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TO THE WORKING CLASSES
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My dear Friends , It has always been my ...
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C&art&t intelligence*
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Bilsio.**.*—The friends of freedom at Sr...
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furthcoming meetings. Assembly Rooms, 83...
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•gational £anfc Company
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Alva.—A general meeting of the members o...
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FORTHCOMING MEETINGS. South London Hall....
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TIIE CHARTER AND NO SURRENDER ! GREAT ME...
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Lkctures bt Mr Ernkst Jonks at tub Peopl...
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Metropolitan Imfrovembnts.—Preparations ...
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AND NATIONAL HADES' JOURNAL. * ' ¦ Kt''-...
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VOL. X NO. 494. LONDON, SATURDAY, AfRIL ...
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POLAND'S REGENERATION. r- T ^ efi !?« ™ ...
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FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DEMOCRATIC CO...
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latest $eto$
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METROPOLITAN. Accident at ths Home-offic...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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To The Working Classes
TO THE WORKING CLASSES
My Dear Friends , It Has Always Been My ...
My dear Friends , It has always been my study to furnish you frith useful information , which , if properly applied , would guide you in your various pursuits . The darling object of my life has been to render myself as useful as possible to your order ; while , as I have not lived upon your credulity or made profit of your prejudices , my instruction may have lacked that intensity of interest insp ired by the froth y epistles of writers who pander to human weakness and pardonable susceptibility . I am frequentl y driven to the necessity of recurring to my past predictions , and too often neglected admonitions . .. ..
Two grave and wei g hty questions which you imagine are either " disposed of . or in course of easy settlement , are now in the scales—the question of FAMINE and of FREE TRADE ; and to those I mean to call your attention , as I believe the hour has arrived when your eyes are opened to thebelief that your fortunes and fate may be made to depend , and may be much affected , by matters anAtransactions in which you have heretofore thought you had no earthly concern . Not long since you could not be broug ht to believe
that the marriage of a little Spanish girl , the speculation ofthe Russian Autocrat , or the sensibility of OUR ambassador ut Paris , would in any way affect your humble fare , or regulate your household . You bave looked upon the form of Government as a kind of magic thing in which you had no other concern than the elevation of some plausible leader , and his triumph yon looked upon as a national victory , losing sig ht of the fact that , when merged in the representative mass , he was but as a drop o water in the ocean . Now , attend to my facts : —
In the early discussions on Free Trade , I told you , thousands of times , that it mattered not by what law the Legislature mi g ht regulate the wholesale price of corn , so lonjc as the importer , the corn merchant , the miller , the factor , the baker , and the huckster , had the power of regulating the value ofthe RETAIL LOAF p laced on your table . I told you that the manufacturers would find they had "CAUGHT A TARTAR , " that the shopkeepers would be
taught their folly , and that the unrepresented would be made to bear the wei g ht of the experiment . I told you , and every one of out resolutions went to proclaim the fact , that Monopoly was unsound in principle , but that we required such an adjustment as would turn the change to national instead of class purposes . Now , have not those been our sentiments , and am I not truly stating facts for you ? I told you that I did not dread Free Trade if those for whose benefit it was to be
achieved , were insured the promised advantages ; but—and mark this—what I did dread was the THREE YEARS of revolution and _alternations-changesand upsets , whichmust inevitabl y follow the removal ofthe key-stone which had so long supported the social arch , and upon which every social transaction , from the price of Government stock to the standard of wages , was based . I was met b y the cry , that increased
demand for goods would lead to an increased demand fur labour , by which wages would be regulated ; and I reminded you that the foreigner would not take more of our manufactured goods than he wished , but would take onr gold in preference , and that the abstraction of that metal would reduce your wages , and compel employers to dispense with your services . I reminded you , that if five or six millions were sent out of the
country for food , or if five or six millions worth of food was sunk in the ocean , that the result would be tremendous ; while upon the other hand , if twenty millions ' worth of manufactured goods were consigned to the deep , it would be a godsend ; and my intention , in all my writings upon the subject , was to familiarize you with the difference between the value of productive and non-productive labour , aud to teach you the value of the land , from whence you could coin your own medium of exchange for all the necessaries , comforts and luxuries of life : and yet vou never would string these
things together . This year you have a taste of dear bread and low wages , thai has been the first result ; next year you will have a reaction —bread for a SON G , and no wages to buy it with ; and thus you will remember another of my maxims , THAT CHEAP AND DEAR are relative terms , and that the quartern loaf at a penny would be dear to the man who had not the penny wherewith to buy it . Now , fixity of tenure , to enable the * farmers to speculate for themselves instead of for their landlords , the total confiscation of Church property , and its application to national purposes ,
the equalization of the national debt , the payment to be equitably apportioned amongst those for whose preservation it was contracted , the regulation of taxes and equalization of personal engagements and liabilities to the new standard established !)) ' FREE TRADE , —all these , one and all , together with many other arrangements , sbould have preceded the new order of things ; whereas now they must invariabl y follow , and , as ia everything else , the Whigs have put the cart before the horse , and will be compelled to do at last what they should have done at first . They always make
the gap first , and then look round for a bush to stop it . If I have now brought you to the belief that your comforts may be affected and considerably abridged , nay , that your lives may depend upon that monetary system , of which you have never taken the slightest notice , I have prepared you for the following piece of intelligence . Since August last FOUR MILLIONS OF GOLD has gone to the foreigners for food which you might have produced at home . Now for another fact . Yesterday ( Wednesday ) the great Rothschilds ' sent four hundred thousand
pounds worth of their paper to the Bank of England for cash to buy food ; hut the Bank , for the first t : me since its establishment , returned aU but ninety thousand . Here , then , is a crash—here , then , is warning ; and if you turn to the Star of November last , you will there find , that , while the Times and the Free Trade papers were speculating upon increased demand for goods and labour , I told
you tbat tbe first shock would come from tbe monetary system ; and is it not so ? AU the corn-growing countries in the world are now preparing produce for the rich market of the world newly opened to them , and , as I have eften reminded you , the glut here , and not the price g iven there , will regulate the p rice here , and the farmers , now on the high horse , will have their taste of Free Trade next
year ; the manufacturers , shopkeepers and operatives are now havir _. g their taste . Now , observe what must be the next move . Russell is _mortgaging the Irish landlords to the State , and he is quite ri g ht , but , like the reform-machinery Peel , will come in and will say to the mortgaged landlords , " Now or never , the Irish Church must go or you must go . " Which shall it be ? and who can doubt OS to
what the answer will be— " To with the Church . ' It was with this view ; that Lord'Lincoln was sent to Manchester as a feeler . Now , all those things will come out of time and when you will have suffered ; whereas , if done in time , all suffering might have been Spared , and the idle , non-producing parsons would , by this time , have been partly , trained as ploughmen , agricultural labourers , and so forth .
? Now , one word about the Famine . The Times is boasting what England has done for Ireland , and tbis morning ( Thursday ) has a very able and powerful article upon the idleness and improvidence of the Irish people ; but the Times mistakes cause for effect . The Irish are not idle , but there is , in that country , a tax upon the poor man ' s industry , as I have very often shown you ; for instance , * termer gets possession of land , but no lease , or a bad lease , and the moment he improves his land he is put out , and , therefore , he has . a
My Dear Friends , It Has Always Been My ...
direct interest in not improving it and in not employing more labour than is actuall y necessary to keep the hut over his head and grow him enough of potatoes . M y answer to this charge of idleness is , thnt when the Irish people have an inducement to labour , they work like slaves . For instance , they pave your streets , mount to the top of your buildings , reap your harvest , from dayli ght to dark , and work like galley-slaves on your railways . Do these facts , then , furnish any proof of idleness ? And , as to the boast of English munificence , I merely ask you to take up the import note of all sorts of food
from Ireland for the last three years , and compare its value with the vaunted grant of ten millions now given to purchase security for the rich in that country ; and upon whose side stands the balance ? Because corn is now coming in , although it was predicted that there was not enough in the world to suppl y the demand , our rulers foolishly presume that the present stop-gap will put an end to the famine-question and to Irish suffering . Now , working men , my object is to prepare you for the coming time , and I tell you that you have not yet seen the beginning of the end ; and , as I have told you a thousand times before , Free-trade is not yet
complete , and that the faction who carried the measure prematurely , and before the necessary arrangements to meet it were prepared , have yet to appl y the details b y which they hope to turn the principle to their own advantage . This will be the next great battle , and will have to be fought , firstly , out of doors , and lastly , in the House of Commons . One great object of public men should be to take the sting out of events . I am endeavouring to do that by placing as many as possible in a situation to make them independent of the machinations of Jews , jobbers , speculators , money-grubbers , traffickers , and
political pedlars , by placing each man in his own nest in the centre of his own labour field ; and to prove to you that I have not overstated the value of this position , I give you the following irrefutable statement , taken from the People ' s Journal of last week , and furnished by the person from whom I have given you a previous communication upon the subject , and I ask you to compare these calculations and the fascinations of a country life with what I have written upon the subject , and then let the Whistler , the W . C ., and the Hirelings , refute the plain and simple statement if they can . Here is the statement from the People ' s Journal •—
Spade _IIusBiSDRT . —Mr J . Gillclt , of _Ivelsall near Saxuiundham , Suffolk , purchased , in the year 1 S 13 . two acres ot" land , at the enormous sum ot £ 236 , and being fully convinced of the advantages oi spade husbandry , reiolved to abandon his former occupation of grocer , & c . and turn his attention to the cultivation of the land . In the spring of 1314 , he sedulously employed his time to attain iiis desired end . lie laboured hard for the first year with resolution firm , and mind cheerful , and at the
end of . the jear he tound his expectations realised ; the fuhWing year he was more _successful , and he has been progressing ever since . Upon his two acres he keeps two cows , and has fatted two hogs . Ue has but _one-and-a-quarter acre under cultivation , the rest is pasture . The following is a faithful statement of last year ' s profits , after keeping the eons , keeping aud fatting the hogs , finding himself and family with milk and vegetables of every description for the year , and also seed for this year ' s cropping .
" SOLD PRODUCE . £ s . d . Miik from Cows 34 S 7 k 1-3 Sacks of Potatoes ... at 12 s 7 16 0 0 Bushels of Wheat ... at 9 s 4 10 Vegetables 4 0 0 2 Hogs , lOst each , at 7 s per st . 7 0 0 £ 57 0 7 i " You see by tbis statement , thataman with two acres has no occasion to be iu want of food -r
clothing , but nuy live comfortable and happy ( as Gillett does ) , and the time occupied in cultivating it does not exceed 133 days out of the 305 . Thi ** statement can be fully corroborated by Mr _Gilieit , who states that he would not return to his former occupation , if any one offered him a situation at £ 150 per annum ; he further states , that if the seasons are favourable this year he shall be able to realise half as much again ; this proves thit the land is capable of maintaining all the sons of labour , if bnt allowed to work . — Thomas Newman .
" P . S . —I omitted to state . Mr Gillett hasa wife and two children . In another letter I will show how he cultivates his land , and how he gets three crops iu theyear off the same piece of ground . " There ' s the statement—not from Feargus O'Connor ; and aa the People ' s Journal promises another letter from Mr New-man more full upon the subject , buy the People s Journal . and you will read it a week earlier than you could read it in the Star . I am for encouraging every Journal that tells the plain and simple truth about a p lain and simple question . No _ev , here is an answer to two acres not keeping a cow ; and here is confirmation
of my value of the milk ofa cow , which I put down , without deduction for the famil y ' s use , at £ 18 5 s . a year , or £ 36 10 s . for two cows , while Mr Gillett , after his famil y ' s consumption , has realised £ 34 3 s . 7 id . Mr Gillett has given nearl y £ 120 an acre for his land , aud in less than three years will be able to pay that enormous price , and make himself proprietor in fee ; while the land I purchase will average about forty pounds , that is , three acres for the price he has given for one , b y buying it in the wholesale market . And you find that this excellent , industrious man would not accept of a situation of £ 3 a week ,
to leave his "Cold , quiet home , " and labour held . Yours faithfully , Fe \ rsV 3 O'Connor .
C&Art&T Intelligence*
C & art _& t intelligence *
Bilsio.**.*—The Friends Of Freedom At Sr...
Bilsio . ** . _*—The friends of freedom at Sraithwick , influenced by patriotic and benevolent feelings , have held a tea-party , the profits of which have been handed to me for the benefit of the old veteran , Daddy Richards , as the following note will show : — " Received from Mr Charles Brooke tbe sum of 12 $ ., being the profits of a tea-party held at Smith wick . — Joseph Lisnet . " Covbstbt . —On Tuesday evening last a public meeting was held for tbe adoption of the Aational Petition . Mr Faro , formerly social missionary , moved tbe first resolution , and explained and defended the principles of tbe Charter in a powerful speech . Mrllartlop seconded the resolution , which was unanimously adopted . Mr Buckney , towncouncillor , moved the adoption of the petition , which was unanimously carried . The chairman was Mr Gilbert , the winner of a two-acre allotment in tbe late ballot . The petition will lie for signature at several places in the town .
Metropoutax Coumutbe . —This body met on Wednesday evening , Mr Grassby in the chair . Several sums of money were handed in to enable the committee to give effect to ! their intentions . The deputation appointed to make inquiries aa to the price of theatres having reported , it was unanimously resolved to take a benefit at the Pavilion , _Whitechapel-road , on Wednesday , the 21 st instant . Messrs Shaw and Cummins were appointed a deputation to engage the Pavilion , and to complete other preliminary arrangements necessary for the occasion . After transacting some other _business the committee adjourned till Tuesday evening next _. wben it is hoped that localities hitherto unrepresented will have their delegates present . Pewteb Plattke . —Mr G . W . Wheeler lectured bere on Tuesday , the 6 th inst . At the close several questions were asked and replied to in a satisfactory manner by the lecturer . On Tuesday next Mr J . _Gsthard will lecture .
_UocHDAix . —On Sunday evening , Daniel Donovan lectured in the Chartist Boom , to a respectable and attentive audience , on Irish affairs , which gave great _satistaction .-On Tuesday . veaiwr . 4 tea party sad
Bilsio.**.*—The Friends Of Freedom At Sr...
ball was held in the Socialists' Institution , which was well attended . Mr Dixon ( of Manchester ) spoke on the Charter and Land for nearly an hour , and gave the greatest satisfaction . Shorbditch . — -On Wednesday evening last Mr T . M . Wheeler lectured nt Mr Taylor ' s _Coffee-home , 122 , Brick-lane , on ' The Effects of Bad Government . " After which , a Chartist locality was formed . Several _nauieB wereentered . Soao . _—Rkqistration _Committeb . — This committee ratt at 83 , Dean-street , _Stiho , on Tuesday evening , April 6 th . Mr M'Grath was called to the chair . Mr Godwin reported " that he had made application to some of the parochial authorities of Marylebone , and had no doubt that the workhouse yard would be granted for a public meeting . Messrs Grassby and Stallwood read many letters received from members
ot parliament and others promising support to thc motion of the honourable member for Finsbury , and from Sir B . Ilall , Sir C . Napier , and Captain Pechell , promising to attend the meeting at thu Crown and Anchor . Messrs M'Grath , Doyle , T . M . Wheeler and Ernest Jones , were appointed a subcommittee to draw up resolutions , & c , for the occasion . All the metropolitan localities are earnestly requested to exert themselves strenuously , and io render all the support in their power , to the People ' s Parliamentary Leader , T . S . Duncombe , by crowding the Inrge hall of tbe Crown an < J Anchor Tavern , on the 14 th inst . Tho committee adjourned until Monday next , April 12 th , at eight o ' clock precisely . . Toweb _ILsHtBTa . —Mr C . Harrison' lectured at the Globe and Friends , Morgan-street , Commercialroad , on Sunday , April 4 th , and gave general satisfaction .
Furthcoming Meetings. Assembly Rooms, 83...
furthcoming meetings . Assembly Rooms , 83 , Dean-street , Sotio . —Mr Ernest Jones will lecture on Sunday evening next , April 11 th , at half-past seven o ' clock precisely . Subject— " Middle Class Interests . " _MABriBBOSE . —Mr John Skelton will lecture on Sunday evening next , April 11 , at the Coach Painters' Arms , Circus-street . Subject , * ' Progressive Ciziiization . " Norton _FoLOATB .- _* -Mr Gathard will lecture at the Pewter Platter , White Lion-street , Norton Folgate , on Tuesday evening next , at eight o ' clock . Poland ' s REasNEBATiow . _*—The Democratic Com rait'ee for Poland ' s Regeneration will hold an adiou a d meeting at the Chartist Assembly Rooms , De hi street , Soho , on Thursday evening , April 15 th , at 8 o'clock .
Repeal or the Rate patiivo Clauses . —A metropolitan public _meeting will be held at the Crown and Anchor Tavern Strand , on Wednesday _evening next , April 14 th , to support the great national movement in favour of repealing the above obnoxious _clau-es . All the members who voted for Mr Duncombe ' s recent motion are invited to attend and give their support to Mr Duncombe ' s projected resolution . SnonEnrrcn . —Mr Lyltyle will lecture on Wednesday cvenins" next at Mr Taylor ' s , Railway Engine Coffee-house , 122 , Brick-lane . Chair to be taken at 3 o ' clock . Subject : "TheLand . " On Thursday , 15 th , Mr Wig will lecture at 8 o ' clock . Subject : "Co-operation . "
The CnARiBB . — A public discussion between Ernest Jones and Archer Gurney , Esqrs ., on the principles of the People's Charter , will take place at the South London Ilall , on Monday evening , the 12 th inst . Chair to be taken at eight o ' clock pre * cisely . —A general meeting ef the shareholders of the above hall will be held on Wednesday evening , the 14 th inst ., when the attendance of all persons interested is particularly requested , as business of the utmost importance will be submitted to the _meeting . The Metropolitan Committee will meet at 83 , Dean-street , on Wednesday evening next . Chair to , be taken at half-past 8 .
The Chi Branch will assemble at the George Inn , George-court , Snow-hill , on Sunday evening next at seven precisely . t Tbe Fraternal Democrats will assemble at eight o ' clock on Mouday evening at the German Society ' s Room , Drury-tar . e , three doors from Elelborn . Tower Hamlets . —A general meeting ofthe members of the Whittington and Cat locality will be held on Sunday evening , at nine o ' clock , to record their votes forthe executive committee . — -Mr G . W . Wheeler will deliver a lecture on the same evening , and Mr C . Doyle will lecture on Sunday evening , April 18 th . —A general meeting of the Globe and Friends locality , to elect the executive , on Sunday
evening , April Uth , at seven o ' clock . —The agitation committee of the Tower _Ilaraiets wiil meet at the Whittington and Cat . Bethnal-green , on Sunday , April 18 th , at 6 o ' clock . —The local committee will meet at Mr Brett ' s , Globe and Friends , Morganstreet , Commercial-road , on Tuesday evoning , April 13 th , at eight o ' clock . All persons having requisitions , will olease to bring them in . Westminster . —Tho members of this Iccality are requested to meet on Sunday evening next , at their rooms , 83 , Dean-street , Soho , * to consider the propriety of taking the meeting room which the executive are about to leave . The votes for the executive will betaken .
_Whitiinoton ami Cat . —On Sunday , the 11 th inst ., Mr G . W . Wheeler will Ie _*; ture on " The Queens ot England—Elizabeth and Victoria . " To commence at 8 o ' clock .
•Gational £Anfc Company
• gational _£ _anfc _Company
Alva.—A General Meeting Of The Members O...
Alva . —A general meeting of the members ot this branch of the National Land Company was held on Monday evening , the 29 th of March , when the following office-bearers were elected—William Fair , _f-ecretary ; Wm . Archibald , re-elected treasurer ; John Kinross , scrutineer ; two auditors , aud five of a committee . Any person wishing to become members cf the above branch may attend any Monday evening , at eight o clock , in the Christian meeting-house , head of the Green . All communications for the Alva branch must be addressed to William Fair , We _& t Quarter , Alva-by-Stirling . Aston . —At the usual weekly meeting on Sunday the 4 th inst ., the following persons were elected on the committee—R . Pilling , Mark Dyson , Henry _Thoroughgood , George Millington , John Parkin , C . Richardson ; James M'Quines 3 , president ; J . Leech , scrutineer ; Edw . Hobson , treasurer . Bethnal Grekn . —The shareholders of the Crown
and Anchor branch approve cf the next Corfereace meeting at Lowbands , in July . _Bir-HMoa-AM . —At the weekly raeetingof _theshare . holders , at the Ship-inn , on Sunday evening last , the following resolutions were unanimously passed : — moved by Mr _Fussell , seconded by Mr _Carland . "That the best thanks of this locality are due aud are hereby given to F . O'Connor , _Eiq-, for his clear and convincing Treatise on the Small Proprietory System : and we recommend The Labourer te all classes , irrespective of party creeds . " "That in consequence of the extra labour _. imcosed upon the secretary , in connection with the Land Company , he be allowed 10 s . per quarter , as an acknowledgment for his valuable services . " Bolton . —The following officers have been elected
—Garnetfc , president ; W . W . Pickrance , secretary ; J . Lord , scrutineer ; J . Vow , treasurer ; G . Lindsay , secretary to the local levy ; J . Honibin , librarian . It was resolved to abide by the local levy rule instead of that of the directors . This branch has 135 members , holding 417 shares . All members wishing to have the benefit of the aggregate ticket , must send in their names and number of share , on or before the 19 th af April . [ Tha report , a ** received , was very badly written . Our Bolton friends are occasionally given to grumbling ; if they will not write as they can be read , we must grumble too . —Ed . N- 3 . \ _Datjjntrt . _*—A public meeting was held at Haventry on Monday evening , Mr Thomas Webb in the chair . Mr _Parkes , of Long Buckby , delivered an eloquent addres * . Resolutions approving of the land plan were unanimously adopted .
_Dunbt . —Tho management of this branch will be conducted as followa in future : reading , discussion and general business from six o ' clock in the _evenin-c till eight , when ths monetary business connected with the land will be transacted , from eight till half-pa _^ t . The members are requested to attend a general meeting to be held next Sunday evening , April It . Newton Heath . —A branch ha 3 been opened at Newton Heath , and will meet at Mr Whewell ' s , next door to the Bull ' s Head Inn , at two o clock inthe afternoon , every Sunday .
_Nbwcasile-uton . Ttnb . —At tha weekly meeting of tbe shareholders , held at the house of Mr Jude , on Sunday evening , April 4 , the fo- 'lowing resolution * were unanimously passed : — "That a levy bu laid _opoa each member of the Land Company belonging to this branch , to pay the expenses of Dr M'Douall for the services performed by him to this branch of the Land Company . That such levy be Is . each member , and the members are requested to pay the same as early as possible to Mr Jude , and also their arrears fur local expenses . Members not complying with this resolution will bo excluded from the approaching ballot for location . " The new rules of the Company are now in the hands of the secretary of this branch , and copies , price 4 d . each , may be _^ obtained from Mr Jude , Sun Inn , Side , or ojf Janes _Nubott _, 6 . Qibsoa * 8 trt » t .
Alva.—A General Meeting Of The Members O...
¦ _Bs cHDALft . —On Sunday , tho auditors of the Land Fund brought up their report . The following officers were elected .- -Samuel _Ashworth , scrutineer ; II . _Crossby and John Kershaw , auditors ; seven of com * mittee ; and George Morton , treasurer ; Edward Mitcnell , secretary . Sheffield . —On Monday evening , April 5 , the quarterly meeting ofthe members ofthe Land _Com-55 ?* *** - ld inthe Democratic Temperance Room , 33 , _Qneen-stree t , Mr Samuel Jackson in the chair . Messrs c . _Leevsley and _tieorgo Poules wero elected _jy _?' ' 0 n e m lf m of Mr B seconded by
• _- - _* .. _^ ,. ° ' » _SSs , Mr Nicholson , the following resolution was _tinanimously agreed to _* .- "That ft is the * - f _™ branch thnt it is not only desirable , but it would be permanently better , for the conference to be held in July than m January ; and , likewise , we are of opinion that our _school-houses would be the best places that tho directors could select . " The auditors _brought up their report , which was voted satisfactory The meeting then adjourned . Southampton . —The shareholders approve of the next meeting of Conference being held at Lowbands , in July next .
South London Hall . —At a general meeting of the shareholders in this district , on Sunday evening last , it was resolved : —'' That the Conference be held in July next , and that this district recommends a programme of ' all' business to be transacted at the Conference , to be issued at least one month heme tlie Conference-meet . " The auditors reported _» he % ! eretary ' s accounts correct . Mr Gathard was re-elected as secretary , and Mr Brown as scrutineer . A general meeting of members will take place on Suui _' ay evening , the 18 th instant , to take into consideration the 13 th rule .
Forthcoming Meetings. South London Hall....
FORTHCOMING MEETINGS . South London Hall . *—A lecture will be delivered by Mr C . Doyle , one of the directors of the National Land Company , at the above Hall , on Sunday even _ingnext , at 8 o ' clock precisely . Subject , "Cooperation : Commercial and Agricultural . " Tower Hamlets . -- Mr C . Harrison will lecture at the Globe and Friends , Morgan-street , Commercialroad , on Sunday , April the 11 th . Subject , "The _Lanel " To commence at 7 o ' clock .
Tiie Charter And No Surrender ! Great Me...
TIIE CHARTER AND NO SURRENDER ! GREAT MEETINGS AT MANCHESTER . On Good Friday the Chartists of Manchester held their annual tea party and ball and demonstration tor the Land end the Charter . The Ilall of Science was tastefully fitted up lor the occasion , and about 900 sat down to tea , which was enlivened by the strains ofan excellent band . Mr Feargus O'Connor on entering was received with shouts of applause , and the public having been admitted , and the hall crowded by an overflowing audienco , the business of the evening commenced by the chairman , Mr Smith , proposing the first sentiment , " The People , " which was eloquently spoken to by Mr C . Clark . The Chairman tlien called on Mr Dixon to speak to thc Land and the Charter , which be did in his usual eloquent and excellent style , and was followed by ,
Mr Ernest Jones , who was received with prolonged and hearty cheering , and in a brief but powerful address showed the necessity for the workingclasses combining in tho furtherance of their rights , before tlicy grew too weakened by hunger and demo _, ralised by slavery to make the attempt successfully . The chairman then introduced Mr Fearous O'Connor , who ' n rising wasreceived with bursts ofthe most enthusiastic applause , and who propounded to the meeting the position and working ot the Land Plan and the Bank , tho prospects of the Charter , and the course to bc . pursued for itsobtainment . Mr Roberts entered at the conclusion of Mr
_O'Connor ' s address , and was received as he deserved tobe . He had just returned from the trial of thc mechanics at Liverpool , and gave an account of the proceedings that had taken place . __ Thc cheerin * consequent thereon having subsided , several _questions were asked Mr O'Connor relative to the laud plan , which , having been answered to the satisfaction ofthe querists themselves , the meeting was dissolved after three hearty cheers for Feargus O'Couror , thc Land and the Charter , —and the _youn-jer portion of the assembly prepared for the pleasures of the dance . Thc ball was carried on with great spirit until morning , and the demonstra . tion ended to thc delight and _satisfaetien of all _concerned .
Lkctures Bt Mr Ernkst Jonks At Tub Peopl...
Lkctures bt Mr Ernkst _Jonks at tub People ' s Institute . -- On Sunday last , at two o clock in the afternoon , the _absve hall wns filled by a large audience to hear a lecture by Mr Jones on the Land . The lecturer gave entire satisfaction , and received a vote of thanks at the concluiion amid the hearty cheers ofthe meeting . In the evening this hall was again crowded to overflowing to hear a lecture on tbe _prospects and tendencies of the Charter . Mr Jones at the commencement and conclusion of his address was greeted with deafening plaudits . _^ and frequent !) interrupted during the course ot his lecture by the uud cheers of the audienee .
Oldhaii . —The Chartists oi Oldham held their annual tea -party and ball in their noble hall , on the evening of Easter-Monday . There was also a public meeting , which was addressed by Mr Tomlinson _, Mr Dixon of Manchester , and Mr Ernest Jones . The proceedings were such as must materially tend to aid the great cause of Democracy .
Metropolitan Imfrovembnts.—Preparations ...
Metropolitan _Imfrovembnts . —Preparations forthe formation ofthe new street from the Broad Sanctuary , Westminster , to _Shaftesbury-plaoe , _Vauxhallbrid- 'e-road , have been commenced , and also the demoution of the remaining portion of Upper St Marciti ' s-lane , for tbe continuation of the new street _titrough Leicester-square from Piccadilly and Coventry-street . Representation op Westminster . —A coalition has taken place amongst the partisans of Mr Lushington and Col . Evans , and the walls are placarded with " Vote for Lushington and Evans . "
Tan _Brutoii MuRDBit . —At the Gloucester assizes , oa Wednesday , _Lemisa Ferris , aged 29 , was indicted for the wilful murder of Patrick White , at St Phillip ' s and Jacob's , Bristol , on the lst of November last . Thc prisoner , who is a married woman , but separated trom her husband , had for some time cohabited with tbe unfortunate deceased , who was a policeman in the Bristol police , about 37 years of age , at a house in Lynn-street , in which also resided a young woman of doubtful character , named Elizabeth Jones , who was thc unwitting cause of the melancholy catastrophe which placed the prisoner in the dreadtul position in which she appeared to-day . On the afternoon of the day named iu the indictment , James Edwards , a flyman ( the brother
of the prisoner ) , accompanied by a man named Sninsbury , drove in a fly to tbe prisoner ' s house , which they entered , and remained in the back parlour for about an hour and a half , during which time they were drinking rum and beer . It would seem that White , the prisoner , and Jones had been spending the whole of the day iu debauchery until they became partially intoxicated , which seemed to have much augmented a feeling of jealousy which priorly existed in the mind of the prisoner . White came into the room in his trousers and shirt , without neckerchief or other clothing , sat down and smoked his pipe . After some time the young woman , Jones , went up stairs and laid down . The deceased followed , and shortly afterwards the prisoner also went up stairs , and in a tew minutes returned in a very excited state , exclaiming "the nasty wretches are
up stairs . " White then returned into the room , nnd the prisoner said , •* Oh , you nasty wretch , is this your promise ? " She then went into the back kitchen , and on her return went up to the deceased , put her arm round his neck for the purpose , as the witness supposed , of wispering _some-Uving to him- Immediately afterwards a groan was heard , and Edwards , looking round , saw blood profusely running from White ' s neck , and the prisoner with her hand by her side . The unfortunate man crawled out upon his hands and knees into the street , and told the people that Mrs Ferris had cut his throat , a doctor was no use , adding " I am dying , pray for me . " In a few minutes he was a corpse . The jury , after consulting for about ten minutes , returned a verdict of Manslaughter . The court _sentenced the prisoner to transportation for life .
Tnu Late _MtsteriousFirk in Wslunston-stribx , Strand—By Mr Bedford , at the Bell , Exeter- street , Strand , respecting the origin of the fire which occurred on Sunday morning last , on the premises of Mr M . J . Pitt , hatter and tobacconist , Wellingtonstreet , North Strand . After a protracted iuquiry the learned coroner summed up very succinctly , when the jury returned a verdict- " That how or by what means the fire occurred on the 4 th of April thero was not sufficient evidence to prove . " Disoovbrt ov ] A _Dbai * Bo » r . —On Wednesday morniug the body ofa gentleman was found floating inthe Thames , off Limehouse hole . Ue is apparently forty-six years of age , dressed in blaok ; a half-sovereign aud li . in silver wero found on his person . The body now lies at the Cherry Tree _publio-hotise , Bombay-street , _Litaeheuw , for an iaqjmU
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And National Hades' Journal. * ' ¦ Kt''-...
AND NATIONAL HADES' JOURNAL . * _' ¦ _Kt '' - _* _- ' _, —¦—¦¦¦ _ " _^ T _** - " 111111 ¦ ¦ _ _ii __ . - ; -
Vol. X No. 494. London, Saturday, Afril ...
VOL . X NO . 494 . LONDON , SATURDAY , _AfRIL 10 , 1847 . _Rw ™ SE ? 72 " *™* - « __ ' ¦' ¦ "¦ ' RTe Shillings and Sixpence per Quarter .
Poland's Regeneration. R- T ^ Efi !?« ™ ...
POLAND ' S REGENERATION . _r- T efi _™ H _? " meetln _S oftn 8 members and _triends of 1 he Democratic Committee for Poland ' s Regeneration" took place on " Good Friday , " April 2 nd , at the Chartist Assembly Rooms , Dean-street Soho . In the absence of the President , E . Jones ' , Esq .. ( who was engaged at the Manchester Festivnl ) Mr Christopher Doyle was called to the chair , and Mr W . Hewitt elected to the vice-chair . A plain . "upper had been provided , the labour of preparing which had been borne by Mr aad Mrs Wheeler . The entertainment gave perfect satisfaction .
ihe cloth having beea removed , the chairman opened the _businessof the evening by explaining that this meeting should have taken place on the 2 . 5 th of March , but circumstances'had rendered that inconvenient . This had been found the first convenient day on which to hold the meeting . Julian Harney , the secretary , then gave a statement ( from the minutes ) ofthe origin and progress of the Committee , after which hereadthe " Report , " which will be found below . . « r ? r *""? ,, raotion ° f Messrs Wheeler and Moy the Report" was adopted . Mr Worckll , ( native of Poland ) moved the thanks of the committee to the secretary , for bis _xealous and valuable services . lie was sure that could the mass of his countrymen be informed of the laborious exertions of Mr Harney tbey would tender him the expression of their utmost gratitude . Colonel _Oborski ( native of Poland ) seconded the motion , which was adopted by acclamation .
The chairman then gave the health ofthesecretary , which was heartily responded to , Julian _Harnst said he fully appreciated the compliment paid to him . The words which had fallen from their Polish friends were very gratifying to him , as he was aware that he wis no favourite with the Polish aristocrats . Ue understood that the journal ofthe _Ciartoryski party , The Third of May , published in Paris , had calumniated him and sought to prejudice the Poles against him , by reprinting the lieBand calumnies which some time ago appeared in the Weekly Dispatch . This , however , affected him but little as long as he knew that he possessed the confidence of the Polish democrats .
Mr Worckll said , what Mr Harney had said respecting the aristocrats ' journal , The Third of May , was true , but it appeared that Mr fl . did not know that The Third of May had been replied to . The Polish Democratic Journal published in Franee had defended Mr Harney , and shewed from some of his labours his Zealand sincerity in the Polish cause , and his claims to the respect and gratitude of all good Poles . This defence of Mr II . by the Polish Democratic Journal had not been replied to by Mr Harney ' s _eneiies . ( Applause . )
The balance-sheet wa * brought up , and Messrs Gathard and Hewitt were appointed auditors to examine it , and report thereon at the next meeting . On tbe motion cf Messrs Gathard and Whitniore _, it was resolved that the committee be re-elected , Tho following new members were then added to thc committee . Me « srs Gathard , Stall-rood , _Wiiit _* more , G . W . Wheeler , Hewitt , Milne , _Boouham , Wild ( of Mottram " , and Daniells , editor of the Miners ' Advocate .
On the motion of Mr Wheeler , seconded by Mr Caughlan , it was resolved - — That the best thanks of this meeting ho givoa to the Editors of the Northern Star , Sun , and Morning Advertiser , for tho aid rendered by tbem to thia committee , and their general and valuable advocacy of the Polish cause . A number of democratic toasts and songs wero then given , from the list of which we select the following : — By Mr M'Geuth— "Success tothe glorious objects of tbe Democratic Committee for Poland ' s _Regeneration . " By JcluN IIarnev , — " The principles of tbe Cracow Manifesto ; may we , in their pursuit , be steady as time and relentless as the grave . " By the CHAraa _* un , —Song : — " Base oppressors , leave your slumbers . " By Mr Mot , — "May the crowns of Europe be converted into type to imprint ou the skins uf tyrants th _« rights of man !"
By 6 . W . wheeler , —Song : — "The hiou of Freedom . " By the Chaibjun , —Song : — " Loud _roar'd the people ' s thunder . " By G . W , Whmlee , — " A speedy arrival at the port of Freedom ofthe oppressed of alt natious . " By Miss Paine , — Song : — " Chartist cause . " By Mr _Woaosw ,, — " The people of all countries , tbs world ' s children and brethren . " By Jc-lun _IUhnev , — " The healths of Brothers Worcell and Oborski ; and victory to the Polish _Diinocracy . " After drinking the chairman ' s health the meeting adjourned .
First Annual Report Of The Democratic Co...
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE FOR POLAND'S REGENERATION . At a great public meeting held at the Crown and Anchor , on the 25 th of March , 184 ( 3 , a resolution was unanimously adopted appointing this committee , " for the purpose of guarding the interests of the Polish cause , and promoting , by every available means , the restoration of Poland , " The committee ' s lirst act was the calling of a public meeting in the south of London in support of the agitation commenced at the Crown and Anchor meeting . The committee desired to hold a series of similar meetings throughout the metropolis , but the want of adequate funds rendered such a course unadvisable .
Oa the 20 lh of May this committee held a public meeting at the National Hall , _Holborn _, as a tribute of _respect to the memories of the martyred patriots who fell in the insurrection of tbe 2 nd of February , or were slaughtered by Austrian assassins in Gallicia . In the month of July this _cammittee published an address to the electors i . f France urging tbem to use tbeir electoral , rights in the election then about to take place for the _appointment of deputies bound to enforce justice tor Poland . The " address" appeared in theNali & naland Reforme , andcalled forth the approbation of the French Democracy , and tiie grateful thanks of the Polish Democrats . As regards the electors ot France , the address appears to have been fruitless , but bearing in mind the corrupt construction ofthe French electoral body , any other result was hardly to be hoped for .
On the 20 th ot November this committee held a public meeting in commemoration ol ' the Polish In . surrection of 1830 . On the announcement of the confiscation of Cracow by Austria , this committee assembled and addressed to the British people a protest against that act of infamy , and an appeal in support ofthe rights of the entire Polish people . On the 22 ndof February , last this committeo held a publio meeting at the Literary Institute ,
John-street _. 'Tottenham Court-road , in _commen-ora . tion of the Cracow Insurrection ot the 22 nd ofrobruary , 1846 , when a petition to Parliament was adopted , demanding the intervention of the British Government for the restoration of the nationality of Poland , and the establishment of the right of the Polish peoplo to choose their own politial and social institutions , independent of foreign or class dictation . The petition was entrusted to Mr Duncombe , M . P . for Finsbury , and was by him presented to the Ilouse of Commons on the 11 th of March .
It is unnecessary to enumerate the ordinary meetings of this committee , as tho said meetings have been duly reported inthe Aortnem Star . Several - ' Reports of Occurrences in Poland , and Facts connected with thc causa of Poland ' s Regeneration" prepared by this committee hare been published in the M _» _rtaern Star . These reports present ¦ " - . continuous history of Polish affairs for tha past twelvemonths . This committee desired ta publish the s & id reports together with other matter _elucidatury of
the wrongs and rights ot the Poles in a * pamphlet form , to be issued monthly , and sold for ,- one penny . The attempt was made , and two numbers published , but tho c _» mmLUee regret to havo to state that the speculation was a failure , as the returns of the sale oE each pamphlet , wen considerably short of the cost of the printing . This failure the _committefemuch regret , boiieving that _suc _' a a publication would hare been useful in furthering the objects of tha committee . If hereafter the co » mittee should recoite as 3 urancj » of adequate sapport , tho publication ot tha pamphlets maj ba ' resumed .
The pamphlets Nos . 1 and 2 , remaining en hand , the committee propose ta distribute on the first favourable occasion . , ., ,. From tho balance _sheut . presented with this report it will be seen that no funds remain at tho disposal of the committee . Without funds it is obvious that no agitation can be _carriodon ; pecuniar ; aid is , therefore , imperative , if this , committee is to continue , its mission . It must be observed that this committee has . _» o paid members ; no one derives pecuniary benefit from connexion witb . this commit tee ; every farthing is expended in promoting the objects for the carrying out of whioh the committee was instituted , the only reward of the members being the coasoiotune-iS that [ they are performing a . sacred duty . In the course of the past twelve months a number I of patriots , chiefly residing in Scotland , havo become I associated with this committoe as country member * -,
First Annual Report Of The Democratic Co...
For the adhesion of tlu se patriots ihe committee if mainly indebted to the praiRcwoflhy exertion * tt Brother Doyle . The _lisi of members * i * . honever , a * jet incomplete , particularly as regards England . It is to be hoped that _the'lcadin _^ - democrats of ' entry district will , forthwith ; -avow their adhesion to tu principles and objects of the committee , by volar teering their names asmtmbcrs . Up to this time the country members have not been called upon to a < tt , but steps will be immediately taken to secure their active co-operation with th © members residing in the metropolis . Some time ago a member of this committee , WiU
liana _Beesley , of Accrington , North Lancashire * , brought forward a plan for the better carrying nut « the objects ofthe committee , which plan was to tte followiHgeffect : —Thst the _coromitteeshGuldappoint missionaries to agitate the question of Poland " * wrongs and rights ; that there should be two- mis * _sionaries engaged , one a native of this kingdom and the other a Pole , both to _worfeloijether ; the Folett _* explain his country ' s wrongs , and the Englishman to enforce the justice and necessity on the part of thia country of national intervention in behalf of Poland '; that the agitation should be commenced at Mon > Chester , than propagated _throosh Lancashire , Yorkshire , and the North of England genfinilly , and b » _nltimately extended over the entire coiinTyj that _thenovelty of a Poliih exile addressing English *
men on behalf ef his country would insure largo audience ** * , and such audiences would willingly afford such pecuniary aid as would make the-agitation selfsupporting . Brother Beesley added to tin ' s scheme the _suggestion , that some Polish friend should writ * a lmtory orhiscountry , which the committee should publish , in nunibei * - * _, at a low price . Passing over the last-named suggestion for the present , this committee unanimously acknowledge that , if practicable , tbe plan of agitation suggested by Brother Beesley would be the best means that could be adopted to enlighten the public mind , and create a public opinion sufficiently strong to compel th * Government to carry out the generous- wishes o £ the British people regarding ; Poland . But three * _g _* _-eat difficulties stand in the way of carrying out this scheme .
1 st . —The want of funds with which to commence , and aid the _sastainraent of the agitation . 2 nd . —The difficritry of obtaining the sere-lees of a native of this country , eligible in every respect for this important mission . 3 rd . —The still . _rcater difficulty of obtaining the service * of a Pole as missionary . Whether the first < $ H $ culty can be overcome will be soon seen by the -Banner in which the met that this committee is without funds , is responded to : The second difficulty appears to be not ittsur . mountaWo , The third _dillicul y arises from the fact that but comparatively few of the Poles are well acquainted with tho English _language , and still fewer have the facility anil are at liberty to address public meetings . Possibly , however , if thero * was a well-grounded hope that pecuniary means could ba supplied to support the agitation , the Polos would mako an effort to find in their ranks some one who would devote himself to tbis great labour .
That no false hopes may be excited in the- breasts of tho Poles , this committee , before engaging-further in the matter of tho suggested agitation , resolve to put the following queries to the country members and friends of the committee : — 1 st . —To what extent can you guarantee pecuniary aid to this committee in carrying out a national agitation in behalf of Poland ? 2 nd . —What are your views of the probabie success of thc missionaries ( if _sont out ) in attracting largely attended meetings ? # 3 rd . —What are your expectations as to the agitation in each town or district being made sell-supporting ?
4 th . —It , in your opinion , the appointment of mission _.-tries would be unadvisable , what aid can you render to the _cammittee in the way of holding publio meetings , and procuring the adoption by the publio of petitions to Parliament in behalf of Poland I The above queries are hereby submitted to all country members and trie-mis of the committee residing in Aberdeen , Dundee , - Edinburgh , Glasgow , Greenock , Paisley , Dumfries , Carlisle , Newcastleupon-Tyne , Shields , Sunderland , Hull , Leeds * , Bradford , Huddersfield , Halifax , Barnsley , Sheffield , Liverpool , Manchester , Preston , Bolton , Oldham , Ashton , Rochdale , Nottingham , Derby , Leicester , Northampton , Birmingham , Bath , Bristol , Brighton , Southampton , Isle ; of W _ight , Norwich , Exeter , and all other places in England , Scotland and Ireland , where friends of the cause are to be found _willing to aid this committee .
Answers to the above queries with as little delay as possible are solicited ; and , in conclusion , the members and friends of this committee are . again reminded tint no _tunds exist with which to p ' _-osecute the _agitatien , and , therefore , that early nnd efficient assistance is necessary to enable the committee to faithfully perform the mission for whieh it was constituted by thc public—the advancement of the cause of Poland ' s _Regeneration . Ekkest Jonbs , President . G . Julias Harney , Secretary .
Latest $Eto$
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Metropolitan. Accident At Ths Home-Offic...
METROPOLITAN . Accident at ths Home-office . —Friday afternooa while a number of men were employed at the Home * ofiice , _Charing-cross—which is now being attached to tho Treasury—a labourer , named David Hurley , was _standing at the foot ofthe scaffold , when a large brick suddenly fell upon him , frora a height of some 50 feet ' . He was instantly struck to the ground , his skull fractured , and one arm and a _lolla-i-bono broken , lie was placed on a shutter in a perfectly insensible condition , removed as quickly as possible to the _Charing-cross Hospital , and was attended by one of the house surgeons , but so serious are his injuries , that no hopes are entertained of his recovery . Deatiiof aBmdb . —An inquest been hasheld beforo
Mr Baker , at the British Oak , Baltic-street , St Luke ' s , on the body of Lucy Loomes , aged twenty _, two years . On Tuesday morning last the deceased was in excellent health and spirts , and was married at Spa Fields Chapel . After eating a very hearty dinner , her husband proposed that they should take * a walk . On their return home the deceased complained of severe pains in her stomach , Mr Mungo Park , a surgeon , wns immediately _; ent for , who administered some medicine , but she expired shortly afterwards . Mr Park said he had made a post mortem examination ofthe body , and discovered that the contents of the stomach , after passing into th » abdomen , had produced inflammation of the intestines , and caused death . In his ( Mr Park ' s ) opinion it was caused by excitement . Verdict , ** Natural death . "
PROVINCIAL . Anoth 3 k Double Suicide . —On Thursday morning the bodies of two young person *; , in comparatively humble life , named Joseph Watson , aged IS , and Maria Wilson , a _? ed 17 , were found drowned in the river Aire , near to the Low Fold , at the Bank , ia Leeds . The unfortunate couple were tied together by a handkerchief , as was lately the case with two youn ; persona found drowned near Wakciield . It appeared they had some time ago become attached to each other , and of late both of thera had been out ot employment , which , it would appear , had preyed on their minds bo far as to lead them to the commission of suicide . An inquest was held on their bodies , when a verdict of " Fdo de se" was returned .
_Abisiocratic Moramtt ! Wao is . Hb ?—Letters from Scotland state that the lord-lieutenant of a Scottish county , and a member of the Scotch peerage , has suddenly absconded , leafing behind him a mass of bills and securities bearing the forged names of his own son and other relatives . Tha signatures have been repudiated by the respective parties . It is reported that large amcunt 3 . of charity funds are involved in this wreck . HoRRiBLii Mi'rder . — More barbarous murders have been eomaiitted in Ireland , T'ie " Limerick
Chronicle _states that on Monday morning lxit , about 8 o ' clock , immediately after tmree policemen had left the house of P . Hourigan , fer thoir station at Croora , three armed men entered his habitation in search of Hourigan , who was _oui , having gone & little beforo . that to tli 9 house oS a brother . The intruders tamed upon his wife , _as-she sat by the fire > to prepara breakfast , a : _id _delibecstely shot at her ,, inflicting . * mortal wound in her Iweast . Not content with _thj » barbarous deed , they struck the dy ing _, woman an the head with their- guns , until she lay apparop . il ? d . » ad upon * the floor . They next turneii into s > room where the son of the unhappy couple lay on . a sick bed , and dragged the lad , about 19 _yeai-3 . of age , about the house , ated then commanding
hira . . to stand against the bed-post , another _altofe was-levolled at him , which entered his head , and-ho foil at onco a victim _beloir © his murderers . _H-tving glutted their vengeance , by the immolation of nw _* ther and son , these ferocious _mi- _* creants departed , regretting they , had not . got the husband and father , to complete the tragic spectacle . The poor woman expired almost immediately . Irish CoN _» _EonBATT : a- « . —The monthly _eaeoting of this body was held < i _* a Wedtw » dav _© _Teawti at the . Musio Hail , Dublin . Mr Smith O'Brien , M . P .. was the principal _speakor . He repudiated any union with _Conciliation Hall , because he would have nothing to do with a ' Whig . alliance . " * Amongst the _reao & _tions passed was ono denouncing the confiscation of Cracow .
FOREIGN . Tho Paris _psoers are ' occupied will * _™ ra ur 8 ' ? J the asserted foil of the Greek sainistry . # lu « news requires confirmation . The report contained m tB > UmiwPon of yesterday , of the serious il ness _ o £ Louis-Philippe , is not confirmed . A , _dreadttil m has ravaged _Lr . ir . *» bcrg _( Urow _$ _*}™ f ) , U 3 _hfm * have bun destroyed . Jean Baptiste _Riehe , ft p late _President of llayu , died , at Port au _Pnw » on tha 27 th of February , to which place he had , _ijcturned from _Govaiues oa the 24 th of _lebruav * _, Ho was about seventy years of age , but _apparently hale ** n 4 atrong , though Wind of aa oye , and _ttfcfAUj _QQVtsei with wounds ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 10, 1847, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_10041847/page/1/
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