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THE CONFE-done? He had been a Socialist ...
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S)J0UB5BD MEETING OP THE CONFE-^ScE OF D...
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES. T...
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GRAND DEMONSTRATION IN THE THEATRE ROYAL...
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A SCENE AT SESSIONS. At the Cambridgeshi...
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Tbite, but TfiUK.-* The excesses of our ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Confe-Done? He Had Been A Socialist ...
1 I ~ " ~ _^^ _^ _~ _"""—"" _= _" - —• - " ' _,, .......... :. ; . °
S)J0ub5bd Meeting Op The Confe-^Sce Of D...
_S ) J 0 UB 5 BD MEETING OP THE _CONFE-^ _ScE OF DELEGATES FOB EFFECTING - _^ UMON AMONG DIFFERENT CLASSES <)? REFORMERS , JOHN STREET , TOT-! _TENHAM COURT ROAD . 7 _^ n _-m _. m _* n MBRTTOfl Ol ? THE
CONFEOn Sunday afternoon , _^ _IfS _^& iS _!^ S _^ _Jrsjsf _^ A _^^ . z _^ _Sut _^ _catt _^ ve _persons-^^ _Sff _^ e _^ _enread and confirmed and _theteSra commencod upon _thesecond clause , _""laded , " Measures to bedemanded of the governm . * Siaixwood stated that , in his opinion , these
clauses were already disposed of by the wording of the first clause . By that clause they had declared thatthe Charter was to be the only measure _dejnanded of government as a mean 3 to . effect the other reforms needed . _^ _,... ,., A discussion took place upon the subject , in which _M essrs . _Fettie , _Habskt , Ii _Bunm , aud _Wheeisb , took part , which was ended by Mr . Lb Bu _> m > _proposing the adoption ofthe second clause— " Free access of Labour to Land , making Home Colonisa _tion possible . " Mr . _Pairo seconded the motion .
Mr . Stallwood moved the following amendment : _« _* - " Tbat this Conference is of opinion that the People ' s Charter is the only measure that shonld be demanded ofthe government . " He was in . fatour of an agitation for Social Reform , but thought they should first garni possession of power . When ihey had attained that , they could achieve" what Social reforms they deemed necessary . If his motion was carried , he should follow it up by proposing the following measures ( which he had withdrawn as a motion last week ) , to be agitated for by the Union : —A measure guaranteeing freedom of speech , freedom of opinion , and a free press ; a graduated property tax , in lieu of all other tares ; a well _regujauubuimw
lated poor law ; a measure rencermg _, , fisheries * , railways , canals , docks , gas , waterworks , Ac , national property ; the establishing a just system of public credit , and a wise paper currency , representing the wealth produced , together with a ready mode of exchanging such wealth so produced ; and a system of national secular education , thus clearing the way , and rendering safe , certain , and sure that acme of economy—Communism . Mr . Leslie seconded the amendment . ___ _^ Mr . Peiths was of op inion that the Executive of £ he Chartist hody exhibited a more fraternal feeling than the delegates present . The speaker then found fault with the past conduct ofthe Chartist body , and stated that the Social Reformers had been the most powerful and intellectual advocates ofthe Charter , and their actions alone had never belied their words . The very fact of the Chartists asking
aid was a proof that they acknowledged their superior discernment . Mr . H & B 5 ET deprecated the warmth of the last Bpeaker , and trusted it wonld not be indulged in by tbose who followed Mm , Mr . Fcsseel . —They should all agree on certain principles , which would give satis f action to the country at large .. In all their past agitation , in all their Conferences , they Lad given the motives and seasons why they demanded the Charter ; they asked the Socialists to join them because they _, would be equally benefited by the attainment of political power , and every accession of numbers -was a step towards achieving their object . He _thonghtthe resolution ofthe previous meeting had been understood ; the whole of the following clauses iiad better be embodied in one ; it wonld save them : much time in their discussion .
Ifc . Blub wished to know whether they were to lie confined to the discussion ofthe Social rights contained in the programme ; he thought they Should go into the whole Social question . Mr . Brisck was sorry that Mr . Stallwood had moved the amendment . Se waa perfectly aware that political power was the only means by which they conld obtain other reforms , bnt the amendment confined them to agitation for only one / Object . Mr . "Whkklek wished an explanation of the term " demanded of Government . " Did it simply mean _petitioning Parliament ? He thought every process of their agitation was a demand npon the Government .
Mr . _Habkzt explained that the Committee intended it to apply to formal demands by petition , memorial , or otherwise to the Legislature . Mr . Sruxwoon also gave a similar explanation . Mr . _"Wilsos was of opinion they would cripple their exertions , and debar themselves from promoting many social reforms , if they confined their Parliamentary demands to the Charter . . Mr . Lb Blokd . —According to tbeir name they were as much an nnion for social as for political
reform ; he was willing to give a prominence to the Charter , because unless they obtained power , any Social reforms tbey might obtain could speedily be crashed by the government . __ He thought that , by a vigorous agitation , they might speedily obtain a good Education Bill , and a Law of Partnership ; if the Chartists stood by the amendment , they would ¦ " Cot act with honesty towards those whom they had "Invited to join them , and -would shut the door to all other classes who might wish to co-operate with ¦ them . __ _
"Mr . Gekaxd Hasszy . —The Chartist agitation had hitherto proved a failure ; it bad never been at so low an ebb as at the present time ; even the Chartists "themselves had acknowledged that the bulk of their fcody were not Chartists in time of plenty , bnt sat as easy and contented as even the middle classes . Seeing this apathy among tbeir own body , their leaders -wished to extend their basis , and asked other bodies to join them ; but they could not expect that co-operation , unless they admitted the claims of those parties which the committee had Inserted jn the programme ; he believed that no party could singly obtain their objects , ahd that no programme could satisfy the chums of every party ; but they
could agree on some leading principles . He be * longed to the Tailors' Association . They were aware that they could not successfully struggle with competition without some great governmental « hange ; if they adopted the amendment they would lose much valuable aid . Walter Cooper was going on a tour to spread the doctrines of Christian Socialism ; if tbey did not agree to adopt the Law of Partnership , or some of their principles , they would lose his aid and co-operation ; they would sdso lose the aid of the young Republican party which had sprung np since 1818 , which would be an incalculable loss , and of more importance to them than the remnant of the school of Major
Cartwright , who were harassed by repeated failures and _dimensions among themselves . Mr . Delavoece thought that either Mr . Stallwood ' s motion or the Conference was out of place ; if they were only to have a repetition of the past , the union would be useless ; they must have no more Chartists upsetting meetings , called by the Trades for home colonisation or trade purposes ; such _conjunct prevented numbers from joining them . Mr . _O'Beier moved the following amendment : — - * ' That universal suffrage and its adjuncts be the Only basis of our organisation and the only specific demand to be made on the government ; but that in advocating universal _suffrage , the social rights of
the people , and the social reforms to be based upon them , be constantly kept before the public as the "best means , both to interest the millions in the agitation , and to ensure a wise exercise of the franchise after universal suffrage had been obtained . *" Hehad consulted his own body , and many of his Chartist friends , who did not belong to any organised body , and it was their opinion that they would soon sink into a mere club or coterie , if they Went as a primary object for anything in addition to the " Repr esentation of the People . The agitation forthe Charter had hitherto failed , because they had given the people sham and fraudulent reasons for its attainment , instead of giving them the
truth . They had put the Charter forward as a means to pare down taxation , to get rid of tithes , or effect some alteration in church rates , instead of shewing that it would bring ihem their social rights ; this was the reason why they were always trying to revive Chartism , which was an acknowledgment ofits death : instead of pnttiDg anewheartiatoib--insteadof giving it life , tbey merely galvanised it , gave it a false and not a real existence . Under the present social system , no laws could be made to benefit the whole body : they werea mere change benefiting a class , bnt of no "benefit to tte miliums , nor ever could be , until tbey prevented one elass from preying npon anoequauyto all
_«« - _^"""""" _S _^ classes . The pnblMi had been grossly deceived by the doctrine , thatthere _^ wasnohoMfor _themjbttt inestablisbinil _wmmumties , and _alohshmg all priTate _^ _petty . 3 he propagation of that doctrine had beeVthe inin of eveiy revolution on the continent , from 1793 down to the present tune . It was an excuse to government to oppose them ; it set all the propertied classes _aganst them ; all who did not wishto give up their own homes and live in barracks or _eommuniiaes , like the members of the " _Haimr _Eamdy , they saw shown abont the streets ; nothing could be kss founded , in fact , than this doctrine of community . Competition was an effect , not a _cauje ; and co-operation , as a remedy , was nower .
Sesa , until mea had their social rights . If seven-* _wn tailors co-operated together , _& ey expected to divide amongst themselves the master ' s profit this was very well , but they must first ensure ' the master's customer * . The upper classes well knew , that the only source from whence their wealth was derived , and all the taxation of the country paid was tte power of the producer to produce more ¦ _^ heoonsumed . Mr . _p 'Brien concluded * long * _zs _& r ***** * " dB' «* _*** _afcSi _^ S ? - _^ on-led the amendment . He was _S' _^ _St « " _« _rsityof opinion expressed , that _StT _SLS _? l _^ _" _-g _* _"" - effected ; the Sotfceted . i _» asked what they , _taenwivei _. K
S)J0ub5bd Meeting Op The Confe-^Sce Of D...
done ? He had been a Socialist since Owen broached the doctrine , in 1817 , and had been connected with co-operative and labour exchange societies for twenty years , but was convinced that they could effect nothing without political power . Of what advantage would it be to the movement to insert " a law of partnership ' as one of their demands ? Of what interest was it to the mass of the people ? Tnat it would benefit some few , he did not deny ; it was a mere sectional trade affair , interesting to the tailors and other associated bodies , but not the public . H © was a member of . the Reform League , and attached great importance to the currency question , still , he did not demand . its _insertion as one of tbe demands on the government . Mr . T . Hunt said the question at-issue was , would the Chartists continue their old , or adopt a new system of agitation ? The plan laid down by Mr . O'Brien was identical with that of Mr . Stalldone ? Hehad been a Socialist since Owen Krn > u > hml
wood ' s—it was the old Chartist agitation , with some new lecturing process ; he thought tbe proposers of it immensely underrated the importance of the migsion of that Conference . Messrs . Massey and _"ffiiira reiterated their views . Mr . _HjlRsby could not exactly coincide with either Mr . Stallwood ' s or Mr O'Brien ' s amendment . He thought they should conciliate their Socialist and other brethren . It was stated in a letter , purporting to emanate from the Charter League , that the Conference wished to dictate to the country . He was surprised that any , man , reading the account of theu * _proceeedings , should come to such a conclusion . If the majority of . the members of the National Charter Association , or of the Social ,
Fraternal , or other bodies represented , should disapprove of the terms of the . Union , the Union would at once be brought to an end . They did not wish to force their views upon the country , neither had they any intention of electing an Executive or other officers ; those matters would be left entirely to the decision of their respective bodies . Mr . Harney then explained the manner in which the programme had been got np by the committee . He thought they should not tie the bands of the Union to the Charter as their only demand npon the government ; if tbey exerted their power , he had no "doubt they could carry Fox ' s Education Bill , or even a better bill through the House of Commons ; they had precedents for
such a course , for the Chartists had petitioned for the Repeal of the Union , the Repeal of the Rate-Paying Clause , for the Reform Bill , and similar measures . He concluded , by moving the following amendment— " That the following words be struck out of the Charter Clause , as the most efficient means of obtaining the following necessary reforms , and that the following stand m place of the ensuing clauses—That while organising the people for the obtainment ofthe Charter / the Union will take advantage of all favourable circumstances to social reforms , particulaaly those calculated to ensure National Education , the Abolition of Restrictions on Freedom of Speech and Publication , a system of Equitable Taxation , the Nationalisation
of Property in Land , and such laws as will best enable the industrious classes to associate for the protection of their labour . Mr . T . Hum seconded the amendment . Mr . _CBbibs having again expressed his views _* Mr . Harney stated , that if he thought there was a probability of the Charter being speedily ob . tained , he would on his kneee implore the Socialists to forego their own views , and go with the Chartists for the obtainment of political power ; but it was now the same as it had been after 1839 and 1842 . _Firsts they had a period of excitement , then apathy , and then a period when the people turned their attention to little measures of Social Reform—sucb as establishing co-operative stores , dec . ; and whatever
the Conference decided , this feeling would continue until such time as their repeated failures caused them again to unite for the People ' s Charter . But were they to wait for that period without attempting by nnion to hasten it ? Mr . "Walter _Coojsb said the question was , were they , or were they not , to have an union ? He thought the time was come , if not for nnion , at least for them to make the experiment . He was g lsd that all parties bad spoken out . He had much rather that they should heartily abuse each other than that they should have a smooth surface with a hypocritical body . Mr . O'Brien had found fault with systems and system-mongers . He could assure him there was nothing good in the seven
propositions of the Reform _League which was not to be found in the doctrines of other Social Reformers . The Charter was only the means to an end ; and unless they bad an end in view , the Charter was useless . Some of them said they wanted the Charter , and something more . Now , this something more was tbe things contained hi the programme . He bad great dependence npon the good to be effected by a law of partnership . When ne was examined before the House of Commons , he was asked whether working men would be satisfied if they were given this law of partnership ? He told them tbat they bad no confidence in that honse . Mr . Cooper then explained how the present law affected them as a body of co-operative trades .
Mr . Wheeler thought that Mr . Stallwood's amendment was not understood , and that Mr . Stallwood had not properly explained it . His idea of tbeir all uniting for the . Charter was simply that , to become a member of the Union , a person should only pledge himself to the one doctrine , that every man was entitled to a vote , leaving him in all other matters to act according to the dictates of his own judgment . It did not follow that because they made the Charter their one great demand , thatthey should not petition for other objects . During , the past agitation , they had not done as Mr .. O'Brien had stated—frittered away their energies in the abolition of church rates , tithes , and other minor matters ; but , when occasions justified it , they had
petitioned parliament in favour of many good measures , and they would still be capable of doing so if they agreed to Mr . Stallwood ' a amendment . Mr . Fdsseu . should vote in favour of Mr . Har . ney ' s amendment , but did not think he should be doing his duty to ihe Chartist body , unless he denied the statement put forth by Mr . O'Brien , that the Chartist leaders had g iven false' and fraudulent reasons / instead of the truth , in their advocacy of the Charter . They had proclaimed that they needed the Charter to abolish an expensive standing army , au iniquitous and burdensome State Church , and to reduce the pressure of taxation upon an overworked and starring people . Could any man , with any shadow of consistency , say these were fraudulent reasons ? Throughout the whole
oftheir agitation , both in 1839 , 1842 , and 1848 , they had shown their love of truth , and their firm belief in their principles , by braving the whole power of government ; and though they had suffered much , and been oft-times baffled , yet they had never placed themselves in the wrong ; and he could not allow the government to be justified by the assertion that tbey had acted fraudulently to the people . He appealed to the Socialists whether they had not always behaved candidly towards them , and heard tbem delineate their principles with the consideration which became men and brethren ? He defied the Socialists to prove that they had carried out any of their schemes of progress . The opposition of the law had always been too powerful for them to cope with .
Mr . O'Bbiex explained that he meant nothing offensive . He only expressed his opinion that , in the Chartist agitation , the Social Rights of the people bad been kept too much in abeyance . Mr . Read belonged to the Bakers' Association ; and , if the Union assisted them to obtain their objects , they wonld have more time for thought , arid be able to turn their attention towards gaining their political rights . Mr . Clements wished a law of partnership to be included in their programme . Mr . Massey wished to know if Mr . Harney would include a law of partnership in the objects he enumerated in his resolution ? He believed tbey possessed about 500 members in their various co-operative bodies . Mr . Habnet declined , not being perfectly acquainted with the meaning they attached to the words .
Mr . Stallwood was opposed to the introduction of the law of partnership . He had no faith in hie friend Cooper ' s mission to advocate Christian Socialism . The party who had advanced money to carry on tbeir Co-operative Society was an opponent of Universal Suffrage . He did not think that the funds of a national movement should be swallowed in a mere money-making trades' affair . To Buppose it would ever achieve their social or political rights was a mere hag ot moonshine . Some warm words were then exchanged between Messrs . Stallwood , Pettie , O'Brien , and Walter Messrs . Lk Blokd and _Psnns withdrew their ori-8 Pr Wasos moved , —" That this Conference shall ask the government for other measures besides the People ' s Charter , and that tbey proceed to their separate consideration . " He thoug ht the discussion should have been confined to the simple question , whether they would ask 8 _^^ 6 n _^ _Zw _tZ _^ the Charter or not . His amendment would teat that
question . , . Mr . Bhisck seconded the amendment Thevoteswere then taken , _™ _fo _^ e oUo result ; -Mr . Wilson ' s motion , 10 ; Mr . Haraeys _, 20 ; Mr . O'Brien ' s 6 ; and Mr . Stallwood 8 oV . Mr . _Fossell suggested that the secretary be _mstrncted to correspond with the secretaries or tne Yorkshire and Lancashire Delegate Meetings , informing them of the progress made . He thought the business of the Conference was concluded , as the adoption of a code of rules would be the work of another Conference , provided their bodies agreed to the basis of union they had laid down . ... Mr . Massxt opposed the suggestion , and it was ultimately - withdrawn _sntil the next meeting . Mr . Ivobt moved , —" That they adjourn until that day month , aad that a committee bo appointed to inw up rul ** ia tho interval . " _. _^
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Motion not seconded . On the motion of Mr . - Harnbt , the Conference then adjourned until that day week . The room was , as usual , crowded with an eager auditory during the whole of the proceedings . _Mntinn-nnt . _««< nn . _iD 7
National Association Of United Trades. T...
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . T . S . _Duncombb , Esq ., M . P ., President . Established , 1845 , " MAI JUSTIIU . " "If it were possible for the working classes , by com " bining among themselves , to raise , or keep np the generarate of wages , it need hardly be said that this would be a thing not to he punished , hut to he welcomed and rejoiced at" JStdabt Mux .
The " buy in the cheapest , and sell in the dearest market'' axiom of the political economists is like a doable edged sword—it cuts on both sides . The Perry market for , labour , being now the cheapest in the Tin Trade in England , Labour is walking out o f the town of Wolverhampton in quest of better wages , and , as far as we can learn , with the best success . Indeed , we have just had an intimation that plenty of employment , at good wages , may be had in France , for English
Tinmen , and the suggestion has been made to us , that we should at once put an end to this strike b y sending over all our unemployed men . But we are more patriotic than Mr . Perry , and are not advocates for enriching foreign nations by making them a present of British skill , and British industry . ; We believe , if the present demand for Bkilled labour in the Tin Trade was permitted to pursue its natural course , free from the molestations and obstructions of the
Perryites , there would not be a man too many in Wolverhampton , if a hundred fresh ones were to enter the town to-morrow . The men who were driven by the injustice oftheir employers to seek work in London , were certainly among the best oftheir craft , and have all succeeded in getting into good shops at infinitely higher wages than the highest in Wolverhampton . It is , therefore , scarcely probable that they . will be induced to return again captives to their cage , however fascinating may he the allurements of the Perrys , or however soft and thrilling tlie dulcet notes ofthe gentle Fearncombe . We are happy to hear that the demand for Tickets of
admission ( a precaution taken' by the committee to ensure its respectability ) bas been so great , that the whole were distributed in two days , and three times the nnmber might have been disposed of , ¦ so great is the interest taken by the general body of the inhabitants in thiB contest of right against might—of justice against tyranny . As we shall have to encroach upon the Star columns this week for a lengthened report of the meeting , we trust onr members and friends will excuse the brevity of the present article . William Peel , Secretary .
Grand Demonstration In The Theatre Royal...
GRAND DEMONSTRATION IN THE THEATRE ROYAL , WOLVERHAMPTON . This important meeting came off on Tuesday evening , October 22 nd , with an eclat not possible to overate ; never in the history of labour did its champions assume and maintain a higher and more honourable ground . The Central Committee had determined to submitthe Wolverhampton Tin Plate Workers' case to the verdict of the inhabitants of the town , believing—indeed , knowing—that it involved a principle in which the inhabitant householders were as deeply interested as the working men . The theatre had . been engaged for the
purpose , and to ensure a certain amount of respectability , and to counteract any sinister attempts to create confusion or disturbance , the admission was by ticket , tobe had by all respectable inhabitants npon application .. In two days from the announcement 1 , 500 tickets were disposed of , being the number the house could well accommodate sitting . Before the doors were opened they were besieged by numbers whose application for tickets had not been early enough . As many of these as could be accommodated in the vacant ground and slips in pit and gallery , were admitted . And we are proud to state that during the whole evening , in a house crowded from the floor to the ceiling , a degree of order and
decorum reigned which we believe is unexampled in the history of trades ' operations . A few minutes after seven the Committee with several influential gentlemen of the town and locality , Messrs . Green , Peel , and Winters , f rom London , and Mr . HolmeB , from Birmingham , took their seats on the stage , when Mr . Bartlett , solicitor , moved tbat Mr . Town-Councillor Griffiths should take the chair . This being duly seconded , Mr . Griffiths , who , upon rising , was received with loud cheering from all parts of the house , said , that he felt much pleasure in being called upon to preside upon tbis occasion , inasmuch as the meeting was convened to listen to the grievances of the working classes . He then read the placard calling the meeting , which , was as follows : —
. ., PUBLIC NOTICE . A . public meeting of the . inhabitants of the _"borough of Wolverhampton and its vicinity will be held in the Theatre , on Tuesday , October 22 nd , 1850 , to take into consideration the condition ofthe working classes , particularly the tin . plate workers ofthis town , relative to the difference which exists between tbem and tiieir . employers , wifh a view of cementing the workmen closer together by mutual assist _, ance . The . chair to be taken at seven o ' clock , p . m . Several gentlemen will attend and address the meeting . _Admission by ticket , which may be obtained from Mr . Rowlands , * 6 reat Brickkiln-street With regard to himself , he was totally ignorant of the causes of the complaints which a considerable
number of persons engaged m the tin trade had made against their employers ; but he knew that several honest men , whom he was acquainted with ' , had been walking about idle for several weeks past , and he believed they would rather have been employed . From what he knew of the character and habits of these individuals , it must be something of a very strong and unendurable nature which could have forced them into such a position . They had met here under the constitution to advocate the rights of labour . Not for any political or bickering purpose , but to claim and exercise a great constitutional right . The working classes , as he understood , would that night submit their grievance to the
bar of public opinion ; they would ,. he had no doubt , submit them with moderation , avoiding , as far as possible , personalities ; and if a grievance was found to exist , there could be no question but that public opinion would be powerful enough to procure redress , however rich or powerful might be the oppressor . ( Cheers . ) The chairman then went on to show the mutuality of interests between labour and capital , and how impossible it was for the one to injure tha other without the injury recoiling upon the assailant . With regard to labour , and the'influence which excitement invariably produced , in its relation to capital , he had been particularly struck with some statistics he had met
with , showing the extraordinary effect produced in France through the revolution of 1792 . Upon that occasion the property of France changed hands . The number of capitalists increased enormously . The land became divided among 6 , 000 heads of families ; and their families , in number 26 , 000 , had been since dragging on a miserable existence , through tbis excessive subdivision of the soil : — while , by way of contrast , the land of England was possessed by only 300 , 000 individuals , while 70 , 000 , with their families , were living by their wages . His authority for these figures was Alison ' s History of Europe , which , as an authority , he believed waa unexceptionable . He found that in
France there was two proprieters to one producer , and in England ten producers to one proprietor . If these were mere facts , there could be no doubt that the working classes are a most important element in the social family , and everything tbat relates to their well-being is deserving of the gravest and most earnest consideration . Having made these few preliminary observations , he should call upou Mr . Kemp to propose the first resolution . ( Loud cheers . ) * Mr . Kemp then came forward and moved the following : —
That this meeting fully recognises the right of every man , whatever his occupation or position in society , to an equal and just administration of the laws , and to that protection which they invariably afford , when practically ad . ministered , and consider that the best and efficient mode of procuring this forthe operative classes is a general _centralisatloB oftheir resources and energies , systematised and controlled by rules based upon just principles , which , while they legally and constitutionally demand justice and equality before the laws for the employed , fully accord the same to the employer .
Mr . Kemp said he felt himself in a wrong position , being somewhat suddenly called upon to move so important a resolution , but he always felt it a duty to come forward on behalf of the working classes , with whom he was identified by feelings ana position . He explained what he meant by the working classes , whom he considered included not merely those who worked with their hands , but those also engaged in useful mental occupations . He saw no difference in this respect between the maker and the seller ofan article , they were equally workers whose two interests were identical , and the only portion of society who were really valuable ' for the non-workers , for his part , he did not care bow soon they , « er » sent out of the country .
Grand Demonstration In The Theatre Royal...
and dutl _« _Z ded . _***» . H »«> reciprocity of rights _Lth _«&« _5 _^ _"WW UBual _-by some parties _ShM ? l _& . * _^ _'SMwrhood-and no doubt in _SiifhJTH _^ _^ Parato tbem , and to apportion . ill the rights to capital , and all the duties tolabour . _Wmii ° f t , . T a 8 in the hal ) ifc of thinking for SR f _. u m , ght * Per « _aps » be thought foolish for Shi • _*? 0 ! e _who . knew his folly and weakness ZSz , _' _] t 0 the olu ' mom . He thought that no right could exist without a . corresponding duty , _???« _*?* cla of the _Peopfe are found neglecting their duties another class will tell them of it . ihis is our business this evening , and this we shall do without any physical force . As he understood ine question , it appeared to him a very simple one . it any man comes to me to buy an artiole , he expects to value '
pay for it ; and if one man comes to another to buy his labour , by a parity of reasoning it his duty to pay value for it . He then proceeded , oy a variety of instructive and interesting arguments , to illustrate his views of the relation of rights to duties , and concluded this part of his argument by maintaining that the most effectual way -tor ' any class to secure their _righta was by a rigid and honest performance of their duties . He was sorry to say that some of the employers of this town seemed to have but a very imperfect notion ofthe obligation which their duties imposed on them . He had heard of some frightful cases of oppression . These men might be wealthy and powerful , but the people were beginning to estimate men not by the money they possessed , but by the virtues they practised . He confessed ho . had
great doubts of the propriety of strikes , but he was quite certain that when they were entered on they _. should be maintained with firmness . He considered that a right-minded and virtuous man would use every possible means to avoid the dangerous alternative ; but failing this he would say . to himself " I may want bread , I may suffer destitution , but Ihave placed my foot upon ft sound principle ; I will dief in iJefence of it . " ( Cheers . ) The speaker then alluded to the manner in whioh justice was administered in this borough by the local magistrates , many of whose chief qualifications for their honourable position , were a long purse and a pig ' s head . ( Applause and laughter . ) The Chairman remonstrated with the speaker upon the latter expression , whicli he thought was ill-advised , and not particularly applicable to the resolution .
Mr . Kemp resumed , and contended that they had a just right to complain of a want o f an impartial administration of justice , and he considered it was their duty to get the evils he had alluded to removed , and the incompetent borough magistracy superseded by an educated , impartial tribunal . ( Cheers . ) Ho considered that the _w orking classes were justly entitled to an impartial admistration of the laws of the land , and it was this feeling that brought him there . The speaker was greeted , upon his sitting down , with repeated cheers from all parts of the houso . Mr . Rowlaot _) shortly seconded the resolution , and Mr . Peel , the secretary of the National Trades ' Association , then came forward to support the resolution in a lengthened and able speech , for which we regret we cannot find room .
The Chairman then came forward to put the resolution , and congratulated the meeting upon the excellent temper of the audience , and tho general discretion and moderation of the speakers ; he was happy to see so splendid a meeting , and particularly to see so large an attendance of his colleagues holding official appointments in the corporation ; he had no doubt they would derive as much pleasure from this meeting as he himself felt . The resolution was carried with deafening cheers . Mr . Carver moved the second resolution : —
That this meeting is of opinion that it would be for the benefit of the operative classes of this borough and the country generally , to unite themselves in one body for their mutual assistance and protection , in order to secure the advantages set forth in . the first resolution ; and further , this meeting fully recognises the usefulness and advantage already obtained by the Executive and members of the United Trades' Association for the Protection of Industry , who have so _perseveringly and legally supported the tinplate workers of __ this borough in their present struggle against the injustice and overbearing conduct of some of the manufacturers . This meeting , therefore , considers the above institution eminently calculated to assist in securing that protection which is so much needed , and earnestly recommend the working classes to join it as the best and most efficient , as weU as legitimate , society established , to protect the interests of those classes .
Which he supported in a most amusing and witty speech , in the course of which he showed how easily , through the organised arrangements of the _National Association , the working classes might altogether change their position . He entered into some useful calculations , to show the over-powering value ofthe pence . Even if the men of Wolverhampton , to the number of 5 , 000 , were to unite , and only subscribe one halfpenny a week , it would produce a sum so considerable that would afford their complete protection from all undue exaction of capital . He
deprecated . this continuous effort to break down the value of labour , and showed , in a humourous style , the artful and crafty manner in which these reductions were frequently effected . Their results were not only to rob labour of the luxuries of life , but even of the necessaries . The speaker concluded a long and eloquent address amidst great applause . At this part of the proceedings Mr . G . A . Fleming , the treasurer tothe association , and editor pf the Northern Star , arrived / and was heartily greeted by several friends who knew him .
Mr . Green , member of the Central Committee of the National Association , seconded the motion , and commenced his observations by a well-timed ahd well-merited eulogium upon the Chairman , for his conspicuous liberality in taking the position and the impartial manner in which he had performed its duties . He went into a brief history of the rise and progress of . the National Association , showing its principles and objects , and the successful manner in which they had been carried on . He more particularly dwelt upon its complete legality , and adduced lucid dictum of Baron Eolfe in support of his
argument . He justified a combination of labour by the parallel of the useful combination now existing among the shopkeepers of that town , to protect themselves from the injurious effects of the truck system . He then went into a lengthened explanation of the terms of the Association , with which the members and readers of the Star are familiarly acquainted with , and concluded along and spirited speech by an exposure of some of the mean , vindictive , and cruel proceedings of the Perrys . Mr . Green was listened to with great attention , and vociferously cheered at the conclusion of his address .
Mr . G . A . Fleming ( treasurer to the Association ) was next introduced to the meeting in very flattering terms by the chairman , and , in the course of a brief speech , pointed out what be considered the peculiar merits of the organisation of the . Association , its adaptation to the local and general wants of the trades , and its strong and substantial claims upon their support , based upon its past success and vast capabilities . The working classeBof the present age stand in a totally different position to any of their predecessors . As long as the commodities required by society were produced . mainly by manual labour , the workers had , to a great extent , the power in their own hands of regulating wages in their own localities . But the rapid increase and
application of machinery to almost every branch of industry , and the consequent _supcrcession of manual labour by that machinery , had revolutionised the condition of the working classes . The inevitable tendency was to produce a " surplus" in the mar ket of labour ,, of which the owner of capital could at all times avail himself to reduce prices to the level pf mere existence ., _, This glut was not observable ih those occupations alone with whioh machinery . had directly interfered . It had driven masses of . struggling competitors , into . trades and occupations into which machinery had not yet been introduced , and , by their desperate efforts to secure work , wages in many of thein bad been reduced so low that the miserable victims were condemned to
eke out a subsistence by prostitution or theft . The causes which produced this downward tendency in the condition of the labouring classes were universal , inevitable in their nature and operation , and must be met by counteracting causes , equally universal and powerful , if the career of skilled artisans and manual labourers of all descriptions in this road to ruin , was to be arrested . The fact pointed to the inference , As the evil . was national , the cure must be national also . It was only , by means of a general union ofthe trades that they could successfully maintain their position , and secure a f air day ' s wage for a fair day ' s labour . Having been connected with the Association since its first establishment , and carefully observed its nraotioal
operation , he , had . no hesitation in saying , that he believed it to possess , in an eminont degree , all the requirements of such an association . It left the bodies united that freedom of looal action , and control over their own funds , which was so well suited to the genius of Englishmen ; and it concentrated and brought to , bear upon any given spot the whole moral and pecuniary power of the United TradeB , in the most simple but efficient manner . No a _« _sociatidn within the last twenty years ( and he spoke from active experience in all tiie movements that had taken place ! during that period ) had . conferred so many and such substantial benefits upon the trades , in so short a period and at so small a cost . Under the watchful and _oxuerienced guidance
and counsel of that noble and true friend of the people , Thomas . _Slingsby * Duncombe ,-. the member for _Finsburyr- ( immense applause)—and , through the spirited , honest , and zealous exertions of the members of tbe Central Committee , it bad ; weathered the storms whiob , " during thb last few years , had . wrecked so many other popuialf bodies . It had scattered solid bene-, fits far _an'dfwide , mainly through the medium of mediation and arbitration—though , when _neoeasary , it had never hesitated to employ the pecuniar ; power at its command to succour its oppressed members in any just struggle against encroaching or selfish emp loyers . Its triumphs towever , had , he rejoiced to say , in _hundred o _| $ _» _$ _» bvefl _ttor solely by tbe vMjfiw pf
Grand Demonstration In The Theatre Royal...
its moral Influence only—a fact pregnant with im " portahce ' and instruction . Let the trades ponder u it , learn to comprehend it in all its signifi . canoe , and having done that , let them learn how to act upon it universally , and no power would be able to withstand the demand for any of theirjust rights _, lie trusted , however , that they would not in future confine themselves to the arrangement of disputes only , but that the portion of the plan wiiioh was in _& ? T \ _M ° _^ _£ _fought into praotical operation . Until they had in some degree tho power of disposing of that " surplus labour , " which was the real cause of all reductions of wages , they could never occupy a permanen tly-safe and secure position . The Association had all the plans and the
__ machinery prepared , by which , whenever the trades choose to contribute the necessary funds , those surplus hands , who were made the instruments to pull down wages , might be profitably set to work on land , and in workshops , belonging to themselves . That was the only sure foundation on which they could stand ; and until they had arrived at that , all the other things they could do were , at best , but palliatives . He wished , however , to observe in conclusion that , in seeking the elevation of the working classes , the Association did not seek to pull down any other class . They had no desire to promote division , disunion , and ill-will between employers and employed ; on the contrary , aiming as they did , mainly to secure their obiects by moral
influence alone , they knew that anything like harsh , one-aided , partial , or unjust conduct on their part , would defeat the object they had in view , and destroy that moral prestige on which they had heretofore relied with such success , aa made them confident of _^ victory on the side of justice , in future . Ihat vast and extraordinary meeting was itself a pr ? - _?¦* . t _^ soundness , and of the value of the policy laid _^ down by the Association . It was a new era m the history of Trades Unions , to see a meeting for such a purpose as they had met to promote , presided over by an influenti al member of the municipal body , and to have—as he was informed—not only the principal employers in the ' tin-nlate
tradebut also tho great majority of the town councillors , and many of the gentlemen engaged iri the trade and commerce of the town .. The harmonious meeting of these parties with the working classes that night , and the friendly spirit by which that largo and overflowing assembly had been animated throughout , were deeply gratifying to his own mind , and he should ever recollect with pleasure his having been present at such a meeting , and the honour of having been permitted to take part in its proceedings . Mr . Fleming—whoso speeoh had been f requently applauded during its delivery—resumed his seat amidst loud and continued applause . The resolution was then put , and carried unani * mously . Mr . Barton , solicitor , moved : —
That this meeting strongly condemns the practice , unfortunately of late most prevalent , of . subverting tho necessities ofthe poor , or the ignorance of the unlearned , into a means of reducing the workmen into a comparative degree of-slavery , by drawing them into agreements as destruc . tire to the liberty , the interests , and the morals of the workmen , as they . are tothe honour , the character , and the reputation ofthe masters . This meeting wonld therefore most strenuously urge upon the workmen cautiously to , reflect before they enter into agreements so prejudicial to their best interests , and in every way cal . eulated to ensure their degradation and ruin .
With every word of that resolution he most cordially agreed ., He believed that every one present , who understood the nature of these agreements , and had seen the working of them when brought into a court of law , would say they were not onlv disagreeable but unjust .- Parties who had left the _' ir employment for only one or two hours had been sent to prison . ( Cries of " Shame . " ) The decision of the court being that they must cither pay the costs of the appearance , or be sent to gaol . He had seen the case of a poor man who , having heard one Saturday night of the extreme illness of his wife and f amily at a distance , left his employment and- proceeded forthwith to give them that personal care and assistance so needful at suoh a time . When he arrived
he found one of his children in the last struggle , and it died shortly afterwards . . Others of his children and his wife were ill , and the latter , as might be supposed , waa in great distress : He stayed to give them assistance , and for doing that he was taken by the officers and brought back to that town , and placed in the court on a charge of having deserted his , employment . One of the magistrates , who had _qome feeling in his heart , said , when the case was stated , that he thought the man had given every excuse that could be desired , and that he might be discharged ; but what did they think was the conduct of the employer who had arrested him ? He said , " Well , I am not satisfied , and I must have him committed . '' ( Loud cries of " Shame . " and
hisses . ) The words were heard with horror and disgust , . by every one in the court ; and though the magistrate , refused to commit the man for having gone to perform his duty . to a sick wife , and his dying child , he Was forced to pay all the expenses of the hearing . ( Renewed cries of "Shame . " ) Had the employer had any spark of right feeling in him , he would have paid these expenses himself . He would call attention to another case , in which a man was brought up under one of these agreements . But the employer neither wanted the man to go to prison nor back to his work . , It appeared he had lent him two pounds , and be said , " Let him give me the two pounds , and I will get rid of him altogether . " It was , in fact , an endeavour to make the magistrate ,
under colour of the agreement , put 40 s . in his own pockets , instead of having recourse to the County Court . He was about to tell them the decision , but on reflection he thought it would be better to tell them nothing about it . ( Cries of " Go on , lets hear all about it . " ) Well , if they would have it , the decision of the magistrates was this , " Sir , you are committed for three weeks , and if you can pay the money you will be released to night . " ( Loud laughter , followed by hisses . ) Was that the way in which these agreements should be administered ? ( Hear . ) Another thing about them was their want of mutuality . They required that the men should give the masters six months ' notice before they could leave their employments , while the masters had the power , in case of bad hand or any other cause , to discharge the . men
when they pleased , or , at most , at a month's notice . ( Hear . ) That being the case , he would ask if this resolution was not one to which they would most cordially agree , and in its not too strong language reprobate the temptations whioh the masters so disgracefully held out to bribe the men into the signing of these agreements , and thereby make them slaves for . an unlimited period ? ( Cheers . ) All the advantages were on the side of the masters . When they advanced a sum of money—say £ 5—to a man , he might expect to pay it off by certain and regular installments—say ls . a week—but the masters took care hot to let him pay it off in that way . They kept always something owing to them , and . thus kept him always under their thumb . ( Hear , hear . )
In addition to this he would notice the suspicious way in which these agreements were made teWll against the men . Whenever any point was to be proved against tbem tbey were always forthcoming ; but when the solicitor for the men wished to see them on behalf of his clients , they could never be had—they were always lost , or something ofthat kind ¦ and remembering also that the masters gave the men no copies of their agreements—remembering also the cases of hardship and oppression of which they bad been the cause , he left tbe resolution in the hands ofthe meeting , confident it would
meet with their unanimous support . Mr . Wood ( a tin-plate worker ) seconded the resolution in a speech strongly . condemnatory of agreements . He had worked in the beat shops in London for twenty years , and never heard of an agreement there . ' Mr . Walton , for whom he now worked , ono of the largest and most respectable employers in the town , had not a single man under agreement . ( Cheers . ) What did any honest man want with agreements ? If he was a good workman his master would be glad to keep him ; if he was a bad man , and he keptnim , it could only be for sinister purposes , and the running down of good
men . Mr . Holmes , of Birmingham , was desirous of saying a few words before the resolution was put , and to bear his testimony to the good that had been effected by the National Association . It had been intended that he should speak sooner in the evening ; and , if ho had had the opportunity , he would have endeavoured to show his reasons for supporting it at greater length than the lateness ofthe evening would now permit him . With respect to the resolution before tbem , he did not understand it , and he did not want to understand anything about agreements . He bad served , when a youth , one apprenticeship of seven years and did not wish to _' serve another , for the benefit of any man . He
rose specially , however , to show the advantage that would arise from a union of the trades , extending throughout tbe whole of England , Scotland , and Ireland , as he hoped it would . The best illustration he could offer would be that of his own tradethat of a wire drawer . When they were only a local union they had been farced to submit' to reduction after reduction . Itwas true that tbey had a fund , but it acted , in faot , like a ' stagnant pool of water , and spread a moral malaria through tbe trade . ; Dishonest men had taken from it little by little fer selfish purposes , and when at last a struggle came between the masters and the men ,
tbe men were obliged to give way from want : of means . They had not a powerful association to come between them aB a mediator , their funds were drawn from until they were exhausted , thia men were then left to exist as they could , and at length , 'however unwilling , they were'forced to go back to their employers . and submit to their' terms ; however degraded they might be to their feelings . ( Hear . ) Afteratune , however , they heard of the National Association . They studied its principles and its organisation , and were so satisfied with both that they joined , and he was happy to inform them , that though since that time many attempts at _reduotion had been made , not one of them bad been successful , ( I # td ohjerB _. ) _Ttowaj owing to the power
Grand Demonstration In The Theatre Royal...
? . *] " ? , National Association . He was glad to pay nis tnbuto to its usefulness , and his testimony to tne . admirable manner in which it conducted Ha business . let them suppose a case . The master wished , from some cause or other , to make a reduction . He . proposes to the men . The men reply no ; we will not accept it . Antagonism springs up between these two parties immediately : to bring them together is like bringing two fires to-: gether , they will add to-not diminish the heat . But then comes in another party , calm and considerate ; the mediating power of the National Association is brought to bear on the case in a spirit of impar-, tiality , with the best result to all parties . Tb . it had been shown , not only in his own trade , but iu
others in Birmingham , and all of them looking to . the struggle now going in Wolverhampton look *) ing to the justice of the causo in which the asso- " ciation was engaged , had come to the resolution ,- _, that whatever time it might take , whatever might , be the cost , the association should carry it to a : successful issue . ( Loud and repeated cheers . ) Ha could tell the subject waa not only mooted there , but in other places . He had lately addressed his trade on the subject , and asked them whether the tin-plate workers should go down for want of , support ! " No I" was the unanimous reply . " We will sooner give one-third of our weekly earnings ,. as long as the struggle lasts , rather than they shall be sacrificed to the cupidity of one or two selfish
employers . ( Loud cheers , ) He had great pleasure in saying that his own trade did hot stand alone in that determination , * and its practical value , in a case of this kind , they might judge , when ho told them that his own body , which averaged only 100 men , had already contributed to this struggle £ 27103 . ( Cheers . ) He could assure them such was the feeling now existing in the Birmingham trades , that they were determined the National Association , and the tin-plate workers , should succeed , if it even cost them more than one third oftheir weekly earnings , until their brother workers were triumphant . ( Cheers . ) They felt satisfied that every means had been resorted to by the Central Committee , f before "they were driven tQ a strike , for
their was nota body of men in the _^ kingdom who more strongly deprecated strikes . But having at last taken that position , supported by the association , they could not now go back . They were pledged to the list of prices drawn up by the men , and that struggle could only terminate by the adoption of "the book , the whole book , and nothing but the book . " ( Applause / and laughter . ) The Chairman , in putting the resolution said , it was the last / and to his thinking , the best . Ha could not tbo strongly express his disapprobation of the example set by those masters who disgraced themselves by invei g ling men into a hiring which was entirely a one sided affair . ( Great applause . ) He knew that it was the custom of some of these
masters to put these agreements in their own desk , and not give a copy to the workman . ( Cheers . ) But he hoped tbe workman would not barter away bis independence and his labour in that way in future , nor sacrifice himself , his wife , and hia family in tbe manner they had heard of that night . ( Cheers . ) There was no necessity for such agreements on the part of the masters . If they treated their men in a proper and gentlemanly way , they would never lose a good man . ( Hear , hear . ) He would give them an instance : one of his men bad worked for him for many years . He gave him good wages , and had never been asked for morebut if asked he would readly give an advance , for he would not part with him for £ 500 a year . ( Cheers . ) But mere wages were not the only tiea between master and man . The former ought to take an interest in the welfare of his men . He
should see that they were able to send their children to school , and be properly brought up ; and when the wife was confined , take cure thata bottle of wine was sent to welcome the youngster . ( Great laughter , and applause . ) There were ties to attach masters and men , wayB to unite their hearts , better than all the twopenny-halfpenny hirings that ever were drawn up by a lawyer . When men were inveigled into their one-sided bargains the masters had ho real hold upon them . Whenever they got dissatisfied the men run away , and the masters were , left without workmen , the wives without husbands ; besides , as bad been told them , Mr . Walton never hired ; and , surely , if hs could do without it , every other master in tho town might . ( Cheers . ) Without further remark , ho would call on all who approved ofthe resolution to say " aye . "
A tremendous shout , which made the building ring again , answered this appeal ; on the contrary , not the whisper of a " no was heard . Mr . Fleming having taken tbe chair , Mr . T . Winters moved , and Mr . F . Green seconded , a cordial vote of thanks to Mr . Councillor Griffiths , for his kindness in presiding , which was carried with three times three hearty cheers . In reply , that gentleman expressed the deepest gratification at the order and enthusiasm that had characterised the proceedings , and said that circumstances bad transpired that day which led him to hope that the struggle would be terminated in a day or two . ( Loud cheers . )
On Thursday there was a meeting of magistrates in the Town Hall , the Mayor presiding , for the purpose of hearing a statement from Mr . £ . Perry . Messrs . Green and Winters , of the United Trades Association , and a deputation of workmen . We have not room for particulars . And at the conclusion ofthe conference , the Mayor delivered the opinion of the bench , and concluded with the following words : — " We are not sitting here in a judicial capacity , but we can _sa _. y , that if persona wero brought before us , in cases ofthis nature , we should feel ourselves bound to enforce the same wages as are paid by the leading manufacturers of this borough , whether the men are hired or not . " * This is a " great fact , " and must have a material influence in terminating the contest .
A Scene At Sessions. At The Cambridgeshi...
A SCENE AT SESSIONS . At the Cambridgeshire Sessions , which terminated on Saturday last , before the Hon . Eliot Thomas Yorke , M _. P ., chairman , and a lull bench of magistrates , the following curious scene occurred after the trial of one Henry Barlow , on a charge _, of stealing a hen , the property of a magistrate , the Rev . E . Law , of Orwell . —The facts of the case were , that one of the prosecutor ' s servants having heard a noise made by a hen rearing partridges in a pit , went to ascertain the cause , and saw a man ( Barlow ) lying in it . He quietly Bhut down the glass , and went and fetched a fellow servant . On their return they dragged Barlow ( who either was ,
or assumed to be , asleep ) out , and then found the body of the hen in one place , and the head , which had been pulled and not wrung off , in another . — The prisoner ' s counsel ( Mr . Naylor ) submitted that the felonious taking was not proved , and on this being overruled , he argued thatit could only be considered a case of trespass , for the purpose of sleeping in a warm place . If the man had intended _tft steal , he would have taken the hen out of the coop . This was the mere freak o f a drunken man , to prevent the hen , by her cackling , betraying his restingplace . The prisoner might be punished , but not as a felon . —The Chairman having summed up , tha foreman of the jury delivered as the verdict , " Guilty of a trespass on Mr . Law ' s premises with a
felonious intent , and of pulling the head off the fowl . "—The Chairman : It is necessary for you to consider whether the prisoner is guilty of the stealing , taking , and carrying away this fowl . —Foreman ( after consulting ) : Not guilty of stealing . —The Clerk of the Peace inquired , in the . usual form , if that was the unanimous verdict , and there was no dissent . —The Chairman : Lam informed that there is one gentleman on the jury who will not find a verdict of guilty under any circumstances . Mr . Carter , you may leave the box . ; such a person ought not to take an oath . Mr . Carter then left the box , exclaiming , " Why I was the only one who was of a contrary opinion to the verdict . "—Mr . Metcalfe ( for the prosecution ) : There is some
mistake . Let that juryman come back . —Mr . Naylor I protest against it . The juryman has left the box . If he ought not to bave been there , he ought not to return . The jury have returned a verdict , and asked if they were unanimous . —The Chairman then recited the points of the _caBe again . —Foreman -. "We find the prisoner guilty of a trespass in pulling off the head of the fowl . —Mr . Naylor : That is again , a verdict of not guilty . —The Chairman : You must say whether the prisoner is guilty . Did betake the fowl from the ground ? I cannot allow the enda of public justice to be perverted . —Foreman : If you
say that is sufficient , we say that he is guilty . — Chairman : You must not put your verdict on me . —Mr . Naylor : I again protest against these proceedings ; this is not justice . —Foreman ( being asked by the chairman , with vehemence ) : Guilty . —This verdict was then recorded . Mr . Naylor : I apply for a ease on practice . Will the court grant it ?—Chairman : Certainly not . —The prisoner was sentenced by the chairman to ten years' transportation ( a previous conviction having been proved . ) Hia sister immediately set off on foot for London , with the ostensible design of soliciting the judges for a pardon .
Tbite, But Tfiuk.-* The Excesses Of Our ...
Tbite , but TfiUK .- * The excesses of our you _* "" J _*•»*» upon ouv old age , payable about twenty , J _^ _-r search af . Many , whose bill has _becomp due , » h ° _^ J SSSw » ter pleasure , lost sight of , _«* _^ _aU _thTcSc nied ho and who are now _endur-pp , _;^ n aU _tne'r hd | _£ _^ _, can rors , the pains and _penaltieg _Conner _harf _heartllyrespond to theabo _^ adu _^ e-y _« > h _^ hare that theBe ( and _« o _« btte « s there _? re m _^ f thelr sinned in _iftnonmce _jW _jg _™ lift- of torment and misery , and it Ja *» f _J _»« * we call attention to a medicme . ferer _. _Jn _Pa _^ _Sh we have teste * , vi * ., Da . De Roo » _« _& _^ % _SStSm _^^ _UOs we feel assured _^ T _^* e do not _mommend Patent Medicines gene . _& KfM tt becomes more known , will tend greatly towards _Ih » mltleatlon of' the thousand ills that flesh is heir , _to . _% _wt frm the London Medical Journal S » _Afarlhs _m _^ tn ai _^ ?« rt _tfwr p * _W
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 26, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_26101850/page/5/
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