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Northern Star (1837-1852), 21st June 1845, Edition 3 of 2, Page 4, THE GRAHAM SETTLEMENTS. Ly thc Northern ...

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    • Cfiartctf inteuwnt 4 THE NORTHERN STAR. June 21, 1845. ^
    • THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, JUNE 21, 1815.
    • Co ftea&ersi $c Corttsfpoi^ente*
    • gtritents!, -Menm; , & hwwm
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      Cfiartctf Inteuwnt 4 The Northern Star. June 21, 1845. ^

      _Cfiartctf inteuwnt 4 THE NORTHERN STAR . June 21 , 1845 . _^

      London. R-W Rawnsr Hail, 1, Turnagain-La...

      LONDON . _r-w _rawnsr Hail , 1 , Turnagain-lane , Sunday e _&^ SSiu-A FoHBe meeting was held in _SSSSe WB . Xfr . Overton _^ _unaiumoiis _^ StheSir . ArcsoMion , approv _^ ofthe _Ciart _^ GUperative Land Society , was then proposed , and TcVv _^ bly spoken to by Messrs . Dear , T . IL Wheeler , and " others , and carried iinanimously . W- £ SB » issiEH . -The members , of the above _flou-SEimn Club , 72 , _^ l _^^ _wateAA Sundav evenmg last with a _lwture by Mr Phihp M'Grath , on " the Land and its capabilities . A numerous and respectable audience was present . Air G "flitchins was nnannnously called to the chair . that

      Mr . M'Grath said , in relation to his subject , wc had sixty-seven million acres of land capable of cultivation , which would maintain at least 134 , 000 , 000 of inhabitants ; while at the present time we had not more than 30 , 000 , 000 souls in the united kingdom . This calculation was not the deduction of a mere visionarv—enthusiast—or mad Chartist . ( Laughter . ) No / this calculation was made by able tacticians whose authority was undoubted — Lord Lauderdale and Sheriff Allison . He was , therefore , under the mark when he said the laud wsSlu support three ti _^ es u . c amount of our present population . ( Cheers , i But thc great question was , bow saall wc get possession o ; it . _*• King Alfred had granted ten millions of acres cf good Jsisd , not bog or morass ,

      to the people , wiiich was called common lands ; and a _* tlioii"h revo ' s ::: on succeeded revolution , this land was held . sacred till thc reign of Queen Anne , when the incks-urc mania commenced , and since that time the people had been deprived of 70 , 000 acres ol tlieir besT- land : raid recently Lord Worsiey nad made several attempts to get an Act passed to take away the i-enuui . dcr , and had so far succeeded as to in . ' ruee thc Ean of Lincoln , on behalf of the Govcrnmei't , toi : itrodv . ccas : rjilarmeasure , which , nnlessthe _peonk * _k-siirred themselves , would assuredly be earned . ( Hear , hear . ) Now if those ten millions oi acres were to revert to the people onthe small farm system , _ailowine ffve acres to each family , it would place two niifiion of ianiilics on the land , aud givc _

      _austciitaiiou to mvriads of human beings ( loud cheers ); but lie did " not anticipate tliat thc people would obtain the land nationally , until such timo as tlicy were ia possession of the elective franchise . ( Hear , hear . ) A National Confcn ? nce of Trades was about to be held in this metropolis . Hc was mucu in favour ofa national organisatiou of the Trades , and be'lcved sack a body wonld possess ihe power of obtahiing anything they pleased ; but should the ensuing Conference assemble and disperse without taking up and carrying out to its legitimate extent the great question of the _land , he could not help thinking their labours would be worse than useless , as the old Trade svsteai of proceeding , by means of strikes only , too surelv indicated . Witness the Shoemakers '

      strike at Bradford , when , after a hard struggle , the men had io submit to worse terms than before . Then there were the Masons , who justly revolted against thc tyrant Allen * but , alas ! after a protracted and _noblestraggle , from exhaustion they werecompolled to submit . There ivas also the expensive strike of the Cotton-spinners of Preston , which shared a similar fate . Last , but by no means the least , came the Miners' strike—a strike having justice for its foundation—a strike , too , of one ofthe best organised bodies in existence : and be it remembered those men oidy asked for their labour , and thc imminent risk of their lives , the paltry sum of fifteen _shilling per week ; yet , after a protracted struggle of twenty weeks , during which the men , their wives and families _^ nobly bore np against every privation , only receiving during that time , from tfie other portion ofthe people , something

      like _fourpcnce-nalfpcnnv each . let this wormy , desen-ii !< r , and trvlv noble body of men were defeated 3 Why *—because " Trades * Unions have hitherto acted on erroneous principles . There is a surplus of hands in ihe labcar Earlier , which can only be removed by making a proper use of the land . ( Loud eheers . Tlic land was the remedy for the evils that prevailed in this great metropolis and the manufacturing towns ; and it was the duty of all to step forward and endeavour to stem the tide of misery , destitution , and wretchedness that now prevailed , and make their country the abode of liberty , truth , and justice . Mr . ll'Grath resumed his seat amid loud applause . Questions wore asked and answered by thc lecturer ; alter which several persons took eut sliares , and paid theu * deposit . An addition was also made to the members of the National Charter Association . A vote of thank ? was awarded bv acclamation to Mr .

      M'Gr ath , and the meeting dissolved . Meeijxg at the East _Exd of _Losbos . —A densely crowded meeting was held in thc Hall of Science , _Wiiitteliapcl , on Mondayevenmg , June IGth , in support cf the Chartist Co-operative Land Society . Mr . _llrake w ? _s unanimously called to the chair , and n a brief _speci-n _onenedthebusinea , concluding by _introttacine : Mr . M'Graih . Mr . M'Grath entered nto an exnosition of the Land plan , showing its origii * , practicr . hility , and the great advantages to be derived therefrom . _—Feargns O'Connor , Esq ., then rose , and was 2 reeted with the most hearty cheering which having " subsided , he said , —For his part , hc courted opposition , and in thestornior thecalnihehad alwavs stood bv the Chartist body , and never shrunk

      from disenssion . ( Loud cheers . ) He then entered into a splendid defence of the Chartist Co-operative Lai : d plan , and showed the utter absurdity of the objections raised bv a certain weakly journal , and the Sax blundersmadc by the author of those very futile etlions . Mr . O'Connor then proceeded to speak with great cifeei on the Land movement in America , and showed that the Chartist mind in England had actually given the impetus to thc workers in America . Chartism had now created a mind that nought could retard . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . O'Connor next showed the great advantage to be derived to trades by the adoption of the Land plan ; and showed that the prosperity of a nation depended not on the wealth monopolised in thc hands ofthe few , but on the comforts of the many ; and said , if the society had a colony of 120 acres in each county in "England , that it would of necessity compel the manufacturer to pay a much _"hio-her scale of wattes . It was because the

      Chartist Land _nlan _wouldestablishanataralstandard of-wages that made the manufacturers and theirpress its rabid opponents . Mr . O'Connor concluded by showing that it would be in the power of the members to alter the rules ; and that should a majority be in favour of larger allotments it could be easily effected . —Mr . Spencer made a few remarks in favour of Venezuelan emigration . Some discussion ensued on the Chartist Land plan , and Mr . F . O'Connorhavmg replied , Mr . Jones rose , and in a most effective speech proposed a resolution in favour of the Chartist Co-oiterative Land Society , and of thanks to Mr . F . O'Connor , which was seconded by Mr . Dlingsworth , and carried unanimously . —Mr . O'Connor responded . —A large quantity of rules was disposed of . Several took up shares , aud paid their deposits thereon . A vote of thanks was given to the chairman , and the meeting dissolved .

      Somers f owx . —On Sunday evening last a respect able audience assembled in the TTall of Science , King ' s Gross . Mr . dolm Arnott was called to the chair , who in a few brief remarks introduced Mr . Bolwell , of Bath . Mr . Bolwell took for his subject " The Monopoly of tiie Soil ; " and ably proved , by statistical documents and Parliamentary returns , that in the united kingdom there arc four acres of land for every maa , woman , and cliild . Mr . Bolwell resumed his " scat amid the cheers of his audience . After a vote of thanks to the lecturer , thc meeting was dissolved .

      HUDDERSFIELD . A -meeting was held on Monday _evening last , ICih 3 nne , at Turner ' s Temperance Hotel , Chapel-hill , when it was unanimously agreed to form a district committee ofthe Chartist Co-operative Laud Society . Twenty-six shares were subscribed for , and the first instalment of ls . id . per share was immediately paid on seventeen shares into the hands of Mr . J . Leech , the district treasurer . —The committee will sit next Monday evening , at half-past eight o'clock , at thc same place , to receive contributions , when all persons dearous of taking shares are desired to attend at that hour .

      NORTH LANCASHIRE . _CnAmiST Camp Meetesg . —On Sunday last a camp meeting was held on Marsden Height , near Burnley There was a _sjoodlv _gatherins of sterling democrats as- * nibled under the * ' broad blue sky , " who were highly edified by the addresses of Messrs . Mooney Gray " , Williams and Todd .

      LEEDS . Tun La > - » T _* la > - . —Since our last notice , we have liad two excellent meetings in the Vicars Croft . Ms . _Jai-5-: _sc _* i' of Manchester , along with Messrs . Shaw , Hall , aud Stansfeld _, addressed the meeting held on _Sui'day afternoon , June Sth . There was a very laivi * attendance , and the speeches delivered were veiy _cffi-ctive ; and on Sunday last Mr . Shaw again deliver- 1 a very excellent address on the question _oftl-c Liudro _' a numerous audience . These outdoor meet _hg ? will have a great effect . It is the intentio ; . «« _f-l-e e «* _* nncil to continue them . The Land Society ,- - making rapid progress . It now amounts to sev « . _ty-six members , and the amount received for _instalment , is about £ 14 . Many more persons

      _wouMi' _-ivejoinedthescriety before this , but they -wish to see the rules first . There is vsi donbt that when they come down , and get well circulated amongst the Trades , that the members will soon be double what they are now . Onc person from Ghnrwell has joined this branch , and another from Idle has also joined . It has been contemplated by the dj _^ _toR in this branch of employmenttoemployamisa ? _" * _5-f atten < _- * such , places as Chtirwell , Morley , _jUm Rothwell , for the purpose of forming branches . - _^ ate i " *¦ _*» doubt * many persons in those places Who wouH join the Land Society if it be explained to _^ _*^ Tlle 3 nestion o "* ' _leeturer will be brought "forward aram before the district board , and verv _plOWily wfll lie adopted ; every means that can be TOGO , to push the Land question forward will be taken

      London. R-W Rawnsr Hail, 1, Turnagain-La...

      by the _LeedVdirectors . They are _determined that this question shall not fail , if they can prevent it . Let other district boards do likewise , and then the experiment will soon be made . The district board , at a recent meeting , appointed Mr . Squire l ' arrar , chairman , Mr . James Wardle treasurer , and Mr . W . Brook secretary .

      The Pbiscess's Theatke.—The Manager Of T...

      The Pbiscess ' s Theatke . —The manager of this , "the prettiest theatre in London , " deserves well of the _English public for introducing to them Miss Cushman , the _American actress . She is by far the best female performir on the stage . Devoid of rant—possessing little of i :: ere stage-trickery—with a face and voice calculated to tell against her rather than in her favour , she has the rare art of delineating passion and feeling in such a truthful manner thatthe _audietce arc irresistibly carried away with her efforts , and hail her with enthusiastic demonstrations of applause . Those who have seen her Mrs . Hatter will never forget it : nor will the remembrance of her Meg _Merrilies be speedily effaced from the mind . Itwas , we are bold to say , the only impersonation of Scott ' s Meg ever witnessed . " There was the figure ; the features ; the powerful and almost masculine mind , with itsfitfu _* . aberrations , bnt bent with absorbing interest on the f * rtuncs of the EUengowan family—indeed itwas _^ fta 1 • rriKes herself : her that held the Gipsy tribe hi awe ; that

      frightened the learned lore out of tue lieau ol laitniui _Dcxnuxe Sampson ; that baffled the lawyer-canning of Gilbert Glossin ; that enlisted , by a loo ! ., the power of the honest country bruiser , Dandic i > iiimo » t ; and that cowed , Dirk _Hatte ' ricl ; in spite of all his Dutch ucvilism . "Mr . Compton , as Domine Sampson , with his exorcisms _^ to prevent the fancied conjurations of Meg from attccting liim , was ii _.-jinitable . Compton is one of the best comedians we have on tlic boards . Ilk humour is uot broad and intrusive , but quiet , rich , telling : you do not sec in his delineations the mere buftbon , but an actor with a true concep - uou of liis character , aud a purpose in his acting . Mr . _AVallcr , as JJandie Linmout , who fears nothing hut . _- . _tchcr-S—who says of Meg that "be she witch or devil , L ' s all e 10 to _Dtrndie , " and yet _acknowledges that " he felt queer like _r . _Iien she was conjuring , " was really excellent . 3 ! r . A ?! en , _xvs Harry _Bertram , _sungdciiglCiU'ly , and Miss E . Stanley , as Julia- Mamicring , with _Mudlle . Helen ConJell , as Li :: j Bertram , _acou tted themselves well . The characters throughout _weic well sustained , ar d the whole performance did great credit to thc talented

      company . The _Feasess' _i-rsicAt axd Literary Evexixgs . — It was with feelings of uo ordinary satisfaction that we saw it announced that thc Fraser family were about again to visit the Metropolis : for , entertaining a vivid recollection of the liigh _giTlification they had afi ' ordcd in the provinces , we were glad of the opportunity to renew our acquaintance . Itis indeed a treat of no conunon order to spend an " evening" with them , listening to the sentimental songs of the younger , and the bravura songs of the elder . Miss Fraser . They appear not only to sing the words , but to thiuk the thoughts , and feel the feelings of thc poet whose production they are giving expression unto . Iu duets tlieir voices harmonise beautifully : but itis in some favourite glee , in which the sentiment of the poet aud ihe music of thc composer are richly and appropriately blended together , that the " family" appear to full advantage . We recommend all within the sphere of our influence to pay them a visit . They will not regret cither the time or the money .

      Tbe Colosseum . —This temple of ingenuity aud pictorial art has lately becu much improved by thc addition of thc splendid painting of London by Night . To 2 ive a description of this picture , so as to convey an approximate idea to thc reader of the sublime scene presented to viewis beyond our power ; and we must content ourselves with a bare notice of the sights which may be seen by day and by night , reminding ouv readers that tliey must see the reality before they can atall appreciate our description of it . The entrance from _llegent-s Fark has undergone considerable _in-provement , in addition to which a new one has been made from Albany-street . The one from Albanystreet is the only one open during the evening exhibition . On entering from Regent ' s Fark the visitor defends to the basement story and enters the _Gltptotheca , or Museum of Sculpture , the magnificence of which at once strikes the eye . Here may be found studies for all minds ; statues of all grades , from thc Queen in her robes of splendour to

      the houseless wanderer shivering in the storm , clothed only with rags . The splendour of the room will please the eye , thc statues afford food for the mind , for both grave and gay . In the centre of the room is the circular framework , enclosing the staircase leading to the panorama , and the ascending and descending room . To those persons inclined to corpulency we would recommend the staircase , the ascension by it will aftbrd them pleasant exercise ; but to others we would say , cuter tho ascending room and take the ups and downs of Colosseum life easy . This room is capable of holding twelve persons , aud is raised by means of machinery in connection with a steamengine . It is beautifull y fitted up in the Eiizebethan style , and is worth the attention of the visitor . On _lcaring the ascending room the visitor ivill , without any stretch of fancy , imagine himself on the gallery above the outer dome of St . Paul ' s cathedral * , iu passing round which nailery , the whole of St .

      ¦ Paul ' s ; the bright line of lights from thc shops in the leading thoroughfares , stretching out as far as the eye can trace , contrasted with the . dark masses of buildings relieved only at intervals by a * sort of ignius fatuus , or now and then _orightened by the fitful glare from tlic balcony of some distant market , renders thc whole scene imposing anil pleasing in the extreme . Descending again to the glyptotheca , the visitor proceeds by a corridor , like the one by which he entered this museum , which leads to the refreshment room , at the north end of which is a door leading to fhe Swiss Cottage , with Mont Blanc , the gkcicrs , and the mountain torrent . At ibe south eud of thc refreshment room is the entrance tf > the conservatories , the Gothic aviary , the ancient ruins , the promenade , and the stalactite caverns ; any one of which will s urprise tbe visitor , particularly the caverns—a visit to which will amply repay the time spent . A more particular description of these must be reserved for a future notice . The

      overgrown city of London is also presented to view . To attempt a description of this magnificent work of art would be futile . Another short _staircase leads to a higher gallery , from which the great picture is seen in another point of view : but the view from this point does not give a similar idea of tiie hurry and bustle of the crowded thoroughfares , the eye being more directed to the outskirts of the vast congregations of bricks and mortal-. Another staircase leads out to the top of the Colosseum , from which a fine view is obtained of Bcgent ' s Park and the buildings around . It is here that the visitor is struck with the immensity of the scene he has just left . The circumscribed view , blotted as it is on all sides by smoke , soon compels him to return , and gaze upon a great city , on a plain , encircled by hills in the distance , rather than upon a patch from one side of such city , which patch , compared with the picture , seems paltry and almost unworthy of notice . London bi Xight , from the same galleries , also impresses the visitor with the vastness of the metropolis .

      Rotal _PoiTTEcnsic _Ikstitctioh . —The perfect drainage , not only ofthe surface , but also ofthe subsoil , is now acknowledged to be one of the primary elements in the process of agriculture ; but the immense outlay of capital necessary to carry out such an object has proved a great drawback upon the progressive improvement of our waste lands : consequently large tracts of countiy , which by draining might be brought into a state of cultivation , remain worse than useless ; for not only are they unproductive as regards crops , but are constantly giving off poisonous effluvia from the stagnant water and decaying vegetable matter which they contain , which must necessarily exert considerable influence over the sanatory

      condition ofthe country . These facts , together with the constant excitement kept up among agriculturists , seem to have acted as powerful stimuli to the inventive genius of man ; for in addition to the ingenious contrivance of Mr . _Ainslie for making draining tiles , pipes , & c , lately deposited at the Polytechnic Institution , there are two others—one by Messrs . Cottam and Halem , engineers , and the other by Mr . _TTc-bstcr , of Southampton—each differing from the other iu construction , but all beautifully simple and effective . Of course we do not presume to say winch machine will prove the most useful , but would strongly recommend an inspection of them to all those who may feel an interest in such matters .

      The Northern Star. Saturday, June 21, 1815.

      THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , JUNE 21 , 1815 .

      The Graham Settlements. Ly Thc Northern ...

      THE GRAHAM SETTLEMENTS . Ly thc Northern Star of the loth of February last , we commented , at considerable length , on the New Bill to " alter and amend tiie law of Settlement , " aB brought in by Sir James Graham ; calling attention not only to the revolutionary nature of several parts of the measure itself , but also to the nationally humi-Hating declarations of the Home _Secketakt in introducing it . It was on the occasion of propounding the nature of his new measure , that this functionary proclaimed in the face ofthe world , that in this England of ours ; this place where civilisation is so much

      _advanccu ; ' where thc arts and sciences have been extensively applied in aid of the natural means of producing wealth ; where the means of luxury to thc higher and middle orders have increased so prodigiously during the last century : it was on this occasion , that the Home Minister ofthe " most free , " the " most enlightened , " the " most rich , " the " most civilised , " and the " most Christian" people in the world , enunciated the humih ' ating fact that " OXE-TEXTH OF THE WHOLE _POPl'LATIOX OP ExGLAXD axd Wales are paupers—receiving relief from the poor-rate . "

      To the measure itself , as he had introduced it , wc expressed decided objections . While contending that some alteration in the law of Settlement , to suit the much-altered circumstances wliich our "highstate of _civiliration " had superinduced , was much needed , we showed that the measure introduced by thc Home Secretary , was anything but that which was required . The evil he had to provide for was , the gross hardship attendant on the removal ofa labourer from a locality where hc had spent thc mam portion of his life and enriched by his labour , to a locality where hc was a stranger ; with whose habits and modes of work he was entir ely unacquainted , having ,

      may be , left it in his youth ; and there leaving him a burden upon those who had derived no advantage from either thc employment of his physical powers or the expenditure of his wages : but instead of providing for this evil in the only effectual way in which it can be met , by making residence for a stated period , longer or shorter , confer a settlement , Sir James merely proposed to place certain limitations on thc power of removal . But while he proposed this , —a very inadequate remedy for a monstrously unjust practice , —he also proposed to break up the entike parochial ststem of _Exolanh ; to destroy our parishes ; and to make of our laud a conglomeration of Union districts !

      The Graham Settlements. Ly Thc Northern ...

      In proposing his measure , Sir James stated that he had no intention of pressing it to a second reading , till there had been time to collect the opinions of persons best informed on such subjects ; and he professed to commit his plan to that species of examination , with entire confidence as to the merits of the measure . That " examination" has been had . Thc opinions of Boards of Guardians , Overseers of thc Poor , Courts of Quarter Session , and of individual magistrates and other practical men , have been forwarded to the Home Secretary . All , ov nearly all , of those opinions have been decided and

      stronsr , agaixst the proposal to break-up our ancient land-marks , and substitute a new division which could confer no good on any , but which , in its disruption of settled feelings and habits , would produce evil incalculable . The parties who have had the management of the existing law , have , to their eternal honour , protested against the proposed disruption of the frame-work of society ; have showed that such an exercise of power would be most disastrous ; have proved that the plea of providing a wider field for employment to any beneficial extent was practically inadmissablc andfallacious ; and have

      exposed thc mockery of holding up as a boon to the poor man his not being removable under the proposed law from one parish to another in the same uuion , while he could not only be dragged from any parish in the union to the Union Workhouse , but carted to the extremity of thc kingdom , where he might not have a living relation . And these opinions have had their effect . In the face of such a strong expression of feeling , the Home Secretary has not dared to go on . That portion of his measure he has abandoned . He no longer intends to m'css for the repeal of Parish

      settlements , that hemay Unionize thc country for the Poor Law Commissioners—if there be any faith in words . In answer to thc representations made by the parties above spoken of , on thc point of substituting Uxio . v for Parish settlements , Sin James , — although with evident reluctance , —said , that " if those who are experienced in the matter were not prepared to give their * assent to that measure , he should not be inclined to press it . " So we have , for thctimcpresent , _escapedrtat ; danger . Sir James is _graciouslypleased to forego the enforcingoftheniost

      complete revolution in our habits and notions and consequent feelings , that has been attempted since Harry the Eighth ' s time , because hc sees signs of rebellion against his project on the part of those who have the executing of the law : and so we are saved the tremendous infliction I Well ; "thank the gods for tho good they do send us : " and if they would only send Sir James himself out ofhis office , as well as his revolutionary schemo of upsetting the Parishes of England out of his bill , wc should be devoutly thankful indeed !

      But this is not the only change that has been effected in Sir Jameb ' s mind , by " that species of examination by those best informed on the subject " which he bespoke for his measure . He has announced a change of opinion on the point of residence confcringasettlement . Tobesurethisisnothingnew : for his " opinion" on this point has been extraordinarily vacillating for so _consistexxt a statesman ! In tho measure for improving parochial settlements which he introduced at the close of Last session , he proposed to repeal aH existing statutes on the question , and to proceed to legislate , de novo , on the

      ground that birth , and birth only , was to be the ground of settlement : providing , however , that parties should not be removable who had ordinarily resided and worked in or near a parish for five xjears . Here was a recognition of the principle that industrial residence should confer a settlement ; or at all events prevent the power of removability from being operative . But in his bill of this session , thc Home Secretary gave up this provision . He alleged that were he to maintain it , a peat advantage would be conferred on thc rural districts , at the expense of the towns . It is well known that the population ,

      through the operation of our " high civilisation , " is draivn from the rural districts to the towns ; that the disinclination of the land-lords to build cottages and " encumber" their estates with workers , compels thc _gons and daughters of agricultural labourers to leave their homes , and " try their luck" in the factories and thc mines of the manufacturing districts ; that these parties often live nearly a whole life in one spot , labouring incessantly for inadequate remuneration , helping to build up " fortunes" for the " lucky" employers , and adding to the " gains" of the shopkeepers of their respective neighbourhoods ;

      and a provision , to prevent these same parties from being carted back to the place from whence they originally migrated , when the time came that they were in the state Sir James says " one in every ten of our population" now is , to be supported by the _famiei'S and labourers of the place they had been drawn or driven from , was held to be an injustice to the towns which had enjoyed the benefit of the " paupers' " services . Why , _thisisthecryingevilofthepresentlawof Settlement which needs " amendment , " or rather a remedy . But Sir James had had the benefit of a

      " new light" during thc recess . Whether it was that thc factory masters had been at him , and showed that liis first-proposed measure would prevent them from "doing what they liked" in times of "depression" with the "hands" they had coaxed into the manufacturing districts when " prosperity " was having a swing , we cannot say . Whether it was that they represented to liim , that one of their great holds on the fears of the landlord class would be loosed by his first proposal ; that they could not do , as they did at Stockport , in 1842 , threaten to remove thousands out of that town alone on to the

      estates they had left m their infancy , to be there maintained till trade revived : whether it was that these considerations swayed the determination of our home minister , as expressed at thc end of last session , we cannot tell : but certain it is , that in his Settlement Bill of this session , his former proposition , —the only good one in it , —was abandoned ; and in its place we had thc monstrous attempt to destroy parochial Settlement altogether , and substitute a Settlement by Uxioxs constituted under the Poor Law Amendment Act .

      "W hatever , however , may have been the cause of thc change of opinion thus manifested by our uxichangeablc Minister —( we wish that we could change him for a tetter!)—it has not been sufficient to in ducc him to retain the new one . Another " change has conic o ' er thc spirit of his statesmanship . " What the operating cause may have been in this instance is as inexplicable as in thc former one ; but the time and manner of his intimating thc change is calculated to give rise to thc suspicion that our Minister was

      afraid of being " over-bid . " Itwas during the discussion on Lord Jonx Russell ' s notable nine resolutions , for securing the workman a belter SHARE of the fruits of his oivn industry , that the second change of opinion on thc part of the Home Secretary was announced ; and it was consequent on , or at all events subsequent to , thc delivery of opinions on thc part of Lord Jonx opposed to those embodied in the measure of Graham ' s then before thc House . Speaking of the contemplated alterations in thc law of Settlement , the Noble Lord said : —

      The right hon . gentleman , the Home Secretary , stated , that it was a great hardship for labourers not to be able to transfer tlieir labour from places wliere it was not wanted to other parts where they could command employment , and that thc law of settlement operated injuriously in this respect . But the right lion , gentleman has not persisted in the proposal he made last year , viz ., that five years' industrious _emjxloyxxicnt should give a _settleinent . -Sow , it seems to me that tbat is a principle b . v which mainly an amendment can be made in thc situation ofthe labourers grown up in agricultural parishes . The people in such parishes reckon , when tbey marry ,

      that some of their sons and daughters may find employment in manufacturing towns ; but after they have gone there , and after , by ten or twelve years' employment , they have added to the wealth and importance of these tmons , if there comes a period of distress , the right hon . gentleman would propose that these persons should be sent back to the places of their Urfh . I confess that this does not appear to be either equitable or necessary . I think that there should be some enactment by which , after a certain period , these parties should obtain a settlement in the places wliere they have been industriously employed , and to whose wealth they have contributed , . — - * _TE

      The Graham Settlements. Ly Thc Northern ...

      This " speaking out on the pars of Lord John , — who , by-the-bye , has been Home Secretary himself , and who never tiien enunciated " the principle by which mainly an amendment can be made in the situation of thc labourers grown up in agricultura parishes ; " this clear and forcible manner of stating thc whole question , as to the evils and remedy for the present law of Settlement , called up Sir James who thereupon spoke as follows : —

      In the course of last session I did bring in a measure contemplating an extensive change in the system of settlement . I then proposed a birth setllemcnl as the only settkxnenl . I certainly found , during the recess , that the proposition of a birth settlement was open to great objection . # # I am disposed to think that it may fie _desimMi * _withoutgiviiig settlement the basis of industrial vesidenca only , to give to industrial residence for acertain number of x jears the benefit of irremovability . That , 1 tliink would be an arrangement well worthy of consideration ; but 1 am sensible that , if adopted , it is an arrangement which will bear with great severity ou towns , unless it be accompanied with some power of removing after some period of industrial residence short of the period of irremovability .

      Here wc have hini hack again to the principle of his first measure . Here we have him again proposing "irremovability" after a certain number of years ' industrial residence . Here wo have him following thc example just set him by Lord John Russell , enunciating the "true principle of Settlement Reform . " Whether hc will long continue in his present mind is move than wc can say . Indeed it seems to be matter of doubt whether his measure will bo prosecuted this session at all . Thc rocond reading of thc bill has ben indefinitely postponed . There is no anxiety manifested to

      "hurry it on , " as there has been with thc " State Church No . 2 " Endowment Bill , in both Houses . No time is even named as to when it is likely to be proceeded with : and the other night , a member of the " Upper House , " on presenting petitions against it , said , that " it was very probable that their lordships would not see thc measure at all this session . " It is impossible therefore to say what shape this Protean-Bill will ultimately assume : but one thing is certain ; that if tho people permit it to

      pass in the _shapo it was introduced this session , they may prepare to hand over to the " Three Devil-Kings" all the few remaining libcities they possess . The character of the Minister they have to deal with , as evidenced in these vacillating changes of opinion , renders it probable that the r-evolutiosary " snake is only scotched—not killed" : and if they are not mindful , they may find it coiled around thc remnant of the great Saxon social superstructure , and the system devised by Alfred poisoned to thc core .

      Labour Beginning At Tiie Right End. It H...

      LABOUR BEGINNING AT TIIE RIGHT END . It has long been a received axiom , indisputable and undisputed , that "labour is the source of all wealth . " And yet it has been the fashion to treat labour , in the person of the labourer , as if it was worse than utterly worthless—burdensome on the possessors of capital . In all questions affecting labour and capital , the latter is assigned thc firs place , and is thc nios . t jealously guarded . Let thc workman ask for such an amount of wages as will enable him to procure the meanest necessaries of life and herd in " No . 83 , GRACE-c / wcfc-strect , White

      Abbey , " and hc is told that capital cannot afford it : reminded that if he be exorbitant in his demands , capital will take to itself wings , and fly away . Let the factory cliild aud its distressed and over-worked mother ask of a Christian Legislature thc enactment of a measure to prevent the godly from working them to death , and they are told that capital cannot secure its due profit unless they work the " last two hours" of a fifteen hours' day ! Let thc Hand-loom Weaver seek for the means of protection against the unequal competition of the steam-loom , and he is indignantly met by the question : " would you fetter the free

      employment of capital ? " Let him complain of his _coxxdition ; of his being reduced to beggary ; of his vegetating on _ljd . a day ; of his having to sleep in the COAL-HOLE : let him complain of these tilings , and he is insultingly told to " become a capitalist" and " change his occupation . " In every grade and rank of life above that of the labourer , capital is regarded as far above—far more valuablefar more useful , than labour : and even in the ranks of labour itself , —such is the influence of slavish fashion , —thero are hosts * who look up to capital as a very god—without whose countenance and favour they would pine and die .

      Now a little reflection , would teach those who thus give the preference to that which has been caused to be bv . labour , that their notions of the place and influence of capital arc _irreconcilable with thc axiom they are constantly enunciating . If labour be the source of all wealth , is it not clear that" capital " itself owes its existence to labour , and , therefore , ought to rank second only in the relative order they should occupy one towards thc other ? What is capital , but the accumulated fruits of industry ? The raw material for any description of manufacture , cannot be gathered without labour , even when

      presented by spontaneous nature . Thc cotton must be gathered ; the sheep must be shorn ; thc flax must be heckled ; the silk must be unwound , even before they can be put into the labourer ' s hands to convert into articles of clothing . So , in like manner , must the gold be got from the mine , before " money" can be made , * and to get the fruits from thc tree , tBe corn from the stalk , thc roots from the earth , labour is required . If every atom of that which is called capital was destroyed , labour could make its way : but if labour was but absent for an hour , capital would not be worth a " row of pins . "

      And yet in this "highly-civilised state" of ours , capital is not without its uses—real uses . It can be reproductivelyapplied , Itcan set labour to work , giving the labourer a small portion of his productions as a reward , and taking to itself the lion ' s " SHARE . " It therefore follows , that if labour would ever occupy a position to enable it to secure for itself thc proceeds of its own skill and toil , it must adopt the advice of the economists to the Hand-loom Weavers , and possess capital itself . With capital of its own it can

      set itself to work . With capital of its own it can retain in its own possession a far greater share of the productions it causes to hc , than now falls to its " SHARE . " Witli capital of its own it can secure the " . profit of capital , " as well as tlic wages-reward of industry . With capital of its own it can double , and double again , its original means ; it can accumulate ; it can add to , in an increased and increasing ratio . It can become well-fed , well-clothed , welllodged , " respectable , " feared , and honoured .

      The obtaining of capital is not so difficult a matter as at first sight it would appear ; and the application of it , to profitable purposes , is less difficult still . For thc truth ofthe first position , sec what has been done by the Working Colliers or Oldham ! They have saved and gathered their pence . Enough of pence makes a good capital . The poor , " ignorant" _Minerehavc saved and gathered as much as has bought them EIGHTEEN ACRES OF COAL ! They ave going to " get" that coal themselves ; take it to market themselves ; sell it themselves : put thc proceeds in their pockets themselves ; and enjoy those proceeds themselves . They have got a fancy in their heads that they can do all this . They know they can purchase thc eighteen

      acres— for they have done it . They think they can sink a pit—for they have done it for others , and arc now engaged in sinking for themselves . They are certain they can manage to " get" thc coal when the shaft is sunk—for such has been their occupation all their lives . They are persuaded , too , they can find customers for their coal , when it reaches the top : for the y have neighbours , and friends , and persons with lohom they deal . They fancy , moreover , that they can manage to live on the united proceeds of " labour and capital ; " for tlicy have hitherto had to exist on thc "SHARE" awarded to labour alone ; and they have seen that the "SHARE" taken by capital enabled its possessors to become " gentlemeu " —quite " respectable , " in " no time . " Now , if the " Oldham rough-heads" can do this , could not other sections pf the labourers act

      similarly ? That would be a real union of Labour and Capital . Such a union would be productive of real benefit . Is it not clear that as long as the services of men are hired by those who labour not themselves , but who have to be maintained by the hived " hands " in a far more sumptuous manner than they in their most extravagant day-dreams dare to think of , SLAVERY IN ESSENCE must exist ? Can true freedom exist , when man has to sell himself to his fellow man ? Is it not a mockery to talk of equality befox'e the law , when the one man is elevated into a purchaser , and the other man degraded into a seller , of the energies of his body , or mind , or both * . thc _px-ice of the bargain being that the former shall live nut of the labours of thc latter ? Is this in

      accordance with the inalienable and indefeasible " rights of man ? " So long as the system of hired men exists * the system of 6 ond-men exists also . They are essentially one and thc same : and wherever bondage is , freedom cannot dwell . Let thc labourer reflect on thc axiom wc have above set forth , —dwelling on it till hc comprehends it in all its entirety and application . If labour be thc source of cdl wealth , all the _wcaltluto is has conic from labour , or is thc result of labour . Then see what labour has to do ! Look at the hordes of persons who have to be maintained by those who toil :

      and maintained , too , by those who toil at productive labour . Follow this matter closely home , and what a mighty deal a very few have to do ! The man whose labour consists in waiting on a mere consumer—in opening him thc carriage door , or in "driving him through the Park , " is a drone in the hive as well as his master . More than nine-tenths of those engaged in effecting exchanges , in trading in tlic produce of skill , arc not required for thc purposes of production ; and every one of them not so required is as much a tax on productive labour as Parsox Malthus himself was , when he pocketed and spent

      the "SHARE" awarded him out of thc governmental exchequer . The only difference between them is the mode m which their respective means of living is drawn from the _irikcrs of those means . The Gcvcrnniciifc sends for it direct—so much . It wants it , and it must have it . The requisite machinery for obtaining it i 3 devised , and the supply regularly sought for . The other classes have machines of their own : there is thc machine of rent , the machine of wages , and the machine of profit . All these are but different modes of obtaining what the parties who live on it have not worked for ; and the operations of these machines have been so incessant and so draining , as to have left thc party who ought

      to be " FIRST partaker of thc fruits" no fruit at all , and but little of the husks ! 'Tis time , therefore , that the workers turned some of these machines to their own advantage , or rather dispensed with the operations of the machine-workers , wherever practicable . The OLDnAM Colliers have shown how this can be done in onc direction . The _Dssios United Jovrxeymex Uattebs' Gosipast have shown how it can be done in another direction . The Cooperative stores , when formed on a secure basis , and conducted by men of integrity , have shown how it can be done in another direction ; and the obtainment and allocation of the Land , for the purposes of the producers so that they caxi be their own consumers ) will be another step in the same direction .

      The _CKampfe set by the Miners oi Oldham we trust to sec extensively followed . This will be a wiser application of funds , than in mere strikes . The money spent on idle men is unproductive . To keep a man in idleness , when he is able to work , is utter folly * Let him be engaged in production , and there is a return for the means expended . This the men of Old . ham have seen . The Messrs . Swires and Lees countenanced such grinding proceedings in tlieir * ' works , "

      that flesh and blood could not stand it . Tlic men were " out , " therefore , and lay , a charge , on thc hands of their brethren . This thc latter saw would not do . It was , under such circumstances , a battle of means , and in sucli case labour stands but a poor chance with capital . So they took a fresh start . They united their efforts—gathered their pence—purchased their acres of coal—set t 7 ic men to work—and in THAT ALONE achieved a victory .

      Co Ftea&Ersi $C Corttsfpoi^Ente*

      Co _ftea & _ersi $ c _Corttsfpoi _^ _ente *

      John Whitelt, Manchester, Is Informed Th...

      John Whitelt _, Manchester , is informed that the Guardian came safe to hand , and tho case alluded to will be laid before tho Registration Committee . J , Sweet , Nottingham , will feel obliged by any friend furnishing him with the address of Mrs . John Frost ; also the addresses of Mrs . Williams and Mrs . Jones . Nailmakeks' Strike , _Scotland—We have received an address , signed Alexander Davie , on behalf of the turnout nailmakers of Canielon and St . Ninian , near Stirling . With one exception , an address procisely similar appeared in last week ' s Star . The exception is , that in appealing to thc English nailmakers , the writer reminds the Belper nailers that on a former occasion they received in their support about £ 40 from thc men now

      on strike . We hope our friends , the English nailmakers , ivill respond to the appeal of their Scotch brethren , two hundred of whom are on strike . All communications must ba addressed to Mr . James Jenkins , nailer , Bannockburn-road , St . Ninans , near Stirling , Scotland . _Iiaac Bletaiw , _Fadiham . _—ff the footpath has existed ttnintemiptedl _*/ for the length of time he speaks , or indeed for only twenty years , it cannot be stopped lest by the Court of Quarter Session , after due process , and proper notice given to all who object . If the " farmers " are attempting to stop it of themselves , without an order from a court so obtained , all that the inhabitants have to do is to take a bill-hook or hatchet , clear away all obstruction , and force and exercise a " right of way . " What are the surveyors of thc highways about ? for it

      is as much their duty to maintain the rights of the publie on / oofioays as on the streets ofa town , or a carriage " highway" from place to place . Thomas Wilson , Manchester , —No doubt his wife has become chargeable to the parish where she resides ; and if so , tho parish authorities can make him pay the sum they name into their hands , and they will hand it over to the wife . The amount they fix , being one shilling a week move than he has offered and engaged to pay , is reasonable enough . Surely 7 s . a week for his wife and two children is as little as he can hope to get off for . We presume the children arc his : and if so , he cannot object to do his share towards keeping J ( tliem . P . V ., SALKORn . —To his first question , "Yes . " The proper steps will be taken to give all security , and

      obtain the protection of tlic law for the shareholders . Mr . Nowell ' s work on Field Gardening is published at Simpl-in and Marshall ' s ; the price is ls . Cd . Liebig ' s Agricultural Chemistry , third edition , is published by Taylor and Walton , Uppcv Gowcv-street ; the price is 10 s . 6 d . Mv . Tidd l _' ratt has published the laws relating to benefit societies , with remarks and instructions of lus own . The price is 5 s . Mrs . Ellis . —Communications for Mrs . Ellis must be addressed to her , care of Mr . Read , Cobridge _Tostoffice , Staffordshire Potteries . T . M . Wheeler and T . Clark . —We have been obliged to withhold botli tlieir addresses for this week . The press of matter we had on Thursday is the reason . We

      cannot get our friends to send their communications in time . Most of what we got on Thursday might have been with us on Wednesday ; and then other matter then given out would have been kept back , and the favours of our friends " set up . " The same Cause has Obliged us to abridge the report Of the Cooper Festivity on Monday night . II . Dorman , Nottingham . —Next week . 11 . Scott , Durham . —The publication ofhis letter will do no good . It would only gratify the splenetic feeling of tlte thing he exposes , to think that he was of sufficient importance to excite attention . S , Glendenni . no , Huddersfield . —Mr . Hobson hopes to see him soon , and will converse on the subject of his letter .

      /" eta . —We are sorry to learn that our valued friend aud correspondent Zela is to ill too attempt further communications at present . In the course of a week or so we hope to see him , and to find hun better .

      Monies Received By Mr. O'Connor. Fob. Tn...

      MONIES RECEIVED BY MR . O'CONNOR . FOB . TnE EXECUTIVE . £ S . d . Prom Warrington 2 0 0 "From Burnley 0 5 0 From Haggate 0 1 21 From Oswaldtwistle .. 0 3 9 " From _"ffhei _' . _tley-Ianc .. .. „ ., .. 0 1 o From Marsden ,. ., 0 1 01 From Bacup .. 0 2 0 LAND . From "Norwich , per Jon . Hurrey ,. 2 0 0 From Burnley , per Jolm Gray 3 5 0 From Ashton-under-Lyne , per Edward Hobson .. G 11 0 From Bradford , per Joseph Alderson .. .. 700 MRS , ELLIS .: From "Warrington 0 17 0 BUNCOMBE TESTIMONIAL . From "Walsall , per Chas . Goiluin .. .. .. 0 1 C From a few Carpenters at the Castle , City-road , per Mr . Briggs _,. 0 11 2 Thomas Whitfield 0 10

      The Chartists And Members Of Tbe Land So...

      The Chartists and Members of tbe Land Society in tiie _MEtRoroLis are hereby informed that the Committces of the above bodies are making preparations for a

      The Chartists And Members Of Tbe Land So...

      visit to their democratic friends in Brighton . Thev i tend engaging a special railway train for tlic occasion- th « expense will be much less than thc general charge * fn pleasure trips , and the date suggested is the first _Sxxnihl or Monday in August . ' Mb . 3 . Murray , Secretary to Vie Manchester _Chartism is duly appointed agent for the Chartist Land _Co-opcrativ _" _. ' Society in Manchester and its neighbourhood ; and win be happy to supply the rules of the society and enrol men bers at his residence , 43 , Brook-street , _Gorratt-road or _u give any information which may be required . ' ° Mb . Thomas Clark is appointed agent for _Yovkslur ( , for the Chartist Co-operative _sLand Society , and will bn happy to supply cards , rules , & c ., to all desirous of becom iug members . His residence _. & c . will appear in next week ' * Northern Star . Thomas M . Wheeler , Gen . Sec

      Queen's Bench. Tiie Spafields Burial Gro...

      QUEEN'S BENCH . TIIE SPAFIELDS BURIAL GROUND . ( Before Lord Denman and a ¦ Special * . _Jiu-y . ) TUE QUEEN , AT THE PBOSECOTION OI" WILLIAM CIIAKLpj _llIKD , T 03 I SMITH , FRANCIS GHEES , AND _OTIlElts , Tho Solicitor-General appeared as counsel on behalf < , _<• the Crown , and J . B . Wakeling , Esq ., of St . Jolm _' _s-square as solicitor ; Mr . Jarvis , Q C „ appeared fur the defendants ' Tlic Court was crowded to excess , and the greatest in _terest was felt iu the proceedings . The S pa-iicltls burial " ground is situated in tlic most populous partof the parish of Clerlicnwell , abutting upon _Exmoufh-strcet , Cold Hail ) _, square . About four months ago complaints wcre _m-id ! to tlic magistrate at Clerkenwell Police-court by Mr . Watt a pawnbroker in Kxmouth-street , and _suvuvnl uio » i •¦'

      spectablc tradesmen , that certain horrible and dis » us : iu . r practices were carried on in the burial-ground . H iv < stated that hitman bodies werc exhumed and hum :. ; iI ,, i thatthe clliuria arising from the putrid flesh was _m-. ' - ' prejudicial to the health of the inhabitant-. . Tlicrcui . " , ii Mr . Wakeling , vestry-clerk to Clerkenwell _paiisli _, _i-,.,,, _! forward to sustain the complaint of the inhahitants jh " _, i determined upon prosecuting the ot & iiding parties at hit own expense , if the parish did not do so . The _proemiic-s at tho court appeared in the newspapers , and the _puhy _,. mind was much excited by the revolting statements . The matter was brought under the cognisance of the House of Commons , and the Government at length uanic to th ,. resolution of prosecuting tho parties , and suppressing th e nuisance . The defendants pleaded not guilty . Tht . So licitor-Gcucral stated that the defendants had agreed to plead guilty to the sixth count of thc declaration , which

      would , hc thought , answer every purpose , inasmuch as the matter would be referred to the arbitration of a yen . tlcman who would decide in what manner the ground should be in future conducted . He consented to tlie ' pleading guilty on these terms . —Mr . Jarvis , Q . C , said hu acquiesced in the course mentioned hy the Solicitor . General . After some further discussion , the _folIoilinL decision was agreed upon : —That the defendants _shoulij plead guilty to the sixth count—that thc residue of the indictment should be referred to the decision of Mc , Branncll , who is to direct in what manner the burial _, ground is to hc in future conducted . Jud gment of the Court to be respited for one year , and if the directions of Mr . Branncll are complied with , no further proceedin"s tobe taken—no costs on either side—no arrest of jud _" . ment or writ of error . Thc costs of arbitration to be paid by the prosecutors and defendants , each a moietv

      Gtritents!, -Menm; , & Hwwm

      _gtritents ! , -Menm _; , & hwwm

      Death Nr Drowxixg.—On Saturday Evening, ...

      Death _nr Drowxixg . —On Saturday evening , John Bowers , of 80 , York-street , York-road , a fine youngman , aged twenty-two , was drowned while bathing in thc National Baths , Westminster-road , lie sank suddenly , without apparent cause , and is sup . posed to have been seized by a fit . Death by Experimental Hasgixc—On Friday Mr . Baker held an inquest at thc Fighting Cocks , Hi , John-street , Bcthnal-grcen , on the body of George Smitl ) , aged eighteen . Mr . W . Smith , No . 14 , Oakstreet , Brick-lane , shoemaker , deposed that tlio deceasGd was his son . He was in the employ of Mr . Morley , pork butcher , of Ilarc-strcet , Bethnal-green . On Tuesday evening last , deceased having been missed by his master , the latter sent his daughter to thc stables of Mr . Cousins , in IIare-marsh * wherc _li 4 kept his horse , to see if he was there . Deceased was

      found suspended to onc of the rafters by a leathern strap , or horse's bell y band . He was taken down , but was quite dead . Witness had no idea that deceased had contemplated suicide . lie had been a schoolfellow aud an acquaintance of James Tapping , who was lately hanged at thc Old Bailey , for the murder of Emma Whiter . He went to see him executed , but had never made any allusion to the occurrence . Since that time he had often amused himself by placing a hankcrchicf round thc neck of witness ' s younger children , and told them to make a noise ' cluck , cluck , " as if they wcre hanging . About a

      week since a brother of deceased had discovered him suspended by thc same strap , as if hc were trying an experiment . lie remonstrated witli him upon liis foil }' , and put the strap away . Witness further stated that from the position in wliich hc was found , with liis feet close to tho ground , lie was induced to believe that deceased was merely trying an experiment of the sensation produced by hanging , and that unfortunately it had terminated fataily . The jury expressed themselves of thc same opinion , but as there was no positive evidence oftho fact , _undor the direction of the ' eoroner they returned a verdict of ' Found dead by hanging , but how or by what means lie became so hanged , there was no evidence to show . "

      Wholesale Foisoxixg is Leeds . —Seventy Lives Lost in One Day . —Wc have this week to record a case of wholesale poisoning unparalleled , we believe , iu the annals of Leeds , in whicli not only a number of policemen arc deeply implicated , but it is more than suspected thafa gentlemen holding the highest municipal rank in the borough , as well as several magistrates , are far from being clean-handed . One thing is certain , that a coroner ' s inquisition has been strictly avoided , and life was scarcely out of the bodies of tk unfortunate victims , before they were hastily removed in a covered van , and buried in the outskirts of thc town . These two circumstances combined , would , had thc bodies been those of human beings , have made a " most mysterious anair , " but as they were only

      thecovpscs of so many dogs , of course no mystery remains . Last week the magistrates , with a praiseworthy regard for the welfare ofher Majesty ' s liege subjects , issued a placard ordering all owners of iloga to keep them confined from thc 13 th inst . to the 13 th August next , giving them notice at the same time that otherwise they would render themselves liable tea penalty of £ 5 ; and that all dogs found loose in i the streets would be destroyed . Up to Monday * afternoon , about seventy of tliese animals had been ; captured , and were destroyed by means of prussio ; acid—martyrs to the public good . A number of tlic ; owners are to be summoned before thc bench during ' the week , and , iu addition to thc loss of their dogs , , they will probably be lined in a mitigated penalty .

      Death op Mk . Caxox Barium , Author or Tiie e Inooldsby Legends . _—| A canonry in St . Paul ' s s Cathedral has become vacant by the death of thc Rev _.. _' . Richard Harris Barham _. B . A ., ' so favourably known "ft to the public as thc author of the "Thc Ingoldsby iy Legends . " Few writers have so fully proved their if ability to steer

      " From gay to grave , from lively to severe . Tho two volumes of legends published under the lie sobriquet of Thomas Ingoldsby _, popular as they havo vo been , have hardly received their full meed of praise , s-e . Rich as is the humour with which they abound , tlicy _cy are even more remarkable for the extraordinary powerrer of versification they display , and the occasional ial snatches of lofty poetry with which they abound . WcA ' c know of no similar example of facility ' in thc diilicultult art of polysyllabic rhyming , nor any happier _admi-Vnixturc of learning , taste , and even pathos , with Hid lis most erratic lunuouv , that is to be found in i _' _nescesc

      singularly original poems . BythedenthofMr . llai ' _-iai _* _- ham the rectory of St AgusfinV . nnd St . Faith , _Wat- ' _atling-street , has become vacant . iMr . Barhnni was " - ns iii man of great bcncvoicncc of character , liis _activdivc : services wcre given to several charitable institntionsnis , among others , to thc Literary Fund and the Socict _* ict _*| for thc Relief of Poor Widows . But hc was _ewiblcolci to do _^ far more good than would have _bcoiijiossibldbk for hini to have done in liis individual capacity , frouron : his having been for some years a kind of almoner tc _tti the Bishop of Llandaif and Dean of St . Paul ' s , _whosuosii liberality to the _distressed is so well known and ap api predated . —Morning llemld .

      AxoTiiEii Murder _ix _Tiiteuarv . — The Nenagnag « ( Juardian of Wednesday contains the following . 'ic : ; ic : count of another murder , committed the _previoirioiii day : —On Tuesday morning last , about thc hour our oi two o ' clock , another murder was perpetrated in tiii tiiii ill-starred county . The victim in the prcucul inl in ; stance was a farmer of the middle class , naiiieiine James Median , residing not far l ' rom Carrigatoheiolicu and within five miles of Nenagh . lt appears tlia thai Median left his own home early on the liioiiiinjf ( njf « Monday , to go some distance , about , ( ivc or six _niiltwifc _up'in thc mountains , near Fcwpi . rt , for lime—takiiukim a bov named Gleeson and his horse and car for tlbr tin

      purpose ol bringing it to that home he never _ivaowiciu' alive . lie made some delay near Grccnhall ami _gml gu into bad company , who made him drink and rcniattnaii out until it was late . Gleeson had separated from hiin liiii —and Median returned towards his own place , am , an « when within a short distance of it , he was brutaHutaj H murdered , it is supposed by three persons , whoshot liibt Iii " through the right temple . Some men _fromthcvicinUcinitl of the Barbaha police-station , who wcre out early go _* goiu to a fair in the county Glare , discovered , about tint tin' *' o ' clock , the body on the road side , but who rctunijturiw to inform constable Sullivan of thc event . 'It ' 1

      constable then proceeded to the spot , and _lornA il . nd ill body of Median witliout any signs of life . There _Wrc v _?; a farmer's house within six yards of thc place whci when lie was found , but they denied having heard any s % slid fired . Constable Sullivan then went to the _rcsidcMidcmj ofthe boy Gleeson , who accompanied Median m t m t morning fbr thc lime , and fouud hini in bed , and > _Hul wl acknowledged having alreadv heard of the murdihiirdo Meehan was to have prosecuted at thc approachUiaciu " assizes , and we have no doubt this was t he c ause ; ausc his murder . Gleeson was taken into custody , My , a 11 was under examination yestcrcay for a lens * is *' time .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 21, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_21061845/page/4/