufferimis here continued to be acute at intervals ; but liniiing the same difficulty among thc surgeons of the hospital res pecting the operation which he desired , he returned . ' liis medical adviser recommended hira to abstain from all excitement ; to be careful as to his dress , never omitting flannel next his skin , and especially to avoid exposing himself to damp . There was still frequent cough , and symptoms that showed the ravages disease was making within . A few weeks since , however , during a very hi gh state of temperature , he neglected the precaution as to tlio flannel

      part of his dress ; and a circumstance of a popuuv ; and exciting nature occurring , he was led to exposo himself on an unfavourable evening , and got wet . This , however , was not at first heeded , and it is feared he again exposed himself to damp . The consequences were fatal . After death a surgical examitintinii of tlio body took place , when Uio coin was found lodged in the right bronchia , ihe . lung being in a complete stale of gangrene . The coin was much smoothed , the projecting parts of tlie figures and letters being greatly obliterated , and the piece bore the appearance of a farthing which had long lain in some dirty place . It is understood that the remains of the lung , with the coin , will be preserved . The other parts of the body we healthy , ,

      Thb Imsu Chubch.— We Have Received The M...

      ' ' _^ _RKTOMltffiwbN _^ O _^ t the committee ' of the _Manchester Reform Association l was held on Friday , for- the purpose of considering I the propriety bf . invltingAMr . jOobdeu to offer , himself £ as a candidate , to supply the vacancy which will be J crratedon the dissolution of the , present parliament _i by the retirement of Mr * Mark' Phillips from the re . . presentation of Manchester . It : was unanimously re- ¦ _solvedtot Mr . Cobdeu should be invited . tooffQ _* t ! himself as acandidate at the next general election .-A Good Tjse of Game . —During the season the I gamekeeper at Duff Ilouse has shot upwards of 2 , 900 I rabbits , which , by order of tiie Right Don . the Earl . of Fife , were distributed among the poor and working ; classes in Banff and its neighbourhood / c ; AcCOUCnMKNI OF TUB QUKEN OF PORTUGAL . —A let- ter from Lisbon , 23 d ultimo , states that the Queen -i of Portugal was on that day delivered of a son . lbrahim Pacha arrived in the Tagus on the same day ;; _,, and was present at the Te Deum performed in the i ¦ ¦

      Cathedral on that _becamon . " < -- _;• The reports , it appears , circulated ofthe ilmes 3 of the King of Denmark , ' . ' are utterly unfounded , and that his Majesty enjoys perfectly good health . Pobeior Cattle . —Tub lath Stokm . —Ihe _General Steam Navigation Company ' s ship , Attweod , from Rotterdam , wiih 439 sheep , 10 lambs , and 115 cowa and oxen on board , having experienced Very rough weather , _loni-ten of the oxen and cows , whicb . were landed dead , and one sheep , "Which was thrown overboard . ' _, Mr . Chandler , the grower of . the Camellia Japonica , in the Wandsworth Road , died on Sunday morning from the effects of grief at the great loss of property he sustained by the storm on the preceding day ; and on Monday , his son , a fine young , man , in partnership with his father , was found to be raving mad . It is supposed thatthe mind of the ' . unfortunate gentleman was affected by the sudden death of his father , and the circumstances attendant thereon .

      Disease among Cattle . —Throughout the entire of North Wales a distemper is raging amongst : the cattle , particularly among the milch kiue , in some places to a frightful extent , and for which , hitherto , no cure has been found , —Carnarvon Herald , . Aurora _BoREALta . —Wednesday , evening laat tho inhabitants of Devonport were surprised on -witness ing a rather unusual appearance in the firmament the appearance of the aurora borealis , or , iii common parlance , the northern lights were distinctly visible . The point at which this extraordinary phenomenon was most easily to be seen was on "Newpassage-hill , where there were hundreds of-people assembled to

      witness it ! > It appeared very vividly at intervals of about thirty seconds ,-- ' and . was encompassed with an atmosphere \ of apparently fine matter . It was a piece of amusement to hear the suppositions of the multitude . assembled . The major part declared it was nothing more nor less than lightning , but had they taken the trouble to consider for a moment , they would have found that lightning is always accompanied withthunder , and the lurid glare of the aurora borealis , was really unlike a flash of lightning . Various were the speculations indulged in ; some of the weaker portion looked upon it as a forerunner of some dreadful calamity . —Devonport Telegraph .

      Potatoe _Disbasb xn _Hampshirb aud _WxtrsHrRB , —« At Whitchurch the potatoes on every allotment be longing to the poor ( where extensive plots are planted with principally the late kinds of potatoes ) are vapidly decaying—more thah half are already so much diseased as not to be fit for food—smellingmost offensively ; some that had been boiled , though but slightly touched before cooking , were yet so nauseous , that nothing but extreme hunger could ever make a person eat the same for food . The disease is not only on the wet and low land , but also on the high , dry , and chalky soil around here—many of the tops shrivelled and decayed when the potatoes have not grown to half their lisualsize , as in other seasons . ; From other parts of Hampshire similar confirmatory reports have been received . At Stratton , the seat of Sir Thomas Baring , even the skill and experience ofthe above-named gentleman ' s gardeners had failed

      to stem the progress of this afflicting visitation . Both early andlate potatoes are there also fast decaying , first turning brown in one end , then becoming soft , and in 24 hours after being dug up , it was found that the disease had penetrated through the entire bulb . The diseasehas also made great progress on the estates of Lord Ashburton , Grange Park , and of the Earl ' of Guildford , _Alresfovd , near Winchester , Lord Falrnerston ' s , and other noblemen and gentlemen in that vicinity . In the winter approaching it is feared the greatest distress must prevail in this part of Wilts , as so many depend for their subsistence on the pt-tato crop . Last year they ( the poor ) escaped to a _consi * derable degree , having sound potatoes when others crops were all consumed or destroyed . This year the scourge has already struck their fields , and woefully may be observed , from the withered leaves and black stalks in all directions , acre after acre contaminated by the poison .

      The General Holidat ax Manchester , in commemoration ofthe passing ofthe act for the _Repeal ot the Corn-laws , took place on Monday . Business was entirely suspended ; not only the retail concerns , but the factories and warehouses remained closed during the whole of the day . Flags and banners bearing appropriate devices and mottoes were to be seen suspended from almost every house and building , whilst the crowd of persons that thronged the public streets rendered it very difficult to force a passage at even a moderate pace . The procession ofthe

      Corporations of Manchester and -Salford , the late _Anti-Corn-law . League , and other bodies , waa formed at eleven o ' clock , and dispersed , after having moved through many of the principal streets , shortly after two o ' clock the weather during a great part of the time being very unfavourable . In the evening the illumination ofthe various public buildings , and many ofthe great factories and warehouses , was on a very extensive scale . The proceedings of the day were closed by a public dinner , at which the Mayor , Mr , Kaye , presided .

      The Worlds Temperance Convention . —The Convention tor the extension of Temperance commenced its sittings on Tuesday atthe City of Loudon Literary and Scientific Institution , Aldersgate-street , at 10 o ' clock . It was convened by the National Temperance Society , arid has for its objects—to ascertain the state of the temperance cause in all parts of the globe ; to receive suggestions for the most effectual method of extending the temperance reformation ; and to effect the formation of a temperance union throughout the world . About 200 delegates from various total abstinence societies in Great Britain and elsewhere attended , and , with a number of visitors , entirely filled the little theatre of the institution . On the proposition of Dr . Beecher , of America , seconded by Mr . E . Smith , of Sheffield , Mr . S . Bowly , of Gloucester , was called to the chair .

      Irish Pbov 2 sioss . — The supplies of provisions from Ireland continue to be of the same extensive and important character as have been before particularly adverted to , but we can only allude in a succinct manner to the latest and most prominent which have taken place . The arrivals at the port of Liverpool from the Irish ports during the past week , comprised large quantities of wheat , flour , oats , oatmeal , barley , malt , whiskey , hams , lard , linens and cottons , seed , pork , bacon , general provisions , and other articles . In the same period of time 878 large baskets of sal , mon , 8 , 855 packages of butter , 3 , 781 hampers of bacon , C 06 baskets and boxes of eggs , 1 , 104 b & _xes of lard , 120 packages and 20 tons " weight of oatmeal , 102 packages of pork , have been imported into the port of London from the same quarter , besides very numerous packages of hams , malt , porter , paper , soap , and other articles , the productions of the sister country .

      The Late B . R . Hatdon . —At a general meeting of the committee for promoting the subscription to make a permanent provision for the widow and daughter of the above unfortunate artist at the Thatched Ilouse Tavern , St . James ' _s-street , the Secretary read the minutes of the previous meetings , from which it appeared that since the first meeting hold at the chambers of Mr . Sergeant Talfourd . on the 30 th of June , about £ 1 , 400 had been subscribed . The fund now amounted to nearly £ 1 , 700 from which onlv a small reduction wouldhave to be made . Steps had been taken to forward the subscription in the various provincial towns , and letters had been received from Liverpool stating that a subscription was in progress in that town , under the avspices o £ an eminent member of the Stock Exchange , who had succeeded in collecting a considerable sum for the familv of thelate Mr . Thomas Hood , the poet .

      Tub Nassau Baiaoov . —On Monday night , in the * ' Royal Nassau" Balloon , Mr . C . Green made his 310 th ariel _voyage . The machine also carried up in fhe car and in tlie hoop Mr . Ellis , Mr . E Laudells , the artist , Mr . Van Buren , and several other gentlemen _. It then proceeded into Essex , and about halfpast eight descended in a field at Walthamstow , The Oystbb Season . —Tuesday was the opening of the oyster season . The supply appearrd plentiful , though thc demand was not supplied without some danger to the retailer .

      Baths and _Wasrhooses in the North Westers DlSTHiCTS _, — The baths and wash-houses recently erected for the use of the labouring classes in the North Western Districts of the metropolis , were on Monday opened to the public , and the following is a return of the number of pevsons who availed themselves of the advantages : —Cold baths , 27 * . of which number 2111 were males aud 13 females ; warm baths , 140 , of which 130 were males and 10 females . In the course of tlio day several females availed themselves of the advantages which the establishment affords in the washing and ironing departments . On Tuesday the baths were open as early as live n ' , _00 ,. ' .- _ni . il _Imfm-fi _einbt thev wore used by _upwuvus

      of 100 person ? . The whole of the steam apparatus and other machinery connected with the baths ai a drYinir and washing department worked _c f _^ \ l well , and those who availed themselves ol » _* - « vantages of the institution _appwrad _» " _* _^ ' _' _-V _jgJ » Uh _toolte parts of the institution ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 8, 1846, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_08081846/page/3/