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Coroguoiweiice
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THE lATE CONTENTION, to ihs xorroxi of i...
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A Word to Bboihebs.—If your sister, whil...
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3ffrinitttu* airtr Sorti'mtture
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS. For tiie Week c...
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THE INORGANIC MATTER OF PLANTS. The port...
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There arc 64 parts of sand or suica, m r...
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occ««sooat , *»^ •r'SSS'H x 53*2 2. o a*...
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The proportion of magnesia here varies i...
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Fertile. g _______ Vl coMrosmoH or sons....
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Of these three soils—one is fertile, wit...
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* t?ian&
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THE REPEAL AGITATION.-CURIOUS EXHIBITION...
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Cfjarttft fttttelitseiue.
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LONDON. Metropolitan District Council, T...
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mnmmte, %u
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BANKRUPTS. (From Friday's Gazette, May 1...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Coroguoiweiice
_Coroguoiweiice
The Late Contention, To Ihs Xorroxi Of I...
THE lATE CONTENTION _, to ihs xorroxi of ihe sobthebs stab . s «_ yow _Ouxt the decisions of that important body f . _a-silch its acta P » vc to have been ) , the late Convener . ' _., are before the country , I think it is the duty of ere . -incfire democrat either to shew that the _recomneii ' _-atious put forth by that assemblage are unworthy their attention , or if they approve them , then to assist in _carrjiug them out _Ihave _, ior , "heard it objected that the Convention was but thinly attended , and that therefore , its resolutions cannot be _considereil as tending npon those who did not take a part in cansin *; it to meet . This , I think , is rather the fault of those parties who didnot send delegates than those who did , as I believe all were invited to join in mailing it in numbers what it undoubtedly was in feeling
and in mind—a national representation . I deny , now-BTer , that numerical strength is any argument either for or jujainst the _pi-o-Misitions enunciated by the Convenion ; andif those who _eoeS would only wort , I humbly submit that the latter policy would prove as serviceable to the cause as the former has already been detrimental . The Convention presents one grand feature ; it was _coiaxiosed { witli about two exceptions ) of working men , who from iheir position in society might not be considered as compel uttodo the business for which the business for which they were met as if they belonged to a more " respectable '' class , and I will hazard the assertion , that so previous assemblage of any nature , in this country , ever propounded measures so likely to prove serviceable to the cause of the people as those Which resulted from their labours . There were two in particular , the Land and Election schemes , both of -which axe eminently _calculate ! to advance Chartism .
Some think differently , especially with regard to the Land project . It is asserted that it -wUl distract the people ' s attention from the main object — the "People ' s Charter . '' The logic employed in support of this view is of a curious character , and if true , would establish the uon-existencc of principle -without poverty , which means no principle at all . Tor when any great principle is adopted , not on account of its own intrinsic merit , but because it may prove serviceable in enabling a party to compass a certain object , then it is thc object that 13 desired , and not the principle by which it may have been accomplished ; and if the -same aid could have been achieved by opposite means , the ivi-ong would nave been adopted as the really-right . In such a case there can
bf no prnu-iple , but what miserable theorists call * " expedieuoT , " the definition of which is , anything which circumstances may decide . The argument ( I shall call it such through fourtcsy , and respect for those from whom I differ ) _ . _ rstly— "That itwUl divert the atteution of the _» vorki ! i _^ classes from the attainment of their political _rights , aud make that which ought tobe a movement for _tlieatcomplidimentoflibeity _, a pettifogging joint-stock landocracy . " Secondly , —that in proportion as the people are _reuaured coii—brtaKe in their social condition , so , ia a similar ratio , do they become - —different to the state of those around them , "—Now , sir , with regard to the first objection , it ought to be distinctly understood that th--: Land scheme is only meant to present in miniature what wonld he the condition of thc whole
nation did they possess the land natiottally , which I presume would be tlic case if they had the Charter ; and , so far from the land plan operating to the injury ofthe movement , I am decidedly of opinion tbat it will furnish a grand _inc-aitivc to action . The people have long been looking tor a specimen of Chartism reduced to practice : the Land Society Bill doubtless furnish them with one : aud should they do so , they wUl render an important service to the cause of down-trodden humanity . The object ofthe Chartist agitation is the accomplishment of happiness for ah * . Happiness can never be tbe lot of that man who has to depend upou the will of another for his daily bread , and yet this must always be the case , no matter whit the form of government may be , so long as thc people are not the independent proprietors of their native soil . "Witness , as a proof of this , the internal divisions and
dissensions tliat are now agitating the United States—the " model Republic ; " a country possessing illimitable resources , with every facility for their development , with old kin- ; and priest-ridden Europe before their eyes as an example of the effects of usurpation and tyranny ; and yet the citizens of that glorious confederation are fast becoming lowered to the degraded monarchical standard , and all because they have committed one grand and _fatal-mislaie —they have allowed their attention to be turned from the _lasd , and have engaged in a ruinous race of competition with thc white slave-drivers of the * ' old country . '' But , thanks to the spirit of the age , the working men of the _Dsion are now opening their eyes to their error , for which
error they appear determined to make ample atonement to Uidrposterityliy declaring " war to the knife" against the old system of land robbery and oppression . Tbey are now prockiming the great and eternal truth , that the earth teas made for the use of aU . America clearly illustrates the fact , that libert y without land is slavery . Therefore , nothing can be-more serviceable to fhe cause of democracy than that the people should be taught the value of the land as themeans of affording social -happiness , and democratic institutions , as the only guarantee for the continuanceof that independence which is inseparable from the free possession of the soft . So far , then , as the Convention plan wiU forward this object , must tbe cause of Chartism be served .
The second objection I think to be equally as fallacious as the first , as , from all I have been able to gather upon the subject , the Convention never dreamt thatthe Land Society would be in a position to remove so large a share of tiie working population from the overstocked manufacturing labour market , as to render it at all likely that the remaining workers -would , as a consequence , lag in their exertions to procure by equitable legislation what their more fortunate brethren might "become po < ° sessed of through the combined efforts of the Chartist Land Cooperative Society . I tliink that , in order to force fhe multitude , we should try to devote rather than degrade them , and , therefore , the argument , that principle is the necessarv accompaniment of poverty , is of no avaiL
The Registration and Election plan appears to me to be j « -nliariy well devised—firstly , because it gives to thc people the power of deciding upon their own candidate ; and , secondly ,- because the machinery is made national . Some men have , just now , become horrified at the idea of the nationality which all labour movements arc assuming , and express their honest (?) conviction that nation _, alitv means centralisation-, and therefore they oppose it . Kow , sir , I think differently , and for this reason : —1 find , from the proceedings of the Convention , that registration andelccti . m committees are to be formed in the several boroughs throughout fhe country , with one central commirtec in London , with Mr . Duncombe as president . In thc event of an election in any of the boroughs , the local committee , where the vacancy occurs , is to communicate
with the central committee ; and if the people should decide upon a satisfactory candidate , then all the local committees thronghont the country will at once be set in motion to raise the necessary funds to defray the expenses of the contest ; and if necessary , I suppose , that some able man would be deputed from the most influential districts in the eountry to assist in the election , by way of addressing and organising the unrepresented working men , and thus turn what might otherwiscpassoffasalocal affair , of little or no interest , to immense national advantage . The only centralisation in such a case would be the _wiUofaUblendedtogetherforthebenefitofalL Cavillers and disappointed snarlers only can object to such national _organisations . I am , Mr . Editor , with respect , A Chabtist .
A Word To Bboihebs.—If Your Sister, Whil...
A Word to Bboihebs . —If your sister , while tenderly engaged in a tender conversation with her tender sweetheart , asks you to bring a glass of -water from an adjoining room , you can start on the errand , but you need not return . You will not be missed , that _s certain ; we ' ve seen it tried . —American paper . Chrh - __ axr k Swi _ ehi __* -d . —lithe 22 cantons of Swit _ r __ d , there are 1 , 278 , 100 Protestants , 865 , 400 _Caaolics , 61 Monasteries , and 59 Nunneries _Fonsies Potatoes . —Oh Tuesday there was a sale of fourteen baskets of new potatoes from the Bermudas , brought over by tiie Trent steamer , at Monument-yard . The quality was pronounced very good , and the prices realised were under 2 d . per lb- The speculation having proved thus _suecesssful , and the root having been obtained in very good condition , there is no doubt bnt that these islands wUl In future furnish the first supply of this useful food to our markets .
Sea Tbips . —Asa proof ofthe increasing inclination ofthe inhabitants of London to proceed towards the sea for recreation , it may be stated that in the year 1843 upwards of 1 , 500 , 000 persons were landed at tbe various piers at Gravesend , and which wasiscnasedto -upwards of 2 , 000 , 000 in the year 1844 . These , of course , are exclusive of those who visited _&»___(* _, S _ eerness _, Berne Bar , Margate and Ranisgate , amounting to upwards of 250 , 000 . — Essex Herald . As Ei _ CT _ c Tei _ gi ___ will speedily be laid down on the raflw * y between Glasgow and Edinburgh . The work will be mtrusted to Mr . Bain , the inventor and patentee ofthe electrical clock .
_Spoktiso E _ n _ oEDD-AET . —On Friday last a man , who took to himself the high-sounding names of William Louis Bourbon Patmore , was charged before the Revs . J . P . IL Chesshyre , and C . Clark , at _Dunmow , with _en-jangering the lives of the deer in Hatfield Forest , by snooting at them with a most _unsportsmaa-like blunderbuss . On being required to give a good account of himself--which would be a puzzling command to many besides William Louis Bourbon Patmor _. —he claimed to be the son and heir ofthe Dukeof Cambridge , Prince " of Diamonds , Duke _tSMergenm , _^ and . hoi _ at ! , o | . iheJPjtmm _. Boya ] _^ all of which titles he -might' have usurped with-perfect impunity if he . had not added thereto "the Royal
Battue Sportsmaa , the _aasertionpf which character _^ brought _ _M " , m _"* Mi the _gr-jp _' _ofapo-ceman and we hvv , an _ * g _$ m & which a wx > k made up of scraps of paper , pictures from Punch , and pieces of _newspeprn , dvAj _fiakbed off with _ Hi _ iterated and offi-— - W 0 _f __ > ep _ rtage stamps ; which he carried on his * l « _reoTl ; _ ndc _ fed * bis Boyil Battue licence , could " _¦ _w protect "hb _ .- _'lTie _ ag _ tr * ste _S' _^^ -rj _Vfbr _ im , tt _ ugh not the lock , of a _™ ££ *«* s ; a _ - _ a _ medical man was clearly of _uS-te _^^ _^ 8 entKm * o _fte lunatic _—T-m at _Ho-rtoa , —Essex Herald .
3ffrinitttu* Airtr Sorti'mtture
_3 ffrinitttu * airtr Sorti ' mtture
Field-Garden Operations. For Tiie Week C...
FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS . For tiie Week commencing Monday , May 21 th , 1844 . : [ Extracted from a Dim of Actual Operations ou five smaUfarms on the estates of Mrs . Davies Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaithwaite , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of Farnley Tyas , near Huddersfield , in order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing ; them what labours ought to be undertaken on their own lands . The farms selected as models are—First Two school farms at WiUingdon and Eastdean , of
five acres each , conducted bv G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or sue acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , thc other by John DumbreU—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Several privatemodelfarms near the sameplace . Theconsecutive operations in these reports -will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and a _<* ricdtural value of the south with the north of England . Thc Diary is aided by "Notcsand Observat ions " from the pen of Mr . Nowell , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin .
"Can you keep a pig ? You will find a pig thc best save-all that you can have about a garden ; and he will pay you weU for his keep . "— The Rev . R . W . Kyles'Lecture . Note . — -The school farms are cultivated by boys , wk _« in return for three hours' teaching in the morning , give three hours of tlieir labour in the afternoon for tiie master ' s benefit , which renders the schools seifsuepobtisg . We believe that at Farnly Tyas sixsevenths of the produce of the school farm will be cusignedtothe boys , andlone-stventkto the master , who will receive the usual school fees , help the boys to cultivate tivtir land , and teach men , in addition to reading , writing , & c , to convert their produce into bacon , by attending to pigJxeping , which at Christmas may be divided , after paying rent and levy amongst them in proportion to their services , and bemadethusiiidirecil y toreach their parents in a way the most grateful to iheir feelings . ]
SUSSEX . _Mosdmt— IMingdo . _t School . Boys have a week ' s holyday , master weeding potatoes . Eastdean School Boys digging , and sowing turnips , hoeing potatoes , watering carrots and cabbages . Piper . Cleaning out the pigs , and miring well with mould . DumbreU . Rolling fallow . ToEsnAt— WiUingdon Scliool . Master hoeing wheat . Eastdean School . Boys a holyday , myself mowing clover , and turning a mixen . Piper . Composting manure from the pigs with mould and plenty of
liquid manure . DumbreU . Wheeling out manure , and spreading . Wedxesdat— WiUingdon Scliool . Master hoeing wheat . Eastdean School . Boys digging , and sowing turnips , hoeing carrots and parsnips , watering them , gathering rootsand stones . _Pj-oer . Planting potatoes . Buxxibrtil . Sowing turnips , and rolling them . TncBsnAT—WiUingdon School . Master earthing up potatoes . Eastdean School . Boys emptying tank , digging , watering ground , and planting cabbages , hoeing potatoes . Piper . Planting potatoes and beans . Dumbrell . Wheeling out , and spreading
manure . Fbidat— WiUingdon School . Master earthing up potatoes . Eastdean Scliool . Boys turning clover , hoeing potatoes , gathering weeds , weeding tares and oats , taking weeds to the pigs . Piper . Hoeing carrots . DumbreU . Sowing turnips , and rolling them in . _Satxjrday—WiUingdon School . Master digging tare ground for potatoes . Eastdean School . Turning up mould , emptying privy pails upon it , cleaning piggery and school room , watering lucerne . Piper Hoeing onions . DumbreU . Paring off clover stems .
YORKSHIRE . Slaithwaite School . Eleven boys , for afternoon labour , preparing ground for turnips , harrowing , drilling and sowing turnips , hacking roots , and gathering . John Stanford , earthing cabbages , digging between potatoe rows . cow-feedixo . WiUingdon School . Cows stall-fed with tares and clover . DumbreWs . Two cows grazed in the pasture during tbe day , stall-fed morn and even with Italian rye grass . Heifer stall-fed with tares and rye . Slaithwaite School . Cow fed in the stall with tares and rye .
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS . Tumor- _Dbjluko . —Drill in with your seed as many coal or wood ashes as you can get . You will find such a mixture a good stimulant for the young plant , and a preservative against the grub . Tbbxip _Cumaie . —A . cool and temperate climate is best for tbe turnip , and it attains to a larger size in the north than in the south of England . Feewsc Pbopebiies of _ii _ Turnip . —Von Thaer says , tbat _lOfftus . of turnips are equal to 22 S > 3 . of hay ; and an ox to get fat on turnips ought to have onethird of its weight daily . Top Dbessdcgs on Spbixo Corn . —[ " A pint of urine will raise a pound of corn * , and forty-eight gallons a quarter of wheat" ]—Early in May , or when the spring corn is well braided , you may apply top dressings with
good effect , in many , if not in all cases . The domes-[ tic guano , the natural guano , phosphated tank liquid , as auxiliaries io manure , or applied as top dressings , can never come amiss for any kind of crop ; and saline or chemical manures may be used , when your supply of home-made dressings is not sufficient . Top Dbe 8 S _* ko fob Spuing Wheat . —Apply the same substances as before directed for winter wheat , aud in precisely the same manner . Top Dbessixc fob Oats . —Also apply similar dressings , but perhaps , you may use with advantage more common salt , and omit rape dust , as well as soot , which , seem to be more especially requisite for the wheat than any other of the corn plants . Or , apply 1 ewt . of dissolved bones , sulphate of soda lj ewt ., nitrate of soda H ewt .
Top Dressings for Barley . —The same substances appear to be requisite for this plant , but thc follow ing results of experiment will direct you in regard to appliances for this crop . At Barochan , in Scotland , Mr . Gardiner , overseer of Mr . Fleming , sowed , on the llth of April , 1842 , common white barley ; it was top dressed in the beginning of May , as follows —with Nothing , the produce per rood was _6501 bs . of corn . Saltpetre , 28 fi > s . at a cost of 7 s . Od ., the produce was 779 B > s . ofcorn . Common salt , 84 _ _s . at a cost of ls . lid ., the produce was 756 fts . of corn . Nitrate of soda , 21 _fts ., and common salt , 281 bs . at a cost of 4 s . OJd ., thc produce was 1821 bs . ofcorn .
Guano , Sifts ., at a cost of 18 s . 9 d ., the produce was 864 _ _* s . ofcorn . Lime and salt , with dissolved bones , 84 ibs ., at a cost of 7 s . Cd ., tbe produce was 840 _ s . of corn . Top _Dbessko for Beass . — Nitrate of soda 11 ewt ., sulphate of soda li ewt . ObsebvatioxbtMb . Gabw . \ eb . —Froni whathas been observed , both in this and former seasons , all dressings and manures containing a large per centageof nitrogen , such as rape dust , sulphate and muriate of ammonia , nitrate of soda , & c ., make the grain grown by them lighter in weight per bushel , while at tbe
same tune they give more bushels per acre as well as more straw . On the other hand , such dressings and manures as common salt , sulphates of soda and magnesia , and bone dust , invariably give heavier gram per bushel , but fewer bushels per acre . Now , it appears from tbis , if the same be found good in other places , that the most judicious and economical method is to use a mixture of these , as common salt with nitrate of soda , or any of the others . The one wUl give quantity , the other weight ; because not one of the dressings enumerated above , except guano , contain all the ingredients - required for the rood of plants .
Thassflaxtisg Potatoe Shoots . —When there are breaks or intervals in your potatoe rows , proceed as follows . Take up , by the fork , a few of the neighbouring sets with care , and remove all tbe shoots from each set , except one ; restore it and its single shoot to the place it was taken from , and carefully plant tbe shoots removed from sneb set , in a coiline form , in the interval where the plants have failed , leaving only tbe top above the soil . They will grow , and produce abundance of tubers .
The Inorganic Matter Of Plants. The Port...
THE INORGANIC MATTER OF PLANTS . The portion of inorganic matter in vegetable substances is very small ; for example , in 100 tons of wood there is only 8 ewt . of ashes , but it is as necessary for the growth of plants as the inorganic part . The quantity of ash , or inorganic matter , yielded by different plants is unlike . Far instance , in the table ofthe "Average Composition ofthe usually cultivated crops , " 100 lbs . wheat has 2 lbs . of saline or inorganic substance ; oats , 32 lbs . ; beans , 31 bs ; and pease , nearly 3 lbs . Other kinds of plants , such as wood , yield unlike quantities of ash . Inorganic matter varies in quantity in different parts of the same plant . Thus , while 100 tons of wood yield 8 ewt . of ash , the same quantity of its leaves would yield five or six tons . The importance of leaves as a manure is thus obvious . In . different kinds of grain , also , the . case is similar . Wheat yields 2 per cent , of ash , whilst the straw yields 5 per cent . Oats yield 3 § per cent ., whilst eat-straw gives 6 per cent . This facti 3 mostimportanttothe p _** actii _^ fiumer , inas _ iuch as it addresses itself so very plainly to the systems of cropping land . Inorganio matter , in quantitV j Often varies in the same part of the same plant . Wheatstraw , according to the table , leaves 5 lbs . of ash , but it sometimes leaves as much as 15 lbs . This may be _o-wingto fiie nature of the soil , the variety of ihe grain , or the way in wliich land is treated . By analysing inorganic matter , it is found to contain nine _' or ten different articles . These are specified in the following t * bl _« : — .
The Inorganic Matter Of Plants. The Port...
INORGANIC MATTER IN lUWLBS . OF HAY . Clover . J " - " Lucerne Grass Red WMte Carbonate of Potash 8 . 8 19 . 9 31 . 0 13 . 4 Carbonate of Soda 3 . 9 5 . 3 5 . 8 6 . 2 Lime 7 . 3 27 . 8 23 . 5 48 . 3 Magnesia 0 . 9 3 . 3 3 . 0 3 . 5 Alumina ( existing in clay ) .. 0 . 3 0 . 2 1 . 9 0 . 3 Oxide of Iron ( rust ) — — 0 . 6 0 . 3 Oxide of Manganese — — — _ Silica ( sand ) 27 . 7 3 . S H . 7 3 . 3 Sulphuric Acid 3 . 5 4 . 5 3 . 5 4 . 0 Phosphoric Acid 0 . 3 6 . 6 5 . 0 13 . 1 Chlorine 0 . 1 3 . 6 2 . 1 3 . 2 . . _ 52 . 8 74 . 8 91 . 1 95 _. _ The Mowing table shows the COMPOSITION OF THE ASH OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF STRAW . Rye Straw . Oat Straw . Potash 17 . 35 2 . 18 Soda 0 . 31 14 . 69 Lime 9 . 06 7 . 22 Maguesia 2 _* tt * _-58 Oxide of Iron 1 . 36 1 . 41 Sulphuric Acid 0 . 83 2 . 15 Phosphoric Acid 3 . 82 1 . 94 Silica 64 . 50 54 . 26 Chlorine 0 . 47 1 . 50 100 . 11 1000 .
$ — ¦¦ - — ¦ THE NORTHERN STAR , May 24 , 18 _^
There Arc 64 Parts Of Sand Or Suica, M R...
There arc 64 parts of sand or suica , m rye-straw , whilst there are 64 in oat-straw ; and the large portion of silica wluch is contained in the dmerent descriptions of straw is the reason of their strength . Inorganic matter also varies in description in different parts of the same plant , * thus the grain and the straw of the corn-plant contain very different quantities of the several inorganic constituents . Ryestraw , according to one table , contains about four parts of phosphoric acid , and oat-straw two parts ; whilst , it you look to the annexed table , showing the quantities of ash in grain , it gives to rye 47 to 52 parts of phosphoric acid , and oats 46 to 40 . The grain part ofthe plant should contain a large portion of phosphoric acid—the half of the inorganic composition ofthe grain portion of the plant being generally composed of phosphoric acid : — COMPOSITION' OF _TIfE ASH OF DIFFERENT KINDS * OF GRAIN .
Occ««Sooat , *»^ •R'Sss'h X 53*2 2. O A*...
occ «« sooat , _*»^ _r'SSS'H x 53 * 2 2 . o a * 3 g ca . _* 5 a p P 2 , _-s 3 _* . o o » a ? r » 3 : _gg-oog- : - * . i ° 2 . _at ? : : * . : : >< 5 so " : : : : : : _«|> as : : : : ' _cg-H : : : : • : ¦ _**¦ _" § : • ' :.-.. re ::. : .... en ; .- " : ::- : _» .: * .: * . . ts * . t- _> is ? i _??? i ? r ° . _r *? - _Tintoh * . _UlsMlaeo ' _-f _ u „ u . _* . _tSMift O QO •— * " _- _"H •* M l ) k H >( S M _0 I I poi _r'Pr _*!*!? White _w _-ItS _-ROU-H- ) » _4 1 _"iglggglj * ed _. j a ( OH- H _» M « I r * P . ° l ! r P ?» f » . _babi-vy » _5 VOIO ) _UOia-OH co p-i , aMOtso , o Jfoss ia " o _* _jl loiabb _" _* _. ' m Land , o — . H oo S' » -i _ppusoi j- * lame oo c , _* I '» - *¦ CO < Bic I " - SickLd . « 3 _« . _! -. * . WWW 0 _O « J "'""" . rJ * . > - 01 j p I - - --ia I * bm »'« . * _4 _w _^ _en- 1 _« _103-O _U . _CAl _^ _-9103 I _? al » i- * _ui- * _** _* ¦ , » _, ppHi . _Hp-ijtH . filprns Cn I ( _fiHH _OHCH _9--The same part of the same plant frequently contains different quantities of ash , as illustrated by the following table : — COMPOSITION OF THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF WHEAT . GI 8 SEN . a S ¦ » S . 2 « . W a 3 -2 *» u 3 2 2 S < ~ £ _, BS « Potash 64 219 \ 338 242 301 Soda 278 157 ! — 103 — Lime 39 19 31 30 30 Magnesia 130 06 136 136 168 Oxide of Iron 5 14 I 3 5 — Sulphuric Acid 3 ' 2 J — — 10 Phosphoric Acid 461 493 j 492 455 483 Silica u 3 — 1 - 19 413 983 1009 1009 990 1000
The Proportion Of Magnesia Here Varies I...
The proportion of magnesia here varies in the different varieties of wheat . In the first column there are 130 parts—96 in tbe second , 136 in the third , and so on . The same is the case with phosphoric acid , and all the other substances . On looking to the substances , potash and soda , in the last table , it will be seen that where onc is deficient , the other is in large quantities . In the first column there are 64 parts potash and 278 soda . In the second , 219 of potash , and 157 soda . In the third , 338 potash and no soda , & c . The inference from this is , that these substances are capable of supplying the place of each other . There must , however , be a certain quantity of them —this is essential . By referring to sulphuric acid , in some of the columns it is absent , which renders it obvious that this substance is not necessary for the
formation of certain plants . The quantity of phosphoric acid varies very little , and the large supplies of this substance necessary for the growth of the E lant must be viewed as a fact of great importance y the farmer . It is tbis which is required in the grain parts ofthe crops and fruit , and without it the seed would not ripen . The farmer ought to study that his crops should get a sufficient quantity of this substance . The question next to be considered is , where does the inorganic part of the soil come from ? Rock , on being long exposed to the action of the elements , gradually crumbles down and forms a powder at its base . This is what forms the inorganic part of the soil . The globe at one time was all rock
but it has so crumbled down , as to form a loose powdery substance , which we call inorganic matter , and which , when organic substances , such as vegetable and animal remains are added to it , forms our earth . The rocks at different places on tbe surface of thc earth are formed of different clay , sand , flint , & c . Thc soils produced from these recks partake of the character of the rocks from which they originated , as may be seen by reference to any geological map . Were a portion ot this inorganic matter analysed , it would be found to consist of the same substances as the inorganic parts of the plants . We therefore draw the inference tbat the plant gets these from the soil .
Fertile. G _______ Vl Comrosmoh Or Sons....
Fertile . g _______ Vl coMrosmoH or sons . oh _ h M il si _•*¦ - * __ _L __ t _ £ __ Organic Matter .. .. .. .. 97 50 40 Silica .. 648 833 778 Alumina 57 51 91 Lime , .. 59 18 4 Magnesia .. .. .. .... 8 8 1 Oxide of Iron 61 30 81 Manganese .. .. 1 3 trace Potash „ „ ., ¦ _.. .. 2 trace — Soda 4 — — Chlorine ,. .. .. .... 2 — — Sulphuric Acid 2 1 —
Of These Three Soils—One Is Fertile, Wit...
Of these three soils—one is fertile , without any manure ; a second is fertile , but requires to be manured ; and a third is very barren , but is capable of producing when manured . The soil which is naturally fertile contains all the requisite substances ; that which is fertile , but -requires manure , has them iu smaller quantities ; whilst in the barren soil many of them are wanting , or at least are found in quantities' barely traceable . Phosphoric acid is a very necessary ingredient ofthe sou , and we see from the table that as one kind of soil has lour parts of it the other has only two , it becomes evident thatthe ' soil having the greater quantity must bo the best . It is a matter of the greatest importance to inquire by what process these soils may beassimilated in Quality .
Une would think it best to add those things which are deficient . But can it be done so as to pay ? While we improve it we must at the same time better our condition ; and it is generally observed that those who know most about their sous are those who make most money by them . If you know what the soil requires , then give it that substance ; and one of the results of elementary knowledge is , that it will tell what things may be employed beneficially , so as to improve the soil and __ atthe same time yield profit . A question of some impSrtance here arises . Itis this , —are those soils which possess all those substances in the table always fertile ? No , they are not . They may , for instance , be situated on the sea shore , and be so strongly impregnated with salt , that the
gram crops -will not grow upon them . Another noxious qualify they may possess , is oxide of iron , in the sub-soil . This is decidedly hurtful to the plants , and ,-where present in large quantities '/ no plant will grow . _Thesteps wbichmust be taken to render those soils fertile , is to remove the noxious properties . Should the soil contain all the ' requisites for the growth of plants ; yet by constantly cropping ' without adding manure , it gradually becomes worse Virginia , and several of the older states of America , which were at first so fertile as to raise crops for many years without manure , are now lying waste . How is this exhaustion produced ? By the crops graduall _y taking away those substances which are required in the soil for the growth of plants , thus leading to the practical result that good crops will not grow , and to the chemical result , that
Of These Three Soils—One Is Fertile, Wit...
some of those substances required for the growth of plants are wanting . But there is also a special mode of exhaustion . Phosphoric acid makes a half of the ash of grain ; now if grain-crops are constantly grown upon a p iece of land , absorbing large portions of this phosphoric acid , wliile thc straw only , containing little or none of this substance , is returned to the land , in a year or two tliere will be no phosphoric acid in the soil , consequently crops requiring it can uo longer be raised . For general exhaustion there must be put in those substances taken away for special exhaustion the same . If a piece of land has been cropped for fifteen years , till a substance is exhausted whicli the plant requires , it is of essential importance that tho farmer should know this substance , that he may add to it ; and not be putting on manures which are not wanted . A gentleman in Kincardineshire one day observed a field of growing oats , and remarked to the farmer that there was a
veiy light crop . " 0 yes , sir , " said the farmer , " but this is the sixteenth crop of them . " A farmer in Wigtonshire lately succeeded to a lease of land that had been regularly grain-cropped for fifteen years by his predecessor . The soil was , of course , in a very bad state , and he proceeded to improve it . This he did by adding large quantities of farm-yard manure . But the soil was only exhausted of phosphoric acid ; and so , in adding farm-yard manure , he had been laving ou substances which were not required . He perhaps laid on 50 tons of manure , costing him £ 1212 s ., whereas if hc had only added 50 lbs . of bone-dust ( wliich is the simplest way of putting on phosphoric acidh the same purpose _Iwould have been served at one-nfth the expense . This kind of knowledge comes to be of a practical and money value , inasmuch , as it shows how to give to the soil what has been carried away , more expeditiously , and at a cheaper cost , than could have been done without it . —Professor Mnstoii .
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The Repeal Agitation.-Curious Exhibition...
THE REPEAL AGITATION _.-CURIOUS EXHIBITIONS ! THE IIUSH " _MARiraS . " " There ' s none so Wind as those who will not see , " There is to be a demonstration upon the 30 thinst ., and , teking the Freeman ' s Journal for our oracle , we learn it is to be a most melo-dramatic and imposing spectacle . In tho first place , there is to be a procession , and such a procession as would enrich the treasury of the Lessee of Hawkins-strcct , or the spirited proprietor ofthe Portobello Gardens . The people are to leave off working that they may form a monster gathering , to commemorate the eventful day , and the ' 82 Club and the Corporation are to
accompany the mechanica ' is , that they may add to the splendour ofthe scene . We will have much discordant music from the different Temperance bands , and avast deal of intemperance , we fear , will betray itself amongst the multitude . The Martyrs—what an abuse ofthe title . !—arc in regal state to await the arrival ofthe monster procession at the Rotunda , where a levee is to be held and addresses humbly presented and graciously received . The wordy homage of the civic and trades delegates will be penned in a high-flown strain of eulogy ; and it will demand considerable exertion to maintain a grave and decorous bearing while recounting the unheard-of sufferings which the martyred chiefs endured when they underwent a three months' delightful captivity to
advance the weal of fatherland . Fiction will dwell with pathos upon the dark cell and the meagre diet—forgetting the rich repasts and oceans of Champagnewhich were served to the Repeal martyrs during their incarceration within the walls ofthe Richmond Penitentiary . The patriots , in their reply , taking a retrospective glance at the profit and loss of the speculation , will be apt to state that in so good a cause they would not be unwilling again to suffer twice as much of such martyrdom . It would be well if some person more blunt than his neighbours would seize the opportunity to inquire of the martyrs when the
accounts of tne Corn-exchange are to be submitted to public inspection , so that the countiy may ascertain of what sort of stuff modern patriotism is composed . It is bruited throughout town that the jobbing and corruption of the old legislature in College-green never equalled the profligate expenditure of Conciliation Hall , which has become so disgraceful as even to provoke a schism , with bitter recriminations , among the well-bred gentlemen ofthe Finance Committee . Publish the accounts we repeat , and if some of the patriots of 1843 do not turn out to be the moat calculating fellows alive , then will we allow ourselves to be deemed no prophets . —Dublin World .
DISSENSIONS IN THE REPEAL COUNCILS . ( From the Times of Tuesday . ) Dublin , Mat 18 . —As it was predicted , the longsmouldering jealousy , if not positive distrust , subsisting between " Young Ireland" and the " _Grandfather" ( the writers ofthe iViia ' _onandMr . O'Connell ) has burst forth into a furious and irreconcileable schism . A meeting of the committee of the ' 82 Club —a body which , by the way , never altogether enjoyed the confidence of the leader—was held yesterday , when , amongst other topics , the question of
academical education was incidentally brought under discussion , and views diametrically opposed to each other wereput forward by Mr . _O'Conuellandthe representatives of the Young Ireland party present on the occasion—the former severely condemningthe tone of the article published in the Nation of that day , Upon the subject of the new colleges ; the latter retorted with becoming spirit , and an angry controversy terminated by Mr . O'Connell charging his antagonists with having " drawn the sword , " and that they should be prepared to abide tho consequences . And so the matter rests , for some time at least .
o ' connell versus tue " nrjoon and __ t _ _s-mongers " —A HINT TO " TOUJrtJ IRELAND . " At the weekly meeting of the Repeal Association in Ireland , Mr . Robert Dillon Browne , M . P _., in tbe chair , Mr . O'Connell said that while he was occupied handing in money at the last meeting , a letter was put into his hand with a request that he would read it to the meeting . Ho had too much experience to adept any sueh course without first being made acquainted with the contents ofthe communication ; and when he did look into it he found it to be a letter fimn Mr . O'Callaghan ( author ofthe Green Book ) , with a song and apiece of music , which he wished to be presented to the association . The music was a battle song , with an incitation to fieht . and bcine no
judge of music , he ( Mr . O'Connell ) did not know whether it was good or not , but the poctiy was very indifferent . As the communication came from a respectable gentleman and a member of this association , he did not wish to speak harslily of him ; but he had no hesitation in stating that it was unfit , for public inspection . This was not a fighting body—it was a peaceful body ; and so far _fromseekingfor their rights by the exercise of physical force , he would not accept emancipation at the cost of ono single drop of human blood . He was an apostle of the sect which sought for political amelioration by peaceful and constitutional means . These were the means by which emancipation was achieved—by these means , and by none other , would they seek for reueal . and
by these means and no other would they achieve their repeal ( cheers ) . This war Bong was , therefore , a contradiction of their principles , and in sending it back to Mr . O'Callagham , who ought to have known better , they should not repudiate it with scorn , but with some indignation ( hear , hear ) . What curious notions get abroad occasionally . Yesterday he ( Mi * . O'Connell ) got a letter from London to the effect that be was usurping the Royal prerogative by wearing a green cap . The reason he wore a cap was , that being so long in the habit of wearing his hat in the House of Commons , he could not pass any length of time in > a warm room without having his head covered to avoid catching cold . It was also objected thathe was to hold a levee on the 30 th May . Why the Chancellor held four levees in the year , the judge 3 fheld four levees— he liimself attended a military levee held by the Duke of York , and the Commander in Chief held
levees . It was , therefore , idle to say that the levee whicli he and his six fellow '' convicted conspirators " intended to hold onthe 30 th of May was any usurpation ofthe Royal prerogative . There were to be seven of them-tbe heptarchy of the Kings of Brentford ( laughter ) . But while he laughed at these x _)^ ' , e wa 3 _se r nous angry at the conduct of Mr . O Callaghan . Hc was sure he did not require a seconder for his motion that this letter , and song , and the music be sent back to the author ( hear , hear ) . If Mr . 0 ' ( kdfaghanjoix \ ed ike Repeal Association on the supposition that it would adopt such principles , the sooner he left it the better . If he conceived this _soxxgwas _tonststtnlmthiheirprimiples , they respectfully begged of him tobe no longer a member of it . He concluded by moving that the war song be sent back to Mr . O Callaghan , with an intimation oi the reasons they had for so doing . Passed . "
ANOTHER niNT TO ME " DEATHLESS" POETS OF THE " NATION . " Mr . O'Connell said that at the state trial , ballads and placards were _^ given in evidence , of which tbe accused knew nothing ; he therefore gave notice that tliey would not be responsible for any placards displayed at the Tara procession , on Thursday , nor for the batiads which might be sung there . He hoped the repeal wardens would give into the hands of the police ' any placards they saw exhibited at the meeting at Tara , or along the route to Navan . He might here observe there would be no speaking at Tara they would only meet there and hear mass , and then form in procession to Navan .
REPEAL APATHT . Mr . O'ConneU _jave notice of another motion for this day week . The progress of the repeal cause was not . as rapid as it might have been under other eircumstflnces . It was impeded by accidental causesone was the _Charitable _^ equests Bffl , which created much discussion among t ] mm _\^ aid a great deal of unpleasant eehng «* other quarters . _ fe was not condemning , still less speaking in favour"ti thatbSIhe w _^ ooJy . sj _^ Wof it •_ Sne ofthe causes wSh _¦^ urre d . »™ _*? % _Present year to : _refcKE _gress of the Repeal cause ..: Another '' « £ » _S the discussion WU on the T Maynootb Bill , and as he said he 0 _? _$ , _^ a _* in & _™» ™ agtiSft 3 ?_ J quests BUI , he could not speak of the _Kooth "BUl
The Repeal Agitation.-Curious Exhibition...
without expressing his warmest approbation of it in the strongest terms which he was capable of using , and he was truly grateful for that bill . ( Hear , hear . ) He meant on this day week to propose resolutions respecting the future conduct of the association . The first would relate to the spread of repeal reading-rooms ; second , dissevering every public meeting from the exhibition of placards , the circulation of ballads , or the language used by any but the speakers who addressed the chair ; third , that every county , city , town , and borough should register as many repeal voters as possible ; fourth _. that every county _. city , town , parish , and hamlet should have petitions for the repeal ready by thc first day of next session of Parliament . Thev would have 2 , 000 , 000 of signatures on
tho table of the House of Commons , and thus show the entire empire the feeling of this country . Thc association would prepare the petitions in the mean time , and their adoption would _stixxndati-the collection of the repeal rent through the couxxtry . They would place from three to five petitions every day on the table of thc house , and thus keep the question constantly before the legislature . He was encouraged to hope for speedy success , by what he saw passing around . He saw a great dispute between _England and America , respecting the Oregon territory—that dispute was anything but settled , and it was manifest there must be an abject submission on the part of England or America , or a desolating war . He wanted England to be prepared for the worst—he
wanted Englandto enlist the Irish nation m her cause , and then she might set America and all the rest of the world at defiance . For the first time since the union they had a government that was aware ofthe great advantages to the empire by conciliating Ireland . ( Hear , hear . ) Sir Robert Peel was making exertions to bring about some good measures—some certainly were not veiy . happy ; but still he was entitled to _CTedit for good intentions . They would call upon him to extend corporate reform , to extend the elective franchise , and , in short , to remedy the palpable grievances so often stated in this association ; but the real remedy for all the evils of Ireland was to be found only in an Irish Parliament . ( Hear , hear . )
THE QUEEN S VISIT . Mr . O'ConneU next adverted to the report ofthe _El'Oeeedings which took place at tho late interview etweenSir J . Graham and the deputation from the Dublin corporation , which went over to invite her Majesty to visit Ireiand . He commented upon the observations of Sir James Graham , and said that the cause of the change ofthe lauguage used in the association was owing to the offensive speech of Mr . Macaulay . He ( Mr . O'ConneU ) had now to say that ifthe Queen comes to Ireland sheshaUbe treated with every mark of respect and affection which her high rank entitles her to . She would see or . hear nothing that was not intended to honour her and give her joy . ( Hear , hear . ) The repeal agitation should not be abandoned during her stay , but it would be mitigated in such a way as lo save her Majesty _fx-om any unpleasant feelings on the subject . ( Hear , hear . )
MORE _REreALM-NTS . The foUowing , from the Dublin correspondent of the Morning Herald , appeared in that paper of Thursday : — Rumour—and something more—has it , that the principal martyr is sick at heart at the manner in which he is thwarted in committee on some vital questions . The Young Ireland party have become , quite unmanageable ; indeed , they dare to have an opinion of their own , and sternly assert it too . Over and over again have they outvoted the great man , and at present are in open rebellion against him on
the subject of the proposed new coUegcs . Mr . Smith O'Brien lias taken the lead against him , and it is considered passing strange that a letter wliich he ( Mr . 0 'Brien ) addressed to the secretary of the association , setting forth Iub reasons for supporting the main points in Sir James Graham ' s bill , has been suppressed . The hon . gentleman intended it to be read yesterday , but Mr . O'Connell interposed , made a long speech , puffing up Mr . O'Brien for liis manifold virtues , but said nothing of the letter . Will the member for Limerick be wheedled by the self-elected member for all Ireland ? Those who know him well and long , say No—his character forbids it .
' OLD IRELAND AND " YOUKC IRELAND . " The following article from a Whig paper , the Dublin _Monitox-, is of value just now ; it tells many home truths : — Things are fast approaching to a crisis with the gentlemen of the Conciliation Hall . It is quite manifest that "Young Ireland " and "Old Ireland " cannot much longer act in unison . "Young Ireland" is somewhat seditious , but has much integrity of purpose about it . " Old Ireland" is prone enough to talk sedition , but has no notion whatever of acting it . " Young Ireland" is too enthusiastic to be factious —too full of ardent aspirations to be dragged through thc mire ofa senseless and aimless agitation . " Old Ireland" has no notion of the poetry of politics—it has homely notions of pounds , shillings , and pence ,
and panders to discontent as the best means of fiUing its treasury . " Young Ireland" would educate her people in the hope that an educated people would prove more determined of purpose , more stern in resistance , more eager for national independence , than an illiterate people . "Old Ireland" has no desire to promote education , should thc doing so forfeit an opportunity for making an appeal to the passions and prejudices of the multitude , who are always best managed and played upon in proportion te their ignorance . "Young Ireland" would have Protestant , and Catholic , and Dissenter , all educated together , in the hope that thus they would learn to know one another better , and , when the struggle for independence comes , be found united around the green banner of "
Separation . " " Old Ireland" does not look so far a-head —does not contemplate the fight at all—talks a good deal about it , but dreads its coming , and only wants to continue the agitation with sufficient noise to make it of some importance , and with sufficient of menace to make it formidable . In short , " Young Ireland" is honestly bent on working out the national independence of Irelandthe complete separation of this country from England ; while " Old Ireland" onl y desires to continue the agitation as the means ot retaining his position as the representative of all Ireland . Between parties so actuated by different motivesso influenced by different impulses—it is not possible that harmonious action can long prevaU . " Old Ireland" has been forced on many points to yield to " Young Ireland . " For instance , on the Bequests Act , on the Maynooth Bill , and now the battle is raging respecting the Academical Education Bill
and wo predict" Young Ireland" will have aU the glory anil triumph of a victory . It is said a letter is in town from Mr . William Smith O'Brien , in which ho pointedly avows his approbation of the principle of that bill ; and Mr . O'Brien now ranks as a leader of the " Young Irelanders . " He has Mowed up the opposition of Mr . Davis and Mr . Dillon to the " Liberator" in his wholesale reprobation of the bill . The CathoUc prelates meet on Wednesday next to consider the bill , and " Old Ireland , " finding that lie cannot contend against the influence of " Young Ireland" in the Conciliation HaU , has taken refuge in the benefit of clergy , and having said every hard thing he could think of in reprobation of the bill , with mock humility proposes not to give an opinion on the matter till the Bishops have spoken ! So far the victory is to " Young Ireland . " The Catholic prelates , we trust , wiU improve that victory .
Cfjarttft Fttttelitseiue.
_Cfjarttft fttttelitseiue _.
London. Metropolitan District Council, T...
LONDON . Metropolitan District Council , Thursday , May 18 th ; Mr . J . F . Linden in the chair . —Several reports having been delivered in , Messrs . M'Grath and T . M . Wheeler , on behalf of the Executive committee , attended , and impressed upon the CouncU the necessity of immediately appointing persons to attend as members of the Registration and Election Committee ; also the Exiles Restoration Committee . On the motion of Messrs . Arnott and Simpson , the foUowing resolution was unanimously adopted : — " That this Council hereby calls upon all localities , who have not done so , to immediately elect a person to act on the Registration and Election Committee , as proposed by the late Convention ; and also to appoint a person to become a member of the Exiles Restoration Committee . " —Mr . J . F . Linden postponed his motion for the "issuing of monthly addresses , for a fortnight . The Council then adionmed .
The _Ciir of London Locality request insertion for the following resolution , passed imammouslv at their meeting on Sunday evening last : —Moved by Miss Wilmot , seconded by Miss Dolby— " That the thanks of tins meeting are due , and are hereby given to Feargus O Connor , Esq ., for his arduous labours in the cause of Democracy during the long time he has been before the English nation—labours which he always performed cheerfully and faithfully , despite the persecution and prosecution of the open foe , and the stiU more deadly shafts of false friends . And this meeting is further of opinion that the charges made by Bronterre O'Brien , William HU 1 , and their co-knaves and fellow traitor _^ are false and unfounded , and had their rise in disappointed ambition , base ingratitude , and deadly hatred , from men who have experienced Mr . O'Connor ' s generosity , but who , 'viper like , ' seek to 'cancel obligation' bv stinging the nand that was stretched forth to save them from destruction . "
Whitec _ _> el , _—LECtcRE . —On Sunday evening according to announcement , Mr . Christopher Doyle attended at the White Horse , St . _Ma-y-street White chapel . ; Mr . George Hall was called to the chair " who , after some appropriate remarks , introduced Mr ' Doyle ; to ; the meeting . The lecturer delivered a _Rented address , which occupied one hour and a halfin the course rf which he contrasted the _coudHioh of the wealth-producing millions with tbat of their on . pressors . He . severely lashed the canting race of humbugs who , instead of instructing , were continuallv preachmg patience to the people , in order to keep them m ignorance and bondage . Mr . _Doyleurged on
London. Metropolitan District Council, T...
all present to avail themselves of tbe _assistniip-. j advice of the Registration Committee , as fu _* _-i- , i _|™ the late Convention . He likewise at some len- » t _( dwelt with much ability on the land plan , as _££ pounded by the Convention , showing what great good must accrue to thc working classes by placing the surplus population on the land . He concluded _lnadvising the ladies to lay out their money with those only who were favourable to the cause , and resum his seat amidst cheers . A vote of thanks was awarded to Mr . Doyle , who returned thanks . Several menj . bers were enrolled ; and it was announced that a lecture would be delivered in the same room on Sunday next .
Somers Town . —On Sunday evening lust t ] 10 _^ journed discussion on the propriety of forming a diatrict branch of thc Co-operative Land Society was resumed at Mr . Duddridge ' s rooms , 18 , T onlu _^ e street , New-road ; Mr . Laurie in the chair . Messrs Page , Edwards , Gambell , Arnott , Farris , and others ' having expressed tlieir opinions , and put several questions to Mr . Wheeler , that gentleman rose , and in an able manner explained the plan , which gave - » reat satisfaction . It was then agreed to nem . con . "Tliat a district branch of the Co-operative Land Society be now formed for Somers Town and its environs " The majority present _gave in their names as mciu . bers , and after a vote of thanks to the chairman , tho meeting separated .
BIRMINGHAM . The Ship Lvn _Chahtists . — At the meeting on Tuesday evening a lengthy discussion took place respecting our again joining the National Charter Association ; which endedin the unanimous adoption of the following resolution . By inserting the same in your valuable journal you wUl much oblige the Chartists of this locality . Signed , on their behalf David Pott , sec . Moved by D . Pott , and seconded by Mr . J . Porter , " That we , the Chartists meeting in this locality , do join thc National Charter Association . " It was also unanimously agreed that the secretary write to the Executive , stating the reason--why we have not conformed to the rules laid down by that body .
MANCHESTER . Lecture . —On Sunday evening last , May IStli _, a lecture was delivered in the Carpenters' HaU . The subject was chiefly on the enormous expense and evils of State churches . The lecture was attentively listened to by a respectable audience .
CARLISLE . Meeting of the Council of the Chartist Association . —On Sunday last the above bodv held their usual weekly meeting at the Associatioii-room No . 6 , John-street , Caldewgate , Mr . Jolm Morgan iri the chair , when , after the subscriptions were paid iu from the different districts , the following resolution was moved by Jolm Lowry and seconded bv John Gilbertson , and agreed to unanimouslv : — " That , in the opinion of this meeting , the attempt of Messrs Hill , O'Brien , Ashton , and Co ., to injure tlic character of Mr . O'Connor , is altogether futUe ; and
while we exceedingly regret that any causes for such an unpleasant affair as that which had lately taken place should ever have existed , wc ave at the same time glad that , seeing thc causes have existe d , their effects are prevented from being so baneful as they otherwise might have been . Aud to none do we consider ourselves more indebted than to Mr . Feargus O'Connor for his very able exposure of the whole gang , and for which we now tender our most sincere thanks , and our implicit confidence in that gentleman so long as he acts in the same straightforward manner he has hitherto done as a public character . "—John Lowry , Sub-Sec .
OLDHAM . Lecture . —On Sunday last Mr . Edward Clark lectured in the Working Man ' s HaU , _Ilorsedgcstreet , Mr . Thomas Lawless in thc chair—who opened the meeting by reading Mr . O'Connor ' s letter on the Land , wluch was listened to with great atten . tion . The chairman then introduced Mr . Clark , who briefly showed the good results that were likelv to accrue from the adoption of Mr . O'Connor ' splan of allotments on thc land . As a proof , he instanced tlte Wire-workers of Manchester , who had taken a small plot of land , and had found it of great service in keeping up wages . He then proceeded to show the necessity of political power , and urged his hearers not to rest satisfied until the principles contained iu the people ' s Charter were conceeded .
PLYMOUTH . Mr . O'Connor and his Traducers . — " Resolved , That the Chartists of Plymouth arc thoroughly convinced of Mr . O'Connor ' s unshaken integrity , and deeply regret that he should have been compelled to notice the worthless attacks of such miserable beings as J . B . O'Brien and Co . We further beg to thank the common enemy for kindly relieving our ranks of such unparalleled traitors . " The above resolution has been unanimouslv agreed to by the Plymouth Chartists . —W . H . Tremaix _. Sub-Sec .
Mnmmte, %U
mnmmte , _% _u
Bankrupts. (From Friday's Gazette, May 1...
BANKRUPTS . ( From Friday ' s Gazette , May 10 . ) James Richards , Deptford Bridge , plumber—Frederic Lindsay Cole , Fenchurch-street , City , wine merchant-John Lampray , Warwick , money scrivener—James Liv . _ingston aud Thomas Krittain , Manchester , _phnnbers-Willaim Sumn . ers and Nicholas Rac , Manchester , rope _, makers—Edward luwton and Thomas Kav , Rochdale , Lancashire , iron-founders — William Rus _' sell , Jamea Knowles , and Henry Siraister , Salford , Lancashire , per . chers . _DECIARATIONS OF DIVIDENDS . J . It . Heron , Manchester , cotton-spinner , final dividend of _11-lGths of Id in thc pouud , any Yt ' ednesday , at the ofhee of Mr . Pott , Manchester .
BANKRUPTS . ( From Tuesday ' s Gazette , May 20 J George Clement and Henry Summons , _Nclson-terrace , Stoke " _Sewiii'ftoii , tea-dealers—Victor Guigues , Leicesterstreet , Leicester-square , hotel-keeper—Henry Terry , Battevsca , licensed-victualler—George Tuppenny Peers , Iron _, monger-lane , Cheapside , City , plumber—William Stocks nuddersfield , Yorkshire , merchant—William Watson , Wakefield , Yorkshire , licensed victualler—William Davis , Compton , Staffordshire , butcher—Jacob Parker , Cheltenham , cabinet . maker .
DECLARATIONS OF DIVIDENDS . T . Lee , Odiham , Hampsliire , tailor , first dividend , ot ' 3 s 6 d in the pound , Wednesday , May 21 , and two ' follow _, mg Wednesdays , at thc office of Mr . _Tiwiuand , Old Jewry . F . J . H . Muller , Addle-street , Citv _, furrier , second _divi . dend , of 3 d in the pound , Saturduv , May 24 , and two following Saturdays , at tlic office of " Mr . Groom , AbchurcU . lane , City . H . R . Stutchbury , Thcobald ' s-road _, _Bedford-row . book _, seller , first dividend , of 3 s Gd in the pound , Saturday , Mav 24 , and two following Saturdays , at the office of Mr . Groom , Abchurch-lane , City . J . T . Nash and J . Tomlinson , jun ., York , _mustard-manufacturers _, second dividend , of ad in the pound , and first dividend , of 7 s 5 d in the pound on new proofs , any Tues . day , at the office of Mr . Fearne , Leeds .
B . w . Palmer , Davcntry _, Northamptonshire , winemerchant , dividend , of is in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of Mr . Follett , Sambrook-court , BasinghaU . street . G . Francis and T . "Francis , jun ., Cambridge , com-mer . chants , second dividend , of 5 d in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of Mr . Graham , Coleman-street . E . Thornley , of Hinkley , Leicestershire , money scrivener , second dividend , of Is 2 _£ d in the pound , any Thursday , at thc office of Mr . Valpy , Birmingham . M . _Cooley , Spalding , Lincolnshire , tailor , first dividend , of ls 4 d in the pound , any Thursday , at the office of Mr . Yalpy , Birmingham . W . Walker , Birmingham _. hatter , first dividend , of 3 s id the pound , any Thursday , at the office of Mr . Valpv , Bir . mnigham .
dividends , / une 2 ? . J- Smith , Southampton , corn-merchant—Jun « 20 , T . Kilford , Southampton , cabinet-maker—June 19 , G . Pile and IV . J . B . Staunton , Bishousgate-strect-without , vnnc-nierchants-June 12 , R . and G . Charles , Liverpool , _ship-chandlers-June 11 , It . Almond , Orrell , Lancashire , _coal-dealer-June 12 , W . Carpenter , Chippenham , Wiltshire , innkeeper-June 12 , W . Pell , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , hneudraper—June 12 , E . NY . Peters , Coventry , wmc-raecchant . Cebtificates to be granted , unless cause be shown to tiw contrary on the day of meeting . June 12 , G . Wagner , Bloomsbury-square , draper—Juna 12 , 3 . Breckek , North-street , Finsbuvy-market , bedstead _, milker—June 10 , T . Piuglcy , Strutton-ground , West _, minster , draper-June 10 , W . G . Clover , Holborn , linendraper-June 10 , J . Christie , Notting IliU , stonemasonio
• juue , i . Paultou , _lligh-street , Portland Town , stonemason-June 11 , J . Gibbs , _Jcrmyn-street , scrivener-June " , J . A . Aick , Leeds , carver and gilder-June 18 , B . E . Koowson , Wolverhampton , grocer-June 19 , J . Pritchard , _ldlleshull , Shropshire , builder—June 11 , G . Phillips , Leicester , mnkccper-Junc 10 , J . and J . Woodhead , Bradw ii S ™* s _* ' ! re * worsted stuff manufacturers-June 10 , J . wells , Winchcomb , Gloucestershire , carrier-June 10 , St . A . _ileetlmm , Hartlepool , grocer-June 10 , H . Coleman , _unicm-court , Old Broad-street , City , merchant-June 10 a . 1 earse , Old Jewry , wine-nierchant-Junc 10 , S . Turner , nolton-lc-Moors , iroiifoiinder—June 10 , W . and J . Dees and J . Hogg , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , builders-June 10 , T . Goton , jun ., Grosvcnor-row , Pimlico , bookseller—June 10 , J . Gray , Manchester , upholsterer-June lo , A . W . Pollock , Liverpool , commission merchant—June 10 , E . J . Chapman , Bradford , Yorkshire , civil engineer .
PABTNBB 8 HIP 8 _DISSOIVED , J . Mickey and J . Agnew , Liverpool , _boot-makcrs-HThrclkeld and \ Y . Edwards , King-street , Cheapside , ac countants-J . D . Nicol , J . Wright , A . Hadden , and J . bmith , _Bombay-nierchants ; as far as regards J . D . Nicol Tt i _S u < _lf _ - * Scaw * StockPOi _" t , Cheshire , chemist ! a _™ athornc , Preston , Lancashire , _silk-mer . ?? . Cowgill _, J . Hopkinson , H . Hirst , B . Jessop , J . Mirst , S . Riley , and T . Lumb , Huddersfield , fancy woollenmanufacturers-W . Khigdon , jun ., and S . S . Kingdon , Exeter , attorneys-R . Smithson and W . Pearson , York , ale merchants —J . Cocker , J , Worrall , and J . Coc ker , Crompton , Lancashire , cotton-spinners , * as far as _re-rai _* - J . Worrall _ T . D . Moore and J . E . Christian , Liverpool , inerchants-J . and J . C . Grace , and G . Carlvlc . Liverpool .
painters ; as far as regards G . Carlyle-R . and W . Young , Brede , Sussex , drapers-J . M . Dods _, and J . and J . H _, Linklater , St . Martin's-lane , attorneys—R . Pickering and B . Shaw , Kingston-upon-Hull , printers—8 . _Isaacs vbA' _A Dyer , Brompton , Kent , provision-merchants—J . Bell , stii G . and J . Harries , Shrewsbury , tobacco-manufacturer * ; as far as regards J . Bell—R . and J . p , Johnson , Langty ; S lace , Commercial-road , _leather-sellers—G . Atkinson an * . Sidebottom , Kingston-upon-Hull , joiners—D . _Mallinso- and G . B . Dobson , Halifax , Yorkshire , grocers-J . Anderson andM . Bruce , North 8 hield » , joiners—M . Blackburn and J . and W . Burrows , Frestoh _. Lancashire , worsted stun * manufacturers- " *? , and R . Williams , Liverpool , _jolnew-C . Greenwood , W . H . Ebbs , and W . W . Greenwood , Great St . Thomas Apostle , City , _tov-merchants .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 24, 1845, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_24051845/page/6/
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