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    April 12, 1845. -^ . THE ^ NOlOT|RI STAR...

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    agriculture anft mvtimltxm

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    FIELD-G ARDEN OPERATIONS , for tne Week ...

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    Dk. LTOS PlATFAIR OX THE CflEMISTBT OF V...

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    WESTERN CIRCUIT.

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    Thk Shapwick Murder.—Taunton, April 5.— ...

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    ExcavaTiok of Human Skeluioxs.—The work ...

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    • jlarfeet fo\ttUi$tiut+

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    London Corn Exchange, Monday, April 1.— ...

• Transcript

  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    April 12, 1845. -^ . The ^ Nolot|Ri Star...

    April 12 , 1845 . - _^ _. THE _^ _NOlOT | RI STAR . 7

    Agriculture Anft Mvtimltxm

    agriculture anft _mvtimltxm

    Field-G Arden Operations , For Tne Week ...

    FIELD-G ARDEN OPERATIONS , for tne Week commencing AAmda y , April _lotfi , 1844 . n ? -rfracted from a Dimr of Actual Operations on five _Wltoontheestates of Mrs . Davies Gilbert , near Eastbourne , m Sussex ; and on several model _fiirms on the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaithwaite , i » Yorl _^ _te published by Mr . Nowell , of Farnley Tvas , near Duddersheld , in order tb guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing them what la bours ought to be undertaken on their own _jands . The farms selected as models are—First Two school farms at _TVillingdon and Eastdean , of

    five acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked hy Jesse Piper , the other bv John Dum breU—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Several privatemodellanns-oearthe sameplacc . Thcconsecutivcoperations in these reports will enable the curious reader to compare thc climate and agricultnral value of the south with the north of England . The Diary is aided by "Notes and Observations" from the pen of Mr . Nowell , calculated for the time and season , wliich we subjoin .

    ** It is a very _x'leasant sfght to sec children engaged in useful and liealtby labour upon a spot of ground which they can call their own ; they shall be kept apart froni the vice and folly of the _youn-j men of the city . " Note . —The sdiool farms are cultivated by boys , who in return for three hours' teaching in the morning give _tltrce hours of Uteir labour in tiie afternoon for the master ' s benefit , ivhieh renders the schools self-SUPPOHUXG . IJ 1 _^ beUeve tliat at Farnlp Tyas sixsevenths of die produce of tie school farm witt be assigned to Vie boys , and one-seventh to the _mtwCcr , viho wtil receive tlte usual school fees , help the boys to cultivate Uteir land , and teach them , in addition to reading , writing , & c , to convert iheir produce into bacon , b y attending to pig-keeping , which at Christ mas may be divided , after paying rent and levy , amongst them in proportion to their services , and ie made Uiusbidirectht to reach their parents in a way the most grateful to their feelings . ]

    SUSSEX . _HoxDAr—lflUingdon School . Boys digging , and planting early potatoes . Eastdean Scliobl . Eight boys in school , rest working for farmers , digging and sowing carrot seed , planting and manuring potatoes . Piper . _Carryin" fine worked manure , for potatoes . DumbreU . Digging , and carrying dung with the heifer . Tuesdat—WiUingdon School . Same as yesterday Eastdean Sdiool . Boys digging for and sowing barley , hoeing peas , and gathering roots and stones Piper . Preparing ground for potatoes . DumbreU . Digging , hoeing wheat . "Wedxesdat—WiUingdon School . Boys sowing clover seed on wheat , and harrowing in . Eastdean School Boys emptying piggery tank , rolling oats , weeding

    wiieai , removing refuse . Piper . _Planting potatoes DumbreU . Digging . _Tugrsdat—WiUingdon Sdiool . Boys harrowing wheat , Eastdean School . Boys digging , planting potatoes , sorting potatoes , and preparing turnip ground . Piper . Planting potatoes . DumbreU . Digging , Hilling wheat . Fbidat— WiUingdon School . Boys harroiving wheat . Eastdean School . Boys planting potatoes , sowing barley , weeding wheal ; , clearing away roots and stones . Piper . Scraping up manure * Dumbrell . Harrowing wheat . Satdrdat— _IVillingdon School . Boys digging ground , and manuring for mangel wurzel . Eastdean School Boys cleaning outthepiggery , portable pails , school room , and thrashing and cleaning oats . Piper . P / _antin-i potatoes . DumbreU . Drilling carrots .

    YORKSHIRE . Slaithwaite Scliool . From eight to eleven boys at afternoon labour , breaking clods , gathering stones , and harrowing . John Bamford , preparing turnip ground , spreading ashes thereon , planting potatoes . James Bamford , drawing manure for potatoes , planting tliem , preparing ground for , and planting beans and peas . C . Varley , preparing ground for turnips , manuring for and sowing tares , sowing peas and -wheat together , and harrowing in ; " weather mildest and richest ever witnessed here . " _COW-FEED 1 SG . Hillingdon Scliool . Cows eating white turnips , which have stood tiie winter , and clover hay . Pipers . Has begun to cut his rye , keeps it a day before he gives it to the cows , and -mixes a handful of hay with it . DwnbreWs . Cows stall-fed as last report .

    • SOTES AND OBSERVATIONS . Maxgel Wurzel . —[ Seed sown , from 3 to 5 lbs ., in drills , per acre . ] Select new seed ; old will seldom vegetate . From the middle of April to the middle of May—drill , or dibble three seeds in a hole , three inches deep . Let the rows be from twenty to twentyfour inches apart , and the plants twelve inches distant , in the tow . Manure welL The plant is a great feeder . L-eTAU . PLA . vrs have _sdiiablh Food . —[ "Portable manures of great strength in smaK compass . " ] Chemical j analysis informs us that in the wheat plant , among { many other inorganic substances , there is one pre- ; Tailing in the grain , phosphate of lime , "ions ash ; " j

    another in the -straw containing much potash . We must , therefore , let the plant have such things in its food . _^ They are largely contained in the following artificial mixtures , which have been recommended as top-dressings for wheat . From experiments made with them and other substances , it would appear that in general they have been found to answer best ; and the results hare evinced a beautiful accordance _hctwecn chemical theory and actual experience . Where the phosphate of lime * ( bone ash ) has been drawn from the soil and sent away from the farm in fat cattle , Bulk , cheese , & c ., as in certain grazing countries , and where a sufficient restoration of it has not been made by boning , or by applying human _fi-eces , or other plant food , top-dressings , like the following , may be of use ;— * w

    No . 1 . —Sulphate of ammonia , gas salt , % ewt . — bone dust , 4 ewt . —wood ash charcoal , 5 ewt . Another . — -Nitrate of soda , 1 ewt . —gypsum , 2 ewt . —bone dust , 3 ewt . Anotlter . —Nitrate of potash , saltpetre , 1 ewt . —gyp-SUm , 2 cwL—hone dust , 3 ewt . Mix the ingredients Well together after the salts have been reduced to fine powder , and using plenty of mould and ashes . Apply the mixture te one acre of sickly or patched wheat . * No . 2 . —When the laud has been moderately sustained with both liquid aud solid manure , take 5 ewt . of rape dust , which apply to one acre of wheat ; when other substances might fail , it may have a special effect

    No . 3 . —When the liquids for a long period may have left thefann-yard and joined the river , take 10 bushels of foot and ' 5 ewt . of salt , mix them well with coal ashes , and apply to one acre . Mem . —A dressing ofafewewfs . of salt may do good , if applied with the above top-dressings , especially if the cattle have not been well supplied with salt , wherewith to furnish the green pastures previous to the corn crops . This almost universal condiment is not more requisite for men and cattle than for plants . The spray from the sea will keep up , however , a continual supply of it for some distance from the coast . _Ko . 4 . —Hie great land medicine for a general _rfc-^«» j < _y ofsianure . —Take 3 ewt . of guano , beat it into the finest dust , mix and sieve itrepeatedly along with ten tunes its bulk of fine coal or peat ashes , appf v the dose to one acre . Take the dung of domestic fowls and do the same , Dllt in larger _proporrions .

    Early sowx White _Tonxirs . — Consider well whether your supply of green food will be sufficient for the months of October and November , and if you have any doubts upon it , ensure that supply by sowing quick growing white turnips early in the spring , to be eaten in the fall by your cattle .

    Dk. Ltos Platfair Ox The Cflemistbt Of V...

    Dk . LTOS PlATFAIR OX THE CflEMISTBT OF VEGEiatios . —In the course of the first of a course of six lectures recently delivered in Manchester ( an extract from wliich we inserted last week ) , the lecturer treated on a practical question ( intimately connected with the subject ofthe direction of trees ) , whether "more ground would be gained by planting trees on an inclined plane , such as a mountain side , than on the horizontal projection or base of that mountain . As Jain falls vertically , more rain could not be procured -froni thfe eaves of a house than from the horizontal plane of the root So , no more houses could be built on the side of a mountain than on the plane of its projection , notwithstanding the much greater space ; for the Louses most rise perpendicularly to thc horizon _. As trees grew the same way , was it not a fallacy to choose sides of hills for forests , on the supposition that more trees would grow , by presentin" - a peater gurface , though with the same perpendicular space ? Davy said it was a fallacy , and most other philosophers ' _asreed with him . But Corrard justly observed , that the question could not be viewed in a "strictly maflnanatieal li g ht It would doubtless be quite true if trees grew close together , and took in ? no space : "but each tree -requires a certain quantity of ground for its own nutrition , and in this space no other tree would _erow . If the ouestion were—Can

    you have a tree more on a Mil side than on the base of the lull ? the answer would be yes , because you have more surface on the bill side ; bnt tins gain-was not so much as was supposed bv planters . The branches and the roots of trees were capable of performing the same chemical functions . Woodward took a willow tree , and turned it upside down , putting its branchesinto the earth , _itsroote into tbe air ; and , after a time , tbe roots became covered -with roots and leaves , and the branches became fibrous and passed into roots . The tuber of a potato _produce a new plant , as well as tbe seed ; the planted leaf of an orange or of a fig-tree produces a new orange ora new fi g-tree ; and a small twig , pulled off a willow , and placed in the ground , passes into a perfect plant . This assumption ofthe functions of one organ by another , _wassnffieienttoshowtheir intimate analogy . Still it was useful to know the general structure of organs . On cutting across a branch ( as he -showed by a 'diagram representing a transverse

    Dk. Ltos Platfair Ox The Cflemistbt Of V...

    section of an elm ) , it Avas seen to be composed of three parts , the bark , the wood , and the pith , which , on minute inspection , were further divisible . Thus , the Outer part of the back was the shin or eperdermis ; generally very much cracked , and varying considerably in texture . In corn plants this skin was made almost wholly of flint ; but , in trees growing in the parched plains of the tropics , it often consists of wax and resin or of India rubber , for the obvious purpose of preventing evaporation of moisture . Next under this epidermis is a cellular tissue , called parenchyma , very obvious in the cork-tree , and familiarly known as cork Beneath or within this , are the cortical layers of liber or true bark , so called because divisible into leaves like a book . Tliis liber was verv

    important in the circulation ofthe sap . Duhamel first showed how it was formed . Be cut off * some of the liber , and exposed the wood beneath , taking care to protect the exposed part from the air . He then observed a thick fluid oozing out from the surface ofthe wood and the edges of the bark , which , after accumulating , became thicker _^ and gradually passed into true bark . This fluid wascalled cambium , and was supposed to come from the sap . Beneath the true bark lay the wood , of whieh the outer was less firm in texture than the inner part , and was called the cdburnum , to distinguish it from the duramen or true wood beneath . In the centre ofthe tree or branch , comes the pith , which Knight had proved might be altogether removed from a voung plant without

    retarding its growth . Its least questionable function was , that it was a reservoir of moisture , which it yields to the plant when required . The general anatomy of a branch , trunk , or root , therefore was—Bark , including Epidermis , Parenchyma , Liber ; "Wood , comprising Alburnum and Duramen , or true wood ; and the Pith . Even a leaf was analogous to this ; for the greatest part of'its membranous substance was a distinct prolongation ofthe parenchyma , and the glossy covering was comparable to the epidermis . Dr . Pkyfair then described the circulation of the sap , which he said arises upwards through the true wood , as it was proved by making the plant imbibe water coloured "with cochineal , when the colour was observed to ascend only by the wood , the bark being left colourless . This sap , on _beins ; examined chemically ,

    is found to consist principally of water , holding in solution small quantities of saline substances . But when the sap reaches the leaves a large quantity of wateris evaporated from them , and it consequently becomes much stronger . It now descends the tree , not as it ascended , by the wood , but by following the course ofthe liber , which is itself elaborated by the sap , and the increase of the tree takes place immediately under the true bark , so that tbe annual circles left indicate the age of the tree . There are spiral vessels and duets in the wood , the function of which is not quite settled , although the preponderance of evidence is on the side of their being air vessels—a supposition strengthened _^ by Bischoff , who found the air escaping from them to contain nearly 30 per cent .

    of oxygen , while common air contains only 21 percent . The true ducts are certainly for the transmission of fluids . But by what power does thc sap arise in the stem , thus disobeying the laws of gravity ? "VVe know that the spongioles ofthe roots have the power to absorb liquids , by capillary attraction ; but this does not at all account for the ascent ofthe sap in the stem . The force of thc-ascent is very considei * able ; for Hales found , by allowing the sap to flow out from the cut top of a vine , and attaching a syphon to the _lowerpart , thatthe height to which themercury rose in the syphon was 38 inches : this shows that the force of _theascentofthesapmustbemuchgreatei'thanthepres sure of our _atnuv-pherc , which is 14 lb . to the square inch . What , then , is the force ? On this subject there

    are tworival theories . Dupetit Thouars affirms that it is due to the expansion ofthe buds and the development of the leaves , which tailing up fluid , the sap arises to replace that removed ; and he points to a tree felled in winter , and says , observe the buds which come out in spring ; they obtain enough of sap in the tree to appear ; but they are not developed , for the sap exhausted by them is not renewed . But then , Dupetit _Thouars ' s theory is deficient ; for it does not tell us why the buds expand , neither does it explain thc descent of the sap after it is elaborated in the leaf . Dutrochet observed , that , if an open tube , covered _^ with a bladder , or other porous membrane , contain a dense liquid , and be placed in water , the water disobeys the ordinary rules of gravitation , and

    rises into the dense fluid . On this principle he explains the ascent of the sap . The sap becomes dense , or strengthened by _evaporation in the leaf ; and water ascends in the stem to mix with it . There are many arguments in favour of this view , which is perhaps nearer the truth than the other . If the sap ascend by one set of vessels , it must of course compel the fluid to escape by descent in another set . That the fluids do descend , and thus form a kind of circulation , is shown by throwing a ligature round the stem of a plant , and the place above the ligature is soon observed to enlarge from accumulated fluid . That this descent of sap is not due to simple gravity , may be further shown by passing a ligature round a pendant branch , and the part below the ligature is still

    obobserved to enlarge . But then Dutrochet s theory does not well explain why there should be a cessation of this circulation in winter . True it is , thata dimimiuished temperature reduces the activity of diffusion ; but it does not altogether retard it . Ther * 5 ought , therefore , tobe some circulation in winter , if nothing else except diffusion be its cause ; but we know that no such circulation takes place . Dutrochot ' s theory , therefore , although it goes far , does not embrace all the phenomena . But at present no more comprehensive view has been proposed : so , according to the usual rules in such cases , we must select that theory which explains the most ; and , in the present state of our knowledge , Dutrochet' s seems to bear away the palm . Hales found that the

    quantity of water exhaled by plants was very considerable By experiment he showed that the green parts ofthe sunflower threw off , in the form of vapour , as much as 20 oz . of water in twelvenours ; though , of course , the quantity varies according to the temperature and dryness of the air . During the night the sunflower threw off only about 3 oz . of water , and sometimes none at alL We might tbusunderstand the manner in which the inorganic constituents of plants became accumulated , though introduced only in small quantify by the water absorbed from the soil . The exhalation ofthe leavesisa simple evaporation , caused by the extent of surface over which the water has to traverse ; and all the false analogies of botanists , in comparing such operations with remote similarities in

    animalswas of mischievous tendency . Liniii * eus s theory of " the sleep of plants" was one of these , and to liis ( Dr . Playfair ' s ) mind had no existence ; for he could conceive no operations of nature more opposed than sleep in animals , and the _so-called sleep in vegetables The sleep of animals consists in the cessation of volition , and a suspension of the causes of waste in the body , during which time vitality was actively engaged in repairing its wasted structure . But in plants there was no restoration of organs impaired during the day ; for the whole of vegetable life consists ofthe creation of new organic matter , not in its destruction . The increase in fabric takes place in animals during the night ; the growth of vegetables is altogether effected _durinerthe day . For these and

    other reasons he denied that there was such a state as the deep of plants ; and he thought he should be able to point out , as he proceeded , a new kind of activity in plants during the night . The closing of the leaves during the night was merely owing to the absence of _Ught , which exercises an attraction upon them . If a leaf were turned , so as to expose its under surface to the air , it would twist itself round until the smooth side was presented to the sky ; and thus did all leaves elevate themselves , as if in adoration of the great luminary . The lecturer then proceeded to treat ofthe chemical elements constituting the organic matter of plants . The first point in thc growth of plants is the germination of the seed , the cotyledon of which contains a _stored-up nutriment

    for the embryo—consisting of some mineral matter , with starch , gum , cheese , and fatty oils ; although in some seeds , as in the anise and cummin , the fixed fat is substituted by a volatile oil . The analysis of Boussingault gave 27 per cent , of cheese in peas ; his ( Dr . Playfair ' s ) own gave 21 ) per cent . ; the two varieties obviously differing . The analysis of the French chemists give 10 per cent , of this cheesing matter in oats ; those made by the lecturer liimself yield between 11 and 12 per cent . The oily matters also vary : some seeds , as that of the colewort , contain 40 per cent , of oil , - while that of wheat does not contain 1 per cent . It would be seen then , that , iu order that a seed should , germinate , the concurrence of a proper temperature of moisture and of air was

    absolutely essential . Formerly physiologists believed that light was injurious to germination ; this error originating in the fact , that seeds germinate best at a certain distance beneath the surface of the ground . But Saussure showed , that thc apparently injurious effect of light was owing to the drying of the seed , when too near the surface . He took two seeds , placed one of them in an opaque , the other in a transparent glass ; watering them bothalike ; and he found that the seeds in the transparent glass germinated first . When seeds are placed under ajar of air , and properly supplied with water , the radicles and the stem soon appear . _Supposingthatthereisnoalterationintcmpera ture orin conditions , Saussure , iu hisfirst experiments , found that the bulk of the air remained unchanged , although aquantitv ofthe oxygenhad been abstracted , and _renlaeed bv carbonic acid . This led Saussure to

    believe that the first act of germination was simply the extraction of carbon by means p f oxygen . Oxygen is quite essential to germination , which cannot ne made to take place in any gas not mixed with this element . But what is very curious , carbonic _; acid gas , which is the primary food of plants , is positively _us urious to germination . In fact , germination proceeds more rapidly if fragments ot * lime are placed along with the seeds , to absorb the carbonic acid . Saussure was not quite correct in his first experiments ; for , on inspecting them with minute accuracy , he found that some plants actually -id increase the balk of the air , while _otherailimimshed the bulk . To Boussingault belongs the honour of having . explained this phenomena . That distinguished philosopher , during the last year , hadniade some excellent experiments on germination . He analysed . some seeds before germination , and set others to germinate . "When the plumule and radicle began to appear , ne

    Dk. Ltos Platfair Ox The Cflemistbt Of V...

    analysed them again , and so on until the stem and the leaves were distinctly formed . The results of his experiments were , as SansSUre had perceived , that there is a quantity of carbon abstracted by oxygen ; but the loss in weight is greater that can be accounted for by the carbon removed . Some of the oxygen in the seed has also disappeared , so that it" was obvious partof the carbon had become burned , at the expense of the oxygen existing in the seed itself ; and this circumstance completely accounts for the alteration in the volume of air observed by Saussure . But , after all , this is only the ultimate view of the process ; for there can be little doubt that the operations in progress are much more complex than in the immediate abstraction of carbon . If seeds in the act of

    germination be put upon blue litmus paper , the blue colour becomes changed into a red , showing distinctly that an acid is produced during the act . Becquerel thought this was acetic acid ; but Boussingault suggests , with much more plausibility , that it is the acid obtained from milk—the lactic acid . Be that as it may , the formation of the acid indicates that there are intermediate steps in germination , respecting wliich the chemist is entirely ignorant . When the seeds are examined , after the first act of germination , thc process is very difficult to follow . The act of germination still prow-esses ; but the act of vegetation does so too , and both are in antagonism . Germination abstracts carbon from the seed ; vegetation adds carbon , by drawing it from the atmosphere , in the form

    of carbonic acid . One * thing , however , is certain , from Boussingault ' s analysis , that ammonia now disappears from the seed . These were merely indications how to proceed in our investigations , in order to develope this most interesting act of passive into active life . At present our information might be considered almost nil ; but the recent researches are full of hope ; and , if carried on with the united care of the physiologist and the chemist , will doubtless lead us nearer to truth . The uncertainty as tothe nutrition of the embryo , ends with the development ofthe leaves ; the young plant has been ushered into being , and we can now clearly follow its course to maturity . In conclusion , he would draw attention to this singular first act of life . The physical function of animalswas to expire carbonic acid ; that of

    plants , to expire oxygen . But the first act ot the embryo was to assume this high function of animals . Reason on this as we might , there was some curious mystery to develope in the extraordinary relations of life . The first act of vegetable existence was one possessed by the most elevated of animals ; but then , again , it assimilated itself to similar functions in the lowest order of vegetables . The fungi do the same ; they do not live on the air , but on decaying substance , and breathe out carbonic acid . Was the first act of vegetation a lofty or a low act of life ? If the exhalation of oxygen from plants were one of the

    most important purposes of their life ( as it doubtless was ) , how came it thatthe lowest order of animals , the animalcules , also possess this function ? These were strange anomalies , which , however inexplicable at present , philosophers should not relax in their endeavours to penetrate . In fact , as he proceeded , he thought he should be able to trace out , in this apparent contradiction , the most beautiful harmony and most exquisite design of means to end , —a harmony and a design which make us only the more regret that our own ignorance and want of power prevent us giving to them at present a more intimate comprehension . ( Applause . )

    Western Circuit.

    WESTERN CIRCUIT .

    Thk Shapwick Murder.—Taunton, April 5.— ...

    Thk Shapwick Murder . —Taunton , April 5 . — This being the day fixed for the trial ofthe Shapwick murder , the Crown Court was early besieged with a number of persons eager to gain admittance . The court , as usual on such occasions , was as full as the parties placed to keep the door would permit it to be . At nine o ' clock the learned judge took his seat on the bench , before which the jury had been called , and were seated in their box . The prisoner was then placed at the bar . She is a little woman , about thirty years of age , and has a peculiar disagreeable expression of countenance . On being arraigned she pleaded "Not guilty , " in an audible and distinct voice , to the indictments , which charged her with the wilful murder of Charles Dimond , by

    administering to him a quantity of deadly poison called arsenic . Mr . Serjeant Kinglake and Mr . Rawlinson conducted the prosecution . The prisoner was defended by Mr . Stock . The trial lasted from the sitting of the court at nine o ' clock till eight at night . Mr . Serjeant Kinglake stated the case to the jury in a very clear , able , and perspicuous manner . From his observations we learnt that the prisoner was a widow , and had been since Christmas 1833 . The deceased was her brother , and had lived With bis father , mother , and brother John , at a cot . ' age situated at Shapwick . The prisoner , who for some time previously had been living elsewhere , returned to her father ' s cottage on thc 9 th of Daceniber , in the last year , at which date the real evidence in this case commenced .

    The first witness called was a person of the name of Hare . He stated that in December last he was living with a Mr . Varrer , a druggist , at Bridgewater . On the 9 th of that month the _prisoner , whom he did not remember to have previously seen , came to his shop . His master had two shops , the one in which he was being situated in St . John-street , Eastover . She asked for some arsenic . Witness said he could not sell her any , as it was a rule in their shop never to sell poison to one person . She pressed him to sell her some , and he still refused . He asked her what she wanted of it , and she replied that it was to kill rats or mice ; witness did not recollect which . He still refused , but as she still pressed him , he asked her her home , and where she lived . She

    replied that her name was Darston , and that she was a sister to Edmund Darston , who was the son of a earlier and postman between Bridgewater and Solden Hill , and well known to witness . Witness hearing as he supposed , who she was , consented to let her have the arsenic , and accordingly weighed her up half an ounce , which he tied up in two papers , and marked " poison . " At the same time he explained the deadly nature ofthe drug , and gave her directions about taking care of it . The prisoner did uot immediately leave the shop , but entered into * conversation with witness , who remarked to her how much her brother was grown lately , meaning Edmund Darston , to which the prisoner replied that he was It being a very cold day witness asked her to sit down by the stove in the shop , and warm herself ,

    which she consented to do , and , singular to say , remained in the shop more than hour . Whilst she was seated by the fare , witness melted over it some hair oil , which had become congealed . Seeing this , the prisoner asked him to give her a little for a Christmas present , promising to become a customer of his master ' s when she came into Bridgewater . Witness gave her a Uttle of the oil in a bottle , which she promised to return by Edmund Darston on the next day—a promise she did not keep , so he never saw the bottle again . Whilst the prisoner was thus seated and talking by the fire , the clock struck one , and witness quitted the shop to go to dinner , leaving the prisoner there with the porter . On his way to the place where he got his dinner , he met Edmund Darston , with whom he entered into conversation . When he returned from dinner the prisoner was

    gone . Edmund Darston deposed that lie was at Bridge * water on the 0 th . His father was a carrier and postman between that place and Poldcn-hill . He met the prisoner in Bridgewater about nine o ' clock on that morning , and made an arrangement with her that she should ride home in his cart . His mother was with him . After this he saw Hare , and , in consequence of what he said to him , he went to the shop to see who had personified his sister , and arriving there he found the person had left . Shortly after he met the prisoner again at the Queen ' s Head , where she sat talking with him for a long time . In the course of their conversation she told him she had been to Mr . Varrer ' s , where she had purchased some hair oil , and had passed off as his sister . She said nothing about the arsenic . She rode as far as Cossingtou with the witness , where he was obliged to stay some time , in consequence of wliich the prisoner went on in another cart to her father ' s house .

    John Dimond said : He was brother to the deceased and the prisoner . In December his father , mother , and brother Charles ware living with him at Shapwick . On the 9 th of that month his sister came home about eight o ' clock , quite unexpectedly . She cried , and said she was a martyr , or something of that sort , on hearing them say they did not know how she could sleep there that night . However , a bed was made up tor her in the room where the old people slept , and she remained . The deceased was not jn when she arrived , and did not come home till after they were all in bed . He slept with witness . The next morning prisoner was told she could not remain there . She asked to remain till Saturday , when she said she would go back to Bridgewater and give

    herself up to the master of the union . She was permitted to stay . The next day her mother told her that her brother Charles did not like her being there , as his master had declared if she remained hi the house Charles should work no longer for him . Deceased had been in his master ' s constant employ for three years and a half . Prisoner said she supposed she must go . On the Sunday following the mother died , an event which kept the prisoner still in the house . All parties were now agreeable that she should remain and do for them , seeing they had lost their mother ; only Charles did not like to lose his winter ' s work , and he therefore desired that she

    should go . The deceased was very well till the day after Christmas-day , the 26 th December . On that day he was very well in the morning when he got up . Witness did not see him again until the evening , when he found him very sick and bad . He continued ill from that time until he died , which he did on Tuesday morning . He got better , however , towards the end of the week , and on Sunday was so much better that he wished to get up . He did get out of bed , and put on his clothes , but did not come down stairs . On the Sunday night , or towards Monday morning , all his former symptoms returned , but in a much more violent manner , and early on Tuesday morning he died . The prisoner was the person who , up to Monday , had cooked all his dinners , prepared

    Thk Shapwick Murder.—Taunton, April 5.— ...

    his gruel , which he was ordered bv the doctor to take , and tended upon him generally . On the Monday before bis death suspicions had been awakened , and the prisoner was ordered , by the direction of two magistrates in the neighbourhood , to quit the house , whicli she did , going to tho house of a neighbour for the ment . Ibis person proved that when she came she brought with ner her box , and some other articles . When she left the next morning she carried off a bundle . She left the key of her box with witness , saying as she did so , mat it any one had any suspicion of her tliey were very welcome to examine her things ; they would find nothing against her there . The box , when searched , was found to be empty . Charles Dimond , the father ofthe prisoner , confarmed the evidence given by thc son as to the prisoner ' s

    coming home , & c . His son Charles remained very well up to the 26 th of December . On that day he ( the witness ) was at home when his deceased son came homo to dinner . He was quite well then . The prisoner had prepared his dinner , which was a salt herring and some potatoes . He ( the father ) had some beef and bread , which a lady by thc name of Templar , who lived in the village , had given him . The prisoner had dined before , and his son John did not dine till after . When he had eaten his dinner his son Charles went to work . In the evening he returned home very sick , and went to bed , ifcc , as before deposed to b y John Dimond . A boy with whom the deceased worked , and several other witnesses who had seen him on the morning of the 26 th , were then called to prove that durinsr the

    whole of the morning he appeared in his usual health . The boy referred to said that as soon as deceased came from dinner he was taken very sick . He laid down for a short time , and then appearing to get better he went on with his work He was sick again when they were going home , and after that night the hoy in question did not see liim . Witnesses were then called to speak to the supposed motive on wliich the prisoner had acted . It was proved thata letter had been written to her , in whicli she was told that her brother ( without saying which ) and her father and mother had requested the writer of the letter to say , that she ( the prisoner ) must not come home , but that if she wanted assistance she must apply to the union . Another witness stated that he had met the nrisoner

    on Christmas-day , and asked her how she did ? She replied , " Pretty well j but Charles wants to turn me and Jack out of doors , that he may bring his wife home ; but he shan't ; and if he does not take care , something shall happen to him before long to spoil his fun , " or words to that effect . The next day an old man named Walker went into Dimond ' s house , and saw the prisoner there . She waa just going to cook the herring in which it was supposed she administered the first dose of poison . She again referred to her brother Charles ' s wish that she should leave , saying that he wanted to turn her out of doors to bring his wife there ; but she would bed—d if he should ever bring a wife there ; and then she added , "I'lltake good cave of that . I'll take d—d _eood

    care he shan't be here long himself . " The old man said he was so shocked at hearing this language that he got up and left the house . He mentioned it the next day to another person , who was afterwards called as a witness , but had not gone before a magistrate , as he did not wish to be brought away from his home , as he could not get about but with great difficulty . When the deceased was lying ill on the Saturday , he wished to make a will , and asked a Mr . Martin , who was present , to make one . For this purpose he desired him to take the key of his box out of his pocket . Martin searched to do so , but could find no key there . The prisoner was called to , and asked if she had seen it . She admitted that it was in her possession ; and when asked what business she had

    with it , she said she had possessed herself of it for the purpose of taking out a small book that was in it . She then went down stairs , leaving Martin to make the will , which he did , and which was signed . The prisonet * again came into the room , and , addressing her brothei _* , Haid . " Charles , you may give away what you please ; but , remember , there are two paiv 9 of trousers in your box , which belong to my husband , and I ' m d d if I do not have them . " She then left the room , as before stated . When her brother died on the Tuesday morning , she was in a neighbour ' s house . When his death was communicated to her , she said , " Well , I am sorry for hun , but I can't cry . " To this evidence was added the testimony of the medical men who had visited the deceased whilst

    alive , and made a post mortem examination of the body . They proved that all the symptoms of the deceased were those that would be sure to follow the taking of an irritant poison like arsenic ; and that on thepost mortem examination they discovered just those appearances which they should have expected to do when the parties had died from poison . Mr . Herapaih , of Bristol , was then called . —The stomach and its rejected contents had been preserved , with a bottle of gruel found in the house ; all of which had been safely conveyed to Mr . Herapath . He had analysed their respective contents . No poison was found in the gruel , contents of the stomach , or the stomach itself ; but in the large intestines and in the liver arsenic was found , and he had no hesitation to say that the deceased had died from the effects of arsenic .

    Mr . Stock addressed the jury for the prisoner , going over the whole of the evidence against her , and contending that it was insufficient to warrant a verdict of guilty . Mr . Justice Coleridge then most minutely and carefully summed up the case . When the learned judge had finished , the jury expressed a wish to retire from the court . They were absent about a quarter of an hour , during which time the prisoner was out of court . On their return , she was again led to the bar , and took her scat in the chair with which she had been accommodated during the whole of the day . For the first time we noticed some symptoms of feeling about the wretched woman . The pupil of her eye dilated and wandered with restless anxiety from face to face . Every sound was hushed , and a grave-like silence prevailed , when the jury having been called over ,

    The officer of the court inquired whether they found the prisoner guilty or not guilty ? The foreman , in a distinct but mournful accent , pronounced the word—Guilty . The learned judge then placed the black cap on his head , and , assuring the prisoner that all hope of mercy in this life was past , and that her days were now numbered and few , he passed upon her the awful sentence of death . During this time the prisoner was supported by a policeman in the doch , and appeared several times as if she wished to speak . When the sentence was over , as they were leading her away , she turned towards the judge and said , " Justice has not been done me ; my life has been unfairly taken away . " She was then led from the dock . Four charges of murder were made against this wretched woman , one of whieh was for the murder of her own mother , on whicli a true bill was found by the grand jury . The other two bills were ignored ,

    Excavatiok Of Human Skeluioxs.—The Work ...

    ExcavaTiok of Human _Skeluioxs . —The work of excavation and embankment , of alternate destruction and consti'uctien that prevails in the centre of the town ( Edinburgh ) , obtains to a more or less degree throughout the whole line ofthe North British Railway . On the east bank of the Esk the deep cutting continues , the railway perforating the rising ground at Pinkie . Within the last few weeks upwards of a dozen of human skeletons have been dug up at this point , most of them being found lying with a large stono on each side of them . It is difficult to say whether the ground at this place may not have fomiorly been a bury ing ground , or whether , as is supposed by some the remains of mortality alluded to may be

    those of men who fell m some ot the numerous skirmishes and battles wluch history records as having taken place in this locality . It will be remembered that in the year 1547 a powerful English army , under the Duke of Somerset , engaged the Scots upon the grounds of Pinkie , in which the former were victorious , the proverbial impetuosity of the Scots being chiefly the cause of their defeat , as it prompted them to take positions that exposed tliem to the cannon of their more wary antagonists . On the day of the battle , Lord Graham , son ofthe first Earl of Montrose , was killed by a cannon-shot while leading his troops

    along the bridge over tho Esk . It is highly probable that the skeletons in question are the relics of some who were killed on that occasion , a supposition which is supported by the state of the bones , which indicate that they must haye been embosomed in the earth for many generations . It was expected that the operations would have laid open some of the pits into which some of those that fell at the battle of Prestonpans were unceremoniously thrown , but as the ground becomes almost level at Dolphinstone _, and continues so over the spot where that memorable event took place , it is not very likely that such expectations will be realised , —Edinburgh Paper .

    A Wauhivg io the Mrs . Caudles . —On Saturday , Mr . Payne held an inquest at St . Bartholomew ' s Hospital , on the body of Mary Crome , aged forty . From , the evidence of several witnesses , it appeared that , about tendaysago , the husband ofthe deceased , a baker , in Camberwell , committed suicido in consequence of the violence of her temper , and her bad conduct towards him . It was stated at the inquest that the husband frequently bore the marks of her ill-usage , and , not many days previously , she burnt his faice with a red-hot poker . After the husband ' s death , the widow ( now deceased ] grieved much for

    his loss , _saying that she should not survive him long ; and on Thursday last she drank a large dose of laudanum at the house of Mrs . Yates , an acquaintance , at No . 4 , Seymour-place , Islington . A surgeon having been called , the deceased resisted , as much as she possibly could , the operation ofthe stomachpump , and instead of swallowing the emetics , poured them down her breast . She was immediately removed to the above hospital , and died there , from the effects ofthe poison , two hours after her admission . The coroner said it was highly probable that remorse had deprived her of the proper use of her reason . Verdict—Temporary Insanity .

    Defeat of the Berwick CoAL-KlXOS!—About a month since the men of Unthank Colliery came to the conclusion that they would give their employer a summons to appear before the magistrates to answer a charge of what they thought robbery . Accordingly Mr . Danielis , Editor ofthe Miners' Advocate , was instructed to take out a summons was , in the name of James Barnes . Accordingly the summons was taken out , and the case was to have been heard on the 5 th of March , but was postponed until thc 2 nd of April , To tiie inexpressible grief of all concerned , at least on the part of the wprkies , a letter arrived at Ncwcastleon-Tync , announcing that it was impossible for Mr . Roberts to attend Berwick on Wednesday . Mr . Danielistoowas in the Auckland districtmany

    , , , miles south . It was at last decided that Matthew Scott , one of the agents of the Association , should attend and render all the assistance he was able . When the case was called on , Mr . Scott requested the magistrates to allow him to conduct the case , in the absence of Mr . Roberts . The attorney for the defence objected ; and after the magistrates had consulted on the matter they decided that Scott should lie allowed to ask any question through the magistrates , but not to address the court . Many witnesses werc examined on both sides , after which , and atthe conclusion of the attorney's speech for the masters ,

    the magistrates consulted together for ten minutes , and then gave the following decision : —That , after weighing the evidence pro and con ., they decided that James Barnes is entitled to 12 s ., the money summoned for , and 7 s . 6 d . costs . —A public meeting was held afterwards , when Mr . Seott addressed themeeting at considerable length , taking for his subject the power of union . A vote of thanks was given to the magistrates , and a cheer for the Union ; after whioh the parties separated . It ft to be hoped that Mr . Carr will bo wise enough to pay the other men what is justly due to them , and not stand another tilt with Law and Justice .

    Dreadful Accidest . — On Tuesday , last week , while a young woman , named M ' Donald , servant to Mr . Duncan , Ruthvenfield , had gone into one ofthe workhouses on some errand , she was caught by a par i ofthe machinery , and before the motion could be arrested , one of her legs was drawn in among the wheels to above the knee , and in that excruciating state the poor creature had to remain nearly three quarters of an hour , till the crushed and lacerated limb could be fully extricated . Medical aid waa promptly on the spot , but the limb was so dreadfully crushed and torn , that it was judged necessary to carry her immediately to the infirmary , where , on due examination , amputation was decided on as the only course that COllld be adopted in the circumstances . During thc painful operation the girl , we are told , maintained the same degree of firmness she displayed when the accident took place , and is now , we are happy to say , in a fair wav of recovery . —Perthshire Advertiser .

    Fire ox Board Ship . —On Monday morning , shortly after two o'clock , police-constable . M 187 , discovered that the ship Cleopatra , Captain _Caslcy _, lying in the King and Queen Dock , Rothcrhithe , was on fire . The vessel was a West India traier , and of several hundred tons burden . Upon the alarm being given , the labourers ofthe dook , with a number of police-constables , hastened to the ship , when they found the galley of the vessel in flames . Without loss of time they commenced throwing buckets of water upon that portion of the ship . Some time , however , was lost before any impression was made upon thc fnry of tho flames . At length the fire was extinguished , but not before the ship's galley was burned , and a number of the spars extensively inj ured . The origin of the fire , or whether or not the vessel was insured , could not be ascertained .

    Discovery of a Mukder hy a Dog . —In the month of August last year , a regiment of the Queen ' s was quartered at Valencia , and a detachment was billeted at a small village near , named Rosafa _; tho officer commanding it , Don Rafael , Marquis de Turia , was lodged at a farmer's , Pedro Ferrer , the best house in the village . Pedro had a wife , Vicenta , young and extremely handsome , to whom he was passionately attached . Before the arrival of the troops in thc village she had been fond of her husband , tranquil , and devout ; but alter the Marquis had been a short time in their house , Pedro perceived an alteration in his wife ' s manners ; fits of foolish gaiety were succeeded by profound melancholy ; in the presence of Don Rafael she was much agitated , and in his absence

    impatient for his return . Pedro ' s suspicions were aroused ; he watched the pair , and soon had convincing proof of his dishonour . He , however , concealed his knowledge of tlieir guilt , awaiting a favourable opportunity for vengeance ; and matters thus went on for a short time , when suddenly Don Rafael disappeared . It was at first thought his duties had called him back to Madrid , but a considerable time elapsing witliout his > return , suspicion was awakened . A peasant recollected having one night , about the time of the disappearance of the Marquis , heard a single but terrible cry—a cry of agony . Pedro repelled all charges with firmness , and for want of proof ' s the matter- dropped . The period of the grand chase of fochas ( a sort of bird" ) arrived , and men ,

    horses , and dogs assembled on thc banks of the river . Among the dogs was one formerly belonging to the Marquis , and which , on arr iving at one part of the river , became greatly agitated , plunged in , and brought out a human hand . Running straight to Rosafa , he placed his burden at the threshhold oi the door of Pedro Ferrer . His wife immediately fainted ; and Pedro , struck by remorse , avowed liis having murdered Don Rafael one night , cut lus body into pieces , and thrown them into different parts of the river ,, thinking thus to elude detection . . He was tried , found guilty , and sentenced to be hanged , which sentence was carried into effect at Valencia last month , amid a large crowd . His guilty wife \* etired to a convent of Carmelites at San Felice , Xatava , to wash away her sins by penitence and prayer . —Gazette des Tribunaux .

    Supposed Murder . —On Monday morning , about half-past five o ' clock , police constable Mackayo , 122 S , who was on duty in the Hainpstead-road , discovered lying in the ditch alongside the road a green stuff bundle . On opening it he found that it contained the body of a fine male child , apparently about a week old . It was dressed in the usual manner , and had on a perfectly new blanket or flannel bound round with white silk , a white robe or frock , and cap with deep lace border . Over this was a diaper towel ,

    and the external part of the bundle on examination turned out to be an old dark green cloak . The body was in the first instance conveyed by the police to the station-house in Heath-street , and from there to the Yorkshire Gray , where it was seen by Mr . Gower , surgeon , of Hampstead . It was his opinion that the deceased had been born alive , and had lived several days . Information having been forwarded to Mr . Wakley , the coroner , he at once issued his warrant to Mr . Gower to make a post mortem examination of the body .

    Suspected Murder at Bromley . —We published about a month , ago a letter , signed " An Inhabitant of Bromley , " on the subject of the death of Maria Monkton , and two inquests that had been held upon it . In the interval we have received several letters on the same subject , some of them casting reflections on parties to which it is very certain their own conduct has exposed them . It is most desirable that such a state of things should not continue , that the matter should be finally considered aud disposed of . The death of the unfortunate young woman took place on the 7 th of November , 1843 . She was found near the chapel at Bromley quite dead , from the effects of prussic acid , and , as the coroner himself remarked at the time , " it was almost impossible that

    any person could take the quantity of prussic acid which the deceased had done , and have strength sufficient to destroy or put away the bottle . " Yet , though the place in which she was found was carefully searched no bottle that could have contained the prussic acid was discovered . Nothing could be more in accordance with propriety , nothing more seemingly zealous , than the conduct of the coroner . We refer our readers for a detailed account of it , and of all the circumstances , to tho files of the Times . On the IGth of November , 1843 , we gave every particular of the adjourned inquest . But when we compare that date with the present time , and consider how long an interval has taken place , we cannot wonder that inquiries should be made why the coroner has not resumed his investigation . We are told that the

    foreman of the jury has already left the place , and gome of the witnesses are about to do so . Surely it is desirable that the inquest should be proceeded with and brought to a close . We know not what valid reason the coroner , Mi * . Carttar , can have to justify him in a course which is certainly very much out of ordinary routlinc ; it behoves him tohave a good onc , if he would avoid imputations on liimself . A very heavy responsibility will rest upon hini if it should hereafter be . brought to light that guilt has escaped because proof has been allowed to disperse and evaporate , which it was within his power to have had fresh and full . At all events , we would advise him without further delay to terminate the proceedings . Justice and his own character require this . —Times , Wednesday .

    • Jlarfeet Fo\Ttui$Tiut+

    • _jlarfeet fo \ ttUi $ tiut +

    London Corn Exchange, Monday, April 1.— ...

    London Corn Exchange , Monday , April 1 . — Very rapid progress has been made , during the last fortnight , in all out-door occupations , the weather having been alike favourable for preparing the land and committing the seed to the soil . Large breadths of barley and oats have been sown in very good order , and bean and pea planting has also made considerable advances . The engagements in the fields have caused a material falling off in the deliveries of gram from the growers ; but , though the principal markets held during the week have been veiy scantily supplied , the trade has remained in a decidedly dull state , and prices of wheat , as well as those ot most kinds of spring corn , have tended downwards in all parts of the country . At MarkJaue _, to-day , there was a small show of wheat by land-carnage samples from Essex , Kent , and Suffolk ; having , however , received upwards of * " 8000 qrs , coastwise during last week , the millers were by no moans anxious buyers .

    London Corn Exchange, Monday, April 1.— ...

    Reallv fine qualities ivere taken off slowly at the currency of this day se ' nnight , but , to have effected a clearance of the common runs , rather less money must have been taken . Factors were not generally disposed to accept lower terms , and a portion of the supply , consequently , remained unsold at the close of business . In duty-paid foreign wheat there was scarcely anything passing ; holders , nevertheless , remained very _fiim , and the trifling sales made were at precisely similar rates to those obtained eight davs ago . In bonded wheat'nothing whatever was done , nor were " any contracts for cargoes to be shipped at continental ports closed , all inclination to make speculative investments having entirely subsided .-By the Hamburgh mail of Friday last , received this morning , we have our usual advices from the

    principal Baltic ports . At Dantzie , Rostock , Stettin , & c ., wheat appears to have rather risen in value in consequence of accounts received there from the north of "trance , Belgium , and Holland , expressing fears as to thc autumn-sown wheat . We have no doubt , however , that the next accounts will bo bf a more subdued tone , and arc fully persuaded that the value of wheat must sooner or later fall to our level on the Continent—that is to say , to such a point as to admit of duty and charges being added to thc cost , and still to pay a small profit when consigned to Great Britain . At Hamburgh , on Friday , the dull English accounts had had some effect , and during the whole of the week scarcely a sale of wheat had been made there . Thc near ports are now all free from ice , but from the more distant parts of the Baltic no supplies

    can reach this country till towards the close of May . The inquiry for flour was very languid this morning , and though quotations of town-manufactured remained nominally unaltered , ship samples werc rather easier to buy . Of barley the supply proved more than equal to the demand , many of the maltsters having left off work . Distilling and grinding qualities moved off tardily at barely the rate of Monday last , but to have succeeded in effecting important sales of malting barley slightly reduced terms must have been acceded to . The tranasotions in malt were on a strictly retail scale , and previous prices were scarcely supported for the ordinary qualities .

    The fresh arrivals of oats were small , as well from our own coast as from Scotland and Ireland . Among last week ' s supply of this grain we had'two cargoes from abroad , one from Holland and ono from Belgium . This morning there was an improved eountry inquiry for oats , but the chief dealers continued to act on tho reserve ; factors , therefore , found it impossible to establish any advance on last Monday ' s- currency , but at the towns of that day a tolerable extent of business was done . English beans werc in lively request , and fully as dear . Peas were also inquired for , and realised the terms of this day week without difficulty . For clover seed we experienced a steady retail demand at slightly reduced prices .

    CUBKENT PRICES OF _GHA . IN , PER IMPERIAL QUxVRTEU . _—JJiitisft . s _s a- I Wheat , Essex , Si Kent , new Si old red 42 id "White SO 55 ——— Norfolk and Lincoln do 43 47 Ditto 49 51 Korthuin . and Scotch white 42 47 Pine 40 53 Irish red old 0 0 " Red 42 44 "White 46 49 Rye Old 31 32 New 30 32 Brank 35 35 Barley Grinding . . 26 28 Distil . 29 31 Malt . 32 38 Malt Brown .... 54 50 Pale 57 SI Ware 62 04 Beans _Ticksold-i-new 30 33 Harrow 32 37 Pigeon 38 40 Peas Grey 32 33 Maple 33 34 White 3 fi 38 Oats Lincolns & _Yorkshire Feed 21 23 Poland 23 25 Scotch Angus 22 24 Potato 24 29 Irish White 20 23 Black 20 21

    Per 2801 b . net . s s Per 2 S 01 b . net . s _s Town-made Flour ... 42 44 | Norfolk Si Stockton 33 3 * Essex and Kent .... 34 36 j Irish 35 36 Free . Bond Foreign , s s as Wheat , _IX-wtsic , Konigsourg _* , & c 53 58 36 38 . Murks , Mecklenburg , . 48 52 32 34 Danish , Holstein , and Friesland red 44 46 26 28 Russian , Hard 44 4 C Soft ... 44 47 . * 26 28 . Italian , Red . . 46 48 White ... 50 52 28 32 Spanish , Hard . 46 48 Soft .... 48 50 28 32 Rye , Baltic , Dried , ... 30 31 Undried . . SO 32 21 22 Barley , Grinding . 26 27 Malting . . 32 33 20 28 Beans , Ticks . . 30 32 Egyptian . 32 33 24 28 Peas , White . . 36 38 Maple . . 32 34 28 30 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 24 25 19 21 Russianfecd , 21 22 15 16 Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , per barrel 24 26 19 20

    London Smithfield Cattle Market , Monday , April 7 . —The imports of live stock from abroad during the past week have been somewhat on the increase , tliey having consisted of fifty-one oxen and twenty-five cows , or a total of seventy-six head , all from Holland , and in fair average condition . To-day there wero on offer twenty-seven beasts , the whole of which were quite equal to those wc have witnessed for some time past , while they found buyers at prices varying from £ 15 to £ 18 10 s . each . The navigation being now open at Rotterdam , several large importations of beasts are expected thence in the present week . From our own grazing districts , the arrivals of beasts fresh up to-day were somewhat extensive for the time of year , while a slight improvement was noticed in their general quality , especially as respects

    the Scots from Scotland . Although we had a full average number of buyers in attendance , the beef trade was in a very sluggish state , at prices barely equal to those obtained on Monday last—the primest Scots producing 3 s . lOd , per 81 b . At the close ofthe market a clearance was not effected . The droves from Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , consisted of 2000 Scots and homebreds ; while from the northern grazing districts we received only 150 short-horns , * from the western and midland districts , 400 Herefords , runts , Devons , « fee . ; from other parts of England , 300 of various breeds ; and from Scotland , 120 horned and polled Scots . The numbers of sheep were not to say extensive , though quiteequal to the demand . On the whole , the mutton trade was firm , and the primest old Downs found ready buyers

    at 4 s . 6 d . per 8 lb—other breeds in proportion—being extremo figures . From the Isle of Wight 140 lambs were received , while the supplies from Essex , Hampshire , & c , were good . The lamb trade was somewhat active , at fully last week ' s quotations , the best qualities being held at 6 s . per 81 b . The suppl y of calves was small , and met a heavy inquiry , at late rates . In pigs we have very few sales to report , yet the quotations were mostly supported . By the quantities of Sib ., sinking the offal . s . a . 8 . d . Inferior coarse beasts ... 2428 Second quality . . . . 2 10 3 2 "Prime large oxen .... S 4 3 d Prime Scots , Sic 3 8 3 19 Coarse inferior sheep ... 2 10 3 2 Second quaUty .... 3 4 3 6 Prime coarse woolled . . , 3 8 4 0

    Lambs 4 8 6 0 Prime Southdown ( out of the wool ) 3 8 4 0 Ditto ( in the wool ) . . . 4 2 4 6 Large coarse calves .... 3 4 4 2 Prime small 4 4 4 8 Suckling calves , each , . , 18 0 22 0 Large hogs 3 0 3 6 Neat small porkers ... 3 8 4 2 Quarter-old store pigs , each . . 16 0 20 0 nEAD OF CATTLE ON SALE . ( From the Books ofthe Clerk ofthe Market . ) Beasts , 2 , 937-Sheep and Lambs , 26 , 230-Calves , 78—Pigs , 318 .

    Manchester Corn Market , Saturday , April 5 . — With a continuance of favourable weather during the -week-, great inactivity was apparent in the demand for every article in the trade , prices liaving been altogether nominal . Of flour from Ireland the imports into Liverpool and Runcorn arc this week to a fair amount ; but of other articles thence or coastwise they are only moderate ; and there are no arrivals from abroad . At our market this morning very few transactions occurred in wheat , although that article was freely offered at a reduction of Id . to 2 d . per 7011 ) 3 . No inquiry of moment for flour-There was a moderate demand for oats , and prices were without change . Oatmeal was in very limited request , and barely supported its previous value . In beans no alteration was observable .

    Liverpool Corn Market , Monday Aphil 7 . — The arrivals of British wheat ,. oats and oatmeal , since this day se ' nnight , are of small amount , but a fair quantity of flour is reported from Ireland . Throughout thc week the weather has been very favourable for the country , and will have enabled the farmers to make good progress with thoir work on the land , The corn trade here has continued in an exceedingly dull state ; on Friday very few sales were effected of any article , and those at barely so good prices as quoted last Tuesday . The best Irish red wheat has been disposed of at 6 s . 8 d . to 6 s . 9 d ., and fair qualities at Cs , 4 d . to Os . 3 d ., per 7 . 0- lbs . Good brands of Irish flour are offered at 36 s . to 3 ; ts . per 280 lbs ., and move with difficulty . The quantity of Irish oats on this market is not large , and good mealing samples command 2 s . Hd . per 451 _bs . Oatmeal has met only a retail demand at 23 s . to 24 s . per load for fair cuts of _Irish

    _. Liverpool Cattle Market , Monday , April 7 . —We have had a good supply of cattle at market to-day , which met with dull sale , although we had a numerous attendanceof buyers at last week ' s prices . Beef ojd . to 5 _Jd . ; mutton 6 _* d . to 0 U . per lb . —Cattle imported into Liverpool , from the 31 st March to the 1 th April * . —134 G cows , 0 calves , 3420 sheep , 182 . lambs , 8317 pigs , 33 horses . Richmond Corn Market , Monday , Aram . 5 .- —Wc had a large supply of all kinds of grain , whicli . caused the prices to be a little lower than last week . *—Wheat sold from os . Gd . to Cs . , oats 2 s . 4 d . to . 3 s . ; barley 3 s . 6 d . to 4 s . ; beans 4 s . 3 d . to 4 s . 6 d . per . bushel .

    Malton Corn Market , April 5 . —We have a very short supply of all kinds of grain offering to tliis day ' s market . Wheat and barley Is . perqr . lower ; oats same as last week . Wheat , red 44 s . to 48 s . ; white ditto , 48 s . to 52 s . per qr . of 40 st . Barley , 27 s to 30 s . per 32 st . ; oats , lOd . to nd . . per _, 5 tQne . Leeds Oorn ~ Market , _ _'Tuesj _> ay , Apbil 8 . —Our supplies ave well maintained , and to-day we have had a good show of all articles , ; wheat must be quoted _lsl per qr . lower and sales , slow at this decline . Barley is also ls . per qr . cheaper , with a good proportion of this supply remaining over , the demand being extremely limited . Oats , beans , and shelling steady in value , with afsir mquiry .

    10 EK uom Marrei ! ,, April 5 , —We have again a small supply of wheat at to-day ' s market , which sold slowly , at rather under last week ' s quotations . Barley , oats , and beans , the quantity offering was rather larger than visual , and taken chiefly tor seed , at rather over the prices of last week .

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 12, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_12041845/page/7/