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Northern Star (1837-1852), 9th February 1850, Edition 3 of 3, Page 3, DRURY-LANE /THEATRE. On Tuesday night Fi...

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      Rntvs "World Is Worthier Better U Men. :...

      rnTVS "WORLD IS WORTHIER BETTER u MEN . : Tt's all an idle tale they tell , but , theD , -who blames their telling it ? « r hero < rnes have got-their cant to sell , the world _TATs'Vell far selling it . They say this world ' s a ' desert drear / cursed in their own stark blindnessJ That we were sent to suffer here—what , hy a God of _Jrin dness ? That since the world has gone astray—it must be so for ever , And we most stand still , and obey its _desolators —• never ! Tve'll labour for the better time "With all our might of press and pen ; BelieTe ns , tis a truth sublime- — God ' s world is worthier better men .

      In Paradise the world began , a world of love and g ladness—IU beauty hath heen marred hy man , with allh } s crime and madness ; Yet , 'tis a bright world , —still love hrings sunshine for spirits dreary , -filth all our strife , sweet rest hath wings to fold onr hearts a « weary « The snn , in glory , like a God , to-day in heaven is brightlng , A bloom of stars smiles on the sod , as love wiih flowers _werewritins _*;; Earth ' s heart throbs with immortal youth , Her voice still _rings of Eden—then Believe us , 'tis a noble truth , God ' s world is worthier better men .

      Oh' they are bold knaves , over-bold—who say we are doomed to anguish , That men in God ' s own imago soul'd , like hellbound slaves must languish , Probe _Nature's heart to its red core , there's more of good than evil , And man , down-trampled , still is . more of angel than of devil , — " Prepare to die V—prepare to live ! we know not what is living , _& S & let us for the world s good give , as God is ever Give love , thought , action , wealth , and timo , To win the primal age again ; Believe us * tisa truth sublime , God ' s world is worthier better men . Spirit of Freedom . Masset .

      Song Of The Future, 'Ifidst All The Stor...

      SONG OF THE FUTURE , _'ifidst all the storms and cares of lifo , I see a brighter day , Bursting through the clouds of strife , To chase our wrongs away . The advent of that day may seem As though it ne ' er would dawn , And better times nought but a dream , From Fancy ' s empire drawn . But knowledge sows the seeds of right , Which grows in every mind , And teaches men that moral might Will freedom's beauty find . The future opens with a smile , And justice seems to call Upon the toilers of our isle ,

      To wafch their tyrants falL The past has heen the age of woe , "Where reason never dwelt ; And men were wont to make a show Of whatthey never felt . Oh I England ' s sons may glory crown Your acts iand deeds with fame ; To conquer base oppression ' s frown , And win a glorious name . A Glove-maker

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      The People's Review Of Litehatuke And Pr...

      THE PEOPLE ' S REVIEW OF LITEHATUKE AND PROGRESS . Edited "b y _Fbiesds in _Cocscn .. So , I , -February . London : C . AEtchell , Red-Lion Court , Fleet-street . Feom both , principle and personal feeling we had hoped to have been able to have given a hearty welcome to ibis Dew publication . Announced as the "Peqpfe _' s Review" we naturally expected to have met , nnder such a title , with a zealous exponent of the people " _^ claims , and a determined assertor . of their rights ; and such a " Review " would have

      bad our most earnest good wishes . As regards personal feeling—although we have never allowed that to mislead us so far a 3 to move us to vote black white—we have always been anxious to employ the language of praise , rather than censure ; and , in the present instance having a personal regard for , at least , one of the conductors ofthe People ' s Renew , we should only have been too happy could we bave conscientiously praised tbe work of our friend , and bis coadjutors . But we cannot do

      so . The People ' s Review , as a whole , has disappointed our expectations . We question not tiie integrity , nor the talent of the writers ; the one is as above suspicion , as the other is above question . Nor do we dispute that those sections of the " people ' * wbo constitute tbe population of the "Mechanics * Institutions , " " Manchester _AtHenseoms , _" and " _~ WMt _£ ngton Clubs , " may find this Review suited to their . tastes ; but the proletarians—the masses —are not very likely to recognise it as the "People ' s . "

      To say nothing of the peculiar views ofthe writers , their manner © f " reviewing" finds anything bnt favour in our eyes , The ability displayed in tbe articlescontained in the present number cannot be disputed , bat the articles are rather essays than reviews ; and , with all respect for the essayists , we would rather have bad less of then * writing , and more of tbe books they undertook to " review . " It wonld "be an imgracion 8 . task to single out particular articles or particular passages for hostile comment . Instead of so disagreeable a performance , -we have p leasure in stating , that at least portions ofthe contents deserve public approbation . The article beaded " History of the Taxes on Knowledge , " cannot be too warmly praised .

      That our readers may not hastil y or inadvisedly condemn a new candidate for popular support , * we recommend all who are curious in snch matters , and can afford to expend sixpence , to purchase this first number and judge for themselves . We should add , thatthe work is neatly printed , and more than ordinary taste is evident in the getting-np of tbe wrapper . We trust that on a future occasion we shall be able to speak in terms of unalloyed approbation of the "People ' sReview . "

      The Spirit Of Freedom. Conducted By Work...

      The Spirit of Freedom . Conducted by Working Men . "New Series . No . IL—February , London : J . Watson , 3 , _Queen _' s-headpassage , Paternoster-row . This publication is pre-eminently the poetical propagandist of the p rinciples bf proletarian progression . Its very prose only needs to be cut up into longs and shorts , to make a description of blank verse which would hear comparison with much that has emanated in that shape irom certain reco <* _-oised " poet * . " Such writers as our friends of the Spirit" of Freedom have their -oaission---a mission others could not so well perform . Young themselves , they address the

      young in those fiery words and trumpet-like tones whieh are the peculiar property of those on whom the morning of life yet shines . They dowelL A new generation of thinkers , -workers , and leaders are growing up nnder their teachings—men who will at no distant day emerge from their present obscurity , " and do good work in Liberty ' s "warfare , Let _ns not be mistaken ; that onr friends can be practical , in the ordinary sense of the term , as well as poetical ( which we have shown may also Ibe practical and effective ) , may be Been by tbe article * in this number of tbe Spirit on " -Middle-class Expenditure , ' ' " Clerical _Kobtery " "Ireland , " & c ., & c . The first-named of these articles we shall quote nearly entire .

      TnE MMDLE-CLASS _-fiXPEDIEXCT . o _* - ° _- ' _-Bknc , in one of his eloquent Lectures on Socialism , remarks , -when leaders of the people say to tbem , "follow us , " the people should question where tbey are being led to ; now , we think if tbe honest answer was always given ; it . would often be , " aforty years' journey in the "Wilderness ;" ana ; as one . of the people ; we pause , and ask'tbe ttultipIMty of leaders , _*** Whereare-you leading ns ? * _Eor , although we hold that we must conquer tiie state by . political reform , thereby to work out ' tbe social change , we question whether " there are two of

      The Spirit Of Freedom. Conducted By Work...

      Ihe Chartist leaders who know where they are lead-* hg us too , or how they would apply political reform for the betterance of the : poor , and the ; extinction of misery ; Brothers , it is a vile fraud intended to be practised upon a large portion of bur suffering order , by the rarlianientary and Financial Reformers . Have you read the anecdote of the Kentuckian and Indian , who went shooting one day , the produce of whose sport was a turkey and : a crow ? . on the division of which the Kentuckian plied his sophistry to bewilder the Indian , in the following terms : " Now , " said the Kentuckian , ¦¦ I will have the turkey and you shall take the crow , or you shall take the crow and I will have tbe turkey !" "Well / ' said the Indian , " it sounds very well ; but , _

      somehow , you always get the turkey / and I always get the crow ! " This seems to me to illustrate the position of the middle and working classes in the apportionment of the results of reform ; they get the turkey and we tbe crow . The language of the Financial Reformers is this : " Join us , for your own sakes ; go with us for the suffrage in part , not because it is an universal right , but because it is the wiser course ; itis an instalment—a movement in the right direction , which must merge into universal enfranchisement ! " This was the language of Brougham , Russell , and Burdett—that was __ a Bteo in the right direction ; that was a guarantee for the _' farther extension of tbe franchise , and yet that verv measure enabled the treacherous and bloody

      Whigs , in 1848 , to pass tbeir infamous Gagging and Alien Acts , in support of which they conld muster 100 , 000 middle-class special constables ! _^ And these were the same men that agitated and clajmoured for the Reform Bill , but having obtained their measure , and acquired power , they were at once the sworn enemies of the unenfranchised , they had become respectable monopolists ; they had got the turkey and we the eron * J Had there been no Reform Bill these men would have been with us in ' 48 , and at sacb a time , when the heart of society was yearning for change , and the spirit of revolution stirred the face of tbe deeps—they , like the _boui-geoise promoters of the reform banquets in Paris , must have been hurried

      further than was originally intended , and we could have swept away any government founded on oppression and bolstered by bullying wrong ! " We might now have had a government built on the suffrages and hearts of the people , 'instead of _^ being bamboozled and insulted by the miserable trickery of class legislation . If the middle class have become more honest and sincere , let them come forward boldly and lend a hand for " the attainment of our rights ; and cease this sneaking policy of advocating brick and mortar schemes—cease haggling for pennyworths of that Reforid which must cost more than a crown I for if they willed it fully and unequivocally , we could have Universal Sufirage next session , or revolutionise England ! but , they dp not

      will tbat we shonld be enfranchised . We claim the Suffrage as a birthright ! we ask to be recognised as human beings ! to be looked upon as the sons of the same God , and brothers of the same human femily , that each shall have room for the full development of his own nature . ' "We do not work for a change of tyrants , but for the regeneration of society 2 we wish to have this branding mark of slavery efiaced from us , and lift up our brows in human nature ' s nobleness , and the acknowledged equality of mankind ! The middle classes on the contnuy , say it is expedient to enfranchise a portion of the people , on this qualification , if they are utterly selfish , which selfishness means , ( as the world _waes ) sense , that is the sense of taking care

      of oneself at the expense of everybody else J it is expedient to enfranchise four millions because they would be sufficient to carry Cobden and Go . into power , and Cobden and Co . know very well that it amounts to this , by giving the vote to four millions , they let in four feet of democracy which they could swim in gallantly ! but by giving the vote to eight millions they would let in eight feet of democracy , in which they would be swamped inevitably , and il Universal Sufirage would not carry them to power , as most assuredly it would not ! it is not likely that when in power they would open the flood-gates to swamp themselves , no , we and the middle class are opposed in interest ; tbey know it , and we must learn it ! "When capital and labour are combined

      in action they are one in interest , but separated and pitted against each other they are opposite in interest . Our interests are opposed to the men of capital . Therefore they hold out to us saying " Get ! get ! " " become one of us , " "become respectable ! and by so doing we strengthen their party , and render theslavery . of a large portion of our own class all the more effectual ' . and who does not foresee that a middle class despotism is far worse than the tyranny of feudalism ? Feudalism only crushes humanity in the gross mass , this despotism will crush ns in detail—man by man , woman

      by woman , and child by child . By giving unlimited sway to capital in its killing competition with labour , labour must suffer eternal loss ; again , under the iron rule of feudalism , the crushed slaves could make common cause in their misery , and unite to overthrow their oppressors ; but this is impossible under the reign of the tyranny we are bending our necks to , for , with unlimited competition , which is the beau-ideal of middle class liberty , ' every man ' s hand is against his brother , and every man ' s interest antagonistic ! it is the cut-throat course of every one for himself , and the devil take the hindmost !

      "Wcmaynot he able to frustrate this movement , for the middle classes will inevitably precede us to power , yet they will not solve the problem of labour : they will not abolish slavery by destroying _proletariat or speculation in man by man ; they will not leg islate to fetter human misery , and it is this for which we combat ; therefore , supposing we Stooi on a polidcal equality to-morrow , our interests would be at issue immediately , for , while they seek a apolitical change in order that they may prevent the coming social revolution , we work for a political revolution , _thereby to eonswaiate the social one , which must follow ; but . as we have not this political equality , we have to fight a double battle , and it behoves the workers to cling together , and if leaders stand in the way , they must be sacrificed at the shrine of principles . T . Massey .

      The Champion, Sfc. E. Hobson, Ashtbnunde...

      The Champion , SfC . E . Hobson , Ashtbnunder-Lyne ; A . Heywood , Manchester . This faithful champion ofthe rights , and able exponent of the claims of the _factory workerB , continues its useful though unpretending career . . From the number for February 2 nd , we extract the following notice of Tin * FACTORY ACT BEFOBE THE JUDGES . It IS impossible to overrate tbe importance ofthe question submitted to tbe judges in the Court of Exchequer , on Monday last , and now awaiting their decision . It involves not merely the physical , social and moral well-being and happiness of many thousands of our factory population , chiefly children oi

      and young persons ol both sexes , especially females , which of itself is a sufficiently serious consideration ; but relatively , from the points likely to be raised in the judgment about to be delivered , it will be found to involve certain principles in the politico-industrial faith of the nation , upon the practical adoption or rejection of which very much of the future fate of England will depend . "We listened attentively to the arguments of the learned counsel who conducted the case on each side of the question , and watched most anxiously the various turns of mere law , which the discussion appeared to take . There were several sentiments expressed in

      the course of the argument , as well by th _» judges as by the learned counsel , which appeared to us to be both novel and dangerous , and to which we shall take an early opportunity to revert . For the _present it would be premature and ill-advised to make any remark upon the dicta to which we refer . In the mean time , without at all anticipating the final decision ofthe benchi we would exhort the friends of the Ten Hours Bill to prepare to receive and act upon that decision , whatever it may be , with all tho earnestness and zeal which the nature ofthe case imperatively demands . Events , we believe , will confirm the opinion we recently expressed—that a new . ' crisis in thc Factory Question is at hand .

      The Frame Work-Knitters' Advocate. No. I...

      The Frame Work-Knitters' Advocate . No . I-2 _* Jbttinghain : E . Sutton , _Bridlesmith Gate . We welcome this new advocate of Labour ' s interests We learn from ihe opening address , that ''theAdvocate wiU , on all occasions , be ready to assist the injured , and plead the cause of the oppressed ; it will expose the abuses , extortions , frauds , and deceits which are still _practised in so many and such various forms , The working men , however illiterate and unlearned , will here find space to . express their thoughts and views , couched in their own terms , and clothed in their own language , providing it coHtain 8 nothing that is unreasonable

      or irrational . It will contain occasionall y articles on all subjects connected with the interests of the trade ; such as its ' . history , past -and ' present ; wages , their . rise and fall ; " comparison between the present and past ; local customs in their different varieties ; inventions and improvements in the manufacture of machinery . The laws that afi _* ect the rig hts of industry will meet with due attention , and the social and moral improvement ofthe working man will be our greatest object ; i In short , ft will be ' thefearless advdcate . of alltKe rights ,, p rivileges , and immunities of those , who produce the wealth , of this country . * ' It is almost f-uperflu-kiB to add , that our best wishes are" given for the success _ofthe Frame Worlcknitters Advocate .

      The Frame Work-Knitters' Advocate. No. I...

      ThePublic " Good : _ISor 1 I-7--Februab , t . ; _TSon _? don : Ci . Gilpin , 5 _^ _Bishopsgate-street . The articlesin this number . of ' the Public Good _are-of the order previously- indicated in' our notice of number one . Perhaps ; the best in the copy before us is'the ' second ' of a a series bn " the undeveloped resources of England . " . "We quote the following from a letter by Yooloo-fou , on board the , Chinese Junk at Blackwall , to his kinsman , Lang-fang , in China : — I have to inform thee , my dear Lang-fang , that I have visited London , which it the largest and richest city in the land of the barbarians . Since the arrival of bur noble vessel , she has been _in-^

      vaded by swarms of a peculiar class of barbarians called _Cocknics , together with a great number ofthe principal mandarins . But , if they _wereso curious and inquisitive about us , I was still more eo in my inquiries about them . Know , oh ! Lang-fang that the capital of this barbarian empire is , emphatically , a city of contiasts . . Here are jostled together , as if in hideous mockery of the hopes we entertain of earthly felicity—inexhaustible wealth , and the most squalid poverty ; the most sumptuous palaces , and the meanest hovels ; solemn temples of worship , and execrable dens of infamy ; noble scientific mental institutions for mental improvement , and gorgeous saloons dedicated to the demon of intemperance for mental degradation . Yet they

      will tell thee , Oh ! Lang-fang ! that this is the centra of civilisation , the cradle of the arts , tbe mother of humanity , the home of truth , the nurse of wisdom , and the benefactress of the world . Though the inhabitants of this country pretend to be the most moral and enlightened peoplo in tho world , yet there are perpetrated amongst them the most frightful atrocities , and unmitigated villanies . They believe their legislators to be wise , humane , and patriotic ; but the laws which they bave enacted are neither just nor judicious . . The rich man may purchase pardon , but the poor must suffer punishment . I must not omit to mention , that there is a place of assembly for the barbarian _legislators , denominated the House of Commons , in which the affairs of the nation are discussed and decided . Curiosity induced me to visit it ; but what _was my surprise , Oh ! 3 Jang-fang 1 to discover that instead of the

      deeds of patriots , and the words of sage ? , that the time was : wasted in frivolous debates , and the public money in _superfluous expenses _.,-Private interests there , as well as in tbe most obscure nooks and corners of the empire , appeared to be the ' aim and end" of these persons selected by tbe public for the public good . Well may we boast of our great Confucius , and ; well may we be proud of the lessons of wisdom which he has taught us . "What would our august Emperor , say to those . mandarinswhom he has appointed to administer the laws throughout the length and breadth of the Celestial Empire , if they were to imitate the example of these legislators ofthe barbarians ? Would he not pluck the buttons from then * caps , thereby ! degrading them before the eyes of his subjects , and command the bamboo to be vigorously applied to the soles of their feet f

      ^— Thb Condition Of England.-. Question....

      _^— THB CONDITION OF ENGLAND .-. QUESTION . ( Condonsed from the Mtrning _Chronicli . ) THE SILK WEAVERS OF MIDDLETON . ¦ Somewhat more than five miles from Manchester , and midway upon the high road to Rochdale , lies , in a pleasant hollow , surrounded by ridging , hills , and watered by the stream of the Irk , the ancient village ef Middle ton . Although near the centre of the charmed circle within which the steam-engine the three-decked mule , and the power-loom are alone potent , and almost as it were beneath tbe heel ofthe cotton capital—still the prevailing spirit ofthe region has passed but lightly over Middleton . Standing on the gravestone-clad hill , beneath the antique balfry of the Norman church , yOu see in your immediate neighbourhood but a few scattered stragglers from the host of tall chimneys which

      muster on the horizon . Beneath you , perched upon gardened banks or nestling in petty ravines , lie the scattered streets of an old-fasbioned village , the high-gabled and irregular tenements built of wood which was leafy three centuries ago , interspersed with ranges of modern red-brick two-storied cottages . There is a gas-work rising , spick and span new , close to where the long grass is waving on the ruins of a brave hall ; and a "Manchester omnibus stands at the door of a tavern which may have seen the esquire ride forth to fly his hawks . There is nothing of the suburban character about Middleton . The cits of Manchester , do not resort there . The place has a stamp of its own . Some of the oldest and purest blood of the Lancashire yeoman

      keeps its current still unmixed by the hearths of this village . Keedwood and Charnwood sent forth no tougher bows nor . longer shafts than twanged along the banks of the Irk , and amid the coppices ofBirtleand Ashworth . On the northern window of the church transept are emblazoned tbe effigies of the Middleton Archers , who , like Hubert ' s grandsire , drew good bows , not indeed at Hastings , but on Flodden Edge ; There , upon the colourea glass , march , like the merry men of Robin Hood , the staunch Middleton Archers , all of a row , witb their longlight Saxon hair , and their retainers' liveries of blue . Each carries his unslung bow upon his shoulder ; over each bow is painted , in antique letters , tbe name of its owner , and every one of

      these names is still borne by an inhabitant of Middleton . It was curious , indeed , after the multitude of brown brioken Sioris , and Ebenezers , and Beth ' esdas , to which I have lately been accustomed , to find myself standing upon the brazen memorials of buried Crusaders ,, amid -millions and quatrefeuils , carved by "Norman , chisels , and beneath mouldering standards and rusty spears , which were probably shaken and couched in the wars ofthe Roses . From what I have stated the reader will be prepared for a population pursuing some distinct and ungregarious species of occupation . He is in the right . The "folk o' Middleton , " to use their own vernacular , are almost all silk handloom weavers , pursuing their craft in their own houses , preserving

      an independent and individual tone of character , intermarrying to the extent of breeding scrofulous disease—clannish and prejudiced and peculiar as all such septs are—keeping up even amid their looms a great degreeof the _ruraj and patriarchal tone of bygone times—a few of them handling the plough and the "hoe as well as the shuttle and the winding-wheel , and the entire community great favourers of the old English manly sports .. "When the Hopwood hounds pass the village ( says tho Rev . Mr . Dunsford , the rector , ) there is always a goodly train of sportsmen , on foot , in attendance . " Having asked whether there was any weaver among them whom they thought especially a clever man , and one who knew the history of ; the . trade , public opinion pointing with many . fore-fingers to a certain door , I tapped thereat ,,. and . the latch was raised by a venerable old lady adorned with a pair of silver spectacles' on her nose , and a pipe in her

      mouth ; she looked somehow like a nice indulgent grandmamma—she bad such a kind old-fashioned _, face ; but I could . not help staring at it , for never in my life had I seen aa elderly lady ' s countenance embellished at once with a pair of silver spectacles and a clay . pipe . The master of the family was a very intelligent , chubby old man , with grey hair , a pair of twin spectacles , but no pipe . After ascertaining that I was " not in , the . trade , " and that I knew as much about the secrets of "dents" and shute" as about the mysteries of Kleusis , he made me extremely welcome , and we had a long gossip together . In . his workroom stood four looms , one of them the invention of the celebrated weaver of Lyons . - When I entered , the master of the house was . instructing a girl , in the management of the loom . He straig htway left his pupil , and , having heard my errand , launched headforemost into a sea of silk-weaving reminiscences .

      I shall not attempt to classify the topics which 1 found scribbled in my note-book . In conversations with working men , it is almost impossible to keep them to the point , and perhaps a more vivid idea is given of . the . colloquy , and especially of the principal interlocutor , by putting on paper his chat , rambling and disjointed as ft was uttered . " Remember better , times ? That do I well . Twenty-six years ago we had 13 d . a yard for what we have 3 _Jd . now . -It _* B the machinery—the machinery as has donejt - —forsee that Jacquard , and the silk in it ( there ~ are many hundred Jaoquavds hereabouts)—well , the weaving of that silk used to be 3 s . a wd . What is it now ?; Why , Is . 3 d . About thirty vears ' ago we were mostly cotton

      weavers hereaway . But the power-looms flung us out ofwork _. and we were nigh starved . Then , sir . there came gentlemen from Lunnon , from Spitalfields ( of course as you come from Lunnon you know Spitalfields ) , and they took down silk hero and they set us to work on it . We was . very glad to get the chance . But the masters was using us , tobflte do _* _jn the Spitalfields weavers . Somo of them ,, sir—the weavers I mean—came down here ; but their old masters wouldn't employ , no , not never a man on them , because they would want their old wages and old rules . That was tbe way , sir , that silk weaving became so general hereaway .. Well , but wo was

      soon served Just as we had served : the Spitalfields folk . There ' s a place called Leigh , hot far from hero , where there was then a heap of handT loom weavers as wrought cottons and ' such liko . Well , after some time / our masters didn't g ive us our due , and so we combined arid , bad . a . strike . What did the masters do but took the work . . to Leig h from Middleton , just as they didfrojh Spitalnelds to Middleton , ' and the weavers at Leigh wrought at biib ha'penny a yard less than we did . To be sure they was glad to get the _worfcat almost any _^ price , The . wages are not : very . different , now , but there _arejgripvous and unjust _^ _abatements .. . The masters are some of them honourable ' good ' meri- _^ but soma of them _^ very-tyrannous . -They were very tyrai >

      ^— Thb Condition Of England.-. Question....

      nous mthis _wayl _^ Le _^ weavers collected information as to abatements _. and printed it in a book . . [ I have the pamphlet _before mo . ] ; * v " ery often , sir ,, there was _one-andr ' sixpence *" _- _'two- . _and-sixpebce unjustly 'bated out . of , a week ' s work . The poor people could not live under it , They couldn't . " _^ Some folks . live in their , own houses—but I don t . This better , nor factory' work ... Aye , that it is .., Tou see you keep your children at ' home about you , and you don ' t lose control over them . We live very friendly like . There be all sorts here , but we re good folk the ' gether . When the children are ten or twelve yearB old we put them . to the loom ,

      but we must attend them , you know , and teach : j " ¦ 5 _, talies longt 0 mak ( " them perfect in the trade . There ' s many drawbacks to a weaver ' s work . Sometimes it takes a week to gate a loom . " ( Prepare it for a web of particular fineness ) . I heard . say that in Spitalfields all that is done at the master _s but here we do it ourselves . How do we { iy ?? Well ; there ' s not much flesh meat eaten . There would be a dealmorc if we could get it . But there stay , ( the Lancashire peasant invariably pronounces the word more Hibernico ) , there ' s tay , and bread and booter—that's ready cooking . In this family we only have an ounce of tay a week ; but l'llju 8 t tell you how we live in homely Lancashire sort . Well , we have tay and bread and booter

      morn-ing and afternoon . ' At' dinner we have potatoes , and perhaps a little meat . Here ' s in this house a family of four or five , as it may be . Well , at the end of the week wo buy two or three pounds of beefand that ' s all the flesh meat we have till next week . So we make it into as many , dinners as we can scheme . We cook may b » half a pound at a time , to give the potatoes a flavour like . But what ' s that for eating ?; Why , my Bbare at meal times is not bigger nor my thumb . So I often throw it in and take a fried ingan and two or three drops of vinegar to relish the potatoes . That ' s about our general way of living . To be sure we may get a living in spring time when the spring fashions come ; but very often we ' ve been getting into debt in the

      winter ; and . first , you know , we _muat keep : our credit ; and then there's clothes want renewing . _Teatotallers here ? "Ay , there be few on em ; but we ' re all very moderate . I like my glass of ale myself , and I like good company , and a good joke ; and soom ' mut to laugh at , I do . I like , to . sing a song t 00 i " , . Hpw the conversation , turned round I do not remember _; but the next entry I have , upon my note book is , that the old gentleman was fond riot only of a good song , but that' he was especially fond of reading the " _Skootehings "• which Cobbett used to give to people ho didn t like . ; Then we got back to convivial matters , and so gradually to the subject of tbe morale of the village .

      " We ' ve got a rural police here . But , Lord ! we hav ' nt no more use for them nor you have for water in your boots . There ' s threo policemen , and tbe devil a thing they have . to do but . walk _aboujt with their hands in their pockets , like gentlemen . Why , they hav ' nt had a job this three months ; except , may be , when a chap gets droonk-like . The sergeant , as they call him , thinks . it quite ridiculous . He lays he never saw such people . If he offends one he offends all . We like each other so well ; and wo turn out after dinner and have a great . talk about politics , and what they ' re doing in Lunnon , and smoke our . pipes .. We have long discussions—we ' re great chaps for politics—and we just go , into each others houses and talk . I like to be idle myself

      sometimes—I dare say you do , too , Yes , of course you do .. _--. Well , then , when I feel idle , I go and walk about in the fields may be , and work harder to make up for it after . " The hand-loom' system here appears , so far as family is concerned , to exercise exactly the opposite effect of the factory system . The Middleton weaver keeps not only his _. sons and daughters , but often . his sons and daughters , inlaw , long about him , ; while the children who are top old for the heavy labour ofthe loom , turn the winding ' wheel , and prepare the glistening silk for the frame . They are great politicians the good folks of Middleton , and occasionally given to lazy fits , during which smoking , sauntering , and chatting listlessly are the

      amusements most in vogue . The women very _frequently smoke , but it is always witb some pseudo-medical excuse . They feel a * 'rising " or a " sinking , " or a headache , or a toothache , or any ache , or no ache at all . A curious indication of the prevailing shade ef . radical politics in the , village is afforded by the parish register , the people having a fancy for christening their children ' after the hero of the minute . Thus , a generation or so back , Henry Hunts were as common as blackberries—a crop of Feargus 0 ' Connors replaced them—and . latterly they have a few green sprouts labelled Ernest -Tones . A very small proportion of the weavers only labour in the fields ; but in many farm-houses around there , are looms which the women work during the long winter evenings . The Spitalfields hobby of pigeon fancying is not uncominjon , particularl y among the young men ; and pigeon matches , which , give rise to a good deal of gambling , are frequent . The

      birds are taken some miles away , and then flown back to tbeir home ' s . Respecting the abatement system , the Chronicle ' s correspondent observes that , in a pamphlet published by the Leigh weavers' committee upon the subject , one fact most damning to the masters , if true , is broadly asserted—viz ., that the weavers who are abated the most , and who , consequently , were the abatements justly made ; must be the worst workmen , received by far the greatest share of labour from the employers . Many of the cases reported by the committee in question seem harsh and cruel to the last degree . As regards the amount of these abatements , I may mention , quoting at random from a great mass of tabular statistics , that out of £ 2 G 5 10 s . 8 d . of wages nominally earned by 171 weavers , £ 4512 s . 3 d . was abated on account of real or alleged imperfections in the fabrics , being an average of 6 s . 4 d . clipped from each man ' s pay .

      The Slopworkers Of, London. My First Ste...

      THE SLOPWORKERS OF , LONDON . My first step was to introduce myself to one of the largest " _slopsellers" at the East-end of the town ; and having informed the firm that I was about te examine into the condition and incomes of the slopworkers of London , I requested to know whether thoy would have any objection to furnish me with the list ef prices that they were in the habit of paying to their workpeople , so that on my visiting the parties themselves—as I frankly gave them to understand I purposed . doing—I . might be able to compare the operatives' statements as to prices with theirs , and thus be able to check the one with the other . Indeed , I said I thought it but fair that the emnloyer should have an opportunity of having his

      say as well as the employed . I regret to saythat I was not met with the candour that I had . been led to expect . One of the firm wished to know why I had singled their house out from the rest of the trade . ' I told him I did so merely because it was one of the largest in the business , and assured him that , SO far from ihy having any personal object in my visit , I made it a point never to allude by name to any employer or workman to whom I might have occasion to refer . My desire , I said , was to deal with principles rather than persons ; whereupon I was informed that the firm would havo no objection to acquaint me with the prices paid by other houses in the trade . . " If you merely wish to arrive at the principle of the _slopbusiness , this , " said one ofthe

      partners , •¦ will he quite sufficient for your purpose . " Though I pressed for some more definite and particular information . from the firm , I could obtain nothing from them but an assurance that a statement should be . written put for me immediately as to the general custom of the trade . * * We entered a dirty-looking bouse by " a side entrance . Though it was noonday , the staircase was so dark that we were forced to grope our way by the wall up to the first floor . ; Here , in ; a small back room , about eight feet , square , we found , no fewer than seven workmen , with their coats aid shoes off , _seatedcroBS-legged onthe floor , busy stichingthe different parts of different garments . The floor was strewn with sleeve-boards , irons , and snips . of

      various coloured cloths . In one corner of the room was a turn-up bedstead , with the washed-out chintz curtains drawn partly in front of it . AcroBs a line which ran from one side of the apartment to the other were thrown the coats , jackets , and cravats ofthe workmen . Inside the rusty grate was a hat , and on one of the hobs rested a pair of old cloth boots ; _Iwhile leaning against the bars in front there stood a ,, sack , full of cuttings . ; Beside the workmen on the floor sat two good-lookirtg girlsone cross-legged like the men—engaged in tailoring . . ¦ ' ¦ ' ¦¦ . My companion having acquainted the workmen with the object of my visit , they , one and all expressed themselves ready to answer any questions that I might , put to them . They made dress and frock coats , they told me Chesterfields , fishing coats , paletots , Buller ' s monkey jackets , beavers , shooting coats , trowsers _; Vests , sacks , Codringtons , Trinity cloaks , and coats , and indeed every , other

      kind of woollen garment . . They worked for tho ready-made houses , or . " slopsellers . " " One of us , " said they , "gets work from the warehouse , and gives it but to others . The-houses pay difiereht- prices . Dress coats , from 5 s 6 d . to 0 s 9 d . ; frock coats the ; same ; shooting coats , from . _i 2 s . 6 d . to 2 s . 9 d . ; . In . the summer time , when trade is busy , they pay 3 s .. Chesterfields , from 2 s . Od . to , 3 s ,, some are made for ' 2 s . ; paletots , from 2 s . Cd . to 3 s . " " Ay , and two days work for any man , ' cried one ofthe tailors with a withered leg , " and buy his own trimmings , white and black _. cotton , gimp , and pipeclay . "! "Yes , " exclaimed another , ' . ' and _we- hnve : to j buy . wadding for . dress , coats ; and soon , I suppose , wo shall have to buy cloth and all together . " ¦¦ ' Tro'wsers from . ' ls . od . to , 3 s ; waistQ ' oats * ft om ls . 'Cd ; to Is . 9 d / ' -Dressandfrook coats will _takeitwb' days _^ and a half ito make each ' , calculating . the _day : fromi six ; in .:. the , morning' till seven at , night . _jj but three days is the regular . time " . Shooting , _coatsJwilLtaK . eVtwo ' . ' days ; . Chesterfields take the * " same time ' as 'drei ' s ' and . '' fteok coats '; _paletotsj two days '; trowsers , one day ;*¦•'• ' * •"' ' _''"•' - " The master -here" ' ¦" _. ( _said ' onoof them scarcely

      The Slopworkers Of, London. My First Ste...

      • disti hluishable _^^ warehouse at the before-mentioned pr ices : he ei _ves it , out ; tous ; atthesame price , paying us _* when lie receives the money . We are never seen at the shop . . Out of _, the prices the master . , here deducts 4 _s . por week _pei- 'hefld for our- cup of '' tea ' or coffee in the morning ; and teain the evening , and burbed . ' We slepp two In a bed here , and some of us three In most places the , workmen eatj drink , and sleep in one .. room ; . as .. many aB . ever the room will contain . They'd put twenty in < one room if they conld . " ' I should like to see the paper _tbis'll be printed in , " cried the man' with the withered leg . " Oh , it'll be a good job , it should be known . , We should be ; glad if the whole world heard it , so that

      the people should know our situation , I ' ve worked very hard this week , __ as hard as any man . I ' ve worked from seven in the morning till elven at night , and my earnings will _belSs _.-this week ; and deducting my 4 s . out of that , and my trimmings besides—The trimmings comes to about Is . 9 d . per week—which makes 5 s . Sd . altogether , and that will leave me Is .- 3 d . for my earnings all the week , Sunday included . It ' s very seldom we have a Sunday _walking out . We ' re _obliged to work on Sunday all the same . We should lose our shop if we didn ' t . 8 s . is the average wages take tho year aU through . Out of this 8 s . we have to deduct expenses of lodging , trimmings , washing , and light , which comes to Ss . 9 d . We can't get a coat to our backs . "

      I inquired as to the earnings of the others , Well , it ' s np . arly just tbe same , take one with another , all the year round . We work all about the same hours—all the lot of us . The wages are lower than they were this time . twelvemonth , in 1848—that they are , by far , and heavier work too . I think there ' s a . fall of 6 d . in each job at the lowest calculation . ' ' Ah , that there is , " said another ' a 3 s . job we

      don ' t have 2 s . 6 d . for now . ' . ' Yes , it is causing half of the people , ' cried a third , ¦ to be thieves and robbers . That ' s true . Wages were higher in 1847—they ' re ¦ coming down now every year . The coats tbat they used to pay 5 s . for this time two years , tbey are making for . 38 . , 6 ( 4 , . at present—the very same work , but a deal heavier than it was _, two years ago' -This . time twe ' . veraonth we made coats for 7 s . _j and 5 s . this yearis all . we have for the same ' . Prices have come

      down jinore . than ; a , quarter , — . indeed about half , during these last ten years . I ' m sure I dont know what ' s the ' cause of it . The master , first says , I can ' t give . no more than such a price for making such an article ,: Then the man * objects to it , and says he can't live by it ; as ' soon as he objects , to it ,, the master . will . give bim no more work . We really are tbe prey of . the master , and cannot help ourselves . Whatever he offers we are obliged to accept , or else ( to starve . ' ' Yes , yes , ' said they all , -. that ' s the real fact . And if . we don't take his offer , somebody else will , that ' s the truth , for we haye no . power to _Btand out against it . The ! workhouse "'' . _won'tvfiave us—we must either go thieve , or take the price in

      the long run . There ' s a standing price in the regular trade , but not in this . The regular trade is 6 d . an . hour . The . regulars . work , only from-six in the morning till seven at night , and only do ' bespoke ' " ; work . But we are working for the slop shops or warehouses , and they keep a large stock of ready-made goods . We ' re called underthe-bed workers , . or workers for the ' sweaters . All the persons , who work for wholesale houses are ' sweaters . ' Single workmen , cannot get the work from tbem because they cannot give security— - _£ 5 in money , or a shopkeeper must be responsible for that amount . Those who cannot give security are obliged to . work for' sweaters . ' The reason for the warehouses requiring this security is , because they

      pay so badly for the work they are afraid to trust the journey man with it . But in the regular trade , sucb as at the West-end , they require no security whatever . In the slop trade the journeymen do not keep Monday—they can't do it , Sunday nor Monday either—if they do they must want for food .- ' Since we've been working at slop trade we find ourselves far worse off than when we were working at , the , regular trade . The ; journeymen of the slop trade are unable to earn 13 s . where the regular journeyman can , earn 30 s ., and then we have to find our own . trimmings and candle light . I'd sooner be transported than at this work . Why , then , at least , I'd ' have regular houra for work and for sleep ; but now I'm harder worked and worse fed than a cab-horse . ' ( To i > 4 _Continued . )

      30uultc &Mu0em-Mt#

      _30 uultc _& mu 0 em-mt _#

      Drury-Lane /Theatre. On Tuesday Night Fi...

      DRURY-LANE / THEATRE . On Tuesday night Ficsco was repeated at this theatre , when it was more favourably received than on the first night . The performance was brought within / three hours' duration , and the applause throughout was frequent . It ' was due to the great reputation of Schiller tbat one bf his tragedies should have the benefit of a full trial . The piece is extremely well put on the stage , and the richness of the costumes and decorations , and the beauty of

      some of the scenic representations and of tho general mise en scene , evince a desire on the part ot the management not to spare expense in what is technically termed " mounting" new pieces . At the close of tho performance Mr . Anderson was called for . He briefly thanked the audience for having shown more _indulgence than on the first night ; and expressed a hope that in his future exertions he would better deserve encouragement Mr . "Vandenhofi was also called before the curtain . The play has received some further judicious alterations ; and it is certainly worth a visit to the theatre .

      Royal Polytechnic Institution. Some Very...

      ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . Some very splendid specimens of crayon drawings have just been added to the wonders in this institution , and certainly surpass all hitherto exhibited in that department of the art . -They are the productions of Mons . Isidore Magues , a French artist , lately arrived in this country . This gentleman's style ot producing effects is quite , new , the finish being more perfect than any we have seen ; resembling more the fresco than any other drawing , so highly is the finish , and life-like the effect . The female portrait is a most charming production . : It represents a celebrated dancer , Madam Michaux , and is no doubt a most faithful likeness—if we may judge by the . portraits of several of our

      friendsalso productions of this talented artist . ' The portraits are five in number , but we understand they will be changed till the whole 'have been exhibited . It is the intention , we have been informed , of this fentleman to open an academy for ladies , this style _eing preferable to oil painting , as drawings of this class may be executed in a drawing-room , where the former would be prohibited from its disagreeable odour , and dirt occasioned by its use . We trust our friends will lose no time in visiting this temple of art and science , and view these beautiful productions—for they must be seen to , be appreciated ; and we are well assured thoy will not be disappointed by the treat tbat awaits them .

      Juvenile Offendbbs.—According . To A Par...

      Juvenile _Offendbbs . —According . to a Parliamentary return issued on Saturday last , ( obtained by Mr . Monckton Millies , ) there were in 1847 as many as 11 , 195 juvenile offenders ( 11 , 100 in England , and 95 in Wales ) committed to prison , and intho next year 11 , 756 ( 11 , 651 in England ,.. and 105 in Wales ) , making in the two years 22 , 951 . The offenders were all under seventeen years of age . It appears from the document that there are seventeen places in England in the nature of charitable institutions for affording temporary retugo to young offenders when discharged from prison . In tbo county of Chester there are three ; in Devon one ; in Gloucester one ; in Lancaster two ; in Middlesex two ; in Norfolk one ; in Nottingbam one ; in Somerset one ; in Surrey two ; in Sussex one ; : in Warwick one ; and in York ono . When the returns were made in -July last there were I , I 76 juvenile offenders undergoing sentence . The returns extend

      to thirteen pages , and contain a good deal of _information as lo the conviction of juvenile offenders ; Cheap Law . —Petitions to both houses ' ' of parliament have been numerously : sighed in Lincoln praying that the jurisdiction of' the County- Courts may be extended to causes involving larger amounts than £ 20 , including suits , _determinable in the Common Law , Equity , and _^ Ecclesiastical Courts , Charities , Ac , Another set of petitions represents that whore the Courts of Bankruptcy are * distant from the residence of the debtor and his creditors , evils occur of tlie same nature-as presented themselves in tlie _. _instance . _ofdebts under £ 20 previously to the establishment of the new County Courts ; and ! the petitions suggest that aii . appropriate remedy may be found in tne extension 01 the jurisdiction of the County Courts to all _caaes where the probable assets ofthe bankrupt shall not amount to £ 300 or £ 400 , and where the residence ofthe bankrupt is at an inconvenient distance from a court . . ¦/ :,. /

      Launch , op one . of inn Noeth Amemcan " . Mail Steamers , —At Greenock , on the 3 lst ult ., there , was launched , froni the buiiding-prd of Messrs . Robert : Steelei and Co ' ., ' the British and North 'Amerioan mail- steam-ship 'Asia . ' This is the largest vessel belonging ; to . the company , > or _thatiuasj yet been . laui-. ched from any ; building yard inthe ; Clyde . He , r , leBgth _,. Js 265 feet , breadth , _. _thirty-s _^ ven _^ eet _. _i a ; _id' ; _tonn 3 _gft _? , _2204 ons ,, " n _/* n : „ _^ _. _mde _^ is inuoh aumired . by cbmpetehtjudges ;" and she . is expected fully"to ' _siistam the reputatibn . w thq . Cunardline _? have acbieved for _theirapidity and punctuality ¦ ofitheir _voyagesswross the Atlantic ; .

      •-¦- .* ;-- . •"•;. ;-^' Art*Pni?*- * ""

      _• _- ¦ - . * _; _-- . _•"•; . ; - _^' _arT _* _pni ?* - _* ""

      •Tne Future Heroafter, Perhaps,' The Nat...

      • TnE Future heroafter , perhaps , ' the native , of tho 8 e ' _couhtries , wliom Europeans have long tyrannised over , may grow stronger as those of Europe may grow weaker , and the _inhabitants of all the different quarters of thc world may arrive at that equality of courage and force " , wbich , by inspiring mutual fear , can alone overawe the injustice of independent nations into some sort of respect for tho rights of ono another . But nothing seems more likely to establish this equality of force than that En utui _> 1 consummation of knowledge , and of all sorts of improvements which an extensive commerce trom all countries to all countries , naturally , or gjgg "leceshanly , carries along with it . ~ Adam

      A Tragedy . —That one man should die ignorant who had a capacity for knowledge , this I call a tragedy . —Carlyle . The following was a puzzle to thc best readers in the Post-office for somo time :-. " Serum Fridavi Londres .- " when , by reading the address aloud . ' with the Trench as well as the English sound of the _vowles , it was solved in— " Sir Humphry Bavy London . " : " : How tub _Lawvebs camk by their Patron Saint . —And now because I am speaking of pettyfogers , give me leave to tell you a story , I _mett with when I lived in Rome . Goeing with a llomane to see some Antiquitycs , he showed me a chapcll dedicated to ono St . _Bvona , a lawyer of Brittanio , who he said came to Rome to entreat tbe Pope to give tbe lawyers of Brittanie a patron , to which the Pope replied , That he knew of no Saint but whatwas disposed of to the other professions . At which Kvona

      was very sad , and earnestly Degd of the Popo to think of one for him . At last the Pope proposed to St . Evona that ho should goe round the church of St . John de Latera blindfould , and after he had said so many Ave Marias-, that the first Saint he layd hold of should bo his patron , which the good old lawyer willingly undertook ; and at the end of bis Ave Maryeshe stopt at Saint Michels altar , where he layd hold of the Direll , under _fiaint Michels feet , and cryd out . This is our Saint , let him be our Patvon . So being unblindfoldcd , and seeing what a patron he had chosen , be went to his lodgings so dejected , that in a few _moneths after he die'd . —Notes and Queries . Tub Paris papers state that Madame George Sand has-sold the copyright of her " Memoirs" to a publisher for rather more than £ 5000 .

      It has been learned that there is high poetry in common life , and , betore long , di gnity will be discovered in hhonv . —Electric Review . Time in the long run will give the victory ; to Truth . Be nOt therefore afraid _toenlist under her banner : the conflict may be fierce and long , but thclaurel wreath will be won at the close . Ever y one to his Taste .-lately , at a publichouse at Gotham , a party of " wise men" sat down to supper , the dainty dishes before them being two large rat pies . " The " game" was caught and supplied by the Gotham rat-catcher . Among this party of epicures were three butchers of jSbUin ' g-

      nam . At tne conclusion ot tho repast , there was not even a bone left for the cat to pick . A few days ago one of the same party , having his hands tied behind him , worried a large rat in two minutes , for the small sum of sixpence . —Nottingham Journal . A Dumb Woman . —It is said that a girl in Pittsfield , Mass ., was struck dumb by tbe firing ofa cannon . Since then it is said that a number of married men have invited the artillery companies to come and discharge their pieces on their premises .: In Loch-Shiejmluig _, in the _Highlanda K there is a small rock island , a crevice In whicli affords a home for three very incongruous companions—a hawk , a rock pigeon , and an owlet—wliich have lived there , in the greatest harmony , for years .

      Active Woman . —Aa a general rule , noisy woman do much less than they seem to do , and quiet wo . men often do more . But does not follow that all quiet women are active ; on the contrary , six out of ten are indolent ; and work only on compulsion . Indolent women have their good points , and one of the most valuable of these is their quietness ; it is a great luxury in domestic life ; but , perhaps , itis a luxury which is too expensive for a poor man , unless he can get it combined with activity . The wife of a poor man , no matter what his profession br position , ought to be active in the best sense ofthe word . She ought to rule her house with diliigenee , but make no boast of it . Her managing powers ought to be confined to her own house , and never be sent out to interfere with her neighbours . Her activity should be kept healthy by beins- exercised

      upon important matters chiefly , though the trifles must not be disregarded . A woman who will make herself uuhappy because the usual custom of cleaning the house on Friday is , on a particular occasion , inevitably infringed , is inadequate to perceive tHe difference between the lesser and the greater . Some active women , who pride themselves on their housekeeping , seem to forget that the object of _keeping a house is , that human beings may be accommodated in it ; their sole idea seems to be this , that the object of keeping a house , is that the house may be __ kept in a certain form and order , and to tht maintenance of this form and order they sacrifice the comfort the , house was established to secure . Such active woman are pests to society , because they want sense to direct and control tbeir energies .

      _ine IRISH church establishment . " The longer one lives the more one learns , " Said I as off to sleep I went , Bemused with thinking of tythe concerns , And reading a book by the Bishop of Ferns On tho Irish Church Establishment . But lo ! in sleep not long I lay When Fancy her usual tricks began , And I found myself bewitch'd away To a goodly city in _Hindoostan : A city , where he who dares to dine On ought but rice , is deemed a sinner ; Where sheep and kine are held divine , And , accordingly , never _drest for dinner , " But how is this , " I wondering cried , As I walked that city far and wide , And saw in every marble street ,

      A row of beautiful butohers' shops" What means for men who can't eat meat , This grand display of loins and chops V In vain I ask'd— 'twas plain to see , That nobody'dar'd to answer me . So on from street to street I strode : And you can ' t conceive how vastly odd The butchers look'd : a roseate crew _Inshrined in stalls with nought to do : While some on a bench half dozing sat , And the sacred cows were not more fat . Still posed to think what all this scene Of sinecure trade was meant to mean .

      " And pray , " asked I , " by whom is paid The expense of this strange masquerade ?" " The expense—ob _, that ' s of course defray'd " ( Said ono of those well-fed hecatombers ) " By yonder rascally rice-consumers . " " What ! they who must _' nt eat meat ?"— " No matter , " ( And while he spoke his cheeks grow fatter , ) " The rogues may munch their Paddt crop , But the rogues must still support our shop : And , depend upon it , tho way to treat , Heretical stomachs that thus disBent , Is to burden all that won't eat meat __ _,-With . a costly meat Establishment . "

      Lord Rosse ' s Telescope . —The naked eye can see twelve times farther into space than the distance of the stars ofthe first magnitude . These stars are at a distance so great that th « light of them has to travel ten years Defore reaching the earth , ' so that we can perceive stars without a glass whose light required . 120 years to travel here . Lord Rosso's telescope , which is 500 times more powerful ,- enables us to descry a single star at a distance so tremendous , that , notwithstanding the marvellous velocity with which light travels , its light before reaching us would require 60 , 000 years to cross the intervening gulf ! Trade , legislation , philosophy , and literature , are all getting more and more imbued with element which , whilst they are in motion , will never suffer despotism either in the shape of oligarchy or monarohy .

      Colleges in Russia . —Every now and then wi receive fresh intimations of the disfavour in whick every _means-of culture not connected with military science ia held in Russia . The last few days have brought in a report that by a stroke of the pen two of tho best schools in St . Petersburg-i-the Alexander Lyceum and tbe School of Jurisprudence —have , been converted into military academies . Henceforth _^ the professors must be officers in tho imperial army , and . are to receive their appointments from the Prince of Oldenburgb . " ¦ _ Tub _tiriues are all parts of a circle . Whatever is humane is wise ; whatever is wise is just {' whatever is wise , just , and humane , will be found to be the true interests of states , whether criminal or foreign enemies are the objects of their , legislation . —An American Essay . ' tit . _Truiii is the daughter of Timo _. —Iom . Bacon .

      Thk Italians refuse to mingle with their Austrian invaders throughout the peninsula . There are three things that never beoome rusty ; — The money of the benevolent , the shoes ofthe butcher ' s horse , and the woman ' s tongue . — Welsh saying . TiiE . PREss . —The press sends forth in the daily papers a printed surface which amounts in the year to 349 , 308 , 000 superficial feet ; and if we add to these all the papers , that are printed , weekly and fortnightly , in the-metropolis and the provincos , tho whole amounts ; _tOfl _^ i 66 ' 150 , 000 square feet , upon which the ' . press has'lcft ; ' iii legible characters , tho proof of i _^ s labours . ' _^ Of the newspapers , ' fherefore _» thatihave been published m the United Kingdom during tho year 1849 ,.. we . may say , _'that < : they would cover a- Burface of 38 ; C 68 aor _^ s , or would extend- , if jbinedone to another tol 38 , 843 ; miles ; that is , they would nearl y _six , ' time 5 encircle , th _^ ' eartn at the equator . ' _¦•<¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ -

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 9, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_09021850/page/3/