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Northern Star (1837-1852), 11th January 1845, Edition 3 of 4, Page 1, Southwell, 3rd Dec, 1844^ l£r Db ab Sir,...

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  • Departments (3)
    • TO THE UNREPRESENTED.
    • ^rjyfitcjn Sntelltgetu*.
    • t fattfiWHttitttf ®Ijat'it0t mttux&t
  • Text (14)
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      To The Unrepresented.

      TO THE UNREPRESENTED .

      Jfc Rukkds,—One Of The Principal Charges...

      Jfc Rukkds _, —One of the principal _charges that Mr enemies invariably make against Chartists and Char & m is , _fliattheleadeis have never recommended defined or practical scheme for the accomplish ment of their object . We are told to receive and consider aH the mad projects of our superiors with deference , r espect , and even awe ; and we are called " disturbere" and " obstructors" if we dare too _scrulonsslv to canvass their motives , or even their -not of accomplishing their end . One refined

      Chartist starts tip , on the announcement of some visionary scheme , and exclaims : ¦ " lo ! here ' s a _stanjardforpractical Chartism to rally round ! and yet the -lad obstructives refuse their co-operation . " Another artful schemer offers another gilded hait to catch the jnffarr and unsuspicious , and behold another "independent _ChartisT _riBes and says : "Here , now , is a jaflying point ; here now is an opportunity afforded to the honest portion of the Chartists to rid themselves _0 f _$ e dangerous power of their interested leaders , and do something for themselves . "

      But , notwithstanding all the fascinating allurements , there has been a sufficient amount of steadiness , deliberation , and thought in our ranks to _conyinceusthalnot one _linglo scheme , promising benefit to the Working _Claseef , has been proposed for any other purpose than that of enlisting them in the _sertjee of some political quack , to be used for party _Mrposcs . _Tbii charge of "impracticability" is the principal , nay , I believe , now the only _renaming fragment of the long catalogue of sins with which we _xere formerlv charged . The charges of " monopoly , "

      " unjustappropriation / ' " spoliation , "destruction of lift and property , " " desire for scramble , " " obstruction , " and " physical force , " lave all been answered , refuted , and destroyed . And now the " educated and refined , " the " _pnilosophical and thoughtful , " of our own party : that is , the lazy and the rascally , tie plotting and the scheming—the " gents'" that are too proud to work , and too poor to live without labour , " have joined with the more open foe ; and all ether sustainable ground of charge being cut ' from under their feet , they nave taken their _efand upon— "impracticability . "

      I have always shown you that a party without any visible power must ever be looked upon as " imprac ticable . " In 1835 Ur . O'ConneJl called us " tie Impraetieables ; " and ai that time I refuted the charge , very successfully shewing that those who chargeduswithbeing "impracticables" were the very party who prevented us from taking , a " practical " step , and who never considered us in the right course except when we allowed ourselves to be bamboozled by

      some " practical" juggler . Our great struggle for Jhe last ten years has been to achieve representation for the working classes ; and the charge against us _haslieen that we looked for what we could not accomplish , and obstinately refused the proffered instalment of our rights . Now this charge also I deny . If we look for full , free , and fair representation in the House of Commons , the abolition of Church Bates the reform of Municipal Corporations , the extension _tS Education , the remission of taxation , thereduction

      of the _National Debt , the abolition of slavery , and ihe like , are none of them instalments of our debt . The debt due to _ns i » one of principle : and the instalments offered in pounds , shillings , and pence , are merely so much paid tothemonied classes of adebt for which they haveno just claim . What they mean by an " instalment , " is a saving to themselves in the shape of r emission of taxes ; or reduction in the price of luxuries . We contend that the House of Commons , as it should represent the whole people , should be chosen by the whole people ; and we are ready to take an instalment of representation , not in discharge of our full claim but in order that we may be thereby enabled to enforce the whole demand . Thus I refute the charge of "impracticability , " I think fuDy : and now

      let us see whether the " educated , refined , and scientific" wBl join with ns practical Chartists , in aiding Duncombe to secure for us an instalment of our own principle . When I first offered myself for the _repregentation of the county of Cork , I found very great difficulty in persuading many very intelligent persons that less than a majority of the whole House could carrv auv question . It took me many months of _gpeer _& ag and writing to prove that the forty-two Repeal members could , if they were really honest , _anash and break up every Government that refused a _^ _uicseence to their measures . The Irish party having turned tail , and sold their country , proved not only disastrous to Ireland , but to England as well : and for this reason—because all faith was lost in the capability of so large a body as forty-two to do

      anything . God forbid , however , that we should draw any inference from those xedonbtable patriots and their leader , who have sold their country for places , titles , and emolument . Wearenottobedisheartenedbythat circumstance ; for I hope and trust that the sound minds of Englishmen _willnever allow themselves to be juggled out of their wits , as Irishmen have been . Toil will see , then , the great difficulty of persuading the Working Classesof thevalueof so small a fraction of representation as twenty members of Parliament would furnish ; and , but for the better machinery noweverywhereinoperation , Ishould despond myself , and have but little faith in the success of our present practical movement . Seeing , however , the manner in which the London Registration Committee , the

      Manchester Committee , and the Birmingham Committee worked last year , no doubt remains upon my mind of the ultimate success of our plan . I think it very likely that Sir . Duncombe , if he should not sue ceedin repealing therate-paying clauses in theKeform BSD , wiH , at aUevents , have an astounding nunorify Infact , Icannotbringmymindtothe conclusion that the motion will be lost : and I'll tell you why . Rub-* ell and the Whigs must have profited by the lesion we taught them in 1841 ; and to inculcate that lesson was my principal object in desiring to see an overwhelming Tory majority resulting from the Whig Reform franchise , after an existence of nearly ten years , during the whole of which time the Tories were annually augmenting their forces , became property was the standard of franchise , and they possessed a majority of the property of the country .

      We taught Russell and the Whigs the wholesome lesson , thatnpon areal extension of the Suffrage alone they must henceforth depend . Then the Free Traders must I think , one and all , vote for _Duncombe's motion , because it will be a forwarding of the plan upon which they rely for the aceompliahmint of their own object : and if they should refuse to vote for Duncombe , it will tend to increase that popular disgust which already exists against them . We could then charge them with a desire to pick and select party tools for the electoral body , instead of facili tating the means of acquiring the _franchist . I also think that Mr . O'Connell and his party must either vote for Mr . Duncombe ' s motion , or forfeit all claim

      to the confidence of the Irish Trades . Then Young England , and a number of Tories who represent English Boroughs , if they are not united on the question , we shall have the benefit of their disunion . Add to all these chances in our favour , the certainty that &> Robert Peel mast dissolve the _Parliament next year ; and by that time the "bull-frogs" will have felt the effect of his tariff , which will , I assure you , create a considerable schism . Independently of the importance that Mr . Duncombe attaches to the re-Peal of the rate-paying clauses , In his admirable letter to Mr . Drury , I know it is his opinion that a wise _^ presentation of the Trades in London would , especially at the present time , lead to the most important * ndbeneficial results . Intact , I have no hesitation

      in saymg ( although I am by no means authorised to do so ) that Mr . Duncombe , if solicited , would open the Trades' Conference himself , with a clear , comprehensive , and lueid exposition of his views on all _subject s connected with the great movement of the Trades , and the Working Classes generally . Apart hx _» m this auxiliary aid , it is the intention of the _t-hartist Executive to submit two propositions to the _Chartist body : the one before the meeting of

      Con'C _& usn , and the _othor to the Convention : the one is ** * o whether the Executive shall be henceforth ' _^ b y the Convention , or by the several localities ; tod the other , a comprehensive plan for the _registram _<* Ch * rfet voter * . 'knot think that even yet the working classes -J _* _^ _Orient importance to the election of _twsnty Chartist _Members . With the back that such a _Wfy , r ould reoeiTe from without , they could worry CT _oy Government out of existence , or compel then to

      Jfc Rukkds,—One Of The Principal Charges...

      grant our full demand . I conclude , as a matter of course , that the Chartists would not only select good and trustworthy politicians , but that they would also choose the very best speakers : for , in the first instance , honest dummies , who would give honestvotes , would be . comparatively of little ; value . What we want first is good , sound , bold , impudent , self-relying ' healthy , robust orators : men who can speak to the point , and against time , as occasion requires . I had intended to have furnished the Chartist body

      with a compendium of the laws relating to registration—but the subject requires a great deal of reading ; and since I attended the meeting at Marylebone , I have been a close prisoner , labouring under imflammation in one of my eyes , and unable to read . I trust , however , that I have said enough , in addition to what Mr . Duncombe has said much better , to rouse the unrepresented to a sense of that duty which will remain unperformed if not performed by themselves . I am , your faithful servant , _FaiEona O'Connor .

      And National Trades' Journal.

      AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .

      To The Fustian Jackets , Blistered Hands...

      TO THE FUSTIAN JACKETS , BLISTERED HANDS , AND UNSHORN CHINS . Mr Dear Friends , —I have been a close prisoner for now nearly a month , suffering from inflammation in one of my eyes ; and , what is worse , from the inability to take exercise . However , I have not been idle ; for the leisure has enabled me to devote more time to my reply to the tract of Messrs . Chambers ; while the reflection that if I had been a working man I should have been unable to earn my bread , has brought the mournful situation of the invalided operativemore sensitively before me . Ihave nowcompleted the Dialogue . I trust you will find it not the less instructive , if you think it amusing . The only difference that you will perceive between the published work and the advertisement of last week announcing

      its appearance , is , that it contains fifty-six panes instead of forty-eight ; and anxious that every working man should preserve it entire and unsoiled , I have ordered it to be covered with a stout wrapper : so that I think each purchaser wfll have the value of hisfburpenee . The Dialogue having run to a greater length than I had originally intended , the conclusion would occupy too much space in this week ' s Stgr , therefore I am obliged to divide it into two parts . The conclusion shall appear in next Saturday ' s Star . I cannot , while on the subject , refrain from publishing the following admirable letter , which appeared in the Glasgow Examiner of the 28 th of December . It bears fully , and very cleverly , on the subject of the Dialogue ; while it has the further advantage of coming from a working man .

      I remain , your faithful servant , Fbiegus _O'Coxsor

      _TBADES _CXIOXS . To Hit Editor of the Glasgow _Eeanansr . Sib , —The public mind being greatly excited at the present time with Trades Unions , I haTe a desire to express , through the medium of your valuable paper , the -flews which I hold on the subject , in order that the trades may arrive at a knowledge of the least objectionable system of protecting labour . It must be apparent to all thinking men , that unless the whole trades of Great Britain form themselves into a great national union for the protection of labour , the condition of the working classes will daily become worse .

      We see the masters bandied together for the protection of capital—everybody of speculators are united for their respective interests , while labour alone is unprotected , and will be until such time as the toiling masses do their own work . We see , through the medium of the public press , that all parties are preparing for the next session of _. Parliament . The bankers , the cotton lords , the sugar lords , the tea merchants , and malt manufeetwers , are all at work for themselves , while the working classes seem to haTe no interest to protect , as they stand still in an isolated state , or , what is just as bad , only united in sections or isolated trades .

      The experience of the past proves to a demonstration that no isolated trade has yet been able to protect itself from the encroachments of capital on their rights . The history of Trades Unions has been a continued struggle between capital and labour , and in nine cases out of ten capital has been triumphant . Xet us only take a glance at the results from the various strikes which have taken place in all the great manufacturing districts . What benefit did the Cotton-spinners derive from the great strike a few weeks backt Although out for about nine months , labourers were obliged to yield to the superior power of capital . Similar results flowed from the Engineers _' _eight-months'strike , although £ 8 , 000 was expended ; and only last summer 30 , 000 Goal Miners , with ad association of nearly 100 , 000 strong at their back , were compelled also to bow to capital .

      True , certain trades have been successful for a time . When there was an extra demand for labour , employers have been compelled to concede 5 or 10 per cent , of an advance ; but as soon as a depression in business came upon them , then 23 or 30 per cent , of a reduction was the consequence . Now , sir , it is agreed that there is a cause for everything , and , of course , there must be one for this also ; and the query is , what Is it that enables capital to control labour ? In my opinion the power which the employers possess is the result of a variety of causes , of which the foUowing are the principal : —

      1 st The employer has political power , while the labourer has none . 2 d . They haTe the capital of the ceuntry in their hands —the labourer wants it 3 d . The employers are united , the labourers isolated . Certain parties deny that the capitalist derives any power over labour through political power being in their bands . But I would just ask , would the Dorchester labourers or the Glasgow ¦• cotton-spinners have been transported , if the employed had equal political power with the employer ! Or would the hundred of thousands who petitioned the legislature last summer for a reduction in the hours of labour in factories have been disregarded , while the petitions of the employers ware attended to , if those who _comnose the Itsdslatura had to annear before

      the working men at an election to solicit their votes 5 b , sir . Would they treat labour as they have done ? Through the political power of the country being in the hands of the higher and middle classes—who of course are the employers—it gives them a power which no party , whether employer or employed , ought to possess ; through it they become the judges in our courts of law , and in the highest courts compose the jury ; so that if disputes arise which must be settled by law , labour stands the crouching slave to capital . With regard to capital conferring a power in the employer to control labour , there can be no doubt in the mind of any man . Whenever a strike takes place in any particular trade , the stock in the hand of the employer becomes enhanced in value ; the supply being stopped , the amount of that commodity decreases ,

      and of course the price increases . Por example , the coal-miners iu England struck work ; immediately the price of coal was doubled in the London market ; by the time the stock was sold off _ths men were hungered out , having nothing to fall back upon ; and consequently the labourer was the loser , while the employer was a gainer , having three times the amount of profit when the men were idle that they had while they were at work . If the men applied for parochial aid , the matter was the poorlaw guardian ; and if they went to beg , they were seized on by the police , and brought before the master in the shape of a magistrate . That the employer derives a power from being united , we have a good example in the late _struggle between Mr . King- , of Glasgow , and hi * hand-loom weavers . When his men struck for an

      advance of wages , the other employers in the same line of business turned out all their men in order to stop the supplies ; the consequence of winch was , that King ' s men -were ohliged to yield . This , sir , I consider sufficient to prove that the power of capital is supreme , so long as the various trades are in an isolated state—without capital and legislative pewer . Another query arises —is there no remedy S Sow , sir , I am fully of opinion that there is yet much in the power of the working classes to ameliorate their own condition . In order to secure protection for labour , or a fair day ' s wage for a

      fair day's work , the labourers must have an equal share of the political power of the country with the other ciasses of the community . Secondly , they must be united in a national capacity , not as at present , in single trades ; the whole trades of gmt Britain must be _consolidated , and they must be in the possession of capital . The working classes have the means at their command : if they make onion , energy , and determination their motto , they are sure to be crowned with success . Tours respectfully , A WOXKIX 0 _Mi ¥ .

      To The Rechabites. London, 4th Dec. 1844...

      TO THE RECHABITES . London , 4 th Dec . 1844 . Gwenjaas , —I have much pleasure in publishing for your information the following correspondence , which appeared in the Glasgow Examiner of the 28 th of last month , relative to the legality of your Society , and the senseless attack made by Mr . O'Connell on your body . The subjoined letter of Mr . John Tidd

      To The Rechabites. London, 4th Dec. 1844...

      Pratt , the certifying barrister , at once sets the question of legality at rest . I am , Gentlemen , your obedient servant , _Feasqus O'Conhob .

      London, 4th Dec., 1844.' S '»> —I Receiv...

      London , 4 th Dec ., 1844 . ' s »> —I received your letter of the 29 th of _November _, and , not being the proper person to interpret Acts of Parliament , I thought it tha best course to send your letter to Mr . Tidd Pratt , the barrister appointed by Government to examine and attend to all kinds of Benefit Societies ; and I enclose his answer , which coincides with my opinion , as to the nature of your Society , and that you are not in the condition stated by Mr . O'Connell . Your object is highly praiseworthy ; and I hope all of you will long endeavour to maintain your independence , without having recourse to parish funds or eleemosynary aid to support yourselves and families , as your Society purposes . I think the Act you allude to stated that " no _Secitty should have ( he privilege of placing its funds with the Commissioners of Savings Banks unless they submitted their rules to Mr . Tidd Pratt . " But there is nothing against such Societies as jours , provided thej do not correspond with other Societies . I am ready at all times to aid the working man , and always happy if he _wiU attend to my advice . I am , yours truly , Josirn Home . Mr , Geo , Walter , Glasgow .

      Southwell, 3rd Dec, 1844^ L£R Db Ab Sir,...

      Southwell , 3 rd Dec , 1844 _^ l £ r _Db ab Sir , —Tour letter of the 30 th I received at this place this morning . I have read the enclosed , and cannot conceive on what ground it is stated that a society formed for the relief of the members in sickness or distress , can he said to he illegal , or the members liable to any punishment . Such societies , _ifenroTUd under 10 Geo . IV ., c . 56 , have certain privileges ; hut there is no legal provision subjecting any _unmnUtd friendly society or members to penalt y or punishment , unless they come within the meaning of the two acts passed some years ago , against Corresponding Societies—that is , if they have branch committees and district officers or delegates , or separate treasurers or officers for districts ; but if the society is held at one place , and its affairs conducted by one set of officers , I am clearly of opinion that there is no legal provision against such a society . There certainly was no act passed lately declaring all such societies that did not exist under 10 Geo . IV ., c . 56 , to he illegal ; but , on the contrary , by a late act , societies enrolled under the previous acts relating to friendl y societies , are not obliged to be enrolled under 10 Geo . IV ., c . 56 ( to retain the privileges of these acts ) , until they alter their rules . I am , dear sir , yours sincerely , John Tidd Pbatt .

      ^Rjyfitcjn Sntelltgetu*.

      _^ _rjyfitcjn _Sntelltgetu _* .

      Spain. The Butcher Narvaez.—In The Absen...

      SPAIN . The Butcher Narvaez . —In the absence of any news of importance from Spain , we give the following portrait of the butcher Narvaez drawn by the ( anything but democratic ) correspondent of the Times This portrait may be interesting hereafter , when justice shall have had her own on the person of this monster : — Narvaez is by no means an effective or an impressive speaker . His style of delivery is harsh , abrupt , and exceedingly brusque . His language is by no means correct , and his strong Andalusian accent ;—in his mouth of rather a vulgar kind—his frequent repetitions of the same words two or three times in the same sentence , render it quite evident that , however he may be more or less distinguished when

      heading a charge of cavalry , he was never intended to be a popular orator . Neither has nature been too lavish of her physical gifts to the President of the Council of Ministers . He is under the middle size , rather stout than otherwise , and awkwardly put together . His countenance his plain , and extremely forbidding ; and his downcast eyes have an angry and scowling expression . His thick moustachios _, of a Monde colour , contrast oddly with the well-combed , well-oiled , and somewhat ample black wig with which his head is rather coquetti 9 hly covered ; and though he dresses in a smart style , and his clothes are put on with all the fastidious neatness of a view garcon , studs , gloves and all , unexceptionable , yet Narvaez presents neither a _dignifiad nor a graceful

      appearance . His tone of voice iff harsh , and his gestures have no relation to what artists call the line of beauty , but are what elocution masters would denominate angular . The movements of his arm would lead one to suppose that he was practising the sword exercise , and are principally in the cut-and-thrust style of _delivery . As Narvaez is not blessed with the faculty of uttering very agreeable things in public , you will easily believe that the personal disadvantages he labours under , and which are , of course , no fault of his , do not much tend to render him a favourite as a popular speaker . __ The inveterate habit Narvaez has of introducing into his rather curious harangues the name of the Deity , and in a manner that is only suited to the barrack-yard , the guard-room , or the

      atternoonstableparade , is an additional characteristic , of by no means an agreeable kind , in his style of oratory . Siich is not the custom . even of Spanish gentlemen ; and it is evident that so gentlemanlike , and no doubt so fastidious , a person as Martinez de la Rosa , who generally sits by Iiim , must feel pained , in common with every one of any delicacy of mind , at such displays . Narvaez , too , contrives to turn every subject , no matter what , in a military point of view . The beginning , middle , and close of his speeches , if such they can be called , might be stereotyped . The pistol and the sabre of the dragoon are said to form prominent and permanjpt features in them , no matter what , or how different from military matters , the object under consideration mav be .

      Reported Escape of Zurbano . —The correspondent of the 2 tmeswrites as follows : —I am assured that accounts havo been received here this day of the safe arrival in Portugal of General Zurbano . He was escorted to the frontier by strong parties of _coutrabandistas , who relieved each other alternately from post to post ; and who faithfully performed their engagement to conduct him safe out of the Spanish territory , notwithstanding the immense reward they knew they were sure of if they had betrayed him to the government . Private letters from the Basque

      provinces state that the Carlists are beginning to stir in that part of Spain : and that they are co-operated with by tho refugees _ir > France . 1 should not be _surprised 5 Much Were the SOU-. The _consciousness that all hope is lost for marrying the Queen to the Prince of the Aaturias , and the abolition of the Basque fueros in the new Constitution , would be a sufficient motive for them to attempt something like a rising . I doubt , however , whether any such event is likely during the present or _the next month . When the fine weather sets in it may be another

      question . Arrests at Figueras . —The Fhare of Bayonne states , from Catalonia , that on the 30 th ult . fourteen persons were arrested at Figueras , on a charge of having taken part in the plot , at the head of which was General Amettler . PORTUGAL . _Lisbox , Dec . 31 . —The Cortes will be opened on the 2 nd of January . Meanwhile Costa __ Cabral has made a new batch of eight peers , of which he himself is one , the others being—1 . His colleague of Foreign Affairs , Gomez de Castro ; 2 . _Pimentel Freire ; 3 . F . Caldeira Pinto Leitao ; 4 . Don Carlos de Mascarenhas ( Commander of the Municipal Guard and brother to the Marquis de Fronteira ); 5 . Don Manuel de Portugal ; 6 . Baron da Vargem ; and 7 . Count Sabugal . The Cortes will be opened by commission , the Queen being too far advanced in her pregnancy to be able to attend on the occasion . The young royal cub is daily expected .

      GREECE Athens , Dec . 22 . —The do-nothing legislature is yet in statit quo . The President has not yet been elected . From every province the most deplorable accounts continue to be received of offences against life and property , and of the shameful neglect and apathy of the public authorities . At Missolonghi the inhabitants cannot venture beyond the walls of their town , except in armed bodies numerous enough to check the audacity of the brigands that are constantly prowling in the neighbourhood . In the Gulf of Corinth it is unsafe for vessels to navigate , unless

      well armed . Not many days ago an Ionian paranga , from Patras , having 2 , 000 dollars on board belonging to a Mr . Ingato , a British merchant of that town , being obliged by stress of weather to put into the port of Galaxidi , was assailed in the night time by a party from the shore , and with difficulty beat off the brigands , after a short fight , iu which three of the crew were wounded—one of them severely . Notwithstanding several shots were exchanged , no one from the shore came to their assistance ; and , although on the next morning they were able to identify one of the robbers , who actually belonged to the town-guard , the magistrate * would not arrest him .

      UNITED STATES . Speech oi President Pout . —By the fast sailing American _ahip General Parkhill , Captain M'Kown , we have several days' later dates from _Charleetown than those previously received , She left the Bar on the 16 th ult . ' Speech op _Jamcb K . Polk . —The Nashville Union of the 30 th nil . gives the following report of a speech delivered by the President elect , Col . Polk , on th _» previous day , on the occasion of his reception at Nash ville , In reply to an address from Mr . Nicholson , he

      Spain. The Butcher Narvaez.—In The Absen...

      rose and replied as follows : —' . ' I return to you , sir , and to my fellow citizens , whose organ you are , my unfeigned thanks for this manifestation of the popular regard and confidence , and for the congratulations which you have been pleased to express to me , upon the termination and result of the late political contest . I am fully sensible -that these congratulations are not . , and cannot be , personal to myself . It is the einineilt success of , our common principles which has spread such general joy over the land . The political struggle through which the country has just passed has been deeply exciting . Extraordinary causes have existed to make it so . It has terminated—it is now oyer—and I sincerely hope and believe , has been _decided by the sober and settled judgment of the

      American people . In exchanging mutual congratulations with each other upon the result of the late election , tho _^ Democratic party , should remember , in calmly reviewing the contest , that the portion of fellow citizens \ vho __ have differed with us in opinion have equal _rhjhts with ourselves ; that minorities as well as majorities are entitled to the full and free exercise of _thsir opinions and judgments ; and that the rights of ai ! , whether of minorities or majorities , as such are entitled . to equal respect and regard . In rejoicing , therefore , over the success of the Democratic party , and of their principles , in the late election , it sliould bos in no spirit of exultation over the defeat of our oiponents ; but it should be because , as wo honestly

      believe , our principles and policy are better calculated than theirs to promote the' true interests of the country . In the position in which I have been placed , !» y the voluntary and unsought suffrages of my fellow citizens , it will become my duty , as it will be my pleasure , faithfully and truly to represent , in the executive department of the Government , the principles and policy of the great party of the country who have elevated me to it ; but , at the same time , it is proper that I _should declare that I shall not regard myself as the representative of a party only , but of the whole ueople tf the United States ; and I trust that the future _riolicy of the Government may be such as to secure-Ihe happiness and prosperity of all , without distinction of party . "

      Occupation or the Oregon Territory—Abolition Riots . —Liverpool , Jan 8 . —We have received this _afternoon , by the New York packet ship ' . St . Patrick ) Captain Seymour , | papers from that city to the iCth Dec . inclusive . The chief feature of the intelligence in the papers is the introduction into the House of Representatives of a bill for the extension of the jurisdiction of the United States over the territory of the Oregon . ¦ Its reception was not accomplished without a division upon the motion to suspend the rules ; the result of which was—ayes , 129 , noes , 53 ; being a majority of seventy-six in its favour . The bill was subsequently read a first and second time , and referred to the Committee on Territories . It is' evident , therefore , that the measure

      will receive the final sanction of the House . The _reception it will encounter in the Senate will probably be of an entirely opposite nature . The bill _"introdajed by l / ti . Duncan , to establish a uniform day for the appointment of presidental electors , had passed the House of Representatives . The arrival brings accounts of a dreadful conflict between a party of Kentucky shareholders and Ohio Abolitionists . It appears that negro slaves from Kentucky are constantly passing to Canada through the State of Ohio , facilities for such escapes , it is said by some being established throughout the latter State by the Abolitionists . On the 9 th ult . a party of •' negro hunters" from Kentucky , hearing that runaway slaves were secreted in the houses of Robert Miller and Absalom King , two Abolitionists ,

      residing in Brown s County , Ohio , near the town ot Georgetown , proceeded to the residence of the former and fliscovered two of the slaves , who attempted to escape ; and while Miller was in the act of aiding their escape he was knocked down and stabbed repeatedly by the incensed Kentuckians . He lingered but a few moments and died . . The two slaves were then lound , when they proceeded to the house of King , where they were met by four or five armed men , who declared their determination to resist any search of the house . Both parties being well armed , - a most horrible conflict ensued . A son of Colonel Towers was killed immediately . King , while reloading some of the fire-arms in the house , was shot by some one through the window in the back part of

      the house , and was not expected to survive . The sheriff and his posse arrived and checked the riot , and the ringleaders of each party were arrested . But another band of Kentuckians soon arrived and commenced another scene of bloodshed . One of the slaves was hung without ceremony for resisting a brother of Colonel Towers , who had captured him . The houses of Miller and King were bnrnt to the ground , with all their contents . They then went to the house of Mr . Alexander _Gilliland , tore him away from his family , and beat him until his life was despaired of . The latest accounts add that the Kentuckians were increasing in numbers , and the whole neighbourhood was up in arms . The sheriff was exerting himself to suppress the riot .

      WEST INDIA MAIL .-NEWS FROM MEXICO . Southampton , Sunday . —The Royal Mail Company ' s steam-ship Forth , Lieut . Chapman , commander , arrived this morning at half-past nine o ' clock _, from the West Indies , bringing the usual mails . The Forth brings intelligence from Mexico to the 1 st of December . It confirms that previously sent by way of New York , and published in the papers of that city . We liave now additional particulars , although the revolution had not taken any particular tone . General _Paredcs had taken up his quarters at Largos . He is described as about fifty years of age , of determined valour , and very popular in all parts of the country , notwithstanding it is generally admitted he it not likely to hold the reins of government for a long period . He has already lowered the import and export duties to fifty per cent ., in those states on the western coast which have pronounced in his favour . He has also taken off the contributions

      for the . impending war with Texas—a measure that had given great satisfaction . General Parades ' army consists of about 2 , 600 men , only 1 , 000 of which are old soldiers , the rest being raw recruits , many of whom enlisted as volunteers . He has only five pieces of cannon , and _thost aro of small calibre . ¦ Santa Anna ' s troops , on the contrary , consist of about 10 , 000 men , principally infantry , and a small proportion of cavalry , and 30 pieces of ordnance . It iB , however , much doubtecf whether the troops will remain firm to him , especially oii going _iii'l _* action , although h _& had taken the precaution of making them , swear allegiance . Otherwise , with this overwhelming force , it is likely that Santa Anna . will succeed in defeating General Paredes . He marched with his troops towards Largos just before the Forth sailed , and the report prevalent there was that General Paredes , hearing of his approach , had made a retrograde movement . It

      was merely a report , and no positive dependence can be placed on it . The state of Guanaxuato had not declared for either party . It is a very important one , in comparison to the others , and the fate of Santa Anna will much depend upon its declaration for or against the revolution . It is stated on good authority that Santa Anna can placo no great faith in either his soldiers or officers . Some of the latter , during the march towards Largos , had spoken freely , and much more so than was agreeable to his ears . He had them immediately put under arrest , to the number of eleven , and afterwards Bhot with very little ceremony . There was a slight commotion , or rather outbreak , at Vera Cruz , a few days previously to the departure of the Forth , but the Commandant-General , Quixano , took energetic and immediate steps to suppress it . Otherwise the place was quiet , and so was Tampico . This revolution may be considered as the most popular that has ever broken out in Mexico . The whole

      country , to a voice , is in favour of it , and in case of failure on the part of Santa Anna , in his attack on General Paredes , an important change will take place . Santa Anna is admitted to be a clever man ; but his character is so well known that he is detested by the whole nation . General Paredes is known to bo » brave soldier , honest , and likely to be of immense benefit to his country , in case of success ; but there is a Lucas Aleman , in Mexico , the people wish to see President , and it is not at all improbable that , should the revolution succeed , he will be elected . It is understood that General Paredes has no great wish for tlio honour , his object being , in this movement , to place his country on a better footing .

      LATER FROM MEXICO . Progress ot thi Revolution . —{ From the New York Sun , December 16 _tf » , 1 S 44 . )—Intebestinq and _IuronnifT _iNTEixiaBicoB . —The rumours of further revolts against the present Government , to which we alluded on Saturday , are fully confirmed . By the southern mail of Saturday afternoon , we received letters and papers from Vera Cruz , of date 21 st ult ., being one day later . We give our correspondent's letter , viz .: —Vera Cruz , Nov . 21 st , 1844 . —Since mine of yesterday morning , we have received the most astounding intelligence , more than confirming the reports from tho interior then detailed . Couriers were _trrivinj here yesterday evening and last night , announcing revolt after revolt . Seven departments or states have declared against Santa Anna , and he is reported to have taken flight for this city , on his way to the Island of Cuba , where he will probably seeka temporary asylum . I am not without hope that we may be able now to restore the constitution of 1824 , overthrowing the present union of Church and State

      Spain. The Butcher Narvaez.—In The Absen...

      ( which is sucking our life blood ) , and obtain a Government more like that under which you of the north repose in happiness and peace . God . grant that we may be successful . . The states now against Santa Anna , are : —Guanaxuata , Xalisco ( or Guadalaxara ) , San Louis Potosi , _Zacetecas , Durango _, Queretaro , and Meclwacan , being the seven principal states of Central Mexico . The states of Mexico and Vera Cruz , garrisoned as they are by Santa Anna's favourite troops ( whom he has paid well , and taken good caro of , each soldier being provided with a mistress ) , have declared against the revolution . We bave yet to hear from the south , north , and north west . With valiant and patriotic Yucatan , Tobasco _, and Chiapas in the south ; Chihuahua , Sonora _, and Sinaloa , New

      Mexico , Santa Fe , and _Calliforniajin the north and northwest , the revolution will bo complete . I do not think there is a doubtful state among them . While on his way to Xalisco , to put down Paredes , intending to march through the city of Mexico , Santa Anna received the accounts from the interior , and with it the report that the army of the Revolution numbered thirty thousand men . This intelligence , with signs of discontent greeting him in every direction , prouably caused his retreat . The Committee of Investigation in Congress , to which was referred the charge against him for embezzlinc five millions of dollars

      from the public treasury , havo not yet reported . In anticipation of that report , he had resolved upon testing the strength of his opponents , discharging Gen . Arista from the command of the northern division of the army , threatening Paredes with a court martial ,, and courting their opposition with the hope of gaining new laurels in a war of extermination against all who opposed him , Returning to Mexico as a conqueror , he expected to be able to bring Congress into his views . Should the fates be against him , he will retire to Spain , or perhaps to England , where he has invested five or six millions of dollars , upon which he can live comfortably for the rest of his days .

      The New Orleans Jeffersonian says : "A private letter received in this city by the schooner Water Witch , states that it is the general opinion in that city , that Santa Anna ' s administration was about to be overthrown . More than thirty thousand of the citizens were under arms , and the gates of the city would be closed against him in case ho should seek refuge there in Ms failing fortune . " Massacres by the Indians . —Our papers from the interior by this arrival ( schooner Water Witch at New Orleans fith insfc _, from Vera Cruz ) are several days later . We have full files and letters from Mexico , Oavaca , Zacetacas , San Louis Potosi , Santa Anna , Menterey , Durango , Sonora , Tobasco , Chiapas , and other places in the interior . Alliances between

      the several Indian tribes and tho government of Texas , are producing results which will make the Mexicans deplore their last attempt to invade Texas . The latter has found powerful allies in the formidable Indian tribes inhabiting themountains and deserts of Mexico . Many of the tribes are said to be under the command of white officers , and display all the skill of European warfare . In Chihuahua , on the ISth of October , a band of the Camanche Indians , to the number of about 500 , made an attack on the town , and after carrying off considerable booty , retired . These Indians were all well aimed and mounted on horses . Natives from the department of Tamaulipas , states that a large body of Indians had commenced their attacks . Letters from Mier ' also give

      accounts of attacks of the Indians in that neighbourhood . A body of men , eighty-three in number , went out to meet the Indians , but being driven back , "they retircd to a house for safety . This the Indians immediately surrounded and set fire to , and then as fast as the Mexicans came out , killed them . About fifty were burned to death , and the rest within killed , or very badly wounded . The editor of El Gejen , from which we take the above , says : —It is believed , and with good reason too , from the new system with which these Indians fight and manoeuvre , that they are accompanied by some Texians . At Guadalaxara the store of a Mexican , named Lana , was broken into and twenty-ono thousand dollars in specie , and bars ' of silver and gold , taken off by the Indians . Accounts from Linares state that an attack was also made in that neighbourhood . The Gaceta del Qdbierno says :

      —These Indians were never known to act with so much decision before , and it is belieued they are accompanied either with Mexican rebels , or Texians . The city of Victoria , in the department of Durango , has been attacked by large bands of Indians from the neighbouring mountains . At the approach of the Indians , who were upwards of 8 , 000 in number , parts of the inhabitants fled to the prison , others to the larger buildings , while upwards of five hundred women and children , unable to escape , were killed in cold blood . A large number were also wounded _. The Indians , after pillaging the city , and carrying off all the horses and mules , retired to the Cordilleras . These are only a few of the Indian massacres perpetrated between tho 10 th of October and 5 th of November . Over a thousand persons are believed to have been murdered , burned , or scalped between the dates named .

      NEW 2 EALAND . ( Extract from a letter dated Auckland , June _27 , 1844 J Our manner of life here is much the same as that described in tho back-woods of America , simple and independent , except that , being near a seaport , we have perhaps more comforts . In this mild climate we have but few wants ; we feel neither the extreme of heat nor cold ; in this part of New Zealand the thermometer in the shade seldom rises higher than 75 degrees , and snow never falls . The house in which we now are is a vegetable production ; the framework of wood , covered with a kind of rash , which is very plentiful ; the whole is constructed without a nail ( except the doors ) , being tied together with the native flax ; here they are very comfortable ,

      although m England you would not much like them . The general features of the country are stern and mountainous , with an abundance of rivers , creeks , and lakes ; volcanic action is everywhere visible ; in this neighbourhood there are about thirty extinct volcanoes , which gave a sombre character to all the views . Towards tho middle of the island there are several in activity . Springs appear to be abundant , as well as minerals of various descriptions . Slight earthquakes are said to be common . Although tho climate is wet and windy , especially in winter , we have a far greater proportion of sunshine than in England ; it appeal's to be on this account

      ilisb many of the English fruits do not _appear to flourish here . Society in these colonies is very different from that in England . Of the gentler , fairer part of the creation , I cannot say much , as , in sooth ,. ! ' , have not mixed much in their society ; suffice it to say , that for the most part they are not pretty . Tho progress of a young _eolo-vy presents an' interesting spectacle . To the first emigrants affairs wear a dreary aspect ; no house to receive them after a long voyage ; no shelter but ' a tent ; no bed but the ground , or plenty of green fern , whieh is no bad substitute . They get to work , and affairs rapidly change : every day adds to the comforts ; every acre of land reclaimed from nature adds to the wealth of the

      colony ; houses appear to spnngupby magic . We sometimes see comfortable small weather-board houses where a fortnight previously the fern grew uncleared . Tho New _Zealandcrs are an interesting race . They are , I think , on an average , alittle taller than our own countrymen ; Borne of the men have good features , but the women are almost universally ugly . The general dress of both sexes is the blanket ; one tied round the middle , and another flung loosely over the shoulders as a cloak . They assume European dresses whenever they can get them ; and as they are fond of gaudy colours , they often cut a funny figure . There is a remarkable difference between the chiefs and the common people ; this has been noticed by different _navigators to be the case in

      nearly all the isles of the Pacific : they are all generally taller , their forms of a finer mould , their features aquiline , and their foreheads broad . The features of the common sort are very different—the nose rather short , the lips inclining to be thick , and they are generally destitute of that intellectual expression which the chiefs possess . In intellectual powers these people are inferior to nonea < The children are very precocious . The natives in general , especially the young men , are noisy anil boisterous , fond of fun , and particularly of jokes ; it is this that has given them the name of the Irishmen of the South , although they will beat most Irishmen in driving a bargain ; in their dealings they are Jews . The natives are , in their own way , pretty industrious , but they do not like work for a length of time .

      Some of them I have heard express their surprise at the Europeans being always at work . The labour of three months in tho year in their India-corn plantations and potatoes is sufficient to provide them with the absolute requisites of life ; and most of them do not see much good in spending the other nine in hard work . They are all extremely fond of money , and many are ambitious to obtain European comforts and to assume European manners . Their old mode of salutation—namely , rubbing noses , is fast falling into disuse , and has given place to the shake of the hand and the formal bow . Consumption is a dreadful scourge among them . The natives will , I think , advance rapidly in civilization ; and I hope England will at last awake to tho sens * of that injustice towards the Aborigines which has » ta the records of other colonies .

      Spain. The Butcher Narvaez.—In The Absen...

      SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE . , Collisions oppPltmouth . —In consequence of the prevalence of the late easterly wind a great number : i " of merchant ship ping have taken shelter in Plymouth _i Sound . On Friday , the 3 rd inst ., the wind having - _^ veered towards the south , most of these vessels ; left the port , and the Sound was occupied only by Rus-., ; sian , Prussian , and other ships bound to northern por ts , which continue frozen . On Saturday the schooner True Blue , of Bristol , Laurence master , from Newport , with coal , for Rouen , returned to Ply- * mouth , having been in contact with the brig William >• Wilberforce ,: of Ilfracombe , Huxtable riiaster , from Newport , with coal , for Southampton . The schoonei i was struck amidships , her bulwarks and stanehioni : . carried away , and as she appeared to be going down , ;; her captain and crew jumped aboard the brig , leaving '¦ ' one hand asleep in the forecastle . Finding ; how * ever , that the True Blue did not sink , they rejoined

      her , and first ascertaining there was no water m the cabin , tried her pumps , which proved dry , they agaiiw took charge . By this time the brig had made sail - to proceed on her voyage , and Captain Laurence was ' obliged to pull six miles in Hyde ' s pilot boat before . ? he could ascertain his name and other _particulars-Ihe same day the schooner Sophia , of London , Cap- > tain Bock , from the Mediterranean , with sulphur , < _uoand to London , was brought in by a Brixham pilot ; smack , having heeii in collision with the brig Pan- ' dora , Captain Cunningham , from Cardiff , with iron , for Lynn . In this ease the brig's bow first caught the end of the schooner ' s main boom , and snapping the spar in pieces , struck and damaged her taffrau ana larboard quarter . Captain Cock , his mate , and boy , thinkingthcschoonerwouldgodown _. leftthree hands in the forecastle , and took refuge on board the Pandora , which vessel returned to Plymouth shortly after the Sophia was brought in . Providentially there were no lives lost in either of these collisions .

      Shipwreck and Loss op Three Lives . —During the snow-storm on Wednesday night ., at ten f . m ., the fine ship Massasoit ( of Plymouth ) , Capt . -Barry , from Calcutta , with a valuable cargo of India goods ,. in attempting to enter Boston harbour , struck on Point Alderton Bar , near Boston light , and became a wreck , the sea breaking over her . Soon after she struck , three seamen attempted to swim on shore ; but two were drowned , and tho other reached the shore with great difficulty . The next morninir the remainder of those on board were saved by the life-boat , with thi exception of Mi " . Stephen C . Holbrook , a _passenges who was sick , and who , despite all efforts to save him , was unhappily drowned . —New York Sun , Did . 18 _& . Brazils . —The brig John Dalton , from Sydney Aug . 13 , for London , when off Cape Negro , on tha night of Nov . 11 , and intending to put into Rio , encountered a gale ; when the captain was induced

      to throw out an anchor with forty fathoms of chain ; the force of tho storm , however , drove hor up high on the beach , and a lady passenger was drowned . The Toronto , in the Downs , from New York , experienced a heavy gale from N . E ., 11 th ult ., lat . 39 , Ion . 62 , spoke the brig Hogsden , of Boston , dismasted . The Conservative , from Galveston to Liverpool , was wrecked on Long Key Shoal , Nov . 25 , crew saved , cargo saved in a damaged state . A ship , of about 800 tons , coppered , was passed , bottom up , and with stern-boat and spars floating near hove , 24 th ult ., lat . 41 , Ion . 59 , by tho St . Patrick , arrived here , which had experienced _yery _serere weather on the day of passing the wreck , and lost maintop gallant * masts , sprung foremost , & c ., and was obliged to slip from an anchor . A long line of muddy water , stretching as far as the eye could reach , and supposed to rise from a sunken guano ship , was passed Oct . 27 , lat . 23 , Ion . 7 , by the Clydcside _, arrived at Cork .

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      Vol. Yih. No. 374 London, Saturday, Janu...

      VOL . YIH _. NO . 374 LONDON , SATURDAY , JANUARY 11 , ; 1845 . ; ¦ v ; _^ _^ S _^ S ™ _g-jL _^ -

      Dreadful Disasters In America. The Secon...

      DREADFUL DISASTERS IN AMERICA . The Second Editionof the New York Sun , of Deo . 7 th , contains the following : — Awful Conflagration and Loss of Life . —Tho large and splendid bridge at Harrisburgh , Penn , caught nre in tho centre on "Wednesday , the 4 th inst . from the sparks of' a locomotive , and burned with great rapidity . Soon the great central arch , which was elevated about forty feet above the river , gave way and fell . The fire extended to the western shore , and consumed all before it , the toll-houses and tavern stand being saved , but the smaller buildings wer * destroyed . . The arches east of the fire continued to burn rapidly , one falling every ten minutes , and giving way at the fifth pier . Instead of breaking off , as was anticipated , at the middle , where it was weakened , it broke short off at the fourth pier , and the whole span , with some fifty men and dovb upon it , was precipitated into the river . The

      breaking off of the bridge in this way had the effect of arresting the conflagration , as it was severed about fifty feet a head of the flames . The beautiful structure , which cost 58 , 000 dollars to erect , was destroyed in fa few hours , leaving only tho naked piers . The entire superstructure , except three or four spans on the Harrisburgh side , is totally destroyed . The loss t ° the company cannot be short of sixty or seventy thousand dollars . The most deplorable part of the disaster is the loss of life and personal injury inflicted by the fall of tho span . lulled : Mr . Jouslihg , a cordwainer : a young man named Shoemaker ; a young man named Dumas ; a young man from Mechanisburg , Cumberland county , name unknown . Several persons , residents of the borough , are known to be drowned , but their bodies have not yet been recovered . Others have had their backs broken , and legs and aims crushed , Not less than fifty were killed and wounded .

      Dreadful Tragedy . —Two Murders and oxb Suicide . —The Eaton ( Ohio ) Register of the 2 Gth ult . relates the following most terrible tragedy . Mr . Elam Stevenson , a respectable farmer of Duke county , residing about nine miles north of Greenville , Ohio , was murdered whilst asleep , with one member of hi _» family , on Friday last . He retired to bed as usual , in peace and quiet , with Ms wife and children . At a late hour of the night , as supposed , when the husband and cliildren had fallen asleep , the wife arose , and having adjusted her clothing , sallied forth , procured an axe , and returning with the same , stealthily approached the bed of her sleeping companion , and raising the deadly weapon

      sunk it deep into his skull , cut and mangled him horribly , causing immediate death . She then went to the hed of the slumbering children—a small boy . and girl—and renewed her work of destruction . The head of the little boy was almost severed from his body—supposed to have been done with a razor ; the little girl was severely though not mortally wounited . The wife—now supposing she had destroyed the whole of the family—left the house . Having gone a short distance from the dwelling , with a bridle in hand , she attached the rein of it to a young sapling , and there put an end to her own existence , by strangulation . The axe and razor were found near her remains . The children , it appear * , were Mr . Stevenson's by a former wife .

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      Cm- Op London.— At The Hall, 1, Turnagai...

      Cm- op London . — At the Hall , 1 , Turnagain-lane , _- on Sunday morning next-, Jan . 12 , at halt-past ten o ' clock precisely , a public discussion will be hold . Subject : Is our late conquest in China conducive to civilisation ? In the afternoon of the same day , at three o ' clock , in the coffee-room , the Metropolitan District Council will assemble and proceed to the election of a secretary and treasuser . In the evening , at seven precisely , Mr . J . F . Linden will lecture . Subject : The Iniquities of Kingcraft . Southwark and Lambeth . —Mr . T . Clark , of the Executive , will deliver a lecture at the St . George ' s Temperance Hal ! . , lilaekfriar _' s-road , on _Sundayevenina , Jan . 12 , at seven precisely . "'

      _Cambkiiwell ash " _Witwoni u . —A . meeting will , be held at the Montpelier Tavevn ?¦ _Walwevth ; ' on _ijfoaday evening , Jan . 13 , at eight , o ' _clock .. Westminster . —A meeting will be held at the Sun and _Tliirtecn Cantons ( Clock-house ) , Castle-street , Leicester-square , on Sunday evening , at half-past

      seven . An Harmonic Meeting will be held at the Feathers , Warren-street , Tottcnham-court-road _, on Monday , January 13 th , 1845 , at eight o ' clock . The proceeds to be given towards the erection of a Chartisthall in Marylebone , Somers Town . —Mr . Ruffy Ridley will deliver . a lecture at the Bricklayers' Arms , Tonbridge-street , Cromer-street , on Sunday evening next , at half-past seven precisely . Hammersmith , —A meeting will be held at the Dun Cow , Brook-greon-lane , on Tuesday evening next , at eight o ' clock precisely . Warrington . —A meeting of members and friends of the Chartist Association will be held in the Working Man ' s Hall , _Bewscy-istreet , on Sunday evening , at six o ' clock precisely , to examine the yearly account , and to make arrangements for a meeting to memorialise the Queen for . the restoration of Frost , Williams , and Jones .

      Marylebone Locality . —A members' meeting will take placo on Sunday evening , January 12 th , at half-past seven o ' clock , " at the Coach-painters' Arms , Circus-street , New-road . Bf . thnal Green . — A lecture will be delivered by Mr . W . Gardner , at the Whittington and Cat , Churchrow , on Sunday evening next , January the 12 th , Chair to be taken at half-past seven precisely . Chartists Support your Executive . —A Concert and Ball will take place in the large room of the Whittington and Cat , Church-row , Bethnal-green , on Tuesday evening , January 21 st , 1845 . The proceeds to be sent to the Executive . To commence at eight o ' cloek . Tower Hamlets . —Mr . Sewell will lecture on Sunday evening at eight o ' clock , at Mr . Bartram ' s , White Horse , Mary-street , Whitechapel .

      A Sp ecial Meeting of Delegates will be held on Sunday afternoon , at three o ' clock , in Turnagainlane , on business of importance . t Oldham . —On Sunday , Mr . TVm , Bell will _lecturi in the Chartist-room , Greaves street _, at six o ' clock in the evening .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 11, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_11011845/page/1/