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TO THE WORKING CLASSES
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[I hav 1 (I hate earnestly to request th...
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„ AMD NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL.
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VUL. VIII. 150. 397. LONDON SATTTRTMY TT...
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Jfordgn Jhttdltgwm
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FRANCE. The Jesuits.—Thc Jesuit question...
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Craw flftobcmcntsL
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THE SHOEMAKERS OF IRELAND. TO THE SHOEMA...
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The utf. Fatal Duel at GosrouT.—VunoicT ...
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4i T ' ™ S ?. WH hA-vc-A'-iORE Delegates...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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To The Working Classes
TO THE WORKING CLASSES
[I Hav 1 (I Hate Earnestly To Request Th...
[ I hav 1 ( I hate earnestly to request that every man that loves -dee , _« < _$ sace _, a * 0 ' 1 ** oes not _^ ax discussion , will read this letter [ entivijttenfively . J _yT 1 _-y Pear _Fhiesbs , —As this letter is likely to be long < long one , I cannot afford space for minute _illnstraaa of tion of ihe assumed facts of others wliich I mean to ace I lace before you . I always told you that when the and ] land p lan assumed a practical shape , those who eid _dreid amelioration for the working classes would ig int - _jg _intoiflarZatit . _InUoyiTsNeivspapcr of Saturday eck' * eek there was an article npon the subject of the and . iand . It appeared as an editorial article , although _vas - _vas _-writt « n hrj a , Mr . James Hift , formerly Editor fthe fi the Star in the East , a little paper that had ao cirnMi { Moth I do not complain of "William Carpenter be l -he Editor of Lloyd ' s Newspaper , for insertin ° * the
nie ! _jniclc ; but I think Jfr . Lloyd has a right to _cornlain _tlain of Ms having fathered it , because it exhibitH wM « o : d ignorance and -very "bad taste . It is written in bev the worst , the rudest , and most infelicitoua style of _irc-p _erop kecy . The same person wrote anoQier article in _jst i _jst week ' s number of _Urnjd ' s Ncusaaper . Thatletter : arj Carpenter has unequivocally fathered , because it ¦ _noffl foainenecs thus . - — "We are happv to find , by let ers to ? received from all _pai-ts of the kingdom , thatthe en remarks we have felt it our duty to make on the m tempting bait thrown out to the working classes in ibe the form of a Chartist Co-operative Land Society ¦ aw rave not been without effect . " _Now , that ' s agratm _tuitousUe-a lie from beginning to end , because we kn know that no section of the working classes of this w _mritry attach any social or political value whatever * 0 to Lloyd ' Newspaper .
The same Mr . Hill has written a letter in the same st number of Lloyd ' s Paper , signed " an Independent " £ English Chaitist . " Now what great fools shortsi ; sighted gentlemen must be to assume false titles , in il ihe hope of fascinating ; atui _to commence a crusade a against a popular practical movement in loud and h boisterous personal -vituperation , without once touchh- ing tiie principle songht to be assailed . However , as 3 Mr . Hill has thought proper to assail the question , B not upon its merits , but upon its want of legality , — 9 a want which ho does notseethe possibility of gettuv _c over , as he tells us that my deficiency in lcgafknow 1 ledge got myself and my dupes into York Castle , —I i -diall try this question of legality with liim presently , after I take a short review of his best grounds of opposition to the Chartist Cooperative Land Society .
Ue tells us in the outset that " the Chartist Cooperative Land Society resembles the _National Land and Building Association [ of which silly concoction ? tc is the insane propounder ] about as much as a gilt farthing resembles a sovereign . " _Xow , here I beg leave to differ with the learned commentator . I beg leave to tell him tliat his one-fourth measure which the sovereign is intended to represent , is not worth thc gilt farthing , or ihefartliing without the gilt . The two measures resemble eaeh other about as much as a Lorsc chesnut and a chesnut horse—his being the horse chesnut , and mine ( as he will hare it that itis miue ) thc chesnut horse . Tho whole of the first
article is written in ignorance of the -value and effect of co-operation , as well as upon a false assumption of thc value of registration . When he speaks ofa man being obliged to pay £$ lOs . for a whole house , he tells us that eight years ' rent , added to his original " -hare of £ 2 12 s ., would amount to more than the value of thc whole house ; while this very stupid man keeps the fact out of sight altogether , that Dir t for that co-operation width alloived the tenant to be a purchaser in the wholesale market , and a tenant in tiie tito . il market at the wholesale price , he would not Save the house and two acres for £ 50 a-year , nor yet for £ 10 a-year , nor vet at all 3
This is the portion of ihe subject on which I Lave taken most pains to enlighten yon ; and is one wliich , however Mr . Hill and fhe " surplus reserve" of editors may understand , yet they never -will put you ia r _* os ; ession of its prarticability . 3 n last week ' s _Nortiiern Star there were three columns and a half on tie National Reform Convention oi the Labouring Classes ia America- Thai -was -worth all the news thai lias appeared'in every paper in England for the _Jast twelve months . A "Mr . Brisbane , one of the _jac-n , powerful advocates of the working man ' s cause , in describing tie grievances under wliich the working classes labour , makes use of the following terms , as regards the press of the "United States : — " There ahe js the "United States two _mousix * -
TRESSES CO . VTROXi . _rn nr _coitunnon , _tozzxicz , asd TEE LAW , WHICH HAVE BUI 0 _* V £ OBJECT AXD AIM—TO -OECEJVS THE MlX-tlOSS : AKB JT IS SO WOSDER THAT "THE ¦ _WOBSlseM'eS ASE SO _ELISIfED TO THEIR OWS SOOD WHES TnET _ItECETV-e AS COSP £ L , BAT _ATTEE BAT , TIIE DOCTR 1 XES ANJJ _ASSEETJOXS OT _THHK _BinXfiEST _ENETBBS . " Now , keep that in mind : and recollect that that description of the press is in Republican America , where tiie people have got the votes , Ixn have not got the land : and remember more—that ihe association of whieh Mr . Brisbane spoke is organised for the _purpose of getting the land . In discussing the slave question in the House of Commons , Lord Palmerston said that "ibc reason why the French press was opposed to the abolition of slavery was , because the
whole press of France was under the control of those who had an interest in perpetuating slavery . " Mind thai , again ! " However they may differ as to the relative merits of parties , and leaders of parties , they aD agree upon the perpetuation of slavery . " And will you now point out one single paper in the British empire—one single paper , with the exception of the Nortiicrn Star , that is not , directly or indirectly , conaolledorinfloeneed by the slave-owners ? It would not do to offer open opposition even to a popular mania . You must be lured from what you cannot be driven . The faseinators think that , like thc donkey , you will gallop faster after a bunch of carrots tied to tie end ofa abaft-, and held before your nose —( which carrots are TAKEN OFF when the donkey gets to the end of THEIR JOURNEY } -than fi * om the
whip . Now , this Mr . Hill is a most romantic person . The wandering Jew , the wandering Minstrel , Baron Trenck , and Baron Munchausen , were all spoonies to him . In 1841 the League were at sea and great _inducement were held out tothe romantic and adventurous for the devising of some immediate practical _"ieojo . " p lanfor repealing the Corn Laws . Well , ihiB same Mr . Hill propounded thc most fascinating , the "aost tempting , the surest , titc most - ? o ;« , themost-tEOAi plan fra * repealing the Com Laws . He established the National Daily Bread Society ! Ah ! who says _fiereis nothing in aname ? Andnow , first , upon the question of "legality . " The object and purpose of
the Daily Bread Society , as stated by its founder , was "toresist , to evade , and to break- _tiirongh tiie law . " Now , what will our " physical force" friend , Car penter , -say to the " legality' of sneh a Society ? Hear what the Leeds Times said , in speaking about the " legal * ' p lan propounded by Mr . Hill . It said : ""There need he no mi-stake about the Daily Bread Society . It is as organised pus—perfectly legal and justifiable , we think , in a moral point of view—tor _-eheajuxg the iaw " What will my " poor dupes " think of a perfectly "legaV association organised tobreakthelaw ? Ah ! _iieuwerethepaities calledupon to break it ; and the _miscreant that urged them to the act would have 3 at in thejury box io avenge the
_oue-ided laws I Perhaps the reader will be ssicnished when I _•& Kt bis attention to the Northern Star of the 53 rd of October . 1 S 41 , to the _immeiise flagellation that _WiUssm 11 M , ofthe Northern _Sisr , _gare James Bill , 01 ue Eatttrn Stat ; _ici * ihe delusion _ihaihoi-k . ** 2 i ! onjptcd to pass upon thc people , anu especially for putting the People ' s Charter in a _phicai -d calling a "oiee ting at _Cajycaaicars' Hal , _-when the real object _*•"« to seduce the people to co-operate with tlic ieai-ae . I -mention the fact r . ow , In order thai you -lay ' _contrast , the Northern Star oi that date with ¦ ' •* _yaihiiii ! Rij _of }} . ir of list _SaturihiT . tot wc Lave so ; yet come to a consideration of tic ¦ _•<• - _* , ¦ . by _which this - _Jcgal " Association , organised to
¦ _ff-i uk tiie ] r . -v . was to e-feet a repeal oi thc torn - ¦ _' . ' - . _lV oij 5 "here it h . Every _peso * : who r . _i' _-seribe' * - ¦ " _? _, _' - > :. ay was to receive a printed curd or ticket , 'h- _* _- _* * > i _* lsiita : ed tie right of memk _* _r-* hiji . Those _l-::. ~' : cz were to be sent to foreign countries to buy y _*' - '; k'adsc . ivon ; - _ar-ti _wiies those ships approached he -: ' : ore , ihe neopie . if the Queen refused to repeal : !•• - Ccm Lara '' were to sard ! _'& _ccc-psaies often or
_tz-y-dy _ilioHsaad _, _antud wi ; " ::, _^ _hax you _i lunii -: — _"iVna _muskeifc-f No ! _butv-nn £ > ' ? n sags , for the
[I Hav 1 (I Hate Earnestly To Request Th...
purpose of defying _theprcveiitive service , andlanding _THEin corn without paying the duty ! Now isn ' t that a whole-hog " _fiist-prinei ple" man for you ? In No . 1 of the Bread EaUrs' Advocate there appeared the following reasoning . I give it to you verbatim :- " Ifthe people took the com out of the ship , or out of the bonding warehouse , bv force there might "be loss of life . That the Corn Laws could not be imposed without bloodshed , nor continued without bloodshed , was not admitted as a reason why itshould notexist ; for be it recollected , there was Corn Law blood shed in Westminster in 1815 , and Corn Law blood shed at Peterloo in 1819 : so that even if it were certain that it could not be repealed without bloodshed , it by no means follows that it should be suffered to exist . England has some noble ' Romans ' who would willingly lay down their lives in such a holv cause .
* 0 she has sons that never , never Will stoop to be the lawllords' slaves , While heav ' n has light Or earth has graves . ' When Barbarou sent a message to Marseilles that they were to send him ' six hundred men who knowhow to die , ' the call was quickly responded to ; nor could such a call to Manchester be long unrcsponded to , though it is hoped it may not be necessary !!" Is not there tenderness of life there for you ? Is uot that " moral force , " with a vengeance ? It was through such bad and reckless men as this "legal" Mr . Hill , and their false teaching , that filled thc prisons of England , and not Feargus O'Connor . Although this Mr . James Hill taunts mc with having
got myself into prison , I tell him that I am not ashamed of spending sixteen months in a condemned cell for liaving published the speeches of Mr . James O'Brien and Mr . Dean Taylor , and for having denounced thc atrocious Poor Law . At the time that Mr . James Hill was rumiing this Daily-bread rig , like Dr . Bowring , he went beyond us . He was for enfranchising women , because , as he disinterestedly tells us , he had nine daughters ; and now that he wants to "hark off'the people , poor aged people of sixty and seventy-five years of age , from the Land scent , to lay them in the stink of one room for which they are to pay nearly £ 12 that they may vote for a Corn Law repealer , he assumes the title of * ' an Independent English Chartist . "
In his foolish article of the 8 th ' of June , what are all hut impossibilities are argued , not as merely problematical , but as highly probable . The remotest contingencies are placed vividly before our eyes . The treasurer may get thc small-pox and die ; his will mat be disputed ; all the trustees mav die , as if by concert to frustrate the object ; the tenants mat be all ejected for non-payment of rent ; they may all have the pip together ; the hank may fail ; the subscribers mat not be able to _pay up their shaves ; the land may not be worth £ 5 an acre ; Mr . O'Connor may jump Jim Crow ; the trustees may be on the eve of purchasing an estate , and the treasurer may not be in the humour to give the _nionev . Now the onlv
answer to all this is , that" thc sky mat fall , and then we may catch larks . " Did Mr . Hill know , and if he did why had hc no ; the common decency to say so , that I told the Convention , as the organ of the committee who mapped ihe outline of the Chartist Cooperative Land plan , that it would take us a full month to mature it for satisfactory working , and that all we could then do was to propound the principle , ar . d to lay down the skeleton of rules for management , nntS wc should _iare 2000 subscribers _sufnciently interested in its good working to ensure a happy election of officers ' , and then if they chose io ask for such protection from the law as they may require beyond confidence in their own appointed servants .
they might do so , and take the proper steps to procure it . Did he not know that ihe present board of la _. mageniens « vas but the mere nurse of ihe infant ; and that when ii arrives at maturity it may appoint its own guardian , whether of ike law , or of society independent of the law ? There is an old _sayisg , ' ' never show your work half finished to a fool , or to a woman : " and I fear that Mi * . Hill has been taking much female counsel . The letter of the " Independent English Chartist" 13 a fire of grapeshot indeed npon the two Irish O ' s—O'Connor and _O'Erleii : and the writer peppers poor O'Brien most unmercifully . He says , " I contend that O'Brien ' s plan , if by any possibility ii could be practised , would make the people far worse off than ever . For what a power would it not give to Government , if
Government had all the land-letting ? What jobbing' What corrupt uses of the rentals' The people would fc reduced to worse than feudal bondage ; while thc minions of Government would fatten like the favourites of Henry VIII ., when that tyrant resumed the abbey lands , or like the sequestrators under the Commonwealth . Human nature would never bear it . Horrible would be the state of society —tenfold worse thau at present . " Now , that ' s what the "Independent English Chartist" says of the Irish demagogue , O'Brien . He says the Irish demagogue O'Connor ' s plan is much preferable . Now , this is very unpleasant : for in the National _Rcfox-mer of the veiy same date as the Lloyd ' s from which I quote , I find the following comments upon Mr . Hill ' s p lan : —
The very "best of these schemes which I have yet seen _» y far thehest—fhe scheme propoiindea hy "Mr . James Hill , late "Editor ofthe Star in ihe East—even that scheme ¦ will faU , _IthinlJj to realise the expectations of its pro . jector . Not that there is anything essentially faulty or _un-^ afein 3 Ir . Hill ' s project . Quite the contrary , 1 think . Mr . Hill ' s project is the "Satiosai _Ianh _akd Buiidisc association . Its object is to enable the members , through their own weeMy subscriptions , to obtain a cottage an . l lan _* l of their o * . vn , in due course of time ; and the mode of doing this , as well as the roles and principles of the society , are fully seiforth hy the founder in a well written periodical entitled Tfic Commomccat , uuder the form of a _~ a article headed " Development 01 a measure for advancing
the Political , the Social , and the Domestic Condition of thc Working Classes . " I have read the first number of the _Omuiionweo _^ containing this articles and , r . sfar asmy humble judgment goes , no sounder or safer project was ever devised to promote die welfare of the parties adopting aud acting upon it , as far as can be done under o : ir existing _eoiutitutien e . xxdlaws , thau the plan or project of Mr . . Tames Hill , and which forms the basis of the National land and Building Association . There is every desirable security for the _menibers , and there are prospects of advantage held oat to them which nothing hut the grossest fraud or s-ismr . _nagenicnt of their officers can prevent them from realising . But , as we have noticed this
admirable association elsewhere , in _conjuration v , " : l : _Jeargns ' s notable " _Ch-iriist Operative land Society , " we shall say r . o more of it here than simply to observe , tha - . were it consistent with our views and convictions to _:-ccoinmexd Itind Societies of any tort , as a measure to he generally acted upon by thepeople , itisunquesuor . ub : v thc _National land and Building Association we should recommend in preference to all others . As compared with O'Connor ' s land Abortion , it is ias the editor of _Llo ;\ _Vv paper justly observes ) what . 1 real _sovereign is to a _** ih farthing . In other words « o quote lloyd himself . ) , " O'Connor ' s _Oftorttst _Co-operafiw ; Land _Society is _'•'*< - ? ' farthing . Tin National land and Building Untidy is * ' _centdne _sorcrdgxi . "
"Xcw , can t the reader at once sec tha : Hill _wi'o : _* in praise of ids own child : white my " friend , " O'Brien , woeW _sirJce an angel oflliJi _fomcko 2 devil of me ? Let us kgw consider ihe plan , or rather ihe _objeits ofiiiis' _- . _Vational Land and Building Assceiaim . ' ' _Jseleetthesiarrowofit from No . 1 of the _Pomuit- _*! - _ne & l , where Mr . O'Brien say *? he lias found it : * - . ¦ ¦•' here it is : — Th _* _ihaves . . ire to Ic ci ' - 'i of -he : _alnc 0 : .- .- •'/ : » u : r _..-no"T r _^ _'virc < Vt ) : a : the x ' _zL " _* : * _: 0 : - " of tin . * _hr . * v _i ] _' ' _- _**] . _" . _:-.
" Thc ' _* r . _* o _:-OJ * - _<« _'• - "<¦ ' l _« 3 ' ii :: ' * - ' _- _"* '< _*' 1 ' Mt " - ' - ''• _* ;; "'• ' - •> - v _.- rricli the principle of "'* . •* _unuitiii ; is io i > e appr . i :. * workout the ol _> H : Cis of the asso ciation . an < i _ihis _SKiy V un derstood Iw reference lo a table , * vJ _. ic "" . \ _opi _*«* : t * •<" - ¦¦]¦ column of :. _** , . _w . _a-m ihe amount _nw-iiiv ! * o b ? _j-ai . up l _' . v evcrv shareholder of the _eonespondmg a ? e . - _n-x < as will be seen ou r « er « v ; e , t : i « amount opposite to _^ : ; : years of _ase : s i _' s 5 < - " ;< J : — that opposite sevensy-nv * jvr . r ' -.-. < ro _uiiJv £ 1 , 2 s . ' 2 d . ; : he racanja _,- of « 3 ) ic 3- 'f . _** iat •" sul'seriberof _i-0 vears of age , who has paid in iLe ag » re gate £ 8 is . Sd ., —aud one of 75 , « _"ho lias pam io -is . -d .: will each be entitled foh _? ve conveyed W _hnn or cer .. •• .
[I Hav 1 (I Hate Earnestly To Request Th...
absolute ireehold for V . fe , of property to the amount of twenty pounds for every share held by that individual , on winch such proportion has been paid ap . It nmy be said , "He can have no freehold property of so small value a « twenty pounds . " But if a four roomed tenement can be constructed for eighty pounds ( which , uuder favourable nreumstances , and by building large numbers together , it is understood may be done ) , a single room would cost only £ 20 , and we then find the veteran of seventy-five become the actual proprietor ofhis own dwelling , well ten tilatcd , and in a healthy situation , for £ 5 2 s . 2 d ., being as little money as is often paid in a single year for the rent ofa dark , dirty , unhealthy cellar or garret in London—it being well known that 2 s . per week ( amounting to £ 5 4 s .
per annum ) is a common rental paid for such wretched abodes!—Xow observe , a freehold for life , in the occupation of the individual himself , is as good a county vote as the absolute proprietorship of an estate ofthe value of £ 10 ( 10 per annum , provided the value of the freehold for life is 106 . a year . It is the value per annum , not tiie cost , which determines the right : 10 s . per annum is onlv 9 d . per week ; and who shall say that tliis habitation of one room is not of the value of 3 d . pci- week ? It is obvious that it is of that value : and hence the light and easy terms on whieh thc votes may be created . It is not to be uiderstoo . 1 that shareholders are restricted to the
possession of onc room , or that the value is necessarily to be so small as £ 20 . Half sliares and quarter sliares will be issued on the same scale of proportions ; so that a _sub-xriber for a share and a quarter obtains a £ 25 room ; asubscriber of a share and a half , one of £ 30 -, —a subscriber for a plurality of shares , a proportionate ' number of rooms . When a shelter for declining years cau be _obtainedion such easy terms , many a man who squanders his money recklessly at the alehouse may be induced to reform his habits , and secure for himself such a shelter by voluntarily joining a uuion of workers , instead ofbeing driven to the uuion workhouse .
Filial affection may induce sons or daughters thus to provide for aged parents : parental affection may induce it to be done hy parents , as a provision or portion for their children . The more prosperous members of a family may thus provide cheaply for poor relations ; cm . ployers for faithful servants who have become grey in their service . Although four-room cottages arc mentioned , itis not to be understood that the habitations arc to be all of this
class ; but this was merely given as au illustration , the buildings may either be cottages of two , or four , or any greater number of rooms ; or a continuous range of rooms uuder one roof . Nor is it very important , in working out the principle , if it shall be found in practice that comfortable anil commodious rooms cannot be provided at £ 20 each . If the cost shall be £ 25 , the only difference will be , that the shareholder of sixty years of age will be required to pay £ 1112 s . 2 d „ instead of £ 9 5 s . Dd . ; and the " ; one of seventy-five , £ 6 7 s , 8 d ., instead of
£ 0 2 s . 2 d . The difference in expense between alarge number of the habitations being constructed under the same plan , aud by thc same builder , instead of a person building a single house , is known to be very great . He who erects a single house , purchases the site by the foot , or by the yaid ; those who build several , purchase by the acre . Those who builtl several , avoid the expense of separate gables—are enabled to save fifteen or twenty per cent , in the cost of materials and execution of the work , whilst
those who pay thc increased price for the erection of a single house , after all often have a building without _architectural design , and , perhaps , in an unhealthy situation . Not only may those who erect a considerable number adopt the most improved and most economic arrangements , and choose healthy and eligible situations , but they may adopt the associative principle in heating , lighting , and domestic economy , just as far as does not trench inconveniently on individual habits and inclinations , and no farther .
_> , reader , what do you think 01 that ? . £ 20 shares And if a veteran of sixty pays £ 1112 s . 2 d ., he'll be entitled to spend the remainder of his days in a room that it has cost £ 25 to build ; and when Ac dies , another veteran of the same age ra » y have it for Ms life for a similar amount . Mud , it is a " freehold for life . "' What a high sounding term ! and worth ll _| d . a week ; for if it cost £ 20 , Ms . Hill tells us it is worth 9 d . a week ; and of course if it cost .- £ 25 , it is worth a fifth more , or Hid . And titis is "ihe grand freehold" that is "to give a 40 s . vote ! "Why , if the poor man went to an assurance company with .- £ 1210 s ., he would get £ 210 s . for life . This much-vaunted society , therefore , becomes a very doubtful , nreean ' ous , and insecure insurance
company . Cheap coffins for ihe aged—Hying tombs for onr veteran ? . " : ' Thank ' ee for nothing , " Mr . Hill . But then yom * shares are - £ 20 . Now , give me 2 , 000 members , not paying up , but securing £ 20 shares , and I'll undertake to locate every man of them upon 10 acres of their own for ever , with a good house , and all their money back in less than six years . A single room for a £ 20 share . ' Marry , come up , " indeed This is " progression" with a vengeance . Let the reader read all about the ' _* * breezes that bW around the "veteran , " and the "fragrance , " and " perfume , " and " ventilation , " in which he luxuriates , in " ahealthy situation" in-one room , of ANOTHER MAN'S HOUSE , after paying £ 5 2 s . 2 d . I dreamt that I dwelt in perfumed halls ,
With O'Briens and Hills by my side ; And of all who assembled within those walls , That I was the hope and the pride . But stop ! stop 1 stop 1 Let us see -what we can eke out ofthe reasoning upon wliich this Elysium is built . Our concocter says : " .- £ 5 2 s . 2 d . is as
UTTLE MOXEY AS IS OFTEN PAID IS A SIXGLE YEAIt JOB TIIE BEST OP A DARK , _MBTT , UNHEALTHY CELLAR OK O . IBREI IX LONDON—JT BEVSQ WELL KNOWN THAT 2 S . PER "WEEK ( aMOVSTING TO £ 5 4 s . PER ASSCXl ) IS A COMMON RENTAL PA 1 _U FOR _SDCU WRETCRED ABODES . " "Now , Mr . Hill , how came your essay on " practical philosophy , " to make such a foolish admission . Perhaps , when you wrote it , you were not aware that we propose to give , and will give , a good cottage , with suitable offices , and two acres of land on a lease for ever , and . _sonieihing for sustenance money till the first crops are grown , for 4 s . a year Ices than the reut of onc duty , wretched , squalid room . Don't you see that the great difference between your horse chesnut
and _ourchesnut horse is just this ; you demand an enormous amount of rent , in the shape of shares , — ju * t an the Irish landlords take all the incoming tenant ' s capital by way of fine , —before your tenant gets possession : so that in your case , the " grinding capitalists "? - . ' *! t _/ _temoiiey _jh-st : and in our ease the tenants get ihe had and house first . But , heaven help us ! poor ignorant wights . "We lack the quality of "iaV _" ' wliile the " National Land and Building Association" is under the protection of 10 Geo . IV ., cap . _CG ; 4 and 5 Will . IV ., cap . 40 ; G and 7 "WiU . IV ., c . 32 * , 7 and 8 Vict ., cap . 110 ., sec . 5 ; and so on . Ours is & niy under Ihe 1 st of "National Regeneration , cap . 3 .
Man alive i do you 3 _'ippose that all plans are to be frustr . - . ted thai arc dangerous to money-mongers and newspaper-makers ? Do you suppose that thc people who _liaic the : a : v ; who arc ground down hy the law ; and ivho arc impoverished oy the km , will look to the law alone for their regeneration ? If we had £ 100 , 000 _to-SKBiOw , levied for thc amelioration ot the people , ami _"pr-Aecud" by all the statutes oi Westminster Hall , tlic law and the law-makers would stco in , as guardians and trustees , and would
interpose thc law ' s _t-. mkmesr , under the semblance oi" protection io the working classes , - anti ! nearly the _ffiiolc y , 7 , s _» v _,- 'iV . _c-. veA up by tho ¦¦ haiuues" of the / . _?; _:-. Do you :: ot know , thai under the present Jaws you cannot ameliorate the condition of the working _oiasscs * Has not Lord John Russell insolentl y told you so ? Then what I seek io do is , to change the hi ' . ;' , —by _i'Luvri' _-- _** th _^ _wos _' _ting _classes , firstly , _tJc . - - . ' . . so ai * e * . y : _ni- _*? . . ivn ; . a * ' . secondly , the channel - _ 1 : Y . - _-ue \ - ' - " ii :-: ! -. _clu-. _iv-. -- _u , . come . As to vour 40 s .
v . : ¦ . •; ¦¦ _* , do yoi ; _tii . t thi ., k . i a man with a cottage ' _..-.. ; tv .-o acres o ; ' ' . - _-i' _* I ; o y . _-ei hy his vote , t voukl be _..-, : oi .: ' r .:: eUclor as ' _- ]< : i _* _-itcran of lo" v . _* ho _Iiiui ;> : _•'•; uoai _.. ; . ' _;! ,. . ' _vaiii . ior :. is living tomb before he - . ¦¦ : !; _tiliowci to -.-A . - !**); . * it f 1 christen your associaticn the '" _r-ovnuty-Hve A _^ iivancc Association : _"' and ; : _<• _I'lites of _i't-I . Vy a : o r . _20 percent , higher than those of asiy _asaurtiuce _coispariT established in _Loituon . Mi * . . Hi ! . ' , i ; , _yvufs to be a bachelors' association ? _ev v . Lv . 1 T-::: _^ _ioeiaricn ? Arc the " V _0 t _* 3 l _" . 1 » S of 00 anil 70 " u > " nave no families ? and if the y have _f'usi ' iies , are In- " ? all to p ig together in your ' P n'
[I Hav 1 (I Hate Earnestly To Request Th...
fuineil _"* ' chamber ? _Yonr ' s is a kind of barrack plan . for while I attach all importance to thc Land , you dispose of it thus : " leaving it wholly and entirely in the hands of the managers , unless indeed it may be found in practice to attach A SMALL SECTION of garden ground or allotment to each abode . " Now here is the way you dispose of the Land : — Althoughhabitations are to be conveyed to individuals , no part of the land ofthe association is to be individual
property , except it may be found iu practice _advantageous to attach a small section of garden ground , or allotment , to each abode . The remainder will be tiie property , and afford the security to those depositors and shareholders who have not had habitations conveyed to them , and the Jaiid will be made to yield the best revenue which the board consider attainable—either by being let to membeis or to _non-members _, and cultivated in large portions or in small allotments , as may he judged hest , and found in practice to be the best ,
Although you attach but slight importance to the co-operative syBtem , you are obliged to aid your plan by admitting its value ; for in talking of your buildings , you say "those who build several ave enabled to save fifteen or twenty per cent , in thc cost of materials and execution of the work . " Now , after making this admission , why did you quarrel with thc assertion that ouv society would get £ 0000 for - £ 5000 worth of hud subdivided and made more valuable ? Dop't you know that that is little more than sixteen per cent ., while you speak of a twenty per cent , increase ; and we may allow the odd four per cent , to go against the sustenance money to he paid to eacli occupant . If I was to take yonr whole reasoning
from beginning to end , you furnish a much more exaggerated notion of co-operation than I have presented : but there is one consideration that you have left wholly out of the question . How is the occupation ofa single room , or ofa whole house , to establish a fair standard of wages in tho market ? How is it to relieve each trade of its '' surplus ? " How is it to teach each man the value of his own labour , whether hc occupies , land or not ? How is it to make him a freeman instead of a slave ? How is it to insure for him wholesome exercise , good food , contentment , and education for his family ? And who are the parties in whom the veterans are to have confidence for " COMPENSATION" and "FIXITY OF
TENURE . " Sir , you have brought this contest upon yourself in a most cowardly underhand manner , by getting another person to father your nonsense . You have attacked me personally , most unfairly , and most unjustifiably * . and you must bear thc consequences . I tell you , then , that the people have more confidence in me than ever they will have in all the interested supporters of your twaddle . They know that my share of the profit arising from the Co-operative Land Society is the pleasure of teaching , and no more . They know that I would risk iny life rather than
allow any man living unfairly to diminish their funds one farthing . They know that Mr . Roberts is a man of property , and would rather go to bed supperless than extract one farthing from their h . _ti'd-eai'ned pence : and , if my incarceration for thc acts of others is auy proof of my want of "legal " knowledge , they know that Mr . Roberts is a man of Jogal wisdom , of high character , and nice honour : and that even , if not a 3 ked , his very first step will be so to secure the funds of the poor people as that neither law-maker nor law-breaker can touch them oi' divert them from their legitimate source .
But , sir , as the question is a large one , and but little understood , I do not desire that move confidence in myself should be its attraction : andif you aro sincere , you must be desirous of discussion and publicity . To insure both , I challenge you to name your day , your hour , and place of meeting , when , all other business heing laid aside , I'll meet you on the public platform , and there discuss thc relative merits of "the gilt farthing" and "the sovereign , " with more temper and courtesy than you have vouchsafed to introduce it , under the false colour of friendly admonition .
Now , six , write no more , I pray you , - or , if you do , write as I do : write in _x jour own _px-oper name _. The time has arrived when the working classes dare to canvass the reasoning even of the great " WE . " I wish , sir , you had written in a style which would have allowed me to subscribe myself Your obedient and humble servant , Feargus O'Connor . P . S . —I shallbe in Lancashire till Monday week next . After that date , name your hour and place of meeting . My only stipulation shall be , that the meeting be an open one .
„ Amd National Trades' Journal.
„ AMD NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .
Vul. Viii. 150. 397. London Satttrtmy Tt...
VUL . VIII . 150 . 397 . LONDON SATTTRTMY TTT > J _17 01 _ift _^ PBICE - _"tophm-is or
Jfordgn Jhttdltgwm
_Jfordgn _Jhttdltgwm
France. The Jesuits.—Thc Jesuit Question...
FRANCE . The Jesuits . —Thc Jesuit question again occupies our Paris contemporaries , owing to tho discussion revived by the Count de Montalombert in the Chamber of Peers . Letters from Rome , received in Paris on Sunday , state ihat Af . Rossi has had an ineffectual conference , regarding the Jesuits , with Cardinal Lambraschini . M . Rossi was about to address a note to the Cardinal to engage the Pope ' s interference with th * French bishops .
Strike of the Paris Carpenters . —w " e regret to learn from the Paris A _' _at'ona _*? that the carpenters have struck for higher wages , to the number of between 3000 and 4000 . No disorders have taken place . The carpenters demand an increase of from four to five francs a day , based upon calculations which look so reasonable thai the masters would do wisely to consider them dispassionately . The carpenters allege that , takingthe year round , the pay of an able-bodied man averages but two francs eighty centimes , while the prices of the necessaries of _h'fe are yearly on the increase— Morning Herald .
BELGIUM . Resignation of the Belgian Ministry . — The following is from the correspondence of the Morning Herald : —Brussels , June 16 . —It has been already stated in a reoent communication that the elections for the partial renewal of the Chamber of Representatives were unfavourable to ministers in this city and Antwerp , and it was added that the cabinet would still command a sufficient majority in the above Chamber , notwithstanding their losses . The moral effect , however , of the check experienced by ministers in thc two cities just named ( where eleven candidates , who may be reckoned amongst tiie bitterest opponents of tlic cabinet , and who belong to the extreme liberal opinion , were returned ) has not
been lost to them , anu I am enabled to state exclusively ( fornot a single journal of this evening appears to be aware of the fact ) that they have tendered en masse their resignation . This step has not been taken without due consideration , nor without a strenuous opposition at first on the part of two members of tho Government—viz ., M . N _" othumb _, Minister ot the Interior , and M . Merrier , Minister of Finance . Both contended ( particularly the former ) , at recent cabinet councils , presided over by the King , that a constitutional cabinet should not retire because their candidates werc defeated in two ov more places , but should await the decision of the Chambers , and be _guided by the expressed opinions of the majority . This opinion was not entertained by the other members of the Government , particularly by Comd Goblet , the Minister of Foreign Affairs , " who was th'j iirst lo direct the attention of the King to tho difficult position of the administration , and the first to
express the necessity of resigning . His Majesty , it appears , was at first disposed to coincide with the Minister ofthe Interior and the Mmisier of Finance , bnt Afterwards , as I have been informed , yielded to the arguments oi " Count Goblet . The " ministers themselves finally resolved , in order to _leare the King free to accept or " not the resignation of all or anv cl the menibers oftho cabinet , to tender their resignations , which thoy all accordingly did . Meantime , Mr . Conway had been sent by the King _{•> Namnr to Baron _D'lluart , formerly tiie Minister of Finance , and at present the governor of that town and province , who immediately set off for this city , and who had a long interview ' yesterday with his Majesty . The offer was then made to liim to form an _admini-Ai-ation . Had the bfU' 011 expressed _lliiJ immediate _readlnes . ' j to undertake that mission the retirement of ministers would have been no doubt officially announced this day ; but hc required a day or two to
France. The Jesuits.—Thc Jesuit Question...
consider . M . Leclercq , the Procureur du Roi in the _Coxiv de Cassation , ivas also sent for by the King . Up to hail-past seven tliis evening nothing further liad transpired .
SWITZERLAND . Dr . Steiger . —The New Zurich Gazette ofthe 13 th , mentions a report that Dr . Steiger has accepted an offer made to lum by the Government of Lucerne to spare his life , on condition of his exiling himself in Genoa or Alexandria , in Italy , there to remain under thc surveillance of the police _. Another letter says : — " Dr . Steiger has been compelled to sign a letter , addressed by him to tlte Sardinian Government , in whieh he _solieitspermission to enter its states and practise his profession , in thc event of his obtaining his pardon . He has also been compelled to sign an engagement not to set his foot on the Helvetic soil without permission ofthe Grand Council . He had his choice either to sign tliese documents or to bo shot . His wife lias been recommended to persuade liim to yield . The affair will shortly come under the deliberation ofthe Grand Council . "
SYRIA . Rum- op Vkpjchi Pacha to the Con-sols of the Fivk Powers . —Having stated that the disorders of Mount Lebanon had occurred previous to his arrival , and described his efforts to bring the Druse and Maroiute chiefs to an understanding , for which the latter seemed ill-disposed , Vcdjchi Pacha proceeds :- ~ "You also state thatthe Ottoman troops have remained inactive since the disorders have broken out in the Libanus , whicli has tended to aggravate the evil . The conduct of tlic officers and tho troops throughout the whole extent of the Libanus is , on the contrary , above all reproach . They have been sent by detachments wherever their presence was necessary . Thc disorders have only taken place where no troops were stationed , and the presence of the forces directed on these points has immediately restored tranquillity . For my part 1 have neglected nothing to maintain order . You are well aware what zeal I have displavcd since my arrival at Beyrout to
attain this object . I have also sent Bakri Pacha to Der and Kamer with instructions , of which I have forwarded you a copy . Tlic following arc the arrangements I have concerted with the Emir Emmin and the Emir Bechir Ahmedi . To-morrow I shall go to Khan Khaspi , and after liaving convoked the Vekils , I shall concert with them on tlic best means to be employed to establish the tranquillity of the Libanus ; and when we arc agreed I shall haye the opinions written and signed by all thc members , and with this declaration I shall go into all the districts where any disturbance may take place , in order to arrest and punish the guilty parties , In the event of this declaration being refused , I shall march with thc troops under my orders , and shall cause reinforcements to be sent wherever they may be required to prevent any assemblages . In this manner 1 have no doubt that tranquillity will be speedily re-established in the mountain . This is the decision I have come to on thc subject . "
OIRCASSIA . Tlio following is from the correspondent of tho Morning Hex-aid : —Constantinople , May 28 . —Some Circassians having reached this capital on the 23 rd inst ., 1 have finally been able to pick up news from that quarter of an intelligible character . Count Woroiizoff , on his journey from the coast to Tillis , opened communications with thc warriors of Abascia , couched in the most friendly tone . He said , "We have now been fighting together for a long succession of years ; an infinity of blood has been spilt to no purpose , as neither your interests arc thereby advanced nor our own . Lotus , then , make a permanent peace , or if that is not possible , at least suspend hostilities until such a peace can be brought about , under guarantees to mutual satisfaction . If you will engage
solemnly to remain quiet , I , on my part , will under- * take to withdraw from the castles on the southern part of your coast all thc Russian troops now cantoned there . " The Circassians perceived that the count wished to collect all his disposable forces , in order to crush Shainil Bey , and they consequently refused to give even an answer to this amicable message . He then proposed to get down the Crimea some _Mussclnicn doctors of the law to meet the Circassian cadis , hinting that thc former werc perfectly capable of convincing the latter that they ( the Circassians ) were bound hy thc tenor of thc Koran to cultivate terms of good fellowship with a neighbouring power , who , above all , wished to preserve peace with them . The mountaineers still refused to give a reply to Count Woronzoff , and hc pursued his journey . It will be known to some of your readers that Mehmed _Effwuli _, the representative of Shamil Bey in Abascia , died some time back . He has now been replaced by llagi Hasan Effendi , who
has arrived with extensive powers , and is _nov ; exercising great influence tliere . He has urged thc warriors of the tribes hostile to Russia to bo constant in their resistance , and on no account to acknowledge , even nominally , the sovereignt y or authority of the Emperor Nicholas . If in their resistance they should be again attacked by the northern hosts , lie promises to come and assist them in person , at the head of 00 , 000 men . In the mean time Hagi Hasan Effendi is to remain witli them as p lenipotentiary . My informant can give me no positive intelligence concerning the present state of Sliamil Bey , but he says it was rumoured in his own country that about a month ago Count Woronzoff , at tho head of a Btrong force , went ottt on a reconnoitring expedition . Seeing that the Deghestanlees wcre about to attack him on all sides , he sounded a retreat , and withdrew without a shot being fired or a blow struck . He adds that in all quarters the Russians iv _«* c disconcerted and dismayed ,
GERMANY . Tub New _R'jformatio . v . —A letter from Berlin of the 26 th ultimo , in the Observctteio- du Rhin , says : — " Our Government has come to a resolution on the subject of the German Catholics , and has addressed the following circular to the regencies and thc consistories . As religious liberty exists in Prussia , the movements of the German Catholic Church cannot be arrested , nor ean thc German Catholics be prevented from following tho exercise of their mode of worship . Nevertheless , the time is not come for deciding whether this church shall be acknowledged , because the direction of this movement is not yet clearly established . It is upon theso principles that the authorities are to act . Thus , they are not to give officially to thc German Catholics the appellation of community , nor the title of president to thc
directors ; neither is thc new church to be designated the German Catholic Church , because this may offend the Roman Catholic Church . It is forbidden to grant to the German Catholics the use of evangelical churches for thc performance of their worship . The acts of thoir priests shall have no legal effect . They may baptize and bury , but these births and deaths must be inscribed in thc registers ofthe nearest evangelical church . They cannot solemnise marriages , because such marriages would not be legal . But this __ does not apply to thc Rhenish provinces , where civil marriages still exist . Consequently marriages of German Catholics must , with permission of the consistory , be celebrated by a Protestant pastor , who will inscribe them in the register of his church . " These regulations are expected to be followed by others .
_Persecution or the German * Patriots . —Thc Leipsic _Gatette publishes twelve condemnations by the Criminal Court of Darmstant for political offences . Nine were sentenced to imprisonment for from a year and a half to throe years , for participation in the society called Alliance of Prescripts ; two to be imprisoned for four years , for participation in thc society of the Rights of Man , founded at Darmstadt in 1834 ; and the twelfth to imprisonment for three years , for having been a member of thc Alliance of Germans at Paris .
INDIA AND CHINA _.-OYERLAND MAIL . The usual extraordinary express in anticipation oi * the Overland Mail reached London on Wednesday , bringing letters and iournals from Bombay of the 12 th , and Calcutta ot the 3 rd , and Madras of the 8 th of May . The news brought by this conveyance is comparatively unimportant , adding little to that which reached us b y the last mail . The most important items are from the Punjaub , where the eternal Singh ' s continue their intrigues against eaeh other , but for a wonder wc have no deed of blood
ann butchery to record this time as having occurred in tbat deli ghtful (?) country . . Scinde remained perfectly tranquil , and thc health of the troops had greatly improved . In Southern Mahratta all appearance of agitation had subsided . In _Affghaiiistan , Dost _Maliommcd and his son , Akbar Khan , were only awaiting the result of the anarchy in Lahore to seize upon Pesliawur . From China wc have accounts to the 31 st of March . A rumour ires current tliere tli . it the Emperor was disy . _estd to tolerate Christianity in his domain . '' .
ALGERIA . i ' _ni . ' . vc . 'i GLonr . —Muiiokk a no _IiOUBnr . v . — The French Minister of War lias received dispatches from the Governor-General of Algeria . In the one dated irom thc bivouac on the Oucd-Bou- _^ _caxag , the 31 st ult ., the Marshal gives an account of several affairs ivith thc hostile Arabs , in one of which he killed fifty-five , wounded a great number , took sonic prisoners , and captured 3000 head of cattle . At the close of this dispatch the ninrslial says , in allusion to a loiter which he had received from General dc Lamoriciere : — " I always thought that Abdcl-Kader , if he could not succeed in creating for himself an empire in
France. The Jesuits.—Thc Jesuit Question...
Morocco , would come and fix himself in the : _miilst the hostile tribes of the desert of Mascara , v ...- ' . Tlemcen . These tribes have a population oi " 108 , 000 , which gives from 20 , 000 to 25 , 000 combatatits , With thc moving forces of this population Abd-cl-Kailcr can easily keep on the alert the greater part of the troops ofthe province of Oran , who arc obliged to remain on the defensive on account of the season , and because thev arc not prepared with the means of attacking an enemy in a distant country m which they could find no other resources than such as they
could take with them , and where they would . _iave frequently to march for two or thr ee ( Jays without finding water . Here is a fact lvhicl ) proves that we cannot stop short in our conquest . Wc must drive Abd-el-Kader out of this eountry . We cannot continually remain upon a ruinous and dangerous defensive . " The marshal encloses a report of General Bedcati , giving an account of an affair in the Aurcs , whieh , hc savs , has led to the entire submission of that part of the country . The enemy lost a great many mon , and the French burnt their villages . On . the side ofthe French the loss was only four lulled and twelve wounded .
Ar00116
Craw Flftobcmcntsl
Craw _flftobcmcntsL
The Shoemakers Of Ireland. To The Shoema...
THE SHOEMAKERS OF IRELAND . TO THE SHOEMAKERS OF EXGLAXD . Associated Shopmates , —According to thc arrangcmentsof the Conferenceoi'Shoemakcrs , hchi in Loudon on April 1 st , for _sendin-ja missionary to Ireland , Mr . Smyth arrived in Cork on thc 7 th inst ., and addressed the Womcn ' s-men on the 9 th in their iw > o » ing-room _, and afterwards explained the objects uf ' ..: ¦• Association to thc men ' s trade of Cork , also to the men of Youghal , county of Cork , the latter expressing their entire concurrence in the principles as expounded by the delegate . . Thc Men ' s-men adjourned their meeting to Wednesday , June llth , on which day Mr . Smyth addressed them , ami in an able manner urged on them thc benefits of union . A great number oi questions were put to the delegate _rc-i _* e . 'tit _* g the feeling o English operatives with respect to Ireland ,
and tho working out of the rules ; which were answered to thc general satisfaction ofthe meeting , and they unanimously resolved to become members of the Mutual Assis ance Cordwainers' Association . A voto of thanks was tendered to Mr . Smyth . On Wednesday two officers of tho trade , in company with thc delegate , visited thc Cove of Cork , and succeeded in forming an association , which promises to become very strong . Thus , in thc course ofa few days , several sections have been formed , plainly proving that we only want a clear and honest explanation ofthe system adopted by our shopmates iu England io join heart aud hand with theai in tlic stnutglc of right against mig ht . Wc thank our English shopmates for selecting Mr . Smyth for this mission , as his thorough knowledge ot thc system aud lucid explanation renders him " a powerful and successful _iidrocatc of the cause , and will insure a triumphant and honourable termination of his tour throuch our much
neglected country . Wishing you speed the cause , wc are yours faithfully , on behalf of the Cork Shoemakers' Society , TllOS . _IIORSFORD AXD B . _SllELUAN _* . Clonmel ( Ireland ) Shoemakers' _Societt . — On Friday Mr . Smyth , of Bradford , had an interview with the men of Clonmel , when arrangements were made for holding a meeting of thc trade on Monday , June IGth , to rc-organisc the association under thc English system , and form a district oi" the Cordwainers' Mutual Assistance Association . Oa Monday evening the Shoemakers of Watcrford _, of both branches , held a meeting in the Trades Hall , to hear an address from ! Mr . Smvth . Thc meeting was
numerous ; and after the rules had been read and explained , questions werc put to the delegate , who fully satisfied thc meeting of the superiority of the English system , and the facility of putting the rules in operation . A vote of thanks was tendered _ci the delegate for his able and minute explanation of thc rules , and both Mcn ' s-mcn and "Wonicn _' _s-mcn unanimously resolved tc join the Cortlwaiiiors' Mutual Assistance Association , Several towns ir : the county are expected immediately to follow the example of Waterford ; and thus , ere iong , the Association will be able to resist thc most powerful opposition that can be offered to the just claim of '" a fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s work . "
_Meeting of the Lokhom Shoemakers to Welcome Ma . Cooper . —A meeting of t ! : e London Shoemakers was _holilea on Monday last , in the large room _Turnagain-lane , tc ; welcome Mr . Cooper to the metropolis , after his recent _iucsiwiuioii in Stafford gaol . About two hundred persons were present . Mr . Shute was called to tho chair , av . d , after a lew remarks , read and presented an _ailui'css to Air . Cooper , expressive ef tin * admiration witli which those present regarded Mr . Cooper ' s career . Mr . Cooper replied in a lengthy _address , thanking his friends for their sympathy , detailing his early
struggles in the attainment of knowledge , and the leading events of his public life . He dwelt v . pon _tlw hardships ofhis imprisonment , and his struggles with the prison officials to obtain better treatment , in which , to a considerable extent , ho was successful . In conclusion , Mr . Cooper alluded to lus recent differences with Mv . O'Connor—stated he -ras r _, ov * __ reconciled With ihatgehtlenian , ami had renewed his membership ofthe Charter Association by taking out his card . Mr . Cooper Ycsivmed . his seat r . midst general applause . The concert and ball then commenced , and was continued with spirit to a late hour .
_WEDHEsin-JiY _Sno-x'AKERs . —Thc Shoemakers oi this town have been on strike , but ail the master . '' , with thc exception of Morris , have complied with the requests of the men . It is tho intention of tiie _Wcdncsbury section to appeal to the district secretary , to call a delegate meeting to consider the best means of organising this populous district . Du . vco . MM 3 Tzstijiosm _;" ,. _—Cc'iti ' , _* " ! Ommittec of Trades , Sic , Parthenium , 72 , St . Martin ' s-lane , _Wednesday Evening , Juno 18 th ; Mr . Grassby , Carpenter , in the chair . —Sums received from " Monmouth , Wales , per Henry Hearding , 2 * . -Id . - , Stratford , Essex , per Mr . Brailey , 3 s . Cd . ; collected by Mr . Docksey , per Mr . Shaw , os * . ; Mv . Mills , Carpenter , Is .
The Utf. Fatal Duel At Gosrout.—Vunoict ...
The utf . Fatal Duel at _GosrouT . _—VunoicT of Wilful _Muhder . —On Tuesday right last thc inquest on this case terminated , after _h-ivirg occupied the coroner and jury several days . ' ! he verdic t , returned was * . — " We find that the isy _. _nediate cause of Mr . Seaton _' s death was thc result of a surgical operation , rendered imperatively _ncecssiw ? by the imminent danger in which hc was placid by the infliction of a gun-shot wound which " lie received on thc 20 th of May last in a dud with Lieut . Henry Charles Moorhcad Hawkey , ofthe Royal . Marines ; wo therefore find , that the said Lieutenant _Hnwkcy and Edward Lawes Pyni _, as well as all tiie parties eoncerncil in the said duel , guilty of V . 'ilful Jhtrder . The jury would further express their unanimous conviction that everything which thc best _profw-ional skii / , the greatest attention , and the utmost kindness could suggest , was rendered to Mr . Seaton by his respective medical attendants . "
Fatal Accident . —On Monday morning , the IGth inst ., at seven o ' clock , an inquest was held at E ' nham , near the town and in tho borough of Andover , before Mr . H . Footner , coroner , upon the body of Mr . S , Guyatt , a respectable yeoman , holding a farm at Enham : The jury appointed Mr . C . Dale their foreman , and from the evidence of witnesses , it appeared Mr . Guyatt had been at Charlton , near Andover , the whole of Saturday , _shecp-washing , preparatory to his annua ! sheaving , and , tVom the fatigue and extreme heat of the day , liad taken more beef than he had been accustomed to . Hc left thc Royal Oak Inn at Charlton , on horseback , about ten o ' clock at night , for his own residence , riding very fast . His
wife , sitting up for her hnshind , about twelve o ' clock , heard his horse in a meadow _behind thc house , and , on calling thc carter , the horse w ; . 3 found there , with saddle and bridle , and without his master . The carter then commenced a search , and , about a mile from the farm , i _' onnii Mv . Guyatt , lying in _^ _nviWe under a hedge . Mr . Wcstlake , surgeon , of Andover , deposed that lie saw the deceased about three o ' clock on Sunday morning , at his own house , and , on examination , found . 1 contusion on thc back of his head , which , he stated , caused death . The jury returned a verdict of " Accidental Death . " The deceased waa about forty , a plain English farmer , and much respected in the neighbourhood .
_Fin > : at Sji . u'Kir . TO . _1-. —Thi . ** morning , _lietwecn twelve and one o ' clock , a fire was discovered in the _premises of Mr . C . Soltuow , chemist , in Wcll ' mgtonstrcet , Shaekleve !! . The flames originated in the shop , and the inmates being amused , tlicy _tnvtunately effected their escape . Information nf the outbreak was famished to thc five stations ; but tiie _inm-ites , neighbours , . mil _po'k-e _Imviusj- exerted * themselves to lie utmf » , t , they succeeded In . _' _.-linitn _^ hing thc flames during the time lost in sending for the engines , The _di-jiv . go notwithstanding i * ennsirfprable , nearly all the stock in trade being in _;* . ircd bv fir- ' _, smoke , and water , and the building damaged hv fire ' , the occupier is believed to beutsuvcil m the ntlas
I he Great _Westesx Railway , Fridav F . ver . iug . ~ As the express train to i _' _addint'tOH , eo > _Nitiii "'> riour _passeiiircrs' earriagjs and a _lug-inge va : ; , „ . _**< , » ca .. reached Salt-lull , the CLgine-drivcr ob . _* : ei _* ved tliat thc luggage van wa . * * . _* Y the rail , lie immc _. _liaWy _slackened the speed , am ! stopped thc ira j ; _hf- _forc it had proceeded a _iiuavior oi * a mile _farlhcr , _wiilioi ;* _causing the _slightct alarm to the _pas-Fcnccrs . The driver then proceeded with the P ' . _* . _' . ' _;;!;> to Sion ; .-: ) and returned with ihe : icce . ? t 1 'iry _ass-isi . ir . ee ! o replace the van , which was done in half an hour , a : 'd ' ! he train proceeded to town . _Fui'timatviy the van was in the rear of the _carriatie _.-i , Of the . _iccidont mi _<* ht have proved of serious _coiiseqiiencc . The p _;> . _™» ,, ' , cro during the delay did not leave tV . e _eav-.- _* _; _:..-. _^ "'' * " '"
4i T ' ™ S ?. Wh Ha-Vc-A'-Iore Delegates...
4 i T ' _™ S ? . _hA-vc-A' _-iORE Delegates will meet r the Charfast Association Room , _Uartiey-strcct Ilev
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 21, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_21061845/page/1/
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