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July 21, 1849. THE NORTHERN STAR. mgl ^^...
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FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. (Concluded from th...
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THE SHEFFIELD GPJXDERS UNION. YORK, Jclt...
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The working Classes akd the Sabbatarians...
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MONDAY, July 16. HOUSE OF LORDS. — Tynb ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Progress Of The Cholera. The Cholera Cas...
-ander the notice of the House of Commons last night hy the Hon . F . H , Berkeley , one of the memhers forthe city , but also amongst the ranks of the middling and upper classes . In the district of St . Paul the disorder has assumed tbe worst and most malignant form of Asiatic cholera , death superve--vening in a very few hours , and the corpse almost immediately becoming perfectly purple . Sir G . Grey stated last night that the facts mentioned by the hon . member ( Mr . Berkeley ) were much exaggerated . Sir George evidently has had nothing in the shape of correct information laid before him , and I ean state on the authority of Dr . Fairbrother , one Of the physicians of ihe Bristol General Hospital , that the facts so far from having been exaggerated actually fall far short of the reality . The total -number of deaths inthe Rackhayhave exceeded 30 ; . .
in the neighbourhood of Redcross-street froni 18 to 20 ; and in Rosemary-street , Water-street , Philadelphia-street , & c , which are also adjacent to crowded burial grounds , the deaths have not been fewer than 20 within the last eight days . In the district of St . Paul ' s it is impossible to arrive at the total munber of deaths with anything like certainty , hut the cases have been very numerous , and nearly every instance has terminated fatally within a few hours . One lady was taken and" died within two hours . Diarrhoea also prevails to a very great extent . Amongst other causes is the state of the ¦ floating harbour , situate in thc most populous part ofthe city , which is such that to-day , shortly after a storm of rain , water drawn from it in bottles was found literally fidl of insects . This is most disgraceful to the city authorities , who have the remedy in their own hands .
July 21, 1849. The Northern Star. Mgl ^^...
July 21 , 1849 . THE NORTHERN STAR . _mgl _^^^ m _^^^ _^^^ _^^ _^ ' _^^^ ' _^ _^ _^ _^^ _^^ __^^^ _''m _^ m _^^ mmmm _^ m _^ m _^^^^^^ mt _^^^ _tmtmmmwmwmmmmmmmmmtmmmimam _^ mi _^^ mam _^ mm _^ m ' "" ¦ . " , ¦¦¦¦ " § •¦ - - ¦ ¦ - \ ¦ - - ' _~—** _- _' _* _~~ -- _~— -- _^¦^¦ ---- _¦—«^— _^—¦¦« _ ¦ ¦ . — - _ _ _ . _. ' - " " * ' " " ¦¦¦ •_¦ - ... _ ¦¦ _-. — _^^^^^^ _" _^^^^ _B _B _^ mK _^ m _^^ B _^ _m-. _^^— _^^ _w-. _' - _^ _. n— - _» . .
Foreign Intelligence. (Concluded From Th...
FOREIGN _INTELLIGENCE . ( Concluded from the Second page . J Paris , Tuesday . —The prosecutions of members of the Assembly were not terminated as was supposed . Yesterday M . Baroche asked authorisation to prosecute three more representatives—MM . Com . _missaire , Xcsnig _, and _Cantagrel _, for being concerned in the late events of June 13 . Urgency was demanded . Paris , Wednesoat . —In the Legislative Assembly of yesterday , after the departnre of the post , M . _Bonchatd presented the report of the committee named to consider the demand for authorisation to prosecute MM . Commissaire , Eoenig , and Cantagrel . The ballot was twice annulled from an insufficiency of voters , tbe Left having abstained . The vote will he again proceeded to this day .
Several public functionaries have been arrested at Alci , in the department of tbe Tarn , in _consequence of the disturbances in that town .
DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES . Scheeswig , Jclt 9 . —In consequence of the news ofthe battle before' * Fredericia , the regency have ordered a levy ofall males from twenty-six to thirty who are not already under arms . They have also presented a _projet dc M to the Provincial Assembly , declaring that tbe liability to military service shall commence with the twentieth instead ofthe twenty first year , and ordering all youths of twenty to join the army forthwith . The Assembly unanimously passed the law . Pinally , a half brigade of the reserve has already marched northwards to fill up -vacancies in the ranks .
The Danish version ofthe affair before Fredericia has been received here . According to one of them , the Danes had S 00 wounded ; according to another , 1 , 200 . The number of killed on the side ofthe Danes is not stated ; but it appears from this report tbat Gen . Rye , one of thc most distinguished Danish officers , is among the fallen , and that at least 1 , 500 have been buried . The number of wounded on the Danish side is equal to that on our side , and so ap-¦ parcntly is the number of thc killed . The great loss in both armies speaks for the " strenuous nature of the combat between forces so unequal .
_Fcrther Parhculabs . —The loss ofthe Schleswig Holstein troops in the affair ofthe Cth proves to be much more serious than was at first admitted . According to the official returns the number of killed , wounded , and missing , amounts to 95 officers , 270 non-commissioned , and 2 , 800 rank and file , giving a total of S , 1 C 5 . The Danes also captured four srcpounders and an ei g ht-inch field howitzer , independently of their having either captured , spiked , or rendered _miserviceable nearly the whole ofthe battering train , which had not heen destroyed or mutilated by the besiegers as they were driven from the trenches . General Bonin , commanding thc routed troops , admits that he was unprepared for the sortie , or , hi other words , that he was completely surprised .
His despatch is a verylanic production . Two or three of the Schleswig battalions appear to have heen completely cut up . Thus the 4 th lost twelve officers ( indudinfi- surgeons ) , forty-two _non-conimissioned and 524 rank ' andfile killed , wounded , and missing . The Snd battalion , twelve officers , thirtysix _noncommissioned , and ASS rank and file , with its baggage , waggons , and field surgery . The 7 th battalion lost twenty-four officers , but fewer men in proportion , non-commissioned rank and file 120 only . So we must suppose the officers stood their ground better than their men . On the whole , it has been a most sanguinary affair , and has cost the belligerent parties ( supposing 1 , 100 Danes to have been put Jiors de combat ) a total loss of 4 , 308 men in round numbers .
The Dailu News gives thc following
ARTICLES OF _FE 1 CE BETWEEN DENMARK AXD _rBUSSIA . We receive from Berlin tbe following preliminary articles of this treaty : — * . ' The duchies are to have a separate constitution for their legislative and internal administration , Schleswig separate also -from Holstein , hut leaving intact the union which connects thc duchy of Schleswig with the crown of Denmark . * - The definite organisation of the duchy of Schleswig is reserved for a future arrangement . Thc English mediation shall be continued for that _purpose . " The duchy of Holstein shall remain in the German _confed « iv _* atio _* a , _-a-a-l _yj- \ vtal _* . < i -jf _th"i _fvAwcft _wnstitution of Germany . And all material , but not political connexion , shall endure between Schleswig and Holstein . The King shall grant to thc duchy of Holstein a constitution .
" -After the conclnsion of the . definite peace , the Eing of Denmark is to take tbe initiative for negotiations relative to the succession in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein , in accordance with the great powers . " The contracting parties will request the guarantee ofthe great powers for the future state ofthe duchy of Schleswig .
UNITED STATES . TRIGD 3 FUt PROGRESS OF THE CHOLERA . —AXAfiCHT IX CALTFOHXIA . PniiADELraiA , Jclt 3 , —The mortality produced "by the cholera in many of the large cities of the United States , and the widely spreading prevalence and increase of the fatal pestilence , exclude almost every other subject from the public mind . In the west it is desolating beyond belief . Contemplate the condition of St . Louis , with more than 500 deaths last week , and 700 the week before—nearly all from cholera . At Cincinnati the deaths range from 100 to 150 per day , —chiefly amongst the German and Irish immi « rrants . At Louisville , there were seventeen cases in two small houses ( Irish ) ,
and fifteen deaths ! The steamboats on the western -rivers arrive at the different ports , partl y freighted with the dying and the dead . The track towards California from Independence , Missouri , across the prairies , is no longer marked alone hy the footprints of men and -horses , and the ruts of wheels ; hut a letter writer graphically says : — " It is dotted and lined on cither aide with newly-made graves . " In the Atlantic cities , and on the sea-hoard ; the pestilence is not so fatal , although the mortality is great , Jn New York the deaths range from twenty to forty daily in Philadelphia from ton to twentyfive . In both cities , _at-tbe suggestion of their Boards of Health , public celebrations , both civic and nrilitarv _. announced for to-morrow , the 4 th of
July , have been postponed , or abandoned altogether , from a well-founded apprehension ihat any great public excitement mnsttend to augment the disease . The ship _Oiay Mannering ' , which arrived at New _Torkfrom lAverpool on Thursday last , with 779 passengers , had thirty-five deaths by cholera on her passage , and landed several sick passengers at the Quarantine . New Orleans still suffers under the scourge , and on several plantations in Louisiana there have been from forty to eighty deaths among * the negroes , within brief periods ofa few days only . Indeed , most of them die almost suddenly , and without premonitory symptoms . Prayers are publicly offered up in all the churches , cholera hospitals •"" ¦ re located in different districts of the large cities ,
and much excitement , anxiety , and alarm prevails —especially as the calamitous visitation may be expected to continue , with greater or less intensity , during the entire hot season . We have later intelligence from California , some of the details of which , I regret to say , are ofa disastrous character — should those "d etails be confirmed . Anarchy and riot are said to prevail at San Prancisco , and it is positively asserted tbat General " Persifer I * . Smith had been frustrated in every endeavour to restore order , and finally compelled to seek safety onboard a vessel of war , or some other American-vessel in the harbour . ; Several persons
iad been killed , and it is added , " -Neither life nor property is safe , even in San Prancisco . Bloody work is anticipated between the Americans and foreigners , both at the diggings and in the town . " The population is of the most motley description and character , and its different characteristics and features are thus happUy hit off by a Cahfornia correspondent of the '¦ ¦¦ New York Express , who writes directly from the Gold Begum . ; He says : — "We have great times , ' at- the diggings / where . all the world has its representatives 3 Oval-laced Chinese , greasy Sandwich Islanders , ' whole or none' men from * ' 54 40 , ' skinflint Yankees from down East , _thivalrons gentlemen from * ofl ( South ; ' _Hoosiers ,
Foreign Intelligence. (Concluded From Th...
Buckeyes , and Kangaroos , from out "West . Here , too , without number , are the subjects of her Britannic Majesty , cheek by jowl with the people who come from the territorie _** of the King of the Cannibal Islands . All are scraping and _scratching away , like so many hens on a" dunghill ; all the languages are spoken and taught ; about every rehgion under the sun has its devotees ; but all bow down before the shrine of Mammon , the God that has the sincerest and most enthusiastic worshippers—next to the Golden Calf . " An attempt was made by pirites to board the schooner Endora _, from Bangor , Maine , bound to California , onthe 4 thof April , off the coast of Brazil , but she was defended by her passengers and crew ; one boat filled with pirates sunk , and the rest sheered off .
Father Mathew , the Apostle of Temperance , arrived safely at Sew York in the Ashburton , and was honoured with a public and very cordial reception in that city on Monday . The visit of this excellent man to America will excite immense enthusiasm , and doubtless produce much benefit . . Public meetings of sympathy with the Hungarians and Italians are now frequent in all the large cities . Two have been held in "New York , and the United States government bas been memorialised in favour of acknowledging the nationality pf Hungary . A meeting to promote rep _ublicanisms Italy has been held at h cw Orleans , and a meeting of sympathy with the Romans and Hungarians was held in Independence-square , in this city , on Saturday last , at the close of which three cheers were given for thc Romans , three cheers for the Hungarians , and three groans for Louis " Napoleon . «
,,., „ A destructive fire occurred at Whitehall , New York , on Saturday—loss 50 , 000 dollars . —Mr Henry Crim , of Rockaway , Long Island , was found murdered in his own house a few days since , and one of his neighbours has been apprehended on suspicion . —At Detroit , one day last week , Mr . Edward George "Wilkinson , recently from London , destroyed himself with a pistol , owing to an attachment to a young lady who was his cousin , her friends objecting to their marriage on account of their relationship . MEXICO .
PHOOnESS OF IHE _CHOL-fiRA . Another revolution is expected in Mexico—a very strong party having formed itself into _, a national association , with the declared object of overthrowing Herrera , and raising Santa Anna once more to tbe chief magistracy . In Northern Mexicoj the cholera rages with terrific violence , there having been 280 deaths in a single day at the small town of Saltillo . There was an earthquake at the city of Mexico on the 21 st ult ., but the damage resulting wasnot great . Yucatan is again the scene of exterminating war between the Indians and the whites , in which the latter have been worsted . A party of seventy-one emigrants to California , from Rapides , Louisiana , had been attacked in the defiles ofthe Rocky Mountains by Indians , and all except six persons , who alone escaped to _ tell the story , were robbed and murdered .
The Sheffield Gpjxders Union. York, Jclt...
THE SHEFFIELD GPJXDERS UNION . YORK , Jclt 12 . J . Dowry , J . Marsden , T . Bullar , and W . Hall , were placed atthe bar on the charge of having incited persons to destroy machinery at Sheffield . The prisoners were tried for a similar offence at the Spring Assizes of lSi 8 , and were sentenced to be transported for ten years by Mr . Baron Rolfe . That judgment was subsequently quashed , inasmuch as that the offence of which they had been convicted was punishable with only seven years transportation . The prisoners , however , were detained on
other bills which bad been found against them , and on being arraigned at the last Assizes before Mr . Justice Coleridge they pleaded autre fois convict . The Crown demurred to that plea , and after argument his lordship deferred judgment that he mi g ht consult the bench of judges . This day Mi * . Justice Wightman said he had been commissioned by his brother Coleridge to deliver judgment in favour of the Crown , but with leave to withdraw that plea , and to put in the general plea of not guilty . The prisoners were then removed .
At a later period of the day they were again placed at the bar , when Mr . _Sei-jcant _TVilkixs , for thc prosecution , stated , in consideration ofthe long imprisonment which the prisoners had undergone , and the anxiety of mind and expense to which they had been subject , it was not the intention of the prosecution to press the case further against them . It had been arranged that the judgment on the demurrer should stand against them , and that they should enter into their own recognisances of £ 100 cach to appeal * and receive sentence when called upon , and then be discharged . Mr . Justice " Wigutma _*** assented to the arrangement , and said the prisoners must clearly understand that the prosecution have agreed to adopt this course solely on" the grounds stated by the learned counsel . The judgment would be suspended , and it would depend on their future conduct whether or not they were further punished , as they were still amenable to tho law . The recognisances were then entered into and the prisoners discharged .
The Working Classes Akd The Sabbatarians...
The working Classes akd the Sabbatarians . —A crowded public meeting of the working classes and their friends was held in thc British School Rooms , Cowper-street , City-road , on Monday evening , July 16 th , with a view of _protesting and petitioning the Ilouse of Commons against the renewed attempt at persecution , coercion , and intolerance , in the shape of a bill now before the House " for the Better Protection of the Sabbath . " On the platform we noticed H . B . Wall , Esq ., M . P ., Messrs . Hetherington , J . Savage , J . Med ' ey , A . Dyson , the Rev . E . _Bosgis , and numerous other fiiends of the people . The Sabbatarians were in _considerable strength , headed by Messrs . Hatch , Child , and Botskie , and _dutin- *; the evening created
much disturbance by their noisy and uproarious conduct . Henry Barra ? Wall , Esa , M . P ., was proposed to £ 11 the chair , to which the Sabbath Bill men proposed as an amendment , — "That Mr . Hatch do take t _* ne chair " but the original resolution was carried by a very large majority . —Mr . Townsend then pr-posed , — " That the bill now before rarlianienl _h-r the Better Protection of the Sabbath is partial and unjust , afivctingas it does tbe poor only , and not the rich . "—Mr . Merriman , in a spe < ch which was much applauded , seconded the resolution , upon which Mr . Child moved as an amendment , — " That this meeting approves the principle of Mr . Hindiey _' s Sabba ' . h Bill , " which was seconded by Mr . Hatch . —Mr . Henry Hetherington , in one of his
_adrnirab'e speeches , demolished the unstable fabric set up by the movers of the amendment , amidst shouts of * laughter and great applau _** e . —Mr . Bri-c : e in vain attempted to refute the sound _argument put forth with so much good sense by Mr . Hetherington . On the motion and amendment being put from the chair , the former was declared to be carried by a large majority , amidst great applause . A petition , embodying the resolution was adopted , and ordered to be presented to the House by H . B . Wall . A vote of thanks was given to the chairman , for his impartial conduct in the chair , and the meeting separated . Depamuiie of the _EoTriiAJf Screw-Frigate Sharkie . —The Sharkie , Egyptian steam-frigate , left Spithead on Sunday evening , at five o'clock ,
under steam for Gibraltar , en route to Alexandria . On Friday the Sharkie toolv on board the state barge that has been built for the Pacha of Egypt by Mr . Camper , tho yacht builder of Gosport . This boat is similar in size , in model , and in her paint work and gilding to Her Majesty ' s state barge . The Sharkie also takes out , for the use of the Pacha and bis son , several English-built carriages , with eight horses , four being of the English breed and four of the French , with an English coachman and groom to look after them . A few days ago one of the French horses kicked the horse-box to pieces , got adrift , and galloped round the deck-putting the Egyptian crew to the rout , and it was not before he had done some- serious mischief to himself and to several of the crew that he could be secured . Hafiz
Bey , the commander , is a strict disciplinarian , and awards summarypunishment when a breach of discipline occurs . A few days ago one of the crew struck a subordinate officer , and the Bey ordered him a hundred lashes . The man was seized and thrown on the decK . on his face , his arms and legs extended ; and on each sat an Egyptian ; two others , with a Tope gasket , proceeded to inflict the punishment , without the removal of the clothes . The culprit cried out pitebusly while receiving the first forty strokes , after which he lay quiet ; after receiving the hundred stripes he was , lifted up , and when bein *** -conveyed away made some obnoxious remark for which he was again laid prostrate , and received an additional twenty stripes with the gaskets . '"" ¦ ' ¦' " _"* - '''"*" '
_ . ., . v „ A Scholastic Sixecurb —Thc Blackburn Grammar School must be rather a snug thing , " The present master , the Rev . J : Bennett , " says the _Pi-eston Chronicle , " has no scholars except his own two sons ! No assistant , though he receives the same stipend as his predecessor , who had to paythree . ? No Rule without ax ExcEniox . — "When passing a dwelling , as a ' gcneral rale , it Is not polite to look into the windows -but when a pretty woman is sitting by it ,- for theostensible purpose of being looked at ,. you may be considered uncivil and ungenerous if you do not cast- ah : admiring glahce . yAmerican ¦
paper . --- •¦•• " * ... _-- . ; -. _-,-, _; _-.-, You Dox-x Sat so I—A Yankee has invented a sort of piano , by means of which yon may print ' letters like winking . " The invention , " says a contemporary ( American , ) "bids fair to , supersede pens and ink . " - Our thieves will then be described in the calendar -as - « neither able to read nor play !"Gateshead Observer . - ¦"'" - . ' - ' ¦ ~ ~ The Newry Telegraph states that thePBWas a riot in Arma gh on the night of the 12 th . The particulars arc not given ; but that paper states that the military were called out , and the Riot Act read . One man was _committed to gaol ,
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Monday, July 16. House Of Lords. — Tynb ...
MONDAY , July 16 . HOUSE OF LORDS . — Tynb Conservancv Bill . —Lord Beaumont moved the second reading ofthe Tyne Conservancy Bill ,: its object being to transfer the conservancy from the corporation to new commissioners , inconsequence of the former body having neglected to preserve the river , and , in fact , ruined the port . Lords Brougham . _"Whahncliffe , and Redesdale , and the Earl of . HAKRowBv , opposed the bill . Lord Campdell thought the measure ought not to be strangled in its birth , and was of opinion that it was quite necessary the conservancy should be placed in new hands inconsequence ofthe shameful mismanagement which had taken place . The Earl of St . _Germans , Earl _Gkev and the Marquis of _CtANRiCAiinE concurred in opinion that the bill ought to sent to a select committee . On a division the second reading was carried by a majority of 12 , the numbers , 42 to 30 , and the bill was referred to a select committee .
Irish Poor Law . '—On the question for going into committee on the Poor Relief Bill , Lord Stanley made his speech in opposition to the bill , contending that there was nothing to lead bim to the belief that her Majesty ' s government had taken a large and general view of the new state of Ireland , and ofthe manner in which taxation pressed upon it . Amended as he trusted the bid would berejected as he trusted some of its most obnoxious provisions would be—yet , when passed , he had no hope that the measure , whatever future legislation might do , would really have the slightest tendency towards a cure of that canker of a poor law which was now eating into the very heart of Ireland . The Earl of Kingston offered a few observations having reference , as itwas understood , to the . conrse which he had taken with regard to the poor of his own district in the county of Cork .
; The Marquis of Lansdowne replied to the arguments of Lord Stanley , and after some observations from the Earl of Rosse and Lord Redesdalk , the House went into committee , when , on the first clause being put , imposing a maximum rate _. Lord MontbagiiE moved its omission , which , after a protracted debate , was carried by a majority of 8 . - - " The other clauses were agreed to as far as the 16 th , upon which , and the three following clause ? , a second division took place , in which Ministers were again defeated , and the clauses rejected . The rest of the bill was agreed to without opposition , and the report ofthe committee ordered to be received on Monday next . Their lordships then adjourned at one o ' clock . HOUSE OF COMMONS . —The House met at twelve o'clock .
Small Debts Amendment Bill . —The Attorney-General moved that the Ilouse resolve itself into committee , for the purpose of considering a resolution for granting compensation to the officers of the Palace Court , under the provisions of the Small Debts Act Amendment Bill . Lord D . Stuart objected to the principle ofthe bill , and protested against any compensation being granted to the attorneys of the Palace Court . The Attorney-General assured his noble friend that the motion was merely a formal one , involving no principle , but was merely in compliance with the standing orders of the House . The House having goneInto committee , a resolution was moved , empowering the Treasury to grant compensation to the officers of the Palace Court .
Mr . B . Osborne took a far higher ground of opposition to the resolution than his noble friend , namely , that tbe very institution of the Palace Court was , db initio , illegal , inasmuch as ifc levied a tax upon the people in the shape of fees without the sanction of parliament . The hon . member then proceeded to detail the history of the court , and to refer to the compensations already granted on the passing of the County Courts Act , as appeared by the returns made to that House , and asked whether , in the teeth of such a return , the House ought to be called upon to grant compensation for losses to be sustained by the abolition of offices pregnant with so much wickedness and plunder . The Attorney-General interposed , and stated that the scale of compensation was to be adjusted by the business done in the court in 1816 .
Mr . B . Osborne retorted that the scale was to be based on the principle , of the £ 2 , 000 and £ 3 , 000 enhanced prices given for the attorneyships and bar . rister-hips in the court , which hc would never consent to . He did not knov ; by what scale the compensation already awarded had been given , but he should prefer sending the matter before a select committee instead of letting the Treasury deal with it , and the people of England would , he was sure , object to give any such compensation as the Attorney-General contemplated . After some further observations from Sir H . Willoughby , Lord D . Stuart , and the Attorney-General , the resolution was agreed to , and the House went into committee on the bill ; when on the representation of Mr . Cardwell the Attorney-General agreed to throw the first five clauses overboard . After agreeing to other clauses the Chairman reported progress .
Other bills were forwarded a stage , and at three o ' clock the House suspended its sitting until five . Mr . W . Miles expressed his regret at being compelled , in consequence of the late period ofthe session , to withdraw his motion on the _subject of National Education , 1 _ut in the event of the differences between the Privy Council and the . National Society not being arranged in the interval , should bring the subject forward early in the next . The subjects discussed arising out of questions put in succession were—Church Pluralities , the'R eport of the Lands Commission , the Sarawak Pirates , Cholera in Connexion with Churchyards , Party
Processions in Ireland , and Medals to the Indian Army .-Lord J . Russell , in reply to Mr . Osborne , stated that he could not at present gives the names of the commissioners to be appointed under the Incumbered Estafcfs ( Ireland ) Bill , because he had not as yet received answers irom the gentlemen proposed to he nominated . Ifc was intended that these duties should be performed by gentlemen on whom the House could place entire confidence . Mr . Baines replied to Mr . Disraeli , with resr pect to the better remuneration of Poor-law officers , in consequence of the increased duties imposed upon them by the Board of Health , that the subject was under consideration .
The Earl of Lincoln , for the information of hon . members iiiterfsted in his motion on thc subject of the « -rant for Vancouver ' s Island to the Hudson ' s Bay Company , intimated that from the low position in which it stood on the paper , lie should not be enabled to bring it on iii tbe present session . Reduction of Salaries . —On the order of the day for the House to resolve itself into a Committee of Supply , Mr . Hbnl"ey moved , pursuant to notice , that a reduction cf ten per c : * nt . be made in all salaries : in the departments of government at home and abroad . He observed that it happened to nations as' to individuals , to be obliged sometimes to take a view of thei ? circumstances ; and he proposed to compare the position in which the country stood at the respective periods of 1 S 31 and 1848 , with respect to the expenditure , the means of meeting it , and the price of the necessaries of life—a just element in the question .
He then stated the amount of the gross expenditure at the two periods , showing that it had increased in a much greater ratio than the population , from which fact , coupled with the increase of crime , he inferred that taxation had augmented in a ratio beyond the power of the people to bear , it . The depreciation of corn arid other necessaries , food , clothing , and furniture , as well as the cost of locomotion , between 1831 and 1848 , had been at least twenty per cent , on an average * and his proposition would make an equal division of the benefit resulting from this reduction between the country and its public officers . More work and less mouey" had been conditions imposed upon all the classes subsisting upon trade and _labDur , whereas the public , servants , although they participated to the same , degree in the benefit of reduced prices- suffered enly one' of the conditions—" mere work , " for which they receive the same money . His proposition did not extend to officers of tbe army or navy , nor to the law
offipftrs * * The ' Chancellor of the Exchequer in _m'ginfi _* the inexpediency , in ; the pres ? nt state p f the country , of reducing the incomes of _puWjc officers , referred to the report of the committee olt lSoi , by which the scale of salaries had been revised , ¦ and which had suggested the impolicy of depressing too low-the salaries attached to public employments The fairest way of deciding the question was , to compare the salaries paid - for corresponding ; employments in public offices and private situations , and so far hs he had been able td ascertain , the latter were better paid ; the certainty of employment in tbetorraer affording an equivalent . ' lie believed there would be no _^ advantage in reducing , public salarieswhich " were not higher than was , suflicien . t to secure adequate , ' services—but that * on ' tlie contrary , -it ¦ ¦ :
would he _' mbstprejudiciarto' the . _piiblic _^ service- ;' _^ " Mr . _NEWDEGATEsbppbrted _' the motion } arguing that our late monetary arid comriiercialthc ones had depressed the exchangeableI vaue of the products andlabour of the countrys' it _* was , therefore , ¦ neees _* _- siry to accommodate 'bur expenditure to this impoverishing - policy ; and the * m ' oney payment ot its public servants to the real value ; . pf their ' services . . - = Mr . ' V . Smith pointed put , the palpable _^ justice of the principle of indi ' scrimiiiate . decimation proposed by Mr . _Hoiley ,- The adaptation , of salary to the work performed , he observed , bad not been Kept iri ' view even by the committee of 1831 in ] their reductions . There . were certain temporary and other salaries the reduction of , which he wo ' iild supportbut he could hot agree suddenly to cut off phe-tenth of the salaries of hard-working-clerks' in ' public establishments .
Mr . Roebuck could not support the motion , because he believed it to be an unjust one . Before he _conseated to reduce all ( salaries , hg _vcmst be assured
Monday, July 16. House Of Lords. — Tynb ...
that all Were overpaid , which be did not believe , although he knew there was an inequality of payment ; and if Jfr . Henley would make a fair and honest proposal to inquire into all salaries , and apportion them to labour , beginning with the highest , he would support him . Mr . Henry Drummond said , the Ministers had boasted that the prices of commodities had been reduced fifty per cent . ; which was equivalent to saying that the fixed salaries of all public servants had been raised to that extent , and he thought they ought not to be raised .
Ml' . _IIume denied tbat the motion was unjust . The country had a right to be served at as cheap a rate as individuals , and to be benefitted , like individuals , by the reduction In the price of _comffioaities . lie wa ? for bringing down all salaries to a proper scale , not excepting lawyers or bishops , for be believed the judges were all overpaid . He voted for the motion because it would be a pledge M -fy _» wllicl 1 t , ie Government must curry out . . Mr . HerriES was compelled to oppose the motion , which was inconsistent with justice , and if so not aeiensible upon sound policy . Mr . Henley had assumed that there had been no reductions of salaries since 1831 , whereas they had greatly exceeded ten P er _^ en ** Between 1833 and 1849 the reductions 1 t V ree'ireat departments had been 2000 out
_™«™ , _fofi ' r ? nn . -, m YUmbers - and £ 250 , 000 in _salaviei wt of _xjouuuu , showing a greater ratio of reduction in saianesthan m _plumbers , which had been going on r _<* r years , notwithstanding the occasional enhancement ot the price of corn . Nothing could be more unjust or more prejudicial to tlie public service than to adjust salaries to the fluctuations in the price of wbeat , and establish corn salaries .. . Whilst the expense of collecting the revenue of France was fourte < vr *! - _' » onxa was collected at 6 * per cent . _. . Mr . Muntz supported the motion , wishing , however , ; that it had embraced every department , and that low salaries should be raised . Was it fair or jnst that , whilst wages had been reduced witli prices , the salaries of public servants should escape reduction ? ...- ¦ _- . ¦
Lord J . Russell said that the salaries of the great officers are lower now than in 1780 . The committee of 1831 went upon the principle- _^ directly the reverse of Mr . Henley ' s—of considering whether services were sufficiently paid by certain salaries ; and if another principle were adopted , it would create the utmost confusion . But there was this stronger objection to the motion—that the reduction would affect a great body of persons with very small salaries , without considering the amount of duty they performed , which would be most unjust . If any officer were supposed to be too highly paid , that would be a r . ason for inquiry _; but to take away a
tenth ofall salaries at one sweep appeared to him a most absurd proceeding , nor could he understand the justice of exempting from such a motion the army and navy or future judges . The right mode of reduction , the true path of economy , was to consider the nature of the service and the amount of remuneration , and , if it was too high with relation to the service , to reduce the remuneration . Mr . _Wooehousk andMv . _Spooler , supported the motion upon the same grounds as Mr . _Kepdegatenamely , that the prospects of the country had changed since _1846 , " and that if salaries were right then , they must be wrong now .
Mr . Aglioxbv opposed the motion as a clap-trap , which contained nothing practical , and would lead to nothing . Mr . Goulburn condemned the motion , which was founded in injustice , and joined Mr . Hemes in paying a tribute to the integrity and fidelity of our public servants . Mr . Cobden could not be a parly to the reduction of small salaries , and regretted that Mr . Henley had not pointed attention to high salaries . He thought the high officers of State were excessively paid , and he would reduce them more than ten per cent . He should vote for the motion in order , if it _bscame a substantive motion , to move an amendment for the appointment of a committee to consider what reduction could be made , consistently with the efficient performance rf the public service , in the number and salaries of public officers .
After a few , observations , to which the House listened with some impatience , from Mr . Packe _, Mr . Bright , Mr . Clay , Mr . T . Egerton , and Sir W . _Jolliffi-, the House divided , when the motion for going into committee was carried by 149 against 102 , so that Mr . Henley ' s amendment was lost . The House then went into committee of supply , and was engaged upon the Ordnance estimates until a quarter past one o'clock , when the Chairman reported progress , having leave to sit again on Wednesday . The other orders having been disposed of , the House adjourned at half-past two .
TUESDAY , July , 17 . HOUSE OP LORDS . —The ADMiRALTr Courts Colonial Jurisdiction Bill was read a second time on the motion of Lord Campbell . Lord Monteaole laid the second report of the committee of tlie York , Newcastle ,. and Berwick Railway on the table , and urged on the Hou « e an attentive consideration of its contents . The Sewers Act Amendment Bill was read a second time , and ordered to be committed on Thursday . Their Lordships then adjourned , after disposing of some uuimpovtant _business .
HOUSE OF COMMONS .-This House met at noon , and , after the report upon the Small Debts Act Ame _*> dment ( compensation for offices abolished ) had been agreed to , went into committee upon tlie bill , which passed through without amendment , notwithstanding the opposition of Lord D . Stuart to . the compensation clause . On the order of the day for going into committee upon the Stock in Trade Bill , Sir H . Willoughby objected to the principle of casting the poor-rate exclusively upon a particular class of property forming only one-fourth of the whole property of the kingdom , so that in many cases of _out-Awfl- _vftlw ? * _- ~ > _- _}** t _<*»? U \<* - _sa-j _. _'i'i o ? _avtua-as must " be paid by occupiers of land and bouses .
Mv . 0 . _L-fiwra _savi , uw question was not whether all personal property should be rated to the poor , but whether a temporary act , exempting stock hi trade , should be renewed . lie explained the series of judicial constructions put upon the statute of Elizabeth—which made " every inhabitant" rateable—whereby personal property escaped rateabilitr , except that , wi : h respect to stock in trade , there had existed doubts , and in order to obviate the practical _in'onvenieiice of leaving the validity of rates open to question , in 1810 a bill had been introduced to
suspend the _ratability of stock in trade , and it had been continued from year to year , no alteration being practically made in the law , since at no time had stock in trade been rated . As to thc benefit to the agricultural interest from rating stock in trade , there hud been a misunderstanding arising from looking at it in the aggregate , not by parishes . The ra'ing of stock in trade in Marylebone would beno relief to a parish in Cumberland ; and the rating it universallj would produce no sensible relief to the great mass of rural parishes .
Mr . Henley considered that the practical difficulty of dealing with the whole subject was no reason for postponing the evilday _. ' and continuing a tinkering system of legislation . There could be no doubt it was intended that'all property should bear the rate . ; Mr . C Lewis intimated that the subject was under the consideration cf Government , and that a measure . was in preparation . ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ' ; Mr . Disrasli insisted upon the injustice of fixing upon one-third of the income ofthe country a buiden which should be borne by the whole . The country was aware of this injustice , and this must force a _settlement of , the question . Local tnxatiori was the great'question of the day . Stock in trade was not the only class 'if _pvopevty exempted from tbe rate , and relief could be given only by making all property rateable .
" . '' Tiie' Ilouse ultimately went into committee _^ through which the bill passed . Several bills were read a third time and passed ; others were forwarded a stage . All the orders on the paper for tho noon sitting ( a long list ) were got _tlirougli before three o ' clock , when business was suspended until five . Jo . _ffRNEVMEjr Bakers Bili ,. —Petitions in ; favour of this bill were presented by Captain ' _Pechell , Mr . B . Osborne , Lord Dudley Stuart , Lord Ashley , Mr . Duncan , SirDe Lacy Evans , ' aiid Mr . Childcrs . : ' _, Lord -Robert ' Grosvenor , havihg ' _presented seven petitions in favour of the bill which he was _about : to move for leave to bring in , proceeded to siy , lie feared he should labour under considerable difficulty
in endeavouring to direct the attention of the House to the ; measure he was ' abmit to propose ; fpr ' - asihe House _, was ' _accustomed to , deal with questions affecting large classes ofthe cdmmuniiy , ' and not merely affecting the inhabitants , of this country , _i but touching upon' those in the remotest parts bf the" globe , liecould hardly " expect ; they would condescend to give their attention to a measure '; involving , the interests aii'd _Welfare'ofohly a small' section of the | cbmmunity . ¦ ' Yet , _'inasmuch '; as the bill was ; intended to be a ' remedy '• fo ' r ' grievahccs now lying upon 'acon & iderable ' -number of their fellow subjects , he trusted the House would favour him with their 'attention , even alth ' ou _^ h ' thc . subject was by no meims of ah _> exciting nature . _-It intimately concerned tbe interest pf thou-! itbecause
sands whdse ' attehtiGh wa ' sengSged ; u ! ori * , ' they believed that the decision ofthe House mvolyed tlieir fiitu . recomfort _' ahd . happiness , ' their moral and religiousi prdgre ' s ' s ;' ayV lie ' inight say ! the duration of lifeitself . The -House' _would'i _' ecp _lIectUhatla ' _st year he moved for a * committee "to inquire into , certain allegations made in petitions laid upon" the . table of the House , in which parties- comp lained of grievance ' s and asked ' fof a remedy . The . House refused the cbm ' mi ' ttee' * HV ; regretted'it" then , '; and lie regretted it still , 'because'the labours of , ' such * a committee must _haveresulted' eitherinshawidg the baselessness of the allegations , and so there wouhlhave been an end ofthe case , or , on the contrary }/ having decided favourably to the petitioners , they would bare hid the _foumlatiQn for _legislation at a future
Monday, July 16. House Of Lords. — Tynb ...
opportunity . He recollected that among the arguments used against him then , the Secretary of State for the Home Department said he was out of court , for having adduced tlie evidence of Dr . Kyle , further inquiry was rendered unnecessary and that the right honourable gentleman the member for the University of Oxford said he was not unwilling to consider a measure upon the subject . From tliat he concluded those right honourable gentlemen were not opposed to his object , and in that he was confirmed by being permitted , later in the session , to introduce a measure unopposed . As that bill _' was precisely the same measure which he now proposed intioducing , and tha principle and details were contained in a _single clause , lie trusted the _Hou- _* e would not permit him to introduce the bill ut all if intended
they to oppose it at a future stage . Not only for the sake ' of those whose _intei'fsts he advocated did he maka _swf , _request but at that late period ; of the _nctabn , with so short a bill , such s course would be more desirable than protracted delay , if , opposition were determined on . As the statements which he had laid before the House had never since been impugned _, and , he believed , could not be impugned , be hoped he niight be spared the uecessity of repeating , and the House the trouble of listening , to the details of those grievances . He reminded them that thejourneyman baker commenced work about eleven o ' clock in the evening , and continued his toil from that time forward till five , six , and even seven o ' clock the following evening ; he could take no rest during the
interval ; his labour became greatly increased on Friday and Saturday , and in most instances he was subject to five or six hours toil on the Sunday . The place where he worked was a low , unventilated cellar . He was subjected to the extremes of heat and cold daily ; ar _. d while mechanics and factory people laboured only sixty hours a week the journeyman baker was compelled to toil 108 hours a _weekj and there was little opportunity left him of religious worship . The House would hardly be surprised if the effects of such a system were moral and religious _degradation . His object , by the bill which he proposed introducing , was to prohibit all labour from seven o ' clock in the evening to four , o ' clock next morinn ; . ' 5 and he begged to assure all those who apprehended that the luxuries ofthe breakfast table might be
diminished that their apprehensions were unfounded . The same quantity of hot rolls as before would be turned out , and the only difference would be that they could not get a hot quartern loaf till half-past nine o ' clock in the morning ; but he did not think that a set of men ought to be kept up all night for the purpose of poisoning people in the morning . He said he was credibly informed tliat two-thirds of the 2 . 500 master bakers in the metropolis had petitioned in favour of the bill , and not one had petitioned against it ; and he himself , on entering into conversation with some of them , found them quite alive to the evils of the ' present system , and ready to accede to any remedy which could be proposed . Those in the House who had objected to the bill did so on . two grounds . The first was ; that it was an immutable
and unchangeable rule of the Legislature never to interfere with labour ; and the second , that if they were to grant , the remedy to one set of workmen , there were others in a similar situation , who would immediately apply , and whom it would be impossible to satisfy , and , therefore , they declined raising any such expectations . He begged to say , as to the first , that , so far from its being a principle of a Legislature that they should never interfere with labour , the House had repeatedly , by large majorities , departed from such a principle , and that , too , in a case not long ago , after arguments long and repeatedly had upon the subject . He ima » ined that instances of such departure were not wanting in the Truck Bill , the Factory Suspension Bill , the Coalwhippers Act , the Mines and Collieries Act , and the Ten Hours Bill . The hon . member for the West
Riding said the Ten Hours Bul was for children ; but in that assertion he entirely differed from the hon Sentleman . In the same way they had passed the Coalwhippers Act , interfering with the labour of adults . But when his hon . friend the President of the Board of Trade ( Mr . Labouchere ) stated that the fustian cutters , and many others were quite as hard worked as the bakers , he must answer that their case was not now before the House , and that it was rather hard , therefore , to meet him wilh a case which _nas not very clearly defined , and was not certainlv then before them . Yet supposing that bill was passed into a law , and others came forward to allege similar grievances , then it became them to apply a remedy ; Or if the variety of individual cases should be perplexing and endless they might appoint a commission
to consider the whole question , and to see whether some principle could not be found applicable to the general ease .. He recollected the Secretary of State for the Home Department suggested last time that bakehouses might be put under the inspection of a sanitary commission , a commission of the Board of Health , but the Sanitary Bill for the metropolis had long been in conception , and difficult , it would seem , to bring . into the light '; and in many cases he did not expect much advantage to result from such an arrangement . He appealed to the party that followed the leadershi _p of tlie hon . member for Montrose , as they were anxious to extend thc suffrage , to support tlie bill , as the means not only of abating intolerable grievances , but of leaving room for the elevation ol the working elnsses . lie said he felt convinced , from
all the consideration whicli he had been able to give to this subject , that the more they could restrict the hours of labour wi-hin reasonable limits , tbe more would they destroy—not that wholesome feeling existing between the employer and the employed , so necessary to the profitable pursuits of industry—but that unwholesome condition of the working classes which was bringing one and all into a state of degradation and ruin . ( Cheers . ) The victim who came fresh !' rom the country , aud especially from Scotland , was sent through the " fire of Moloch at the age of fifteen or sixteen , and from that period forward he had no time to give to mental improvement , to
religious instruction , or to rational amusement , so that if these persons aw-re not indoctrinated into the worst practices of the wovld it was not _tVit _fevAt _oS the _systcm ( o wliich they were subjected . He implond the [ louse , on no _ennsidev-itiow o _? his _feoMe aiivocacy oi the important interests involved , from no attention to any _supposed principle of non-interference with labour , which had been often rejected , avid on uo mere _supposition that numerous claims must follow tlie recognition of those , the force of which could not be denied , to resist the bill . He concluded by moving for leave to bring in a bill to prohibit labour in bakehouses during cert'in hours of thc night _.
Sir E . N . Buxton seconded the . motion . Mr . Labouchere said ho could assure ht 3 noble friend that lie had expressed a groundless apprehension that the bill niight suffer from thc ability of thc advocate ; for , on thc contrary , hc must say hc had been most happy in handling his subject , and very judicious in the manner in whicli hc had introduced the claims and brought forward the arguments which supported thc . cause he had undertaken . He had stated , that if the House was opposed to thc principle of the bill , it would bo desirable to express that opinion at once rather than delay it to a future stage of tho measure . Ho agreed with the noble lord in that opinion , and because he was compelled to express an opinion contrary to thc measure , because he entertained
opinions strongly opposed to the principle of the measure , hc must give his vote against thc present motion of his noble friend . The principlo of the measure whicli his noble friend proposed was altogether novel , to the . Legislature of this country . The principle that , in order , to limit tho hours of labour , would introduce government inspectors into factories where large numbers of persons wore employed , would give rise to an intolerable evil . There would bo constant visits necessary on the part of the government inspectors , and there would bo constant complaints against the employers made by those who wove in their employment . But much more a bill that should necessitate an inspection from house to house , and in every workshop , to SCO that the limit to the hours of labour was duly
observed , ' would inlvodttcc a system which wonld he repugnant to the habits and intolerable to the feelings of the people of this country . The noble lord , in introducing this measure , did not soom to be aware that bakehouses wore not the only places where long hours of labour were imposed—that the fustian cutters , as . well as the bakers , and others besides , were subjected to labour to a protrnctecl degree ; so that having legislated for one : of theso bodies they would have them all with complaints of a similar nature , ' and offering as strong claims to the consideration of the House . If , then , they were to supersede these hours of labour by a law passed for the purpose , as it would introduce a system intolerable to the feelings of the people of this country , which must bo carried but by an ' _ai'my of . visitors , a
host of inspectors , employed tb ; see that , the restrictions on the hours of labour were observed in private houses , ; anil in the individual workshops , it then became . tbem to take their stand here , and at at once , against the statements of his noble friend , to reject , the ; principle which" he would introduce He , quoted thei c ase ; of ' the . . Goal wliippcrs : Act "as analogous . to this proposed interference with labour , aiid whicli , ho said ; had _hcehYoutid ti & work advantageously . Tic ( Mr . _^ Labouchere ) thpnghtthcwises were by no means analogous * . . The coalwhippers ' wereJin ' organised , body , of nich _) ' working > - within' a known locality _^ andhot . scattere'd over different districts _tliroiiffh'dut the ktng ' dom . ' The _' _. Cbalwhippers
Act interfered neither" with the hours of . 'labour , nor with : wages _; it _me-rely _^ regulated ? , tbo ' manner -in : which those / persons were' _liired ' . . iud , ; P _» id through tlie institution of a public orficc ' similar to , the shipping offices' which ; he' had ' proposed ' . tlie . other day with " regard ' . to- sailors ., ' There ** Vas nothing , analogous _^ therefore , " ih . _tiiafc- _'l-ijl . _jt o _^ ' the _^ gfiC _^ the noble lord ' was nbV . prb ' pbMng _. tb : introduce ; , it proceeded on a totailv _/ _differeht _' _prihciiple .. '' The _, q ;\ i . estion-before '' the Ilouse was so simple , " that he , . sho . ulu not dwoll . upon it at' any length . It was , whether they wero prepared to adopt the prinoiplo of restricting the hours of labour of adult persons employed , not in factories , but in scattered houses and workshops , beginning with . _bakQis . He said " beginning _mtu
Monday, July 16. House Of Lords. — Tynb ...
h _^' " bc ' ? use if their case was conceded other _S _^^! f * _- , rouW J co , mo forward with equal claims to _£ ? , £ f ' "l - , 1 IIousc "OaW I * _Solved in d £ _S \ ZZZ f lCh h 0 Saw , no _Practical solution . By S _^* _^ _" _** _' bia manner opposed to the genius and institutinn « of tho _C _& _oflTt _/^ _^^ _ST-lnW how to regulate their contracts , they would be doW _Z ' . ° _^ ' _? S ° ? d' Jis _* Moo to thc _HouseT therefore was , to reicct tho proposal of his noblo friend , although hc admitted it was brought forward in the most benevolent spirit , and from thc best intentions . ( Hear , hoar . ) Lord D . Sxu . utT , Sir De _Lact Evaxs , and Mr DuxcA-f gave a qualified support to the motion , recommending a previous inquiry by a select committee . Mr . _HEYWonrn opposed the motion , and Mr . Stafford supported it , considering that the coal-whippers' caso waa an analogous one .
Mr . Cobdes said , the propo 3 . il of the noble lord , as-he understood it , was that the House should pass a law to regulate tho hours of work for a certain class of labourers in London . Notwithstanding all that had been said by the noble lord he believed that to be a new principle in this country . It was quite a mistake to compare thc caso of the bakers to that of the coalwhippers . That of the coalwhippers , upon which the Ilouse interfered , wns a case of hiring and not of hours of work . ( Hear , hear ) The case of the Ten Hours Bill had also been referred to as one in point ; but ho reminded the Ilouse that when that subject wns discussed manv members declared that if it had been a question of limiting tho hours of adult labour they would not vote for it ; they admitted that tho question was soloiy for
limiting tno hours oi work of children . ( Hear . ) This then was a new principle . But it was a great principle . It was a-world-wide principle . " "IVhat , " said the honourable gentleman opposite ( Mr . Stafford ) "is your principle ? " He accepted the challenge , and told the hon . gentleman liis principlo was that of perfect freedom ofindustrv . The hon . gentleman , however , identified the question with the principle of protection ; and he had told the House fairly that they upon his ( Mr . Cobden ' s ) side wore for _interfering with labour . Yes ; but ho'Y ? By increasing and not restricting the supply of food for the labourer . Iu fact this was a case which must be put upon the same grounds as that ofthe com laws , for the repeal of which he and others had struggled so many years . One of two m-innmln «
musthc adopted , cither perfect freedom of industry , or regulated industry . You must cither have corn laws , or bakers' laws . But could vou stop with bakers' laws ? Why should not the gin ' s blowers come forward ? "Wh y not thc class of men working in this metropolis who were called " _ni- > litmen ? " Why should not they conic forward for their law ? Why not tho men engaged in the iron foundries ? Why there was not a single trade in which it could not be proved , or where the men were not prepared to say , the work was too hard , or tho hours too long . Was the Ilouse prepared to carry out this principle to all those trades ? If thev were not , ho warned tlio House not to enter upon this path , because it would lead to the widest disappointment . . ( Hear , hear . ) He told the noble
lord ( Lord R . Grosvenor ) publicly , as hc hud told him privately that this policy was Communism , though lie did not know it . ( Hear , hear . ) He told the noble lord so last year , in the lobbv of the House . At that time Paris was in the bauds of the Communists ; Louis Blanc was . it tho _Luxon-boum- . and what had been tho result of Coinmunfsfc authority in Paris ? Why , that in the month of June there was a bloody outbreak in Paris ; and he distinctly traced the discontent and disaffection of the working classes to their not having realised the promises which tho Communists made" to them . It was predicted by the ablest men in France , when the government undertook to regulate every ' man ' s business , and to turn tailors , shoemakers , nnd all sorts of trades , that great disapp ointment would he felt by the working classes , and that a fearful
reaction would come . It did como ; and by encourn _!** - ing the systcm now proposed , by leading the working classes to suppose that by regulating the hours of labour they had power to give healthful employment to adult people , they would find they were investing themselves with a power they did not possess , and that when thoy were called upon to exercise it for their benefit it would not satisfy their expectations . ( Hear , hear . ) The noble lord had told the Ilouse hc did not mean to exclude the _ci-so of the Sheffield knife-grinders There was a body of men doomed to pulmonary complaints ' at thc a _<** ' e of forty . And the noble lord said , " Quote me anyother cases , and I will not exclude thein . " Then they must appoint a committee to take into
consideration thc whole condition ofthe working classes , and apply a remedy for the evils of cvcry ° din ' erenti trade . What difference would thero bo between a committee so sitting , and that of Louis Blanc and his friends at the Luxembourg ? The honourable gentleman opposite ( Mr . Stafford ) , in putting this question forward , as a question betwen modern freedom , and olden restriction and regulation , had alluded to the ancient-guilds . We had superseded them ; and what whore they ? They were _olisarchies , set up by privileged classes , to prevent other people from _getting their bread in tlieir own way . A man set up one trade in a town , or a few men setup in another ; refugees from feudal tvrannv , or other refugees for shelter , they first confederated to regulate thoir own trade , and then thev set
to work to exclude others from entering it . If the guilds existed now , these Scotcli bakers to whom allusion had been made , couldnot come to London and establish themselves in the trade , It was solely through freedom of trade , by the guilds being superseded , that the countrymen of the lion _, member for Dundee ( Mr . Duncaii ) could como to London and carry on their trade at all . As regarded the grievance of thoso bakers , there was , prima facie , something suspicious when men camo ' 100 utiles from the north , where there were verv shrewd and calculating men , to follow a trade which hon . mciwbevs _\ vcve _; v . v _* _- \ ve _\\* a . sn _\ o * it noxious , destructive to health , unprofitable to them and their families , Mid whew those mew then cwno to tot House to have that trade made more healthy and move profitable . He disputed the promises . If the trade was such as it was described to be , why did tliey come from Scotland to follow it ? ( Hoar , hear . ) He should vote against thc principle of undertaking
to manage tho attiurs of adult males through tho intervention of thc Legislature . Hon . members had quite enough to do ; and if they gave themselves a ten hours bill —( bear , hear)—tliey would then be setting a better example to the rest of the community . If the House adopted the principlo of this bill , they would have somebody coming from the agricultural districts to talk of the terrible occupation of thrashing beans and peas . Hid hon . gentlemen ever sec a poor draggle-tailed woman in a wet turnip-field ? ( Hear , hear . ) lie saw an hon . friend in tho House who had boon an amateur farmer for a time , and who said that he had been out into the field and sent home the women , as he could not bear to see them . Were the House once to act on thc principle of interference they would involve themselves in an inextricable labyrinth . They would make the condition of thc working classes worse than it was ; because they would teach the working classes to rely upon that Ilouse . ( Hoar , hear . )
Sir G . Ghey , in reply to thc appeals made to the government to consent to a committee of inquiry , repeated the objections hc had assigned last yearnamely , that all necessary information was before thc House , and that- it would only encourage delusive hopes . After a reply from Lord Grosvexor , thc House divided , and the numbers were—For the motion ... 19 Against it ... 77 Majority against the motion ... —38 Smithfield ' SLviiKET . —Mr . Mackixxox having pvesented a petition from London , complnining of the injurious effect upon ' the public health by the sale of diseased meat , proceeded at great length to
draw the attention oftho House to the report of the committee , which had sat to inquire into the subject of Smithfield Market , and concluded by moving an address to tlie crown , "that lier Majesty would give directions that the report of such committee be taken into early and serious consideration with tho view , as stated by the hon . member , of the-removal of the market , and giving , power to the government- to appropriate a new site , and to have the whole control of tlio arrangements connected therewith . *' Mr . OsnonxE followed ia opposition to thc motion , tlie other " speakers _bsing , Mr . Alderman Sidxey , SirDE Lacy Evaxs ,. Sir E . _Filmer , Lord It . Grosvexob , Mr . Siaffosd , Sir J . " _Tj-bku , Mr . O . G onEand Mr . ' C . Lewkjafter which
, , Mr . Maciunxo _* _- ' intimated that be would not press the motion , if the govsjnmcnt would promise to take up the question . .: ' . :..: ; -. ¦ , Lord J . BussELi , said , " even if the motion had not been made , the gov _. _iCThmcr . t ' would have- deemed it their duty to have- taken the iecommendatjon ofthe committee ; into _' _soBsidcration . But he certainly would'not _lindiMake the responsibility , of removing all the evil ' s _thit went under the . name . of . " Smithfield Market ,- "" for the same _cvilsm-ght , attach to a _diSerent site ; allhe could say was , the report should bo considered . *; .. ' _.,,: _.--y _,- . : ¦ _¦¦ : '
The motibn _' was then withdrawn . On the order of the day , moved by Mr . Fbewex , for going into . _coiaioittee upon the Benefices in Plurality' ( _Nb ; 2 ) Bill , V . ' : ' _., _,. „ - Lord J ; Busskll objected to , going on with a but of so much . _importaiice - ait _sttjatgi * session .- ' ' ¦ - The mbtionWas n 6 g qucntlylost . ... The Rail-ways "Aba ' committee , with Tho other * orders
House , adjourned at a quarter _MFS _^ S £ Jte WEDS _ESB _^ y _^^^ _fl / _wi
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 21, 1849, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_21071849/page/7/
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