Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 11th October 1845, Edition 3 of 4, Page 1

Page 1
Page 1
1 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (3)
    • / BELGIUM. ' (FHOil OKI OW.V USD COMMIS3IOXEB.)
    • fovtimx hxttllmntt
    • C&attist {ntellfsen-ce.
  • Text (11)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      / Belgium. ' (Fhoil Oki Ow.V Usd Commis3ioxeb.)

      / BELGIUM . ' ( FHOil OKI OW . _V USD COMMIS 3 _IOXEB . )

      Letter Iv. To The Working Classes Of Gre...

      Letter IV . TO THE WORKING CLASSES OF GREAT

      BRITAIN AND IRELAND . 1 write this letter from the capital of Sardiuia ; and in my passage here I have been a very strict observer of persons and manners , and of the Land above all things . 1 believe it has been the fashion for travellers to compile thc history of countries either _frem the works of other -writers , or from a very imperfect knowledge acquired through a slender acquaintance with individuals , whose accounts of things are generally tinged by prejudice , or misstated from _ignorance . For these reasons I have resolved upon not falling into this too common practice , —a practice which has naturally gone to add more or less of discredit to the accounts of all travellers .

      There are , however , subjects npon "ftllich no controversy can arise , and upon which the most prejudiced person can form a correct opinion . These are , the appearance , manners , customs , and habits of a people : the necessary , or rather the inevitable , conconsequences which must result from the manage ment of the Laxd of a country ; and , above all , the relation in which the several classes stand to each other . Therefore , as I do not wish to fall into the usual error of travellers , I have rejected , —except for Comment when we meet , —all that I have heard : and I shall content myself with putting you in possession of what I have seen . Some may say : " Mr . O'Connor wants us to believe that he has become

      sufficiently acquainted with the history of Belgium , Prussia , Germany , Nassau , Baden-Baden , France , Switzerland , Austria , Sardinia , the Austrian Italian States , and Lombardy , in a single month , to enable him to instruct the English people on the subject . " I mean no suck thins : but I do mean that I have seen as much as I reqnired to convince me of the correctness of my views on the all-important subject of ihe Lasd , as well as to confirm my oft-expressed opinion _, tliat the monopoly ofthe Land must inevitably

      lead—firstly , to the too great disparity between the classes of a country ; secondly , to the unnatural reliance of a people on the caprice of the monopolists of thc Land for food ; and thirdly , and above all , to thc enactment of bad laws ; and Ttliat Is Still more , to the capricious administration of those bad laws . I have seen thc people and the Land of all the countries I have above named : and I have heard it repeated , over and over again , that the Land of England cannot le ma / le to produce food for its inhabitants .

      I have heard that much of the land of that country is not worth cultivating ; and I have heard thc climate Irreligiously abused as nngenial ; and I have heard that much of the land of England is not worth the trouble or expense of cultivation . I have heard that it is a deeree of Providence that there shall always be poor in THAT land ; and I have heard it said that "the increase ofthe pauper class is a consequence of incrcasedcivilisation . " I have seen barren valleys , and barren hills , and barren slopes , all made larrm in consequence of their proximity to the quicker money-maker— " the tall cldmney . " I have also seen the Alps—the snow-capped Alp 3 of

      Switzerland , and of Sardinia , and of Italy . I have seen the majestic mountains of Liege ; I have seen the high hills of Germany , and ef Baden-Baden , to the foot ot the Black Forest : and I have seen the result of man ' s labour , when unchecked hy mechanical power , displagcd even to tlie vera summits . I have seen a happy and contented pcasantrylivinginthc midst of almost natural sterility ; while I have seen millions starving , or driven to the ocean for sea-weed , whose every-day work it is to make riches out of thc very best land for indolent lords ( who do not like the "trouble" of " business" ) , and insolent squires , and arrogant middlemen , and proud _skopJcecpera , and a tyrannical

      Government . How comes this , yoa Englishmen , and Irishmen , aud Scotchmen ? How comes it , I say , that yen , of whose prowess in arms I hear every where ? How comes it , that YOU , to whose valour many Kings owe their crowns , and whose blood has been shed in torrents to preserve the lands of other countries to tlie uses of their people , should bc like wild beasts at home ? No ; not even like wild beasts ; for as Tiberius Gracchus told the Romans ofhis day : — " Tou _, who have conquered all for others , have not the poor privilege of thc hare , or ths fox , or the tiger . " The hare has her "ibrm , " the fox has his " earth , '' the _tiger has his _"jungle z" while yoa have no resting

      place—even in your paiiish . but are subject to the decree of others as to the place where you shall flee or shelter . And thea what shelter you have . ' when you do arrive atthe place of destination—" no . _VEs " and the _dcad-iton ;! Will you longer believe the Malthnskins , who tell you that tho land of England cannot be subdued aud cultivated to the uses ol her people : and this too in the teeth of the fact , that the people of Switzerlaud , aud of Sardinia , and of Germany , and of other countries , cultivate their mountains almost to the summit ; and that those people are better off in every respect than you are ? Thev are better off , because they have a home ,

      however humble that home may he ; because they are the "FIRST partakers of the frnits" of their own industry ; and because they never are driven to live upon , and to fight for , the bones of horses and of human beings : because they never are dragged from their _besb to the dead-stone before life is extinct ; because their ows house is their own castle ; and because the disparity of classes does not render a provision for the poor necessary to save thc property of the rich , ier , believe mc , my friends , that you would have no seven millions , nor yetseven sixpences a-ycar , in thc shape of poor-rate 3 , if the property of thc rich would be equally secure without them .

      I have been repeatedly asked thc question here on the Continent , " irhat it is that makes the well-fed , well-paid , English working classes so dissatisfied , tur bulcut , and unruly : and I _findjthat most people here take their notions and opinions of you from principals who travel for themselves from the large manufacturing establishments of England ; or from ** bag . men , " who travel far them , and receive orders for your produce . Such is the source from which thc German scribe , Jvow ., received his information of your character ; and such is the source _through which you have heen misrepresented . Every town on the Continent swarms with English Jews ; and their

      representatives abound . On thc other hand , all _intelligent _foreigners , who have _ira-rellcd for information in England , have come to thc very same conclusion : _namclv , that " in _England the men aue too men—AND TIIE POOH AUE TOO POOH : " but then they do not all see that the too _g _^ at riches of the rhhis the cause of the too-great poverty of the poor . When I return , I shall be able to instruct yoa aa many subjects on -which it wculd be impossible to inform you in a letter . Oue thing , however , I mnst tell you here ; and that is , that / have not seen one drunken or tipsy man since I left England . V » * os f o that country where the very

      existence of monar . hy depends on the dissipation ofthepeople . 0 , what wonldlgive that wehada Government " strong" enough to submit its acts to , and to depend for existence npon the seber mind of man . ' _2 s " o Government in the world , _savetllC Government of England , has an interest in drunkenness , lewdness , dissipation , aud depravity . Even the boasted Protestant Church owes its wealth , in a great measure , to brothels , gin-palaces , public-houses , and ali sorts Of obscenity . 0 , how It must mortify men to sec ablebodied Irishmen starving while tilling the very best soil : while here you see families , with little labour , happy in the midst of a wilderness .

      Before I return to Lessines , and the charming Sisters of _Gliarity , and the small farms of Belgium , I must tell yoa , that although you hear little of Sardinia , it is out of all comparison the most splendid couuiry I have ever been in—it Is the garden of Italy . 'The men are the finest race ofmen yon ever beheld . Their roads are , perhaps , thc finest in the world ; much better than thc very best in England . Their mules are worth more than £ 00 a-picee ; that is ,

      the Inst class . Their oxen work npon the roads , and their cows work on the farms , and the young women work in the fields . If you were popped down in Sardinia , you would imagine yourself in England , am ongst the English , were it not for a very slight difference in the hats and shoes of the working classes . In the towns there is no visible difference between the higher and middle classes of the two countries , except that _thosg of Sardinia are very much finer men and better built . 1 must tell you a very

      Letter Iv. To The Working Classes Of Gre...

      funny anecdote that occurred whilst I was detained at Chiapo , one of the frontier towns on the Austrian side of Switzerland . I was there amongst the smugglers , from Sunday morning _tillWednesday night . I was all day ' _^ amongst the peasants , who are very fond of playing : " bowls , " just as they arc played in England , with this exception—that in England they are played in howling-greens or bowling-grounds ; in Switzerland they are played in the streets ; imd the peasants , over channels , and pavements , and all obstructions , play remarkably well so much so , that out of the two bowls of each player , one of each will be within half an inch of the Jack nearly every time . Well , one of the Custom-house officers , in his regi mentals , and a peasant boy were playing a game , and

      mnny were looking on—I amongst the number : when a dispute arose as to which of two bowls was nearest the Jack . Many gave tlieir opinion , but none was satisfactory ; when at last I was appealed to ; and so near were both , that I knelt down on the spot on both knees , and was spying with my glass , all being intent on my decision , when the carriage of an Italian Count passed , with an English gentleman sitting by the Count . At the moment I rose from my knees and gave judgment , surrounded by the peasants , the English gentleman exclaimed to the Count , " Feargus O'Connor , by G—d ! " I thought it laughable and characteristic to he seen in thc mountains o ' Switzerland , surrounded by thc peasants , by one who most likely had often seen me in a similar situation in England .

      I now return to my notice of the del icious hospital of Lessines . The Sisters of Charity wash the floors and the windows , and the whole ofthe hospital ; and do everything with such a grace as to make one wish very much to be sick . Indeed , I had a very bad toothache ; and when I saw the young nnn from Cologne , I had half a mind to ask if it was a malady that came under the category of ills for which persons were admitted into the hospital . The twentyone sisters and the novices dine together ; and 1 never saw a more humble preparation than was

      made for their repast , whicli I am sure was just as humble . I saw an old man eating his soup ; and it was such as you could not excel in the best hotel in London . No skilly—no Lot water and bones ; but real , regular , good soup : and PLENTY of it . To finish on this subject , I shall never , as long as I live , cease to think of this glorious institution , _supposedly its oivn xaxo ; and I never will stop until I see precisely _sush another in every parish in Eng . land , Ireland , Scotland , and Wales . Indeed , I hope to see the " BASTILES" turned into such

      institutions . At Lessines I saw an immense stone quarry , where 050 men were employed . You can form no estimate of the size of this immense excavation . Here the men work in gangs of fifteens and twenties * , and their business is to quarry and dress the stones for building ; but more especially for repairing the roads . All the roads in Belgium are very well paved . At this work thc men earn from 2 s . Id . to 2 s . Cd . a-day each . I am resolved not to be minuto o questions of wages and other details ; and for this reason , because the smaller amount of wages paid to mechanics in Belgium , as compared with what English mechanics receive , lias been made subject of foolish controversy even in the Houso of Commons ; while a very

      necessary branch of the subject has been wholly lost sight of—namely , tlte relative value of money , and what it will do in both countries . 1 told you that at Oldenberg , in Belgium , I dined and had a glass of brandy for Sd . Now , 1 will tell you what I paid on Thursday last , for my dinuer , at the Italiau Hotel , at Arona . Arona is on the bank of the splendid Lake Maggeore , and the hotel of which I speak is the principal one of thc town : and a very fine hotel it is . I had cold veal and jelly ; a splendid veal cutlet ; a large piece of fat boiled beef ; half a roasted f owl ; a dish of French beans ; bread ; cheese ; peaches ; grapes ; cakes of all sorts ; aud A BOTTLE OF WINE—the real juice of the grape , and all for ONE SHILLING AND EIGHT-PENCE—two francs at

      lOd . each . Now , then , can you give some answer to capitalists when they speak of thc " miserable" wages of foreign labourers . Do you , in reply , tell tliem , tliat out of those miserable wages they can save enough to buy land at an enormous price , while , if you could save , you could not get the land to buy , because they and the aristocracy know that the monopoly of the land gives both a monopol y of everything else ; and always bear well in mind the fact , that those who talk about repealing the Corn Laws have no notion of allowing you to grow corn yourselves . Now , above all things , mind that ! I now return to Hal ,

      which I visited again on Sunday and Monday , with a much better interpreter of the Flemish language . I saw a bundle and a half of very middling ground , that a man with a wife and five children had purchased . Before he bought it , he paid at the rate of 1 * 20 francs , or £ 4 16 s . Si . the bundle , and a bundle is an English acre and a quarter . He had a cow and a heifer upon this less than two acres , and would , after supporting his family , have food enough for another cow ; he works the cow , and does not find that it injures her in thc least . None of the children , except one , is old enough to assist him , and that one weeds , and puts out manure . In the winter all the

      children of the neighbourhood go to thc Govern ment ScnooL , and are iu the fields all the summer . For the bundle and half of land he paid £ 320 English , aud the rent w _ b £ 1 oa . ; so that you see in the shape of land securitv , to be WORKED BY HIMSELF , he was well satisfied to have little more than £ 2 per cent , per annum for his money . In Belgium the laud will tell for sixty years' purchase , and all because It a / fords the very best outlay for small capitalists to purchase enough to expend their own labour upon . I visited another spot of ONE BUNDLE , for which , without a house , the occupant paid 100 francs a year , or at

      thc rate of £ 0 Ss . 4 d . for an acre and a quarter . This man had his ground in excellent order , and would purchase it "IF HE HAD THE CHANCE . " lie had a fine cow , a calf , and two pigs ; and now , what I wish particularly to draw your attention to is thc fact , that meu with a wife and five , six , seven , eight , and nine children , can have enough , after living , out of an acre and a quarter of ground , to buy that ground at more than double the price it would fetch in England ; and again , that the land is not one-fifth as good , and that the price of Mirplus produce is not one-half as much ; so that you will see that of all trades in the world for a poor man ,

      farming is the best , and of all countries in the world England is the most favourable , because there is a higher priee for surplus after consumption . Now , my friends , may I not boast of my _consistent in _opposing the _Leaguespontcrs , when I contended that tinway to repeal thc Corn Laws was by allowing eveiy man to he his own producer , and that out of the surplus of millions , we should have more than enough even for all the idlers who now live upon the fat oi thc land , while their laws prevent the people from having enough to cat . In almost all instances 1 found that one of the family worked at some work in the winter at which he earned money ; but in the summer the land required the labour of all . I saw a

      very splendid spot of four bundles , for which the occupant paid 480 frAV . cs a . year—that is , £ 19 4 s . 2 d , a year for exactly five acres witkeuta liouse ; he had three eow 3 and three pics , and grew move cum than his neighbours , and is considered rather a _lariie fanner : he has seven children—four help on thc laud , and hv works his cows , a 3 he and the four are not nble ti . MANAGE SO MUCH without help . N .. w , my dear friends , bear the points of this letter in your minds till I write again . They ave , that one in even ten English working men is a pauper , w . ile million : * . _» f acres of good land is under WEEJS—grass that among thc almost inaccessible Alps the peorJ . are rdlowcd to cultivate valleys amid the rucks and

      Letter Iv. To The Working Classes Of Gre...

      snow , and are ; happy . That if you get larger money _waives , you have fewer comforts and less of certainty , and that the only value of high money wages is the ability of the Government to fake the lion ' s share in the shape of taxes . I ; hope to be in London when my next letter appears , and in the samo number I will relate to you one of the most awful tragedies in real life that has recently occurred in a country in which I have been , which thc press dare not publish , but I will give you names and all . I have not seen a Northern Star ( in full ) sinco I left England ; that paper and Punch are prohibited in several countriesthe Northern Star in all except Franco and Belgium . I am , your faithful friend and servant , _FliARGUB O'Connor . Torino , Sept . SOtb , 1843 .

      Fovtimx Hxttllmntt

      fovtimx _hxttllmntt

      Insurrection In Italy. The Journal Des D...

      INSURRECTION IN ITALY . The Journal des Debats gives the following account of an attempt at insurrection which broke out at Rimini , on the 24 th ult .: — . '; " We learn by a letter from Milan , dated the 29 th ult ., that on the 24 th an attempt at insurrection was made at Rimini . This attempt had been combined , it is snid , by some inhabitants of the to vn and some Spanish and Piedmontesu refugees . Iu the night of tlie 21 th , about one hundred of these _refugees landed near Rimini . The insurgents immediately proc seeled to the fort of San Leo , situated at a short distance from the town , and in which they are supposed _tohfiveha _. _l _partisans . They penetrated into the fort , and set at liberty the political prisoners , who were very numerous . Tfcey next entered Rimini ,

      where they stopped the couriers , and carried off the despatches . The Cardinal Legate of Forli tmmediateiy sent troops to Itimini . On the 27 th , at thoir approach , the insurgents , who withoui doubt had found no support in the people of the town and environs , hastily quitted Rimini , after abandoning their arms ; some of tliem re-embarked , the others took refuge in the mountains . The letters from lioloj . ua do not speak of any other movement having taken place in tbe Komagna . A . t tlio first report of this attempt , Marshal ltadetzki , " who commands the Austrian troops , reinforced the garrison of Ferrara . Tt wns rumoured at . Milan , that at Benevento some musket shots had been fired at the Cnrdin-. il Legate and his secretary , and that the latter bud boen killed . This news needs confirmation . "

      Wc add the following from the London Times and Chronicle : — " Letters from Milan of the _3- _) th confirm the main facts given by the Debats , and adds that the Italian refugees who landed were to the number of upwards of one hundred , and that they were commanded by . i native of Piedmont of the name of llibotti _. The affair at one time looked vary sei'ioas , for the garrison of San Leo , consisting of 500 men , joined the insurgents . Fortuuntcly , however , for the authorities , they were seined with a panic , and . on the approach ofthe troops from Forli they took to flight , and sought _s-lielter in the mountains , The governments of the other Italian states are greatly alarmed at this unlooked-for outbreak , and are hiking every precaution to prevent any more such attempts . " A private letter from Faenza , of the 21 th ult ., corroborates part of the above _statement , and adds that the town of _Peaaro had followed the example of Rimini , and that Sinaglia and _Ancona were prepared to join in the movement : —

      " last night , " says the writer , " a band marched upon Castol Bolognese , a small town of the legation of Ravenna , to form a junction this _evening with a borly of about one hundred guerillas , mostly _belonging to Faenza , who have taken up their station on the frontiers of Tuscany . The plan of the insurgents is . to advance upon Home . " Another letter from Tuscany , of the 26 th , ult ., mentions that the movement at " Rimini commenced on Monday , the 22 ud , and that the standard of revolt was first raised by tlie troups of the garrison . A report that the military commission sitting at Ravenna would go the rounds of Roinagua , provoked the insurrection . The refugees residing at Florence had re-entered U \ c legation .

      Further Particulars . —The Morning Chronicle of Tuesday has the following : — " The accounts received from Italy respecting the recent attempt at insurrection at Itimini , in the Roman states , agree in stating that for the present the movement has failed . A great number o f persons have been arrested in different places , but principally at Imola and Faenza , where it is said that it was originally intended the insurrection should have broken * out . The Papal Government is * taking the utmost precautious against a renewal of thc attempt . It has reorganised the pontifical volunteers , has changed the garrison at Ancona , of whose fidelity it did not fuel confident , and , fearing another invasion of Itali . in emigrants from thc neighbouring countries , where they have taken refuge , it has sent out a small fleet

      of armed vessels to guard the coast . The details , as tin- as they are yet known , we have already given . It has been ascertained that it was on the night ofthe 24 th of September that the refugees landed on the coast of the Adriatic , not far from San Leo , to which place they immediately marched . At San Leo they set at liberty the state prisoners whom tlicy found in the fort , and of whom there were a great number . They then inarched at once upon llomini , of which they took possession , and kept it till the 27 th . On that day a detachment of troops , sent to the relict ef the place by the Cardinal-legate of Forli , arrived , und the insurgents immediately took to flight , and retired to the mountains . It does not appear quite clearly whether it be true or not , as stated by some of tlie private letters from the country , that the

      _garrison of Itimini to the number of 500 men joined the insurgents . Should that be really tlic case , it ap . pears extraordinary ( or rather would ilo so in am other country ) that so _larps a body of men , after having found courage to raise the standard of revolt , would not have the further courage to defend themselves . It appears , however , certain tliat they did not do so . A great number of the insurgents reached the sea , aud escaped in that way , whilst others have found refuge i . i the fastnesses of the Apennines . A large number of persons , who did not join in the ins irrection _, but whose opinions on political subjects are known , have prudently retired to the _^ Tuscan States to avoid the prosecutions to which they would be exposed . Many of thc details of this affair are still unknown , but there is no doubt that as a political movement it is a f lilure . Orders have already bean given for thc trial of tbe persons

      implicated before a military commision , a tribunal from which the ill-managed states of the Church are never free . According to the French papers , this insurrection , though it appears to have come quite by surprise on the Italian Governments , wa 3 almost publicly known in several parts of France . "For the last three months , " says the Debats , "itwas Stated publicly in this country that on a stated day , and almost nt a fixed hour , an insurrection would break out in _ the Legations , and t ' icre arc coffee-houses in Marseilles and Paris where the supposed leaders in the movement were publicly spoken of , and where the means of action , and the support to be expected from the garrisons of certain towns of the Romagua , were the common topic of conversation . It was known that on this occasion the Liberals did not seek to overthrow the Pontifical Government , but that they limited _themselves to a demand of a reform in the _administi-at : -n .

      Since writing the above we have received letters from -Milan , which give later particulars of the insurrection , which it appears was not confined to Rimini and its _reighbourhotid . The following is an extract from our correspondent ' s letter : — " The insurgents who took possession of Rimini came from the republic of San Marino and from _Tiir-cauy . It wns directed by a Piedmontcsc refugee ofthe name of _Rebotti , who was at one time a colonel in the Spanish service , and who ban lived lot a considerable time in _co-icealmrnt at Rimini . It was he , in conjunction with Count Pali , who organized the plot among the inhabitants of thc place and the officers and soldiers of thc jrarrison . On the night of the 23 d nml 2-itii fiiey rose in arms , and took possession of t __ e town , of which they immediately closed the uiitvs . Th . y declared that their object w _.-. s a ri'fonn of the " government , and their en ' Vive ic Constitution . ' The troops , who were to tin number of 5 l' 0 , continued to _weav the

      _pontilicacockade , for the insurgents declared that they would remain faithful to the government ol the Pope , on condition that he would giv . them n constitution . On the approach of tin troups sent by the _Cardinal-hst-tite of Fovt ' when the insurgents tonic to _ li ht , the inhabitants o the town sent a deputation to the cardinal , dcclarim . that they had taken no part iu the insurrection . Tin : nrt of San Leo was never in the possession of the in-• _Uircents . The . _insYW-ent- before leaving tlie town took _piKSc-i-siou of tlio saving .- , bank and the government offices , but they did not find any money . They disarmed the custom-house officers and carried awa > their arms , hut they did not touch private- property _, _thet'iwn of Ravenna has followed the exam [ de oi iiimitu , but the pontifical authorities having some Sw . ss troops and artillery at their disposal , a gool _di-al >» i _ti--kting took place between the troops and the ; .. ibnbihint _* s <> t the place , in which several persons were killed on both . . sides . The soldiers iired S raI , c

      Insurrection In Italy. The Journal Des D...

      among the people , and great ; numbers were killed . On tne side ot tlie government an officer and several soldiers were killed . The . Tuscan ' government has marched a body of troops to the frontiers . At Venice the government has also made preparations . Tim _£ _Un-boato have been _prepst-ed for action , and are kent in the open-sea , ready for whatever point they may be required . " l J J The PriviU ged Gazette of fioloqm of the 20 th ult . announces , that . the Pontifical troops re-entered _K-imini at eleven o ' clock in the morning of the 27 th ituie

      " ., insurgents having wilier embarked or fled into the mountains on their approach . "The accounts received tliis morning at Bvlosmi . " adds the Gazette _^ state , , that the rebels dispersed iu the mountains had been overtaken bv the Swiss troops , the . Garobmiera , and the Custom-house officers on tne side ot Baize , in the legation of Ravenna , where _tnv-wwe routed with the loss of some killed and wounded . In the meantime anotherband was met by the _carabmiers , and Pontifical _volunteei-s , and the Custom-house officers at Badi , in the legation of bologna , and fourteen revolters wore d _jianued and made prisoners of by the loyal troops . " "

      SPAIN-.. MADnm , _Sspr . 26 . —Thero are five _pensons sentenced each to one _yearViniprisonmeut'inaj . r' ' _' . 1 ' - ' dio by the court-martial , for being concerned in the attempted insurrection on the night of the 5 th . The names are Felipe Huetc , Jose Isidro , Manuel Chaem , Faustino Ducasa , and Manuel _Lobeua . They all belong , to the operative classes , and all have families depending on their daily labours for their subsistence . The public believes that these * linfoi _*« tunate men have been treated with injustice :. and that to condemn them everything in the shape of law or common sense _luis been outraged . In the first place , the very fact of their being tried ( even supposing them really guilty ) by a military tribunal ,

      when the city was not placed under martial law , is an act ot illegality which tho very Fiscal himself has not dared to justify or dispute . Thc court-martial sat tliree times on tlieir case . At the termination of the two first sittings , after every witness had made his declaration , and after every attempt hud been made to inculpate them as participators in the alleged conspiracy , the Government prosecutor , himself a military man , and with all the prejudices of his class against civilians , particularly on such an occasion , demanded solemnly their acquittal , because , as lie declared , there was no charge substantiated against them .- The judges deferred passing sentence until they had consulted together ; mid thc prisoners were brought up a third time . To the astonishment ot all ,

      at that third session , the same public accuser called on the tribunal to pass on them a sentence of two years' imprisonment in a presidio . The tribunal sentenced them to one year ' s imprisonment . The only charge made against them was that they were close to the spot where the firing took place on that night . There was no other charge against them . If people arc to bc sent to the galleys for being by accident in the neighbourhood of the scene of a commotion in Madrid or Barcelona , the most innocent cannot escape . On the night in question there were many persons a few yank only from where the firing began , aud who were as unconscious as the child unborn of the existence of a conspiracy . Thc writer of this letter had only passed the Calle de Peligros a very lew minutes after the doctor of the' Gobernadora

      Regiment wa 3 tired on by a company of lus own corps ; and hc according to the same argument , might be convicted of conspiracy , because he was lound traversing a street which on that night was indeed true to its name of Peligros—danger . The ostensible motive for condemning these men was that some of the witnesses declared they were in the neighbourhood of the Prado half an hour later than appeared from the declaration of the accused . These men were arrested , but there were no arms found oh them . It is scarcely necessary to say that General Narvaez anil his friends are persons not very remarkable for clemency . If there was any positive proof , or any proof that had afiinity to a positive character , of their being implicated in the affair of that night , there is no do doubt that , instead of being condemned , alter a lapse of three weeks , to one year ' s imprisonment , they would have been placed in eapilht the day after the occurrence , and shot on tlte following

      morning . General Breton is working miracles in Barcelona . Not the least wonderful of those miracles is , that he . has made . the Baron dc . Mcer appear an angel ot _meekness , and the _Co-infc _d'Espagne ' _a memory to be revered for clemency . His acts of stupid atrocity make the deeds of his notorious predecessors seem white as snow . In the course of one half-hour on the night of the 20 th , twelve persons wero taken from their beds , and confined in the dungeons of the citadel . One of them , it is said , is an intimate friend of Narvaez . Forty others were to have been _seized on the following day , without , a * , a matter of course , thc shadow of a charge against them . The example is followed with equal zeal by the Political Chief oi Valencia , who has given orders to the Commissaries of Police to make out a list of all persons in that city who are suspected of entertaining political opinions different from those wno support the " situation . " In this manner Spain is making rapid strides in the way of tranquillity and civilisation .

      _Bauceloxa , Sept . 27 . —Blood continues to be shed in this distracted country , and with no unsparing hand . Twelve of the fifteen unhappy young men tried by court-martial , were sentenced to death , and this morning shot in tlic glacis ofthe citadel . It was a heart-sickening sight—twelve able bodied , fine young men , the oldest not having attained the age of twenty-one , launched into eternity , and not for that habituation in crime which justifies the severing for ever of a rotten member from the mass of society . They were s ' _jiuc ofthose deluded _beings who had fled trom their homes to avoid the conscript , and , not uaving submitted themselves to the authorities , were declared and treated as outlaws at the expiration of the term marked out for giving themselves up . They wandered about in small armed bands , and when pressed by hunger , entered some remote village of the mountains and demanded money or provisions . An ambuscade of thc army was laid for them on one

      of these occasions , and these fifteen prisoners were taken . This made of demanding money or provisions in the towns was , I believe , an every-day occurrence during the late war , the belligerent _artuies ha . ving frequently carried away from the inhabitants thereof tlieir last scrap of bread ; and yet _General Breton , who no doubt has very often , as chief of a column , done the sane thing , was inexorable iu shedding the blood of these unfortunate beings , who were heretofore , as was established before the court-martial , good and useful members of society , and had only become criminal in a hopeless attempt to susinin what they conceived an ancient provincial right , handed down to tliem by tlwie _fwefAthers . Some 20 , 000 people _assembled on the glacis to witness the execution , a detailed account of which would be superfluous . The whole garrison were under arms , and continue so still . In the demeanour of the multitude were portrayed deep excitement and an air of settled discontent .

      GERMANY . PROGRESS OF THE GERMAN REFORMATION . l _" ' nA . \ KFOKT-O . V-TI ! E-M _ W . \ E , _SliPT . Ii . _—RoilgC _COtercd our city to-day on his way to Stuttgardt , in a carriage garlanded with flowers , and followed by a train of from sixteen to twenty travelling carriages . Thousands upon thousands of people awaited his arrival before the gates of the city , and accompanied him with a ceaseless succession of vivas to the posthouse , where lie alighted . The rejoicimr , shouts , and hurrahs of the multitude became there so

      deafening , that Ronge at long h _appeared at a window of a second story of an adjoining house , whence he pave a slu . it address to thc . waiting mass of liuninn hcings , expressive of his heartfelt gratitude for the extraordinary reception he hud met with ; his re » ret that his necessaril y short stay precluded his replying to it as he wished ; and his intention of soon returning to Prankfort for . a longer period , Soon after eleven o clock a . m ., he drove off _towa-ds Stuttgardt , but such was tho pressure of the crowd , as to compel passing through the streets at a funeral pace .

      _iiiEiNEn axd Tire Sii . esi . vn * Reform . —The longexpected work by which this celebrated theologian was to avow and defend his adhesion to tho German Catholics has at length begun to bc laid before the ;> tiblic , and contains a justification of the reform movement by a connected anthentification of the incurable abuses which have taken root in the Roman Uthohe Ohurch , and the hopelessness of obtaining irom the Pope or Roman priesthood , ns now constituted , any concession of * a more rational church service . Theiner , as is well known , has laid down his _=. l « ce in the Roman Catholic Church , and _addvessei am work to his former parishioners , under the title

      • if " Efforts at Reform in the Catholic Church . " fhe abuses so often alluded to are stated by Theiner in much the usual manner , yet with constant reference to the previous struggles of enlightened pr iests ami princes for reform in tlio Roman Catholic Ohurch . He 1 S more diffuse in stating his views in regard to the position occupied , whether by the priesthood or by orthodox Catholics at large , in _rej-aril to the State , as well as on the subject of mixed _marnnxes . lie displays simplv _, but effectively , the contradictions which Rome has constantly submitted to , and cannot avoid by her laws against heretics , and " 111111008 many terrific examples of the means employed by the Church , " to obtain an accession ot disciples .

      Insurrection In Italy. The Journal Des D...

      _Bbesiaw , . SisrT . 12 . —The Dissenters from Home arc increasing , not oniy in Breslaw , where one-fourth of th . Cathocic population ( reckoned at about 30 , 000 ) has joined the sect , but throughout the _. whole proviuce . Congregations lately establialied at Sprottau and- Aura _» , nnd several other _plnees , such as Sagan , Frankenstein , and even Patchfean , are expected speedily to follow the example . Tserlohn , Sept . 10 . —The late Roman Catholic priest , firiedenbach , of _Strutt _, a man of distinguished t oratorical _powtrs , and possessed not only of _tlieJe-v-o ofhis- parishioners , but of the respect and esteem- of his ghostly super ior _^ -having ver recently forsaken _, the Roman for the _Germisa Catholic Church , has accepted a call to preside over that branch ofit whieh

      exists here , and was receivedtc-day m a really magnificent manner ; The discharge . of . nearly thirty _piecesof ordnance , and tveortegs of above ten thousand persons , whose vivo * ' rent tho air , hailed his approach to the city . The German Catholic cause has obtained by the acquisition-of Breidenbaeh a powerful support not merel y in Iserholme , but through the surrounding district , _whera many congregations exist , and more aro in contemplation . A new ono wus definitively organised on the 7 th * instant , in our neighbouring town , Ilagen . —Elbcrfild Zeilimg . Matexcb , Sept . ft . —Our bishop has deemed it his duty to announce to his clergy tlie apostasy of one of their brethren , tho late Dunn Winter , in _Aluei , from the Roman Catholic Church ..

      _Bbrlis , Sbit . 14 . —Some journals lately circulated the highly improbable' intelligence that the question of religious differences was to come before the Diet ; we believe ourselves warranted in giving the following as a better founded statement : —In consequence of arrangements made by Prussia , the Courts of Berlin , Wirtemberg , Saxony , and Hanover have agreed to set oil foot conferences , in which , the religious movements of the day , and more especially thoso of the "Friends of Light , " shall be discussed . The basis to bc adopted in these _confer-ences will be a strict separation of the political from the religious element in the movement ; , to restrain the former with a very tight rein ,, while to the latter- will be

      conceded a freer and larger arena . Tho question of Church Government , iii particular , tc be left open , but doctrinal points not to be allowed too wide an extent . In opposition to the fore-joins , the Vttser Zeitung quotes , on the other hand , a communication from Frankfort , in wliich it is roundly asserted that the religious movement in Germany has been already snbj cct of discussion in the Diet ,, whose sittings ceased on the 11 th September , to be resumed on the 8 th of January , 1840 . The Jesuit question , it is understood , did not come under consideration , as thc political and not the dogmatical aspect of the movement attracted attention , and the deliberations of the Diet were limited to the concoctions of measures to

      secure the existing order of political affairs against being affected by't he religions ferment . "Who , " asks the Frankfort correspondent , " who that has observed the simultaneous and almost identical measures adopted in regard of the German Catholics by various German states , can doubt that such unusual union of action is the result of previous union of counsel ?" IIaxau , Si _ rT . 13 . —Our Government has proved its determination to cany out to the letter its announced course regarding the German Catholics , by proliibiting llongc to stop even one night in this city , or to preside over any meeting for Divine worship . _Diiesoex , Sept . 10 . —The refusal of the Wirtemberg Government to grant the use of one of the churches in Stuttgardt to the German Catholics is but a counterpart of the decision of our Ministry , by

      whom a similar refusal has just been gi"cn . The disappointment is the greater here , as the ecclesiastical and town authoritities were unanimous in according tliem the accommodation . _Stuitgakdt , Skit . 19 . —Yesterday Ronge and his friends received many testimonials of affection from his adherents in Stuttgardt . Poems , garlands , and still more valuable proofs of attachment were handed to him in various companies to which he had been invited , and this morning , at ten o ' clock , he left for Ulm . A great concottY & of _peupte 1 _km \ _asstvnWtsd in the Dorothea-square , who greeted Rouge nnd his companions as they issued from their dwelling ( which was nearly covered with garlands ) with a joyful viva . ' A garlanded carriage received the so highly-prized reformers , and drove off , escorted by some members of the German Catholic committee , on horseback , and followed by several other _carriages .

      Sura , 25 . —The cause of . the German Catholic Church is gaining much ground here , in spite of all the endeavours to the contrary made by the Romanists of our place ; and all their insinuations cannot hinder botii Catholics and Protestants from joining the new Church , which counts now amongst its mcmbei _* several persons of the nobility . Makheiji , _Sepi 29 . —Messrs . Ronge and Donr / m , and their travelling companions , have just arrived here . They were met by a joyous crowd at the railway station , who accompanied' thcin into the town . The authorities , however , would not permit M . Itonge and his partisans to enter the church . The police also refused permission for Al . Ronge to hold iin assembly of the German Catholics at the theatre . M . Bannernian , the deputy , then invited M . Ronge

      to go to the garden of his house , lie did so , and was followed by an immense crowd , who filled the vacant space , and covered the trees and the walls . M . Ronge then addressed them , explaining the origin and character ofthe New Catholic church . lie was listened to with great interest , and frequently cheered . A grand dinner was given to M . Range in the evening at one of the hotels . A letter from Heidelberg states that while llongc was in that city , the chiefs of the German Catholic community were cited before the municipal authorities , who signified to tlicm that unless they would guarantee the observance of the decrees issued relative to M . Ronge , he would bc ordered to quit the town .

      The Abbe Ronge , accompanied by his brother and some preachers of the German Catholic Church , arrived at Frankfort on the ith , and was received with enthusiasm . On his way to Frankfort he was welcomed with acclamations by the people of Worms ; and iu some otlier places the inhabitants received him with the same demonstrations as if he had been a sovereign . INSURRECTION IN ALGERIA . The Mordteur Algerien of the 30 th ult . announces that a general insurrection had taken place among the native tribes dwelling on the frontiers of Morocco , and that Abd-el-Kader , having placed himself at their head , had opened the campaign by cutting to pieces a body of 450 French troops .

      " It would appear , " says the . _Mmi _. etir Algerien ol the 30 th ult ., "that the tribes residing on the western frontier have risen in anus against us . Colonel Cavaignac , who had advanced into the territory of the Trains with a column of 1 , 300 infantry , had tivo warm encounters with the enemy . In one of these engagements Al . Fcyragai , chief of battalion of the _f _tuuavos , was killed . On the 21 st of September , Lieutenant-Colonel Montagnac , superior commander ol the fort of Djemma Ghazaouet , acceding to the entreaties of the neighbouring tribes , who pretended to be menaced by parties of the cavalry of Ahd-el-Kilder , uiarelicd out at thc head of 450 men of thc Chasseurs of Orleans and of _thcSud Hussars towards the Marabout of SidiBrahim , situate three leagues from Djemma , and one and a half to the west of the Ncdroma-road . On the 22 nd he advanced to _Dar-el-Foul , about a league further .

      " The report of a brisk fusillade having been heard in that direction from Djemma Ghazaouet , the captain of engineers , in command ofthe fort , sallied out with 1-30 men to reconnoitre , and open a communication with the column . He was , _hoivevoi _* . obliged to retrace his steps before a numerous body of armed men , and to provide for the security of his post . Colonel Montagnac , basely betrayed , was allured into an ambuscade by the very Arabs who claimed his protection , At a distance of four leagues , within our frontier , he was surrounded and attacked by Abdcl-Katicr , followed by all his forces , and assisted by the numerous contingents o f the savage tribes o f that part ot Morocco . Our small column , overpowevedby numbers , was almost entirely destroyed , On receipt of that intelligence General Lamoririere , governor

      ad interim , embarked on the _Sfth , in the Tartarc steamer i ' or Djemma Ghazaout , bringing with him the 3 rd battalion of the Gtli regiment of Light Infantry . Two other battalions and a battery ot mountain guns followed the lieutenant-general on the same day , in the steamers Euphrates and Etna . In conclusion , we wiil content ourselves with observing that the 8 th regiment of Chasseurs of Orleans , and the 2 nd Hussars have a sad but most glorious pageto adil to their military history . " Tlie Moniteur Algerien completes the account of tne expedition in which Colonel Berthier was killed . "General "BomioUy , " it says , "had entered the _individoals

      territory ofthe FJittas , to pnnish the who had plundered a caravan ot Arabs ofthe _Uesert , on their way back to the country , with the gram they had _purchased in thc Toll , lie little expected to find the entire tribe in open revolt . On tlic &\ sx he was vigorously attacked , and a tera yery warm _engagement , he succeeded in reaching tho camp of Ben-Atia . Hostile groups showed themselves durin" the whole day in the environs , lhe general had _etven a rendezvous at Ben-Atia , on the 22 nd , to the Chief of Battalion , Manselon , commander of the fort of the Khamis of the Beni Ourags , on the Rion , where that officer was stationed with his bat-

      Insurrection In Italy. The Journal Des D...

      talion . -... Fearing that the enemy might attack thai small column with a superior . force , he marched oa the 22 nd to meet it , " with tivo battalions and his cavalry , leaving two other battalions for the defenca of the camp . The junction took place without any difficulty , and Gen . Bourjolly returned in the evening to the camp of Ben-Atia , after several encounters with the revolters in the narrow passages _through thamountains . The column of Mostaganeni _hadtaksa & supply of provisions and ammunition for an excursion of only a few days , in a country -where some disturbances had occurred , but which he did not expect to find entirely underarms , and roused to fanati ? ism by the presence of a cheriff . : To advance still frtrti ; er with the sick and wounded would have been _impruti ? nt . General Bourjoily resolved consequently to retire i ? u Bel-Acel , and there prepare to resumo the offensive . On the 23 rd lie encampedni Touiza ,

      m the country of the Beni Dorgcuias , having been constantly harassed by the enemy in hi * retrogade movement . The rear-guard , consisting of 200 . men of the 9 th Chasseurs of Orleans , was repeatedly _engasred , and the squadron of the ith Chasseurs were obliged to execute several charges to support them . Lieutenant-Colonel Berthier , former Aide-de-camp of thc King , was killed in heading a charge , and . Commander Clferfe , of the 9 th Chasseurs , was wounded . in the knee by a musket ball . On the 25 th tho co-, llimi > encamped at Ueh _& w , on . the Minn , and tha : sick and wounded wero removed , to Bel Accl . Coi lonel St . Amaud ,. commander , of tho subdivision of . Orlean _* . vi _4-Ie ,. on . receipt of a despatch fr » a General Bouijolly , immediately marched iiv that ; direction with his column . The Governor General , moreover , before his departure for Djemma GJiiazaouet , sent off two battalions * of the' Gtli Regiment of Light Infantry to Mostaganeni , under the command of Colonel Rcnaud : "

      The subdivision ef Mascara was tranquil- ; , but Colonel Gery , wlio commands there , c .-ipeotcd _tlwt an insurrectionary movement would occur-towards the close ofthe _RamadkB . Tha _Freiiehpapevs of Sunday _confhm- the above news : _"—The French officer communding _. _atDjeniii-a-Gbezona , aport situated on the frontiers of » . Moiocce , was infovmed by an Arab that Abd-el-Ivadcr- was ill the neighbourhood .. Tlie officer , who was a brave man , immediately took steps to repel the caemv , aad placing himself at thc head _ofabontdoO men ,, which was the greater part of the garrison of tho place , went out tomeet _Abtl-el-Ivittler . He had _hawlly proceeded two leagues when he found himself all of a sudden in front of a large bodv of Arabs , _vlio

      attacked him on all sides . Tho commanding oilicer was one of tlie first killed ! The troops defended themselves bravely , and ' made a most desperate ; resistance , but tlieir _ammuninon failed them , ami tiler wore all cut to pieces . Eighty ,, however , contrived to take refuge in a marabout , where they endeavoured to defend themselves . For two days they kept thu enemy at bay , but want of provisions ,. and _especially want of water , drove them to the most desperate anil disgusting extremes . Ultimately they were all destroyed , and , with the exception of . 'fouitccii soldiers , who contrived to escape into the town ,. thc whole of

      the rest perished . Abd-el-Kader , encouraged by this success , marched immediately on Tiemceil , ill the hope of surprising General Cavaignae ,. who happened at the time Abd-el-Kai / er came up to be in the field at tho head of a considerable number of troops . Ilo was immediately attacked by the Arabs ,. and suffered considerable losses , but ultimately tlie Arabs were repulsed . A colonel was among . Ilia killed , General Lamovicierc has ) sent large bodies ' of troops to the Morocco frontier , and is to place * himself at the head of them ; but it is thought that A" 13 d-el-Kader will not meet the reinforcements , but , satisfied with his _presentsucccss _, will take refuge in tiie _deSCl't .

      J' ^^ ^^^^ ^Lc^

      _J' _^^ _^^^^ _^ _lc _^

      And National Tpj)Es V Jqueml.

      AND _NATIONAL Tpj ) ES JQUEML .

      Vol. Till. No. 413. London, Saturday; ,O...

      VOL . Till . NO . 413 . LONDON , SATURDAY ; _, OCTOBER il , 1845 . * _ _,, „ " _^ _^™»« r _' . / FiTC Shillings aud Sixpence per Quarter

      The Rivell Plate. Rejection Of Mti I&Ter...

      THE RIVEll PLATE . REJECTION OF mti I & TERVEKTION . NonTiimis _Svar _. Office , _Sjituitoat _Morniso . _LivsuToob , Friday Evksinc—Rio advices to the 22 nd of August , received by the _Amelie , arrived in the Mersey , report from Buenos Ayres the rejection , by General Rosas , of the ultimatum of the allied Powers . The Argentine fleet had therefore been seized , and immediate steps adopted by the British and French Ministers to drive from the Banda Oriental the troops under Oribe .

      C&Attist {Ntellfsen-Ce.

      _C & _attist { _ntellfsen-ce .

      London. Cur Locality.—Mr. Cooper's Lectu...

      LONDON . Cur Locality . —Mr . Cooper's lecture last Sunday night ( the ninth of the course ) was more throngly attended than any _formei * one . We understand the committee of shareholders hare determined on providing more benches—a great desideratum . Mr . Skelton very ably , as chairman , introduced the lecturer , when "'lhe time will come when wrong shall end" had been sung . Mr . Cooper evidently produced a powerful impression by the eulogy he delivered on the patriotism and other noble qualities of tho gvcafc

      poet of the age of the Commonwealth . In addition to reading several magnificent extracts from the " Iconoclastes , " the " Areopagitiea , " and other of the neglected , but splendid , prose works of Milton , Mr . C . recited thc first . half of the first book of "Paradise Lost . " The effective manner in which these 400 lines of unequalled blank verse were delivered , drew forth a burst of applause that was really startling . The lecture is generally pronounced to have been the very best of thc series , and proved Mr . C . to be deeply acquainted with the works of our greatest epic poet .

      LAMBETH . The Land . — -In answer to the address of Messrpj M'Grath , Doyle , and Clark the shareholders of tho Chartist Co-operativo Land Society of this district _, have come to the following resolution ' . — "That we are of opinion that the conference for the revision of the rules should take place at tho earliest timo possible , so that the note appended to the twenty-second rule may not have the appearance of being infringed on , thus sotting a . bad exai \* . _ lis atllws _cwninenccmt-nt . " OLDHAM . Os Sunday last Mr . David Ross delivered a most energetic address on Sanatory Reform , in the Working-Man ' s Hall , Uorsedge-strcet . Tho lecturer gave groat satisfaction .

      Lancashire Hand-Loom "Whavers.—At A Dele...

      _Lancashire Hand-Loom "Whavers . —At a delegate meeting of the Ilund-loom Weavers' Association , held on the oth inst ., at the Pack Horse , Smithybrook , it was resolved , and unanimously agreed to , " That a regular statement o f lengths and prices shall be drawn up and printed , and each nianufuc _. turer and workman served with a copy of the same , so that an orderly and systematic form may exist between the employer and the employed . " After the discussion of a few more subject-- , the meeting was addressed by Mr . John Linnagin , on the subject of " Unity , as being necessary for the protection of labour . " The address was received -with applause , after which the meetinqf separated .

      _Asti-Poou Law Leaoue . —Hammersmith . — A vestry meeting was held in the vestry-room ofthe Church , and , by adjournment , inthe Latimer School room , on Friday evening , October 3 rd , at wliich at least -100 of the ratepayers attended , to take- into consideration an order received from the Poor Law Commissioners , combining the Brentford , Fulham , and Richmond Unions into one district , to bc termed " The Western Metropolitan Asylum District . " William Simpson , Esq ., churchwarden , was called to the chair . On thc motion of Mr . M'Cormae , seconded by Mr . White , and supported by the chairman in a most eloquent speech , it was unanimously resolved , amid loud cheers , " That the attempt now being made by the Poor Law Commissioners to establish

      monstrous unions of unions , under the name or District Asylums , can only have the effect of making bad worse , by increasing our burdens ; and we aro convinced that the only remedy is to agitate for the total repeal of the Poor Law , which , we think , would be best carried out by establishing a National Anti-Poor Law League . " It was also resolved— " That the vestries , public bodies , and ratepayers generally of the surrounding parishes , be request- , d to cooperate with Hammersmith . All communications to be addressed to William Simpson , Esq ., churchwarden , BradiYiore-lioiise , Hammersmith . " A vote of thanks was then passed by acclamation , and the vestry dissolved . DKsrEiuTE Affkat with the roLicE , —Early on Friday morning week , as Rogers , Carlo , Bonnet ,

      and another policeman ( all under superintendent Ray , of the Western Division ) were on duty near thc residences of some suspected thieves , near to Folstead-heath , Boxford _, they suddenly came across three men , when a desperate encounter ensued . Bennct and his companion being foremost were the first to make the attack , and when Carlo _aiuUlogcvs came up Bennet had closed with his antagonist , and they were both upon the ground . The othev policeman was being kept at bay hy one of the villains , who held over liim in one hand a tremendous bludgeon , and in the other a pistol . Rogers , however , coming up at all hazards of his life , made a desperate rush , and ultimately succeeded in felling the man to the ground , and secured him with the handcuffs . The villains had each a bludgeon ; one of them had also two sacks , a brace of pistols loaded , two dark lanterns , list shoes , and a hard brush . The

      two men that arc taken ave father and son , by the name of Humphrey . The third man , owing to tlio darkness of the night , managed to get away . They are supposed to be the party who , thc same night , broke the letter lock upon the door of a malt-olhce « . t Layham . The two _Humphreys aft committed to prison to take their trial for the assault . Holi . oway ' s Pius asd Oi . vriiEsr . -liydc _ f _* 'lc _* ira of pcrofula or king ' s evil . —Mr . 0 . Brook , residing at Stradishall , Suffolk , had the whole of his breast in one frightful mass o l * scrofulous sores and ulcers , besides similar large ulcers on his hip . lie had been thua afflicted for ten years , lie had been under the greatest surgeons in the country , aud was for a considerable time at Worcester Hospital , without receiving the lcast benefit . lie has , however , just been radically cured by the means alone ot Uolloway ' a Pills and Ointment , after e * icr otlier means had failed .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 11, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_11101845/page/1/