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ZyZl . .'. ~ Vvi ¦ : ' rr\ T -> - ., nr,...
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Mt> ffiom0youBerii^» . , ";'' .. ' ;'" of
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THE NORTHERN STAE SATURDAY, JU__ 90, 1850.
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AGE AND POVERTY PUNISHABLE BY TRANSPORTA...
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rity of thirty-three. The other amendmen...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Zyzl . .'. ~ Vvi ¦ : ' Rr\ T -> - ., Nr,...
ZyZl . . ' . _~ Vvi ¦ : ' rr \ - ., , , . r- _,: ¦¦¦ _/ z >\ _r ¦ - _» . _— _^~^ _- _~ r _4 _imX _^ 48 _for _^ 4 . ... __ .... _^ . . ™ _... _^ U _^ XSM _^ _M _^^ _mk _^ _- " " ' ' - _~ -- _—• _- _¦¦ _-- _—\ -- ¦ - _¦ _, ; _. . -- _¦ ¦ - •¦•¦ •• ¦ ¦ ¦¦ •_ _, - -
Ad00406
- RECIPES _YOR SUMMER DKINKS AND _INSTANTANEOUS _JCE . REDUCTION IN THE PRICE OF THE WORK . " Great Improvement in the Sherbets , Ginger J _^ r * , _^ mor _^„ , and _teeters . - M VILLENEUVE'S Collection of 108 Keci pes , for _; the economical production ; of all the refreshing Beverages , both liquid and powder , ICES . MARMALADES , JELLIES . JAMS . CKEAMS , BSUffiH SUMMER WISES , _CI _ £ _R 8 i _LIQUBUBS , Factitious MINERAL WATERS , both Aerated and Carbonated , with and without machines , Essences , new and beautiful Colourings , and his method of instantly producing ICE , at _atrifling expense , & c . ;& o „_ o . "aefoHomireaHsafeff of tha redpes that alxrana in this book which proves its great utility ts Small Fruiterers , _Cm _^ _fM _^^ e _^ a _aQdothers ; they are ofthe best quality , and several h ave been _improved by that distinguished ctmeam Acamusm sra- maaui watxbs . mors . ices . _KBBtraEicEs . Carbonated and Aerated Syrup of Ginger ' . Ice d Cream bm-er _« eer ( three methods ) Powders for producing them Ditto Orangepeel" Bitto _Chololate I _taramtimg ample » itt » _jrOrgeat Ditto _Rasnberrv Cream i _tano _« ae ( s _ ditto ) AeratedWater Ditto Citron Peel-. DittosKerrj I _Mlk _^ tto A & alineDitto DittoRaspberry Ditto Lemon _Btteroet Aerated Magnesia Ditto Ditto Strawberry Ditto Creme de Noven Persian Ditto . Best ' s Fluid Magnesia Raspberry _Twegar * T % _? _Z Arabian Ditto Carbonated lime Water Whey Powder ™« Er _ r Orangeade _Lethia Water CapUlairc p anch _^ _"K " _- _SSL _^ _JMfSY'SJS And verymany others . _DittoalaRomaine « aspberryade Carlsbad Ditto ku _ u _ _dxs . Shernr Cobbler lemon _MdKali EgerDitto , Orange { Butter superseded ; _MtiUeh TCne Kectar ofthe Gods . JJarienbad Ditto Cnrrant Ditto Rririch \«> h > n _EngCup Enis Ditto Scotch S _wec _ r Kir _^ _^ _alts _^ _ffibad _" _^ S _ 3 SB ?* _^ _SS _- And every other drink of Seidlita Water All _t _£ * S 2 _^ Summer and mer 0 U 3 to mentl 0 n _- repme , _bothinliquidsand Duma Ditto medicated wines , which powders . Seltter Ditto occupy a ereat space . Reduced to the price of Is . Gd ., or forwarded free by return ofnostonreceiDtof twentr Bostara ifamn _. J . _^ u _selres of flns opportumty , ts it wul contribute to their _waalth and the public health .
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SOTICB To the _Jfembersof the Mottram Branch of the _National Land Cempany . A PUBLIC MEETING _-0 . mil be held at _thehonseofMr . Mjirrw _CtArrojr near the Kew Dm , _HoUiogworth , on Sunday , July 28 th , at Two _o'CIock , when every member is expected to attend . By order of thi _Cft __ ittee . Mabtw Claitos , Secretary .
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RUPTURES EFFECTUALLY CURED WITHOUT A TRUSS !!! DR . HENRY _GUTHREY'S _extraorffinary success in the treatment of upwards of 27 , 000 cases of all varieties of Single and Double Rupture is without a parallel in the history of medicine . In every case , however bad or long standing , a cure is guaranteed The remedy is quite easy , and perfectly painless in _api plication , causing no inconvenience or confinement whatever ; is free from _danger , and applicable to male and female of any age . m _Sentfpost-free ) with foil instructions rendering failure impossible , on receipt of 6 s ., t > y Post-office order , or postage stamps , by Dr . _HESRY GDTHRBY , 6 , Ampton-street , i , -ay _' s-mn-road , London . Hundreds of testimonials and
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DEAFNESS . — Important Notice . —Mr . FRANCIS , the eminent aurist , who has devoted his attention solely to DISEASES of the EAR , continues to effect the most astonishing cures in all those inveterate cases winch Save long been considered hopeless , and of thirtv or forty vears standing , enabling the patiemt to hear a whisper , witfiontpain or operation , effectually removing aea & ess , noises in tha head , and all diseases of the aural canaL Mr . F . attends daily from 10 until 6 , athisconsu 1 _ _k rooms , 6 , _Beaofort-binldings , Strand , Londoa Per sons at a distance can state their case by letter . Adyice to the poor , Monday , _Wednesday , and Friday , from 6 till 8 in _theeresios' . - ' .. _- ¦ -.:
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_CHALLENGE TOR £ 500 STERLING . THAT mL GREER'S SIXPENNY _PAMPHLEt ON MEDICAL REFORM ( which will be sent free fbr sir Queen-head stamps ) , contains the most _Euccesral medical and surgical practice since 1811 , yet published by any living man . ' Deab Snt , —After many eminent deetors gave me over , even in ths Infirmary , where their best skill and medicine were used , till all declared it was impossible I could sur"vive , as my _liwgs _, they said , were a 3 ulcerated as my neck , breast , and arms ; which , bear many scrofulous marks , ? onr mils cured verfectlv : grateful to you and thankful to
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DEAFNESS ASD SINGING IN THE EARS INSTASTLY CURED WITHOUT PAIN OR OPERATION . THE APPLICATIONS OP BR . PEARSOS'S wonderful discovered remedy in all cases of Deafness enables sufferers of either sex , even an infant or most aged persons , to hear a watch tick at arms length and general conversation , _aUhoogU having been afflicted with deafness for thirty or forty years , without the use of any instrument , or possibility of causing pain or _danger to a child many of whom bora 'leafi with persons of all ages whose cases had been , by the old treatment , pronounced incurable , after the use of this new discovery hare had their hearing perfectly restored . Dr . Charles Pearson , Consulting Surgeon of the Ear Infirmary forthe cure of Deafness , begs to offer this valuable remedy to the public from benevolence rather than gain , and will forward it to any part fbee on receipt of a letter _OTrfoqrng firA shillings _an _^ sixpence in postage stamps or mony order , to Charles Pearson , M . D ., 41 , Sand Pitts , Birmingham . Dr . Pearson daily applies his new remedy , and has cured thousands of mostinveterate cases at the Ear Infirmary and in Private practice , in the _presencs of the mosteminentofthe Faculty who have been utterly astoinshed at thecures effected .
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DR . _VILLIERS OS MEDICAL GALVANISM . GIVEN AWAY , A PAMPHLET on the extraordinary influence and miraculous properties of galvanism , not alone , bat in conjunction whh Eckntific medical treatment , without which galvanism is _nseles sin all nervons affections of the mind and body , mental depression , delusions , confusion , excitement , involuntary blushing , paralysis , epilepsy , the doloureux _, spinal complaints , lumbago , gout , sdatics _, local and rheu matic pains , incipient insanity , indigestion , liver complaints , diseases of hot climates , prostrate glands , asthma , _dhlnessofaghtor hearing , stiff joints , deficiency of ner-Tons energy , female disorders , & c _~ , & c By 6 . VaHers , _ D .. formerly a snrgeonin tbe army , and on her Majesty ' s
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YOURSELF ! WHAT YOU ARE ! AND WHAT FIT FOR ! To know thyself is the most important of all knowledge 2 ' Memos . - MISS EMILY DEAN continues , with immense success , to delineate the characters of _xodrndnals rom a . graphiological _examination of their handwriting . All persons wishing to 'know themselves , * or their friends , by meam of this extraordinary end interest i ng sc i en c e , must send _aspecimen oftheir writing , sta ting sex , age , or supposed age , of the writer , to Miss Dean , 48 , ISverpool-street , King's-cross . London ( enclosing thirteen fostage stamps ) , and they will receive a written description oftheir mental and moral qualities , virtues , and failing * , & c ., and many other things hitherto unsus pected , calculated to guide them through life . Ihe many thousands who have thankfully acknowledged the value of advice given , and the accuracy of Hiss Dean ' s delineation of character , establish the truth and value of the science beyond a doubt .
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patsk . pofsft . LU X URI A N T ASD B EAUTIFUL HAIR , WHISKERS , & c OF all the Preparations introduced for the ' reproduction of tiie Human Hair , and the production ' of Mustachois , Whiskers , Eyebrows , & c , none have gamed such a world-wide celebrity and immense sale as _IGssDEAH'S _CHIKILBSE . It U eminently successful in nour ishing , curling , andbeautifying thehair , and checking _andtffeventinggreynessi in . all its stages , strengthening weakhtir , preventing its fining 0 $ & c ., & c . _R > r the reproduction of hair in baldness , from whatever cause _, and at whatever age , it stands unrivalled . ; _Onetrialonly is solicited to prove the feet . It is an elegantly-scented preparation , and sufficient for three months' me will he sent post-free on receipt of Twenty-four Postage Stamps . l _^ jfiss De _^ 4 _^ _ Terpool-street , King ' s-cross , London ! For children it is indispensable , as _forming the baas of a . beautiful bead of hair .
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THE " RED REPUBLICAN . " , _™ . , _N ( WICE TO THE TRADE . N _« , _U- otJu " Red Republican , " ( for Saturday , July 27 th ) , wiU be ready for delivery to the publishing trade at twelve o ' clock on Monday next , July 22 nd . _Sncceedjng _MiiAerswiU also be published on the Monday in
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On Saturday , 3 rd August , Will appear , the first namber of the New _Senes-of THE IRISHMAN . Tbe "Irishman" will be conducted on the same principles as before , and will continue to prove- itself the fearless and uncompromising advocate of the rights of the Irish people . Subscriptions ( in all cases payable in advance )—Yearly , £ 1 Is 8 d ; Half-yearly , Ite Md ; Quarterly , 5 s _Sfcj . Single Paper , 5 i Subscribers to tbe former Series will receive _ e Facer as usual . All _cconmnniualions t » be addressed to "WlLSlaH DDK . bik , at the office of tho " Irishman , " No . 4 , Angleseastreet , ( near Dame-streeft , Dublin .
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KATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . 0 FPICES _, 14 , SOUTHAMPTON STREET , STRAND
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THE FRESCH REYOLUTION OF 1790 . A L E O T URE Xi On tbe above subject will be delivered at _Kotp ' _s _CoFEEE-nocsE , 514 , _Unios-sibeet , Boeodch , On Sunday Evening next , July 21 st , to commence at nine o'CIock . ADMISSION TREE .
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THE CHARTER AND S OMETHING MORE ! A PUBLIC MEETING OF THE NATIONAL REFORM LEAGUE will be held on _Mojjdai , Jolt 22 , a t Ei g ht o ' clock , p . » , at the literahv _IssirroTios , 3 _oHK-sraEET , _Prrzaot-sQUASE , to receive the Quarterly Report of the Council , and to discuss tiie principles and objects of the League , especially in reference to a just and efficient Poor Law ; Self-sustaining Employ ment of the Poor ; Equitable Adjustment of Taxation ; Mitigation ofthe Evils of Partial Free Trade ; The Gradual Nationalisation of the Land and Public Works of the Country ; the establishment of a system of Rational Credit , open to & U deserving applicants _requiring aid In tbe prosecution of Industrial Operations ; the abrogation of a Metalic Standard Value in the Currency ; and the establishment of Public Stores , forthe equitable interchange ofthe Production of Indus try . J . B . O'Bbie . v _, _PbeoIdext of the League , in the Chair ; and the meeting wiU be addressed by Several Popular Advocates ofthe Bights of the People . Admission Free .
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TO JOURNEYMEN SHOEMAKERS , CLICKERS , AND MALE ASSISTANTS IS THE SHOE TRADE . A PUBLIC MEETING wffl he held on Toesdat _Etcnimg , Jdlt 23 rd , at the Mechanics'Institution . Chancery-lane , Holborn , to consider the propriety of establishing a Society for the Relief of aged and decayed Journeymen Shoemakers , Clickers , and Male Assistants in the Shoe trade , when the attendance of aU per sons connected with the trade is earnestly requested . The Chair to be taken at Six o'clock . J . Ltoab , Sec , pro . ton ,
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EMIGRATION TO NORTH AMERICA . W TAPSCOTT AND CO ., SHIPPING » and Emigration Agents , Liverpool , continue to despatch First Class Ships— " To NEW YORK-every Five Days . To NEW ORLEANS-every Ten Days . To BOSTON and PHILADELPHIA-every Fifteen Days . And oecasii _ dly to BALTIMORE , CHARLESTON , SAVANNAH , QUEBEC , and St JOHNS . Drafts for any amount , at sight , on New York , payable ia an ; part of the United States . Tapscott ' s "Emigrant " sGuide" sentfree , on rece iptof Pour Postage Stamps . C _* _> About twenty-eight thousand persons sailed for the New World , In Tapscott *» Ui » of America * Packets _. in 1819 .
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TO TAILORS . By approbation of Her Majesty Quem Victoria , and H . R . H .. Ptinee Mert . NOW R E ADY , THE LONDON AND PARIS SUMMER FASHIONS for 1850 , by Messrs . BENJAMIN READ and Co . ; 12 . Hart-street , _Blobmsbury-square , London ; and by GEORGE BERGER _, Holywell-street , Strand ; a splendid PRINT , exquisitely engraved , and very , richly tolonred . This beautiful Print will be accompanied with very extra fitting , and most fashionable style Riding ; Frock aud Dress-coat Patterns _; a Paletot , or Spring Over Coat of the present fashion for the season ; a Youth ' s Jacket ; aud the most novel and elegant style Ladies ' Riding Habit , with illustration of every particular part Method of Cutting and Making-up fully explained . Also everything respecting Style and Fashion for the present season , and much other useful information . This magnifi . cent Print is exhibited
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_snSnJ _^? _- " _-The Own * " * " Montemolin , at _ttta Royal- Patera of Caserta , nearifeplei , to tho IW * 0 « rol _ e ,. mter of the King // t £ _SaS J _^ S _* ? ° ° _Kmia 3 _> Spanish _AmbasS quitted Naples on board a Spanish _steam-Sb
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\ _^^~ _^^ y _m _* mm _*** e _^ mmmm I _rEdiujation for tie _JPJions ;;;;;! I -, y _^ _THlStDAYJSFGBUSHBfy _^ ' _- HNo . _1 X : _OV _' '' _^' _' - '' ' ¦ ¦' -- - ' _-- _> m Mm _^ _xmMiiji V ; \ PRICE ONE PENNY _^ ¦ ' _; Of The object ofthe Proprietor , _Fmarja _O'ConuoB , Esq ., M . P .,. i 8 to place within _, ; _taePreaoh of the poorest classes that Political and _Sosial Information of which they are at present deprived by the Government " -Taxes on Knowled ge , " ; " In addition to a serial- history of the " Life and Adventures of Fkahotjs _O'OeusoR from his Boyhood , ' ? , ifc _- , will contain Essays by the best writers on all the leading Questions ofthe day , written in an earnest , honest , and impartial spirit ; Tales . and Sketches , illustrative ofthe working of our , present Social and Political S ystem ; Reviews and abstracts Oi Hew Books or a useful ahd instructive _bharacter , and _Mi-cellaneous Information , suited alike for the amusement and instruction ofthe fireside . _' "
Mt≫ Ffiom0youberii^» . , ";'' .. ' ;'" Of
_Mt > ffiom 0 _youBerii _^» . _";'' .. ' ;'" of
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N _» THKOHAM . —J . Sweet ' acknowledges- the _rene _^ jt the _following sums ( sent herewith ) - vis . _r — m _« biNO-rjp Fond . —T . _Bayas ., 3 d ; T . _SwinBeltL 3 d ; B- Doari 3 d ; B . Price , 3 d ; A . Burgin , Cd ; S . Gregory , 3 d ; J . Palmer , Cd ; A . _BurbagfrGd . _Pousn _Befoqee Emm . —The followmg sums have been rereived by Wm . Davis , secretary ' . —J .. M ., 8 s . _t Tea Party at John-street ; £ 13 s 9 d ; Whittingtonand Cat , is ; Collected after a _feeture at the Sing aud Queen , by W . " Davis , 4 s Id ; Crown and Anchor , 2 s ? Jd ; AUam Shire _andHoUoner . per Smith Barber , ls 9 d ; W- S ., ned Republican , Is ; Little Dean-street , Cs ; Mr . Raymond , ls j Mr . Kcll , White Horse Hare-street i 2 s ; Concert at
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SIR ROBERT PEEL'S PORTRAIT . A Magnificent Portrait , beautifully . Engraved on Steel , of the late Sir Robert Peel , and printed on 4 to . imperial , will be ready for delivery witb . our next week ' s number . To _preveql disappointment , and ensure early copies to our subscribers , orders should be immediately forwarded to tbeir respective Agents . London Agent , Mr . Pavey , Holywell : street , Strand .
The Northern Stae Saturday, Ju__ 90, 1850.
THE NORTHERN STAE SATURDAY , JU __ 90 , 1850 .
Age And Poverty Punishable By Transporta...
AGE AND POVERTY PUNISHABLE BY TRANSPORTATION [ " Set a beggar on horseback and he'll ride " ——; we need not finish the' old proverb . A couple of illustrations of its truth , which have occurred this week , deserve tobe noted . When " plain John Campbell , " commenced life as a reporter , the probabilit y is , that he never contemplated the possibilit y of his being apeer . anda Lord Chief Justice , or , if snch a brilliant destiny did come within the range of his vision , it must have appeared ofthe most
remote and doubtful character . B y steady plodding—by .. unscrupulous partisanship—by sticking with the most limpet-like tenacity to the skirts ofthe Whigs- _* and by never losing an opportunity of pushing his insatiable demands for the good things at the disposal of those in power , he has managed to climb to the height we have mentioned , and secured a snug income of £ 10 , 000 a year , to which , ' as to many other of his lucky _wind-falls , attaches the savour of a huge iob ., ; Bat " plain Jom , " though _thtia sprang frorathe people , has no sympathy with them . '
Indeed , it would appear that the true characteristic of the parvenu class . to . which he belongs , is their endeavour to dissociate _themselves , as far as possible _,, with the . classes ; to which they _onginally belonged . They are always more aristocratic than the aristocracy wanting in real dignity , they make up for it by an affectation of extreme hauteur , Ambng _^ other things which " plain Jo h n " has done in the course of his long career , and we must add , done very well , ia " the LiveB of the Lord Chancellors of England " Among these worthies figures that infatnouB scoundrel and bloodthirsty monster Judge Jj _SKfWBS . Lord _Campbeii hM _tfrawa a
Age And Poverty Punishable By Transporta...
graphio picture of the unjustifiable severities , and'the unprincip led conduct of that | pre-epHneibtly bad man . 'But i _^ must be remembered ; that maujr of ' his crimes , much of _hia grossness , and . not a few of his , vices , were in keeping with the . coarse , licentious , heartless , and cruel age in which W . lived . He , was an embodiment in a somewhat exaggerated form of the predominant influences of the time . '
Even his bloody campaign—rather than assize —in the Western Counties , after the _unsuc _ceaaful rebellion of Monmouth was to some exteht- _* ot palliated—but accounted for by the circumstances which -preceded his judicial slaughters , and were not altogether out ot unison with the characteristics of an age which had scarcelyrecoveredfrom the demoralising and _brutalising influences of a long and bitter
civil war , ' ; , . : Since then , a vast change has passed over English society ; the laws are usually administered in a gentler spMM 0 laws themselves have been gradually ameliorated , and made responsive to tbehumaner public opinion which now prevails _,. Severe sentences , disproportionate to the offence , and accomp anied with language unnecessarily harsh _andinsulting to a prisoner , aretherefore far less excusable . at the present time than they were in the days of Judge Jefpbies . How will the present Chief Justice bear the test if thus applied ? Let _one'case at the Oxford summer assizes answer .
, An old man , aged sixty years , was charged with having stolen from Henley Union Workhouse , a > mockfrock , a jacket , a pair of trousers , a waistcoat , and other things , on the 10 th of May . The prisoner said he had been fourteen winters in the workhouse , and having in the spring applied for admission , he was taken in and treatedfor the itch , the surgeon atthe same , time putting ; him upon lowdiet for a fortnight . The doctor was mistaken in saying he had the itch , and at tbe end of thefortnight he was worse than when he went in . In reply to his- application for more
nourishing diet , an improvement was made in his allowance , but it was still too scanty , and determined not to be slowly starred to death if he could avoid it , the old man left , we presume ) in the hope of picking _, upfa living in some way .-or . '' . other outside . He failed in this , ' and having no other way of obtaining ' a subsistence , he resolved that if he was to be imprisoned at all , it would be preferable to be so in a real prison , where there was _£ . far better treatment ' ' ' than in the pauper prison , ; , of whose tender mercies , he . had so much : experience . He therefore took , th . e
articles , mentioned , to make an appearance of committing a burglary , in Order to be sent to the only , comfortable house which in England was open to an old man , destitute of friends ,, and of the ¦ strength to earn a living for himself . ' ¦ ' ¦ ' He merely , " says the report , with forcible conciseness , " wanted to get into gaol ! ' * - _¦"" _' . ( . ' " \ ' _-. ' _"' What a terrible commentary , upon our boasted civilization lies in , that short ' sentence !
- '' He merely wanted tp get into ' . gaol 1 " We have turned society topsy-turvy .. Involuntary poverty is treated with indignity , and all but starved in pauper , Bastiles .- For tho convicted criminal we provide comfortable lodgings , and nourishing and plentiful diet . We hold out a premium for infractions ofthe law , and then we grow virtuously indignant , that famishing , untaught , destitute ,, helpless wretches ; yield to the temptations we have placed in their way , and punish them severely for our own
errors . _- Surely , the simple facts we . have narrated warranted some kindly and merciful consideration at the hands of the presiding judge ., The spectacle of an aged , man , driven to the desperate resource of committing what was * after all , merely a colourable and nominal offence , that he might obtain , oven for a short time , shelter and food ina gaol , might sohave tempered judgment with mercy . Not so thouglitLord Campbell , Hebursfcintoapassion at the idea of a pauper having the assurance to ; dream of even gaol comforts in his old days . H ' e abused the prisoner as " an idle dissolute character , who wished to be pampered in idleness , at the expense of tho community ; " and who had committed tbis offence in order to be
fed in idleness , where the fare was more to his taste than that in the workhouse .. But the virtuous Chief Justice was determined the old man should be disappointed , and , instead of a short imprisonment , in Oxford gaol , sentenced him to be imprisoned for seven ¦[ years ! . We did not doubt an informant when he told us that the people of Oxford were horrified and disgusted at the severity of Lord _Campbeu , ' s . sentences , What with Judge _Tautourd ' s leniency , and " plain Jo h n s " unreasonable and disproportioned severity , the ermined bench , hitherto looked up to with such confidence and respect , is in some danger
of declining in public estimation . The "common people" especially , may see by this sentence how much sympathy the quondam reporter has _tvith their not unnatural desire to , obtain the means of barely prolonging existence . Now for the other side of . the / picture , illustrated by , Lord Brougham , whose contempt for the people is only equalled by his obsequious toadyism to the class to which he hasbeen raised . On Tuesday he suddenly jumped up , and on the pretence of putting a question to Lord Lansdowne , delivered himself of a speech so outrageous that it completely out-Broughamed Brougham . It is rumoured that the Select Committee on the Estimates of last
year have put their fingers on our diplomatic establishments abroad , as nests of corruption and financial extravagance , which , in these days of heavy taxation , must be dealt with ; and it has become a prevalent belief that , at no distant period _^ a sweeping reduction will be made in these establishments . _. Ambassad o rs , with , £ 10 , 000 a year , and a staff of attaches , will lie cut down to Ministers at half the pay ; and , with more moderate appoint-• ments , a Minister will be converted into a Charge d'Affaires , at a still smaller cost in other cases . Consuls will be found sufficient
for all our wants in most instances , and in many others separate establishments may be rolled into one , without detriment to the interests of the country , and ' with considerable saving to the national Treasury . - These were the fearful prospects which opened the mouth of Lord . Bbougham , formerly known aa Henr y . Brougham , the Man of ; the People . He protested against "the foreign . phantasy , that the time has come for lowering the English aristocracy , " and he threatened , _^ if the scheme of placing these dip lomatic sinecures- on ' a just-footing was
persisted inr thathe would propose they shall begin at the top , and cuidownthe civil list ef the Queen herself ; notwithstanding he was aware that that was definitivel y settled at the commencement of each reign , and that a bargain is a . bargain . Now what does Lord BnouGHAM dean b y " lowering , the aristocracy ? " I _^ w can form any idea at aU , it is that they should give any return for the money they receive ., ' . , He says : — « . * The English aristocracy will be lowered , if . such things are allowed to pass . as I know ; are now . passing , namely , that a lady of , the highest rank—a lady connected : with families of dukes
and marquises by the nearest ties—is reduced to the humiliating necessit y of advertising for necessary employment . " Shoeking , ' isn't it , to think of a " lady , connected with dukes and marquises , " exerting herself to earn an honest livelihood % / What will the ' world ' come to ? We are well aware thai" we hold heretical—if not horrible- _^ _yiews on _this subject ; but at the risk ofdrawing ; down upon _bnrselves ' an explosion of Brougharriic abuse , we must say that the humiliation and lowering ofthe _aristocraby consists in tiieir taking money without rendering any service as an equivalent for it—not in trying to live by their own industry . It is that which constitutes them trul y paupers ,
Age And Poverty Punishable By Transporta...
who wish , as Lord P AMP _^ Li _expteise & it _,, _^^ be pampered , in _idlenea 8 , _aV ihe . _expeflW _; of the -rest of the cdnumnrity ; ' ; Will " plain John" carry ont his principle rigidly ak ;; inflexibl y . ?;;; Qh , ! foraf Ehadamanthus , _vrho would _wntehgef to transportation for seven _yeariy Ail who ¦ '} , ¦ ¦ are pampered in idleness at the expense ofthe community !" ' f
Rity Of Thirty-Three. The Other Amendmen...
rity of thirty-three . The other amendment , which went to make the law what the _Legislature intended it should be in . 1847—namely , a bona fide . -Ten Hours Act , was also negatived but by the smaller majority of thirteen , Lord Stanley having upon that point joined the friends of the factory operatives . It is . intended , we believe , to move this amendment again on the bringing up of the report , or upon the third reading , when _^ as proxies may be used , which they cannot be in Committee , the result may yet be a decision in favour of the Legislature keeping faith with the mill hands . We confess we are by no means sanguine that this will be the case . : , Government and
LEGISLATIVE BREACH OF _iPilTH WITH THE WORKINCr CLASSES . ¦ The hope we entertained that the . House of Lords would do that justice tp the factory operatives which the dominant millpcracy in the Commons refused , has been disappointed . Lord Harrowby moved the inclusion of children in the clause which requires the labour of "females and young persons V to be performed between six in the morning and six in the evening . As that proposition was only lost in the Commons by one , , it might have been fairly expected that it would have been adopted by the Lords . The Tory leader , however , spoke and voted , against it , and the consequence wasits rejection : by the large
majo-The conduct , both of the ofthe Legislature throughout this affair , has been most discreditable , and even , taking a selfish view ef the matter fortheir own sakes , most dangerous in its character and probable results . ' In spite of numerous proofs to the contrary ; there exists , or has existed , a latent disposition to trust in ; the John Butt spirit of pur . public ' men , and to believe ; that . ' they / would not ; knowingl y and openly , be guilty of a breach of faith j or sanction" unfair play . ' Wherever these illusions may . hare lingered -they must how be utterly dispelled . ; . The proverbial ' . Wanliness and honesty of which we so ,.-. proudly : boast as i feature in the national : character , has no
existence when the game of party requires the sacrifice ofa weak to a-powerful interest . The appeal ofthe producing . elasses _. to the honour Wthe British Parliament , 'has proved as unavailing as their ; . petitions fur justice , when these petitions have involved the selfish interests of privileged classes . Until industry is directly represented , and its rights boldly sustained in the Senate , the labourer will be the step-child of the state . Political inust precede Soeial emancipation ; that is the great
deduction from the straggle in wbich the factory operatives , with justice , right , humanity , and experience on their side , have been worsted . If after this decision the working classes place the slightest reliance either- in the honesty , or fairplay of the Legislature , when their interests are concerned , wecan only say * thatthey will be the most gullible-and credulous simpletons over whom an Oligarchy ever exercised tyranny : under the forms' of a sham representative _system .
Even the Times—the- great advocate of this . so-called compromise—in Ha earnest .. and i timely appeal to the Peers ,, on the morning _i previous to the discussion , to support _Muria-Iters , was obliged to- admit the immense benefits that have resulted from the practical adoption of ten _hours by the majority of mill-Pwners . Referring to the Reports of tbe Inspectors for the half-year just ended , it adduced triumphant and unanswerable evi-: _denceoftheBouudoeaaof the political philo-I sophy embodied in the act of 1847 . Instead [ of extracting Mr . Horner ' s own statements on the subject , let us give them as condensed by the Times : —
The report before us cannot fail to remove any misgivings that may be felt as to the sound sense and genuine humanity of our Legislature up to this point . Mr . Horner continues to receive favourable accounts of the working of the Ten Hours Act . That great experiment , dangerous as it appeared to many , aud , as he confesses , to himself among others , on account of the suddenness of the transition from twelve hours to ten , has succeeded , so far as it has had a fair trial , " better than the most sanguine of its promoters ventured to anticipate . The workpeople appreciate more and more the hours thev have gained , and the masters are daily
better reconciled to the change . The workpeople being more vigorous , and the maohinery somewhat more speedy , the produce of ten hours is found union nearer that of twelve hours than could possibly have been imagined , and there is a marked improvement ia the health , appearance , and contentment of the people . On the other hand the Ten Hours Act has not produced any of those ruinous consequences which were freely and confidently predicted , lb has not driven away capital from manufacture . On the contrary , it appears from particular inquiries , made by Mr . Horner and his sub-inspectors , that since the passing ot that act the
investment pf capital in the erection of new mills , the extension of old mills , and the fitting up of old buildings for the purpose , has been beyond all precedent , During the last two years alone sixty-one new cotton mills have commenced working in Mr . Horner ' s district ; six of them being small buildings , which have been converted'into cotton mills . These _sixty-one mills have , together , a power of steam and water of about 1 , 330 hams . Besides these there are ; twenty-one now in the courso of being erected , some of them very large , which , according to the best information that can be obtained , will have power equal » to 1 , 286 horses . At the estimate of five persons to
every horse power , these new mills , with 2 , 615 horses' power , will give employment to about 13 , 000 people . In the same period there have been 156 instances of tenants taking possession of mills and parts of mills that had from various causes become vacant , whioh together have now a power at work of about 2 , 738 horses . Thero have also been many instances of additional machinery where there was previously unemployed power . Thus , in spite of peculiar difficulties and discouragements arising from other quarters than the Ten Hours Act , it appears that capitalists both great and _smaljliave passed into the trade or extended tbeir _operations in it , more thau ever since the passing of that act . . . -
The direct and inevitable conclusion to be deduced from all these facts is , that the law which has produced such results should be upheld in all its integrity ; Instead of weakening its provisions , or relaxing its stringency , they ought , if possible , to have been more rigorously enforced . Whatever laches mi ght have been discovered in the wording of the act ought to have been carefully supplied , and a measure , which had so full y realised the anticipations of its promoters , ought to have been made as perfect as possible in all its _detailst
But in the face of the facts , the Times and the Government , of which it is the mouthpiece , counsel concession and compromise with the opponents of this measure . Every one of these facts-is an unanswerable refutation of the predictions of the millocrats when the measure Vas _^ passing through Parliament , i During the discussions on the measure now ' under consideration , Mr . Bbioht , and the Political Economists , have indulged in similar predictions _^ perhaps , we should say in the case of the member for Manchester , direct falsehoods . W © heard him- declare in the
House of Commons , with that effrontery which distinguishes him upon suoh occasions , that when the labour of children was first limited to six and a half hours , many thousands of children were discharged from factory employment , and he predicted , that if the motion to inolude children with females and young persons tinder eighteen years of age was carried—the practical effect of which -would baTt 9 ' 'ljiBea ' -: 'to ¦ _Bini | ¦ the ¦ lalraar _A € - ' _« _lUkflUp _^_ o five hours and a _quarter—that _^^ wpul 4-be discharged wholesale . The only Wfiylin : which we can test the truth of that prediction ' is , bv comparing the facta witli the confident _afiW-
Rity Of Thirty-Three. The Other Amendmen...
_ifcns of Bnlly . Bright . ,, If the limitation to _wx and a' half-hours ; had the effect of _causing the discharge of thousands of children _, wben _ibo bill passed in / 1844 , how is it that since tbat . time there ' _,, has been ; ' jb _^! great an increase w v the number of children , employed ? Before the Act of 1844 there were employed , _hrMf . HOMBb ' b district alone ; 8 , 153 children , * thefe are now _emjpidyed 13 461 , or an increase of 0 & per cent ;! After such a specimen of the tnrtb / _aJstatemento of the unscrupulous and selfish opponents of _tto Factory Act ' we may be fairly excused from
, condescending to notice anything that may lit future emanate from a party whose object ia pelf , and whose appropriate mean * for obtaining itis mendacity . The Daily ; _iVezw—the organ of millocracy and selfishness under , the . hig h sounding title of . political economy—congratulates iti readers on the fact that the Factory Bill , and the agitation raisedby it , have been set alt _resV at least for sometime ; and it _stigmatiseff that agitation as one " which , though patronised by the upper class and the Tory party , led
more directly to some of the worst theories of Socialism than any doctrines preached in t &» penny publications of the day . " This is the old-fashioned system of giving & dog a , bad name ; but the dodge is too _iranspa * rent , and too easily seen through to be sue- _, _cessful . The Daily News and its masters may depend upon it that the Factory agitation is . not set at rest , because justice has not been done—because the Legislature have broken faith with the operatives , and because the
system of working mills fifteen hours a day , by means of relays of young children , will lead to such inconveniences , hardships , cruelties , and in many cases death , that the country will rise up against it from one end to the other . What the " worst theories of Socialism" may be , to which the Ten Hours Act may directly lead , we cannot imagine . One thing is quite certain , that if we may judge from past experience of the effect a further extension of the same
principle , and . the regulation of all labour , bo as to proportion supply and demand , that experience' would lead to the conclusion that , though the millocrats might not be able to acquire colossal fortunes in the course of a few years , the industrious classes would be vastly benefited , physically _^ intellectually , and morally . The Reports of the Factory Inspectors place beyond doubt the immense , substantial , and truly valuable benefits derived from the partial application of this great principle , of
regulation and proportion . They completely falsify all the prophecies ofthe " Manchester School ; " and it is to be hoped that , guided by the experience thus acquired , public opinion will , in duo time , operate so powerfully on the Legislature as to impel further efforts in tho same direction . The health , comfort , and moral elevation of the people at large , are of incalculably greater importance than the creation and preservation of a cottonocracy , or of any other class of wealth monopolisers . ,
PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . The most noticeable event in the Legislative proceedings of the week has been the attempt ef the Irish Landlords to force through Parliament , at this late period of the Session ,. ai measure giving them power over their tenants and over their crops , which seem more calculated for the meridian of remote Persian and Turkish provinces , than the temperate climates in which Constitutional Governments have been established . Lords Westmeath" an d
Ltjcan , two of the most ferocious and _bigfttted supporters of landlord despotism , introduced into the Lords a Bill , giving the landowners more summary powers of evicting their tenants than they at present possess , and , at tbe same time restraining them from _cuttingj ; heir standing crops , save at such times as might suit tha landlord ' s interest and convenience . Such extravagantly absurd propositions of course received no obstruction inthe House of Landlords , In that House all the members look at such questions through the same _spectacled .
They " stand by their order , " and as the whole " order" stands upon Rent , they naturally have a strong prepossession in favour of anything that makes rent certain . - But the rapacious short-sighted & M Suicidal policy pursued by the Irish proprietors , the misery it has entailed upon their own country , and the heavy burdens it , has laid upon the United Kingdom , ought to have been a sufficient warning against allowing them to interfere with such amatteragain . We cannot afford a _~ famine and a present of £ 10 , 000 , 000 every
two or three , . years . Precious though the Irish landocracy may . be in their own estimation , that . isifar too hi gh a price to pay for the _preservation of the breed . For their own sakes , as well as ours , we must in future prevent them from cutting up the geese that lay them golden eggs ,, and protect the geese against tiieir murderous onslaughts . One would have thought that the _Government which had to borrow the last large Irish loan would at least have had the
wisdom ascribed to children who have once been burnt , and said decidedly , nay , to so monstrous a measure as that we have described . Not so Sir W . _Someryillk , while admitting its objectionable character , coolly asked the House of Commons on Wednesday , to affirm its principle by agreeing to the second reading . If it had not been for Mr . Roche manfully speaking against time until with six o ' clock came the adjournment' of the House perforce , there is every probability that this iniquitous bill would have passed that
stage with the sanction of the popular ba _^ SIC _: ofthe Legislature . '¦ As it _isj the Irifl _^^^ , bers must watch it warily for the ' 0 j _& £ _™ _$$ ofthe Session , or a march will b % _s } okn _uppzu the people of that country , and _IheyAwillbe handed over to the tender mercies of my _iiord Westmeath , who looks upon £ 8 , £ 12 , and £ 15 voters as . mere paupers , beneath the contempt of Buch grandees as himseif , and useful only . m as far aa they can he squeezed for rent . The Government have suffered another defeat on the Attorney ' s Certificate Duty Bill . Sir Charles Wood tried to reverse the vote
against him on that point , but failed ; and , We preBume , will have to yield ; though we think with him that , as tbe repeal of the tax will reduce the income by £ 100 , 000 , there are other taxes to that amount which have a preferable claim to be removed . But the whole of our financial system requires , revision . and re-adjustment , and Sir Charles is not the man to effect either . We must wait patiently the advent of a Minister of Finance , with capacity and courage to grapple with such task . In the meantime , the Estimates are being voted , with the , usual quantity of miscel . Ianeous talk / ending with the invariable concession of the money demanded bv the _( W _™
ment . One of the longest of these "talks " arose out of Sir James Brookes' exploits among the alleged Pirates in , the Eastern Archipelago , the consequent demand ofa large amount as head money for their destruction , and various alleged malfeasances in the whole affair , from his appointment , of . Governor of Labuan , down to the present time . It certainly does loolc very , like a job , but the money was voted , as it was for many a job pesideB . John Bull is patient , long-suffering , and cre « , dulous in such matters .. . _:,,,. Mr . WoRTLEr _' s Marriages Bill has at length passed the Commons ,- most likely
_tobem-XTVMi ? 0 : The Metropolitan In . ermente Bill has passed into a _lawVbeing £ _e h _& _rt ? ° ft _« pn , of a generaf wi beneficiaHeBcription , that we can at this _ _ii n _jentcall to _rejection ; Both HoLG 8 _woS _W , andwilicentinue to _^ _i _ESTUS _feeeweekslonger when the curtain irillZ for the Session and we _BhaU then have timS _^ t _? _- _S _^ re 8 ult of »* months' 1 _^ _giwativ © _loauatry _, _" _*
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 20, 1850, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_20071850/page/4/
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