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Northern Star (1837-1852), 10th October 1846, Edition 3 of 3, Page 1

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  • Departments (3)
    • TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIS T CO-OPERATIVE LAND ASSOCIATION.
    • The Windermere Railway was open to the public on Tuesday last.
    • ctotfet Mtm$tMt.
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      To The Members Of The Chartis T Co-Operative Land Association.

      TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIS T CO-OPERATIVE LAND ASSOCIATION .

      My Fsiexbs ,—! Hatc Told You In The Outs...

      My Fsiexbs , _—! haTC told you in the outset , that the success of our plan mainly depends upon official integrity ana popular confidence ; and that it is liable to much damage by the unnecessary publication of our views , our intentions , and prospects ; the more _especially upon the subject which seems most to interest parties who have nothing whatever to do with our association—I mean the purchase of estates . I have lost one estate already by allowing myself to be dragged into the foolish announcement of my intention to purchase . However , I am always

      prepared to mate great allowances for working men who have been so often deceived , and who can scarcely be brought to believe in the just expenditure of their funds ; and , therefore , lest my last letter should have led to anticipations which my present may not realise , having fallen into the error of making the announcement , I shall now pnt you in possession of the secret . I proceeded to Worcester on Friday , where Ibid £ 10 , 000 for 173 acres of the primest land in England * I requested two friendsboth shareholders , and , I believe , secretaries at Kidderminster — to meet me , and bid according to my directions : 1 hia £ 10 , 000 for the p lace as it is , upon condition that I should

      have immediate possession , together with stock , crop , fixtures , timber , tenant rights , and all those appendages which are so highly valued . I -was the hi ghest bidder , but there was a reserved bid , which I did not think myself justified in offering , and I remained at Worcester till half-past nine o ' clock at night in treaty with the parties concerned , with the understanding that , after a family consultation , I was to receive a definitive answer—that answer , however , I have not received , bnt I fully anticipate a favourable one . I am also in treaty far another estate of 126 acres , and I am going tins . ( Wednesday ) evening at five o ' clock , to Devonshire , to purchase an _Restate of 121 acres to-morrow , _-jfithin 8 miles of Exeter . Whatever estate 1

      purchase I willtake care to get immediate possession oi _, And I still hold to my word , that those who have balloted for it will be located in the spring , as no time shall be lost in proceeding with the work . Now , I have thought it necessary to be thus minute apon the present wcasion , hut never again expect to hear one word about the " purchase of an estate ontil yon are told that it is yours , and never again give ear to the jealous boohies who know no more about land than they do about navigation , for I now tell you , after some experience , that no possible obstacle can stand in the way of thefull and complete realization of the expectations held out in our coles .

      I know that when men affect a great interest about anything , that it is " naturally set down to the account of selfishness and self-interest ; but , believe me , when I tell you , that the only benefit that I derive from the plan , is excessive toil , heavy expence , inconceivable responsibility , an abundant share of abuse , and the total neglect of my own concerns for a greater care of yours . Now , that ' s my full share of the Land Plan . Wednesday evening -dad all Thursday are the two important days for my presence in London , to perform the varied duties consequent upon Editorship ; and , for no common Burpose of my own would I surrender those two

      days in any week for £ 20 , and yet I cheerfully give them up to your service . It has usually been my prac tice to leave London on Thursday night , after two hard days' labour , in search of Land for labour to rest upon ; bnt my own convenience has never been an object when your interest was at stake . My time being very much limited this week , and as some sharp-sig hted gentlemen have discovered Irish relief in ibe draining of bogs and mountains , I do sot think that I can better devote the space usually

      assigned lo my letter than to the re-publishing a portion of my fifth letter to the Irish landlords upon the subject of reclaiming waste lands , and from this nostrum you will learn that it presents no field for tbeexerdse . ar . xemuneration of free labour ; but is merely the field for the exercise of speculating capital . And always hear in mind , that my object is to pet the labourer in possession of every particle of the produce of his own industry . 1 remain , Your faithful friend and bailiff ,

      Iearges O Cossob . The following is a portion of Mr . O'Connor ' s fifth letter to the Irish Landlords , written in July ,

      1841 : — My Lord 3 and Gentlemen , — I now return to my client' s case ; and having so far disposed of some * f the abases of both parties , 1 shall proceed to comment upon a fallacy or two of good hearted theorists , who would correct the whole of the evil * ofboth system * by reclaiming our waste lands and just observe how plainly I deal with this subject , and also mark how difficult it is to deal with pcrrerse and obstinate men , who , while they profess to agree upon an object , render its _artiinmemtimpractitable _^ _bj the whimsi cality of their mean s foriU accomplishment . I entirely agree asto the propriety , the

      prudence , and the necessity of bringing aU waste lands into cultivation , every Inch of them , it is the lean beast , and man s labour alone can make it fat . But then , waste land is not the field wherein the labourer can ac , quire the full amount of his labour ; it is not the market for establishing a just standard . Labour expended upon waste laud as to labour expended npon improved land , is just what the labour of a hand-loom wearer is as compared with artificial labonr . In the one case the man is hired according to the market price set upon his labour by the capitalist and in the other he works for himself ; and his industry establishes the standard of his and of other labourer ' s value ,

      Capitalists alon g can reclaim land _oy hired labonr , and that labonr will bs aired at as low a price as possible , if its value is not somehow established in a free and open market . The poor man , with only his health , bis strength , and his indastry , could sot reclaim a cold swamp that _required expensive draining ; a mountainous heath that required fencing and heavy manuring ; or scrub and stiff soil that required much labour and manure in _thecommtneement . That is the field wherein the capitalist can insure a good interest for money laid out in reclaiming ; bnt it is not onoin which the poor man could find any market for his labour without a money capital ; of which meney capital and the means of judiciously supplying it more hereafter .

      I unhesitatingly assert , as I _before stated in a letter which I addressed to the anli-Repoal landlords of lreand in 1832 , that rent , ( 1 care not what the amount if a t all in reason ) while labour is free , is but an item , a nd an inconsiderable one , in the _labourer's account . therein showed that land goes through several processes before yielding any crop ; and that each and ery one of those processes involves an expenca greater li amount than the rent ; and the neglect of the proper performance of any one of them , would make thelowest ntof the best land high , _fcecause the loss of all is involved in this single neglect .

      1 have been a very extensive farmer , and a very extensive employer . My skill in farming has been generally acknowledged ; and I have no hesitation in saying -that I woald rather give £ 510 s . per acre for ten acres of land north only £ 5 , than give 15 s . per acre for land worth a ponnd ; provided that the scale _» f the respective value of eaeh was justly established by some correct standard . And why 1 Because , after payment of rent , I should have three times as much for my labonr upon

      the good ground ; and this again proves the value of labour over raw material . Give a good workman without capital , ten acies of had land at 10 s ' . per acre ; he will work away at it , and will do much more than lire , and pay bis rent , at first ; but h » will certainly , if it is bis own at a corn rent , by degrees improve it , and make it a savings' bank for his labour deposits . However , when i start at aten shillings rent , 1 start from the vtry lowest at which man can work , pay his way , and live without

      capital . Uy Lords and Gentlemen , 1 have now shown you and . I think , plainly , that the reclaiming system , while it ¦ _"o uld certainly increase our producing powers , and pay the capitalist a good per centage , would not , however , be the proper £ _eld for ascertaining the real value of a working farmer ' s labour ; and as that is my object , and in order that a difference as to means should not lead to a split upon the principle , let us see , if , by agreement upon properdetails , we may not even yet agree upon this reclaiming system . In the consideration of this subject , 1 ' _> pen a great national question well worthy the attention of statesmen who would yet reclaim their country and make her what she ought to be .

      This term " reclaiming , " of course , applies to the practice of bringing barren and heretofore uncultivated soil into cultivation , and the process requires capital . The question is . how the double object can be achieved of opening a free market for labour , and reclaiming waste land at the same time ; for I am not for reclaiming any tbing that will not reclaim my clients also . Wasteland ,

      My Fsiexbs ,—! Hatc Told You In The Outs...

      if it is to be thus reclaimed , must be made a proper field for the exercise of free labour . My Lords and Gentlemen , it is a sad and melancholy fact , that the philanthropist cannot discuss the simple question of digging or ploughing the ground without finding himself bemmed in and _hampered on all sides by the mysterious science of politics ; a science at a _perfect knowled ge of which no man can arrive , while the knowledge of today maybe ignorance to-morrow ; a science whimsicall y worked into practice by the most opposing principles—those of Whiggery to-dny and of Toryism to morrow ; a science which makes the greatest statesman and boldest tyrant in . office quail before a single night ' s mildew , and break before " the wind that sheds the corn , " while he refuses to bend to a simple system which would make man independent of all casualties save those

      with which God la wisdom thought proper to visit him ; a science which makes man's happiness . Bay his very life and the peace of tile country , and the very existence of society to depend upon the rule tf farthings , Ah I my Lord * aud Gentlemen , the wild hypothesis of the metaphysician , or the complicated and unrarellable assertions of the theorist , provided tbey are wrapped up in class legislation dresses , pass current In the world of letters as wisdom and philosophy ; while the simplest assertion of the _philanthropist , if it tend to the elevation ef the poor man , is set down as infidelity and heresy . However , as the rays of knowledge begin to shine through ray prison bars , and as they are sure to spread their benign influence abroad over the whole face of the earth , I am nothing daunted ; and shall therefore , despite the political-economist , _the-farthing-sliding-teale patriot , and the dreadshower statesman , proceed at once to my purpose , which

      is to apply details to your principle of reclaiming waste land . Of that land joa bave in Great Britain and Ireland more than fifteen millions of acres capable of reclamation . It at all events can scarcely be called your own , and is therefore out of tbe Newcastle principle of doing what yon . please with it . By it « proper appropria tion , you not only do not suffer damage , but , on the contrary , I propose to do for you what you cannot do for yourselves ; to make it valuable . I estimate that land at a rent of Is . 4 d . per acre . I calculate that each acre in the outset , taking the tenant ' s house and stock and means of subsistence till the land is brought to bear , into account , would require somewhere abont £ 7 per acre , or a capital of about £ 100 for every fifteen acres . The fifteen million acres allotted in farms of fifteen acres to one million heads of families , would thus require a capital of one hnadred millions of pounds sterling to aid the _working communities in their work of reclamation .

      The value of those fifteen millions of acres , at twenty year *' purchase , at a rent of Is . 4 d . per acre , would cost Government £ 30 , 000 , 000 . Now what I propose is , that Government shall purchase the lands from yon , say at that rate , and then , under proper official management , at the head of which should be a Cabinet Minister , to be ealled the Minister of Agriculture , lease those lands at Is . 4 d . per acre , in lots of fifteen acres , with a capital of £ 100 advanced to each tenant , subjecting the tenant to a rent of £ l per annum for tke land , and the interest of £ 100 at four percent ., that is £ 1 for land and £ 4 for interest .

      The sum of £ 120 , 000 , 000 I propose to consolidate into one _natioial fund , which shall stand as a mortgage upon the fifteen millions of 3 _creg , and owr which the Parliament alone shall have _eontroul ; and that it should not be a transferable stock , or a stock allowed to be made the medium of exchange , barter , or traffic in the Jew ' s temple ; but that the Government shall merely be agent for the fond-bolder an 8 fun £ _-pnyer—receiving from the one and paying to tbe other . I propose that , after tbe first eleven years the , tenant shall yearly pay ten pounds in liquidation of his debt ; thereby liquidating the whole amount at the end ef the next ttn years , orwiththetwenty . firstyear of his tenancy ; at the close of which period—twen * y-one years—I propose that the tenant shall pay no more than the original chief rent , of ls . 4 d . per acre , au 4 all local taxes : or a

      pound per annum for his holding for ever and ever , and amen—until some future generation , in its wisdom , shall see the State necessity of making the then occupiers themselves being parties—pay something more as their quota of any national requirement . Now , those who are in love with a national debt as a bond of union , have it here in the flesh and in the spirit ; those who so loudly call out for the cultivation of our waste lands have here the only chance by which their desire , which is improvement and the bettering of the _poer man ' s condition , can be simultaneously . effected ; those who "fear that population presses too hardly upon tbe means of subsistence" have here the meansot obviating that disaster ;

      those of the school of political economy have here the practical illustration of one of their darling principlesthat " when circumstances close up one channel of speculation and industry , other circumstances open another channel ; " those _whe would gladly find a resting place for the "surplus _popnlatien , "made such by the snbstitution of artificial for natural labour , have here the harbour open for them ; those who would add to onr now , as they _eay , "too scanty surface of wheat producing land , " have here an extension offered to then ; while although I would much prefer the more improved field for the establishment of a free labour standard of value , I have no objection , provided he gets the mean ) , to allow my client to work out his own _salratioa in the more barren

      field . Here we have a means of immediately providing for seven millions of people ; and In less than ten years ol providing for fifteen millions of people ; and at the expiration of twenty-one years , the original farms of fiftten acres each would be capable of being subdivided for the families , into farms of fire acres each , if necessary _. Thus weuld our present _toatte lands , flew England , Ireland , and Scotland , of themselves , support on the spot twenty-one millions in affluence , comfort and splendour , at the end of twenty-one years and for ever . The laws to effect this purpose need not occupy more than a folio sheet ; while the difference between Three per Cent ., at which Government could easily raise the money , and Four per Cent , cheerfully paid by the labourer , would more than cover all tbe expenses ot adding a new and necessary department to the state ma . chinery . But it is too visionary ! ' tis complicated ! be . cause the in ttrest of the poor man is concerned ; while if two hundred millions of pounds were required for a

      speculation to build a floating-bridge across the Atlan tic , or to make a tunnel from Dorer to Calais ; if the subjugation of labour , or the importation ef foreign troops , was the object , every angle in a fascinating drawing b > some happy draftsman would be scanned , and all FOOLISH odjections overruled by "Bagman , " "Diogenes , ' " a Working _Mtn _, " or "Agricola ; " and " the wind would be raised" in spite of all perils by land and water . In the sixth chapter of my book ( for I have got so far , ) I treat this subject more minutely , and shall _, therefore , for the present , allow you to chop upon it ; just asking you if jou imagine that any tenant of New England , New Ireland , or New Scotland would require tha process of tbe ballot to make him fly t _» the cryoi " The State , ( of which he composed a part ) is . in danger V—or even as a cloak to cover his face while he declared who shall be hisrepresentative . No , no—Those , like all your arrangements , are but poor substitutes for theplain and simple rights which man should possess ; and the want of which makes national service a badge of slavery , instead of being a work ef pleasure ,

      My lords and gentlemen , the fact is tUia ; the people have now had quite enough of the great cricket-match between Whigs and Tories . The Tories had a long innings andlefta heavy score before they were run out ; the Whigs have in turn been bowled out ; and they have not made a bad innings ; but now , we must try a match of all Britain and Ireland against the oligarchy . And believe me the Britons and Irish will catch the oligarchy out at every hall they strike . "Will jou never learn wisdom ! or do you not see that the time has come when a great nation must have some better Charter of its rights , some better security against starvation , some more defined policy for its government , than what fickle faction may whimsically eke out of the _addrtss of a defeated minister to his supporters , oroutof the plausible speech of an expectant minister to bis well-fed and welcome guests ?

      We must have some assurance that a NIGHT'S MILDEW or a day ' s heavy rain shall not consign us to famine ; and we must have some better rule for regulating our supplies of food than tbe farthing or fractional sliding scale of political economists . I can find no such rule except in a free labour market ; and , therefore , for that I contend . My lords and gentlemen , hitherto you have played your cards badly . You never should have relied upon other wealth than the highest cultivation of your own natural resources and artificial advantages . Tour iron , your

      insular position and green fields , added to your mechanical advauUges over all other nations , and the hardihood and bravery of the people , should constitute your wealth , jour greatness , and jour pride . But in order to make slaves of the people , you have _cheerfuiij joined in every experiment for their oppression , degradation , and humiliation , until at length you have made them declare in their wrath , that if injustice and this ( rreat disparity _between man and man , is to be perpetuated , it shall only be so by the right of conquest , and noi by the slidiBg scale of oligarchical whim .

      My lords and gentlemen , no man has a more thorough contempt than I have for the mere professional patriot , who lives upon abuse , while he looks upon dissension with the same interest that a lawyer looks upon a good complicated Chancery suit . I have new opened every door of the temple of corruption in which yon have hwn _l «« pent up , 60 that no obstacle should be opposed to your advance to meet popular opinion , so long appealing to you in vain . 1 have denuded the _buggaboo Chartism of the party garb in which faction has long dressed it . I hare shewn it to you in all its destructive simplicity . I have explained the modest results anticipated from its _sutcesi , and the _greatnatioaal _advantages , to b *

      My Fsiexbs ,—! Hatc Told You In The Outs...

      derived from its substitution for the present pauperising , sterilizing , brutalizing , degrading , peace-destroying , hatred-creating system . I have shown yon that the people neither court idleness nor contemplate plunder , but that their principle is strictly _Malthueian—amounting _ta a desire to be " thrown upon then- own resources ;" and thereby to prove that "their chief pride consists in the modest comforts of their condition . " I am , my lords and gentlemen , Y _« ur obedient , And very humble servant , _Fsasous O'Conko _* . Aug . 4 tb . lMl . P . S . My Lords and Gentlemen , I have this moment laid down the Horning _Chrotticle of the 3 rd of August , and I cannot avoid the temptation of a postcript , to which the following , among many equally ridiculous passages , extracted from a pamphlet of the Hon . and Rev , Baptist Nobl _, invites me . Now pray attend . He ays : —

      " There is an opinion sometimes expressed by well meaning persons , that we ought to keep up the agricultural population , and prevent tbe multiplication of great _manufacturing towns , with all their disagreeable accompaniments of dirt and smoke and noise . But this opinion is surely thoughtless . The land is already so thoroughly cultivated that while the number of families in Great Britain employed in agriculture in 1821 was 978 , 656 , the number employed in the same manner in 1831 was reduced to 961 , 134 . The land , therefore , cannot employ the additional population ; and to endeavour to prevent multiplication of towns and the extension of manufactures , is to endeavour to seenre that the whole additional population _« f Great Britain and Ireland should be without employment , and without food . "

      In God ' s name , I ask , is it wonderful that we should hive 400 , 000—nay , 4 , 000 . 000 of stray sheep from that flock of which the Hon . and Rev . Gentleman is shepherd in common wits : the fleecing Church 1 What , OI what can tqual this manifest , this egregious , this consummate ignorance ? Well for the man he is a gentleman and no Chartist ! else would hehave written himself down for a fool . But what think you of the leading political Journal of the "ten years'Reform ministry" bestowing much above a column of laudatory comment upon tbe absurdity 1 I shall take tbe above chapter from the lamentations of the Rev . Baptist Neel , as the text for my next letter ; and if the man who wrote the comment for the Chronicle , ( I hope it was " an old and valued contributor , " ) does not hide his face for shame , why then ha is a man of steel indeed . Perhaps , the whole thing may be a puff . If so , it has succeeded ; for upon reading the above . 1 instantly wrote to my publisher t j send me the Rev . Gentleman ' s whole book , with the intention o' exposing its fallacies , heresies , _degmas , and falsehood . F . _O'C .

      Letter Vii. To The Irish Residing In Gre...

      LETTER VII . TO THE IRISH RESIDING IN GREAT BRITAIN . In accordance with the promise which I made in my last letter , [ shall now proceed to lay before you without preface or circumlocution a fow startling _extracts from the speeches , letters , and resolutions ol the man who has been your LEADER for fortysix years and mine also , to the time he came forward a < the Whig candidate for the representation of the city of Dublin , in August , 1837 . In that year he had openly , _awwediy , and vra"d \ agv \ ised \ y sold himself to . and became ihe pliant hack and subservient tool of , that _faction which he had some short time before _desdsnated as "BASE , BLOODY , AND

      BRUTAL . " The crooked , deceitful policy which he had always followed , but which I did not perceive clearly till then , is now apparent to every one . Read attentively , I beseech you , the following resolutions and extracts . They are in their way matchless . " LSINSK * DECIARAT 10 N FOB BEPEAL . " "The following resolutions were unanimously adopted at tbe meeting of the inhabitants of the province of Leinster , convened at Mnllaghmast , on the 1 st day of October , 1843 , by requisition , signed by TWO HUNDRED AND EIGHT CLERGYMEN . ONE HUNDRED MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATE BODIES and above TWO THOUSAND of the gentry , freeholders , burgesses and other inhabitants of the province . " _DanielO'Connell Esq ., M . P ., in the chair .

      " Resolved . That this meeting hereby declares its devoted loyalty to the person and throne of her gracious Majesty . Queen Tictoria , Queen of Ireland , and its deter urination to uphold and maintain inviolate all the prerogatives of the crown as guaranteed by _theconstitution . " " Resolved . That we , the clergy , gentry , freeholders , burgesses , and other inhabitants ofthe province of Leinster in PUBLIC MEETING assembled declare and pronounce in the presence of our country , before Europe and America andin the sight of heaven , that no POWER ON EARTH OUGHT OF RIGHT TO MAKE LAWS TO BIND

      THIS KINGDOM SATE THE QUEEN , LORDS AND COMMONS OF IRELAND , and here standing on the graves of tha martyred dead , we solemnly pledge ourselves to use every coastitutional exertion to free this , our native land , from the tyranny of being legislated for by others than h r own inhabitants . " "Resolved . That forty . four years of devoted and successful labour in the cause of his country have justly earned for O'CONNELL , THE LIBERATOR OF IRELAND , the UNBOUNDED CONFIDENCE of the

      Irish people ; and that we , relying upon his supreme wisdom , discretion , patriotism , and undaunted firmness , hereby pledge _oursslves individually and collectively to fellow his guidance UNDER any and EVERT circum . stance that MAY ARISE , and , come weal come woe , never to desert the constitutional standard of Repeal , which ht ; has raised . " Daniel O'Connell , Chairman . Akbbew R . Stutch , " I John _Gbat I 0

      , . . Joh * _Cankield , _h Secretaries . John Walbhk , J After these resolutions had been unanimously adopted by this meeting of slaves—wilful slaves—the LIBERATOR came to the front of the platform ; and raising his hands on high , said , " HERE , IN THE PRESENCE OF MY COUNTRY ,

      BEFORE EUROPE AND AMERICA , AND IN THE SIGHT OF HEAVEN , I PROCLAIM THE UNION VOID . Whereupon Mr . Mark O'Callaghan , and one of the Young Ireland party , crowned the Liberator" KING OF TnE HEARTS AND AFFECTIONS OF THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND . The poor honest dupes , the working classes , those who were in earnest , took it for granted that the Union was repealed , and were heard saying to one another : — " Well , did you ever think that we would get it so easy . By the powers of Mol Kelly ! I thought we'd have a bit of lighten for it . We'll go to Dublin at Christmas , jut to see the Union in College-green . "

      Now , my countrymen , reflect for a moment on this ostentatious mockery , this solemn delusion , this nefarious snare to entrap and secure the blind confidence of the unwary , the sing le-hearted , confiding , credulous dupes . Read the third resolution carefully ; weigh every word of it : see how the old fox pledges the whole meeting to rely upon his supreme wisdom , discretion , patriotism , and undaunted firmness ; and to follow his guidance under any and

      EVERY CIRCUMSTANCE THAT MAY ARISE . The devil himself never took greater pains to secure his victims than this ( tunning , deceitful old cheat , took to prevent his dupes from becoming clamorous when the time should come that the " CLAIMS OF REPEALERS FOR PLACE SHOULD NOT BE DISPARAGED by a Whig Government . " See how he relies upon the principles of the Constitution , without a word about violating the law , when he

      wishes to lead his dupes to the very verge of REVOLUTION ; and what a tender regard he has for the LAW , when he finds it necessary to restrain seme of his followers from adhering to his former resolutions . Oh ! if orphans * moans widows' tears , _yrayers , and secret curses , have any weight , _Derrynane , and its upstart horde of knaves and impostors , will crumble into ruin andbe scattered lik * dust bt fore the wind .

      Is there one man amongst you that would have the face to come forward before any assembly , and as chairman put the question upon such a fulsome slavish piece of adulation and mockery as the third resolution . Read it again and again , 1 beg of you . M 8 _UAL FORCE V . PHYSICAL _PORCB . Prom the 3 rd to the 6 th of October , 1843 , the fol-

      Letter Vii. To The Irish Residing In Gre...

      lowing advertisement appeared in the Freeman ' s Journal i _± _*

      THIS CBBAT CLONTABr MEETING . " At a meeting of the Committee of the Clontarf De monstration , held this day , the Liberator moved the fol lowing resolutions : — "lst .-That out of respect to tha wishes of several highly respectable PB 0 TE 8 TANT CLERGYMAN , it h determined that the PROCESSION TO CLONTARF shall not be formed nearer to Dublin than the Crescent , Clontarf Road , and that the cavalcade shall MUSTER there on Sunday next , at TWO O'CLOCK precisely . ' " 2 . 'That the meeting of REPEAL CAVALRY , _» dvertisedfor _Harcourt-street Fields , do not take place there ; but that they MUSTER at the CRESCENT , and fall in behind the Liberator ' s carriage at the same hour , ' " Charles Gavin Duffy , ) Secref . „ .. " Francis Morgan , t Ster _^ _-

      Do you imagine that this _milsUring of Repeal Cavalrt was not conducted with the guilty design of forcing the Government to put down an agitation which was assuming too much earnestness for the convenience of the _Libsrator ? Well he _kndw that the mustering ef a Repeal Cavalry was unlawful _, and that the Government eould not overlook it ; but he hoped by this dextrous movement to get rid of a portion of the responsibility of the Repea ' agitation . He felt that he had gone too far : that the people , and some of the priests and bishops , were in _tarnest , and that the people had actually made up their minds to fight for freedom . The proclamation , arrest and trial were a real God-send , of which you shall be thoroughly convinced before this correspondence is brought to a conlusion .

      I am not yet at libert y to publish the nature of the instructions which Mr . Sheil received to apply for the prerogative of the Crown on behalf ef the state prisoners in Richmond penetentiary _, the condition of which was the total abandonment of the Repeal movement . Peel , great a man as he is , " put his foot in it , " when he refused Shiel ' s motion for the exercise of the prerogative of mercy : That portion of the Catholic Clergy whb are now

      most clamorous denunciators of physical force , though no one _spi aks about it except themselves and Mr . O'Connell , had no great objection to a bit of a physical force demonstration at Clontarf , on the Sth of October , 1813 . In the same column of the Freeman s Journal , which contained the advertisement to MUSTER the REPEAL CAVALRT at the Crescent at Clontarf , tha following Requisition appeared : — " CLONTARF—REPEAL .

      "We . the undersigned Clergymen of Fingal , request a MEETING or the People of Fingal at Clontarf , on Sunday the 8 th of October instant , at TWO o ' clock precisely , to petition Parliament for a REPEAL ofthe LEGISLATIVE UNION , and to express our _dscidsd , and unalterable opinion , that nothing less than the restoration ol our Native Parliament can , or will satisfy the people of Ireland . " " The LIBERATOR will attend . " James Carey , T _. F . I _' . P . Swords ; James Callenan ,

      V . r * . _P . r \ , Clontarf ; ¥ . 3 . _1 yrr »\\ , _Tf . V ., l . n _* Vt ; Char \« s Boyle , P . P ., Skerries ; M . Dungan , P . P ., _Blanchardst » wn ; Patrick Fleming , C . C ., _Malahide ; John Walshc , P . P ., Rollestown ; J » un Molloy , P . P ., Ganistown ; James Young , P . P . ; Patrick Montague , P . P ., Naul ; William Doran , C . C . ; E _« . Kennedy , C . C . ; John M'Hugh , C . C . ; Michael Poyle , C , C ; Joseph M'Kiy , C , C ; John M'Carthy , C . C . ; B . _MvDonald , C . C . ; P . Smith , C . C . John _M'Dosuell , C . C . ; Thos . Kiernau , C . C . ; Edward M'Cabe , C . C ; John _Greeus _. C . C . ; Henry Young , C . C ; P . Smith , C . C .

      The majority of these _requisitionists have announced their intentien to hold a meeting now , for the purpose of adopting a vote of confidence in Mr . O'Connell , and approval of his recent moral force movement—a movement which every sensible man in the kingdom knows full well was iatroduced in the Repeal Association , for the sole purpose of getting rid of those who had announced their intention of abiding by the object ofthe Clerical Requisitionists of Fingal- "THAT NOTHING LESS THAN A RESTORATION OF OUR NATIVE PARLIAMENT CAN OR WILL SATISFY THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND . " This conduct would appear vary inconsistent had not these gentlemen pledged themselves collectively and individually to fallow Mr . O'Connell under

      ANY AND EVERY CIRCUMSTANCE THAT MAY ARISE . Had they not pledged themselves in this manner at the great Leinster meeting at Mullaghmast _, they would see that the introduction of the Moral Force resolutions at the Repeal Association was as much out of place , as _uncalled for , and as inconsistent , indecent , and unnecessary , as it would bo for the accomplished , virtuous , and excellent wives of Mr . Morgan O'Connell , Mr . Maurice O'Connell , or Mr . John O'Connell , or any of them , to leave their drawing-rooms , and go into the streets and cry out , " Who dare say that I am not a good wife ?" We live in strange times ; but let us now proceed to the extracts .

      "Give me but six months of peace and tranquillity and I will have the parliament in _College Green , or give you my head on a block , "—Daniel O'Connell , October 22 , 1343 . " He that commits a crime gives strength to the _ensmy . " Daniel O'Connell . " it is said that _Fcareus O'Connor is about to visit this city ; if so , I hopo thers is suffleiont spirit in the _cosl porters to souse him in the Liffey . "—Daniel O'Connell . " Where is the man who will tell m « that the kingdom of heaven is like a poor man ' s house in a hog , with but one road leading to it . "—Daniel O'Connell . "The corrupting influence of the _Castls of Dublin is such that even the great Doctor Doyle himself cannot visit it without losing a part of his utility . "—Daniel O'Connell .

      " There is the hand that drew up the petition for the emancipation of tha Unitarians and other _Disounters , and , blessed be God , that they . vere emancipated even before the Catholics . " —Daniel O'Connell . " No Catholic Bishop can be a member of tho Board under the Bequests A . ct , because they should dispense Unitarian CliaritiiB _, which they cannot de , as the UNI . TARIAXS ARE NOT CHRISTIANS . But this objection does not apply to Protestants in connection with the Church of England . "—Daniel O'Connell . Letter to Dr . Cantwell from Richmond Penitentiary .

      "If the education of the Catholic children in the Kildare Place Schools _wera the object of the society , and not proselytism , why should they introduce Religion or Religious Tracts into the Schools ! Why not leave the religious instruction of the children to their parents and the clergy of their choice ! There is no religion in _Entick's Dictionary . There is no religion in tho five common rules , in arithmetic , in grammar , in the arts or sciences , or even in the classics ; and am I to be told by the learned _sucrstary ( Jackson ) that _thsse do not contain education . "—Daniel O'Connell , " The Infidel Colleges have no provision for _religious instruction within their nails , and must necessarily , therefore , impart a godless education to the students , " Daniel O'Connell .

      "I hereby offer a reward of Fifty pounds to any one who shall , within six months from the date hereof , prove that Joseph Dennis Sullen was ever vet GUILTY j > f ONE HONEST or STRAIGHTFORWARD transacfen . ' —Daniel O'Connell . " Ireland would soon be a free nation if every parish had a Joseph Denis Mullen in it . "—Daniel O'Connell . " He who is not a Chartist is either a KNAVE , - who profits by the evils of iniarule , or a . POOL upon whom facts and reason make no impression . " —Datuel O'Connell . M pludue my _jrofussioiiftl reputation thai it is a trans _, portable offeuce to be a Chartist . "— DanieS O'Co _' _iinell . " Is it enough , or shall he , whilo a thrill Lives in your sa pisnt bosoms , chea 5 _joi \ still .

      I shall , in my next letter , give yon a pretty accurate account of the FACTORY _MPIiE . This subject has hitherto been involved , is a good deal of mystery . I ' shall make it clo . ip enough , and that too without tbe least fear of cop . tradiction . ' Patrick _O'IIiogins . Dublin , 4 th of , October , Il' 340 .

      The Windermere Railway Was Open To The Public On Tuesday Last.

      The Windermere Railway was open to the public on Tuesday last .

      The Manx Sun Says The Herring Fishery Ha...

      The Manx Sun says the herring fishery has im _> proved this week _.

      Ar00110

      And National Topes' Journal.

      AND NATIONAL TOPES' JOURNAL .

      Vol. Ix. No. 465- London, Saturday, Octo...

      VOL . IX . NO . 465- LONDON , SATURDAY , OCTOBER 10 , 1846 . . ™«» fivE p _™ « : " _- _'•¦• ' _-. ¦ , _¦» Five _SHrillimm and _Sixpence per Quarter

      Ctotfet Mtm$Tmt.

      ctotfet Mtm _$ tMt .

      Dumfries. Our Working Men' S Association...

      DUMFRIES . Our Working Men ' s Association continues in a most satisfactory state . A muster roll of between 70 and 80 is something in these dull times for a Chartist corps in an out of the way _plaee like Blimfrm Toe agitation has been carried oa in more striving times here , with a mueh less numerous and infinitely worse appointed staff—and Chartism is not only alive heie , but kicking . On Thursday evening last , the second day of our great fair , the members and friends of the association , to the number of— eschewing balls , the tavern , and other vanities—a hundred and more ' supped together in tae large room of the Temperance Hotel . Mr . George Lewis in the oha _' r with Mr . Jas . Grieson " fornenst" himacting as vice or croupier _.

      , Ths material department of the seine , did great credit to Mr . Macnish , the worthy landlord and caterer . It was served up about seven o ' clock , a » d it _waB close upon the " _we-short _houro'the _niornnT " ere the delighted party eould bring themselves to say good night . It is generally admitted that such a happy night was never before spent between the Kith and Locfear Moss . An elder o' the kirk frae , up tbe water of Orr , deolares that he never fcnew what enjoyment was before ; and declares , that if he knows when the aext takes place , that he will come again , ' Tho' ' twere ten thousand miles . " The company was select and varied—old wen like our friend the elder , young men unlikehim ; matrons , like everything matronly , and maidens , like nothing

      m heaven , earth , w the waters undw the earth , but their ain bonny selves ; and the toasts , _BongB , and sentiments were to correspond , and plenty of them . How they were received , by those topographically acquainted with Dumfries may be understood , when we mention that the ruffing and cheering was heard at the Monument , and by any body else , when they know thai the marks of enthusiastic approbation remain upon Mr . Macnish ' s tables until this day , and that next morning more than one hand was well blistered . The only drawback was the smallness of tho room , but that will be got over at the next meeting of the kind , which is fixed for New Year ' s day . There are now several public rooms to be had , and there ' s no fear of filling the largest . The following

      are a few of the sentiments proposed on Monday evening : — " The Sovereignty of the People "— " The Charter , and may it soon become the Law of the Land , " and " Feargus O'Connw , Esq . "—all from the Chair . " The speeedy Restoration of Frost , Williams , Jenes , and Ellis "—by Mr . Wardrop . Song by Mr . _M'Divett—« ' The Exile of Erin . " " Thomaa Duncorabe , Esq ., M . P . " -Mr' Samuel Welsh . " W . Ewart , Esq ., M . P . "—Mr . Wardrop . " The Northern Star , and the People ' s Press "—Mr . Welsh . " Patrick _O'lliggins , Esq "—Mr . Wardrep . "The Dumfries and Maxwelton Working Men ' s Association , long may it continue to prosper "—the Chairman . " The Memory of Burns ''—by the Croupier , Song : Mr , M'Divett— " A Man ' s a Man for a' that . " " Mr .

      Ernest Jones , the Chartist poet "—the Chairman . "Success to the Land Scheme "—the Chair . Song by Mr . M'Divett- " The People ' s Estate . " Then followed " The Chartist Platform , coupled with Mr . Wardrop ' s health "— " The Founders of the Association , " & c „ & ., all most appropiately introduced , and _enthusiastically responded to . Messrs . M'Divett , _Youbit , and others , including several of the "fair Chartists present , supplied a profusion of excellent , suitable , and excellent songs , executed in first rate style . __ We had almost forgot to mention that the well-lighted room was tastefully decorated with , festoons of flowers , and the walls hung with the banners of the Association , and the portraits which have been presented from time to time with the Star , these _frames prankt with dahlias , & c .

      MR . DOYLE'S TOUR IN SCOTLAND . Mr . Doyle has delivered lectures during the past week in Parkhead , llutherlen , Newmilns , Darval , and Galston , to numerous and highly respectable meetings , especially Galston , Darval , and Newmilns ; and his expositions of the various evils which presB upon the toiling millions of the United Kingdom , told with great effect on the audiences he addressed , also his advocacy of the principles ofthe Chartist Cooperative Land Society . Hislecture en Friday night in Galston , which occupied two hours in the delivery , was received with universal satisfaction . It embraced fire points , each of which Mr . Doyle did ample justice to ( viz)—First—the Land of the United _Kingdom , and its extent . Secondly—The capabilities of the

      Land , when laid out in allotments suitable i _*> the convenience and circumstances of the Peopl » , and cultivated upon the new and improved principle J wcidly set forth bv Mr . O'Connor in his small farm work . Thirdly—The causes which have prevented a fair and equitable distribution of the Land considered . Fourthly—The monopoly of machinery , and its fatal consequences to the working classes generally . And Fifthly—The principles of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , the only effectual remedy , socially considered , calculated to counteract the baneful influence and effects ofthe monopoly of _machinery—the monopoly of the Land , and the destructive power of the Capitalists , and the Landed Aristocracy .

      BARNSLEY . At the weekly meeting of the members of the National Charter Association , held in their room , on Sunday last , the political career of Henry Hunt and Feargus O'Connor was discussed according to a previous announcement . The noble and generous acts of these two nobles of nature was laid before the meeting by several speakers , and their conduct con . trusted with that of their vile tradueers . It was remarked by one of : the speakers that , on Henry Hunt first entering tbe Commons' House of Parliament , he was met and escorted in by Daniel O'Connell and Joseph Hume , who congratulated him on his first entrance into the Senate House , and told him what

      a strength he would add to their party , but the patriotic and generous Hunt replied , "No , gentlemen , I'll add strength to no party , I have not come here for party purposes , but to serve mj country , I'll support good measures and oppese bad ones , regardless of who their author may be . " From that time the hatred of the two humbugs commenced . Old Dan soon held out with his poisonous breath , " He ' s sold to the Tories . " The same with _Feargus O'Connor , when he refused to be his tool he was " sold to the Tories . " At the close of the discussion , on the motion of John Ward , seconded by Michael Segrave , fand supported by Frank Mirfield and others , the ollowing resolution was passed : —

      " Resolved—That this meeting having discussed and considered the noble and patriotic detds of the two great and good men forming this night's subject for discussion , regret the abuse they have both encountered from the men they have been struggling , for being well convinced that had the working classes heen half as true to their own cause as Hunt and O'Connor have been to them , or had they followed the advice of these excellent men , we should have been in full possession of our rights long since , consequently the same respect is due to them and their _memories , as though we were in that blissful state . " SHEFFIELD . On Sunday , a discussion took place in the Demomocratio Temperance Room , 33 , Queen-street , Mr . Leevsley in the chair , on the Evils of Tithes . At the close of the meeting the following resolution was unanimously agreed to : —

      " That this meeting is of opinion that the tithe exaction is unjust in principle , nefarious in practice , and a _standing nuisance on the statute-book . " Thanks having been voted to the chairman , the meeting dissolved . An Election Committee is formed here , and is increasing in numbers every meeting night . Our excellent Library , numbering _upwards of 300 volumes , has been closed some time , owing to the _workagoing under repairs , will re-open on Sunday next , from nine o'clock until half-past ten . By a resolution of the council , the _library is _not confined io > members as before ; friends to _inrtruction will do well to avail _tbomselves of the abovo _opportunity , the charges being only oae halfpenny per volume , per week .

      _CHEl / _niENHAM . At the weekly _meetins ofthe Shareholders in tho _Clmrtist Co-operative Land Society , held in the Unitarian School-room , on Monday evening last , it was proposed and carried unanimously : — That the persons present form themselves _inte a branch of tho National Charter Association . _Sereril name 8 were taken down , and a aura of money subscribed to commence operations . The meeting was then adjourned to Monday _evening next , at eight o ' clock , when the attendance / of every democrat is particularly requested ,

      BILSTON . A delegate meeting was held , according to announcement in last week ' s Star , at the above place , Mr . A . Fussell in tho chair ; Mr . D . Pott acted _ii 9 secretary . The following resolutions were agreed to : — 1 st , That a district committee be formed of Birmingham and South Staffordshire , to assist the central com . mittee tor the purpose of sending as many members to the House of Commons at the next general election as _pessible , and that we pledge ourselves to use every maans in our power to collect funds for the same . 2 nd . That we recommend each locality in _ttlU dUtriot to form an _slootioneering _QomwiUos .

      Dumfries. Our Working Men' S Association...

      dfaWot to V ? _T ttmtnd * Chartist body _oTth 4 th _Tk _i _» >*» o _' f the N . H _* nai _? n T T _" Paid * th mm and Widows' _anrtn I 1 * As 660 ci »« ° n to the Patriott 5 th JuT " * nd n * M _« Pund . 6 on _Sunda _, Kovemb ' _? _' _** _' * meeti ° * - _« held _atDuoley , - «» . Tha ' tth ? * ' at _" « o ' clock , ' _- ' " ngs to the North ?™ t " , ea < 1 " P ort of _^ e proceed-*• » PP « rent apath y ta ft _' _eXr _^? " WnarkS reS P ectin _* _Ta thh Chab "' " or BnMWHaiciuw SOTTO _- TW ! „ , _aTAFFORDSHIM . Brother Chartists _ t _>„ . j v , Mr . P . Linnev _' s at _rTi _Z dele K _* tes assembled at feel e _* _trZlVe _£ t _A \ r _^ _\ _? ° tober 4 _« sented , _andaincerely honed that v ™ _fi" _! \ _% that lethargy , as your 2 L 2 _? L _£ " 7 ld il hake off should put / ouV 8 _hoi 8 7 o the wheel 8 ? _** tier * _ia _wU _ytm _**»* _** . S wfliI _yl alW a _* _few men to struggle ardently , while you are _d ZLZ f

      _apsMvy _Wo -Jet every place in this district be represented at tho next delegate meeting at Dudley . V _^ At * _mtetipget the Chartists of this place , held on _^ . SunoVevening last , the following resolutions , ore VN posed & y Mr . Einney , seconded by Thomas Hammer- V sloy , were adoptee ??— > That we do now form- ourselves into a reading and die . ft ussien _&* $ _-, with the view of drawing out talent , that U \ at _presenirlayimr dormant . To meet on Tuesday even- i ing , OetoW lSth , at _rebeck . The _following papers and books will be read : —flbrv . ( _ttorn star , M > _ougl «* JenM _' * Paper , People ' s Journal , \ OConnor _' $ mr ) _ionSmaUJKrm 3 _6 < r . >

      NEWTON ABBOT . _H ih _» pUbll ° _?« fcin e of the Newton Abbot branch of - 2 * _hJW _Operative Land Society , was held _Ql It was unanimously agreed 3—. _JLfcfc le _? ! _l _* " Wnt t 0 the diffiiren _» _Ranches in tho- . f | ¦ ghbourhood _to-ascertaia _. th _» amount each would be able to _ra ... for _« e purpose of . pa , i _„ the „ pence 8 of E . Vl _Devoni . " _" * ° 0 tpl afl inTitatl , m ta _™* That a half penny per shar « per month b _» paid by each memb < , r to defray the _neoesiwy local expanses _, that £ 4 _a-year be paid the _Secretary . That Mr , G . Godfrey be _Seoretary . Twa surer _''J ' ' _CrWS ' _"" Coroes P ondiD e Secretary and

      NOTTINGHAM . # _t , _^ v elee T _*^ eeti . S _w » held on Sunday last , afc he New Ian , Camngfcon , when delegates ; _froro ' the ° _75 , P J ? > P we re Present ::-Nottingham , Ar-31 » _« C _#° n ' ? ford _^ _-anton , Carrington _, Larably , and Kadford It was unanimously agreed that the Major ot Nottingham be _respectfally solicited to convene a public meeting on the 19 th day ofthe present month , at the Town Ilall , at seven o ' clock in the evening , for the purpose of adopting the National Petition , and electing a delegate to attend the _Petition Convention . Mr . Sweet was unanimously chosen to be put in nomination at the public meeting . Ihe election committee will meet next Sunday _evening at six o ' clock , at the sign of the Newton ' s Head , Nottingham .

      ASI 1 _TON _. ? i , _Jrn ? ! n eekly m _? etin _8 of th & shareholders of the Chartist Co-operative Lan _, | _Soeiety was held in the Chartist ropm , _Bentinc-k-street , on Sunday last _, when a discussion _ttok place as to the propriety of joining the National Ch arter _Asseeiation . Considering as workna ; men that it is our duty t » assist our Chartist brethren in the efforts now making to arouse the people to a sense of their condition , and tosign the Petition to Parliament for the enactment of the People ' s Charter ) and we call tbe attention of the different localities to the _following _nropoBition : — B r

      " That the Shareholders of the Chartist Co-operativ _* Land Society shall pay the « nm of one penny per week to the Chartist Association . That the general and local expenses of th _» Land Society be defrayed out of their subscriptions , and the _»» t go to the Chartist As . aociation . " By this means we could employ lecturers to expound our principles in the agricultural districts _, tbe discussion will bo resumed next Sunday , and we hope the shareholders will all attend .

      GLASGOW . At tho usual meeting ofthe Glasgow branch ofthe Chartist Cooperative _Society , held in Murdock '» school room , on Monday , October 5 th , Jpmes Bain in the- chair , Mr . O'Connor ' s letter from the Star of the 3 rd , _^ was read which gave the _greatest satisfaction . The nomination of the Executive was then taken up in accordance with the announcement of the secretary , and after considerable discussion it was unanimously agreed that the present executive should be continued in office . The chairman then asked what _progress the branch had made since Mr . Doyle ' s lecture , when the secretary stated that upwards of thirty members had been enrolled as the fruits of that lecture .

      Mb . Dotlk ' 8 Routb . — Monday , October 12 th Hamilton ; Tuesday , 13 th , Lannark ; Wednesday , 14 th , Burrhead ; Thursday , loth , Anderston ; Friday , lttth , Glasgow ; Saturday , 17 th , Campsie .

      DUMFRIES . At the weekly meeting of the Association , held on Sunday , evening , the Daily News a journal which has cruelly disappointed the hopes of the poople was turned out ofthe reading room , our member . _'juilging even " _ould'bloody" preferable , on the principle that an open enemy is better than a pretended friend . The proposal in the last Star , to establish a daily democratic journal has given great satisfaction , here _.

      DUNKIRK ,. NEAR DEVIZES . Adoption op thb National _Pitition . —At a meeting held on Monday evening last , at Mr . Thomas Bond ' s to adopt the National Petition , , the following resolutions were unanimously agreed to . That it is the solemn conviction of this meeting , that every man is born with a natural right to a voice in the making of the laws he is ealled upon to obey , and bell ving as we do , that all ths evils _affecting society Is owing to class legislation , we therefore _j'ledga _ourselves by every legal means in our powtr to obtain the Peopla ' s Charter . That this meeting do , in accordance with the late Convention , agree to the presentation of a National Petition , and that this meeting do agree to _procure as many signatures as possible to the same .

      ROCHDALE . ___ On Monday evening last , a public meeting was held in the Chartist room , totake _^ into consideration the case of the Keighly turn-outs , Joseph Ferbershaw in the chair . After a delegate from the men oa strike had briefly explained the nature of the turnout , the following resolution was adopted . Proposed by Edward Mitchell , seconded by Joseph Hoakes . That this meeting is deterroinfd to render _evrr possi * ble a _» ssistanct to th » oppressed oporatires of Keighley , now resisting the cruel oppression of the manufactuers

      MANCHESTER . Adofthw of thr National Petition . —On Sunday evening last , October 4 th , a public meeting for tho purpose oi" adopting the _Nationnl Petition , praying the enactment ot the People ' s Charter , was held at the People ' s Institute . The Ilall was well filled . Previous tothe business ofthe meeting , the " prayer " was read from the Nfrt / lem Star by ~ _WiYunm Nuttall . Amen was uttered by all present with solemnity audi respect . John Sutton was unanimously called to . the chair . Two resolutions were submit ted to the » meeting ' s approval ,, by Messrs . Clarke , Donnovan ,. Nnttall , and Rankin , who eloquently ' addressed the audience , and the National _Pctita « n was unanimously adopted-. 12 * . 6 d . was collected for the Keighley turn-outs . A vote of thanks was given to ths-Chairman , and- the meeting closed .

      _KENSINGTON . The members of this locality held their monthly general meetiag at the Duke of Sussex , High-street , Mr . Girdlestone in the chair , when a lively discussion took place on the future progress of She soeiety , in which Messrs . Durham . Bolting and Robins took part . The following resolution w » 3 submitted to the meeting , and carried unanimously : — Resolved that we , the members of this Society , do reijuest the directors to-be as speedy s _» s possible in the purchase _eSland , believing , as we do , it will be the means of increasing the funds , and _causing numbers to join the socieSy ; and further request that some explanation , be given as to the enrolmmt . S . F . Brown , Sub-secretary .

      LAMBETH . On Sunday evening last , Mr . " Ernest Jones delivered the third of a series of most interesting lectures . The sulject selected for tlrat evening , was " Revolutions , their origin , progress ,, and guidance " In the course ot the leoture , Mr . Jones developed the different sourcos from which revolutionary move mentsspring , how often , a trilling event , striking on the spirit oi the day , brought _results no deliberation

      could have caused , —witness t _j Ie Sicilian Vespers _, lie then illustrated the _progressive changes that take place in the course of ? _, revolutionary movement , —be it a peaceful or a ' stormvone—and finally warned against . the perils att umlaut on every popular movement , illustrated the I ' _. ifficulties to be overcome , and suggested the way o £ - guarding against the former and dispersing the latter . The lecturer was loudly cheered during the _course of his lecture , and resumel his seat amid _prolonged applause .

      _SOMERS-TOWN . Mr . Samuel _lvvdd delivered an eloquent , _instructive and _original " lecture , on tho Mental and Moral Elevation of t _» .. e working classes , on Sunday evening last , at thy , Bricklayers' Anns , Tonbridge-strcet , New Road . The lecture gave great satistactton to a . full an / , ' delighted audience . Previous to the lecturo . Mr . Kvdd read the Chartist Litany , the audion / jo hearti ' ly j ohiing in the _response _^^^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 10, 1846, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_10101846/page/1/