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JO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAJ*D SOCIETY.
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Mt Deas "Frieuds, OnThnrsaav|ast,Iwent t...
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IRELAND. KARBATITS; OJT MALCOLM JTGBEGOK...
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* % The SnuiiisG vr op Highland Passes..—We nva kIuiI tn fun ill.ir thu illoiml ntimnnr. lit' tho I);il.-i.
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/$k -^ Jatsfcy)^
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AND NATIONAL TEADES' J0UMAL.
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TOL. IX. NO. 470. LONDON, SATURDAY, 0CTO...
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EXECOTIVE. PER MR. O'CONNOR. A, Watson, ...
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jtJitlKomtng: jimmijSu
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CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY. SHAR...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Jo The Members Of The Chartist Co-Operative Laj*D Society.
JO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST _CO-OPERATIVE _LAJ * D SOCIETY .
Mt Deas "Frieuds, Onthnrsaav|Ast,Iwent T...
Mt _Deas _"Frieuds , OnThnrsaav | ast , Iwent to see an estate that was advertised to be sold at Marsh Gibbon , near Bicester in BucHnguarashire , and as the c apability Of the SOU has been a matter much disputed by persons who know no more about it than idiots , and as it is a subject npon which of all others yon shon d be _iiorongblj informed , and as one fact is worth a thousand arguments and ten thousand vague assertions , I shall recount some facts which I saw and
some that I learned in my drive from Aylesbury to Bicester , a distance of seventeen miles , and yon will understand that mine are facts , nnlike the fabricated onversations of the League , manufactured between steam-boat passengers and free traders , and not one of which ever really occurred . I have the vulgar habit of picking up Information from any source , and as f went in a gig and faaad my driver to he a verv shrewd fellow , 1 will recount the information that I gathered from him and through him _jjis name is Henry Turnham , he is boots and second torn" at the White Hart Hotel , Aylesbury
There is chapter and verse for the curious . I asked iim what the usual rate of wages was in the _county district ; lie told me it was 8 s . a-week , and was low in consequence of the introdnction of _agriculfcral machinery - , such as threshing- and winnowing machines , and that the trials for machine-breaking iad been dreadful . At that time there were so _gaixy labourers in pr ison , that they were obliged to send to the gaols in the morning to pick out those mere was least against to " sulk the cows . " I ' m _ujrrvtbev did not allow them to milk them themselves- hut you see they can ' t do even so much without
them . That ' s What I say , not ' what the driver said . A first cousin of his , "William Turnham , I think was one of three who were transported , they were made aa example of because they carried guns . He -was a capital workman , remarkably quiet and -ray much liked by his employers , he got fourteen years , and _jetnrned from the thieves' colony six weeks ago -inth eight hundred pounds , ( I wonder how long he would be making that among the honest gentlemen 2 t home !!) and was now about taking one of the farms of two hundred acres where the machines ted been destroved . Ton see how money makes
ihe man , and how its influence covers the law s condemnation , as well as a multitude of sins . When _wegottoa-viflagecalledWadsdrjii about sis . miles from Aylesbury , I saw a vast number of men working as if for their very lives , in a very large field and in their shirt sleeves . I said , " That ' s a proper farmer ; he digs his land and employs plenty of men . " He smiled , and replied , " Sir , those are all fanning for themselves ; that's a large piece of ground that the clergyman , the Rev-Mr . Latimer , took from a farmer that was letting it get had , and he let it out to the poor at
the same rent as the farmer paid . " God Almighty bless that clergyman " said I . " Well , and does it produce more now ? " " More , sir , " said he , " aye Bore than six times _asfmnch ; they are obliged to dig it , and it ' s the cleanest and best hit of landfor miles _wnnd . " " Well , " said I , " are they fond ofthe clergyman . " u Tes , they are , I often drive Mm and he's as nice a gentleman to speak to as ever I sat alongside ; he says he ' s very much pleased with his flock . I used to go to his church , and he has two for one now on Sundays , and they ' re so respectable looking . Indeed"he continued , " you may
see the people running in all . directions in summer time , when they ' ve done work for the farmers , and going till dark and almost before light to work for themselves . " " Well , " said I , "if there was a disturbance again would they attack their clergyman ?" " _Xo , indeed , " said he , " but they'd fight for him—I don't say the farmers would , but all the poor of tbe parish would , and tbe shopkeepers of Wadsdon ought , for there's a great improvement in thenshops . " " Now , " said I , " do they pay more attention io what he says on Sunday "? " " Yes , sir , to be surflther do , when the * know that he ' s for their
good . " It was half-past ten when I passed , and on my relnrn they were all working away , and to my sorrow , as I was driving to catch the train , I could not go amongst them to cheer them , and join in _fianksgiving to a minister of God ' s religion . I have often said give me , a thousand times give me , tbe cify-with its church steeples , in preference to the city with its long chimnies . "When did you ever hear of a cotton lord letting land to the poor . The way to the farm I was about to inspect was intricate , and lay through bye-roads , and when within about a mile and a half of the place I stopped and called at a cottage on the roadside , where I found a
strapping looking fellow between thirty and forty , ¦ with a charming smiling countenance , and dressed in a blue smock frock , who answered and offered to accompany ine to the farm . And now you shall have his history from his own lips . The farm was a common recently enclosed . My guide ' s name is Thomas Cater . Before the common was entirely _stolen the farmers leased it out in small lots , and Thomas Cater took four acres in the rough , with furze and all sorts of rubbish ; ( I give you his own words ] , he took the four acres at a rent of . £ 5 a year , or £ 1 5 s . an acre—he breast-ploughed and burnt it , and in two vears and a half he made it SO
GOOD that the FARMERS TOOK IT FROM HIM AS HE'D WORK NOWHERE ELSE—he had the best crops in the parish , and when they took it he would gladly have given £ 2 10 s . an acre , or double rent for it , that is double what they charged him , which in its then state was much more than it was worth . He built a bouse , but luckily for him not on the common , as that would have gone , but a mile and a half away from his work . _Tsow make a sum of this return _frora 4 acres of common fortwo years and a half . He lived and supported his family aud built a house , and he would not give his four acres for _£ 10 a year , that is £ 5 a year for ever over and above tbe too high _rat ; £ 5 a vear at 4 per cent , is worth £ 125 , so
beades living and building a house , this man had earned £ 125 , or £ 50 a year for two years and a _hahWhile the wages he could earn , and out of which he should live , but never could build a house , was 8 s a week , or allowing 10 s . —and to work every day in the year— £ 26 a year . Again , the two years and a half was all labour and expense , every other year it -would have been twice , thrice , aye leu times as productive . Now who would work for a master , when Le can work for himself . Well , _exv actly opposite the farm , at the other side , I saw a nan and two children , of about the respective ages of 6 and 7 working away , when Thos . Cater said smilingly , Look at them . Who are they , said I . Why , said he , that ' s the 45 acres that 12 of us took there
at jOs an acre , and that man is working on his own , and the youngsters are picking couch grass and weeds to burn 5 and they are so used to it , that they'd do as much as the man . Arc they ever sick ? a'd I ? Sick , he replied with a laugh , not they indeed , you'd see them crawling about there in summer before they can walk ; and they get as cute as cats before they are 5 , and tbey cry to come out . _^* _- _* , 1 said , how much do you hold—who is your landlord , and have you a lease ? 1 hold 5 acres at _£ 110—Mr . Root is mv landlord . We took it first
_™ 3 years , and since then we go on from year to year . Get a lease , said I . 0 ! the landlord is a Tery good man . Get the lease , I replied . I CAN'T , HE SAID . -Well now , I asked , what sort of crops bave Ku ? Well , he answered , I'll tell you . There can be no difference , said he , between the two sides of the "" ad , but the farm you ' re on is the best land ; this _J'tar he had three quarters of wheat io the acre , and _WE HAD 5 AND OVER . 1 then explained the disadvantage of living a mile and a half from his land , w hich he appeared to understand ; and I also ex-
Mt Deas "Frieuds, Onthnrsaav|Ast,Iwent T...
plained the land plan , and how each cottage was on the land , and tb . ele . ase for ever , and the bonus given to commence . O , said he , if I could only get that chance I'de jump for joy , WHY l'DE BE A GENTLEMAN . I had gone so far with my letter , when Mr Wheeler arrived at Herringsgate , at eight o ' clock at night , with the advertisement of a farm of one hundred and eighty-eight acres that was to be sold in Oxfordshire on the following day but one , and to inspect which I am obliged to start at an early hour to-morrow morning . I remain , Your faithful friend and bailiff , Feargus 0 'Coj _. xoh .
P . S . —I should tell you that I did not purchase the land at Marsh Gibbon for several reasonsfirstly , it was for the" most part common though good land ; secondly , the best half of it was flooded in winter by the overflowing of a brook which could not be lowered to a considerable distance ; thirdly , there was no sand to be had within three miles ; and , fourthly , it was very swampy and unhealthy , a thing that I am particularly anxious to guard against , and , beyond a fascina ting advertisement , you will see the necessity of minute inspection and enquiry before working men are located for life .
Now I will . briefly point out the requisites for a Chartist colony . Firstly . The land must be good and digable , and the situation healthy . Secondly . It must be within reach of good markets for the sale of produce and for labour , if those with two acres have families so large that they would feel disposed , at seasons of the year , to work for hire _. Thirdly . Bricks or stone , lime and sand , must be within a convenient distance . Fourthly . "Water is a great object to save the sinking of wells . Fifthly . The , roads should be good , and if near a railway station , so much the
better ; and last , bnt not least in importance , immediate possession mnst be had , I have _, recently had expensive trips to visit Hand that I would not accept as a * gift for [ our purpose ; for instance , I never got within two miles of the estate in Devonshire that I travelled eight miles beyond Exeter to inspect For the last three miles we climbed a rugged mountain side , like the bed of a rapid river ; and when I got within two miles of the farm , I learned that the expense of bringing bricks from the only place where they could be had even , to that point , was over £ 2 a thousand , being
more than the prime cost ; that the road from that point was impassable ; and that the farm , when 1 got there , was an unreclaimed mouutain ; and I often said to my friend Mr . Wilkinson , who accompanied me : "I wonder what a set of Lancashire operatives would say of my judgment while they were dragging their furniture up this mountain-side , and when they got to their destination , to find themelvcs in a wilderness , without a town nearer than ten miles . I beg that all persons sending advertisements will make as much enquiry as possible relative to the above requisites . F . O'C .
Ireland. Karbatits; Ojt Malcolm Jtgbegok...
_IRELAND . _KARBATITS ; _OJT MALCOLM _JTGBEGOK . 50 . n . Captain Burford was punctual to bis appointment , and from 9 till 12 , the boar at which he bade me good night and adieu , I had learned more of lie land and the Irish , from a soldier , whose natural feelings of humanity , right , and justice , had not been surrendered to the fashion of a slavish profession , than I had gleaned from my fellow passengers , oi gathered from political writers or prej udiced tourists ,
I bave always been averse to the usual mode by which ill-bred strangers hope to bespeak their respectability , by an eternal pulling at the bell , rowing the waiters , and abasing the fare ; and , therefore , _tnj first night at an hotel in a strange country , was divested of the usual incidents that the more bustling meet with , and not -anfreqaently fabricate . Tbe route pointed out by my friend , imposed npon me the necessity of being up and ready by six , the hour at which the Western Coach started , and by which Captain Burford had recommended me to travel the first
few miles of B _» y day ' s journey to the residence of tbe Rev . Mr . O'Farrell , there being nothing much worth ) of my attention till I reached Bandon , a town about K miles west ofthe city of C < . Tk ; and from whence , after the arrival of the coach , I could comfortably manage my fi _. sc day's march . Upon ordering my bill , I was much astonished at finding the call responded to by " mine hosfJumselfat so early an hour of the morning , and I was still more astonished at finding his charges as extravagant , if not more so than I had been accustomed to at the most expensive hotel * at home or abroad , but as the fare and comfort
was quite equal to what I had a right to expect , _mWe no remark , I discharged the bill , and satisfied the numerous applicants , even to the beggars that surrounded the coach , like a perfect swarm of competitors , mounted the box , and at the word " allright , " given with a rich Irish brogue , we started . Even at that early hour , every street had an appalling amount of the most squalid and miserable looking creatures that ever my eye beheld , who with anxious look surveyed those who were wending their way to their several daily avocations . The groups for the most part consisted of half-naked females , the majority of
whom had an infant tied up in the tail of a tattered garment , and fastened round the neck , while they groped in the ashes and rubbish thrown from the houses iu the middle of tbe streets , for such fragments of food as might have escaped the notice or have been beneath the acceptance of the cat or dog , and as a crust or bone was discovered by the anxious groper it was wiped and thrust into the hand ofthe infant , with a smile and some endearing expression , which the ear conld not catch , but which was returned by a look of something more than thankfulness by the child . My heart now became brimfull of sympathy
as I surveyed thu twilkht _m-nuicant population of a wealthy city , who appeared to cower before the gaze of comparative respectability , and were preparing to _make for some pauper haunt to wither as we passed further on , and as the day advanced , they appeared to fly in droves , where that fellow-feeling which makes us wondrous kind would level distinction and relieve them from scrutiny , and where they may remain unobserved until their hour came for another grope in the asheB from the merchant '** _SJXK . When we bad passed through the city , my _nikd was naturally bent upon what I had seen , and the thought struck me , that in my search alter knowledge , such a scene had never been described
bytourist , author , or editor , and I reasoned after the following manner : Historians chronicle the most ridiculous sayings of foolish nimiarchs , with disgusting precision , and novelists confine themselves to an overwrought description of scenery , and make their heroes and heroines as unlike human nature as possible , endowing them with supernatural virtues and courage upon the one hand , or defaming nature by _pouriraying them as monsters and ruffians upon the other hand , thus making some envy virtues which cw possess , and others practice vice which mest arc prone to . Surely , said I , the best read historian never could conceive such a state of things as I have just witnessed from all that l . e has read ; true , he may be able to trace the line of . _Xorman kings from
Ireland. Karbatits; Ojt Malcolm Jtgbegok...
an usurper , and may be familiar with the leading features of their reign , and such characters as the cynic or panegyrist may think proper to paint them in ; he may be acquainted with the battles fought in their time , the names ofthe Generals , disposition of their armies , and their victories and defeats ; he may be familiar with the manners and customs of the court , and the fashions and cabals of the age ; but , surely , lam not so muoh more ignorant than others , that what I have seen should be a startling novelty to ME , and so familiar to OUR RULERS AND AUTHORS , and the majority of well informed men as to make repetition superfluous , and surprise a just charge of ignorance .
My fellow-passengers and the passers by , I observed , took no heed of what to them appeared to be an _eve-yday occurrence , and when we had got off the stones , and when the coachman had a moment to spare from attention to the various turns and obstructions , I said , "Pray is what I have seen in the streets a usual occurrence ? " " What ' s that , your honour ? " he replied . " Why , the multitude of starving creatures that I saw in the streets . " "Ogh , " he answered , " you saw nothing ; if you were out about an hour sooner , you'de see tbem in earnest ; but by the time the coach passes , the poor
craythers that ' s naked are flit , and its only them that has some rags on them , that you see . " " What , " I asked in amazement , " and do you mean to say , that there are others more miserable and destitute than those we passed . " " Ogh . then , I'll engage but if you were coming down with me when I comes to the stables about five , that you ' d think nothing of what you see , as there's scores of ' em scampering home , with hardly atather to cover ' em , before they'd be shamed be the people going to work . " And where , " said I , " is their home ? " " Wisha , " said he , " wherever tbe poor craythers can find
a bit of shelter ; but I often wonder , myself , what becomes of them . " " But , " I asked , " have you no poor laws to provide for the destitute ? " " Ogh , we has poor laws to be sure , but all of them that you see has childer , and the poorest of ' cm would rather 6 tarve nor give 'em up . " " Well but , " I asked , " are they prostitutes , and have they no fathere ? " " What ' s that ? " he asked . " Why , " said I , " are they bad women . " " Ogh , no , notone of them I'll be bound , the _HOORS is better off , the devilaoneof TUEM'ilbeg , but their husbands is out in sarch of work , and can't get any , as the praties failed , and they trys to get
a morsel for the childer . " " 0 then" I observed , "itis not a usual occurrence , but merely temporary poverty , consequent upon the failure ef the potato crop . " " Why , to be sure , " he replied , " that makes it worse , but upon my word , in all parts I go , at all times of the year , I sees plenty _« f them , but then this is the time when all would have work and a bit to ait , as the praties does be digging , and plentiful . " By this time we had got as far as the County Gaol , a magnificent cut-stone edifice , approached by a splendid . entrance , and the land in its immediate vicinity was the most green and rich-looking I had
ever seen , with a river running through it , and which appeared to be covered with thistles , dock . * * , ragweed , and all sorts of filth . Alas , said I , if the inmates of yonder prison-house had been allowed to expend their labour upon the glorious soil within two miles of the metropolis , and if the amount expended upon the prison had been applied to the erection of cottages , what » much better protection it would be for the properties of those , for invading which many a poor creature is now a branded , and perhaps irreclaimable thief , in yonder ONLY REFUGE FOR THE DESTITUTE . I also marvelled
why the merchants' side of the city , to a distance of many miles , should present such a striking contrast with the interior ; and , upon putting the question to the coachman , his only reply was , " 0 , the qualityall lives on the river on the other side . " " What , then" said I , «* do the merchants and quality cultivate the land so much better than the tanner ?" " 0 no , I ' ll engage the divil a hands turn ever they does , but they ' buys all the dung in Cork , and spreads it out on the lawns , and keeps it all in meadow and for sheep . " We had now arrived at the foot of a steep bill , when the guard hollowed out " pull up ,
Tim , the gintlemin would like a walk this fine morning , to stretch their legs ; " and very shortly the passengers had all alighted , when I counted twenty-two , most of them , and especially the inside passengers , respectable looking well dressed persons . When we again took our seats , I asked the coachman what description of persons his passengers consisted of , when he replied , "why , your honour , they ' re most of them attorneys going to the sessions of Bandon , and them inside is counsellors , the sessions is on to day . " This was a welcome piece of intelligence , as it promised
to afford me an opportunity of forming my own opinion of the administration of Irish justice , of which I had heard so many conflicting accounts , while the class to which my fellow passengers belonged solved the riddle of so much mirth and joyousnes 3 in the midst of so much general suffering , as from their jokes , iight-heartedness , and laughter , tbey , at least , appeared to have escaped the national calamity . We had now reached the half-way house between Cork and Bandon , where we changed horses , an operation of so much importance in Ireland , and which took some time , and during which the coach was literally
surrounded with masses of famishing , perishing females , who , with infants tied up in the skirt of an old garment , and _. iu many instances , one in arms and another or more standing shivering by , solicited charity in the following manner : — "Ogh wisha then may God powr down blessings on your honours heads , and give something to the poor _craythiires that ' s famishing with _tke hunger , and may you never know what it is to want . God knows but we haven't a bit this blessed day lo put into the childer ' g mouths , and but their crying with the cowld and hunger . " This touching appeal was responded to by a _vulvar
joke from one of the outside passengers , which excited general laughter , and by the insides by the raising of the glasses . When I had exhausted what change I had , aud in return for which I received an ample share of blessings and prayers against want , the appeal to the more hard-hearted was renewed with increased and more piteous implorings as the coach was about to start , and as before was met with heartless jokes , until all hope from further prayers having failed , and as the disappointed expectants moved out of the way , they joined in a general howl ot execration ; " Wisha bad luck to your sowls , you
upstart crew , but I'll be bail as long as there ' s a bit to be had yees'll not want , but yees are going to Bandon to rob the poor , and the divil go along with yees , but may be it may come to your own turn to want a day ' s mail yet , and theu yees il think of the poor I'll engage , when hunger comes to yer own doore ' s ; God Almighty speed yer honour on the box , and may you never know distress or hunger . " All along the road on the bleak hill side I saw swarms of mud hovels without door or window ,
and which 1 supposed were intended as shelter for the shepherd and his dog while tending their mountain flocks ; but which , to my surprise , the coachman informed me were tlie _dwellings of those poor creatures , whose husbands went in search of work , and constituted the droves of beggars that everywhere assailed passengers for some relief ; in many instances tranipinffsixand soven miles in the hope of avoiding the police and of getting a penny from a coach passenger or a casual traveller . Wc had now reached Iunishannon , a lovely village , pic-
Ireland. Karbatits; Ojt Malcolm Jtgbegok...
turesquely situated on the Bandon river , in the midst of green and beautifull y undulating hills , once , as I was informed , the seat of the Adderleys , but now the property of a Jew , who became possessed of the whole family estate by feeding its late indolent , but yet worthy proprietor , until the proper timo for foreclosing the mortgage and becoming the purchaser . From Innishannon to Bandon , the road for three miles , the whole distance , is one unbroken level , with the Bandon river running on one side , and an impending wood of oaks upon tho other . At nine precisely we reached Bandon , and stopped to breakfast
at the Devonshire Arms , where , as I purposed remaining for the day to attend the Court of Quarter Sessions , I took , up . my abode . After breakfast , 1 asked the waiter if there were Buch a thing as a newspaper to be had , when , to my great delight , he introduced me to a smart and spacious reading-room , furnished with all the London , _gSblin , and provincial papers ; and , as natural in my present character , the first information that I looked for was the English version of the Irish famine , and when I found the Times disengaged , I took : it up , and , to my surprize and mortification , I . found its columns
_replets with the most _ridiculouseditorial comments as well as approval ofthe eonduct ofthe government being regulated by the strict rules of political economy with _regard to the price of provisions , and further , that in compliance with its harsh and mysterious principles , that the price of provisions had been raised by government in deference to the law by which speculation is regulated . The Morning Chronicle having a character for more liberality , Ihopedtoreap some consolation from that source , but was still more mortified to find it advocating Malthusian principles , which , if realized , would
endanger the live 6 of many , and jeopardize the peace ofthe country in deference to tho laws of political economy . I had now in tiiree days seen and heard enough of Ireland , and the evil genius by which her destinies are swayed , to induce me to write a faithful history of that unhappy but gifted country and people . 1 had seen enough of Irish middlemen , barristers , and solicitors , and of the feeling of _English officers and the English , press to convince me that those powerful agencies , respectively and collectively , had been misused and [ misdirected , ami out of their abuse had arisen the national character , which all would deduce from the evil _propensities and barbarous habits of tlie people . I saw that this character was made for then by circumstances over
which they had no controul , and as many writers have favoured us with the history of monarchs _, warriors , statesmen , and divines , I resolved upon writing a history of the cottage , uninfluenced by tear , favour , or nffection , so the reader may expect , at least , a , faithful if not a fascinating history of Ireland and the Irish , from an unadorned narrative ot events as they strike me , allowing all to draw their own conclusions from the facts I shall state ; facts which will illustrate and account for the Irish character ; facts unnoticed by historians , while they constitute the very essence of nationality , but unforlunately , _now-a-days , the monarch is the nation ; the ministers are his panders , parliaments are his bankers , and the people are his paymasters and slaves . I was informed that sessions business would
not commence till 12 , and precisely at that hour entered the Court house to witness the administration of that sacred thing called justice . ( To be continued weekly . J
* % The Snuiiisg Vr Op Highland Passes..—We Nva Kiuii Tn Fun Ill.Ir Thu Illoiml Ntimnnr. Lit' Tho I);Il.-I.
* _% The _SnuiiisG vr op Highland Passes .. —We nva _kIuiI tn fun ill . ir thu illoiml ntimnnr . lit' tho I ); il .-i .
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» . »* - O" *** _** _" * - * ' . " _»* " - " _~ .. _w . . . » _-.. _» _.,.- w . —w - _~ u . w of Leeds to shut up the pass to Glou Lui lieg , amid the Cairugorm mountains , has excited so much attention"throughout England __ and Scotland . There has been a growing disposition for some years , on the part of the ? reat Highland proprietors , and the English _iporiMii " _--- to whom they lettheirshootings _. to exMmi i' 1 _>¦ ¦ _.. _e-. _Miiu fVomthemountain paths , to which : _.. e ; : _i-. n _,. ie nave as clear a right as any landlord has Liu I .- , estate . Fortunately , this last attempt ofthe Unite of Leeds , and the odd defence made for it by the duke aud his eccentric friend , Mr . Grantley Berkeley , have put matters in such a train as win bring the question to a speedy issue . The Duke oi Athol , imitating his southern compeer , has , it seems ,
determined to close Glen Tilt , which he lias no more tight to do than any Mr . Smith or Mr . Jones of London has to take possession of the best bedroom or drawing-room of Dunkeld house . These great Minirods have yet to learn the great fact , that iu the eyes of the law their fondly cherished deer are not " game , " but " vermin , " —a fact which was very clearly proved , not many months ago , to the great discomfiture of a Ross-shire laird , whose deer were very summarily despatched by a'lowland farmer , now settled , in Kuss-shire , in whose turnip fields they had made depredations more extensive than welcome , They have yet to learn an equally indisputable fact , that no landlord has any right of exclusion over the wilderness . Waste land , if not free for the plough and the spade , is free for tlie foot ; at
least , there are very good lawyers who maintain so , aud any doubts that may exist upon the question will soon be set at rest . The right of way is in England a right most dear to the people—a right which the common law has ever enforced . One John Lewis , a brewer , of Richmond , tried this right against the influence of the whole Royal Family of England , and beat it truimphantly . The friucess Amelia , daughter of George III ., was ranger of the Royal Park at Richmond , and thought fit to shut up afojtway that had been used by tlie inhabitants from time immemorial . Her father and all his court supported her . The brewer , backed by the people of itichmond , resisted the _opression ; and after a long suit , vexatiously defended , won tbe cause . Tne Scottish law is not less clear and decisive . If there is not pablic spirit enough in the few Highlanders yet left amid the magnificent glens aud mountains of Perth and Aberdeenshire to resist ttiese autocratic
dear preservers , there is sufficient amongst the tourists of England and other parts of the world to try the point . It will not be difficult to found an association for the preservation of the rights of way , and to depute _half-a-dozcn sturdy pedestrians next season to force the passes , if need be . Wc fancy the dukes and their gamekeepers will be rather shy of laying forcible hands upon any pedestrian sent upon such a mission ; and we would advise the instant formation of a society lor this very purpose . It will be well supported , and funds will not be wanted for a cause so noble . We invite the ce-operation of sightseers , of the admirers of the grand and the beautiful in nature , as well as of the friends of popular rights , in this cause- Such a society would soon bring the dukes to reason , and show thorn that what Royalty could not do for a few acres of ground in Surrey , aristc _jraey shall not do for whole counties in Scotland , —Glasgow _Ai-gus .
_AmsAL Case . —Master and Servant . —At the conclusion of the Perth Circuit Courr _, en _Thursday , their Lordships met to hear appeals . The only one of public interest involved a question as to the duties oflarra servants . The tenant of a farm adjourning the Loch ofthe Lowes , betwixt Dunkeld and Malree , had been wont to cut the grass growing on the banks of , and lo some distance in the ioch . For this purpose the persons employed have to wade into the water up to their middle , and remain in that state for some hours daily , untill the whole is finished . The servant , hired at a previous term , according to the practice ofthe place , fell to perform this duty ; which he did one day , but having been informed that a person Bimmilarly employed at the place some years before ha : l been drowned , he refused to
recommence next day , and was thereupon dismissed . The man brought an actiun against the muster , _befure the Sheriff Court , and the Sheyitt-substitute , confirmed , on appeal by the Shcrriil' -Deputy , found in favour of the servant , on the ground , principally , that the work in question was out of the ordinary routine of farm work , and had not been specially _btipulutcd for upon engagement ; as al .-O lllP-tltwuS dangerous to the health , if not also to the life , and thai proper means should have been applied to perform the service with less hazard in both respect * -. The judges ( M .. _nci-eiff and Cock bum ) entered at considerable length into the question , ami tho former appended a long note explanatory of the grounds upon which he sustained the decision in favour ot the servant .
At the MANciiESTim Quarter Sessions on Monday , the recorder _expressed his regret to find a verygreat increace in the average number of prisoners for trial .
».»*- O"*** **" A *-*' ."»*" -"~ ..W&.. ...
RECEIPTS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPEUATIVE LAND SOCIETY , PER MR . O'CONNOR . SECTION No . 1 . SHARES . £ g . d . Birmingham , per W , Thorn „ „ „ 0 18 C Cheltenham , per W , Leach „ „ „ 1 _m 3 Sunderland , per H . Haines .. .. .. 0 10 0 Leicester , per Z . Astill .. .. „ .. 2 0 . (* Georgia Mills , per W . Median .. .. 2 0 0 Kidderminster , per G . Holloway .. .. 5 0 ft Oldham , por W . Hamer .. .. „ 117 6 Alva , per J . Robertson .. „ .. 1 3 t » _Asuton-uiidei-. Lyne , per E . Hobson .. .. 0 11 6 Manchester , per J . . Murray .. .. .. la lc 0 Liverpool , per J . Arnold 0 4 ' . I
£ 28 18 3 SECTION No . 2 . _¦*— = " SHABES . Maidstone , per W . _Cogger .. ,. „ 0 11 8 Clackmannan , per G . 1 _' attcrson .. „ 1 4 7 Stockport , per T . Potter 115 8 Birmingham , per W . Thorn .. .. „ 1 15 0 Cheltenham , per W . Leach „ „ „ 217 . 0 Sunderland , per H . Haines ., „ .. ' 406 Korwich , per A . Bagshaw ., ; . - .. 19 9 Paisley , per J . Lithgow .. .. .. 200 l > undee , per a . Kidd .. 2 18 0 _retersborough , per E . A . Scolejr _.. 2 4 G Alva , per Robertson . 422 _Ashton-undcr-Lyne , per E . Hobson .. .. 14 0 Manchester , per J . Murray „ .. .. 8 15 0 J _Droylsden , per So ... ., .. .. 113 Liverpool , per J . Arnold .. „ „ 4 15 3
£ il 1 8 _J PER GENERAL SECRETARY . SEeTION No . 1 . SHAKES . £ _s . d . £ a . d . Carrington - - 016 3 Boulogne - - 3 17 0 Sowerby Helm - 5 0 0 Westminster - - 0 7 0 Mr . J . Smith - - 0 1 0 Persbore - - 2 5 10 LnneEnd - -066 _Brorosgrove - -100 Glasgow - - 0 11 G Leamington - - 0 . 10 0 Sudbury- - - 2 0 0 Newton Abbott - 8 9 2 Camberwell - - 0 14 0 Leeds - - - 4 0 0 Itnchael Itowall . 016 £ 24 19 9 SECTION No . 2 . Lambeth . . 16 0 Thos . Lee - . 010 0 Glasgow . - 4 8 6 Edinburgh . -19 0 Teignmouth - - 2 17 4 Westminster- - 0 13 2 Silverthowe - - 0 2 C Kenilworth , _Wan-Carrington - - 1 2 4 derton - - 2 12 4 Mr . Harney - - 0 i 0 J . Mann - -10 0 Mr . Goddard- - Oil ) 0 Fershore - . 018 It . Harris and Son- 010 0 Perth - - - 1 0 ( J J . Pntterton - - 0 10 0 Sidney Row - -0 5 6 Mold - - - 0 9 C Leamington - - 2 3 G Lane End . - 0 0 0 Newton Abbott . 4 1 » 10 Cai !< l'snvell - - 8 10 0 Somers Town -200 P . VorU- - - 0 2 G T . R . Kodborii -080 _iYuttimjuam - . 020 Finsbury - - 1 13 S Aberdeen - - 0 13 4 Sleaford- - -050 6 . Jackson , Calais- 5 4 G Brass Founders ' _Houlonse - . 10 0 Arms .. . . 3 10 2 Thos . Baughan - » 10 4 M 2 _ 8 4 TOTAL LAND FUND . Mr . O'Connor , Section No . 1 ... 28 18 3 Mr . Wheeler ¦ . „ „ ... 24 19 9 £ 53 18 0 Mr . O'Connor , Section No . 2 ... 41 1 8 J Mr . Wheeler , „ „ ... 42 8 4 = £ 83 10 0 *
/$K -^ Jatsfcy)^
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And National Teades' J0umal.
AND NATIONAL TEADES' J 0 UMAL .
Tol. Ix. No. 470. London, Saturday, 0cto...
TOL _. IX . NO . 470 . LONDON , SATURDAY , 0 CTOBEB 24-I 84 _ST ~ m _^ _™^ ¦¦ ¦ " " _* ¦ Fire _ShiHJHga ami Sixpence per Quarter .
Execotive. Per Mr. O'Connor. A, Watson, ...
EXECOTIVE . PER MR . O ' CONNOR . A , Watson , Walsingham ., .. ,. 010 RECEIPTS OF NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . FED _OEHEHAT , _SECRETARY . - "• : •• _•¦ ' hi - - 0 5 0 J . Allerr _. J . White , !' ¦ : i . itton - - 0 3 0 Robert Lawson , ilerttiyr , per Mor- J . Hole , _Learngau - - - 0 2 0 iiigton- - -040 veterans ' , widows ' , and orphan ' s funds . Brighton . . 05 0 Edinburgh - - 0 i 1 ERRATA . The sum _acknowledged from Limehouse last week should have been , second section , £ 213 s . 2 d ., first section , Gs . Gd . ; the os . acknowledged I ' rom Littleton for National Charter _Association should have been for Victim Fund ; the Slim Of 15 s . 0 d . ncknowledi-i _.- < l Oct . 10 th in the name of Firth should have been Pert ) -, . X . U . From several _important places I have not yet received returns of the number of their members , they must be immediately sent . T . if , _Wheele _!! , Secretary .
Jtjitlkomtng: Jimmijsu
_jtJitlKomtng : _jimmijSu
Chartist Co-Operative Land Society. Shar...
CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . SHARES , £ 2 10 s . The first section of tbe above flourishing Institution , consisting of 0 , 000 members , is now complete ; the members in it hold , among them , nearly ten thousand shares , upon which they have paid
£ 13 , 000 . The second section advances rapidly towards completion , it nusibei's at present four thousand members , who have subscribed upon their shares £ 2 , 000 . Thus , although the society has been but fifteen months in existence , it lias enrolled ten thousand members , and created a capital of £ 15 , 000 . The following arc tho benefits which the society guarantees to its members ; holders of one share , a house , two acres of land , and £ 15 ; holders of a share and a-half , a house , three acres , and £ 22 10 s . ; holders of two shares , a house , four acres , aud £ 30 . Leases for ever will be granted to the occupants . The society affords facilities for enabling members to purchase their allotments , and thus become freeholders . The rent of the allotments will be moderate , as it will be regulated by a charge of 5 $ cent upon the capital expended upon each .
The society having been called into existence for the benefit of the working clssses . UiO rules enable the poorest to avail themselves of iw advantages , as the shares may be paid by weekly instalments as lowas threepence . Meetings for enrolling members are held a 9 follows : —
SUNJHT EVENING . South London Chartist Hall , 115 , Blackfriars-road : at halt-past six o'clock . —City Chartist Hall , 1 , Turnagain-lane : at six—Somers Town : at Mr . Duddregc _' s Bricklayers' Arms , Tonbridge-street , New-road , at half-past seven . — Tower Hamlets : at the Whittington and Cat , Church-row , Bcthtml-grecn , at six o ' clock precisely . —Emmelt ' s Brigade : at the llock Tavern , Lisson-grove . ateighto _' clock precisely . —Marylebone at the Coach Painters' Arms , Circus-street , at b « lfpast seven . Gray ' s Inn Road , Mason ' s Arms , 13 ritannia-street . —Hammersmith : at No . 2 , Little
Valeplace , at ten in the forenoon . _—Neivcastle-upon-Tync _.-at the house of Martin Jude , Sun Inn , Side , from seven till nine . —Leicester : at 87 , Church-gate , at six . — Bradford : Woolcombers' Arms Inn , Ilopestreet , at five . 'Westminster , at the Assembly Rooms , S 3 , Dean Street , Soho , at half-past seven . —Red Cross Street , City , at Cartwright ' s Coffee House , at eight o ' clock . — Belfast , Ireland , at Mr . Walker ' s , 7 ( Bradley Court , Shankle lload , at ten o'clock in the forenoon . Winchester ,, at Mr . Sturgcss ' , Hair Dresser , Upper Brook Street , at seven o ' clock . _IFoZverhampton : at the house of Mr . Allen , llussellstreet , near _Merridalo Street , lit seven .
MONDAY EVENIXO . Rochester : the Victory Inn , Strood , at halt-past t . —Camberwell : at the Montpeliei-T _.-ivorn , Walworth at eight o ' clock precisely . — Kensington ; at eight o'clock , at the Duke of Sussex . — Limehouse : at the Brunswick Hall , llopemakcr ' s Fields , at 7 o clock . Leicester : at No . 17 , Arehdedcn-laiie , at seven o'clock . — _Chejystow : at the Temperance Hotel Bank Avenue , at eight o ' clock . —Armley : at the house of Mr . William Gates , boot and shoemaker , Armley Town-gate , at eight o'clock . —Liverpool : at
ei' -ht o ' clock , at Mr . Farrell ' s temperance Hotel , 4 , Gazucau-street . — Helper : at the house of George Wi « ley , the Dusty Miller , Field-head , from seven tili ° niiie . —Bristol : at Nichols ' s Collec House , Rose mary Street , at eight . —Darlington : at John Moss ' s , No . " 24 , Union-street , at half- _'nvst seven . —Chorley Wood Common .- at Mr . _Biivbor ' s at seven o ' clock . — Ricbnansworih : at the Cart and Howes , at seven o ' clock . —Mile End : at the Golden Cross , at seven o ' clock . Wolverhampton , at Mr . Allen ' s , Russell Street , near Merridale Street , at seven o'clock .
TUKSDAT EVBKIKO . Greenwich : at Mr . Paris ' s , Cold Bath , at eight o'clock . _—UtehM : Cheshire Cheese , Grosvrnor-row . at eight o ' clock . Whitechapcl : Brass Founders ' Arm ;* , Tuesday evenimr at ci » hto ' clock , llanley and Shclton : at Mr . Yates ' s , Miles ' s ; Bankf Shclton , at seven . North London District , at the Finsbury _Library and Mechanic ' s Institution , Frederick Place , Gosweil Road , at seven .
_WEDNESDAY EVENING . Aberdeen : the _olrice-bcarers meet at halt-past seven , at No . 1 , Flour Mill-lane JIM . — Brighton
Chartist Co-Operative Land Society. Shar...
No . 2 , at No . 3 , Charles-street , at eight o ' clock . Old Kent Road , Surrey , at the Eagle Brewery , Neat _street , Coburg Road , at eight t ' cloek . Oi j . , IHURBDAY EVENING . ' _Morediteh : at the Railway Engine Coffee House , ¦
_„ , ' - " ; - • SATURDAY EVENING . Ebbfat _iven . * Gadf ' ey _' s . SP _^^ _-cll Street , St . ft ? _offi . _? n " _- « w .-The weekly meeting of in _futnrp n ? _£ . ° P erative Land Society will be held _thpS ? _S , _' _- _, eveB » E » . a * seven o ' clock , at quested to pay their levies for directors and local _exauasssr""' - > _**• _¦**¦—« . _BiUDFOttD . - On Sunday , the members of the Chartist _^ Co-operative Land Society and Chartist Association will meet in their rooms , at _Butterwortbbiiiidings , at two o ' clock in the afternoon . North BniKRXY . —A public meeting will be held in the large room of the Faint Revived Inn , North Brierly , near Horton Bank Top , on Sunday , ( to-morrow , ) at five o ' clock in the evening . Mr . Thomas Mann , the proprietor , has kindly offered the use of tho lodge room , on Sunday evenings , to the Chartist and Land _Associatiens . The Northern Star ,
O'Connor s Work on Small Farms , will be read every Sunday evening . Mr . Smith and others will attend the meeting . Lectures on various subjects will be delivered during the winter . _Caurihoton Cooperative Land Societt . —The members of the above branch are requested to attend , at the New Inn , on Saturday next , Ocf ober 24 th , at eight o ' clock , on business of the utmost importance . V ) o meet every Saturday night , at eight o clock , for tho purpose of enrolling members . BRADFqnn . —The members of the National Charter Association are requested to meet , in the _Jarge room of the _VFoolcombers' Arms , IJope-street , on Sunday next , at fire o ' clock , on business of great importance . The members of the Land Society will meet in the same place , at the same time , aa above .
Bristol . —Messrs . M'Grath' and Clark will leerare m the Mechanics and Scientific Institute Broadmead , on Tuesday , the 27 th instant , on - _"fne Land . " Chair to be taken at eight o ' clock . A public meeting will be held on Wednesday , the 28 th inst ., for the purpose of adopting tbe National Petition ; Messrs . M'Grath and Clarke will attend Robert Norris , Esq .. has consented to take the Chair . Macclesfield . — The Chartists of this locality have taken Mr . O'Connor ' s advice by opening thoir room in Stanley-street , as a news room . The Northern Star , Douglas Jerro ' . d ' s neuspeper . Manchester
Examiner , and all the d < _-moci-atio periodicals of the day are taken for the use of the members . _MuI-upI instruction classes meet every Wednesday , Thursday and Friday evening . It is in contemplation to _establish a debating class . Mr . West has promised lo superintend it . There is also a well selected library belonging to the Association . Mr . W . Benton was appointed librarian last Sunday evening , with instruction to prepare the books for circulation as speedily as possible . The Chartist Council meet every Sunday evening to enrol members , at eight o ' clock . The committee of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society meet every Monday evening , at the same time and place , to enrol _membsrs , and receive subscriptions .
Glasgow . —Forthcoming Conference . —A public meeting of the inhabitants of Glasgow , will be held in Murdoch ' s school-room , No . 27 , St . Andrew ' ssquare , for she purpose of nominating delegates to represent them at the forthcoming Land Conference . Members are particularly invited to attend . [ Our correspondent does not say ivhen the meeting will be held . ] Tub Chartists of Gorbals arc requested to meet at the Wheatsheaf , Great Clyde-Terrace , on Tuesday night , at 8 o ' clock . Reading . —Meetings are held every Wednesday evening , at 8 o'clock , at Mr . Turner's , Temperance House , No . 8 , West-street , when a discussion in connexion with the land takes place , to which the public are respectfully invited .
MANCiiESTER .--The adjourned meeting' of _Shareholders of the People ' s Institute , will bo held on . Sunday , ( to-morrow , ) the 25 th inst , at two o ' clock in the afternoon . Liverpool . —A mutual instruction class has been formed here . Mr . Wm . Jones mill lecture on Sunday evening , October 23 , at Mr . Farrall ' s , Temperance Hetel , No . 4 , Carzenau Street . Chair to bJ taken at seven o'clock . Halifax . —Mr . B . Rushton ¦ will lecture in the Working Man ' s Hall , on Sunday ( to-morrow ) evening , at half-past six o'clock . West Riding Delegate Mekting . — A Special . West Riding Delegate Meeting will be holden , on Sunday , November 1 st , in the Working Man ' s Hall , Bull Close Lane , Halifax , on business of importance , when each locality are _requcs-tcd to send one delegate , to commence at one o ' clock precisely .
Hull . —The members of the Chartist Association are requested to attend , at the Ship Inn , Churchlane , to consider the means to be employed in getting up a meeting for the adopfion of the National Petition , precisely at tv . o o ' clock in the afternoon of Sunday , the 25 th instant . Tbe members of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society hold their weekly meeting , every Tuesday evening , at eight o ' clock , at the above place . _Bihmixguam . —A _jreneral mectinir of the members of the Co-operative Land Society will be held at the ofl i ' _.-e , 111 , Rea-street , on the 26 th inst ., at eight o ' clock in the evening , to appoint a committee to make preparation for the forthcoming meeting of the Land Conference .
Manningmam . — The Chartists of tins hamlefc held a meeting on Sunday evening , when several new members enrolled their names , and arranged to hold meetings every Sunday morning at ten o'clock , at the house of Mr . Paton . A Meeting of the Chartists of _Mann-ngham will be held at the house of Mr . ldson , at ten o'clock on Sunday morning . Tower Hamlets . —Mr . Thomas Mills will , give an address at the Whittington and Cat , Church-row , Bethnal-green . on Sunday evening next , at eight o ' clock precisely . Subject " Moral Rectitude , and Self-education . " Mr . Mills will also open the discussion on _"Tlio Venal aud Corrupt portion of ithe Press . " Mr . Ernest Jones will lecture at the above house , on Sunday evening , November the 1 st , 1 S-1 G . _CamderwelMans Walworth . —Mr . John Sewell will _delivi-i' ¦ ' . _p-iblic lecture at the Montpelier Tavern , Walworth—subject : The advantages of _Registration , " on Monday evening next , October 26 th , at 8 o ' clock precisely .
South London Chartist Hall , Wfbber Street , _Blackfciars _UoiD . —The Registration Committee for this district will meet on Monday next , October 2 G , at S o ' clock . Every Wednesday evening the Debating Club , meet to discuss subjects calculated to improve the political and moral state of the people ; the subject on for discussion now is— " What are tht best means to be adapted to ameliorate the condition of the people V Mr . Ernest _Joxsswill lecture at the Whittington and Cat , on Sunday , the 1 st of November . Subject : "Superstition considered as an agent of despotism . " Greenwich and Dei'tfobd . —Mr . Wheeler will lecture on Wednesday evening at the Lord Duncan , Broadway , Deptford . Subject : Standing Armies and their _cife-jt upon soeiety . Chair to be _takuu at eight o ' clock .
Dr . P . M . _M'Dotjau . -will lecture at the Brass Pounder ' s Arms , Whitechapel Road , on Sunday evening , October 25 th ; to commence at half past 7 o ' clock . Subject ; : The Land . Shoreditch . —The above branch of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , meet in future at tho Railway Engine Cbflee-house , 122 , Brick Lane , every Tuesday evening , from 8 till 10 o'clock . South _London Chartist Hall , 115 , _Blackfkiars Roald . —Mr . N . _Pcarse , late of the oath Regiment , will lecture on "the Horror of War , " on Monday next , October 26 th , and the following Friday , October 30 th ; each lecture to commence at eight o ' clock precisely . Central Registratiox and Election Committee . —Country localities wanting addresses are requested to write to the Secretary , Miv J . Grassby , S , Noah ' a Ark Court , Stangate . Lambeth , stating by what conveyance ther desire tbem to bo forwarded by .
Martlkdone _Wobkisg Man ' s . Hall . —A shareholders meeting will take place on Sunday evening uoxt . October 25 th , ISJfi _, at tliu Coach Painter ' s Anns , Circus Street , New lload , at 7 o ' clock , when business of the greatest importance to the shareholders will be brought forward ; likewise to the cause of Chartism , as we aro determined before long to have a - spendid place to meet in away from public houses , when . -Marylebone will bo itself again and no mistake . _Ciiahtism Discussed Amongst tue Middle Classes . *—On Thiireday evening next , October 2 dlh , at nine o ' clock precisely , the following question wi'l be discussed , at the Globe Tavern , Great _Tichfieldstrcefc , corner of _Marylcbane-strcet , Marylebone : — " Ought the people to possess tho six points contained in the People ' s Charier ? " Mr . Edmund Stallwood has undertaken to open the adjourned _ileliiite .
Chartist Assembly and Reading Rooms , S 3 , Disas-muekt , Soho . —Mr . Ernest Joucs will deliver a public lecture , subject — " Poetry considered aa an instrument in the attainment of Liberty , " on Sundav evening ne . vt . October 25 th , at half-past seven o'clock precisely . On Monday evening , at eight o ' clock _nvccUclv . the proprietory _CommtttflB of the Assembly and Reading Rooms , will meet tor the dispatch of business . On Tuesc . ay evening at half-past seven o ' clock _precisely , * he C « it _*« l B * fi _Stratioi , and Election Committee , w . U meoMo _dislviteh of business . The same evening , at _liall-pasc St o ' _clock the Metropolitan uommittee mil meet for the dispatch ot business . q , mm . c Toirx-Mr . John Sewell will lecture oa Suml ' _tv Veiling next at the Bricklayers'Arms , Toiibridgc-btrcet _, Ncw-: oad , at eight o'clock precisely .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 24, 1846, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_24101846/page/1/
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