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LAND
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From Preston, Worcester, Ashton, and _ o...
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TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERAT...
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AND NATIONAL TEIdES ) JOURNAL. ___ ¥OL. ...
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THE POLISH LNRURRECTION
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• [Continued from our Seventh Page.] The...
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THE POLISH INSURRECTION. Sarmatia's on h...
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rator Jifumnmttsi
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ADDRESS OF THE CENTRAL ASSOCIATION OF LO...
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National Association of TjNiTEn Trades. ...
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Cftrr&pontttttK
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THE LANCASHIRE MINERS. TO THE EOITOK OP ...
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Sir,—Mr, Ilamer having, in last week's S...
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TIIE TYRANNICAL "COAL KINGS." TO THE EDI...
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Tho General Delegate Meeting of Lancashi...
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AccinusT ox the Maxcukstkr and BlRUlSOHi...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Land
LAND
From Preston, Worcester, Ashton, And _ O...
From Preston , Worcester , Ashton , and _ other places , we have received large remittances for the Land Fund on Fridav morning , too late for publication . "W ementionthis , lestanyan 3 detymayprcvaiI in those districts until the annonncement ofthe respective sams ; and it is not only creditable , cheering , and honourable , but worthy of all commendation , to be able to state that of the numerous working men acting as treasurers and secrecretaries to this enormous fund , not a single farthing has been abstracted , and not a single complaint has ever reached the directors . Who will dare to say , then , that the working-classes are not capable of managing their own affairs ? Note . —It is just as easy to transmit the funds on Thursday morning as on Friday morning ; and again we have to request the observance of this simple rule .
To The Members Of The Chartist Co-Operat...
TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND ASSOCIATION . Mt Deab Fbiexds , —No General , in addressing his troops upon the eve of a sanguinary conflict with their fellow-men about some baubled privilege of their oppressors , ever felt half that pride that I shall feel in addressing you in tho Carpenters' Hall oa Sunday night , the 12 th of April , upon the eve of England ' s regeneration . I am glad to find that a delegate meeting has been called , to assemble at Manchester ou that day . I propose making one ol
the tea party on Good Friday , ia Carpenters' Hall ; and after the ballot on Monday I will address the people of Oldham in their hall . On the whole , next Easter week ought to be the proudest Easier holidays that ever the Lancashire men spent You will see , by Wednesday ' s Summary , tbat I was offered , as a first bid , £ 2 , 000 for the land that cost ns £ 1 , 860 . This , I h ' ope , will give yoa some confidence in my judgment . While , in order that all , even the suspicious , may have confidence in our practice , I and my brothers of the Executive invite their attendance
during the time of taking the ballot in Carpehters' Hall , in order that they may see how the business of the working men is conducted . It would really gladden your hearts to read the _Btnaeroos letters that I receive from all parts of the "kingdom relative to this growing subject . Some persons who hate Chartism , nevertheless use the land project as an argument to prove that it would destroy Chartism . I now tell you what every man in England
knows , thathad it _notbeenfer the Land project , Chartism would have been dead , and the people sold irre-TocaMy to their oppressors . They tried preaching exclusive dealing , speaking , turn-outs , and many other experiments which the poor who work were told was Chartism ; but the Chartist mind of the kingdom had been long seeking the way from the house of bondage , and it only required to have the sure road pointed out , to follow it .
There are a great many collateral subjects yet to betaken into consideration—such as education , insurance company , and loan society—which of course the directors and delegates will enter into at Manchester . Bat there is one subject ofa negative character , which I have before mentioned , and to which I shall again draw your attention ; I mean the insertion of such conditions in each lease as will prevent our new-born moral society relapsing into the filth , depravitv , aad roguery which now characterise
society . I mean , that thereshall beau expressclause against leasing or selling to a banker , a parson , a distiller , a brewer , a pawnbroker , or for the purpose of carrying on the business of selling spirits or malt drink , or leasing to any person practising in any department in the legal profession . This latter condition may appear strange when we have a solicitor for our treasurer ; but we must bear in mind that he is s glorious exception , and that we must not frame our rules upon exceptions .
While I am pent up in a stinking lodging-house for six whole days in the week , I long for a breath of fresh air ; besides , I long to make myself more useful . I long to be surrounded by the little children ofa hundred virtuous labourers—to read to them , to teach them , and to learn from them . I want to see them playing about their own fields , and living upon the industry of their own parents , without being subject to the horrid dominion of tyrant masters . 1 want to be in a situation to invite some Members of Parliament to New England , and I want to be able to show them a hundred freemen of my own making , and their hundred happy families . Well , then , do
you think any monarch on earth will have as good a tight to be proud as 1 shall have when 1 see this first colony ? Does it ever strike you , my friends , of the difficulty of inculcating a knowledge ofa new science in a country at a time when the governing mind of that country was wholly set upon dinnsing metaphysical _knowledge upon a new science of commerce , speculation , and plunder ot every Jdnd ? Do vou ever reflect upon the fact , that five years ago , nay , two years ago , not one in a thousand who are now thirsting after knowledge of agriculture , then knew
anythingabout theJand f And is not this education and progress in the right direction ? While , to those who hare attempted topersuado you that the Land project would kill Chartism , I answer—has their duty as directors prevented the present Executive from discharging their duties to the Chartist body with more profit , activity , and success than those duties were ever performed before the establishment of the Land project ? I tell you that Chartism and Landism are as the Siamese twins , so bound up together in life and interest , that it will be impossible to separate them without endangering the life of both .
Now , I -would ask , what possible peg , except the Land , Chartism can hang its hope upon ? What would possession of representation be if not directed to the emancipation of labour ? And how , in the present state of commerce and manufactures , can labour be free otherwise than by giving to each , in his INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY , the power of exercising his ; _labour , which is his capital , for his own sole benefit ? As soon as this project of ours is ripe for attack , then it will be honoured with discussion ; and don ' t I long to get up as a mere mute upon the platform , and point to the appearance of the free labourer in comparison with the slave ? Don ' t I long to exhibit the innocent children , uncontaminated by rice , brought up under the guardianship of their own parents , as a comparison with those who are brought up tinder the cursed rule of monopoly ?
In the address ofthe Poles , now s truggling for the regeneration of their country , they see the necessity of holding out the expectation of possessing their native soil as an inducement to fight against their oppressors . What a reflection the success of our undertaking will be upon those who have pocketed millions npon millions ofthe poor Irishmen ' s money , while famine ,-pestilence , and death are the only fruits they have reaped from their generosity . Alas ! if all the monies squandered in bombastic patriotism had been expended in the purchase of Irish
land , to be leased for ever to the Irish people , not a sod ofthe country would now be in the possession of theprond alien invader . Ireland might have boasted of a national militia of oue million fighting men , with free hearts and TJNBRANDED ARMS , whoeould not _bejrept prisoners in their owu hovels from an hour ' before sunset till sunrise , and who would be better defenders of theirfaith , their country , and tlioir home ; , " than the sentinels they pay for watching their weakness and taking advantage of their credulity .
"What should be the dearest object of a man's life ? Should it not I * to leave the world better than he found it ? And if I expire after I have located even one hundred men in their own castles , with laud from which none can disinherit them , may I not , after setting an example that nations may follow , saT with my fcvt breath , THANK GOD , I HAVE LEFT
THE WORLD BETTER THAN I FOUND IT ? My friends , the object of most men is to live as wel as they can in this world , regardless of everything _save their own comfort , while my only eomfort and _wjorraent , regardless of Eclf _. _isdevislnsr means for your elevation . 1 shall now take my leave for the present , looking anxiously forward to Easter week when I irii-tto be rewarded for my poor exertions on your behalf . The time for taking possession of the _Rickmanswerlh estate will be duly notified to all who are anxious to Wm in the ceremony , when a Committee will be formed for the purpose of managing the proceedings . I know that thousands are anxious to join in tho jubilee ; and to prove io yoa thut the mind of this country is not depraved , many hundreds who weie in the Labit of making a purse annually to _vitit Ep-
To The Members Of The Chartist Co-Operat...
som races , have determined upon applying it this year in regaling themselves upon the people ' s first estate . Who , then , will say that hours diverted from excessive toil would be devoted to drunkenness and dissipation , if the honest labourer had a , fair inducement to apply them to his own advantage ? As sub-treasurer , I shall be prepared to submit my accounts to the delegates at Manchester , and by that time I hope to be able to shew between £ 6 . 000 and £ 7 , 000 placed to the credit of our treasurer in the bank ; thus , in less than ten months , we shall have realised more than I dared to hope the Society would possess in two years . I remain , my Friends , Tour faithful Friend and Servant , Fbaecds O'Cos . vok .
And National Teides ) Journal. ___ ¥Ol. ...
AND NATIONAL TEIdES JOURNAL . ___ ¥ OL . X . NO . 436- "" LONDON , _SATURBAyTmUCH 21 , 1846 . _^^^ _LT ~ _-
Ar00116
The Polish Lnrurrection
THE POLISH LNRURRECTION
• [Continued From Our Seventh Page.] The...
• [ Continued from our Seventh Page . ] The Universal German Gazette publishes accounts from Posen of the 11 th instant . All the small towns ofthe Grand Dachy had been occupied by the military . The Catholic college of Pryemezno had been closed by the authorities in consequence ot a revolutionary spirit having been found to exist in it . Prisoners were daily being brought into the town . One half of the persons arrested are said to have been sent into Silesia . Itwas reported that the Russian and Austrian troops in Cracow could not agree , and that the cMicuu were treated witfi great _seuctity . The government alone issued passports . Paris , _'ftjesdat . The journals contain no new facts of importance ou the subject ofthe Polish insurrection . The absence of correct and detailed information on the affair occasions general surprise in Paris .
The Reforme observes , that— " If the Polish insurrection had been suppressed , the northern governments would have hastened to announce it with great pomp . If the insurrection was suppressed , the Austrians would not be obliged to seud 4 . 0 . 000 men into Gallicia . Iftheinsunectienhad been suppressed , we should have been told what had become of the insurrectionary columns whose march is attested by their bold action . We should have been told that one column was defeated on such a day , or that it had been compelled to lay down its arms . The names oi the victorious generals would have been announced , and we should have known the number of victims . The organizers ofthe massacres at Tarnow would not have scrupled to terrify _fhe population by sanguinary executions . " Prince Adam Czartoryski had arrived at Brussels from Paris . Paius , Wbdxesdat .
THE INSURRECTION NOT PUT DOWNPROGRESS . The Reforme states that the accounts received relative to the . Polish Insurrection are but few , but that they are excellent : — ' The movement in Samogitia and in Courland is confirmed . ' _« At Prague , " says the Augsburg Gazette , " the Poles who were studying in that city all disappeared , with the exception of two . " A letter from Breslau , dated the 10 th instant , relates , that during an engagement which took place on the frontiers of Russia , _sevural soldiers of Polish origin quitted the Russian ranks and joined the insurgents . The Gazette of Voss contains a letter , dated _Kcenigabwrg , the 7 th instant , which announces that the Polish insurgents crossed the Prussian frontier near Ortelsbourff , and captured 706 muskets in that town . This fact proves that the insurrection was making ; progress in Poland .
The executive committee appointed to administer the subscriptions received by the National and the Reforme to aid the Polish insurgents _^ publishes an address to the Poles , recommending them to unite in whatever country they may have been cast by the storms of revolution , and to form bat one band . ThS committee next reminds the French nation that 400 , 000 Poles died on tbe field of battle fighting heroically with France against coalesced Eurqpc , _' and calls on the country to aid their descendants in their present slorious struggle . The A * atio » aZstates that the subscriptions received for the Polish insurgents by the Paris journals , together with 43 provincial journals , amount . to a sum of 88 , _52 Sf . She . An address signed by about 400 Polish refugees , was distributed on Tuesday to the Peers and Deputies . In this address the sympathy of the members of the two Chambers in behalf ofthe Polish cause is warmly appealed to .
The performances at the theatre of Toulouse were interrupted on the 14 th by anumber of persons calling for and singing in chorus the Marseillaise and tbe Varsoviame . The disturbance at length became so violent tbat the curtain was dropped , and alter the arrest of some of the perturbators , the theatre was cleared by the police .
The Polish Insurrection. Sarmatia's On H...
THE POLISH INSURRECTION . _Sarmatia ' s on her way , To take her stand , And wield her brand , ( As iu the ancient day . MEETIXG OF THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY . On Saturday evening , March Hth , the members of the " German Democratic Society for the Instruction ofthe Working Classes , " held a special meeting in their room , Great Windmill-street , for the purpose of considering the important struggle going on in Poland , and expressing their sympathy with the gallant Polish patriots . The room was most inconveniently crowded , and the most earnest interest exhibited by all present . The meeting was addressed by several speakers , who detailed the progress of the
insurrection , and the noble stand made by the patriots in Cracow and other parts of Poland . The proposition to commence a subscription in support of the Poles was received with the utmost enthusiasm , and the sum of four pounds ten shillings and _rixpence was immediately contributed by the members present . Besides which the members declared themselves ready to make any and every sacrifice to serve the cause of liberty , and promote the triumph of their Polish brethren . The events in Poland have excited a great sensation amongst the German democrats in London . . t -l
MEETING OF THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS . On Sunday evening , March 15 th , the usual meeting of this body was holden in the above room , which was crowded with . democrats belonging to nearly all tha states of Europe . About half-past six o ' clock , John Shaw was called to the chair , and briefly opened the proceedings . For the purpose of maintaining the character of the assembly , and preventing the intrusion of improper persons . A resolution was proposed , seconded , and unanimously adopted to the effect , tbat the names of the fraternal democrats be enrolled ; that after the present meeting , persons wishing to join the assembly shall be admitted only upon the recommendation of two members , sanctioned by the rote of a majority ; but that each member may introduce a frieud on giving his name to the chairman , such friend not to be allowed to take any part in
the proceedings so long as lie is not a member . Any " rules or regulations , " excepting the above , were deemed to bu unnecessary , as was also any Iked payments , it being thought that money was unnecessary except for special purposes , when voluntary contributions would be sufficient , each democrat contributing according to his means . On the question of appointing officers , it was considered that neither council nor committee was necessary , the " Fraternal Democrats" not being a society or party , but merely an _assemblage of men belonging to different countries , for the purpose of mutual information . The appointment of permanent secretaries for the purpose of authenticating all docuintnts issued to the public , was , however , considered necessary , and six secretaries were elected— British , German , French , Slavonian , Scandinavian , aud Swiss .
G . Jlliak Habnkt reported , that in accordance with the instructions of the previous meeting , th * "Address to the Working Classes of Great Britain and the United States" had been sent to a number ol the British journa's , including all the London daih papers , and that the only journal which had published the address was the _Nortliern Star , ( llear , hear . ) The address had also been sent to several Americai journals . De had tbe pleasure to inform _theineetiiij ! that , as some compensation for tlie shameful conduct ofthe London press , he had received a letter from ai eminent literary character , whose name was me merely English " but European , indeed was knowi and admired throughout the civilised world . G . J . _Dread the letter , which warmly extolled tho" Address . ' The letter elicited much applause . _CuAiiLEs Keen * then proposed the following resolution : —
That the Xorthern Star having published the " Address of tho Fraternal Democrats to the People of Great Uritain and the United States , " is entitled to our thanks ; and that paper _being the only- uue that has given publicity to the said address , j s a „ _additional reason for us _recoin--lien-mix it to the Hurting _rhisscs of Europe as a true re prcseutativtt ot democratic _piinri-iles .
The Polish Insurrection. Sarmatia's On H...
Carl _SciiAPMRjseconded the resolution , whieh was unanimously adopted . G . Julias _Habnet said , that at the previous meeting he had given notice of his intention to bring before the present assembly the . subject of "the War in India . " Circumstances , however , rendered it necessary to postpone that subject , and instead , to take into consideration the insurrection in unhappy Poland . ( Hear , hear . ) G . J . H . then commented at considerable length on the facts of the insurrection , in the course of which he highly praised tbe manifesto issued by the Provisional Government at Cracow , as being based on principles which alone could render the Poles free , great , and lumpy . He
concluded by proposing , " That it is highly desirable that a public manifestation on the part of the British people , of sympathy with the Polish patriots , be exhibited as speedily as possible ; and that this meeting commence a subscription iorthwith . " CAnL ScHArmR seconded the motion . He spoke at some length on the wrongs of Poland , and the duty of all true democrats giving their hearty support to the Polish patriots . He concluded by announcing that the German _Socioty had commenced a subscription on the previous evening , and that although all the members were working men , and many of them out of employment , they had already contributed four pounds ten shillings and sixpence . ( Great applause . )
A subscription was then entered into , and £ 2 2 s . 3 d . collected . It should be stated tbat all the Fraternal Democrats are working men , and many of them , as members of tbe German Society , had _contributcjd on the previous evening . An eminent Polish refugee next addressed the meeting , thanking the democrats for their sympathy , and assuring them that the presentrevolntion , it _suecessful , would result in the triumph of democratic principles . Caul _Schapprr said , that as the monies contributed in France for the Polish cause were sent to the public journals which advocated the cause , he proposed , therefore , tbat the monies contributed at this meeting should be sent to the Northern Star , the proprietor of which paper should be requested to hold the monies as treasurer . He was authorised to say that the members of the German Society would also send to the Northern Star the money contributed by them . ( Applause . ) Brother Moll seconded the motion , which was unanimously adopted .
It was announced that the South London Chartists were already be 8 _tirringthemselves , andcoiitemplatetl holding a meeting on an early day in support of the Polish cause . This annonncement was warmly received , and a _. deputation was appointed to otfer the co-operation of tbe Fraternal . Democrats . . The meeting then adjourned till Tuesday evening .
MEETING OF THK FRENCH DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY * . At the usual weekly meeting ofthe French Democratic Society , held in the above room , on Monday evening , March 16 th , the subject of the insurrection of Poland was brought under the consideration of the members , who testified the greatest enthusiasm in bthalf of . their Polish brethren , A subscription was commenced , and two pounds ten shillings subscribed . Vive la _Poloane !
ADJOURNED MEETING OF TIIE FRATERNAL DEMOCtfATS . On Tuesday evening the adjourned meeting took place , John Moy in the chair . G . J . Harney ( one of the secretaries ) read the minutes of the previous meeting , which , on the motion of Messrs . Keen and Dunnage , were confirmed . G . J . H . then reported several facts connected with the progress ef the struggle in Poland , which excited much interest . _, _*' Carl _Schapper , on behalf of the deputation appointed at the previous meeting to wait on F . O ' Connor , Esq ., with the monies collected by the Fraternal Democrats and the German and French Societies , reported their interview wi h Mr . O'Coi _.-nor . Tbe report gave great satisfaction .
Charles Keek reported his interview with the South London Chartists , a number of whom were now present .- - Itwas also announced that _Messrs . Doyle and Wheeler , of the Chartist Executive Committee , were present . Mr . Knight , of the South London Chartist locality , _addressed the meeting , tendering the co-operation of his brother Chartists , and offering the use ol the South London Hall for a meeting in support ol the Polish cause . ( Loud cheers . )
Mr . _DftVLE suggested that the offer of the South London Chartists should be accepted , and the first meeting for Poland be holden in the South London Hall on Monday evening next . * Mr . Wheeler suggested that the first meeting should be bolden at the Crown and Anchor . _^ \ , , After some discussion , Henry Ross proposed , seconded by Mr . Wheeler , that a committee be appointed to get up a public meeting at the Crown and Anchor , on Wednesday evening , March 35 th . Carried .
The following persons , selected from the Fraternal Democrats and the London Chartists , including the members of the Executive , were then elected a committee , with power to add to their number : — Messrs . Schapper , O'Connor , Harney , Doyie , Wheeler , M _* Grath , Clark , Michelot , Holm , Nenieth . Huber , Ro _^ s , Keen , Dunnage , Bauer , Habere , Fontaine , Knight ; Andrews , Fletcher , Milne , Murdcn , Ilewctt , I . Dunnage , Ridley , Souter . Shaw , Cutfay , Sampson , Skelton , Stallwood , Pakcs , Moll , and Dr . Bowkett . On the motion of Carl Schapper , a vote of thanks was passed bv acclamation to i . O'Connor , Esq , and the other members of the Chartist Executive . G . J . Harsky proposed , " That we respectfully request the Executive Committee of the National Charter Association to address the British people in behalf of our Polish brethren . " Carried . Mr . Dovlb replied , assuring the meeting of the hearty _ce-operatien of the Executive . ( Cheers . )
It was then resolved , that an address be issued by the Fraternal Democrats to the British people . The address will be found below . The meeting then adjourned . [ In the course of the evening < a deputation from a Foreign Philanthropic Trade Society , meeting at the White Horse , Archer-street , attended to report tbat they had collected £ 1 Gs . " for the Polish cause . Late in the evening another deputation arrived from a number of foreign friends who are in the habit of meeting for social enjoyment , and who had collected the sum ef £ 3 17 s . for the Poles , intending to add to that sum . The announcements made by the two deputations excited great enthusiasm . " ] ADDRESS OF THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS ASSEMBLING IN LONDON , TO THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN . " All men are brethren . "
_Friexos A _» n Broth Ens , —The long-oppressed , long-suffering Polish people are again in arms for the recovery of their independence and liberty . The wrongs of bleeding Poland plead "trumpettongued" for your sympathy for her gallant children . Our fathers basely permitted an act of injustice which will for ever remain the shame of the eighteenth century , —the dismemberment of Poland . The present generation are commanded by every principle of justice to aid the gallant Polish people in redeeming the crimes and _errois ofthe past .
When , in 1830 , the Poles rose against the Muscovite miscreant , your sympathies were immediately awakened and warmly expressed . But , unfortunately , you were at that time led by a mock-liberal government , who , affecting to adopt the policy of peace and non-intervention , made that policy the pretext for withholding from Poland that efficient aid you would generously have accorded . At that time the great body ofthe people—the proletarianstook part in political questions merely as the blind instruments of the classes above them . Ambitious aristocrats and scheming bourgeoisie excited the people by party cries and factious watchwords to expend their strength in the pursuit of delusive measures , whieh , when obtained , gave to a few aristocrats place , and to the bourgeoisie power , but which were worse than valueless _' to the proletarians . Your
position is now very different . You are no longer under the leadership of the middle class * , you lead yourselves . You have now orators of your own . Governments are constrained to at least treat your sentiments with respect , and no decided public opinion can be created without your sentiments being largely represented therein . Working men of Britain , you have now a power that you possessed not in 1 S 80 ; we appeal to you to exercise that power in behalf of unhappy Poland . We appeal to all classes of the British people to _tive their sympathy and assistance to the Polish cause ; but we appeal to the proletarians specially , because the cause of Democratic Poland is their eiiiise ; and because bitter experience convinces us that the cause of genuine liberty in Poland has but few , very few friends among the privileged classes of ( his country .
It is not necessary that wc should dwell on the horrors of despotic rule in Polaud . Despite Siberia aud Spielberg , the llussian knout aud the German censorship , the abominations of tyranny ooze out ; and scarcely a day passes that Western Europe is not horrified at the recital of atrocities committed by the Tsar aud his worthy partners in tyranny , the _Kasirs of Austria and Prussia . Remember , Britons , that besides the thousands who have perished in battle and by the miseries engendered by war , besides these , ' innumerable victims have been judicially mur-
The Polish Insurrection. Sarmatia's On H...
dered , or indiscriminately massacred , _lhat thousands of Poland ' s sons have suffered more than death in being reduced to slavery in the ice-bound wastes of Siberia , or compelled to serve'their tyrant in the ranks _&'' bis artiid * slaves ; That thousands . have been driven into " exile , many of them perishing of want or by suicide . That even women and children have been subjected to the most hellish barbarities , too horrible to be described . Remember these things ; remember that the religion , language , literature , customs , manners , and feelings of the Polish people have been systematically and ceaselessly outraged ; and ask yourselves , is it not a sacred duty enjoined upon you , and the people of Europe generally , to bring this reign of crime and wrong to an end ? . If you ask what can you do ? , we answer , thunder
in the ears of the government your will , that tliey should save Poland from the robber , the tyrant , and the executioner . In that you may not succeed , bocause the government is not the government of the British people ; but you will at least prove to Europe that if Poland is enslaved it is not with your consent . Prove your sympathy with the Polish people , not merely by speech-making and petitions ' , but also by pecuniary contributions for the promotion of the good cause . In specially appealing to the working classes wc are not unmindful of their poverty , and tbe many claims upon their generous feelings , but the pennies of the proletarians will be welcomed as gratefully by every Pole as though tliose pennies were pounds ; for , whether small or large , the contributions will evidence your sympathy .
Our German and French brothers are united with us in this demonstration . The members of the _Executive Committee of the National Charter Association have offered their generous co-operatibh' The 'Chartists of London have already exhibited the best spirit , and , simultaneously with ourselves , hare taken up this important question . A committee has been formed , embracing the members of the Chartist Executive , and next week will see the commencement of a series of demonstrations in London , ofa t iioroughly democratic character , which , if followed up by the people of Britain generally , cannot fail to greatly influence the fortunes of Poland . People of Great Britain , we request you to hold public meetings in support of the Polish cause . We
request you to contribute your pecuniary aid , and . to transmit all sums collected to the Northern Star . In Germany , the people everywhere sympathise with Poland , and can with difficulty be restrained from uniting with the Poles in combatting against their oppressors . In France , the most generous * ympathy is manifested by all classes . In Britain , let the like spirit be exhibited . Fling away 1 ' rem you the reproach that you are " a nation ol shopkeepers . " Show that you are a nation of patriots , whose patriotism is not that of selfishness , but of humanity , not confined to yourselves , but embracing the whole human race . Poland appeals to the world for succour , let not the people of Britain be the last to aid . Forwards '
Signed by the Secretaries , G . Julian Harnky . CaKI . ScHAWEK . Jean _Auoustwh _Miouelot Peter Holm . _HkINBIECH HUBEB . — Nemeth .
Rator Jifumnmttsi
rator _Jifumnmttsi
Address Of The Central Association Of Lo...
ADDRESS OF THE CENTRAL ASSOCIATION OF LONDON TRADES , To the Societies and Operatives generally of Great Britain and Ireland , in behalf of the Carpenters and Joiners of Manchester and its Vicinity . Fellow Workmen , —In appealing to you for support in behalf of the carpenters and joiners of Manchester , we deem it necessary to give a brief statement of their position and the causes that led to the present strike . The carpenters of Manchester have for many years had an established rule to work fifty-nine hours per week in the summer and fifty-two in the winter .
For the last two years the employers have been agitating the question of an equalization of the hours throughout the year , by which means the fluctuations that have existed in the trade , and have been so injurious both to theemployerand the employed , should be obvjated ; they , ther efore , with the workmen unanimously agreed in autumn last , that this desirable object should be carried into effect by commencin » work at seven o ' clock on the mornings of Monday and at six every other morning during the week , and leave work at six each evening except Saturday , then to leave off at twelve at noon , making fifty-seven hours per week the year round ; to this arrangement they Have adhered throughout this winter .
The workmen knowing that their trade was in a flourishing state , and consequently an advance of wages had been given in many districts , and knowing also that In other trades an increase of wages had been effected , or the hours of labour curtailed , tliey gave notice to their employers on the 1 st of January for an advance of sixpence per day , to commence on the 1 st of March . To which notice they received no answer until they were invited by advertisement to attend a meeting of the employers , held on February 27 th , 1816 when , after the deputation had waited four hours , the following note' was handed to them , " tke em . plovers refusing them an audience : "—. ASSWEK OF THE CABrENTKRS AXD JOINERS IO THE
_nEPUTATION OF JOURNEYMEN . " That in consideration of the working hours being as follows , viz .: —Sixty hours during the week the year round , with the exception of the outdoor hands , who shall work from light to dark in winter , the pay to begin at four o ' clock on Saturday as formerly . " The masters are willing- on the above conditions to give the journeymen carpenters and joiners an advance of 2 s . per week . "—Albion Hotel , Felruaru 27 , 1816 . The proposition of the employers , when submitted to the journeymen , was unanimously rejected by
them , well knowing the great evil ol increasing the number of working hours , and thoreby producing a surplus in the labour market . The consequence was the wholo of the men agreed to turn out on the Monday , when sixty of the smaller employers immediately gave the advanced wages , and the men are at work ; but the larger masters being combined together in an association , and trusting more to their long purses than tho justice of their cause , refuse to alter their decision . There arc consequently 1 , 300 men out , on strike at the present time .
The Central Association having given a short review of the present position of the Manchester Carpenters ( who have ever been ready to render assistance in similar cases ) , beg most earnestly to appeal to the working classes throughout the United Kingdom in their behalf , trusting that they win generously lend their utmost assistance to enable this deserving body of men to obtain what they are now justly struggling for—viz ., a fair remuneration for their toil , and to prevent an increase of the hours of labour . By order of the Association , JonN _Busu . Carpenter , Chairman .
Thomas Bakratt , Corkcutter , Secretary . Since the above was in type , the masters in the other branches of the building trades have discharged all their men , to prevent them assisting tho carpenters . All communications to be made to Mr . John Bush , No . 1 , York-street , York-road , London ; or to Mr . James Levcns , 17 , Devonshire-street , Huline , Manchester .
National Association Of Tjniten Trades. ...
National Association of TjNiTEn Trades . — The central committee met at the Trades' Office , 30 , Hyde-street , _Bloomsbury , on Monday , March lGth , T . S . Duncombe , M . P ., in the chair . Letters were read from Mr . Goldin , of Manchester , stating that an attempt had been made to get up a Masters' Association in opposition to tlie United Trades' Association which had proved a complete failure . From Mr . Forest _. stating that the chain-cable makers of Cradley , near Stourbridge , S 00 in number , were desirous ol joining the association , and asking the necessary information for that purpose . From Mr . P . Mooro , stating that the weavers' of York were desirous ol joining the association , and desiring tlie necessary information . From Mr . Heard , sending the adhesion of the stockingers of Nottingham , with their lirst month ' s subscription . From Mr . Piatt , inclosing the adhoion ot" the silk glovemakers ol" Dullield .
From Mr . Felkin , thanking Mr . J . Bush lor his visit to Mansfield . From Mr . Scott , expressing the desire ofthe factory liandloom-weavcrs of Glasgow to become a portion of the association . From Mr . Major , conveying the adhesion of tho cabinet makers , chair makers , carvers , joiners , and upholsterers of Bath . From Messrs . T . Winters and Bucksby _, containing the adhesion of 360 framework-knitters of Leicester , together with their first mouth ' s subscription , also stating that they had iittentlcd a public meeting , held at Oadby , at which a resolution was unanimously passed by the "knitters" of that town to joiu the association . From Mr . _Itcatheocl ' , announcing a great increase of members on behalf of the horse nuil-makers ot * Lye . From Mr . Saunt , announcin !; the adhesion of the framework-knitters of Sncntm > , acompanied with two months' subscription . From Mr . Elmer , slating the desire ol" the carpenters and joiners ot" Halifax to join tho National
National Association Of Tjniten Trades. ...
Association oi United Trades ., After the transaction ot a considerable deal of business , the worthy president declared the meeting adjourned . The Sthire of the _Joisebs and Bmcki . at . ebb is Manchester . —In consequence of the slaters , plumber ? , glaziers , ' plasterers , and painters , with their labourer * , having been called upon for levies in support of the turnouts in the other branches of the bulling trades , to which calls thej had responded , the master builders of Mail-Chester havo fait obliged , in order to _brin- ; the struggle to apeedy termination , to suspend building operations entirely ; and since Saturday evening , the 7 th instant , the whole of the men employed in tha buildinit trades hnva heen out of employment . The joiners and carpenters , toeether with the masons , some time since obtained a
reduction in thehour 6 of labour , having been permitted to leave off work at noon on Saturdays , and to resume , employment at seven o _' cotk on Mondays , instead of six , ns on ever , y other day of the week , The demand now made is for 3 s . per week extra wages . The _mnsters have offered 2 s . extra per week , if the nun will return to their old hours : this has been refused . —Liverpool Times , The Belfast . Shoemakers . _—Mestinq at _Halivak . —A public meeting of the trades was held on Monday evening last , in the Working Man ' s Hall , _Hulifax , to take into consideration the case of the _operatire _nhoeroakera of _ISelfast' to enlist " the sympathy of the trades in their favour , aud give thut _pucuniary assistance necessary enable them to withstand tho tyrannical project of the masters to break up the union and lay labour prostrate iu the dust . Mr . Beaumont , shoemaker , was called to
the chair . Mr . \ v . Wallace , shoemaker , moved the first resolution , and explained the conduct of masters and the situation of the me . " ¦ and calhd upon his fellow-workmen to come forward and render them all the assistance in _tl-eir power . Mr . Furniss , shoemaker , seconded the _«• solution , which was supported by Mr . B . Rushton , handloom weaver , and carried unanimously . Ifr . IVebber , woolcomber , moved the second resolution , and called upon the working men to be united . Seconded by Mr . Swallow , shoemaker , and ably supported by Mr . Bald win , woolcomber . Carried unanimously . Mr . Evans , shoemaker , moved the third resolution , which was seconded by Mr . Smith , shoemaker . Carried unanimously . Mr Crossland , liandloom weaver , moved the fourth resolution , which was seconded by Mr . _Kirtrvhistle , and carried unanimously . Thanks were given to tbe chairman , and the meeting separated .
The Londos Societies or _Carpenters have had meetings most nights during the week to adopt means to support their Manchester brethren , and have generally voted money for their support .
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The Lancashire Miners. To The Eoitok Op ...
THE LANCASHIRE MINERS . TO THE EOITOK OP THE _KOmilKKN _BTAU . RBSPBCTEn Sin , —A letter appeared in your last week ' s paper signed by a person of the name of Richard h amer , who , it appears , resides at _Radcliffe-bridge .. . This letter , as well as your own remarks , calls for a few brief observations from me . Mr . Tliamer states , that a resolution was passed at the Bolton delegate meeting , not to send tho Miners ' proceedings to the Star , Now , sir , if Mr . Ilamer means the county delegate meeting , whieh took place about the time to which he alludes , I can assure him he has been most grossly imposed upon by the parties who gave him his information . I was present at the meeting . I have a copy of the resolutions , and 1 now emphatically and unequivocally
declare , that no such resolution was passed , or even proposed at that meeting ; it is no wonder the delegate from Radcliffe knew nothing about it , for it never had an existence , it was never even contemplated . " Oh , but , " says Mr . Hamer , " tho Star was secretly burked . " This statement is utterly false . The Miners of Lancashire hold no secret meetings , and it is well known the large room ofthe fleece Inn wks crowded during the whole time ; the delegates were deliberating upon the various subjects brought before them . 1 feel confident , from the little knowledge I have of Mr . Ilamer , that he is incapable of publishing a deliberate lie ; and I again repeat , he has suffered himself to be misled by partics having some base object in view , and who are
now laughing in their sleeves at his credulity , with respect to parties giving up the Star , I am not prepared to apeak so decidedly ; but those I have conversed with , all declare they did not give up the paper from any motives of dislike or ill-feeling , but solely on account of their being unable'to pay for it , through extreme poverty . With respect to Mr . Martin Jude being acquainted with such a _resolu tion of the Lancashire delegates , or taking part with them in a conspiracy against the Star , no one who knows him will , for a moment , believe ; and for tho satisfaction of those wno do not know him , I ' must again repeat , no such resolution was passed , therefore he could not be acquainted with it ; and as to his taking part in a conspiracy against a paper ,
regularly and consistently advocating the rights ot industry , it is too preposterous for even his enemies to swallow , Mr . Jude has suffered much , both in puree and mind , from his own advocacy of the cause of labour , . and I am confident he would suffer his right hand to be severed from his body before he would be a conspirator against the Northern Star . Now , sir , ai to your own remarks upon _, Mr . iiamer ' s letter . You say , you make no complaint of the conspiracy , but the working men who have been made tlie victims of it will demand an explanation from their delegates . There is no doubt tliey would have done so ere this , had they not known their delegates entered into no such conspiracy . You further state ,
you have been warned more than once what was going on in certain quarters , bnt abstained from noticing it until goaded by the very parties who treacherously , forbade communication with the Star , and then taunted you with neglect . Really , sir , I am surprised—a conspiracy going on for some time , and the leading conspirators recommending their constituents to become subscribers to the very paperthey were striving to burke , some of them having taken it . from its commencement , and all of them haying repeatedly , expressed their gratitude to iti proprietor for his gratuitous insertion of their proceedings , as well as his disinterested advocacy of their cause ! If this be conspiracy , I am proud of being a conspivator , and I am sure the lecturers and other officials of the
Miners' Association will all of them glory in the appellation . No , sir , " there is not , there never wa > , auy conspiracy to injure the circulation of the Star by any the smallest portion of the leading men in the Miners' Association , at least , so far as Lancashire is concerned ( let other counties answer for themselves ) ; and I think , sir , you are much to blame in giving credence to reports connected with Trades ' Unions without inquiring as to the truth of such reports . Had you given mc tho slightest intimation that any one was poisoning your mind with such falsehoods , I would have immediately defied tho parties to the proof , and the present controversy would have been avoided . You say , you were taunted by the parties who treacherously forbade communication ! being
sent to you lor insertion , & c _. lo this , 1 answer , I never was forbade to send any correspondence to you . And now I will explain the reason why the fact of the men ' s being thrown out of . employ was not sent for publication . The men who were thi _« wmout thought no publicity should be given to that fact—at least for a mort time—as it might be the means of injuring them , by bringing others into the county . Acting upon this suggestion , I did not send anything about the matter to any one portion of the public press , not even to the Miners' Advocate . I knew very well if an account thereof had appeared in the Northern Star , or even in the Advoiatt , and a great number of men had come and taken work in the pits , it would have b . en said , this is all owing to the publicity given to our being out . In conclusion , I have only to reiterate what 1 hare before stated . There never was any secret meetings of the delegates connected with the Miners' Association in Lancashire
there never was any conspiracy among the loaders of the miners of Lancashire to burke tho & ar , or eron injure its circulation -, there never was a resolution passed at the . Bolton County Delegate Meeting , or elsewhere , prohibiting correspondence with the editor of the Star ; and , once again , I repeat , the only reason why an account of the men ' s being out was not sent to the Star oflice , arose solely from my acting on their own suggestion , that no publicity should be given to tho circumstance—at least tor a slie-rt time—as it might injure them by causing an influx of men . In this they were mistaken * , but it is monstrous the delegates should be blamed and called conspirators , merely because the fact of the men's being out was not sent for publication . With the same justice they might be charged with conspiring against their own . paper , as nothing was sent relative to the men ' s being out to the editor of the Miners' Advocate . —lam , sir , on behalf of the miners of Lancashire , yours respectfully , . Wm . GnocoTT , County Secretary .
Sir,—Mr, Ilamer Having, In Last Week's S...
Sir , —Mr , Ilamer having , in last week's Star , _Arawn your attention to tho admission , in my letter of the preceding week , that the seven individuals would have been spared the trouble of coining to supersede the miners on strike if they had , on searching the Star , found any report of the said strike therein , anil remarks , if seven why not seven hundred ? " 1 will not retaliate by giving a contrary opinion , because it is hard to tell where the following nit of such a course might lead us to ; bandying opinions answer no good end in such { cases . Hut I
Sir,—Mr, Ilamer Having, In Last Week's S...
shall proceed to inform Mr . Ilamer , through the medium of the Star , that he is altogether wrong when he infers that 1 had a knowledge ot the resolutions so passed at the Bolton meeting . I smcere . y _doilare that no such resolutions were stint here , nor had we any intimation of their passing such resolutions ; butwe had ( and it was that alone whicli gave us any . knowledge of the desire of the leading men in Lancashire ) letters coming frequently , in which it was stated that we ought to make it known as little as possible in onr neighbourhood , lest any person ' s should take advantage of the same , and speed their way to the place so named ; therefore , -Mr . Hamer has wronged me , so far ay he wished to make the inference a very truth . Trusting that you will insert the above in the forthcoming Star , 1 remain yours , & c . M . Jude . Newca » tle-on-Tyne , March 10 , 1846 .
Tiie Tyrannical "Coal Kings." To The Edi...
TIIE TYRANNICAL "COAL KINGS . " TO THE EDITOR OP THE SOHTHERX STAB . _Rksi'Kctko Sir , —Allow me , through the pages of _«^ the working man ' s paper , to draw the attention of _\\ the miners of Great Britain , and the publie generally , to the following acts of fraud and oppression which V have recently been enacted by _ a Mr . ilenry Jackson , \ coal-owner , of _Barmnor Colliery ( commonly called _liiteaboiit ) , in the Berwick district . The men here work under a yearly bond , extending from Whitsuntide to Whitsuntide , without reference to the month ; and the prices which they are to be paid are generally inserted ( or should be ) in tjie bond . The miners are no parties to the drawing up of , in any cases , these infamous bonds . The owners , or their ' ' _Jacksin-office _, " draw them up , and the men are compelled
to agree to them or lose then- employment . Indeed , I am informed by tho men tbat , for years together , the bonds , at some collieries in this district , were never read to the men at all ! Thus the men were compelled to hire to a bond which tuey knew nothing about I Yet these are called " Christian masters "" good members of society" —are" respectable " (?) , and without doubt would start back with horror it ' told they wore robbing their workmen and living by fraud . Let us look further into this . At the last binding ( 184 , 5 ) the men generally in this district obtained a small advance of wages , 3 d . per "darg " ( day's work ) , and the masters , in consequence , rose the price of coals to the public Old . per boll , slating that they were compelled to do this beca' _-se tney had
risen their men s wages ! Now , an average " darg " is 48 bolls ; id . advance on 48 bolls would be 2 s ., therefore the masters—kind , _beuevolentKOuls—purely out of love to the colliers , quietly pocketed ls . Od . of the advance given by the public , ami gave their slaves , as their share , 3 d . ! Yet they were compelled to raise their coals one halfpenny per boll , because they had advanced the colliers' wages 3 d . per day I In other words , tbey obtained seven-eighths of the advance from the public , and allowed their men oneeighth ! Besides this , the men are subjected to repeated fines and forfeitures , by which their hardearned wages are materially diminished . Let me now return to Mr . Jackson . At his _Jast binding ( Whitsuntide , 1845 ) he agreed to pay ls . 6 d . per yard
lor " drift work , and 2 d . per day extra tor wet work , yet he has only paid , all the year , ls . per yard for tlie water-head drift , and—nothing for wet work ! The men have lately discovered that it is inserted in the bond , "that ls . 6 d . per yard be paid for all drift work , and 2 d . per day extra for aWwet work ; " , as a natural consequence , the uien have crumbled , and hard words have passed , and ill feelings have been engendered between master and men . So lately—to punish , I suppose , his complaining workmen—he took the horse out of the gin by which the men are drawn up and let down _theshaft , and thus left the poor fellows in this pitiable condition , helpless , cold , and dripping with wet , in the bowels of the earth 1 The men theu began to work their way out
( every moment in danger of their lives ) through old workings , _worked twenty years ago , in danger at every step of being suffecatod with "black damp " ( carbonic acid gas ) , till at length they reached the " rise pit , " where they found a rope hanging to a windlass above . This rope wan wet , mouldy , and they feared rotten , but on trying it , to their great joy , thoy found it sufficiently strong to bear a man . The next ditiiculy was to climb the rope . After several failures this was accomplished by a boy , with the assistance of the men pushing him up from below with pieces of timber ; but when lie got to bank he was notable to wind up a man , so he ran off to a cottage for assistance , and by the aid of a pitman ' s widow one man was wound up , who soon assisted his brethren up .
Thus were these ill-used men rescued from their perileus situation . 1 dare not trust myself to comment on this unfeeling , brutal conduct of Mr . Jackson ; and I the more readily refrain , as he will soon have to _aniswer for the same to tho laws of his country . However , let the public note well these facts , and draw their own conclusions . Besides the above , Mr . Jackson has , lor two years past , been violating and setting at deliance the 5 th and Oth Victoria , cap . 99 , clause 8 , by which he had forfeited not more than £ 50 , nor less than £ 20 , for each offence . This Act is commonly called " Lord Ashley ' s Act ; " and it states that no coalowner shall employ any other than a male of the age of fifteen and upwards , in the management of
a gin , windlass , engine , < fcc , by which men are drawn up and let down a shaft ; yet this Mr . Jackson has , and is now , employing two boys at pits as gin-drivers—one only nine , and the other not thirteen years of age 1 The latter , too , has been employed as gin-driver two years . Now , will it be believed , __ that on these men applying for redress to the magistrates , that the Northumberland magnates refused cither to grant summonsos or to receive informations ? But it was even so ! The magistrates , four in number , refused to inter / ere . They told the men to go home aud settle it with their master—they were none the worse for being left in the pit ( nor for being robbed of their wages , I suppose !) , for none of them were killed ! So , it appears pitmen are not to obtain _justice—until some of them are killed !! Bnt , as the whole case is now placed in the hands of W . P . Roberts , Esq .,
the miners' able and indefatigable attorney , I refrain from further comment . He , without doubt , will shortly teach both magistrates mid master that justice is not to be withheld to please a coalking , nor men ' s lives be endangered , or their wages unlawfully stopped , without redress . A mandamus is rather a curious thing for magistrates , and indictments and actions are rather puzzling things for even coal kings . The following are the names of the magistrates who refused to act .- —Henry Gregson , Esq ., of Ford Rectory ; Rev . Christopher Robertson , of Kirknewton ; MattheT Cully , Esq ., Fowberry-hall ; and George Hughes , Esq ., of Middleton-hall—all in the county of Northumberland . I may here state that Mr . Gregson ( or Knight ) strongly advised the men , above all things , to have nothing to do with me , but especially with Mr . Roberts ! Trusting you will insert this in the Star , I am , dear sir , respectfully yours ,
Wm . Damells , Ed . - ¥ . A . Spittal , nearBerwick-on-Tweed _, March 10 th , ' 1 S 40 . P . S . —I should have stated that when the master left the men in the pit lie knew the pump ' tng-engina was broke , and , consequently , the water was " making , " as it is called , in the pit * , indeed it was then only about five feet from the bottom of the shaft ! lie also well knew _thera was an " old wast , " eight fathoms deep , above the men ' s heads , and that the removal of a single stone by the men , in their efforts to _eBcape , would bring in this sea of water upon them , and thus cause tho certain death of the whole pit ' s crew !
Tho General Delegate Meeting Of Lancashi...
Tho General Delegate Meeting of Lancashire Miners will be held ou Monday next , at the sign of the Millstone , Piekley-green , near Leigh ; chair to be taken at eleven o ' clock in the forenoon . There will also be a public meeting , which will be addressed by W . P . Roberts , Esq ., and several other gentlemen _. The miners ot Bolton and its vicinity are still out , and seem more determined than ever .
Accinust Ox The Maxcukstkr And Blrulsohi...
_AccinusT ox the _Maxcukstkr and _BlRUlSOHif " _Rau-wat _, —Two Mes Killed . —On Tuesday an if * * quest was held at tho Stockport Infirmary , on the bodies of Charles Seal , aged twenty-four , and John Birtles , aged twenty-seven , whs _wwc killed with some ballast waggons on the _Macclesfield branch of the Manchester and Birmingham Railway , at Stockport , on Sunday afternoon . Thejury having deliberated upon the evidence , returned the following verdict : — " Aceidentaldeath , eccasioned by the want of suflielont attention being paid to the breaks . " The jury recommended that competent _individuals should , in future , bo placed in charge of the breaks , and that no stranger be allowed to be on them .
Evictions of T ' _ESANrnr . — On Tuesday last , we had the sheriff and twelve policemen from Abbeyleix , turning out four families _nuar Ballinakill , on property belonging to Mrs . Fitzgerald , of "BaJlyroan , and the poor creatures are living behind a few sods , without any covering from tho weather . It seems the tenants now ejected took the farms from a person during Mrs . Fitzgerald ' s absence from this country , that they paid their rent regularly , and were in rather comfortablo circumstances . —Leinstei- Express . ' 1 'he Limerick Examiner says— " Upon Sunday , at the chapels of Ballingarry and Kilmallock , the sacrifice ot the Mass and prayers were offeredbeseeching the
, Almighty to grant patience under their sufferings to forty poor unfortunate persons who had been evieted from their holdings . A subscription was subsequently made to relieve the hnnwiliate wants of the poorer portion of them . 'The largest sufferer was a Widow _O'Honnel , " whose term of a farm of thirty-two acres expired with her husband ' s life . Site owed no rent , was able and willing to pay rent in advance , a » d gave the best security for its " prospective payment ; but the only alternative that was left her was to quit , with her four sons ) and as many daughters , the 'spotwhich had been In possession of their ancestors'for the last 150 years .
Fatal Pkkk _Fioiit .-Oii Wednesday aprizefight came off tit Ulvth , between two men named Kciiy and Clcghorn , wliich proved fatal to the former .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 21, 1846, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_21031846/page/1/
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