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Northern Star (1837-1852), 19th July 1845, Edition 3 of 4, Page 6, tion. They had also established about th...

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      J ' Had Also Established About Three Or ...

      THE _NORTilERN STAR JuLY 10 ' _*•* ¦ _¦" ¦ -- - _,,. _. . - , |

      Fibprtniitart Ati» ^Rticulturf

      fibprtniitart ati » _^ _rticulturf

      Field-Garden Operations. Ibr Tf,( Wrtkco...

      _FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS . Ibr tf , ( Wrtkcoxnmmcing _Jimbiy , Jtily 24 th , 1843 . I Extrsc . < ¦'¦ from a Dusrcf Actual Operations on five imalifan « _s''a _thcestatus of tbe late Mrs . D . Gilbert , near _Eattl-onrne _, in Sussex ; and on several model _fiu-ius en the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at _Slaiih w-y _* _* * _-, in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of Farnley Tyas , near Huddersfield , in order to guide other phss .-sJk . ts of field garden ! -, by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on theu * own lands . The farms selected as models arc—First . Two se .-i . i-3 -anns at Willingdon aud Eastdean , of

      fire a " - * - < . - _« _es » _--3 i , eonductcA by li . Cruttendea and J elm Barri-. Swond . Two private farms , live or six acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , thc other by John Bimibrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jeviugi « u- _^ H of them within a few miles of Eastbourne _'J'i-ird . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaiic . Fisunli . _Sevendprivatemodelfarmsnetirthe same place , 'flieconsecutiveoperations in these reports will _eni-b ! c ihe curious reader to compare thc climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of Enghaid . Tbe Dust is aided by "Notes and _Obscrfatioiis " from the pen of Air . Nowell , calculated for Ihe time aud season , which we subjoin .

      ¦ "Tie :- _jojs of these little ones shall be continually in the honed for success ot _tluar labours-, their thoughts shall be _ttinitd away from what is evil to that which is food . ' " Bote . —The scliool farms are cultivated by leys , u ) h in « t « _r « for three hours' teaching in ihe morning , give fierce , hours of their labour in tiie afternoon for the master ' s benefit , whicli renders the schools _selfsci-ruKTJKG . He believe that at iomij * Tyas sixaiiittfu of die produce of the school farm will be aifhtfd to the boys , and _ons-ssventli tothe master , who voiUnccive the usual " school fees , help the boys to _adtii'itc _tiitir land , - and teach tliem , in addition to reading , _H-riting , & c , to convert their produce into baton , by attending to pig-keeping , which at Christmas xxi'iy If divided , _aftsr paying rent and levy , amongst that in proportion to their services , and _beimJe thus indirectly to reach _theirparmts in a way tke _¦«<>« gf . a * ftd to their feelings . !

      _strssBX . _Movixav—Willing don School . Sixteen boys digging aud applying liquid manure for white turnips , af ter spring tare- ; . JVper . Doing the same . Dumbrell . Sowing turnips and hoeing potatoes . Tdesi / _at— - Willingdon School . JBoys employed the same as yesterday . ___ Piper . The same as yesterday . Humbreti . fleeing turnips and potatoes . _Wedsesi'av—WiUingdon School . Boys employed as on Monday . Jiper . Hoeing _turnii-a , and mending the lucerne with liquid manure . * BumbrtU . _ilOCing cunii' _* s , thinning mangel wurzcl , and mixing dung an *! mould .

      _Thoksiiav—Willingdon Smool . Boys employed as on M < is-Jay . Piper . Uoeing his thirty rods of swedes , sown about the middle of May . Dumbrell . ilociug turnips and digging np tare ground . Fbidat— Willingdon Scliool : Boys dressing the ground , and sowing white turnips . Piper . Digging where the _ua-lerji-ound-onioas came off , and sowing white Nvrfofk turnip seed . Immbrtll . Hoeing turnips and carrots , digging up tare ground and sowing turnip seed . Sircwuv- — Willingdon School . Boys earthing _uppotau-es after rye . ilper . Digging Ibe ground where tbe turnip need was raised , and mending a rod of lucerne . RumbreU . Thinning and hoeing carrots .

      COW-FEEDING . Boring tbis week one of HumbreWs cows grazed during the day and was fed in the stall at morn and even with 4 ( _iffis . of Italian-rye-grass ; bis other cow aad heifer , altogether stall-fed , with _137 & S . of tares , and Silts , of ltalion-rye-grass . Piper has fed his cows with tares and lucerne , cut , as it always ought to be , a day before it is given to

      Electricity On Vegetation. [A Rvstic Har...

      ELECTRICITY ON VEGETATION . [ A Rvstic Harangue to a company of Manufacturing _ARfUwnt Tenants , dining in the Old Baronial HaU _fftliclr Oxwttord !\ m , —The times in which we live are truly wonderful , and pregnant with great events . We already send our thoughts with tbe speed of the whirlwind through galvanic wires ; and by means of galvanic wires , wc are , it appears , about to increase the powers of vegetation . A drop of water cannot evaporate without a disturbance of electricity ; and when it has gone into the air , we have , since tlte time of I _' miiklin , occasionally fetched it down again by thc electrical bite ; but now , it appears , we are going io bang wires on high to catch the errant electricity of the air , aud bring it silently to tbe earth ,

      setting it to work to promote the growth of our corn . For several years past various experiments have been in progress on tliis curious subject ; and the application of tbe galvanic battery has been for some time made subservient to the growth of garden vege tables , by having a galvanic chain inaction excited by acids iu the usual manner . Four years ago 1 - was invited io witness tbe results of an experiment made at his residence in Shropshire , by a philosophical gentleman of that county , but I _wt _& _viual bb-* to avail _myself of it . lie had a galvanic battery in full activity in bis garden , and on a smaU scale was producing most luxuriant crops of garden vegetables , cucumbers , cresses , mustard , salad , herbs , and even eora . When we consider that electricity bas an

      undoubted influence on vegetation , we shall cease to be anrprLsed at tbe results above mentioned : for the dectric-ii , the galvanic , and tbe magnetic fluids are mere _inoditications of one another , and usder _certoin circumstances , mutuall y convertible and adapted to the 5-aine purposes . In P _' raoce , the electricity ol tbe atiiii _' _.--ptiere has been withdrawn _artifiei-illy in aome localities by tbe erection of electrical rods or _eoadiietoi- * upon flie mountains . By ibis means tbe electrical duid _pass-w silently to the earth . Thus they avert witli success , sudden discbarges of it ; and storms of bail aud rain , which formerly destroyed file whole crops in vineyards , and in the fields in tbe southern provinces of that country , are greatly pre-Tented . _Perhaps we may see the day when storms

      of flail , thunder , and lightning will be almost unknown ; and when even rain is brought down , sot in lieav-y drops , hut in the form of dew or mist , or _l-ase , t « i-mcr the earth gradually and unnoted , but still in » manner not tbe less efficacious . These are matters , however , of mere philosophical speculation _Jnwni-e . p . _eji-jeofthercsearehra _^ Barlow , and others , it is now proved tbat there is a amsta h current of free electrical fluid in motion round the earth from east to west ; and it bas been fouud applicable to the electrisation of portions of the earth imder particular management , which I shall _endea-Toorto explain without attempting to explain the philosophical theory of it now . It seems that tbe excitement of galvanic or electrical action bv

      artificial means is not necessary , as we barea continual store of it circulating in the circumambient air , pro-Tided we bang up wires to catch it . At tbe last meeting of the Wast _"Riding Polytechnic Society , a _conmiuiijuition was read describing an experinient made last year by Dr . Forstcr , of Findrassie llouse , Bear Eight , and stating that be bad threshed , weighed , and measured bis electro-cultured chevalier barfey , and the produce ofthe portion of tbe field enltivated by electricity was 104 bushels , 5 ± llbs . to the bushel , or 13 quarters per acre . The tail corn was not measured . The weight of the straw was _S _^ ooibs . per acre . The produce of the reniaming -portion « f the field was the usual quantity of 5 to 6 quartets to the acre . Even if we allow a very

      bandacme discount from tbis statement , there can be no excuse for our not trying fhe experiment on a small _aesde , as it is not an expensive one . I wished myself , to avoid tbe sneers of * " * wise people , " and did not vcuture upon making it tbis year ; but a friend of mine ,-Mr . Joseph Thornton , bas boldly put up bis electric rods at Paddock , near _liu-idersfield _, whieh -yottinaysce , and make yourselves acquainted with theresuite . The following account of tke -result of an experiment on a small scale is taken from tbe _Economist of April 26 tli : — " Two small parcels of mustard seed were sown : to one electricity was applied : tne other was left to its usual course . Tbe result was , tbat while the former grew 31 inches tbe

      latter grew only 1 inch . " Jlr . Solly and Mr . Sidnev Lave lately made interesting experiments at the garden of the Royal Horticultural Society in London ; audit has been found tbat potatoes , ' mustard and eress , cinerarias , fuchsias , and otter plants bave their development , and in some instances , their _pvoductivcue- _'s increased by being made to grow between a _cojipcr and a _unc plate connected by a conducting wire , while , on the other hand , geraniums and balsaais are destroyed by the same influence . Tbe question as to agriculture may be decided when more experiments are tried , and the philosophy of tbe cxperiments fully determined . ELECTRICAL _iBR 4 * fOEMB . VT . A G B +- k -j _'* _*' "forth . E re 1 f __ _p Sonth , 1 \ A field is divided into oblong squares , 70 vards long and 40 yards wide , and therefore containing just one acre each . At each of the points A , B , G , and D , pegs are driven into tbe ground leaning outwards : around these four pegs a square of wir e passes iu one _conbnned hue , _ondU buried 3 writes below tk surface ivil _^^ h r _^ r E an , ! F , oles 15 ' f «* _S _^ c hr _? _- [ - _l he _&*»*¦ At the point E a wire js lonnected with tbe cross _wiie buried be-

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      neatb the ground : it is then carried up the pole , and passed through abole at "' the top , and then forwards , _banking over tbe ground to the other pole , 76 yards distance , through a hole at its top down the pole , and connected with the cross wire beneath . The wire between the poles must hang loosely , so that by changes in the weather any variation in its length may not cause it to break . This wire must hang in a line due north and south , by which means tbe current of electricity , which is continually passing from cast to west , will be arrested , and carried down the poles to the wire forming the square , and the space included will thus be in a different electrical condition . The line H G must be placed as well as the ends A , C B . Ddue west . To deteraiine the place ofthe

      , poles to the northward fix npon a point E . Place down the pole , and when the sun is on the meridian ( twelve o clock at noon by the sun dial ) , let an attendant hold the other pole towards the south , varying his position , till you find , by looking from the lirst , that the other is in an exact line with tbe sun . When the position h found mark the place , and fix the pole there ; afterwards comp lete tbe square and tbe other arrangements . In this respect I am sorry to say tbat Mr . Thornton ' s arrangement is imperfect , his line being 10 or 15 degrees in error , wliich will , I fear , diminish the effect - ¦ . Itis fouud that immediately above the buried wire tbe effect is much greater than in the intermediate

      parts of the square , and thatthe crops grow there with great luxuriance . Kit is hereafter found that by thus acting the part of Prometheus , and stealing fire from above , the inhabitants of tbe mountains suffer from want of rain , why , then , science must be called to our aid , and we must make electricity artificially . It has been ingeniously prooosed that for this purpose it wUl only be necessary to bury a bag of charcoal in the ground at the point G , and plates of zinc at tbe point H , and connect the two by a wire passing over two poles similar to those at E and F , and crossing the square in a direction east and west , by which moans we should let alone the atmospheric electricity , and dispense with its assistance .

      When we consider these things , and witness the astonishing progress of discovery , we cannot fail to be struck with thc fact , that at the time a manure wherein great power ii contained in small compass , is becoming exhausted , our attention is directed to the conversion of things that have been greatly neglected into purposes of utility , and our domestic manures are likely to be properly husbanded ; and science just at the ri g ht time , too , gives us the means of making subservient to our wants a mighty power , the electricity of the atmosphere , so that we are likely to receive a full compensation for the exhaustion of Ichaboe and tbe rocks of Peru of their stores ofguano .

      Agricultural Chemistry. ( Continued From...

      AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY . ( Continued from our last . ) CARBONIC ACID . 57 . Wc have learnt , that by simpl y breathing through a portion of lime water , a white cloud is formed , consisting of carbonate of lime ( par . 50 ) . Au experiment still more instructive , is the passing of a continued stream of carbonic acid gas throu <* h . lime water a little diluted . The first bubbles of the gas cause some carbonate of lime to manifest itself in the form ofa white cloud ; this becomes more and more opaque and milky , until the whole of the carbonate separates , and some ofit begins to subside . Let the stream of carbonic acid gas continue to flow through the liquid , and by slow degrees the cloudiness will jiass away , the water becoming bright and clear as before . It possesses no longer the properties of limewafer , but consists now of water holding carbonate of

      lime in solution , by means of carbonic acid ( par . 30 ) . This property of carbonic acid— -its enabling water to act upon some salts of lime , and other matters insoluble in pure water—is one deserving the agriculturist ' s profound attention , and will be adverted to hereafter . 58 . The attraction of quicklime , hydrate of lime , 6 k ., for carbonic acid , being so powerful , the tendency of lime to pass rapidly into the state of carbonate or mere chalk being so strong , it is natural to inquire , what is tiie use of burning hme at all for the purposes of agriculture * Carbonicacid being so eminently subservient to the feeding of plants , why need we expel it by fire from its domicile in the limestone ? To these interesting questions , we can only obtain

      satisfactory replies by a continued inquiry into the properties of caustic lime , i . e . lime which , though slaked ( 48 ) , still retains its avidity for carbonic acid . 59 . Thc direct influence of caustic lime upon organic matters , does not seem to be ascertained with precision . Lime is generally considered to be of itself a powerful agent in promoting the decomposition of dead animal and vegetable matter ; on the other hand , some experiments of Dr . John Davy are adverse to the received opinion . But the process of decomposition itself must be investigated before wc can safely draw a general conclusion ; and then it will appear probable , that caustic lime does not produce so much effect upon organic matter by any action of its own as by promoting the agency of potash , soda , and

      ammonia . 60 . The manufacturer of soap mixes together caustic lime and barilla . The principal ingredient of barilla is carbonate of soda . When water is added in sufficient quantity to a mixture of barilla and quicklime , the latter takes carbonic acid from the carbonate of soda contained in the former , and becomes carbonate of lime , and the soda , in turn , losing its carbonic acid , becomes caustic soda or soap-ley . If _pcarlash or potash be thus mixed with caustic lime and enough of water , caustic potash is the result .

      The carbonate of lime subsides , and the water dissolves a ley of potash . With a carbonic of ammonia , caustic ammonia is produced in like manner . Caustic soda , caustic potash , caustic ammonia , act with far p eater energy upon organic matters than the carbonate of soda , of potash , or ammonia , can do . These caustic alkalies are more easily soluble in water than their carbonates ; they also enable water to dissolve manysubstances , andtodecompose many others , whicli would not be influenced so much , if at all , by water itself , or by water only holding mild alkali , i . e . a carbonate in solution .

      61 . Caustic lime abstracts not merely the carbonic acid from ammonia but separates that alkali from its combination with other acids , as will appear hereafter . Caustic ammonia , thus separated , by lime , being extremely volatile , Sir U . Davy showed that an addition of lmie to animal matters in a state oi decomposition , must have the effect of driving away tlieir most valuable ingredient . 62 . Lime , in its caustic state , contributes powerfully to render some salts of iron favourable to vegetation , that would otherwise be injurious .

      ( 13 . It is important , therefore , to form a _lear idea ofthe distinction between the effects of lime hi the caustic state and in the state of carbonate . Its use in thc former state would seem to be exclusively applicable to soils containing an excess of unprofitable and insolublcvegetablematter , as peat _' moss , the earth of old fences , & e . In the state of carbonate , lime forms an essential ingredient of every good soil ; indeed it is considered by some to be a sortof connecting link in the chain uniting the Organic With tllC _iuoi-ganie kingdom , and it is ultimately iu the state of carbonate , finely pulverised , that by much the most considerable portion of all the lime that is burnt for agricultural purposes becomes available to the use of the farmer . We have seen the effect of carbonic

      acid upon finely divided carbonate of lime ( _57 ) . The same effect is finally , though very slowly , produced by the _agenc-y of the weather upon the hardest marbles and limestone rocks . "Whoever examines the marble statues inithe British Museum , which have been removed from the Parthenon , will be convinced that they have suffered from this agency : and an effect distinct in thc pure atmosphere and temperate climate of Athens , must be upon a higher scale in the vicinity of other great European cities , where the consumption of fuel produces carbonic acid in great quantities . "—( Davy . ) Marble monuments , -erected in our churchyards , manifest signs of the influence of the skies upon them in the course of yeare . Slow as such influence appears to be , it is constant ' ;

      and this may tend to explain why limestone gravel basin some instances been considered a beneficial application to peaty soils . Chalk , however , in many districts and in some districts marl , containing carbonate of lime in a state of finer division , are still more generally and more beneficially employed . It is evident , however , that the calcareous portion of marl must constantly diminish in quantity , and it may consequently happen , that where the other ingredients of a marly clay are of indifferent quality , the land may be left in a few years less fertile than it was before the marl was first applied , and every renewed application of marl must tend finall y todeleriorate the soil . In these cases the application of lime itself is obviously requisite .

      64 . Hydrate of limc , made into a paste with water , constitutes the substance generally known and employed as mortar . If lime be allowed to pass into the state of mortar on the field , it continues to retain its caustic state in some degree for a considerable time . It is about three months before slaked lime regains more than fourth-fifths , of its carbonic acid . This may seem at variance withagome facts stated before ( 55 , 56 ); but the truth is , _| hat when air and Moisture obtain access to lime , it _rapjidlv passes into the state of carbonate ; if cither _bfthese _^ be excluded , it retains its caustic state for a longer orshorterperiod , according to circumstances . _t * - ' » 65 . With regard to tbeburaing of lime , a process so essential to the prosperity of agriculture , it is desirable thatthe best method should be pursued , and in district

      _cvesy experience teaches the most economical application of the material employed . It is often stated that the steam of water , passed through a bme-bdn , conduces powerfullv to the success of the process . By beating carbonate of lime to redness , it is resolved into lime and carbonic acid ; but if the carbonie aeid _^ be not removed , the decomposition would immediately cease , and the carbonate of lime might be melted witliout being decomposed . Thc removal of the carbonic acid is accomplished , in burning Hme on the large scale , by the limestone being heated in a kiln through whicli there is a continuous draught , by which thc carbonic acid is carried off as it is formed . The necessity of removing the carbonic acid may be shown by placing bits of white marble iu a porcelain tube , heated to redness in a furnace ,

      connected with a pneumatic trough , and fitted to a retort at the other end , by which steam may be _passeu into the tube ; at first scarcely any carbonic acid is set free , but by keeping up ft _supply-of steam the gas is rapidly produced , and the lime becomes very soon 36 . Carbonic acid consists of carbon , one equivalent , united to two equivalents of oxygen , or sixteen : therefore the equivalent of carbonic acid is twenty-6 "f . Perhaps this is the best place for introducing afew words on magnesian limestone . This is distinguished from common limestone by dissolving stated 53 When

      more slowly in acids , as before () . burnt to lime , it absorbs carbonic acid gas from the air more slowly than commou lime , and this is one reason why magnesian limestone , when burn t or calcined , has been supposed prejudicial to vegetation . But neither the fact nor the explanation seems very conclusively established . For magnesia , burnt to lime , is merelv calcined magnesia—a bland , tasteless , insoluble powder , very unlikely to injure vegetation . Magnesia is much more soluble than hine in excess of carbonic acid ; whether in this state it is capable of acting in one way or another , does not seem to be generally known . ( Tobe continued ) .

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      Rouen, France. The Cnaimsi Lano Plas In ...

      ROUEN , FRANCE . The _CnAimsi Lano Plas in France . —A meeting was held on Friday , July the 4 th , 18-15 , at the house of Mr . John Sidaway , Nailors * Arms Inn , for the purpose of forming a branch ofthe Chartist Co-operative Land Societv . Six members paid up their shaves in full , viz ., £ 15 14 s . The address of the directors was read , and gave general satisfaction _. also the many cheering accounts of meetings held in England . The secretary , Mr . John Sidaway , was instructed to send off the money to the general treasurer , and to write forthe laws of the society . The Land question was discussed , and after a lengthy and pleasant meeting the members separated , each determined to do everything in bis power , to destroy that system which has driven honest and industrious artizans to seek that subsistence abroad which lias been denied them at home . We say to all other exiles on the Continent ,

      go and do likewise . The meeting also were of opinion that if an agent were appointed for France , and his appointment duly announced in the Northern Star , that a goodly number would be enrolled as members , there being many English workmen employed in France who would gladly embrace the present opportunity of returning once more to the place of their birth if they could be made aware of the advantages arising from the Chartist Co-operative Land Society . [ The directors ofthe Chartist Co-operative Land Society have appointed Mr . John Sidaway , ofthe Nailors' Arms Inn , Rouen , as agent for France , who is duly supplied with rules , cards of membership , and other requisites for enrolling members . Mr . Thomas Blyth , ot 30 Rue du , Moulin a Vapeur , Capecure , Boulogne Sur Mer , is also appointed agent for Boulogne and district , aud is also duly appointed to enroll membera . Byotxler , T . M . Wheeler , Secretary . !

      ABERDEEN . Co-operative Soiree . —A soiree of the members ofthe "Association of producers and friends of Cooperation" was held in the Temperance Hall , 205 , George ' s-street , on the evening of Friday , July 4 th , for the purpose of celebrating the anniversary of the establishment of that Association ; Mr . John Fraser , president , in the chair , supported by the board of directors , * thc number of producers present were upwards of three hundred , besides several staunch friends of the >* orking classes and their cause . After thegood things were disposed of , and the tables cleared , the chairman opened the business of the meeting in a neat and effective speech , showing from Parliamentary reports the _sreat value of the annual

      productions ot the producing millions , and the small share of that produce wliich came to the working man , and concluded by introducing Mr . JamesDeack to the meeting , who in a speech of some length showed the value of co-operation and its capabilities , and sat down amidst the applause of the meeting . After an air from the orchestra , Mr . Patrick Ironside , the respected salesman of the association , gave a song in fine taste and feeling . Mr . It . M'lntosh was then introduced , and entered at some length on the objects ofthe present meeting , ' _showing that it was for the purpose , first , to increase the social and friendly feeling among working men and women , and to benefit each other by the mutual interchange of thought . There had been a great many schemes proposed for

      the benefit of the working classes , and the one that they had met in support of was one of the number . Co-operation , if carried out , and properly conducted , is one ofthe greatest meaus that can be used for the bettering of the people ' s condition . Impressed with tbis , they had opened a shop for tbe sale of food and clothing , to members and others , the profits to lay and accumulate , until they were enabled to cany out the principle to the fullest extent . Tliey had not begun to sell any kind of drink , as they believed that drinking habits were incompatible with the wellbeing of society . After Mr . M'lntosk ' s speech , Mr . James Robertson gave an excellent song amidst much applause . Air . B . Robertson then came ' forward and addressed thc meeting in nearly the following

      terms . After congratulating the meeting on their happy appearance , hc proceeded to lay before the meeting the objects of the association . lie said the association was formed for the purpose of giving employment to all its members , and securing to themselves the full measure of the benefits arising from their own industry ; and'that they should at the same time have all the profits arising from all articles of consumption used by themselves , and all others who wished to deal with them . lie called on those to come fonvard who had not yet joined thc association , as it would not cost tliem anything . Tlicy had only to purchase what they consumed , which could and would be supplied to them as good , and in many cases better , and cheaper , than could be got anywhere

      else . When the prolits amounted to the sum ot five shillings , or when made up to that amount , they would be entitled tt all thc privileges of membership , and have a right to all the benefits arising froni thc association , Mr . Robertson then went on to state many of the difficulties they had , as an association , to contend with , arising from a want of experience , thc want of public opinion , thc want of money , the want of credit , and the want of similar associations throughout Scotland and England . After having gone over this part of the subject at great length , he then entered into the prospects of the association for the . future , and showed that the prospects of the association were excellent . Tbe number of members had increased _;; as the members increased so did the

      money , and as both increased so did trade . In fact , the association is now in such a prosperous state , that a sub-committee had been appointed to make inquiry , and report on the best possible way of extendiBg the trade of the association to other branches of industry , in order that employment might be given to mora of tlio members . In conclusion , he remarked that God helps them who help themselves ; and until such time ns the working classes begin to reform themselves , and do their own work , they could never never tliink of succeeding . Let the watchword be " onward , onward . " Mr . M'lntosh then sung a song called "Burk's Address to the Swinish Multitude , " which was much applauded . Thc chairman then called on Mr . Ilenry to speak to the question of " Whether the producers or non-producers

      were best entitled to remuneration ? " whicli Mr . Ilenry handled in his usual eloquent and powerful manner , to the satisfaction of all present , and sat down amidst the cheers of the audience . The chairman then called on Mr . Maitland from thc body of thc haU , a gentleman who is president of the Temperance Society in this town , and who carries on an extensive business , and one who takes a prominent part in every plan for the bettering the condition of the working classes . liis speech extended to some length in praise ofthe co-operative principle . He pronounced a high eulogium on the managers and salesman of the association , and concluded amidst the plaudits of the meeting . The chairman then called .. n Mr , Lowrey to address the meeting , which

      he did in a powerful and argumentative speech . After speaking at great length , on these subjects he sat down amidst the repeated plaudits of the meeting . Mr . Macpherson commenced by saying , that at that advanced hour of tbe evening , and after the many able speeches they had heard , were he to consult his own feelings , he should have abstained from addressing them , aad allowed the remainder ofthe evening to bespentin social enjoyment ; he , however , thought that it was a good thing to blend instruction with amusement , and he was of opinion that they would think nothing worse of tho night ' s enjoyment that it afforded some food for reflection ; he would , therefore , advert for a short time to the princi ple of the association , and show how well it was calculated to

      improve the condition of the working classes . Mr . Macpherson said that the principle of the association was tliat every one be Ids own capitalist , his own merchant , and his own banker ; in fact , that lie have a beneficial interest in everything that affects in any way the value of his labour . In starting this association , he said , they had not endeavoured to create a great sensation and excitement , that might afterwards die away and leave nothing but : disappointment ; they had first laid down a sure and fixed _prineipleasaguideto their future action , and thus , although their beginning was small , and their progress at" first slow , it wa ? at the same time certain .

      All the ground they got they kept ; every step they took was a step in advance , their progress was therefore steady and undeviating . A single glance at the transactions of the association during the twelvemonths of its existence would convince thim , of this . They had commenced with a capital very limited . _* indeed it qould scarcely procure for tliem the most limited supply of the articles they wero to deal in , yet they had turned over in business upwards of £ 1 * 500 ; and although the greater part of the members had never paid away money as a shave , but had merely paid one penny for . a book in which an account of tlieir purchases was kept , the greater , part even ol these were now possessed of shares in the capital , and nad a share iu the management of the associa-

      Tion. They Had Also Established About Th...

      tion . They had also established about three or four months ago a savings bank , and , notwithstanding the short time it had been in operation there hail already been deposited in their bands upwards of one hundred pounds ; and all this out ofthe hardearned ponce of the working classes . This savings bank acted better than the usual deposite forthe working man , as he could just put in his small savings as he found hc could spare them . A sixpence would be received , and no abatement made upon them either for management or fines , for falling back with the usual payments , as was the case in deposit societies . Thus it was well adapted for those who wished to lay by something for rent , or to purchase clothes , or for anv other purpose . It was always making something " , and the association at the same time had the advantage of the use of it . Mr . Macpherson _nrnpiN-dcd to sav that the association would he open

      for the middle classes whenever they chose to avml themse _' vesof it ; this , however , tbey could not do so long as they expected to make a profit from the labour of others , and it was the _original and fundamental principle of the association that every one wasto receive the full advantage of all the benefits flowing from their own labour . When tliese principles were carried fully into effect , then would come the happy period when virtue and happiness would cover the face of the whole earth , as the waters cover the channel of the sea ; when cvory man could sit under his own vine and under his own fig tree , none daring to make him afraid . Mr . Macpherson , who had been listened to with great attention , then sat down amidst loud cheering . ' , . ., After Mr . Macpherson had concluded nis address the younger portion of the audience enjoyed themselves with dancing for several hours , and then dispersed , highly pleased with the entertainments of the

      T _** _' : LONDON . Mr . Wheeler lectured on Sunday evening to a good audience , at the Assembly Rooms , King _' s-cross , on the subject ofthe Land . The chair was occupied by Mr . Arnott . A friendly discussion followed , in which Messrs . Humphries , Tucker , Lowrie , Wheeler , and others took part . " STRATF 0 RD . 0 _N-A . Y 0 N . The _Co-opunATiNE Land SociETYhcld their monthly meeting on Monday , July 7 th , at the Temperance Hall , Great William-street . We have now nearly fifty members . The committee meet every Monday atthe Stratford Arms to enrol names , and explain the objects of the society . The next public meeting will take place the first Monday in August next , at half-past seven o ' clock _precisely .

      OLDHAM . Lectori .. —On Sunday last Mr . W . Dixon delivered a very interesting lecture in the Working Miin ' _u Hall , on ' * Trades Unions , tho Land , and Machinery . " He was listened to with great attention , and his addresses gave general satisfaction . A number of shares in the Land fund were taken . BARNSLEY . The Land . —At a weekly meeting of the Chartist Land Society , it was agreed that as soon as the time could be ascertained that Mr . O'Connor intended to be in Barnsley , preparations should be made for having a public dinner on the occasion of his visit . A working man , named Owen M'Donnell , paid in £ 5 , he liaving previously paid in 4 s . 4 d ., so thathe stands clear for two shares . Three hearty cheers were given for M'Donnell , when the secretary announced to thc meeting the above fact .

      . MANCHESTER . Carpenters' Hah ,. —A lecture was delivered in the above Hall on Sunday evening last , by Mr . James Leacn . At the conclusion of the lecture fourteen members were enrolled in the Co-operative Land Society , and paid tlieir first deposit on their sliares . We have now , in the Carpenters' Hall branch , 113 shares taken up .

      MR . DOYLE'S TOUR . To th * . _Ciunnsxs of England . —Friends , —In despite all the opposition offered , and the obstacles thrdwnin the way , _withaview t » impede the ; p _* rogressfpf the" Chartist Cooperative Land Plan " _-aia _despite ofthe insidious and _-ebwardl xa _^< i _* _WMHBi ajP ' meRe ' nar y 6 conridt _* _els—iri "despite ' _"caauV _' spleO T and Venom thrown at tho prepounder / _'IaMjiijIpi _^ say that that plan has spread thrdugh the" country , more especially the manufacturing counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire , with a rapidity truly astonishing , and at tho same time highly gratifying to every man desirous of seeing his fellow operatives extricated from irksome drudgery , ( railing slavery , physical want , social misery , and mental and moral

      deprivations . Yes , mends , i say again , in despite ot the Carpenters , thc Hills , and suchgcxxtlenien , our society has extended in a few weeks through Albion ' s Isle-Albion ' s Isle did I say ? Why , brother democrats , it has been wafted on the pinions of tho wind to the ( once republican ) soil of France , and we now find it has taken deep root in Rouen and Boulogne . But , my friends , it has not stopped there , for we also find , from Mr . O'Connor ' s letter in the Star of the 12 th inst . to " William Wish-I-may-get-it" ( who , by-thebye , seemed to be very fond of getting what he liad no right to ) , that it has taken wings , crossed the Irish Channel , and reached safe and sound the town of _Drogheda , in Erin ' s isle . I wonder what friend Carpenter whom O'Brien designates " low born , low

      bred , " and " a brother ofthe vile wretches who sack from six to ten guineas a week for bolstering up the Leaguers , and soaping the usurious oppressors of the poor ) wiil say to that ? Ah ! my friends , Mr . O'Connor never was more correct than when he said the opposition of Carpenter and Hill would be an assistance to our society , though I am very sure thc Gentle men never intended it . I will now give a brief sketch of my tour in Lancashire as far as I have gone . I lectured in Ashton twice , and though the meetings werc not large , yet what was wanted in numbers , was made up by the unaniinityof sentiments and action whieh pervaded tho individuals present on both occasions ; as a proof , I may . mention that the sum of -650 was subscribed to the Land Fund in four weeks , and out cf the eighty-one persons that took out shares during the above period , twelve of them paid up their full shares . —There , Messrs . Carpenter

      and Hill , are tacts tor you , which , no doubt will be wormwood and gaul to your very delicate stomachs . I have also addressed meetings in Staleybridgc , Mottram , Manchester , TodmoruBn , _lloehdale , Oldham , Blackstono Edge , Bolton , Radcliffe , Heywood , Stockport , and , if I recollect right , Hebden Bridge , Yorkshire , and in _everyone of whieh places the Land plan was received with universal approval or nearly so ; and I believe at present there is a branch ; or rather a district board , in eacli and every of those places . Bolton , a town that has for the last two years been politically dead , owing to causes which I cannot in this letter enter into , even this town , my friends _, or the people of it , have shook off thcirsluinber , and came forth with spirit and vigour to give their support to our Land scheme . One gentleman paid me his full share , expenses included . Friends , hoping that you will continue to aid and assist the board of directors in carrying out the plan , I remain yours , in Freedom's cause , _CnmsiorHER Don . - ** ,

      HUDDERSFIELD . The Land . —The Committee of the Co-operative Land Society for this district meet every Tuesday evening at Turner ' s Temperance Hotel , Chapel Hill , for the purpose of receiving contributions and enrolling new members , when every explanation of the views and objects of this society will be given to those who are desirous of taking shares .

      Proceedings At A Public Meeting, Convene...

      PROCEEDINGS AT A PUBLIC MEETING , CONVENED BY TIIE MEMBERS OF THE INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD-FELLOWS , LATELY HELD IN TIIE MEAL HOUSE , NICHOLAS CROFT , MANCHESTER . [ We have received requests from Manchester and Huddersfield to publish the following report of a meeting , as it is deemed to be of great importance by a considerable number of members of the Order of Odd Fellows . Much dissatisfaction exists respecting the mode in which the business of that * Institution is conducted bythe " ruling few ; " and a recent decision of the " Annual Moveable Conference , " lately assembled at Glasgow , is held to be contrary In il _. n ¦ _firt-nrttii-t , I T _nn't * rtr _-r-lirt _fl-ni-lni * _ntn-rl -In Aiint / ln / i a

      breach of the faith entered into with each mcmbei when he joined the brotherhood . Compliance witl . the alleged "illegal" resolution has been refused bj many "districts ; " and this has been followed b ' " suspension from benefits" by the general _secretarj and board of directors . The Manchester ant Salford districts , numbering some 13 , 000 members are "suspended . " In Liverpool , out of 133 Lodges , 13 ( are " suspended ; " and also the whole of the Lodges of Wigan . The Lodges in the Huddersfield district with an exception scarcely worth naming , hav < shared a similar fate . The breach , therefore , is i wide one : one that will take much adroitness ant finesse to heal . The ground of difference is such as almost to preclude compromise . The " dominani party" proclaim the rule of " passive obedience ' and " non-resistance ;" ¦ and the paying members hav < raised the standard of self-government . The tw < principles are thus at war : and there can be litth doubt as to the result . It cannot be expected tha " those who pay will submit to every reqiiircmen ' which an almost absolute and irresponsible authoriti demands of them . The following report will slu w tlm _rnnriTini- in wbinli tho _nnnctfinn Una Iuum , _lAl-AH ...

      in Manchester and Salford , and the sort of principles of action which the " suspended" Lodges advocate as the rule of governance . Next week we shall give the report of a second meeting ; and if any of our readers can aid us to the necessary documents and information , wc will give a history and account of the whole dispute , and offer such suggestions to those who are battling against usurpation and unjust interference as the ease seems to call for , ] Mr . Ball , of the Salford District , ivas unanimously called to thc chair , and opened the meeting by stating that they hud met that evening for the purpose of divising _rotne measures hy which they might again call themselves and meet together , us Odd Fellows . There was a time when he could apply that term to the whole of the meeting ; biit recent occurrences had . taken place wliich prevented them meeting together as sucli , and the pleasure Me felt in again ' meeting them wns real and ' _Bratlfyuig . He then ' introduced Mv , Dixon of Wigan ,

      || h | , ||||||] 1 _^ n _, 1 || lm | doubt h . ¦ Mr . Dixoi * commenced by saying hehad no doubt his motives would be impugned hy interested parties in his appearing before them that evening ; but . the circumstances which actuated him in thus presenting himself tr > their notice , ought to stimulate every member of the Order to do likewise . He said a very strong blow bad been struck at the independence of the institution , hy which the Order was bereft of many of its fairest features , anid its usefulness and benevolence impaired , and Us sphere of doing good narrowed and limited . He came forward to defend the sound principles of the Institution , whicli , in thousands of instances , had made the widow's heart to dance for joy , made merry and glad the hearts of

      many orphans , and stretched out a kind and warm band to the helpless and afflicted ; and base must be tbe heart of that man who could attempt , for a moment to oppose pure Odd-fellowship , or endeavour to destroy that principle of independence by which it had ever been distinguished . He would ask what was it that brought thc Order of Odd Fellows into existence ? It was a strong conviction of the necessity whicli existed for the union of all for the purpose of accomplishing what they could not achieve by individual exertions . It was that they might alleviate the sorrows of each of their members when on the bed of sickness , and assist his relatives to pay the last tribute of respect to his remains should death snap thc cord which bound him to them as a father and brother .

      It was that they might assist his sorrowing relict , when tbey had closed tbe grave over his remains , that they might stretch out a willing band to help her to shield her tender offspring from the snares which beset unguarded youth . It was that tbey might mitigate the severity of that man ' s sufferings , who , in ranging the country with despairing mind and breaking heart , wearied and travelworn , penniless and friendless , had expended his last p .-nny . and was still unsuccessful iu obtaining his object ; that tbey might step in here , and though they might not be ablu to assist liim to achieve his object , they could at least procure him the means of subsistence on his journey . With objects such as these their Society had progressed in an amazing manner , and received the respect and admiration of ail . Had men had crept in , and been invested with power to exercise for the benefit of all . They had misused that power , and legislated for the

      advantage of themselves , reckless and careless of what became of the Institution , so that they themselves mightbe enriched . ( Great cheers . ) What have they done ? They have taken away our independence . They have succeeded in obtaining a measure passed by which lodges are dis . franchised . Tbey have succeeded in obtaining the means to silence every member who dares to stand up and defend his independence . If a mau attempt to urge upon tbe attention of the members the gross wrongs continually perpetrated , he was met by sneers of this official , and jeers of that official ; he was told that he might appeal to tbis Committece and to that Committee if things did not suit his taste , and were not managed as he presumed to think they might be . But what clmnee had any man who hazarded himself in such a struggle . He could be suspended by on _« Secretary without a trial ; and the rest of the members were forbid to communicate with liim .

      Tlm managers had completely succeeded in getting every tiling their own way , to the manifest in jury of the Order , and great injustice to the members . Hut we have a remedy for all this—a simple , easy remedy—we have only to return to the principle of self-government , that ancient and primitive principle of the Order ; and I trust that every member here present has come determined to use his best exertions to return to tlic primitive principle of self-government . Vfe are met , not fbr the purpose of vituperation , or for dishonourable objects of party spleen and peevishness ; not for the purpose of indulging in a little party opposition and wilful slander , but with the worthy . intention of regaining for ourselves , that which has been voted away from us—to resist tbe _onci'oachmeiits made upon our liberties . We are told

      _' that the law for disfranchising Lodges was passed at the annual meeting in a regular manner . But I would ask , lias any man a right to vote away my independence ? They have a curious way of doing business at au annual meeting . I ask , is it not a fact that nearly the whole of the important business is kept back until the last day of thc meeting , and tbe bust portion ofthe time wasted upon frivolous , and vexatious topics ; and then the business , _rcalljf _. ' _itt' ectiiig the prosperity and peace of the Order , is hjj | l _|{ _ffljy | _hrou gh without that due deliberate _considera-^^^ H _^ HHRUg ht to receive at the hands of sucli an _as-HjHHH _^ - _^ _-idamcntal principle of tlte Institution tna _^^^^ fion _' shi ' tll be discussed without notice of such being given ;" and the different Lodges being made acquainted with it . Have they acted upon this plan \ And

      I ask , if they had done so , would they have been as successful in doing what they have done ? I ask also , did they act iu accordance with the principle of the Institution when they issued their mandate from a Committee from which there waa no _opv _^ al , to Interfere _-w-UU the exercise of Lodges in their benevolence , and demanded to have a report of how much they had accumulated , and how much they had expended ? What right had they with thvt ? They talk of the equity ofthe measure . Is thero any honesty in refusing the right of appeal , and then suspending members who objected to abide by their dictum ? We must find it out how all this is effected . There must he some influence and patronage at work to accomplish aU this . ( Loud and continued cries of " hear , hear , hcar . "J Patronage is a very curious

      thing to talk about ; and in tbis there is much to complain against . We do not object to any one of those who serve the Order with materials , as such ; but we do object to their being judges of their own work , aud judges Of Other men ' s work in the bargain . AVe say that it is not right that they should have any kind of influence or power in tbe management of the Institution . We object to their being legislators in any form . We have been told that there has been an increase of business in thc Order ; and that with certain parties the increase is so much that they deserve an increase of salary . Well , it is only right tbat an increase of work should bring an increase of remuneration ; but increase of work ought also to bring an _increase of profits , whereas , wc find an increase of salary , and a palpable decrease in the honey

      store . Patronage m any institution is highly wrong and reprehensible , and ought never to be placed in the hands of any officer of any society . It corrodes and wears away the best intentions and the best will . [ Mr . Dixon here read tho secretary ' s salary , and theamount of profits to the Order for the last six or seven years , to show that what he had stated was true , namely , that for an increase of salary there had been a decrease of profits to the Order . He then continued : ] But tho business had so increased that this last year his salary was to he raised still higher : yet it was a notorious , fact that fur wholo days licnbsen ted himself from liis office , aiid had honoured Epsom , Chester , and elsewhere with his presence , and left his business to be transacted by another . But the result of patronage did not stop there . I said that v . e

      did not object to anyone of the parties who served the Order with goods , or to thc quality of their articles ; but we objected to Iheir being judges of tlieir ' own work , and the judges of other men ' s work too . Why , bad as the government of the country may be , tho practices of the _Indi-pondent Older are worse . If a Surveyor of the Highways had twenty horses idle in his stable , he dared not contract for the mending of the highway over which be was Surveyor , under a penalty . of £ 5 for every « _ffeiice . Not so in the management of tbe Order . We may be told that individuals obtain their orders by au _Uonovwable estimate . Estimating , it is true , prevails in one department , hut not in another . But even in estimating , lie chances aro in their favour . An honourable firm lately estimated for work . Their sample of articles was

      sent in to thc pvoper quarter ; and when the time for the decision came , their sample was replaced by an inferior _oic ; and their one sent in as belonging to another , who , by it , obtained the estimate . The inferior article was sent back to the firm , who returned it with a message that such rubbish was not theirs . By _manojuvrimj of this kind it was quite possible that even the Estimate Committee might be deceived and trifled with . It was high time that some plan was adopted , that an Institution of such immense benefit to the community at large might be freed from charges of so gross a character , and productive of so much wrong and injustice . [ Thc speaker here read a list of tho various sums which eight individuals have received for goods furnished by them to the Order , amounting , in seven years , to the sum of 12

      MI _^ OOO s . Did . ] Well , What remedy is there for these evils ? He answered , _sclf-governmexxt . It may be said that grievances accumulated under the full exercise of that principle . Thc answer is , that with thc expertence wo have had it is impossible that such can be again the case . But the greatest of our grievances has not tahen place under thc exercise of that principle . Could they have ventured . o enforce a greater amount of contri . button for a less value in return , if we had had a fair chance of electing our own representatives ? It may be Stud , if we resist these laws for increased contribution , and a reduced amount of benefit in return , we shall become suspended , and lose our share in the general fund . What Is the amount of tho available fund of the Order 3 £ 7 , 000 . Why , that is scarcely sixpence per member , and surel

      y that is hardly worth wliile considering . A subscription of sixpence would put you in possession of as great a fund . It is nothing , us one is said to have expressed it , for all to divide , it might do good for five or six . But mark ; having once centralised the power in tbe hands of the District , is it not marvellous how they want to centralise the funds ? Seeing that the profits of goods do not exactly answer their purpose , they endeavour to work another manoeuvre , which will be successful unless youdo your duty . An ActofParliamentis tobeappliedfor , to enable thom to doby that means what they _darenotat-. tempt by any other . Should an Act of Parliament be obtained the subjugation of the Order will be at once perfect . ( Hear , hear , hear . ) Without an Act of Parliament , they have oontrol only _overa small portion ofthe funds of tho Order , but with an Act they would be enabled to gut within their own power the whole ofthe funds of the Lodge . There is another great and mighty evil—an increased contribution

      , and a decreased amount of benefit It is not sufficient for them to demand how much we bare given to this distressed brother ; or how far we have relieved that bereaved widow;—it is not enough forthem to know that all just and equitable demands have been paid to all who had aclaim upon us ; --itisnot enough for them to know that every P e „ ny of their demands have been discharged ; that we are accumulating lareo funds and prospering in every shape and form , and that wc have pounds per man in the bank-yes pounds per man in the bank , and not sixpences ! -it is not enough for -hem to be assured of all this from stubborn figures , but they takeaway from tlw _ptyjy manthemenM of _interrinj ; in a becoming manner , the wife ofhis bosom ! They must reduce tke amount from ten -, > ou * _ids to fi te . Thev ask to deprive the _industrious nrtiam of the ability topay proper respect to the _si-avev _ofitH joys anil sorrows , his hopes ami . _iiimMios , who _sweetvnea every joy that he participated

      j nd s _^^^ J _^^^ , _^ , * _..,. _* , , in , and _heightened every pleasure he enjoyed , which v kindness and affection so richly deserved at his n * _h is not sufficient for them that he must bear iv * .-, " * _*" and severe a _stroko of Providence , but o , atw-c _,-J" ! i be made heavier by their meddling , and the iut . ans ' _?"**< nifesting his esteem must be just as they may Senm _imposed to allow . It was all very fine to make long _t-aj , tions in figures with arithmetical precision and exact ! and to bewilder men ' s understandings with subjecu _^'' tircly . foreign to the purpose for which Odd-fellOUshi *••• benevolently designed ; and under the plea of "L _*" " vency" endeavour to increase the contribution and r «/ ° '' the amount of benefits , so that with a special act 0 _f- corporation they may be enabled to raise an _uiiotnio " ' amount for their management and disposal , f xtr . j ,. *" concluded by strongly urging the members to _io _^ their power to return to the principle of seIf . govorinn- > ' " couitimriicc

      ny ujiicn _aione mey men-steps , aiida » _- ' become a united and respected body , associated for ft highest endeavours for whieh man could use the alii * ** wilh which Providence had blessed them , and conclu _/ i by moving the following resolution which was uj , an * mously carried : That tbis meeting is of opinion tliat ' if _'" the inalienable right of every roan , and every body of _^ to enjoy the blessing which self-government alibi us . „ ! and that it is a duty which we owe to ourselves and th Order to which we belong-, to preserve that right entire and defend it from the rude aggression of ambitious J designing individuals . " . ]

      Mr . Ricn . iitnso *< , of Salford , in proposing the _sccBtid resolution , said—his resolution affirmed that sclf . « ovefnment was the inalienable rightof every society ; audit _^ j for thatnxeeting to say whether , as Odd Fellows they _wouhl maintain that right , and whether they would return to tli « primitive principle upon which the Institution was founded and hy which it has so long been distinguished , _Tak-I away that power , and what means-had tliey of defending themselves ? Let a member offer to defend the _print-iiile-- _< - ( the Institution , and proclaim against any wrong done ; let him appeal to the Annual Committee , and what a miser

      able chance he had of having even a lair hearing . j ; Vl . _r member know when the term "independent" was first used . It was laid hold of at a time when the power of the Society was invested in what was called thc Grand Lodge , which , attempting by arbitary and absolute authority , to lord over the rest of the Society , caused a resistance to tlieir demands , by which the Grand Lod ge was abolished , and the term "Independent Old Fellows " was seized upon to distinguish and mark their _determijia . tion to have a voice in the management of their own money , and the appropriating oftheir own savings . We have similar times now ; aud . we must have similar efforts , and shniliar results will follow . We have now Grand Lodge sitting daily in Aytoun-strcet , who _managa every thing , cut and select the propositions forthe Annual Committee , and nominate thc duputics by whom they am passed . ( Loud cheers , and cries of " hear , hear , ") Mr . lladclitFe , who generally indulges in a great deal of

      rhodomoutadc and _rhapsodism , said he could work the Order with thc interest of £ _* 20 , 000 . This amount could not be got from the profits of goods ; and therefore they must hare tin Act of Parliament to centralize the power , and to centralize the funds . But he hoped that such aa event would be for ever prevented frem taking place . Let them once get the sanction of the Order to such a measure , and farewell its " independence , " and for ever farewell thc management of their own funds . They had begun already . ' £ 7 , 000 was already invested as a " surplus fund ; " and gradually , unless prevented , they would go on , and get thc whole amount . The next step , seeing that profits werc not capable of effecting the object , would be a levy perhaps of some trifling amount , which would not be felt at first ; but it would grow until too hard to bear . But then the mischief would be done . lie bad often been in conversation with Mr . Radcliffe upon theso matters , and he could read him well ; and every word that hu had now said was true . Mr . Dixon had directed

      attention to the amount paid to various individuals ; and it was said that these individuals paid a large amount of " interest" to the Order . But how do they pay it 1 lt ri * tminded him of an anecdote ofa grocer , who on taking in a bill , was asked to take off tlte interest _. ' and replied , " Oh i give tne back my bill , I forgot to put it on . " Why these very men charge two shiUings fov sashing which could be bought _j forone shilling and a penny peryard . Cannot thoy afford to pay good " interest" to the Order ? But there is occasionally a Cabinet Dinner held in _Stcvenson ' s-squarc , which generally takes place when the Auditors and Ap . peal Committees are in town . How do you think it is paid for 1 Why , by those very men who supply tho Order with goods . They each give so much out of their profits to feast those gentlemen . When , hy accident , an unfortunate circumstance gets another individual on tho Ap . peal Committee , contrivances are set afloat to get him in

      the same boat with themselves , Whenhe is at Steven * _son _' _s-sojuarc , every attention is paid to liim , and , unsuspectingly , he gets into the same boat with them . If he be stubborn , a Cabinet Dinner at Monton-green finishes him off . [ Mr . llichardson concluded by urging upon every member present to use his best exertions to return to the principles of self-government , and concluded by moving the following _resolution , whicli was unanimously passed : — " That this meeting is of opinion that the attempts lately made by certain portions of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows to interfere with the financial arrangements of Lodges , is a violation of the principles of self-government , and utterly destructive ofthe fundamental principles upon whieh the Order was _originally basod ; they therefore protest , in the strongest manner , against such interference , and resolve to resist it by every honourable means in their power , " !

      Mr . Bes ** . _Siott proposed the next resolution , and in doing so said , he thought it ivas the duty of every member of the Order to stand out in defence ofthe principles of the Order whenever an opportunity presented itself ; and hc stood forward as an individual in benefit , and not as a suspended character , to advocate the full and free exercise ofthe principles of the Order . He knew something about A . M . Cs , nnd he would give tliem a little of liis knowledge . There were 255 , 000 members in tho Order , and the Annual Meeting at Glasgow was composed of about 130 deputies . When the Newcastle Committee said that Districts should send one deputy for every thousand members , they said also that those Districts which had not a thousand members should send one too . Mark the

      advantage . There were districts that did not contain as many members as scoics of Lodges in bis distriet . Well , the managers ofthe OrJcr went to Chowbent and got one to suit them there . Then they went to Keaiwluy , a little place between Manchester nnd Bolton , containing not more than 300 inhabitants in all the village , and _SUfCt'CllCd in _eetling a suitable representative there . Then they went to Pcckforton , a village with about as many members as the other place , and were successful there " . They had also two amiable folk from Stepney—Stepney , you know , is in the vicinity of London , and thus theirmajority was obtained . [ Mr . Stott concluded by proposing the following resolution , which was unanimously passed : — " That _n Committee be appointed to raise subscriptions to carry out the foregoing _resolutions . " ]

      Mr . TV _iuttakeb seconded the resolution , and , in doing so , urgently besought tho members to take tbe observations which had been made that evening to their homes , and meditate and reflect upon thein . Much blame , he said , was attachable to the members themselves for the lamentable causes which had brought them together at that meeting . The Quarterly Reports were carelessly read in Lodges , and heedlessly attended to by member * , and from tlieir inattention to these matters had grown up these great oppressions , ngninst which they now complained . Abandon , for ever , he said , tbe tawdry and unseemly " Tomfoolery * " of sashes , ifcc , which , at best , but make the _ivcarers seem not like men but monkeys . ( Hear , hear , and cheers ) He strongly urged the members to achieve for themselves independence and « cff-¦ jo _eenuneiit _, nnd said that tho business of Lodges would bo much better conducted in places separate from publichouses , and concluded by seconding the resolution . The members then proceeded to the appointment ofa Committee to carry the resolutions into effect ; and after a vote of thanks to tho Chairman , the meeting separated , after expressing their gratification at the proceedings .

      Fnexcn Waufake Is 1510.—A Panau.-Ei..—" ...

      _FnExcn _Waufake is 1510 . —A PAnAU _.-Ei .. — " A party of citizens and of inhabitants of the neighbouring plains had chosen anotherplace of refuge . In the mountains , at whose base Yicenza'is situated , is a vast cave , named the Grotto of Masano , or _Longara . .... This cave having a narrow entrance is easy of defence , and in the preceding campaign it bad served as a refuge for the neighbouring people . 6 , 000 unfortunate beings had retired there with all their goods : the women and

      children were at the back of tlle grotto , and the men guarded its entrance . A captain of French adventurers , named L'Hurisson , discovered this retreat , and with his troop made vain efforts to penetrate into it ; but foiled b y its obscurity and its windings , he resolved to suffocate all within it . He filled with taggots the part he had occupied , and set fire to them . Some nobles of Vicenza who wcre among the vofu _§ ees , now intreated the French to make an exception in their favour , and to let them ransom themselves , their wives , and children , and all of n oble blood . But the peasants , their companions in misfortune , exclaimed that they should all perish or he saved together . The whole cavern was now in flames , and its entrance resembled the mouth ofa furnace . Ihe adventurers waited till the fire liad finished it » terrible ravages , to enter tlm _pjivo nn . l _witiulv-iw the

      booty which they had purchased by such horrible cruelty . All had perished , except one voung man , who had placed himself near a chink through whi' _-- _* a little air had reached him . None of the both * - " * 9 were disfigured by tho fire : but their attitudes sufficiently indicated the agonies they had undergone before death . Several women were delivered in the * torments , and their infants died with them . When theadventurers brought back their booty to the camP _* and recounted the mode oftheir obtaining it , the ? excited universal indignation . The Chevalier Bayaw went himself to the cavern with the Provost Marsha ' . and caused him to bang in bis presence , and in »" _*" midst of this scone of horror , two of the wretch * * ** - * who had kindled the fire . But this punishment _w- not sufficient to efface from thc minds ofthe It ** ' * ** ' ! - ' the memory of so great a barbarity . "— _Skmo'i '"' Hist . Rep . Ml , vol . 14 , p . 41 .

      Singular Fate op a Psevdo _luxe—Monsie" ' Thierry , ' who attempted to establish himself as . ' 1 " independent soverei gn in New Zealand , ha - _* disappointed or given umbrage to his _barbae- _^ subjects , was recently killed , cooked , and eaten ' thom at a solemn public bnntpict , — Edinburg h - ' veriiser _.

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 19, 1845, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_19071845/page/6/