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Northern Star (1837-1852), 14th September 1850, Edition 3 of 3, Page 3, STARS FOR IRELAND. TO THE EniTOR OF TnE ...

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    • OS PHYSICAL ¦ DISQUALIPICATItiNS. U13NBRATIVB INCAPACITY , ANDJMI'JSWMJENTS TOMAK1UAGE. Thirt y-fivSt edition, illustrated witli.Twenty-Six Anatomi. g al Engravings. on' Steel,'enlarged to 19l> pages, prica f*- Co J.by post, direct from tho Establishment, 3s. 6d. in postage stamps..
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      The Ut Of The Windows S Eptember 14,C185...

      S eptember 14 , c 1850 . THE NORTHE _& N < fiT A _tf-^^^ _^^^ _- _^—^_^ . _^^ _" _^^ * , _^ _^^^^^—amamummmarwmsmaa _^ _mnm _^ _awaMi _^— ' " ' * ' * ** XVt tj _ - - -i -i ' " . ¦ 1 . " ~ ' " ¦ ' ' - _~ ' _^^^^^^^ _BM ' _*^* _" _* ' _*** _—*~ _W _«__*____* _i'MM _*^ _M _* _MM' _^ _gM _* _M' _» _lMM- _|* l ¦ ii _» in — . * Mn > Hn'Mii _*^___

      * Pwtry

      * _pwtry

      The " Swisisn Multitude." (From Butler's...

      THE " SWISISn MULTITUDE . " ( From Butler ' s Hudibras . ) How various and innumerable Are those who live npon t he rabble ! 3 Tis they maintain the Chur ch and State , _ mploy the priest and magistrate ; Bear all the charge of gove rnment , And pay the public fines-and rent ; Defray _alltases and excises , And impositionsof allprices ; _Beiu-allexpen _^ of _peaceMdwar , And pay the pulpit and the bar ; Stato all churches and religions , And give their pastors exhibitions .

      A Tvord " Ix Season. ' Bt L. M. Ihobmojt...

      A _TVORD " IX SEASON . ' _BT L . M . _IHOBMOJT . ¦ Winter is coming , winter is coming , "What shall we do for the poor ? _ et them , as Dives did Lazarus , "Unheeded lie at the door 1 So \ rather break ihe crust in twain , saying , " ¦« Take it—we wish it was more . " * ffinter is coming , winter is coming , Rich men say what will ton do ? Te who know not what it is to be starving—Would to God none ever knew , — Part with your riches—there ' s treasure in Heaven ; Trust the Omnipotent _' s word ; lie of his substance who to the poor giveth , Verily lends to the Lord !

      Ar00312

      The War In Hungary, 1848-9. By Mas Schle...

      The War in Hungary , 1848-9 . By Mas _Schlesinger . Translated by J : E . Taylor . Edited , with Kotes and an Introduction , "b y Francis _Polszky . 2 vol . Bentley . M . Max Schlesinger is by birth a Hungarian , —hy the accidents of fortune a German . For some time a resident in Prague , and more recently settled in Berlin , he has had excellent opportunities of seeing the men and studying the questions connected both in the literary and political sense with the present movement of ideas and races in Eastern Europe . _^ His acquaintance with the aspects of nature in his native land—his knowledge of the peculiar

      character of its inhabitants , then * manners , modes of thought and habits of life—his familiarity with its past history—his right conception ofthe leading men in the recent struggle —are all vouched for as " essentially _accurate" by no less an authority than Count _Polszky . Is would be an injustice merely to say that M . Schlesinger has given in an original _^ ind picturesque way a general view of the conr . se of events in the late war more complete and connected than is afforded in any account hitherto presented to the puhlic . He has done more : he has enabled the German and English reader to understand the miracle of

      a nation of four or five millions of men rising tip at the command of a great statesman and doing successful battle with the elaborately organised power of a first class European state , shaking it to its very foundations , and contending , not without hope , against two mighty military empires , —untU the treachery from within paralysed its power of resistance . The struggle , brief as it Avas , brought out , tothe surprise of Europe , almost every element which mig ht have contributed to success—great statesmen , great generals , expert financiers , adroit diplomatists , heroic soldiers . In these mysteries M . Schlesinger has contrived to throw many and interesting side-li g hts . So

      far as affects the political and military question , -we have here the social organisation of the country laid bare , —we become familiar -with the Csikos , the Kanasz , the _Gulyas , and the Halaszes in their homes and among their Dative forests and heaths . We find the material of armies , so to say , -waiting for the forming hand of genius—ready to obey its pressure and take the shape desired . We feel almost present in the scene ; and , as the Americans say , can realise the mode iu which Kossuth ' s extraordinary power was exercised . The effect rather increases in grandeur , when ¦ we come to understand the means . The thing ceases to be a mystery , — but remains a miracle .

      M . Schlesinger gives an interesting account ofthe Csikos , the Kanasz , and the Gulyas . The first is the hunter of the half-wild horses reared on the great Hungarian plains ; the second is a swineherd , in a country where the profession is one of great hardship and peril ; the third , is the lord ofthe heath on which his cattle feed . The Csikos makes a magnificent hussar when well trained ; but in the late war they fought with their long whips , and with these did excellent service : —

      The foot soldier who has discharged his musket is lost when opposed to the Csikos . His bayonet , with which he can defend himself against the Uhlans and Hussars , is here of no use to him ; all his _prac--tised'inaaoeavres and sfcill are unavailing against the long whip - of his enemy , whieh drags him to the ground , or beats him to death with its leaden buttons ; nay even if he had still a charge in his musket , heeouldsooner hit a bird on the wing , than the Csikos— -who _riding- round and round him in -wild _Sounds , dashes with Ms steed first to one side , then to another with the speed of lightning , so as to frustrate any aim . The horse-soldier , armed in the usual manner , fares not much better , and woe to him if he

      meets a Csikos singly better to fall in with a pack of ravenous -wolves . It -was fortunate for the Imperialists tbat ihe Csikoses , from the nature of tbeir weapons , were incapable of fighting in close ranks , or they would have constituted a " most formidable power . _Nevertheless , in a semi-official report it was stated that tbey had broken the centre of an Austrian corps before Comorn j but their boldness and the _disparagement of the Austrians must on this occasion have assisted them quite as much as their whip and the short hook , which in case of need they Sari -with _dexterity . A . t _Wleselburgr the Imperialists caught one of these fellows alive , and brought him as a curiosity to the camp . The General in command and his officers bad a mind to see the

      crown bird on the wing , and stuck np a man of straw in front of the tents , on which the Csikos -was ordered to exhibit his skill . The lad consented , only desiring to be shown the point where his leaden ball was te strike . lie then galloped at full speed several times round the straw figure , whirled his ¦ whip in the air , and to the astonishment of all present , the ball struck exactly the spot marked . The spectacle -was , by general desire , ordered to be repeated a second aad a third time , when possibly

      it occurred to the poor hunted Csikos that he might make a better use of his weapon than against a harmless man of straw ; and with a wild scream he whirled his whip into the midst ofthe gaping circle , <} a 3 hed through it on bis trusty horse , and away _-over the country through the green corn-fields to the Danube . A dozen _suotB were fired after him , but fortune favoured the fugitive : he reached the opposite shore and the camp of his country _ en in afety .

      Oat of snch men it was not difficult to make _vraiTiors , when generals , stores , arms , equipments , money had been obtained : —but these all required also to be created . We look back with astonishment at the working power of Kossuth . He stamped his . name on bits of paper , an & _fhis countrymen took them as gold . They exchanged foi * them all the Austrian bank notes in the country . These were sent to Vienna , and cashed . Arms , ammunition , -army clothing were smuggledin from abroad ; a system of telegr aphs arose at his bidding ; and tiie comfort and even the lives of delicate women were placed at his disposal to expedite despatches . M . _ScMesiugervividl y describes this system : — - '

      No one had ever before heard of teleeranhs in Hungary , and now on a sudden we arTtoW Sth " existence of an immense net ! This ___ £ ? e Ithtr _^ t _^* ' " ° some _« planation . it is true that there are no proper _teleeranhs _Z ever _. have been _. _-inJIungary : _OnthehSs ' and on the . church _, towersV % e find no SanhiJ apparatus by day , nor fire signals by night ; wSd _* o electee _wes or batteries . on _theVamll and yet _^ OSSUth had bis telegraphs . Let the S £ now cast a glance over thi meadow at Buda _ mo ley crowd is there in motion Adjutants are galloping . toand fro _^ _mp-sutlersare packing _" n then-goods _* _ihehwsesareputto . thepontoon . equi . page ,. the . drums . beat . and trumpets sound . _% _he horses neigh and snort , the harness cracks and snaps , knapsacks are strapped ; the cannon advance in order of march , the columns axe set in motion and . gradually the immense train falls into _ni-do- /

      and crosses the bridge _tofPesth with a hollow , measured step on its road to Szolnpk . The inhabitants « P esth are gathered in dense crowds and silent *

      The War In Hungary, 1848-9. By Mas Schle...

      the women gaze put of the windows with sad and anxious looks ; but all is still-not a single cheer is heard for the soldiers who are going forth to battle ; but a . hundred thousand prayers ,. breathed in silence for the enemies whomfhey are going to encounter , is aU the farewell _saufation they take with them on their march . A dashing cavalry officer hasmeanwhileridden on beforethroughthe streets , and lighted his cigar at the pipe of a countryman standing idle at the banner , - fin-doing so the man ' s pipe goes out : what can it be that moves him so powerfully ? He runs aside to a sand-hill , quickly strikes a light again with a flint ahd steel ; - but instead of lighting the tobacco in his pipe , he kindles a faggot , extinguishes it again , once more lights it , and goes his way . . Tho man must be a dreamer or a madman , for he has thrown his short pipe also into the fire , to make it burn the brighter ............ Let us look further . At short distances another il . J _ .. _*» - sin _S-inVft ftllf l \ _P k \ . r . __ J 1 _ * _ _""

      column of smoke , and another , and still another A . little hump-backed gipsy-lad , who hasbeen gathering faggots in the woods from early in the morning , perceives a column of smoke , and immediately throws on the ground the bundle he has collected with such labour , Sets fire to his treasurea second Sardanapalus . -We now turn our view still further to the east . A boy is seen running through the village—a horseman is flying , over the Heath—a dog swims across the river—and horse and rider , dog and boy , are all links in that great , living , invisible net of telegraphs . A few hours after tbe Imperial army has set out from Buda _. j the rout of its march is known on the banks of the Theiss , and the necessary precautions are taken , whilst the Imperial General with all his power cannot bribe one trusty spy . Such is the history of the Hungarian telegraphs , which were used in : the _Uetherland as early as by . Phili p II ., and will always find employment where a national war is waged _asainst a foreign standing army .

      This is one side of the picture . Then let us glance at another . It is in these things that the secrets ofthe grand results which amazed the west of Europe are to be sought .- — It was on the second evening after Razga _' s execution , that a carriage stopped at the door of a nobleman ' s mansion in the county of T *** . This country house was _situated in one of the finest parts of the noble _valiey of the Waag , aside from the high road . * * During the whole year all had been quiet in this mansion : its possessor had followed Kossuth from Pesth to Debreczin ; his beautiful wife and her youngest sister kept house alone , with a few trusty servants . The two ladies had hastily stepped on to the balcony , to see whether the visit was to them , and what guest could have wandered into the solitude of their retired valley . In a fe w minutes the stranger stood before tbem , and delivered a letter from Debreczin . The master of

      thc house introduced him as a friend and patriot , adding that he was the bearer of papers of great importance , which had to be conveyed to Vienna , and forwarded from thence to Teleki at Paris . The ladies were requested to do all in their power to assist him . Half the night was passed in taking counsel together and relating occurrences . The young man , who was here first informed of the execution of Razag , his friend and tutor , took a solemn oath io avenge his death . His passionate spirit , which might endanger the enterprise , the difficulty of reaching Vienna at that time , when the frontier and the line of the Waag were doubly watched , together with the importance of the mission , inspired the two ladies with the adventurous idea of undertaking

      the journey , and executing the commission themselves . The scruples of their guest were removed by the force of circumstances : the same night he returned , and at an early hour the following _morning these two delicate ladies set out on foot , clad as peasant-women , on tbeir way to Pressburg . Two days and three nights lasted this wearisome journey , which at other times , with their fine horses , they wonld bave accomplished in a few hours . Frequently they had to climb steep mountain paths , to avoid tbe piquet ol an Austrian outpost ; and when , exhausted by fatigue , they reached the spot where they had expected to find an open path , they descried in the distance a horse patrol of the enemy , and bad to crouch down half the night in a thicket almost dead with fatigue , tormented with hunger , in nervous dread of discovery , shivering on tbe

      damp ground in the forests—two noble , rich , proud ladies of Hungary . One moment was the most dreadful of all . They had , in tlie darkness of night , entered the border of a thicket , without observing a post of the enemy which was on watch there . Suddenly they hear , not far off . a voice— ' Who goes there V then a ? ain . and yet a third time . In aiarm they retreat behind some trees—a flash startles them at scarcely fifty paces distance—a shot—a rustling in the branches—the whistling of a musket balltben cries , exclamations , the steps cf men close to them . The younger countess had sunk fainting on the ground - ' and her sister , who believed her struck dead , fell on her knees in despair beside her . To _thiscircumstancethey owed their safety ; the low bushes between the slender stems of the . trees concealed tbem from tbe observation ofthe soldiers in

      search , who with lanterns were scouring the thicket and firing at random . It was not until after an hour of unspeakable anguish that the sisters recovered strength to steal back again . The following evening they reached Pressburg in safety , and were there concealed by a female friend , who sympathised with them . * * The following night they slept in Vienna , in the apartment of a student , " to whom tbey had been referred from Pressburg . The _young man . happy in being able to shelter two of the noblest ladies of his country * took _charge of their despatches , and , like a faithful guardian , slept through the night outside tbe door ol their room . The despatches were written in the _language of the country , provided with tbe great seal of the government , and destined to be transmitted to tlie Ministers of France and England . These noble ladies journeyed by Odeuburg back to tbeir quiet valiey on the Waag , where they remained until tha conclusion of the war .

      Nor were they only the inferior agents of the statesman who found themselves in these romantic and perilous positions . The reader will remember that when Prince Windichgratz arrived in Pesth , few-persons . in England expected the Magyar struggle to De renewed . Of the west of Hungary , Comorn only held out ; and the agents of Vienna almost persuaded the commander of that fortress to surrender on the ground thai the war was ended . It was thought impossible

      for Kossuth to communicate withthe garrison ; but as soon as the armies began their movements from Debreczin , he appointed our countryman , General Guyon , to the command , with orders to get to his post in the best way he could . An absurd story was told at the time in all the German and English newspapers , to the effect , that at the head of a dozen hussars , he fought his way through ail the beleaguering armies of Austria . The real facts are given by M . Schlesinger . as follows : —

      A dirty-looking Jew , in a torn shabby coat , nn old hat , and with uncombed hair , is seen wandering up and down one street after another at Baja , and inquiring for a cheap conveyance to carry him to Honyhad . The Jew , according to ancient custom , wears ostentatiously over his coat a jacket yellowed with age : at his back he carries a box containing matches , needle : * , and shoe-blacking—the portable booth out of-which he has to get his livelihood , and whose contents he offers for sale to the passers-by with greedy importunity . One man snubs him and buys a pennyworth of some article ; a second purchases nothing , but takes the liberty of bestowing on him some abusive epithet ; thc village boys , just

      broken loose from school , where they have been reading of the sufferings and meekness of Christ , venttheir wrath on the accursed race by pelting the unhappy Jew with dirt ; nay , even the dogs in tbe street _feem to know the Paris , and run barking round him . Last ot all , a troop of Croat soldiers , reeling out of a tavern ; plunder his store of blacking , and in their drunken wantonness fall to blackening the feet of St . _Jfepomuk , who stands under the two white poplars ... Fortunately a clergyman , chancing to pass that way , takes the poor pedlar to his vicarage , to shelter him from ill-treatment . The name of this kind Samaritan we know not , but we remember the name of the Jew—it has an

      outlandish sound- _^ Guyon Gey , Bnron of Pamplun . The high-born Briton bad adopted this _disguiee not without reason . The pedlar has at all times . the privilege of roving through field and forest _^ village and town ; and of all the various languages spoken between the Ley tha and the Maros , 'Guyon was acquainted with none except the dialect of the Polish Jews . He was a perfect master of this language , in which respect , as well as in personal bravery , be had no equal among the Austrian officers except Count Scblik . Tbis General gained his knowledge of orental languages-from his long residence in Galicia , where intercourse with tbo Jews is as indespensable to existence as the air to breathing . Probably Guyon likewise , during his service , in the Imperial army , had been in garrison there long enough to be" able now to try his hand in the character of a Jewish pedlar . How far Guyon tra veiled atout in this disguise , remains a secret with himself : but the skill and success , with which he

      acted his part are proved by his safe arrival at Comorn . The story of his having , with twelve Dttssars , fought his way through tbe midst of the investing corps ofthe enemy , is a mere fable . Peo _* pie are never at a loss when itventing marvellous stories oftheir favourite heroes , and there was no enterpnze of danger and heroism wbich the Hussars ¦ were not ready to attribute to Guyon . Guyon ' s suaden appearance in . the fortress , the fame which nan preceded him , his resolute charaoter , together ¦ wtn the accounts he gave of the enemy ' s positions ,

      The War In Hungary, 1848-9. By Mas Schle...

      of the general enthusiasm of the country and the in creased strength of the Magyar army , of Gorgey , Bern , and Kossuth , restored the confidence of the officers in the garrison . — From this scene we pass towards the mournful Conclusion of these high hopes and heroip efforts .. . Tho overpowering forces of Russia have succeeded—Gorgey has given up to despair thev last hopes of Hungary—the hangman Haynau , is at his work-On the 6 th of October thirteen generals and staff officers were executed . ' Four of these heroic men met their end at daybreak , the commutation of their sentence to " powder and lead" exempting

      them from the anguish of witnessing the death of their _companions-m-arms . Amongst tho rest was Ernest Kiss . His brother had become insane after Gorgey ' s treachery ; his cousin had fallen , a second Leonidas , in the defence ofthe Rothenthurm-Pass ; he himself , the richest landed proprietor in the Banat , whose hospitable castle was all the year round filled with Austrian cavaliers and officers , was on theGth of October sentenced to death by the Austrian court-martial , on which sat many of the former , partakers of his hospitality . Dis _friendsat Vienna had interceded . to save his life , but in vain . He died a painful death ; the Austrian soldiers who were ordered to carry the sentence into effect , and

      who for a whole year had faced the fire of the Hungarian artillery , trembled before their defenceless victim : three separate volleys were fired before Kiss fell—his death struggles laBted full ten minutes . The report of the firing was heard in the castle , were those officers sentenced to be hung were preparing for death . Poltenberg had been in a profound sleep , and startled , as he-told the Austrian officer , by the first volley , he had jumped out of bed .. The . unhappy man had been dreaming that he was in the face of the enemy , and heard . the firing'of : alarm ' signals at his outposts : —it was the summons from the grave . At six o ' clock in the _morning , the condemned officers wero led to the

      place of execution . Old Aulich died first : he was the most advanced in years , aud the court-martial seemed thus to respect the natural privilege of age . Distinguished by bis zeal and efforts in the cause of his country , more than by the success which attended them , Aulich was inferior to many of his comrades in point of talent ; but in uprightness and strength of character , none surpassed' hjm . Count Leiningen was the third in succession , and the- youngest . . An opportunity had been offered him late on the preceding evening of esca ping by flight ; but he would not separate his fate from that of his brother-in-law , who was a prisoner in the fortress . His youth , * perhaps , inspired him

      with a desire of giving to his elder companions in sorrow around him an example of heroic stoicism in death ; and , on reaching the place of execution , he exclaimed , with melancholy humour , They ought at least to have treated us to a breakfast !'• One of the guard of soldiers compassionately handed bim his wine-flask . ' Thank you , my friend , ' said the young general , ' I want no wine to give me courage , —bring me a glass of water . ' He then wrote on his knee with a pencil the following farewell words to his brother-inlaw . ' The shots which this morning laid my poor comrades low still resound in my cars , and before me bangs the body of Aulich on tho gallows . In

      this solemn moment when I must prepare to appear before my Creator , I once more protest against the charges of cruelty at the taking of Buda , which an infamous slanderer has raised against me . On the contrary , I have , on all occasions , protected the Austrian prisoners . I commend to you my poor _Liska , and my two children . I die for a , cause which always appeared to me just and holy . If in happier days my friends ever desire to avenge my death , let them reflect , that hum-inky is thc best political wisdom . As for" ** here the hangman interrupted him : it was time to die . Torok , Lahner , Poltenberg _, Nagy , Sandor , Knezicb , died one after tbe otber . Tecsey was the last ; perhaps they wished by this nine-fold aggravation of his

      torments , to make him suffer for the destruction caused by his cannon at Temesvar . Damianich preceded him . The usual dark colour of his large features was heightened by rage and impatience . His view had never extended further than the glittering point of his heavy sabre : this was tho star which he had followed throughout life ; but now ho saw whither it had conducted him , aud impatiently he exclaimed , when limping up to the gallows ; ' Why is that I , who have always been foremost to face the enemy ' s fire , must here be the last V The deliberate slowness of the work of butchery seemed to disconcert him more than the approach of death , which he had defied in a hundred battles . This terrible scene lasted from six until nine o'clock . "

      A good deal of space is given by M . Schlesinger to a developcment of the characters of the good genius and the evil one of the struggle _^—Kossuth and Gorgey . Count _Pulszky also furnishes a separate biography of the general . Their estimates , taken from entirely different points of view , are not incompatible . They both acquit him of the charge of having sold his country for gold . They cannot forget that he is an Hungarian . They attribute his treachery simply to the envy of Kossuth' ; a passion which they think became powerful enough to induce him to disregard his own

      fair fame , his couutry ' s rights , and the lives of his companions in glory , to thc prompting of a remorseless vanity . He would not be second to the man whom history will pronounce to be immeasurably his superior . This view of his character and case we find it difficult to adopt . While Poltenberg , ( who loved him ) and Damianich and Vecsey lie in dishonoured graves , —and while Kossuth , who raised him from an obscure position to the highest rank , languishes in a foreign prison , — he Hycs , a guest , on the Austrian soil , and is rewarded with a pension by the Viennese government ! This fact involves the whole moral of his

      story . Hungary and Europe have pronounced upon these two men . Kossuth in a dungeon is still a power ; the hearts aud the hopes of his countrymen are still with him in his exile . Should events lead to fresh changes in the cast , says M . Schlesinger , "Kossuth will re-enter his country , hailed with a welcome such asno man on earth has ever received from a nation . "

      Fgeria, Or The S P Irit; Of Nature; And ...

      Fgeria , or the S p irit ; of Nature ; and other Poems . By Ouablbs Mackay . London : Bogue . 1850 . In a well-written prefatory essay , Dr . Mackay combats tbe dogma that modem science and material prosperity have killed poetry . Of the first lie says , ' -. Science is the nursing mother of poetry , who shows it whither to fly , aud fo what g lorious regions to turn in search of new inspiration . " Even Utilitarianism , io its widest sense , as be contends , "by no means excludes tho ornamental , " and at once acknowledges aud satisfies the cravings of tlie mind and fancy , as .- \ yell as those of the . body .

      The question , after all , is tobe settled by example rather than precept . There are wellknown harmonies in our present author ' s former works , worthily companioned by sonie few iu this new Yolume , which have done more to settle in the affirmative the existence of ia real poetic spirit iu the heart ofthis nineteenth century than could be accomplished by reams of argument . But while conceding the perennial existence of poetry , and its infinite adaptability to every form and habitude of associated humanity , we may reserve a doubt whether certain embodiments of tho poetic element are not unfitted for certain eras of social and

      national existence . Like man himself , though careering round a longer cycle , successive _developements of civilisation pass through their periods of youth , of vigour , and of decay , arid require to have the food for their fancy changed quite as much as the exercises for their strength , or the checks for their eccentricities . These are not times forthe longer and statelier developements of poetry . The atmosphere is too perturbed—readers too _buay—the spirit of combativeness too general . Turning , however , from these speculations to the volume before us , we find Dr . Mackay confessing , in fact , whatever theory . he may urge , that tho new era is not grown beyond

      the age of _ballad-singing . Glorious ballads , moreover , are those he has given us , here and heretofore . Earnest in purpose , striving , healthy in tone , breathing energy and endurance in every cadence , his brief poems are true inspiration , _spoken by a seer who knows the existing spirit and wants of humanity . And mingled with these sterner notes are the tones of tenderer _paBBions , aud the affluence of natural beauties and harmonies , which teach use that nojp , as in Paradise of old , love is the _help-meetest for strength . But we have , not now to tell , or our readers to hear , for the first timo ef the characteristics of Dr . Mackars muse . Suffice it to say , that they will not be

      Fgeria, Or The S P Irit; Of Nature; And ...

      _dwappointed in the . specimens collected iri the present publication . We must limit ourselves to a brief extract or two . ¦ The foUbwing is in the author ' s happiest yein :- ~ '! '

      - . TIIE IVY IN , THB DUNGEON . TT % T ' _- m a d _« ngeon grew Unted by rain , unoheered by dew ; -us pallid leaflets only drank _^ aye-moistures foul , and odours dank . But through the dungeon-grating high _i-nere-fell a sunbeam from the sky ; It slept upon tho grateful floor In silent gladness evermore . The ivy fe _\ t a tremor shoot Through all its fibres to the root ; It felt the light ' , it saw the ray , It strove to blossom into day ;

      " reached the beam—it thrilled—it curled-It blessed the warmth that cheers the world ; It rose towards the dungeon bars-It looked upon the sun and stars . It felt the life of bursting Spring , It heard the happy sky-lark sing . It caught tho breath of morns and eves , And wooed the swallow to its leaves . By rains , and dews , and sunshine fed Over the outer wall it spread ; And iri the daybeam waving free , It grew into a steadfast tree . In a different st yle , but not less pleasant in its way , is .

      THE SECRET OF SUCCESSFUL LTINO . Build a lie—yes , build a lie , A large one—bo not over tender ; Give it a form , and rafse it high , That all the world may see its splendour ; Then launch it like a mighty ship On the restless sea of men ' s opinion , And the ship shall sail before the gale Endued with . motion and dominion . Though storms may batter it evermore , Though ariery lightnings flash around it , Thoush whirlwinds rave , and whirlpools roar , To overwhelm and to confound it , The ship shall ride , all wrath of time And hostile elements defying : The winds of Truth aro doubtless strong , ' But great ' s the buoyancy of lying .

      And though the ship grow old at last , Leaky , and water-logged , and crazy , Yet stillthe hulk endures the blast , And fears no weather , rough or hazy ; For sbould she sink , she'll rise again , No strength her rotten planks shall sevei Give her bnt size , and the worst of lies May float above the world for ever .

      Leisure Moments. A Monthly Journal Of Po...

      Leisure Moments . A Monthly Journal of Popular , Domestic , Recreative , Philosophical and Hygienic Literature . Edited by R . J . Culverwell , M . D ., Argyll-place , Regent-street , London . This is a very long title , but it fully explains the nature and objects of Di * . Culverwell ' s periodical , which is written in , a gossippy and entertaining style , and is sufficiently varied in its contents . The opening article on the " Lakes of Killarney , " appears to be all that

      is needed in the way of a hand-book for intending visitors to that most beautiful of Irish scenery ; and at this holiday season , when all who have a little time and money to spare , are turning their backs upon crowded towns in search of fresh air , change of scene , and health , such a cheerful communicative guide as the editor , at a cheap price , ought to bo duly appreciated . He evidently has a much better opinion of the " Hygienic virtues __ of generous diet , and plenty of healthful exercise inthe open air amidst pleasant scenery , than all tho contents of the pharmacopoeia . "

      ———^ 3?Ti&!Ic Ftmtwmritt*.

      _———^ 3 ? ti &! ic _ftmtwmritt _* .

      Royal Polytechnic Institution. A New Mod...

      ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . A new mode of propulsion is daily demonstrated at the above-named establishment , which , under this title of the Nova Motive , consists of a series of carriages travelling along with their own motion , in tho form ofa tube , which is flexible and airtight . This tube has a scries of slide valves , entirely under the care of a guard , who , by levers , has perfect control over his train . Along the -vholo line of railway is laid a pipe , in connexion with wliich a series of pistons are fixed between the rails intended to receive the tube above mentioned in its passage . In these pistons are atmospheric valves ,. opening

      into thc fixed pipe , which is always kept exhausted , so that when tlie train passes over the pistons the slide valves in the tube are opened by means of inclined planes communicating with other-, levers , which levers ; aro raised upon tho train passing . The atmosphere existing in tho tube , consequently rushes from the tube to supply the vacuum , and tho train is impelled by external atmospheriQ pressure . The inventor , Mr . Weston , with several other practical mechanic s ,-formed into a society culled tho "Inventors' Protection Society , " has executed the illustration cf a system by which tho inventor states that a great saving may be accomplished .

      Stars For Ireland. To The Enitor Of Tne ...

      STARS FOR IRELAND . TO THE EniTOR OF TnE NORTHERN STAR . Dear Sir , —As the Irish people , everywhere , are beginning to think like men , and to put faith in principles , but none , thank God , in loud talking patriots ; and as I am most anxiously desirous to lend them a helping hand , may I request that you will have thc kindness to publish this note in next Saturday ' s Star , in order that some of your subscribers may send their Stars to the undernamed parties . Those who do send should mention it in tho Star of the following week , lest too many should be sent to one place . It would be well to send the paper as clean as possible , as the parties here have all coffee rooms , viz .: — Mr . D . Murphy , Roundwood , Newtown , Mount Kennedy ; Mr . R . P . Stevenson , ditto ; Mr . John M'Clements , Mount Kennedy ; Mr . P . Mbran , Atl ' ord , County Wicklow ; Mr . Bourkes Hotel , Athlone ; Mr . Isaac Moore , 'William-street , Limerick ; The Brazen Head Hotel , Bridge-street , Dublin ; The Provincial Hotel , Dublin .

      I shall send you additional names next week . In the meantime I am , truly yours , , Paikicii O'lllGOISS , Roundwoud , Newtown , Mount Kennedy , -County Wicklow .

      Sceses Asn Life , In Caufornia.—Mr. John...

      Sceses Asn Life , in _Caufornia . —Mr . John Whitford , jun ., a gentleman recently engaged aaa clerk in the service of Miv William Laird , " a Liverpool merchant , in a letter written to that gentleman from San Francisco , gives some interesting details concerning California , and its strange inedly of inhabitants . The water , he says , at San Francisco and Sacramento city is very bad ; it is taken about in ' cart ' s , and sold at one rial ( 125 cents ) per bucketful ; it causes tho _diarrhcb-i ) as ho supposes , on _^ account of its mineral , qualities . lie ' expresses an opinion , " that , inf the course Of afew years , all the gold regions in California will bo bought from the United States government by large capitalists , works will be erected for washing tho gold

      wholesale , arid men employed at high' wages ; and that this country will flourish so long as the gold lasts ; and it seerns to bo inexhaustible , for I havo never yet washed a panful of dirt in . these mountains without finding _somospecks of gold . Sickness , also , is a great drawback . I would not advise any one to leave £ 100 in England , with all the comfort and ease of a good house , for California , If oven they were to make o _. OOO _. dollars here . ' No one likes this country ; all come iwith tho intention , of making money and _gning homo again ; very few intend to settle , for it will never be " an agricultural country , except on tho banks of tho principal rivers . The style of dress is pretty much the same all over the country ; red flannel shirts , belt with knife and

      pistols , and . mining boots pulled over ; the _trowsors , and a straw hat with a -wide rim . San' Francisco city is about one mile and a half broad andtwo miles long . It is most _crowdedat tho waters edge . Piles are driven into tho beach , and any quantity bf houses built on them . Several ships are run : ashorej their masts , & o ., cut away , and two or throe stories built above the deck ; a first-rate house is made out of a ship . Hundreds of fine ships are lying at anchor , entirely deserted ; some sink at thoir anchors for wa nt of pumping . Sam Francisco is very unhealthy , onaccount , L suppose , of the cd ! d north . westersi-th . it blow . every afternoon . Sacramento city is a most unhealthy place , because itis built on a plain below , the _; level of the rivor ; the

      stench from the _offai _, dead bullocks ; & c , lying in the streets , is sickening . There are some hundreds of Indiana camped all round us in the woods ; several come through the . towns overy day . They area miserable set of follows , and all carry abow . and arrows . Their dress is nn-old -shirt , tied with a string or belt round tho waste . Thoy are frightened ofa white man _-witH _' aguu , but they , aro sly assassins when thoy have the clmnce _.,. An Indian seen at most . offthe mines is shot down without-hesitation . It is a difficult matter here to restrain old miners from shooting them as they cope through tho valley . People that die at the mines are buried on the tops . ' of . _thje neighbouring hills , i It is astonishing to sootho number of _grave _^ _on'Some hills .

      Vmttiw

      vmttiw

      Peace Is Theerenin(?Star0i C Tbei»U?,.8s...

      Peace is theerenin (? star 0 i tbei » u ? ,. 8 S virtue is its sun ; and . tbe two are never . / ar apart .. Virtue forgives injury , even as the sandal tree perfumes the hatchet that fells it . —TndianMasim . It ' is merit , and . not'title ; says a writer , which gives importance . It is usefulness , and _Rofcgrandeur , whicli makes the world happy .- * The First . Chinese .. NEwsPAPEn . •—A newspaper is now printed in- China , called the Pskm Monitor .: It is in the Chinese language , andis tbe first paper ever published iri the celestial empire . An honest Dutch farmer thus writes to * the chairman . of the Massachusetts Agricultural Society ; — " Gentlemen , —Please to put me down on yonr list of cattle for a bull . " - i

      The Baptists have in the Island of Jamaica thirt } -nve thousand chureh members ; the Methodists twenty-four thousand . The number of children in schools is estimated at forty thousand . An Exchange paper says : — " When you see a gentleman at midnight ; sitting fri the step in front of his house , combing his hair with the door' scraper , you may conclude he has been out at an evening party . " , , : A : lawyer got into a war of words with another member of the bar , and knocking him down , remarked , " I'll make you behave like a gentleman , yon scoundrel ! " " No , you won't '" cried the other , spitefully—" no , never ! I defy you ! You can't doit ! " ¦ .. . . The Hobart Town Britannia , ofthe 14 th of March , says , ' We regret exceedingly to learn from an authentic source that Mr . O'Brien is / suffering severely , both mentally and personally , from his banishment to Maria Island . "

      A CnABM fob Warts . —In some parts of Ireland , especially towards the south , they place great faith - in the following charm : —When a funeral is passing by , they rub the warts and say three times , "May these warts and this corpse pass away and never more return ; " sometimes adding ,- "in the name of the Father , Son , and Holy Ghost . —Notes and Queries . ¦¦¦ Strange Superstition . —One of the villagers of Warwick , in this country , died lately , and it was proposed to inter his remains in the neighbouring churchyard . An elderly matron , a relation of deceased , objected to * this , and insisted that he shf . uld be buried in the churchyard of his native parish . On being interrogated as to the reason ot this objection , she replied , that none of his relatives or _acquainances , were buried in Warwick churchyard _^ and if his remains were deposited there , there would be " nae kent faces at the resurrection

      ?"—Carlisle Journal . Bragging . — " I understand , Mr . Jones , that you can turn anything neater than any man in this town . "— " Yes , Mr .: Smilh , I said so . "— " Well , Mr . Jones , I don ' t like to brag , but there is no man on earth that can turn a thing as well as I can whittle it . "— " Poh ! nonsense , Mr . Smith , talk about your whittling ; what can you whittle as well as . I can turn it ? " _"Anythinir , everything , Mr . Jones : Just name the article that I can ' t whittle , that you can turn , and I will give you a dollar if I don ' t do it to the satisfaction of all these gentlemen present . " —" Well , Mr . Smith , suppose we take two grindstones , just for trial ; vou may whittle , and I will turn . "—Mr . Smith slid . '

      A hook on Europe , " as seen by a Candyman , " has just been published in America by one Mr . Jervis , the son or husband of the celebrated ' . " candy " manufacturer . Describing what be saw in Kensington-gardens , his remarks , "On the intensely green and velvety English grass , yon see the squarebuilt _exerciscd-chest-developed-unsociable- prejudiced-good-lcoking-substantial-slow-and-sure-untastefulno-humbug - French -hating - comfort - loving-Times reading Englishman , walking through an avenue of English oaks and . elm trees , ' which his greatgrandfather has possibly made love under many years ago . " _.-....- .

      Fertiliti- of Ekoland . —Some papers write as if our soil were exhausted or inadequate to the _s-upport of the population . Various estimates have been made of its capabilities . Bishop Watson , who made the lowest , said it was capable of .- supporting 30 . 000 000 , tho Earl of Lauderdale 180 , 000 . 000 , and Mr . Alison , the eminent writer , estimated it at 120 , 000 , 000 . Fleming , in his statistics , calculated the waste but cultivated lands at nearly 15 y 000 , 000 of acres . If only 075 , 000 of these acres were , when cultivated , capable of yieldimr thirty bushels an acre , they would give a total of _lS _. _'iSS _. _ioO quarters , or a sufficient quantity of bread to sustain one-third ofthe whole of our population .

      Marriage in China . —There are no Chinese customs so little understood as their marriages ; thus we often hear of . the number of a Chinaman ' s wives , while , in reality , he has but one wife , the remainder being handmaids or companions ; among the mandarins and wealthy classes , a wife is always chosen from their own sphere of life , the marriage ceremony is celebrated-with solemn rites , and she takes her husband ' s name . The marriage tie can only be dissolved by the husband , for one _oifseven causes , amongst which may be _mentionetl disobedience to himself or parents , talkativeness , thieving , ill-temper , and inveterate infirmities ; althou . i _* b the wife should be found guilty of any or all of these offences , yet she .. . cannot be divorced if she has mourned for her husband ' s parents , if property has been acquired since their marriage , or . if her parents ; _tre dead . - - China and the Chinese by _Hemy Charles Sirr . * .. '< ...

      A Village Solomon . — A few days ago some of the inhabitants comyhiined to the mayor of Maliconic , near Commentry , department of the Nievre , that i heir geese had been stolen by a dealer ; : but as he had mixed them with a nock of his own , it was impossible to recognise them . Thereupon tiie mayor , a shrewd peasant , solemnly ordered all the geese to be place in curls , some little distance from the _villaffe . The villagers wondered greatly , what this could mean , and ventured to mutter suspicion of the mayor ' s . wisdom and probity , but the functionary

      _tookino notice of these remarks and stalked solemnly eff-with the carta Arrived at the spot he had indicated , hecricd to the drivers to " Stop ! " and then , with great dignity , added , " Now let-loose the geese ; those that have been stolen will make their way back to their masters' farm yards , those that belong to the ' dealer will remain . " This was done , nnd lo 1 as the village Solomon 'bad-said , the stolen goose waddled gravely homewards , to the astonishment of the villagers . The dishonest . 'dealer was . arrested . — Qaliqnani . ' . ;

      ' A _' _Piuson Sketch . —During the first six weeks the sound of the felons' chain *? , mixed with what 1 took for horrid _execrations or despairing laughter , was never out of my ears . When I went into the infirmary , which stood between thegaoland pris-n walls , _g-illowscs were occasionally put in order by the side of my windows , and afterwards set up over the prison eates , whero they remain'd visible . Thekoeperone day , with an ah * of mystery , took me into the upper ward , for the purpose , he said , of gratifying me with a view ofthe country from the roof . _Something prevented his showing roe this , but the spectacle-he did show me I shall never forget . It was a stout country girl , sitting in an _absorbed manner , her eyes fixed on the fire . She was handsome , and had a little hectic

      spot in eithercheek , the tffect of sonie gnawing emotion _, lie told me ina whisper , that she was there for the murder of her bastard child . -I could have knocked the fellow down * for his unfeelingness in making a show ofher ; but , after all , she did not see us . She heeded ns riot There was no object before her , but what ' produced the spot on her . cheik .. The gallows on which she ivas . ex cuted must have been brought out within her hearing ; - but , perhaps , she heard that as-little . To relieve the reader'sfeeling _* * , I will here give him ahothnrinsta _^ ce of the f delicacy of my friend the under gaoler . . _ He used always to carry up the food to this poor . girl himself , . because , as he said , he did not think it a . fit task ' -for 1 younger tnen _.-rr-Leigh Hunt ' s _Autobiographti . a '

      ' A Fkastcf Snails . —The chemical philosophers , Dr . Black and Dr . Hutton , were particular . friends , though there was something extremely opposite in the external appearance and manner . Dr . - Black spoke with the English prononnciiUion _, with punctilious accuracy of _expression , both iupoint of matter and manner . The geologist-was the , very reverse of this . His . conversation was conducted in broad phrases , expressed witli a broad scotch accent , which oftenbeightcned the humour of what he'said . It chanced that the two doctors had held some discourse together upon the folly of abstaining from feeding on the testaceous creatures " of the land , while those of the sea- were considered as delicacies . _Whbiufore ; not eat snails ? They are well known to be nutritious

      and wholesome , even . sanative in some cases . The epicures * of i olden ; times enumerated among their richest and raciest delicacies 'the snails which were fed in the marble quarries of Lucca . The Italians _ati'I hold them in _es ' eem . In short . it was determined that a grastrononvc experiment should be made atthe expensoof . the snails : -The snails were procured , dieted for a lime , and stewed for the benefit of the two philosophers , who- had either invited no guest to their banquet , or found none , viho , relished , in prospect , the piece dcrcsistance . c A . huge . dish of snails was placed before ihem ; but , _-phili sophers- are but ineii af er all ; and the stomachs of both the doc * tors began to revolt against _tly proposed experiment Nevertheless , if they looked with disgust on . the

      snail ** , they ; retained tu ' elv awefov each other * , so that each , containing the symptoms of internal revolt peculiar to himself-, began , with , infinite exertion , to swallow in very small'quantities , tho mess which he internally loathed . Dri Black , at length , " showed 'h e white feather , " but in . a very delicate manner , as if to sound , the opinion dFlu ' s messmate . " Doctor , " he said , ' in . his precise andf quiet manner ,: _'VDoetor , _dojoftptthink they , taste a little , a very * little , green ? " "D—d green , d—d green , indeed ; tak them awa _. tak them awa , " vociferated Dr . Hutton , starting up from the table , and giving full vent to his feelings of abhorrence . And ; so ended all hopes of introducing , snails intothe modern cuisine , and _thiis philosophy , can no more cure / a nausea than honour can set a broken limb . ' ' "• - '

      Os Physical ¦ Disqualipicatitins. U13nbrativb Incapacity , Andjmi'jswmjents Tomak1uage. Thirt Y-Fivst Edition, Illustrated Witli.Twenty-Six Anatomi. G Al Engravings. On' Steel,'Enlarged To 19l&Gt; Pages, Prica F*- Co J.By Post, Direct From Tho Establishment, 3s. 6d. In Postage Stamps..

      OS PHYSICAL ¦ _DISQUALIPICATItiNS . U 13 NBRATIVB INCAPACITY , _ANDJMI'JSWMJENTS TOMAK 1 UAGE . Thirt y-fivSt edition , illustrated witli . Twenty-Six Anatomi . g al Engravings . on' Steel , ' enlarged to _19 l > pages , prica f * - Co J . by post , direct from tho Establishment , 3 s . 6 d . in postage stamps ..

      Ad00318

      THE ; SI LENT FRIEND ; J- a . medical , work on the exhaustion and physical decay of me * J * _tom , prpducedby excessive indalgence , tho _conse «] ue" *» e * 7 ofinfectfpp , _« rttieal ) uaeof mercury , with _obsar _** _vationrj on the _marrried state , and the disqualification !" wliich prevent it j illustrated , by twenty-six-coloured en . _gravings > and by the detail . pf . cases . By R . and L . PERRY and Co ., 19 , Berners-street ,, Oxford-street , London . Published fcy the authors , and sold by Strange 21 Pater _, noster-row : _Hannay , 68 , and g anger ,, 150 , Ojctord-street , 9 _tarie , 23 , _Tichborne-street , Haymarket ; and _Gordon , 116 , Leadenh ' _all-street , London . ; J . and It . Raimes and Co ., _Lsithwalli , _Edinborgh ; D . Campbell , Areyll-street , Glasgaw ; J . ' Priestly ,, Lord-street , andT . Newton , Church * street , Liverpool ; B ; , Ingram ,-. Market-place , Manchester , Part the First

      Ad00319

      Brother Chartists . ' Beware of " Wolves in Sheep ' s Clothing . ' . ' " ' Sufferers are earnestly cautioned against dangerous imitations of these Pills by youthful , self-styled doctors , who have recourse fo various ' schemes to get money ; suehfor instance as professing to ' _cure'complaiuts for 10 s . only advertisng in the name ofa female , and pretending to g ive the character of persons irom their writing , and v > hat is equally absurd , promising to produce hair , _whiskers , & c ., in a few weeks _; but . worst of all , ( as it is playing with _, the _afliictions of theiv fallows ) , _dimug ' . to infringe , the proprietors' right by making truthless assertions , and advertising a spurious compound under another , the use' which will assuredly bring annoyance ami disappointment .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 14, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_14091850/page/3/