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0 THE NORTHERN STAR. April 24, 1847.
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*» N TUE COXOE_U.il CAUSE OF COSS 1'ITOTION AL O il ACQUIRED _BILinESOFTHE GESEH.ATrV _
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HEW COUNTV COURTS.—THINGS WOIUH KNOWING....
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How seldom do t-ve feel, perceive, or th...
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NATIONAL EDUCATION AND GOVERMENT EDUCATI...
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F_ui.vi at Madeira.*—The following is an...
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EMIGRATION TO TEXAS. Wehavcreoeived thro...
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Dr Soi-tuwood Smith.—At last, it is prob...
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OPERATIVE BAKERS' EARLY CLOSING SOCIETY....
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Eatu a2.tr 9fsf£f»e hitcUigtim*
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ue.lue.JA~ lJ.\J,- „til'..\_l£ AMI aKlVI...
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Ol*b Liberal UovtRxjittNT—By the Civil L...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
0 The Northern Star. April 24, 1847.
0 THE NORTHERN STAR . April 24 , 1847 .
*» N Tue Coxoe_U.Il Cause Of Coss 1'Itotion Al O Il Acquired _Bilinesofthe Geseh.Atrv _
_*» N TUE COXOE _ U . il CAUSE OF COSS 1 _'ITOTION AL O il ACQUIRED _ BILinESOFTHE GESEH . ATrV _
Ad00212
SYSTEM . Jus _trublisJied , A new and" inpor t-nt £ o-tion of the _SOcmFriend on _llu-nan Frailty . . X _^ _nSFStS _^ S SS _^ JtSS « _uu-y into the conjeaie hw & % ere r - r „ Bs „ _teergy , and ihe am . it ) «» obserw „ u , _ t on the batietu ; Wished her _ei «* 1 _>»«" rr _« n _ LGENCE and 1 SVCCTWS effects of SOLITARY W »| _$ _ *» _s _^ _XEjivoys 1 KRIloc- < nud _«* _-ns ' _" _^? 1 _* : ? Ti . V { and on the I _* . _'irt '_ l or total _TATIO- V . _COSSMWION . _»« cnrB _rWflS ; with EXTI _> 'OTIOX ofthe R _2 , _K . veefftctsofG h : _ i means wi _rcstorat-ori . _tne u , . _-, „ __ _,, arc e _ i > lainea " wet , . _tr _' _cxv-re , and S _»»^ i _« - « WK » _«* wi __ _- . Ten in b _faniiiiar ma ****** . _'* " _^ . _^ _senUrifr tliedeleterioiia infine co loured _Enp-TiBfc , j , raptious on tho head „_ inee .. fM _«« ' _^ ;;_ " _* _if / 0 , ed me . de of cure for both race . and b _. _* dv ; m _" , „ . _i ,: i ! r . SoU » _ 3 ol * lira _ o _ s <» f _ tAR
Ad00213
_PRAMPTOJi'S PILL OF HEALTH . Price ls lid per box . THI S excellent Family PILL is a Medicine of long-tried ctlicacyi ' . ir _collecting all disorders of the St _. _iniacli and _Bon't / s , _* the common symptoms of which are Costi-Yeni-S . I'JatuIeut . v . . $ pa « n .= , Lews ol " -Appetite , Sick Headau ' ie , G ddiiie > ss , Sense of Fumes * , aft a- meats , Dizziness ofthe £ ye * , J > i _* _on--ra-ss an _ Pains in the Stomach and Bowels : _Indigestion , prodisdii ;* a Torpid state of the liver , and a _cons-quent _Inactivity of the Bowels , causing a _iU « organ » _-iti « _i _\ » V every _iunvtt _. m of Jhe frame , will , in tbis most excellent _preiim-ation , bv a little _ncrseve'rance .
Ad00214
. ClKOWOBM ASD OTHER Sh'IX DISEASES _EfFECTUAtL Cured by Holloway ' s Pills and Ointtneut .-Mrs Grae _"Moi-o , no . _e , _Ileinlock-court , Carev . stveet , London , has httlegirl _. who furl years was dreadfully disfigured wit _Jljoe-Tonn ; many sur geons of celebrity had been coi 6 ulted , _Mw _^ aseveri rauedy for sue * case tried , i rain , when the faOier of the child , mho is a law write S 3 h ° _K __ w _'W _^ W * celeb rate , medicinei which eBectoally cured the child in thr «» _tw-p " ™ K Scrofulous Sores , Blotches , Pimple _^ or llorbnti _Hamoars _. _cao mm tbe pon _^ of _Uw _isSkiSS
Ad00215
THE GREATEST CORES OF ANY MEDICINES HOLLOW AY _'IToiNTMENT . Ex traordinary Cure of # Gentleman ei ghty years of age , of a very Bad Leg . Extract ofa Letter , dated _Saxmundliam , ISth January , 1847 . To Profc _** sor Holloway . Sm . -I beg to inform you that 1 suffered with a bad leg for some years , and hud been under the hands ofa respeetiiMe _ir-urgeon here for some months , without getting any reh . f , so that at last I mentiouod to the Suvgcon that I should like to try your pills and ointment , and he said "Do so , for I do not see any chance of your getting better , -. vitlio . it my using the knife ' , to get ' a proper discharge . " By t _ikiag jour pills and using yonr ointment , I gotimmnhate relief , and in a short time a complete cure , for which , 1 thank GodJ ; and to you , Sir . I return " my sincere thanks . It is generally known nbuut here , and ' scaled a surprising cure .
Ad00216
Amputation of Two Legs prevented . Ertract ofa Istter dated Rotcomiwu , Ftbrnary _lOtf , _liHT . from the highly rcf }>< cMile Proprietor oflhc Roscommon Journal .
Ad00217
A _Curcef a Dreadful and Dangerous Case of Erysipelas . In the _foXlou-ii _. o rci , itirk , ! > le case the _Uidy had Seen both deaf and _l-liiid _fioiit thc _i-irukux of the complaint . —Feb . lfth , 1817 . Mrs Gibbons , of Tivoli . place . Cheltenham , was fen- two year _» so dreadfully afflicted with Erysipelas that sho beta ne ( however extraordinary it _mn . v appcir ) both blind and deaf , from tlte severity of the disease , and during the whole of tiie time she was attended by several of the most eminent medical men in Cheltenham , without receiving any benefit whatever , mid , as a _lait resource , she tried Holloway ' s pills and ointment , which in two months perfectly cured the dreadful complaint , and likewise restored her i _« health . V * Mrs Stoylc , the very respectable _landUdy of the _Kewmarketliin , Cht-lte-iiham . can bear witness to this core . It can also be _.-iFithintic . itcd at the stationers ,
Ad00218
_IMPORTANT TO MANY . REES' COMPOUND ESSENCE OF CCBEBS—The most speedy and effectual remedy ever discovered for the cure of _discharges , gleets , strictures , weakness , whites , pains in the loins and kidneys , heat . irritntion , and gravel , frequently removing every symptom of disease in four days , sometimes sooner . It contains iu a concentrated state all the efficacious parts of the Cubeb combined with the salt of sarsaparill .-i and other choice alteratives , which make it invaluable for eradicating all impurities from the blood , preventing secondary symptoms falling off of the nair , blotches , . Vc _, and giving strength
Hew Countv Courts.—Things Woiuh Knowing....
HEW COUNTV COURTS . —THINGS WOIUH KNOWING . The jurisdiction of the court _txtenda to debts to the amount of £ 20 , and to hurts and wrongs of all descriptions where th ** damages are not laid above , £ 5 . Plaints of _t ' . 'C'ment for rents under £ 50 uiay also be brought btJorc- the court . The following is a list of the court fees ou entering plaints : — Cast of a summons if the defendant resides within one mile ofthe court-houee : —For suras not exceeding 20 s ., 9 d . ; for sums exceeding 20 s . and not exceeding « h „ ls . 4 d ., with an additional charge of 63 . in the pound ( being the general fund fee ); if above 403 . and not exceeding £ 5 , 2 s . CJ ., besides the general fund fee , which : s Is . in the pound on all sums above 40 s . ; if above 0 and not exceeding £ 10 , 4 s . IOd . ; if above £ 10 , 7 s , , if the action is founded on contract , and 8 s , if it is founded on tnrt
The allowances to witnesses are as follow : —Gentlemen , merchants , bankers , and professional men , 7 s . C * . a day ; tradesmen , auctioneers , accountants , clerks , anel yeomen , 3 * . ; _journeyman , labourers , and the like , 2 s . Travelling expenses per mile , one way , Cd . The points most important to be observed by suitors are the following : —
_P-AISTlfP . He must apply at the ofthe of the court to eater a p ' aint in a book to be kept there . Ifthe sum bo above £ G , he must deliveras many copies of the particulars ofhis demand , or cause of action , as there are defendants . The plaintiff on entering the plaint will receive from the clerk a note , which must be produced on taking any money out uf court , or he must procure thc order of judge for that purpose . The clerk will fill up the summons with a copy of tbe particulars .
Erery summons must be served ten clear days before the holding of the court at tvhich it is returnable , and must be served personally , or left with some person at defendant ' s dwelling-house or place of business ; but where it has not been served personally , and the defendant does net appear , it must be proved that _\ be service has come to his _knowledge ten clear days before the return . If the ~ e ? e _** jd __ t pays any money into court be must do so rive clear . lays brf _. _irc the return of the summons . If plaintiff accepts tlie * sum so paid in satisfaction , he must give * the-clerk and the _defendant a written notice of ii three clear days before the return of tho summons . The action shall then he discontinued , and the plaintiff shall not be liable to any further cms , In default of the notice , the action wiil proceed ; and if the plaintiff do not appear at the hearing , he will _be liable to pay the defendant's costs .
BT A DEFENDANT . In ease he has any s . _t-off , he must give notice thereof in writinz to thecleik , and deliver him two copies of tbe particulars thereof fire clear dajs before tins return of tl-. e summons . The like notice must be given of any special defence of infancy , coverture , statute of limitatioss , or bis discbarge under the bankrupt or insolvent laws . In debts exceeding £ 5 , the party requiring a jury must give two clear days notice to the clerk before the return ofthe summons . When an order ia made Tar payment of money by instalments , tbey are to be paid at the clerk ' s office , at such perwd as the court shall order ; and if no order be made as to the periods of payments , the first instalment is to become due at the expiration of one calendar month from the day of making tbe order , and the successive instilments will be payable at intervals of one month from each other .
Pacilities are provided for enforcing claims by or against executors or administrators . A defendant cau be examined as well as his wife .
How Seldom Do T-Ve Feel, Perceive, Or Th...
How seldom do _t-ve feel , perceive , or think of the small beginnings of disease which surround and operate upon us in our enjoyments and intercourse with the world . " Tbe young disease , which must subdue at length _. Grows with our growth , and strwigthens with our strength . "" An improper regimen acting upon a particular kind of constitution , late _hours , both of retiring to rest and rising in the morning , by thc foundation of intestinal as well as skin diseases . To all such we would recommend first a change of system , and , secondly , as a powerful assistant lor the recovery of health , tbat efficacious Family Hed * . cine , Frampton ' s Pill of Health , which has procured thc _approbation of persons in _tvery station in society _.
National Education And Goverment Educati...
NATIONAL EDUCATION AND GOVERMENT EDUCATION . The spirited and general resistance on tha part of the people and the Dissenters to tho Government soheme of education , modified _svb it new is , shows plainly that thc r _ . ini- - . terB have yet further to eo in the work of remodelling . It is one of the most _singular aspects of governments that ( hey are always the last , instead of the first , to learn the real wi-hes of thepco [ lo they govern . But the English people will take care to teach their government , however slow or reluctant it may he to learn , what is their real mind and determination . The people of England , then , are as _re-ohitely bent as ever to have " a national , and not a government education . There
is a wide and _irrecon-ulable difference . A government education is an education that shall mould the people to a patient acquiescence with government views—which shall bind thetwiVso thatthe tree nwy lean just the way that suits government—that shall make a quiet , _eaty , _soulles-a , and good-for-nothing nation , converting men into only so many grazing flocks and stupid hurnan'herds , which shall create and _perpetuate government patronage and influence , and , _beginning with the pedagogue , shall from his hands turn us over , good pliable animals , into the hands oi the priest and the policeman . It is a plan to save governments trouble , hy taking the stiffening out of the human rami at the outset , and rearing up fatted calves ofthe state that shall never he worthy of
calling John Bull their father . It is a brickmaker ' s scheme of casting all thc humaticlav in one mould , and bak ing it in one kiln , to build up a national temple to _desj . otism an I creeping servility , in which government shall sit and—sleep . But of such stuff _Englishmen are not made . Tbey are none of your political brickmaker ' s clay , nor your potter ' s clay , to be made into government dinner-services : they are the clay that men are made of ; they are strong , tenacious , and resisting stuff . Depend upon it , they wil ] run out of the mould , tbey will fly in the lire , they will come out of their education , men or nothing . Therefore , no governmenteduction will go down with them—they must and will have a national education . And what is a national education ? It is an education whichpaid
, for with the people ' s money , takes that money as a right , and not as a favour—which says . We are thc landlor . lt- ; you , minister . ** , are but the stewards ; our money shall be laid out to eduoate our children , and it shall he laid out as we please . It is an education ' which teaches men that they are men ; that for tlietn the world and _alljthat is therein was made ; that they must learn the nature of that world , and of these their rights ; and to d i that , they must also learn to be honest , upright , noble , and true ; that they must acquaint themsejves with the laws hy wliich the good things in this great storehouse of God—the worldare to hi properly aud equally distributed ; and by what means they can best love , thank , and worship Him who is the Creator and Giver of life , and all that sustains and adorns it .
To _effect all this safely , there must he perfect freed im , and no government bias ; It does not , therefore , satisfy the _people , and it ou _^ ht not to satisfy tUera . that tbe government says— " Well , you objected to our requiring creeds and catheeisms to be taught , _- —we abandon that . " Tho people answer , " Yes ; but you must also abandon your training of our children ' s teaclfers . You must abandon your normal schools for teachers ; or at least jour right , or any _riglit , to impose tke n or any of our schools . While you do that , you retain all the power of creeds and catechisms , nnd send into every school of the kingdom a regular creed and catechetical incarnation in the shape of the schoolmaster . " For this reason , it is quite right that the people
resist , and continue to resist . It is quite right that the people should all be educated , and that the _penple ' . s money should educate them ; but it is equally so that the _people sha _) use its money for the education ot their children as they p ' . case , and uot as government pleases . There is a great fallacy _abroad , as if it were the government money , and that thc _government is doing a favour in offering it . It is not government money , and its use is no favour . Some say that it is right to have no government dictation in the ro-. Uer—nnd they say true ; othersas . Mr Haines , of _(/ -eds —• it is better to have no aid from governmental al !; but we say it is still better to have all that is necessary to educate the people trom the state , and to have it freed from all
government dictation or patronage . We know thata great scheme of a board , and commissioners , and normal schoo _' _s , and government appointment of schojlma ? - _ters , implies the erection ol an awfal power of patronage . We know that Ihe present government is composed of the very party , and in a great measure ol the very men , who introduced the New Poor Law , and stood fast by its most cruel and obnoxious clauses as if tbey were the mercy of theGospel . Wc know , too , that a tory government may some day again return to power . Imagine , then , a tory government , with _ahostofcom-nis _* _-ioner 3 , inspectors , _andschoo ! masters , added to the army , the clergy , and police , to aid it in controlling public opinion , and in shaping the public mind to the dogmas of church and state ' .
f here is but one way to avoid all this , and to place a national education on a safe and effective footing . It is this : —Let a calculation be made of the sum that will be required to educate tbe whole of the labouring population , and let that sum be annually voted by parliament . Let every school—be it church or dissenting , be it conducted by a sect , a company , or a perish—be entitled to so much per head for eaeh child therein educated . Let the government _inspector beevapowedno farther than to ascertain that such schools do bona fide educate so many children . Let them have no power to dictate any formula of j education , but only to report what is there really I taught , and whether well or ill , and leave the rest to _pub'ic opinion . Let government , if it will , organise
a plan of general education ; let it establish normal schools , and educate masters ; but let it have no power to appoint any master to any school . Let all such schools as pleas *} apply for masters , and elect tkcm ; but . let that be the entire right of the particular school association . On such a plan the government furnishes all the materia !; the people selects and applies it . The patronage rests then not with the government , but with the people ; and all danger of obnoxious creeds , or obnoxious influences , is done away with . It will be said then , many schools oa this plan wili hare ill-qualified masters , a defective scheme , and a lax discipline . All that may be safely left to the public . Leave it all , as you may safely , to the principle of emulation ,
and , depend upon it , no sect , or party , or rarish , will choose to be left behind . If there be a good _schem- ** _, or good teacher ., in the market , all will be anxious to avail themselves of them . The same principle which has hitherto propelled popular education in a great measure—that ol rivalry between Church aud Dissenters , Conservative and Liberal , between one sect and another—will still operate , nay , even more effective l y . None will like to be tbe last in the race , while the fullest liberty will be preserved to all . An immense amount of education has already been effected by voluntary effort , and all that effort will still be left in play , without the deadening influence of a government stereotype . Tbis is what we must come to ; let us think seriously and promptly of it . But besides this , and before thi- - can be done , the
hours of labour must be shortened , and thc necessity of Sunday-schools suspended by the ability to attend day-schools ; so that on Sundays and holidays the children of the mill , and workshop , and dense town , may be able to go forth into the green field and the breeze , and worship God in that gladness of heart which springs up under the azure roof of the universal temple , and mingles with the blood in the mountain air . It is not the least part of education , and of a religious education , for which we English so strenuously and so justly contend , to allow childhood its natural liberty ; its natural ailment of fresh air ; and its natural habitude of looking up from this beautiful abede—the earth—into the crystal vault of heaven , where dwells the Great Father of all knowledge and of all men . —Ilowitt ' s Journal .
F_Ui.Vi At Madeira.*—The Following Is An...
F _ ui . vi at Madeira . *—The following is an extract from alotter , dated Funchal , March 20 : — " Famine is now come to Madeira , and ere long it may be at our own door . Neither wheat , milho ( Indian corn )* rice , oats , barley , or any other grain , is to be had . P . can supply us with only 100 reis' ( 5 ii . ) worth of bread a day , for about a month . W . is as short . No bread in the widas ( shops ) , except lor regular customers . Money is of no use to tlie poor—it will buy nothing . In the north tbey are giving wine to infants , having literally nothing else . You may imagine the misery of the poor . The Zargo is expected , with rice , from Lisbon , in a day or two , which will be a week ' s consumption . The suffering will be fearful . We have purchased a considerable quantity of
biscuit , and hope to keep our five kitchen mouths going ; but our groom has but a slender stock of ( bod for his family , and we roust share withhim . Mrs S . is obliged to beg milho of ub for her infant : none is to be bought . Of course , our horses have long fed on grass ; human beings are doing the same in many country parishes . The Governor is doing all he can . but there is no food , and people cannot eat basalt ; There is money to pay for corn and bread-stuffs ; any shipowner would find immediate sale for his freight . The cause ofthe present scarcity is the diversion of the customary supplies in Sardinian and Greek bottoms , from the Mediterranean ports , to meet the demands of France and England . A similar
drain on America withholds the hitherto almost monthly arrival 1 of flour and grain from her ports . " " _^ _t-oTi * _- -- op Bibps . —When the lapwing _wanta to procure food it seeks for a worms nest , and stamps the ground by the side of it with its feet , after the manner of boys in order to procure worms for fishing . After doing this lor a short time , the bird waits for the issue of the worm from the hole , who , alarmed at the shaking ofthe ground , endeavours to make its _e-cape , when he is immediately seized and becomes the prey of this _ingenipus bird _. Fall is thb Pbicb of Bbbad . —Throughout the metropolis on Saturday a reduction of jd was made in the price ot bread both of the fi . c _ t and ¦ _*»_ - __ quality . A corresponding reducfit }*} was Ol course also _ruftdeio the price of flour , _<• ,
Emigration To Texas. Wehavcreoeived Thro...
EMIGRATION TO TEXAS . Wehavcreoeived through Mr Staljwooo ( a somewhat roundabout way of reaching the ' Editor of the Northern Star" ) another communication from iwr Rowed , manager ofthe British Mutual Emigration Association . Mr Rowed has not one word to say in reply to the Lord Mayor , but merely labours to show that the bad character giren to _TexaB on the score of climate , Ac , is not deserved . He shall speak tor himself : —
DEFENCE Ol ? TnTt CLIMATE . &< * - _«** " _»**« " * . S * __ I am publicly _mailed without inquiry or investigation into ihe utility of roy _pVins of emigration , by her Mai-sty ' s Commissioners for Emigration _Uiuing a notice or caution to _emigrants going to Texas , assertion that country nnd climate to be unhealthy , at the instigation of Lvnn _, a storekeeper and vice consul , and a _scmll clique of person ? residing at Galveston , who are _jealous and inim _otil to British s > _zl _>' eetii ( coins into Texas ; whereas I maintain that Western Texas is a very sal .-hrious climate , and suitable to the European constitiition , a _. l travellers and writers concurring therein , particularly her _M'j' _- 'ity ' _s present consul ut Texas ( who is now at Paris ) . Wm . Kenned * , ' , E _*;* _- _* ., in his vsorli ov . Texas , states ii * follows : —
Vol . I . P- C 5 . The climate of Tcxao , the most southern '} - part of whieh lies within two degrees and a half of the tropic , is as various as the productive qualities of the soil , mid is , pevhap 9 , on the whole , superior to tbat of any other portion of North America , _Agnln _, p . 07 e The greater portion of this beautiful regien , which has obtained for _Tesas the name of the "Italy of America , " is blessed with a temperature delightful to the seme and favourabl to life . Again , p . 73 . To the swarms of medical practitioners that yearly issue from the universities of Europe , Texas offers but little encouragement as a fivld of professional sprcuhtion . There is no malady that can properly be culled endemic , And the febrile diseases which usually afflict early settlers are of a mild type , completely within the control of medicine , and generally to be avoided by the observance ofa few 6 imp ! e rules of living .
Again , p _, 74 . In the opinion of respectable medical men , a residence in thie country would be as favourable to persons of a consumptive tendency as the South of Bun-poor Madeira . The towns immediately on the coast , and within the range of the trade winds , are healthy . The district comprehended in the mountain department of Bexar is of remarkable salubrity , it _tatuly freezes iu winter , and in summer the heat seldom exceeds 85 _degrees . Thc water is delicious , and the shy rarely clouded , and the breezes as exhilarating as champagne and far more invigorating . Many persons residing in the vicinity of St . Antonio hare attained the patriarchal term of 100 years , in full _pnssesfion of health _. When the commissioners appointed to select thc sent of government of the republic visited Bastrop , on the Colorado , they were , in proof of its salubrity , shown the _pru-re-yards ofthe town , which had no more than eleven tenants , although the place had been settled seven years , and comprised n population of several hundred souls .
Again , p . 76 . The healthiness of the climate I conceive does not admit of a doubt . I speak both from information derived from others , and from personal experience , which lia- been considerable . Mr Rawed next gives certah statements and _calcnlations professing to show thc advantages of Emigration to Texas ; but , for this part of Mr It . * communication we must refer the curious in such matters to the " Association ' s" prospectus , which has b ? en plentifully distributed through the countrv . Mr Ti , thus concludes : —•
If nn _wq-iiry was set on foot into the comprehensive plan of emigration formed by me , no doubt exists in my mini that the result ofthe investigation of my riuws and plans , and the salubrity of the _clim-itc of Texas , will appear ire _. l . _foundci * , and based on the principles of . hilar . thror . y and truth , and will prove her Majesty ' s consul , and all other writers on tbe climate of Western Texas , are erroneous , or the deputy { storekeeper ) consul is wrong , by the means of whose false and erroneous statements , if allowed to be publicly issued forth and stand without being contradicted , will tend very materially to injure mc in my business as a merchant and shipper . _IticnAitD Bowed . Mr Rowed has also favoured us with a pamphlet entitled , " An Account of Texas ; with Instructions for Emigrants . By John Adamson . " Wecullafew of the _heauties thereof : —
Xo _person can for a moment doubt the salubrity of the climate of Texas . Strangers , indeed , have complained of the _droughtiness of the weather ; but they have not considered that tbe heavy dews prevent the necessity for rain * , besides , the land is so retentive in moisture , that tbe plants thrive even in the hottest s'asen . February is the only winter month , and eo gentle is it , that snow is rarely to be seen , and ice only when the north wind blows . The thermometer falls in winter to about sixty _decrees , and in summer rarely rises so high as from eighty to ninety degrees . This mildness of thc seasons can be easily accounted for—the immense Gulph of Mexico washes the coast , giving out in winter , and _receiring it in summer . In the sultry months , winds from the south constantly prevail , which , by _tampering the warmth of the sun , render it truly refreshing .
On nrriringin Texas , the emigrant is sure ofa comlortable home nnd a health- ; climate . An industrious , sober man , after a few years' residence , will be worth many thousand dollars ; this is the present condition of all that _cluss of persons . The settler in a cold northern latitude ( where , perhaps , foreign _intercturseis suspended on account of ice daring six months in the _jvar ) , has to labour during the summer in making hay for bis cattle in winter ; not so io this genial climate , where Nature spontaneously produces a perennial harvest . # * * Scotch kale , Lapland turnips , drumhead cabbage , and celery , will grow all the wint . r . Chickens arc hatched every week iu the year ; th *} - never require to be fed- — they find themselves . You can have roasting pigs every day , and as much venison , turtle , game , nnd fish , as you feel inclined to partake of , which , of course , saves _raue-h hrend .
The poorcstperton in Texas , in 1813 , was iu possession of land to the extent of CIO acres . Wben in Texas , I have often seen emigrants offered , gratis , 640 acres of land , by rich proprietors , with the intention of getting good _neighbours—and further , in the hope of making their own lands more valuable . Since I left Texas , thousands of the Americans from tho New England States have emigrated south , to that fine country . After _soeiug Texas , they return home and positively sell their parental estates for often less than half tbeir intrinsic value . # * * When you are settled iu TexaB , if you find any cattle , horses , mules , or hogs , _Btraying in your neighbourhood without a brand , if you catch them and brand them , they become your property . Such is the law of Texas . People never think of locking up tlieir houses in Texas , or any tools or implements of husbandry , for there ii nothing stolen there _.
Young females of respectability and character would marry roost eligibly in that country . I had a numbtrol cammUsioris from gentlemen of fortune to bring out , if I could persuade thera , ladks of good moral character , either English or Scotch . Thvra is a great lack of ladies there . Married or unmarried females going to that country require to be very circumspect in tbeir deportment , as the American ladies are very particular and retired in their manners ; and strange ladies _require to be very cautious .
All who may want to know more of this blessed land may learn thereof by consulting the pamphlet for _themst - lvts _, " printed by J . Eames , 7 , Tavistockstreet , Covent-gavden , 1830 ; and reprinted by M . Billiug _, 75 and 7 * 5 , New hall-street , Birmingham , 1817 . " Tims much for the advocates of Texas-Messrs llowed , Kennedy , and Adamson , assure us that Texas is a second "Italy , " the diseases wliich _vauaJly afflict early settlers " are of a mild type ;" that it would be a capital place to cure consumptive people ; that the Texans , like Barnaby Rudge ' s raven , " never say die , " or , to say tbe least , live to tlio patriarchal age of 100 years : that the Mexican
Gulph is very accommodating , " giving out heat in winter and receiving it in Bummer ; " that harvests go ahc'id on their own account , and comfortable homes aud thousands of dollars mav be had if folks will only go after them , * that " roastingpigs " almost go about crying , " Who'll eat me , who'll eat ine V that . New Englanders , once tiiey have had a sight of Texas , cut away from tluir paternal estates , glad to tet rid of thera for " less than half their intrinsic value " ( imag ine a genuine Yankee selling anything at '' halfprice ' . " ); and , lastly , that Texas is a very paradise for ladies wanting husbands , only they mu > t adopt the Yankee virtue of decorum ; they may be what they wil ) , but if they would " git along" they must seem to be
The wisest , virtuousest , _dtscreetest _, best . What a g lorious chance for the women ) Having fairly stated the case of the defendants , wo shall , in our next , proceed with extracts from Mr Hooten ' s " Rides , Rambles , and Sketches . '
Dr Soi-Tuwood Smith.—At Last, It Is Prob...
Dr _Soi-tuwood Smith . —At last , it is probable this gentleman ' s eminent services are about being properly valued ; and the cause he bas for so many years •/ . _ealoual"' laboured to promote—the sanitary improvement of the humble and the horrible dwellings of this dense city—will , we trust , be effected in Dr Smith ' s promotion , as the head of the great sanitary reform propounded by l-ord _Moioeth . A recognition of the inestimable services of a man who has sacrificed health , practice and exertion during thelast 15 years , richlv deserve advancement ; and we feel I-ovd Morpeth—should his bill be made law—will not be slow in awarding justice to Dr Smith and his coadjutors . " Where is your father ? " said an angry master to the son of bis habitually tippling domestic . " lie is down stairs , sir , " said the boy . " Getting drunk , 1 suppose ? " "No , sir , he aint . " "What then ?" " Getting sober , sir . "
One reason which induces us to support the Ten Hours' Bill is , that the factor ** girls will then have lime to gaiter their _stoekinguin a morning , instead of having so frequently to draw them lip m the public streets . —A _mmcan Paper .
Operative Bakers' Early Closing Society....
_OPERATIVE BAKERS' EARLY CLOSING SOCIETY . A public meeting of this society , which has for its object the diminution of tho hours of labour of the journeymen bakers , and the abolition of nig ht-work as far as practicable , was held at the Grown and Anchor Tavern , Strand , on Saturday evening . Th ** cha r was occupied by Lord Robert Grosvenor , and around him on the platform we ob ? ervcd the Rev . Dr Archer , Captain Houghton , R N .. Mr Charles Cochrane , Mr Richard Oastler , Mr Watson , baker , Fleet-street , Mr Cooper , Northumberland-street , Mr Montgomery , and several other master halters , who seemed to take comiderable interest in the procecdin » s . The hall was crowded to the doors , and the greatest cnthuMnsm . was evinced io thc furtherance of the objects tiie meeting was convened to advocate .
The _CiuiiiMA * _-, in opening the proceedings , stated that as the meeting was principally of a business nature _. he tvould not trouble them with a long _fjieech . That was but a dull business at best , and he believed the journeyman bakers had too many _predi- _* po _? iiig causes to put thera to sleep , apart from the i _* . ilicti « n of a long speech upon them- (( 'beer . ' . ) It was usually the case , that in opening the proceedings ot a meeting such as the _prescut the Chairman had to read letters of apology from several gentlemen who hail b : en invited but could not attend . He bad none ol these , although he believed the secretary had several . lie would , however , read a letter which had been addressed to himself on the subject , and to thc contents of which he requested the attention of the
meetin .. Ti , e Noble _L-ird then read a letter , winch was signed " _Justitii , " and in which the writer stated that he had always considered his _lordship a man of sound sense , but seeing h ' u name attached to the bill calling the present meeting , he had been compelled to forego that opinion . What right had his lordship to mix himself up with such a party ? It was said that the arisiocracy were _tiut losing their power , and by taking part in such agitations as the ? e his lordshi p was doing all in lii _> power to hasten their downfall . The journeymen baker , were not worse off than oihcrs . The Ilouse of Commons _generally sat to very late hourj . Travelling by railway was of every night occurrence . Her Majesty kept Jate hours , and prevented her servants from
getting to bed early . Even his lordship himself kept his servants up atter ten o ' clock ; and why , then , should he presume to interfere with the pursuits of the jnurneyme-i bakers ? The reading ot the letter occasioned much laughter . On concluding ic , the noble lord said that _theiity- n . his servants might be kept up till after ten o ' clock , they were allowed always to go to church on the Sundays , and take a walk in the _airernoon if they chose-- ( clieeiS)—privileges which were denied the __ journeymen bakers . ( Hear . ) As to night trave ' . ling on railways , no doubt that was the case , but those parties engaged during the night had sufficient time allowed them for sleep in thc day time —( cheers)—and theretore they had nothin . 'to complain of . iie did not
like to enterintoan excuse for Majesty , but if her Majesty ' s household were inquired into , he believed that it would be found , in the respect ho alluded to , much the samR a * his own . ( Hear , hear . ) But from the manner in which thu sentiments contained in this letter had been received by the meeting , he took il for granted that it did not concur in what it stated , and he would refer no more to it . Ail be could say was , that upon this , nor upon any other o- _casion had ho put himself f _.-rward in agitations of this nature . After a week i . f business , he _confess-ed that he would hive liked to be in the heart ot his own f _. mily at Brighton ; but bavin' been called upon in the mo » t respectful _manne- * , by a deputation from the journeymen bakers to preside at their meeting , and when
toM that seven o ' clock on Saturday evening was the only time at which they could assemble , he a * _onci _ccn-enfed ; and lie now con _^ idcr _td that in doing so his time was well spent . ( Loud cheers . ) The noble lord then alluded to several evils to which the journeymen bakers were subjected . It was curious how long an evil mi » ht exist in this country before it was attempted to be remedied ; but such wrs the neverending , still * reeurriwgsy . « tcm of business here , that even when men saw the bad effects of these , they shrunk from their redress with despair , and it was not until they arrived at such a pitch as to become unendurable and were in _conscq-ience fully laid before the public , that they vanished aud faded away . In regard tn the question now before them , there were u _;< on the horizon manv objects which gave sure
indication of its arriving at a nappy consummation . ( Hear , hear . ) Thc journeymen bakers had said that the evils of which they _com-. * iair >\ : d could _ ot be attributed to their employ rs _, but were a l eces * -ary consequence of the system which had been allowed to grow up , and there were upon the platform _ma-. y master bakers who could atto . t that to be the case . It was not , in fact , denied b y an-bo . ' . ) -, for the system bore nearly as badon the masters as on the men . He could not help adverting to another circumstance wbich hehad heard stated at early-closing meetings held in _Uanover-i-quaic nnd at the Hail of Commerce . It was there s-tated that journeymen bakers worked from eighteen to twenty hour * out of the twenty-four . That he _c-mld . * c . ircely credit , and te
test it , he paid a visit to sevt-r . il ol the master bakers , all of them . peop le to whom he was nut known , and i it was impossible to conc' _-ivea belter spirit than that in which he was received by Uicra . _\ lkat , _ _ear . > They all deprecated the . \ vsttiu , and stated that they were ashamed to employ men in the manner it obliged them to do . One ot them , who had three sons , stated such was his abhorrence ofthe system , that rather than let them become journeymen bakers , he would see them hanged at Newgate . ( Loud cheers . ) But it had been said it was no use doing anything tor the pood oi such men , for they were brutish and drunken , and everything that was bad . ( A voice , '' So tiiey are . " ) They are , are they ? said the noble lord , but let those who said so consider that o __ t of
the 0 000 journeymen bakers of London , not above 1 , 000 of them could attuid any place of worship , and then say how they could expect that individuals trained in such a manner as these bakers were , denied all social , moral , domestic , and religious comfort , could bj otherwise than brutified from being subjected to such treatment- ( Loud cheers . ) It had been said in another place that the labouring classes had only to labour , to toil , a _* . d to die ; but he repudiated any such doctrine . Die they must ; but m tho midst of their labour and their toil , time ought to be allowed them to cultivate their better feelings and faculties , and in consequence life might be extended to a longer period . Let tbis excessive system of toil be done away with , and the best consequences would ensue . The noble lord returned his seat amid
loud cheers . „ _, . , . , Mr . Reid , the secretary ofthe society , then moved the first resolution , which was to the effect , that the system of night work and unlimited hours of labonr was destructive of the health , morals , and mental development of the men employed in bread baking , and that it also deprived them of all domestic comfort , necessary rest , and rational recreation , so conducive to the well-being of all men . In support of the resolution , Mr Reid stated that at no former period had their cause looked so prosperous as at present . In Ireland , England , and Scotland the greatest efforts were made to get their hours shortened . In Scotland , in fact , they had been successful ; and he read letters from Edinburgh , Dunfermline , am ; other towns in that country , showing the good which had resulted from the change . Mr Reid read a letter from Lord John Manners , apologising tor non-attendance , and expressing his wiilttigness to be * mc a vice-president ot tlieir society .
Mr Williams , a journeyman baker , seconded the resolution , and detailed a number of grievances his class laboured under . Not ono journeyman baker out ol twenty were married men , the reason being that thc _masterswould uot emp toj married men , and that was a source of much evil to soeiety . lie had _h-mself worked trom seven o ' clock on Saturday night to tbe _sanio hour on Sunday night , and then , again , from two o ' clock on Monday till the Wednestlay toifowing , without ever being in bed ; and that he considered a system to which no man ought to he subjected It might be astonishing how these bakers got men , but there was a practice among them that , say in Devonshire , when the apprenticeship of a young man expired there , he was laid hold of by parties , and sent off to _Londi . n at lis . a week ; and heknewone of these , who was with a baker ia the Vt est-end , and who told him that he only got two nights ' sleep during the week . ( Hear . )
Tho Rev . Mr Archer supported the resolution . In the coarse ofhis ministry here he had had in his congregation numbers ot bakers , many of whom bad gone to an earlv grave in consequence ot the system they were subjected to . So far as regarded the master _bakeis they were nearly as much subjected to the cvilsoi ' the system as the journeymen , and wished it abolished . As an instance of its evil tendencies he was told that not a single life insurance company in London would insure the life ot a journeyman baker . They would insure tho life of ungodly prodigal men , but those ot journeymen bakers they would not . ( Ifear , hear . ) Their cause was a goad one , and uo doubt it would succeed . ( Loud cheers . ) The resolution was then unanimously agreed to , Mr Cn _* . ui . i 5 s CocniuNB , who was loudly cheered in moving thc next resolution , stated that he did so with mixed feelings of pain and pleasure . Of pain ,
because there was such indisputable evidence ot the oppression to which journeymen bakers were subjected—but of pleasure , because while suffering in large numbers , they were ready to rally in BUcll large numbers as ho now saw before him , and make ahold attempt to do away with the evil . ( Cheers . ) When such combinations as that which had beeii formed in the present easo were carried out with temperance and perseverance , there was no doubtof the evils they aimed at being speedily remedied . For his own part , he could not see the justico of people in this country contributing so _largely for the benefit ofthe Hindoos , and other foreign missionary objects , while at the same time a large number ofthe people of this country were allowed to remain in slavery . Who was there that would like to endure what these journeymen bakers did % Thoy had , as was already stated , to work from eighteen to twenty hours a day , and he maintained , { bit were their h _^ m of labour reduced
Operative Bakers' Early Closing Society....
_ono-half , and proper rest allowed them thfiv- _TT " do much more work than they do at present W _^ puzzled hira was , when these people got anv _rl _hi all ; for after working aU _nigrTt Tn the _morning durin ? the day , they had to go round with thoI _*** and the masters , who thought liK ! & might send tbem from the _New-road ,. ith er _negate or Camberwell . ( Cheers and / au < _-hter ' m fi ** * over , when they did get to sleep , their bed ' sI v , _?^ the immediate vicinity of the oven , andconseo . iPn , i most ir _. _jurious to their hcahh . No wonder thin ul * no insurance company would insure their lives t _ * svstem under which they laboured was a _dUm-i » tbe country , and _ou- > ht to be done away with j he would conclude bv moving— " That as the rV system of night work , and the unlimited how !!* Ubrar exacted from ihe men was the source of all r t . evils they Iwd to mdure . a * , well as the cause f { rumou _* competition which existed in the trade 1 means be used to reduce the hours of labour to twl _)! 2 hours a day , including time for meds , and lodo 12 wiih night-work as far as practicable . " y
Mr tucBMiDUAWLBR . wno was received with great entiw-iasm . seconded the resolution In , i _„;^» r ' stated that it afforded him much _gratifi _™? ffi' ° he ono of England ' s _artstoctaev occurS h ' ? _* ee ( Cheers . ) He had been _labo _uVinS mfn * . a _' 5 _' try to bring about a veconciliati on _iXff A _?^ toenu-y . and the working classes , and if he ban such a meeting as the present aoionest hio ft _ , i York , _hirl at .. if they saw _LorSbei & 5 _lS the chair , they would at once say " the old kZ ho _ succeeded at last . " ( _Loudcheers ) S t _XSSS _eihatton having taken place he hoped no middle person would step m and whisper either into the ear of one of the party or the ( ther , so as to poison it and to cause _jeaiojunen to arise between the ' two He could prove it from the . testimony of _mwlirai m ..
that to work a man more than ten hours a day wag to kill him , but here they had men subjected to -work for twenty and twenty two hours out ofthe twentvfour , and he wanted to know why individuals , in a Christian country like this , should be subjected to such a system , and hear nothing from the time they came into the world un il they went out of it , hut work , work , work ? There were other and higher purposes : ' or which they were intended . There were several religious and domestic duties thev had to perform : but how could men se situated do so ? There
was at present much talk of educating tho people ; but what did it signify to the jourr . evrar . ti biker whether the State did so or whether others did so , for he could not avail _hiins _. If of it ? He was glad that this state of matters was attracting attention . No longer ago than the day preceding , the Bisbop of London had at a meeting at the I / mdon Tavern , in * u _?\ _Z , i _Gl , _' ver me ¦ _- _lucaiion scheme , said that while they advoca cd the extension of education ! theyconld not overlook the , sad state of destitution in which many m large towns everc placed , and that h _. f tl Tl rm . _i tllls _? _™ * * ° *•» - ¦ Wineta before they operated on their ignorance . " ( Cheers 3 Away , tnen , with their education question until they gave the people time to be educated . He had lone been engaged in eff eting this , so far as factorv one .
rauves were concerned , and next Wednesday , when the bill limiun ? thoir time if labour to ten houra _tinally pawed the Commons , he would be able to ex . claim "Victory , victory . , victi . ry " - _( cheers ) -and would then tug thc journeymen bakers to his car ot triumph , and lead riiem to victorv too . W hen he first began to agitate that question he was called a Tory tool and a Chirtiat fool ; but no matter , he plodded on , and had at length succeeded . Let the journeymen _balicr _** do the same , and they would be equally _succoss ' ul . ( Cheers . ) Mr Watson , a master baker , who stated that he had already . _aboPshed Sunday work , and that the best results had followed his doing so , supported the resolution , which was then cordialladopted .
y t . Nash , secretary of the Early Closing Association , then moved n resolution laudatory of the _exertioisot the Committee of thc Society , and pledging the meeting to give them every assistance , as well as pecuniary means as by personal co-operation , which was seconded by Mr Tablton and carried _unaniraous ' y . A cordial vote of thanks was then _passed to the Chairman , and the meeting broke up at eleven o ' clock . The society received an acquisition of upwards oi one hundred members duiing the eveuin _., and the
_tunds were also material '; _iicreased . Lord Kobert Grosvenor , M . P ., having _sub-cribed £ o o-. ; Charles Cochrane , Esq ., £ 3 3 s . ; and upwards often guineas in addition thereto was collected in the room and at the doors .
Eatu A2.Tr 9fsf£F»E Hitcuigtim*
_Eatu a 2 . tr _9 _fsf £ f » e _hitcUigtim _*
Ue.Lue.Ja~ Lj.\J,- „Til'..\_L£ Ami Aklvi...
ue . lue . JA ~ lJ . _\ J ,- „ til' .. _\_ l £ AMI _aKlVIOUttMl ** HO _> UlJte .- » At tlia Bail Court an action was brought by W . Lewis , an attorney , against a son of Sir Jukes Clifton , to receive thc sum of £ 320 , the . amount of a bill of exchange . The defence was , that at the time He bill was accepted tke defendant was a minor . Mr Watson , Q . C . and Mr Huggin g , appeared tor the p lain'iff , and Mr Cruwder , Q C . forthe defendant , Mr Crowder said , as the affirmation ef proof respectin ' , ' the defendant ' s being a minor lay with him , it was his duty to be _^ 'in . The Learned Counsel said the plaintiff in this case was au _attotne" - _, and _» believed _discoi-nted bills to a considerable extent _. The defendant , for whom he appeared , was a young
man under 21 years of age , son of Sir Jukes Clifton , Bart . There was no _di- _* p ' . itc as to the handwriting ofthe defendant ; but . is nis father had already paid upwards of . £ 25 , 000 for nim , it was thcught right to plead infancy , as he had been led into temptation ; in short , frightened int . ) accepting bills of large amounts : these particulars , however , he would not then enter into , as thc only question at issue was the plea of infancy . Sir Jukes Clifton , Bart , was then called . *—Ho said , I _reside near Nottingham ; tho defendant is my son ; he was born on the 2 lth of December , 1 S 2 G . Cross-examined by Mr Watson . — I have only one son . I cannot exactly recollect the year in which I was married—whether it was before the commencement oftlie present century or not . My
son has neve * been in thc army or navy , or followed any profession . I am sorry to say he has been very fond of sporting and racing . ' 1 have been with him at Epsom and other races . I have seen him ride a _stceplc-chase at Nottingham : tbat was about two years since . 1 du not know whether he betted largo sums on that occasion or not . Mr Watson—I believe _. Sir Jukes , very larce bets are made on steeple * chases , are they not ? Witness—You know as well all about that " as I do . { La ugh ther . ) Mr Watson Indeed I do not , * for 1 never saw a steeplechase in my life . Re-examined by Mr Croweler , —I allow my son an income of . £ 1 , 000 per year , and keep three horses for his use . 1 have paid upwards of £ 30 . 000 on his account . This was the whole of the evidence . Mr _Watsco .
addressed the jury l '» v thc plaintm in a very energetic speech . He " was astonished that such a defence should have been 6 et up ; thc plea they had to try whs the infancy of the defendant , and the only witness called was thc defendant ' s iiither , whose memory appeared so treacherous that he could not recollect whether he was married _duiin" the present century or uot . —( A laugh . ) Why , said the learned counsel , I do not impute any improper motive to Sir Jukes Clifton , but it shows a want of memory in not recollecting the year in which lie was _marrittl . I know well ( continued Mr W . ) the year in whic * i I became a married man . —( Laughter , in which the Court joined . ) I see his lordship shakes his head . — ( A laugh . ) Mr Justice Coleridge . —No , I was only commiserating . * - ( A laugh . ) Mr Watson . —I do not _squire it , fov I can assure your lordship it was the
happiest day of my life . —( A laugh ) Mr Justice Coleridge . —I thought you appeaved to have some particular recollection of the event . —( A _lauj-h . ) ' <• After some observations relating to a " p lea of infancy , " the learned counsel said he thought that it had not been satisfactorily established in this case , , and he was of opinion that , as the money bad been i received by the defendants , it would have been _t his best and _irrscst policy to have repaid it , and not i have defended this action . Mr Justice Coleridge i said the only question lor the jury to decide was , * , whether the defendaut was under thc age of 21 at t the time he accepted thc bill , or not . It ' they be- - lieved the testimony of his father , and he saw no o reason whatever to doubt it , they wouid not be ig < I d _aw'jy by any remark * , oftho harried counsel for the ie plaintiff , but return a verdict for the defendant . The ie jury returned a verdict for the defendant .
Ol*B Liberal Uovtrxjittnt—By The Civil L...
Ol _* b Liberal _UovtRxjittNT—By the Civil List _ist Act , 1 Vic . cap . 2 , it is provided that the sum of of £ 1 . 200 shall be nearly _set _ part for pensions ; tbat tat this sum shall be appropriated conformably to the re- resolution ofthe IIouso ot Commons , of February , ISoi , 34 , ( see p . ISO , ) namely , to such persons only _ashavc just list claims on the royal beneficence ; or who , by their eir personal services to the crown—by the performance nee i of duties to tho public—or by their useful discoveries ties i in science , or attainments in literature and the arts , _rts , have merited the gracious consideration of their leir : sovereign , and the gratitude of their country " , and and ! an account of such pensions shall be annually laid be- before parliament . It is not easy to comprehend the the i
exact fitness aud import of this imposing announce- _Hcement , in almost the * first imperial act alter her Ma- Majesty ' s accession . The objects set forth to be rewarded rdtA and encouraged are certainly deserving of all honour , our , and justly merit a nation ' s gratitude ; but then tho i < he < disproportion between tbe magnitude of these ends , > i _* is , _* and the sum set apart for their attainment , is ini-i _inw mense . Surely £ 1 , 200 per atmum could hardly have have been deemed adequato to the purpose by any sane saw * legislature . The discrepancy between preamble ar . d _; _ar . dt conclusion reminds usof tbe fellow in Co _ _stantiKO' . le , ! _o-. _* te ' who went about the street , trying , ina loud voice _,-oicet "In the name of the prophet , _/^ ;"—Mack Hook of ooko } _Lmjland .
Tue working classes met at Halifax , Yorksh ire , hive on Friday , in immense numb , rs , and a resolution in _' on i favour of the government evuc & tim -scheme _wi ** _^ carried by a majority of three to one . Dean _SwiiVa -muff-box is announced for w _* _wle i Bristol .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 24, 1847, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_24041847/page/2/
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