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Northern Star (1837-1852), 8th December 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 1, TO THE EDITOR OF THE DAILY NEWS. Sib,—As...

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    • 10 ^^ocmed laUBU OF IHE LAND COMPANY
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      10 ^^Ocmed Laubu Of Ihe Land Company

      10 _^^ _ocmed laUBU OF IHE LAND _COMPANY

      I I * Q * !

      My Friends , On Friday, The 30th Of Nove...

      My Friends , On Friday , the 30 th of November _, a letter appeared in the Dail y News , _^ _ff _fc _£ eS _ttea _QotteesatLostands , and ° on M _^ yl jo * a reply ; _potter article , npon the Laul ¦ Sot * ThUrsda _^ _^ _*» iim be found Itis _notmy intention to occupy your time in _aefendmg my own conduct , as it needs no de-Knee it may , perhaps , deserve no slight censure for having made so bad an estimate of the character and the gratitude of those , to _eievatevhomlnavft _RTu * nt . flin „ c , _>« , i = _nr _^ _nj _.

      and nearl y every fc gm ; of my time , for three yeare . Again , I ask * " jou to reflect , calmly and _dispassionatel y , upon fte intolerable rascality of many who have received 501 . in hard cash , four wares of land _cuifirated , highly manured , and for the most part cropped , a splendid cottage , with a pump in every back kitchen , a walled-in yard , firing for over six months placed in the yard , seed wheat , allotment enclosed with French farzse hedge , a double row of apple trees planted at each side ofthe wad , three years crops all purchased for them , and paid for by the widow's saving and thepoorinan ? _sharteanimg--andthink of those rascalsnothaving paid one single fraction , and

      aenouncea me for asking them to repay % 10 s ., while observe , that the very interest of the 50 / at five per cent , for two years , and it is more , would have amounted to 51 . But , my friends , always bear in mind , that THE MAN WHO TRULY SERVES THE PEOPLE WILL BE REVILED BY THOSE WHO LIVE UPON THE PEOPLE ; and can yoa withhold your laughter when you read the delicious morsel extracted from the Daily Netosof Thursday last ?

      Only just think ofthe holders of _( heseallofanents having paid a portion of the purchase in tbe first instance , then gained possession in preference to a very lage number of disappointed _subscribers , by a toss-up ; then entered upon the land without any idea of any rent to be paid , never entered into any agreement , bnt considered the property THEIR OWN , it is notto be wondered at that the parties should now resist a demand for which they are from circumstances totally unprovided for . Now , reader , if Baron _Munchausen was

      paid for it , could he supply a more gorgeous string of lies ? Just think of the holders , all of whom received aid money , "having paid a portion of the purchase : " just think of the located members—poor things—presuming that they were to pay no rent ; but to get four acres of land , a cottage , aid money , roads made and fences levelled , out and out , for 51 . 6 s .: and think of the horror of the land

      being mortgaged ; while one of the great difficulties urged against the Company by the Hatter— -the Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee—was , that IE would be "difficult TO MORTGAGE IT : and just think of every locality sending resolutions to every Conference , approving of mortgage rather than sale : and farther , think that the conditions upon which those UNFORTUNATE DUPES became

      members of the Land Company were , that they should pay six and a quarter per cent rent npon the first 1001 . expended , and five per cent , upon the remainder of the capital , which would have raised the rent of four acres at Lowbands to nearly 201 . a year . Now , what do you think of those starving , famishing , juggled dupes ? and how many of them have died of the awful pestilence , while thousands of their order have been swept off the face of the earth ? My friends , you can very well judge of the difficulties against which one who attempts to serve yonr order must struggle . I might have catered for a little popularity b y the injustice nf _saerincmw thousands to tiie more fortunate

      "hundreds , hut I preferred an honest name and a clear conscience ; and , therefore , after deep deliberation , and consultation with the ablest professional men , I have come to the knowledge that , under the County Courts Act , every defaulter can be sued and summarily ejected for any sum under 207 ., and Mr . _Kobebxs is now preparing tbe machinery to p lace ihe several defaulters in the tender keeping of some local attorney in each district ; and you may rely upon it , that neither the

      villany of the occupants , the denunciation ofthe Press , nor tiie law ' s terror , shall intimidate me from discharging my duty to those who p laced confidence in me . I am determined and resolved to carry on this Land Plan , " come weal , come woe , " and if I was ever before inspired with confidence in its success , the exuberant hope held out by Cobden and _Scholefield , in the following passage , extracted from the programme of

      "FREEDOM FOR THE MILLIONS , " would urge me on . Those practical ag riculturists assure us , that it is « XOW _ASCERTAINED FROM PRACTICAL " EXPERIENCE , THAT A MAN CAN SUI _> - TORT HIMSELF , _TOFE , AND TAMIL ! « UPON TWO ACRES OF LAND . " Now then , working men , what do you think of the newspapers that receive pay for

      publishing tiie above—one and all , without an exception , denouncing the man who attempts to make the people live , and comfortably , upon two , three , or four acres of land , with a good cottage built , Aid Money given , and no rent demanded from some for five half years —and from all for three half years—and having spent nearly seven thousand pounds of his own money , and three years of his time , _ta carrying out the project 1

      However , I am g lad to find that those whose money has gone to locate Air . Beattie and others , are determined not to be juggled—m proof of which I give the following resolution , passed in the Westminster Locality on Tuesday evening , and scoresof other such have heen _forwarded to the Land Office : — w _^™« TrjL _ At a meeting of land members odd on _CSrBa . _^ the Two Chairmen , _H _^* _-k « _£ 2 g £ _* _SS resolution , which was ruanbim _fjB _^ _m _^ o _^ nor ! _TO _« . f 5 _n _^ fi _" lIT _aranwes of the intentions of Sir . O _«« raor _.

      as stated inlan week ' s Star , ™! j _^ _ZS iDrefnse to pay their rent , and we recommend that sum intentions be effectually carried out , this being the only course Mr . O'Connor would be justified in pursuing . Now , my friends , I have to request that vou wiU read the letter of Mr . How at foot , taken from the B _* _fyXe * s <* _l ° _^ 30 th mv reply , the article , taken from the SaUyNeJot the Gth of December - and rest assured , that neither threat nor intimidation shall prevent me from doing prompt

      and even-handed justice to all parties _concerned in the Land Plan . And now I repeat -what I have before stated , that I would rather pay the stipulated rent for four acres of land _Spon any of the Estates , than sit behind a counter from ten o ' clock till four o ' clock , and _Sv _? a hundred a year ; and thei Press ; may rest assured , that this denunciation of the 2 nd _Comly _^ _* £ _^^&* _f NATIONAL

      Son Tat LAND IS _S pSt Y and that if four acres will not Pltin _rjixi i , « _"" _*¦** « . The evil men do do theymnst have ten . _,. ine c _™ " _* . , » V" \ _Sk _tfcom _ the good lives after them , die ] _TirS 7 _tMee g hundred Cottages and

      Mowing extract : — _grthe _- news _. and _^ _atedtlwthe _^^ _^ haring the Zt « ne _^»*\ _5 _^?! EnviCEJ He sent a copy ofthe _£ rh _5 crr _» _ESSATmsSfc' _« _£ _^ _^ t a slop to _? 5 _"S _f to'the *« " _<>«> a" ] d f _FedJe not do so after the _$ g ££ & _e « £ K * £ g . * ne Committee were Irish peop le lw « re- _«* 3

      My Friends , On Friday, The 30th Of Nove...

      engaged the best part ofthe night in copying the report to send to the various localities . You can well conceive from what I have _bvittfly stated of last night ' s proceedings , tho bitterness and malignity of the fellows with O'Brien at their head . He is a most infamous fellow , aad must be settled at once . To the above , I have onl y to rep ly , that it was against my consent that _O'Bkiex was appointed schoolmaster ; that I hold his promissory note for 30 / , and he shall not go scot free : and I also beg to inform those whose notes I hold to the amount of 'TOO ? ., varying from 10 / . to 201 . each , that if the rent due—or

      rather the small Tent asked for , namely , a halfyear ' s rent—is not paid forthwith , payment for those notes will be sued for ; and to such a demand , I think , even the Oxfordshire magistrates , if they had power , could offer no objection ; whereas , to prove to demonstration that I do not wish to press the occupants , I will give those who pay their rent further time to pay an amount which might oppress them . Those notes are now in Mr . Roberts' hands , and , therefore , the responsible parties can expect no lenity beyond what I have kindly offered . p . O'C .

      " Onward And We Conquer, Backward And We...

      " Onward and we conquer , Backward and we fall .

      THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER , AND NO SURRENDER . "

      To The Chartists. M Y Fbiends, . We Tave...

      TO THE CHARTISTS . M y Fbiends , . We tave had a long calm , but Chartism must not remain brewing while all other " isms " are belching forth their puffs . On Monday next a Conference of Metropolitan Delegates -will assemble in London , to lay down the course to be adopted by your order . And I hare no doubt—from the men selected —that it will be a wise and prudent course ; and mark , that at no period of England ' s history were so many delusions attempted to be practised to gain the co-operation of your order , aa at the present moment .

      You have Whigs in office , hoping to preserve their power by nibbles at Woods and Forests , Ecclesiastical Reforms , which will serve you nothing . Protectionists , basing their hope upon a General Election . Freehold Land Societies , hoping to base their power over labour upon clap-trap . Shop keepers , headed by Parliamentary

      Reformers , acting upon honest princip les , and who cannot now be juggled by mere moneylords ; and you may rely upon it , that out of such a conglomeration of dissenting parties good must come to your order , if you are onl y united amongst yourselves ; but if you are disunited , thcProtectionists will gain the upper hand , and your lords and masters will urge you on to p h ysical revolution , as the only means of securing their own ascendancy .

      It has taken me a whole week to analyse the present House of Commons , and now I ask you to read but a mere outline , and say what you think of it . Next week I will give it you in detail , in a table , that every man must preserve ; aud you will learn what amount of justice you are to expect from a House so constituted . Population . —Members . Middlesex .............. — 1 _. 5 T _6 _. 616 ... -2 West Riding ( Yorkshire ) 1 , 154 , 924 ... 2 .

      South Lancashire 855 , 648 ... 2 North Lancashire 811 , 416 ... 2 Cork County 773 , 394 ... 2 East Surrey 467 , 742 ... 2 Tipperary 435 , 553 ... 2 Lanark 426 , 972 ... 1 Galway 422 , 923 ... 2 Tower Hamlets 419 , 736 ... 2 Mayo County 388 , 887 ... 2 South Devon 342 , 968 ... 2 Population , 8 , 076 , 779 ; represented by twenty

      three members . Look on that picture , and on this . : — Bridgnorth 1 , 931 ... 2 Dungarvan 1 , 853 ... 1 Harwich 3 , 730 ... 2 Honiton « . 3 , 773 ... 2 Andover 4 , 997 ... 2 Evesham 4 , 245 ... 2 Marlborough 4 , 139 ... 2 Thetford 3 , 844 ... 2 Totness 4 , 240 ... 2 Osford University 3 , 800 ... 2 Dublin ditto 1 , 721 ... 2 Cambridge University . 3 , 300 ... 2 Leominster 4 , 846 ... 2 Population 4 . 6 , 424 , represented by twenty-five Members .

      "Nfow then , Englishmen , let me ask you in sober seriousness , what you think ofthe voices of

      EIGHT MILLION , SEVENTY - SIX THOUSAND , SEVEN HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-NINE persons , gaining knowledge every day , beingswamped by the voices of FORTY-SIXTHOUSAND , _£ OUR HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOUR persons . It would be impossible to bribe , or use bribery , with success in the counties that I have mentioned , while the constituencies of those who outnumber their votes by two , are every one bribed , and the representatives , for the most part , arehigh Conservatives , patrons of livings , lord lieutenants , or lickspittle Whigs .

      Now , what say you , enlightened Englishmen , to such an anomal y as four thousand of a population less than Stockport , the tenth part ofthe population of the Tower Hamlets , and little more than the fortieth part of the population of Middlesex , out-voting in the House of Commons more than half the popu lation of all England and Wales , and more than the whole population of Ireland ? Can the mind of man suggest a greater anomaly , or can any nation in the world believe , that the well instructed English people will much longer submit to it ? Just think for a moment of the votes ofthe

      members ofthe tliree Universities , the members for Bridgnorth and the members for Honiton , representing about fourteen thousand of a population , neutralising the votes of Middlesex , West Hiding of Yorkshire , North and South Lancashire , and the county of Cork , with a population of five million , one hundred and seventy-one thousand , nine hundred and ninety-eight ! And see the political character of the representatives of those places as taken from the Parliamentary Guide . T . C . Whitmoke , M . P . for Bridgnorth , is patron of six livings and a Conservative , and has sat for the borough since the Reform Bill . Sir R . Pigot , Bart ., is the other M . P . for Bridgnorth , is Deputy-Lieutenant of Staffordshire , and a high Conservative , and has sat for the borough since the Reform Bill .

      J . Locke is member for Honiton , is Lord ofthe Manor of _Homton , and is set down as a Liberal—but the Lord deliver me from such Liberals . Sir J . W . Hogg is the other member for Honiton , is an East India Director , and a high Conservative . Sir R . 11 . _Ixglis , Bart ., indescribable bigot , is one member tor Oxford University . W . _Gladstone , Puseyite and Tory , is the other . The Hon . C . E . Law is member for Cambridge University , a high Conservative , and Recorder of Loudon . " Right Hon . H . Govleurx is the other member , high Tory , once Chancellor of the Exchequer , and a member ofthe Peel Cabinet .

      To The Chartists. M Y Fbiends, . We Tave...

      OvA . Hamilton , memher'for the _TJniversity ; ; of Dublin , a rabid Tory . iJosEPH Napiek , ditto , ditto . Now , then , what do you say to the votes of thoie ten gentlemen neutralising the votes of those representing five million , one hundred and" seventy-ono thousand , nine hundred and _ninety-ei ght of a population , ? . I . really feel ashamed of myself at being thus compelled to _remirtd you of yourapath y and your , _indjfflterence _^ . But mark the result that -fclMs to . Mr . Miles , M . P _., at a . _meeting of the Clevedon Agricultural Association " - held ofl

      "Wed-, nesday last , 8 _pefl _|^ at Mows ;—It was only tbirT ' otner day f ' was down in a part of this county which , adjoins Devonshire and Derbyshire , in _conversatroh" with a very intelligent fanner , of that nei ghbourhood -mid ho told me there had been a _meeting-. of farmers of that neighbourdood embracing three counties , and they determined ( this was in October ) to reduce the-wages to 6 s . a week . Now , I will ask any manin this room how it is possible a man , his wift _, trad four chudren can live on such a pittance ? How he COULD ViX HIS WAT , PAY HIS BENT , AND NOT Off END THE LAWS OF HI 8 COONTRr ? .

      From the above you will learn that even the Protectionists are beginning to adopt my views ' ; * as I have stated , over and over again , that _^ Ffee Trade , if not accompanied hy prudeh ' rl ' " aud timely concessions , would lead to cro _^ _edjbastiles , crowded gaols , national _dissat _^ aotionj and legitimate crime committed by the father , to preserve thc lives of his wife and children ; and I would add to the appeal of Miv Miles , how can manufacturers , shopkeepers , and tradespeop le suppose that such paupers will be good customers for their wares ? and I would further ask the landlords and farmers , if they are not likely to be better customers for poor rates ?

      I hope and trust that the delegates elected to represent you in the Conference to be held next week , will take present circumstances and coming events into their serions consideration , and that you will learn from a report of their proceedings next week , that they have gained knowledge from the past , and are armed for the future . The Irish people will now co-operate most heartil y with their English brethren ; and you may rest assured that , however you and they may bo misrepresented in , or sought to be juggled by , tbe various tickles of the present House of Commons—that both the people and the jugglers will very shortly discover , that "WHAT IS TO BE DONE

      FOR THE PEOPLE MUST BE DONE BY THE PEOPLE . After Christmas I will , commence my tour , and be ready to meet both FRIEND and FOE ; and I will make use of the intervening time to instruct myself upon all matters connected with your order , so that I may simply , graphically , and understandably define the LABOUR QUESTION , adopting the CHARTER THROUGH

      UNION AS THE MEANS , AND THE LAND THROUGH CO-OPERATION AS THE END . Your Faithful Friend and Representative , _Feaucjus O'Connor .

      ' N^S^Wliat Aii W Owble Man Would " Not ...

      ' " _" r _&& _± _4 _&~ _^ _P « ~ _— '¦*" - '¦ ¦ ¦ ' > ' _'" ' _^ J _ffi _+ L _^ _£ _^ j _^ i _^^ f _? r _^ J ¦ tf * _ipf _* _Att _^&«^ - ¦ t .,. rr _^ S _^[\ r ; . : ; ' \;\ . .,.. . _-, - y ? j v lk ' ' ¦ ' ¦ ' _;* ¦ ' ' _"i _^ _i _^ i _^ V' _* , ' _- / 'jjL __^ _^ _gif _¦' . ' _ - ¦ _ • _ _^ _A _^ W & \ t Ml _^ t _^^/ _% _^ 4 _^ • ¦ ' _^^ S 8 ttWe _^ % _A "*¦ ¦ _tOtdnfiU _^/ \

      And National Trades' Jqurnm , R ~ ^P« — ...

      AND NATIONAL TRADES' JQURnM _,

      M. M. P. 633. . Lom01isatllbday,Jecjj^Er...

      M _. _M . P . 633 . . lOM 01 _iSATllBDAY , jECjj _^ ER 8 , f 84 i > _. ' ¦ * . ~ _» _a"ffjg _^ , _;! , '

      Tns O'Conxor Land Scheme. — The Gatethea...

      _Tns O'CoNXor Land Scheme . — The Gatetheai Observer publishes the following letter , dated 'Lowbands , Redmarley , near Ledbury , Worcestershire , November 21 st , 1849 , ' written ' on behalf of the occupants ofthe Lowbauds estate , ' by * Jlr . W . A . How , formerly a resident in _Sunderlandf 'Wetookpo « seisk ( nof « urheld _^ tBS on the l Gth of August , 1847 , considering before we came there that the land was good , that each allotment was well drained and cropped . Soon did we discover that only a few were good land , while none were well-drained , m & nured or cropped . These , and the high rate of provisions at that period , debarred us from applyidg our aid money as we would , had we had before us on the land what was so often promised , and which we had anticipated ; consequently , when cropping time came , each who had not means exclusive of what was doled out by the Company had not wherewith to pursue operations . A loan of £ 5 per acre was granted , but few got it in proper time to enable them to crop their land . This ,

      and our inexperience , combined to leave us in 1848 scanty crops . Then came the potato blight , which drove many good men from us . Those who remained had to drag out a miserable existence , often wanting the common necessaries of life . _Jfo pen can pourtray the sufferings we endured up to the harvest of 1849 ; since which , itis true , our conditions are much improved , and every appearance of success crowning our endeavours ; when F . O'Connor , Esq ., M . P ., comes forward , through his agents and servants , and demandsonehalf-year ' srent , attheeiorbitantrateof _^ _lSfor four acres , . £ 13 for three acres , and _jfll for two acres . As we were Hot able to pay , he actually laid distresses on some of our premises for two and a half year ' s rent ; that is £ 3710 s . for four acres ; and one has been laid for that sum on two acres ; thongh last Christmas be publicly pledged himself , through the columns of the Xorttem Star , to pay for the occupants on this estate one year ' s rent each , which was a _cood Christmas-box . One of those on whom a distress is now laid , Thomas Lee , has expended on his own

      allotment £ 138 of his own hard earnings , exclusive of tbe money allowed by the Company withal . He fears not of succeeding , ctuld he but obtain time . Indeed we hare no desire to defraud the members of the Land Company of one penny , provided due time beallowed and a fair rental established ; but we do earnestly hope that the" public TOice will be raised in our behalf , thereby preventing tlie crying injustice of enticing a body of men from their usualavocations , and after two and a half years' of suffering , send send them adrift on the world , many with large and helpless families . Some of us have paid over £ _81 for right of location alone . Repeatedly have we entreated Mr . O'Connor to come amongst us and arrange matters . Even a most respectful letter was addressed to him by the females on the estate , _soliciting his presence—without avail . Often have we been vilified—represented as idle , lazy , dissipated _, srumblingfellows . If so , it is rather curious for aU being so , inasmuch as that no one here has yet succeeded . Some of ns are are teetotallers of twelve and sixteen years' _standing—W . A . How . Chairman . '

      To The Editor Of The Daily News. Sib,—As...

      TO THE EDITOR OF THE DAILY NEWS . Sib , —As " A plain tale is best being p lainl y told , " may I request insertion of an answer to the letter of "Mr . * V 7 . A . How , of Sunderland , now located on tbe Lowbands Estate , and which appeared in the Daily News of Friday last . The allottees took possession of their allotments on the 16 th of August , 1 S 47 . Every allotment was highly cultivated , and for the most part cropped A portion that required draining was drained , and tiles given gratis to those who wished to drain more , while the land required bnt little draining . There was more manure put out upon the farm in that year than had heen put out within the previous twenty years , and ofthe very best description - . Astothevalueof the land , the quantity is 160 acres . I paid £ 8 , 100 for it , which is something more than £ 30 an acre , and a competitor , who knew the value ofthe land , bid £ 8 , 080 . The rent pawl by the previous occupant waa , I think , £ 360 a

      year . The terms upon which occupants hold are four per cent , upon the outlay ; and see what that would amount to according to expenditure . Four acres of land , at £ 50 an acre ... £ 200 Cottage , with outbuildings , inclosed yard , with erery necessary accommodation for a family , and path from high road toeach cottage , about 130 Expense of cultivation , £ 2 10 b . an acre ... 10 Aid money 30 Total , ( not including grubbing and leveling old fences , makingseveral miles of road , leveling banks , filling up immense p its _* making miles of oak fencing , building strong- piers and putting up strong gates , a several leading en- ——trances from the high road . ) £ 370

      2 " ow , sir , if you take the interest upon the amount actually expended upon each allotment , at four per cent ., you will find , without _including legal expenses of conveyance , that the rent would amount to nearly £ 15 a year , while I named that sum , not for the good and bad land , but as the average rent upon the estate , stating , at thc same time , that the amount fixed in each lease would be according to the estimated value of each allotment . Mr . How says , that £ 5 per acre , or £ 20 to four acres loan money , was granted when it could have been of no use . Now , sir , mark my reply . In August they took possession ; in _November I granted them a further loan of £ 20 , and I sent them the best seed wheat from Oxfordshire , having prepared the ground for wheat . Add to these advantages , each man had as much

      firing placed at his door as would last for more than six months . In thefollowingspring , I sowed over sixteen miles of French fune , dividing each allotment , and I also planted about eight miles of the best apple trees , two rows at each side ofthe roads I had made , and the occupants not entitled to , and not expecting , such a boon . I should have stated , that in addition to the quantities of stable manure put out , I divided eleven tons ( £ 100 worth ) of guano amongst the occupants . Ill ' - How says , that I put in a distress for two-and a-half years ' rent ; I did nosuch thing ; Iput in a distress ior one half year s rent , while five half years were due ; and unless he presumes that my " Christmas box" should be annual , he must be perfectly aware that my " Christmas box" was for 1848 , when I did pay the rent and more , out of my own pocket . ...

      As to the £ S 0 bonus _jjiren by purchasers who were not located by ballot , in such cases the vendors , who were bound to return thc aid money and the rent , in a majority of cases robbed the Company and returned nothing . From Mr . How ' s letter the reader would infer chat the four acre occupants had received no more than £ 20 or £ 5 per acre capital to commence with , whereas thev received £ 30 aid money and £ 20 loan money , making £ 50 . And now , mark their position . Thev were located on the 16 th of August , 184 /; within three months they received £ 50 in cash , seed , wheat , as much guano as they could use , an abundance of firing , in the three succeeding months every allotment was fenced with a French furze hedge , eirfit miles of apple trees were planted ; they have had " three Years' crops , and they have paid not a farthing of rent , and have only been asked for a half year ' s rent .

      In July ISiS the Parliamentary Committee reported that the _Coicpany owed me £ 3 , 400 . In _Julv 1849 a Financial Committee of seven , appointed by the Conference from the different districts in England and Wales , and after an investigation of six hours , reported that the Company owed me an additional £ 1 , 200 , making £ 4 , 000 , and not a single item for monies for my own expenses , which were enormous . This account was also submitted to Mr . Grey , the accountant appointed by the Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee .

      yow , sir , who has the desire to defraud ? and if any other person was the sufferer , on whose behalf would the public voice be raised ? A majority of the most fortunate members have not only plundered mc , but , by making a poor mouth , they arc endeavouring to plunder those by whose savings they have been located . I should state that the additional £ 20 loan money was lent upon promissory notes , passed by the allottee and two sureties . That thev have heen due more than a year , and that not one _' hasbeen paid—yes , I believe , one has—and that I have not sued any of the parties .

      To The Editor Of The Daily News. Sib,—As...

      _« ow , sir , trusting that you will give insertion t o my brief and irrefutable explanation , I am , your obedient servant , Feargus O-CoksoR .

      Tne O'Connor Cotosr, Minster Lovel.—A Ca...

      TnE O'Connor Cotosr , Minster Lovel . —A case of as-Baultwas heard Deforethe bench of magistrates _n _\ then last sitting at Witney , arising out of tlie distraints for rent alleged to _1-e due from the residents of these 'little paradises . ' The parties distrained on resisted , andvOne ofthe bailiffs employed produced a pistol , which caused a sensation amongst a large Body of the colonists , who expelled the _injtaiduiguMtiefcfcfi _' _tisc estate \> y neat of drum into tiie adjoining turnpike road . Thetench dismissed the case , because the complaining . parties , the colonists , had used more violence than was necessary under the circumstances ; tlie magistrates _expressing an opinion , from what had come out in evidence as to the illegality of distraining at aU forrent 6 at tins place . This is , ' probably only the commencement ofa train of events likely to take

      place regarding the aftairs of the National land Company . The grand schemer , or as he calls himself , the ' people ' s bailiff , ' has peremptorily called upon all the occupiers for payment of tlie rent , or in default ejectment will take place . It cannot be surprising that the holders of these allotments , having paid a portion of the purchase in the first instance , then gained possession in preference to a very largenumber of disappointed subscribers by a toss up , then entered upon the land without any idea of any rent to be paid , never entered into any agreement , but considered the property their own , it is notto be wondered at that the _partiss should now resist a demand for which they are , from circumstances , totally unprovided for . This property , it appears , was never wholly paid for at the time of purchase , a large amount being left secured by » mortgage to the Tenders . It is a question if the allottees " mow of this . —Oxford Chronicle ; ¦

      To The Irish People. (From The Irishman ...

      TO THE IRISH PEOPLE . ( From the Irishman of Dec , 1 st . ) " United we stand—Diviaed _, we fall !" " It is as much the duty of a people to seool against a corrupt House of Commons as againsta tyrannical prince . " Lord BolingbBOKE , —( High Tory . )

      Pkiends asd Countrymen , — Having obtained permission to address you through the _IrMwian , a sincere and truly democratic paper , it is my intention to write you a series of-letters upon the state of your country and the means for ensuring its regeneration : and as the sufferings of the Irish people have ever been based upon the folly , the contention , or self-interest of those who undertook to guide the Irish mind , and as the first and chief object to be attained must be a thorough union of the Irish people , I shall bury the past in oblivion , as I should hold myself to be unworthy the name of Irishman , if that national union , from which alone you can expect redress , was injured or impeded by my vanity , or indiscretion .

      Irishmen , the mind of a country seeking to elevate itself must go through three stages . It must be created , it must be organised , and it must be judiciously directed , - and I mourn to think the mind of Ireland has not passed throug h anyone of these stages . A continuous war has been kept up between the English and the Irish people while it is an indisputable fact that the Eng lish peop le are equally oppressed by class legislation with ourselvess ; and although tbe English mind has been directed to the destruction of that system of class legislation which equally oppresses the people of both countries , and though I have been mainl y instrumental in creating , organising , and directing that mind , yet have you been kept in utter ignorance of its intention and power .

      Celt and Saxon have been p laced in dire antagonism , while their interests aro one and indivisible , and their rights can only be achieved by their union and co-operation . Eng lish Chartism has been denounced , vilified , and reviled by the English and the Irish press ; it has been stigmatised as a physical force doctrine . Its leaders have been prosecuted and persecuted with the utmost vengeance of the law ; five hundred incarcerated at one aud the same

      time—incarceration secured by legal quibbles , partisan juries , hired spies and informers Por these sufferers you had no sympathy ; but , on the contrary , you were taug ht to look upon them as " destructives" and "devils ; " while , upon the other hand , the portraits of the Irish patriots—Mitchel , O'Brien , and Meagheradorn Chartist houses , and their names are cherished by the English people , not as rebels , but as patriots . Countrymen , far be it from me to repudiate any doctrine that I may have propounded ; and , had I ever advocated physical force , no dread of the dungeon , the transport , or the gibbet , should induce

      me to retract its advocacy . Although I havo been denounced as a physical force Chartist , let me assure you , my countrymen , before whom , for fifteen years , _Ihaye had no opportunity of defending myself — let me assure you , that not only have I never , in the course of my life , uttered one sentence recommendatory of physical force , but , on the contrary , opposition to it , when advocated and recommended by 2 ealous , honest , enthusiastic , starving men , has been the greatest difficulty against which I have had to contend . -However , Irishmen , as it is not my wish to ho misunderstood , let me tell you the reason why I have not advocated physical force . It is in consequence of the impossibility of an

      undisciplined and unarmed people meeting tlieir disciplined and armed aggressors . Are you aware that the system by which you are held in bondage , the English people are held in bondage , and the people of all nations are held in bondage , is physical force , sustained by your toil , your sweat , and ' your very blood ? , Sly reason for not advocating physical force is , because its failure has ever led to the greater prostration of your class , and the greater tyranny of your oppressors . But , would to God that I could command a sufficient amount of forco to destroy tyranny , and establish freedom in its stead . Hear my stereotyped maxim , as regards moral and physical _fnvfip •—

      -" Moral power is the deliberative quality in each man ' s mind , which teaches him how to reason , howto endure , and when forbearance becomes a crime ; and should that fail to secure for man all those rights to which he is justly entitled , and should physical force be required ( which God forbid ) , it will come to his aid like an electric shock , while the mm who marshals it destroys it , and will be first to _desoi't . it . "

      To The Irish People. (From The Irishman ...

      My countrymen , you require no physical force ; the Chartists advocated no _physioal forco ; what they desire , what they demand , and what they assuredly will achieve , is a full , _i-rbe , and faib representation _Oy THE WHOLE PEOPLE ( IRISH AS WELL as English ) , in the Commons House of Parliament , and by the _PEonc _' s Ciurt £ R alone can such a representation bo accomplished . The Charter means Annual , Parliaments , Universal Suffrage , ' "Vote by Ballot , Equal Electoral Districts , No Property : Qualification , and Payment of Members . ' Arid as my first task will be to create a mind in Ireland , I will separately analyse those several points , in a scries of letters , addressed to you through tho Irishman , and in which I will abandon all rhetorical and highflown phrases . I will neither use trope , _figure , or

      metaphor , but will deal with the subject in plain and simple language , and will defy the geatest opponent of Chartism to prove the injustice of one of my propositions . My countrymen , you ought to be , but you are not , aware of the crisis that is now approaching , There is no knowing how long the present parliament may last . A continental convulsion , or a strong Protectionist exhibition , may drive the present ministers from office , and'lead to a dissolution of parliament—and , behold the result ! The town of Heading , the western division of the county of Surrey , and the city of Cork , three places that return *! ultra Radicals , have , within a few months , returned three violentr

      Protectionists ; and , rest assured , that _ify-ou had a general election to-morrow ,, you would-find the House-of Commons filled with an ' _ovMwhelcqing majority , not _onkof . Protectionists , but _oi'High Tor _^ _Sutchers iand _^ onurch-pi eservers , who would prefer the chance of revolution to the abandonment of church and patronage . Kow . it is to prepare you for this comin / r , and no distaint event , that I devote my time , which is valuable , to your service ; and mark the course that I recommen d . I am aware of thc difficulty of instructing a whole nation—but , nevertheless , if a few of the nation will adopt the proper course , the nation may yet be saved .

      I am aware that plague , pestilence , and famine have thinned your constituency—and I am also aware that your apathy will give increased vigour , energy , and success to your opponents . Now , it is because I prefer a change based upon moral power , to that based upon physical power—and because 1 am aware that the restoration of the Protectionists to power , would enable and induce the labour-employers of England to urge the unemployed into a physical outbreak , to attain their own object , that I forewarn you that you may be forearmed . Your first move , then , should be to establish a sincere , an intellectual , and honest , metropolitan election committer , and to establish local election committees in every county , city , and borough in Ireland , sothafc aii the available force that they

      may oe mustered by good and well-directed machinery may be mustered to fight the coming battle . You sec the boast of the press that Dublin , the metropolis of Ireland , could now return two Protectionists hy a majority of a thousand ; and as place is as dear as peace to Ministers , you may rely upon it thatthe energy npon your part , and energy upon tho part of the English people , of which there will be no lack , will compel Lord John Russell to make such an extension of the suffrage as will enable him and his brethren to remain m office _. My countrymen , tho English Protestant people are as zealous for a Repeal of the Union as you are . Tlieir feelings are as repugnant to that system which allows the bloated shepherd to live

      luxuriously upon the lean nock as yours are , and it is only by the united will ofthe people of both countries that such au abomination can be destroyed . Believe me that you will neither have peace , quite , or industry in Ireland so long as the tall church spire constitutes the tyrant conqueror ' s trophy ; while , if it was bassed upon the voluntary contributions of those who profess the faith that it represents , and not upon your toil , and cemented with your blood , it might be cloud-capped and lofty as the Tower of Babel . My countrymen , it made my heart jump with joy while I witnessed your fervour and enthusiasm , " at

      the great aggregate meeting , while I discovered from it that the movemont , if Ireland is to be served , must be national and not party . Was it not a curiosity—nay , a romance—that an attempt should have been made to prevent not only one ofa persecuted family , but one who has been persecuted himself , from addressing you . And is it not still more anomalous , that although all acknowledge that my services were rather serviceable than injurioustbat the falsehood should be repeated , that I had pledged myself to take no part in the aggregate meeting—whereas , my words in my letter to Mr . Afnrt . in were : —

      " You may rest assured , that although it is my intention to attend the Conference , it is not my intention to take any part whatever is its PROCEEDINGS ?" Now , who could construe those words to have any reference whatever to the aggregate meeting ? And who that knows me would suppose me so silly , so pusillanimous , and cowardly , as to be prevented by threats , intimidation , fraud , or jealousy , from addressing my countrymen . On the contrary , my friends , it is my intention to assist personally in the creation , the organisation , and direction of such a mind in Ireland as will moke the altar the footstool of God , instead of tho couch of Mammon—as will base the throne upon the loyalty and affection of a well-governed people , instead of upon the caprice of an aristocracy—and make the cottage the castle of the freeman , instead of the don of the _slivfi ' Your Faithful Friend and Countryman , Feargus O'Connor .

      Macnamara V. O'Connor. To Feargus O'Cokn...

      MACNAMARA v . O'CONNOR . TO FEARGUS _O'COKNOR , ESQ ., M . P . My Dear Sib—From this day ' s Star I observe that Mr , Macnamara has made the most of it . During the time of the arrests , preceding the trials of last _yeaiv a deputation from the Defence Committee waited on me at the John-street Committee-rooms : the conversation was lengthy ; and from the embarrassed state of their affairs I advised them to wait on you , hand the cash they had over to you , requesting vou to act on thoir behalf . We met

      at Osborne's Hotel , Strand . Mr . Macnamara was present . Mr . Lacy gave you the money ; I think it was about forty or sixty pounds , but I am not Bure of the amount . On receiving it you said , " Now mind , Lacy and all of you , I will only pay the money I receive through your hands ; I can't afford to spend a fortune every two years , even to defend our own fellows . " Before leaving , you repeated the statement . You conversed freely with Mr . Macnamara —spoke of the superior abilities of Mr , Roberts . Mr . Macnamara said that Mr .

      Roberts had consulted his brother on important trials . You _replied , '' I would trust my life in the hands of Roberts . "' "We all shared in the conversation . Mr . Macnamara was originall y engaged by the committee , about which engagement there was a slight misunderstanding , which was explained ; and Mr . Macuamara ' s _ser-ices were continued , not b y you , nor on your behalf , but by the Defence Committee , you having the management of the money . I have spoken only of facts : now for one nv two remarks . It was evident to me

      that you were not quite _satisned with Mr . Macnamara—you thought him too young—but he had been engaged by the _Committee , and it would have been a delicate thing to discharge him and employ another solicitor . It is but just to say , that Mr . Macnamara expressed Ms willingness to give up the case , if you or . the Committee desired him to do so . You roplied , " I have not engaged you ; but if the Committee are dissatisfied , they would better speak now . " Mr . Lacy , on behalf of the Committee , expressed a wish that Mr . " _Vfnennmni'a ' s _sni'vices should bo retained .

      On my way homo I said to two oi the Committee , "How little brains are needed to enable a solicitor to make his way in the world ; a literary man , belonging to no incorporated profession , may starve , when a mere boy , dubbed Solicitor or Doctor , if once introduced to practice , may make a fortune . '' I was partially wrong ; cunning has more to do with money-getting than intellect ; a cunning

      Macnamara V. O'Connor. To Feargus O'Cokn...

      n _^ _S _^ wliat aii W oWble man would not Stoop to do . I * n _, comparatively , a stranger to . Mr . Macnamara . I hope he * l 1 - . _W make his way in life ; and if ho rise _m la * J profession by the means . he has practised m your case , his heirs may write on hi ? tombstone : — " He was a rat . " I am , dear Sir , yours truly ,. Samuei _$ VI . Kydd . Saturday , December I . * ¦ ' , _.,-. _-rffi _& _k r _^ M _^ _W _^ _&* ' _^^ not Stoop to do . I 4 m , comparatively , a _^ _strarigerto . Mr . Macnamara . I h 6 pe h _! _* J _« makeThis way in life ; and if ho mo in b

      The Chartist Metropolitan Conference. : ...

      THE CHARTIST _METROPOLITAN CONFERENCE . :

      The Provisional Committee give notice , that the , Members of the Conference will assemble at the Large Room , . Wheatsheaf Tavern , Hand Court , Holborn , on Monday evening , Dec . 10 th , at eight o clock , for the dispatch of business . Each _' Delegate will be privileged to issue three admission tickets daily . The priuted _^ cards for this purpose can be obtained at 144 , High Holborn , on app lication to the . Secretary _* by messenger , . or pne-paid letter . " Feakgus O'Connor , G-. W . M . Reynolds , S ' . -Boonham , P . M'Grath , W . Dixon , T . Clark , Sec . '

      The Ten Iiours Act. To Ttte Factory Oper...

      THE TEN IIOURS ACT . TO TTTE _FACTORY OPERATIVES OF GREAT

      BRITAIN ASD IRELAND . FELLOw- _* WoBKri : ori-B , —Tho position of our affairs is daily brightening , and tho prospect of a speedy settlement of the points in dispute , by a decision of the Judges of the land , is fast advancing . In accordance with the resolution of the last delegate meeting , a deputation was sent off to London to present to Sir George Grey the following memorial , which was drawn up at thc request of the delegates : To The llr . Hos . Sin _( _Jkouge _Gmjy , Bart ., M . r * ., Secretary of _State'for the Home Department , & c ., & c . The Memorial of the Factory Workers of Lancashire , i- ; Yorkshire , ' and Cheshire , in Delegate Meeting assembled , _Ilojnitr _Siiewbtii _, —Tliat your memorialists have assembled in Manchester , to the number of sixty-two , from the various manufacturing districts , and that they represent at leant 30 , 000 of tlieir _fclloir-workiicople , and have met together for the purpose of devising the best means of bringing to a speedy issue the _ditfereuce of opinion wliich now exists relative to the spirit and meaning of the Factories Act of 1817 .

      That they cannot but deplore that there is great ditfereuce of opinion amongst the county magistrates , upon material points of that law , which being now administered in different ways in different localities , produce the effect of tlieir being one law tor Lancashire , another far Yorkshire , and a third for Scotland , all aft ' ecting similar classes of her Majesty ' s subjects . That by this conflicting state of things much discontent is engendered in the minds of both factory masters and factory workers , whose time of working the law was intended to regulate , and creates in thc minds of the operatives a feeling of contempt for all laws ; inasmuch as this system of law-giving appears to confirm them in an opiuion that there is one law for the rich and another for the poor , —an opinion in which your memorialists do not participate , but which they are hound to declare they _lielievc to be fast extending amongst the factory workers , —an opinion which . If it once becomes universal amongst the people , would create a spirit of insubordination wliich your memorialists dare not contemplate .

      That , during the present year , your memorialists met together _, andsent from amongst their fellow-workpeople several deputations to wait uyon yourself , as the responsible adviser ofthe Crown , with instructions to urge upon you the absolute necessity of tlie points in dispute being brought before the Jatlgcs in n _superior court , with a view of their being finally settled for the guidance of local justices , from _ivhose decision there is no appeal . That , after repeated interviews and conversations upon the points in dispute , ami the desircableness ofa settlement of tlie question , you gave them a promise that a case should be prepared , and submitted to the Court of Queen ' s Bench ; upon the result of that case so submitted your memorialists were content to rely , but from some cause or other it was never proceeded with .

      That your memorialists still look up to you with confidence for the fulfilment of that promise , and therefore numbly hut most fervently pray that yon will take immediate steps to submit the legality of the system of working by shifts , as now practised , to the J udges , for llieir decision , by which this vexed question may be set at rest for ever , and thereby n good feeling be re-established between masters and men , and thc breach lessened which _thcEC disputes are fast widening . And your memorialists will ever pray . Signed ou behalf of tlie Delegates , Paul _Hakgbeavib , Chairman . The deputation reached London on Tuesday , November 20 th , and on the following day received a letter from tho Home Secretary , through the influence of Lord Ashley , appointing an interview for

      Thursday , tho 22 nd , at twelve o ' clock . At tho time appointed the deputation attended at thc Homo Office , and was respectfull y received by Sir George Grey . After the presentation of the memorial the question was briefly discussed , but nothing was elicited as to the intentions of the government beyond the move fact that they were anxious to hare the question set at rest . The deputation immediately proceeded to make inquiries in other quarters , the result of which is highly satisfactory , as will be seen from the following facts which wero elicited . It will be recollected that a case was some timo ago tried at Heywood , in which Mr . David Mills was the defendant , and that he -was , by his own consent ,

      convicted in a penalty of £ 5 , with a view of enabling him to appeal to the Quarter Sessions , and from that tribunal to the Court of Queen ' s Rench . By an act of parliament , which came into operation on the 1 st of the present month , it has been found , that when the appellant and respondent agree , they can at once remove the case to the Court of Exchequer , _tritliout the usual delay of bringing it before the court of Quarter Sessions . This course has been adopted , and the argument , in all human probabilityf will come on for hearing in the superior court in January next , when it is confidently hoped the illegality of working by " shifts , " or relays , will bO for over set at rest . Your committee will' narrowly watch the whole of tho proceedings , and will report from time to time as circumstances will admit .

      When this decision is obtained the work may no have ended , as it is said , that any decision of the court at Westminster will not apply to Scotland . Should that be so , your committee will then , bring the whole of their energies to bear upon our Scottish fellow-workpeople , and-will , without delay , institute proceedings in tho Scottish courts of law , with a view of settling the question there . With a decision ofthe English Judges against the working by shifts in England , there is little to fear that a speedy verdict will be obtained in Scotland . In the mean timo \ to must call upon the workers of both countries to stand firmly to thoir post , —

      never to talk of surrendering a single moment of the fifty-ei g ht hours a-week , and to collect their funds and forward them immediately , to enable the committee to meot any new difficulty or emergency that may by any possibility arise . I am , Fellow-Workpeople , yours respectfully , on behalf ofthe Central Committee for the Protection of the Ten Hours Act , Thomas Mawdslet , Secretary . Central Committee Room , Cotton Tree Tavern , Great Ancoats-street , Manchester , November 28 th , 1849 .

      Axxiversalir Of The Potrsir Bevolutio.V....

      AxxiVERSAlir of the Potrsir Bevolutio . v . —On Thursday , thc 29 th of November , being the anniversary of the Polish Revolution of ISiiO , the Demoerotic Polish Society assembled together at 17 , New-street , for thc purpose of celebrating that memorable event , hi . _Pouoluki presided ; Lieut .-Col . Sztolzman and Capt . Domagalski were the speakers . Tho meeting terminated with the reading of poetry sent from . Prance by General Microslawski , and the singing of patriotic songs .

      A Hat Stout . —One of the gardiens of Paris appointed after the revolution of February , having _, saved out of his pay a sum of 100 francs , obtained a note , ivhich he secreted in tho lining of his Tyrolean hat . Some time after , in attempting to disperse an ass emblage on thc quays , the poor gardicn had his smart Tyrolean hat plucked from his head and thrown into the river by one of the mob . He subsequently became a serpent de ville , and succeeded in forgetting- tlie loss oi'his little treasure . Latelv ,

      however , to his great astonishment , a workman , who stated his name to be Kocman , waited on him , and presented thc bank-note . Ho had , ho said , bought the hat for a few sous some days before , and on cutting it up found the note within the lining , enclosed in an envelope , bearing the address of the owner , and he accordingly restored it . The hat , it appeared , had been fished out of tho water by a ravageur , and it had passed through several hands before reaching those ofthe workman .

      Destructive Fibe at _Ckotdox . —On Thursday evening a , fire of a very alarming and destructive character broke out between eight and nine o ' clock in the linen factory belonging to Messrs . Larking and Co , situate at North-end , Croydon , near tho ; Crown Inn , and immediately facing the policestation . Whilst one of thc P division of polico was ] going his rounds in Kcnt ' s-yard he perceived ail unusual body of smoke hovering over Messrs . Lai-king ' s factory , and whilst looking to find out the cause an immense body of flame " shot through the . side windows , clearly indicating thatthe factory was doomed to destruction . The whole of the building was soon burnt to the ground . Messrs . Lui'liing is partially insured in the Guardian Fire Office . Thc tiro is supposed the _falling ofa lighted candle iwen .

      Mn . _Siiaemas Chawford has jus _^ _uliffsheiLX- _^ pamphlet of forty-five pages , _^ _titled'JK _^ _bBlflW ; tion not _Kecessarv . —Au appeal tfl _j _& q _^ _BrijJsnfc _^ members of the Imperial l _arliamefflla | tfj _^ Jl | i . o . '< ? extermination of the Irish Pconle . ' i _^ S BM _^^ V _^ _- _^ _f rr _O-Vi ' _-AiV' ; : 3 has us { g _* _ubifsbeilfra > \ _s , _~ titled _^^ oBu _] _tr appeal te t _& oV'Bnpshj _* x l _* arliam # } t _^ Qtst _^ i 0 . " _^

      To Have Been Caused By Among Somo Unfini...

      to have been caused by among somo unfinished ! d to have been caused by . c among somo unfinished ¦ \ \ * _, M s _p . _Xusf c- « _dU , _Clf l ~ j "" f BMmw _®*

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 8, 1849, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_08121849/page/1/