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TO THE IRON TRADES OF BRITAIK. *We, the ...
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Murder and Supposed Suicide—On Monday fo...
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TO THE SHAREHOLDERS IN THE CHftRTlST LAN...
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Darino Buiiqlames.—Oil Sunday morning, a...
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DISTRESS IN THE HIGHLANDS OF SCOTLAND. •...
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SiTPosKD Murder near Wolverhampios.—Lss^...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
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To The Iron Trades Of Britaik. *We, The ...
TO THE IRON TRADES OF BRITAIK . * We , the workmrn belonging to the various iron trade * of K-i _-hley . comprising the mechanics , rooulde- _s , _smithi , BaUmakers _^ and others , together with the joiners , beg leave to announce ihrougl : the medium ofthe -Star , that we have entered the National Association of United Trad » s , and most earnestly rsquest our brethren ofthe same trades to follow our example . Past experience must convince you that the increase of capital . in tho hands of employers makes sectional attempts for the protection of labour longer and more difficult . Our _imprsssionis , _thatno . trade , however strong , is capable of _withstanding the attacks of its employers , unless under the moss _fsvour-ablecireuiiistances , and that the only way TO meet this difficulty , is to increase our power by an union of trades . Here then we have the _National Onion formed the
and ready for this noble purpose , presen ting to you means ofa protecfve power , which all the _^ _capitahsU i « the kingdom _comomed , could not _w-thstand . The difficulty of uniting _h-bour has long been -a _**^ »* surely now when we have the means P _^ _™*« «" reach at auch a « nnul price , and nnder the _^«« " _" ofsuchablecoi . duc tors . HO _thmtangman will hesitate a moment in joining the army of united labour . _Inmaking thi « _^ hort appeal , we beg to return our most sincere thanks to the editors of the Northern Star newspaper , for their honourable conduct in devoting so much space in their valuable journa l for the insertion of the trades proceedings , and we trust that every working man in the Kogdom will patioriz _** that paper as the honest and unflinching advocate of the working man under all circumstances . Hoping _therefore that the iron trades ofBritain will be amongst the first _teeetthe example to the men of ali other trades , bvtbe proffer of friendship and mutual
protection , heheve us to remain . Tour most truly , The Iron Trades of Keighlj . JoHH Gbiik , Chairman , Joseph Brims , Secretary . Committee Room , / _Wi-rfcing Man's Hall , Keighley , December 15 , 1816 .
THE OPERATIVE BAKERS . TO THE EDITOR OF THB _HORTHBBK 8 TA * . Sim , —As it has been the ambition of philanthropists in all ages ofthe world , to arouse _themselves _t-j an effort ag . iiost every species of slavery that keep in bondage their fellow creatures , and render tbim more degraded than the brute creation . —I doubt not but that you will give this letter a place in the _Abrttern Star , since it i > intended to advocate the claims of common humanity , and n some measure at least to excite in the mind of the public an energetic feeling of sympathy on behalf of a most oppressed bod . « of men with whom I am immcdiately identified—I allude to the journeymen bakers , a class of men shut out irom mental and religious advantages who claim _tfie " sympathy . o ** ewry noble-minde !?
Briton . Twenty millions of our money has been _nobh expended to emancipate the poor African slave ; but tb < emancipation of the pnir white slave has scarcely beeu thought of , whose case has long been looked upon b , themselves as hopeless . The nature of _toeir basine .-s , the unlimited number ot tours of hard toil , together witli sight-work , not » nly deprive them of mental and moral improvement , but hurries its victims into a premature grave . Thus it may be said of them , like brutes thej fixe lite brutes they are compelled to die . That journeymen bakers are more oppressed than any _otbt-r body of men is ton generally known , and conscious of their degraded conditi' _-n , they are now making an effort in order to excite ia the breasts of the humane a feeling of sympathy and _co-opt-ration , whereby tbey may be
enabled effectually to agitate for the adoption of certain measures by legislative enactment which will . rohibit night-work , aad prevent the master exacting from tbe journeyman more than trom ten to twelve hours per day . Should it be argued by any one that _niilit-work cannot be dispensed witb , I reply , then , let those journeymen take night-work that prefer it , and let tbem be remunerated accordingly , that whether we work at night or in the day , let ns only be expected to give twelve hours of toll for a day _» work , and not from eighteen to twenty and _twojand-twenty . as is now the case . It is an irrefutable " feet that fifty years ago , two men and a boy were employed in making ap fourteen sacks- of flour into bread ; bnt now masfe-r bakers , in many instances , expect forty sacks to be made up inthe same time . Not
long ago the writer nlhd a situation as _fcreman in _« . country bnsiness , aud even there the hours of toil were from eighteen to twenty . two per day , and the wages receired by the strand bands were only from 3 * .. to 4 s . per week with bread and 1- oging . This is only one of numerous instances which I could name , to show tbatj _.-urneymen bakers , as a buoy uf men , are used infinitely worse than the brute . In several instances , I hare known journeymen drop down while at their work in a state ot exhaustion . It was i . ut tbe other day I asked a foreman baker living in london , how many hours of sleep his situation afforded him , taking the week through , he
"replied , that it only amounted to about twenty-four . I knew also a case sometime ago of a more appalling description . It was thai of a journeyman who had not taken his clothes of to iay himself down to rest for a whole week , because be had not had time to do so 1 hare frequently heard it remarked by master bakers , how difficult itis to meet witb a journeyman baker who is not addicted to the _* use of intoxicating liquors . This , indeed , is too true , bnt are they not in some measure to be excused from blame , _tince the majority of them could not with their natural pbytical strength perform the amount of work pnt npon them without resorting to the use of artificial stimnlants .
_iliaistersofSehgionl this is a question that claims your co-operation . How many _journeymen bakers do I you see on the Sabbath-day at your churches ami chapels 1 are not the majority of them on tbe Sabbath lounging about at tbtir homes , with all the noble powers of their nature completely exhausted , as the result of the past week ' s incessant hard toil . Then use your influence in order to effect the _amelioration of the condition of a body of mm who , from a consideration of thur oppression and moral _digaicj . claim the _sympathy of all , I am , Sir , yours truly , H & nkv Flood . VniTE SLAVERY . LABOUR IN NEW YORK . ITS _CIBCUKSTASCES , CONDITIONS , &| U > _EE WAXES . ( From the New York Tribune . )
So . II . —STRAW-BINDERS , ARTIFICIAL FLOWER MAKERS , & c The Amazon-braid Weavers , a large and ill-paid class of working females , being at work at seven o ' clock in the morning and continue until seven in the evening , with bo intermission save to swallow a nasty morsel . Tbey earn , when in full employment two dollars and two dol- lars fifty cents per week . Out of this they must pay their board , washing , ( for they have no time to wash their own clothes , ) medical and other incidental ex- _penscSj and purchase their clothes—to say nothing of ihe total absence of all healthy recreation and of all mental and moral culture , which such a condition _necessarily implies . Thej have , manv of them , no rooms of their own , bnt board with some poor family , sleeping anyhow _ and anywhere . For these accommodations they pay one dollar fifty cents , per week—some of the worst and filthiest boarding-houses , however , charging as low as one doUar prr -week . The " living" here must be imagined .
Tue Artificial - flower makers present a greater variety . The trade , as will readily be perceived , is one requiring great skill and _deleeacy in the finishing part of the work . Girls who have served five years' apprenticeship at the business and are very expert , if they work constantly can make three dollars fifty cents per week . fhe Sowers and wreaths which , under the name of " French Flower-work , " sell so dear and are so highly valued by our fashionable ladies , are mostly made bere , although many of the materials are imported from France . The principal part of tho work is done by . -young girls from eleven to thirteen years of age , the " apprentices , " * as they are termed , who receive _seventyfiv-.- cents , and a few one doUar , per week ! They , of course , live with their parents , for the most part , and have no time to ' go to school , to grow or to think . These •¦ apprentices , " as soon as tbey are ont of their time , are tohi tbat there is no more work for tbem , and their places are supplied by fresh recruits who are taken and paid , of course , as apprentices . Every few days jou may notice inthe papers au advertisement something like this"Wanted—Fifty young girls as apprentices to . the Artificial-flower Making bnsiness . " These pretend that a numberof girls bave become journey women , and are consequently to be pushed out of work to make room for apprentices , who will receive but seventy-five cents or one dollar per week . Many a five-doIUr wreath and expensive flower purchased of the Hisses _Lawsons , Madame Deuel , or Madame Godefroy , has been wrought into beauty by these little fingers , for , perhaps , two _shillings-nr half n dollar !
" The Artificial-flower business is extensively carried on here , and the product is deemed quite equal in finish and grace to the best Parisian or German flowers . We believe , from the most reliable data in our possession , that there are fifteen hundred or two thousands girls engagedin this department of labour in Hew York . A great many women who make match-boxes receive butfwe percent , per gross-or thirty boxe _? for a single cent ! We know * mother of a family wbo supported her little children by this kind of work , who used to walk two miles to a starch factory to . obtain the refuse for pasting the boxes—for which she paid a penny a pail . When she could succeed in procuring thU she said she " could make a little profit , but when she had to buy flour to make the paste with-then , she saia . it was a losing business ! Her little children thought so too .
"Wehave already mentioned the Cap Makers , or _wntcn , we suppose , there are between . one and two thousand . They earn on the average about two shillings per day , although there are many who do uot make more than eighteen _p-nce . They are thrust into a dark hack room on a second , third , fourth or fifth story chamber , thirty or forty together , and work from sunrise to sundown . " There is too often not a human being in the world who bas the _s"DVW-j « care or responsibility over the moral ** _, manners or _comioruoftbesev _^ T _^ i' _^^ _- . _^^ . - , ? them become degraded and brutalized in taste , ZH " ji < _Ts , habits and conversation , who can wonder t } Vhcse facts and remarks apply with equal force to the
To The Iron Trades Of Britaik. *We, The ...
hundreds and thousands of Shoe-binders . ' . _Type-rubbers , . nd other girls employed on labor of _thisklnrl . -In addition to the constant supply to the ranks ; of these classes furnished by tha poor population of our city , poor garb _, continually flock to the city from every ; part of . the country , either because their friends are dead and _^ y bave _nohome , or because they have certain vague dr . ams of _fte Sms of city life . Arriving here , they _; _iwn find how bitterK they have deceived _themsehe ., and how rashly _ffih > ve entered a condition where It is almost _impossibleNor thern to subsist , and where want ' _and _starlation are their only companions . The , have been educated and reared in such a manner as to render the idea of s ervitude quite unendurable , and their only _resottis the needle or some similar employment . Here they find the demand for work greatly over-supplied and competition so keen that they are at the mercy of employers , and are
obliged to snatch at the privilege of working on any terms . They find thatb y working from fifteen to eighteen hours a day they cannot possibly earn more than from one . to three dollars a week , and this , deducting the time they are out of employment every year , will barely serve to furnish them the scantiest and poorest food , which , from its monotony and its unhealthy quality , induces to dis- ; gust , loathing and disease . Tbey have thus absolutely nothing left for clothes , recreation , sickness , books or intellectual improvement , and the buoyancy and ex * quisite animality of youth become a slow torturing fever from which death is a too welcome relief . Their frames are bent by incessant and stooping toil , their health destroyed by want of rest and proper exercise , and their minds as effectually stunted , brutalized and destroyed over their monotonous tasks as if tbey were doomed to count the bricks iu a prison wall ; for what _islife to them hut _« fearful and endless imprisonment , with all its
horrors and privations ? ODDFELLOW'S PERMANENT LAND , BUILDING
AN » INVESTMENT ASS 0 CIAT 1 OH . "We have received a prospectus of the above-named society , emanating from the Birmingham district ofthe Manchester Unity . We give the following extracts : — ' To make a'l men owners of property , so that they may become their own landlords , it is proposed to establish the Odd Fellows ' Land and Building Association . Any member of the Order may jo in tbis Association . He will have to pay 2 s . 6 d . per week , for . thirteen years , ' for a share of £ 120 ; aud ls . 3 d . per week , for thirteen years , for ahalf share of £ 60 ; and 7 _§ d . per week for thir . teen years , for a quarter of a share of £ 80 .
The principle on which this Society is founded Is thus illustrated : — " Suppose the association be enrolled in the first week in January . 1847 , and that it numbers at its _commencement five hundred memb _rs , at 2 s . 6 d . per week , each member will pay £ 6 10 s . annually ; and the five hundred members will pay annually £ 3250 . As soon as the weekly subscriptions amount to £ 120 , a share will be disposed of by rotation , andthe member to whom it _? s allotted will ba immediately entitled to receive from the association £ 120 . With this £ 120 he will have to buy Ian I or property , or build a house which will be worth at least £ 13 per year rent , or 5 s . per week . When he has _obtained Mb share , he will have to pay , in addition to his half-crown weekly subscription , 2 s . 6 d . per week for interest , which will make his total payments to the association 5 s . per week . "
The advantages of this association are explained as follows : — " Suppose a y -rung man , twenty . one years of age , is desirous of making some arrangement to ensure an annuity when he becomes sixty years of age . If he join a Building Association at twenty-one , and pay to it 2 s . 6 d . weekly for thirty years , he will then be thirty-four years old , and will havo saved himself £ 120 ; tbis money invested in building will , aftei making every allowance for voids , repairs , collection of rent , and other expenses , bring in at least 8 per cent ., or £ 9 1 Gb . per yew . He , at _tliirty-four , may join another association for a share and a half , for which he will have to pay , at 2 s . 6 d . weekly , per share , £ 915 s . annually , and ths rent coming in from his former share will be £ 9 16 « . or ls . per year more than sufficient to pay his subscription for the one and half share . Inthirteenjears he will be entitled to a share and a half , or £ 180 , and the £ 120 which he has already , will make £ 300 . He will then be
forty-seven years of age , and may join another Building Association ' s *) - * three shares and a b _» lf , for which he will have to subscribe £ 22 15 s . annually , and his £ 300 will bring him in yearly £ 24 , which is 25 s . more than sufficient to pay his subscriptions ; he will , by this method , in thirteen years more , be entitled to three shares and a half , or £ 420 , which , added to his £ 300 , will make him worth £ 720 when he is sixty years of age . From this illustration it will be perceived that a subscript ' on of 2 s . 6 d . per week continued for thirteen year * , will in tt . irty-nine years be worth £ 720 , and of course , a subscription of le . 3 d . per week for the same number of years , will be worth half as much , or £ 360 . When we perceive tbat the share of £ 120 will , in twenty-sir years , without any more subscription being paid , amount to the euormons sum of seven hundred and twenty pounds , _weshall cease to wonder how it is that the rich still become richer , and the poor remain where they wero . "
~ J If a member of this Association should die , or become insane , before be has obtained his share , his widow , or children or legal nominee , will be allowed to receive back all his subscriptions , together with compound interest , at four per cent . If a member should fall sick , he shall be allowed to withdraw his subscriptions , together with 3 " r per cent , compound interest , and if he should be thrown out of employment , or from any other cause should require to withdraw hiB money , be shall be allowed his subcription , together with 5 per cent _, simple interest , or , if he should prefer disposing of his shares he may sell or transfer tbem to any other party . The prospectus is signed by W . B . Smith , the Secretary . The Committee will meet every Monday evening , at eight o'clock , at the Institution , King-street , Binningham , where _prospectuses may be had , Shares applied for , aud every information given .
_ t * * | t OPERATIVE nOUSE PAINTERS . TO THB SDITOR OF THB NORTHERN SrAB . -Sin , —I beg leave to forward you the accompanying resolution passed at a meeting recently held by the London Operative House Painters' Association . 'That the thanks of this meeting be given to the conductors of the " Builder , " " Douglas Jen-old ' s Weekly Newspaper , " "The Northern Star , " and tbe other gentlemen of the press , to whose kindly notice this Association is indebted . S . Bollard , Sec . "
, \ j f f j ( \ * i I ] i 1 WlLLENnALL . —IMPORTANT TRADES MoVRMBKT . —An union of the various trades has lately commenced in this place , having for its object the establishment of a fund , created by weekly contributions , by almost all the masters and workmen in the tow ** , and which is to be available to any of the branches of trade , in the absence of a demand for their _parfcicularnianufacture ; and as far as possible to render assistance in such times to small manufacturers , who , for want of capital , are compeled to take orders at any sacrifice . It also limits the hours of labour , which was very ' much needed . The immense number of small manufacturers acts as an incubus upon the trade of the town ; many of them have been suffered to have four or five apprentices , whom _theybave kept at work , fourteen or fifteen , and in some instances , sixteen hours per day . Besides , itis well known that
i I j ; : ; many of tbem _aie incapable of governing themselves , much less to govern apprentices ; and it ought to be known to those parties who have the placing out of apprentices , many of whom are parish officers in agricultural districts , tbat it is often the case that a lad is placed apprentice , say . to some particular branch of the lock trade , his- master has neither ingenuity nor capital to invent or carry out any improvement in such branch of trade ; consequently the apprentice ia kept working at the self-same thing during the ten or eleven years of his apprenticeship , at the expiration of which time he finds himself incapable of working at any other kind of locks , and in manv instances , iB next door to beggary all his days . If it had not been for the ingenuity and enterprise of a few respectable manufacturers , the trade of the town would ere this have been lost .- Birmingham Journal .
THE MONSTER INDICTMENT . THE OPERATIVE " ENGINEE R S OF LO N DON Held a public meeting of their body residing in the south-western portion of the Metropolis , atthe Temperance-hall , Waterloo-road , on Tuesday evening , December the 22 nd . when every engineering establishment in the southern portion of London contributed at least their quota to the gathering , for the purpose of expressing their sympathy with , and aiding their Newton brethren , in their present struggle against oppressive tyranny , cruelty , and wrong .
Mr . - Hepfem _. was unanimously called to the chair , and said bis duty would be very light , as a delegate from Manchester was present , who would state . the object of the present meeting ; he had therefore only to request a full and fair hearing for Mr . Lancaster , the delegate from their brethren in the njrth . Mr . Lancaster rose , greeted with a most cordial welcome , to btate the ease of the " _combinators and conspirator . " of those men who were now nnder hoavy bail to take their trial for daring to look for " a fair days wages for a fair day ' s work . " A few engineers ( said the speaker ) had come from Wales , and found employment at the establishment of Messrs . Jones and Potts , of Newton—those men found favour in the eyes of their employers—they were subsequently followed by other Welshmen , unskilful workmen , and whom Mr . Jones , perhaps from
kindness , they being mostly youBg men , whose-age averaged irom eighteen to twenty-six years , wished to be instructed in the business ; however , the legal men seeing the injurious tendency this must have on their interest as a body , were unwilling to place their trade , for wbich tbey had served an apprenticeship , into these mens' hands , consequently , they most _respecfully made their feelings known to their emp loyers , who appeared to acquiesce with them , and _. . _romised redress of their grievances . However , time rolicd on , and there was no amendment . A gain . i deputation waited on the employers , and most respectfully remonstrated against the gross wrong done to the legal workmen , they were requested to commit their statement of grievances to writing—they did so , and placed it in their employers' hands , but "' ,,. ~ " better success ; thev found , on the contrary , _S'lkineu a _?» al br 6 to " - " _^ _**
To The Iron Trades Of Britaik. *We, The ...
Ming , Flanning and some of them ultimatel y to engine driving . The * ¦ * legal " men . again found it theirduty to _remoHsirate . but this time they were treated with contumely and scorn , and in self-defence , and for the protection of labour against unjust oppression , they were then driven to other , though strictly legal means for redress . ( Loud cheers . ) They consulted and advised with their brethren in Union , and some of the best skilled men , who had felt indignant at the wrong done them , and left-the employment of Messrs . Jones and Potts ; and the men being naturally anxious to ascertain who would so far degrade themselves , and injure their brethren in the trade , by teaching the men who were employed by Messrs . Jones and Potts , against all rule and custom : of the
trade , had kept a watchful eye on the premises upon which had arose the monstrous charge of combination and conspiracy , " and which that excellent roan and clever lawyer , Mr . W . P . Roberts , had declared to be founded without" Law or a shadow of Justice . " ( Great cheering . ) However , warrants were issued and seventeen men were dragged at the dead of the night , and in the depth of winter , from their beds to a prison , ( Loud cries of shame , shame ) , and on one of whom was found Post-office orders for ten _poundu , enclosed in a letter setting forth the way the money was to be appropriated , which led to the apprehension of the excellent secretary of the engineers' body of that district , Mr . H . SJ * by . who was dragged off to Warrington , hia locks broken , his plaee _ransaoked , and his papers taken , without any legal authority whatever . ( Hear , he : ir . )
Mr . Lancaster here gav & , in detail , a description of the proceedings before the magistrates , and reeited the evidence brought out by Mr . Roberts ' s very able cross-examination , and elicited roars of laughter by his characteristic detail of " The Walking about , Standing still , and Talking evidence , ' on the part of the prosecutor , yet , although the prosecutor admitted that he had " nothing particular against the men , yet did the magistrates order their committal , and they were only saved from the _jawa ofa prison , by the liberality , generosity , and great humanity of Mr . Roberts , who became personally responsible for seventeen of the men , to the amount of £ 80 each , but the magistrates refused bail tor Selsby and Cheesewright _, although Mr . .. Roberta
offered on their behalf to become - their security to the amount of £ 6 . 000 ; however , after being in prison for several days , bail was accepted , uai the men wew held to appear at the Assizes . The case had been traversed over to the next session . As the case was of vast importance , not only to the en-B eera , but tothe whole trades' bodies , Mr . Robirts had deemed it advisable that it should be removed by certiorari , in order tbat a fair trial might be had , be also wished that the most eminent legal talent at ti . e English bar , should be engaged to conduct the proceedings , and when it was remembered that _-combination and Conspiracy" had never yet had a legal decision given to it in the higher courts , _notwitnstanding the Lancaster , Mr . _O'Connell , aud other cases , none had been settled on the mam question , and hence for the safety of the trades m general . it
was necessary that the question should ho brought to an issue . ( Hear , hear . ) This would cost a _xons _* .-derable sum of money , but as the operatives of England was interested in the matter , be would not for a moment doubt that it would not be raisid with alacrity . ( Loud cheers . ) The engineers ol Liverpool had already subscribed £ 100 as a . first instalment , in another important town the men had met , and put down three ¦ . _hiilings . eacb as their first instalment ofthe debt of gratitude , which they felt was due to their oppressed brethren . ( Great cheering . ) lie would now leave the case in their hands , resting assured that the men of Londonwould do their duty , aud if the operatives generally would only give a long pull , a strong pull , and a pull altogether , on this occasion , sure he was that victory would be theirs . ( Immense cheering . )
Mr . William Nbwtoi _* , the talented secretary to the London Engineers , then came forward amidst the loudest applause , and read a leading article relating to the case from the Northern Star , of December the 12 th , which was received with much applause _, and said , be thougt the case of the men of Newton , should be taken up by the engineers of London in , particular , and the operatives of the United . King dom in general . ( Loud cb era . ) Mr . Newton concluded along and energetic speech , by moving the following resolution : — " That a Committee be now formed to cooperate with tlie Engineers of the east end of London , in their efforts to support the oppressed and persecuted men of Newton in the Willows . " Mr . Birlei seconded , and Mr . Hindley supported the motion .
The resolution was _unanimoulsy adopted , and the following persons chosen as the committee . Messrs . Hindley , Miiward , Burr Birley _, _M'Lean , Austin , Devonport , Dunn , and Booth , with power to add to tlieir number . Mr . Milward said there was one thing they should not forget , he meant the Northern Star , which was the only journal that had taken up their cause , and which was always first in defence of the rights of la . bour , and not unfrequently stood alone . ( Loud cheers . ) He would * therefore move : —
" Thata vote of thanks are due and hereby given to the Proprietor , Editor , and Reporter ofthe _Northern Star , for the spirited manner in which they support our cause , and for their talented and patriotic exertions , in defence of thc rights of labour in general . " Mr . William Nbwton said his friend Milward . had just done , what he intended to have done , however it afforded him very great pleasure to second the motion , and corroborated all thai Mr . Mill ward had said . The motion was put and carried by acclamation . A vote of thanks was then on the motion of Messrs . Newton and Hindley given to the delegate from Manchester . ( Mr . Lancaster ) and to the chairmanand carried amid great applause .
, Mr . Lancaster , thoughthe had only done his duty , and therefore did not deserve their thanks , however , he trusted he should ever merit their good opinion-( cheers . ) Mr . Heppel ( the chairman ) said when differences had existed between tlie employers and employed in London , the masters did not object to the men ' s consulting and advising _to-iether , even at their very gates , and he could not conceive what the erne ployers of Lancashire had to comp lain of . The meeting then dissolved .
MOTEMENT OF THE OPERATIVE BAKERS FOR SHORTENING THE HOURS OF LABOUR AND THE ABOLITION OP NIGHT-WORK . A most enthusiastic public meeting was held in that very neat and spacious edifice , the Girl ' s School Room , Clapham , Surrey , the use of wnich had been kindly granted for tbe occasion by the Rev . Dr . Dcaltry , Vicar of the parish , on Saturday evening , _December 19 th . The meeting was not merely a Clapham meeting _. but re . presented also the surrounding towns and villages , num . bers attending from Brixton , Wandsworth , and Batter sea , Kennlngton _, < 5 ; c . Mr . Hood was unanimously called to tbe chair , and briefly opened the proceedings . He called on Mr . George Read , author ofthe "Biscuit and Gingerbread Baker ' s Assistant , " 'Practical Baker , " & c , to share the object for which the meeting was called .
Mr . Gnoses Read rose loudly applauded , and said , the Committee of the Operative B « ken > ' Soei _. ty , thought thc public were not aware tbat the London Journeymen Bakers commenced working at eleven o ' clock at night , and continued until fire or six o ' clock tbe following evening , whereby they are but fire or six hours disengaged from business , thus leaving them'little time for rest , mental or moral Improvement , and nom-for healthy recreation . At no other place but London is the baking business done on such a system—a system alike destructive to health and morals , from the continuous round of labour which it imposes on the men , whereby they are rendered old in their constitution before they hare ar .
rived at the prime of life . Why should such a state of things he alio wed to exist ? ( Loud cheers . ) Journeymen bakers , reason witb yourselves on these few plain facts . Compare your condition with that of other artisan ? ; ask yourselves if it does not require some ainelio . ration—and , having reflected on the matter , sure he was they would cheerfully respond , and lend an helping hand in tbe _obtainment of tbe great and good object of a diminution of the hours of labour and the abolition of night-work . ( Loud cheers . ) He would now read to them an important letter hi * , had received from Ireland , showing the effect their agitation alre _& dy had made on their brethren in the sister country , and no doubt on the public generally , ( Hear , hear . )
Operative Bakers ' Committee-room , _Wlgram Quay , Wexford . Sir , —I have great pleasure in being tbe instrument to convey tbe thanks of tbe operative bakers of Wexford to you , sir , and tha working bakers of London , for your and their exposition of the grievances under which our trade labour , and , in particular , the infernal system of night-work , and your determination to use all constitutional means to redress those grievances . As fellow tradesmen , we feel and sympathise with you , would wil . _Hngly aid or assist in any movement of that kind which would have for its object the redress of all or any of those grievances , and the welfare of _rt-e bakers at large . I hope , sir , you will not think us in any way intruding on your attention ; but , having seen an account of your meeting at the Belgrave Assembly Roouib , _Ebury-ntreet _, _I'imlico , in tbe Northern Star , we consider it our duty to forward you our thanks , and inform you of our
willingness to co-operate with all or any portion of the trades who may be disposed to improve tbe moral condition of the working men . We have , sir , in Ireland a majority of the operative bakers , in union , and more especially so in this town and county . We are of opinion , that the committee of your Society might move the working men to enlist the sympathy of the Legislature ia our behalf , and get an Act of Parliament passed in accordance witb our views ; the Government , too , might , with a "little pressure" be induced to give its support to the rights of labour . We are opinion , that if petitions were prepared and sent in _durlng the n » xt session of Parliament , our save would , at least , meet witht he support of tbe philantbropic portion of the " House , " aud bj perseverance and continued agitation , we should eventually succeed , I have the honour to be , Sir , Your most obedient servant , Nicholas O'Bkien , . President of the Operative Bakers' Union .
To The Iron Trades Of Britaik. *We, The ...
jr _. B ' , —We shall feel grateful by your forwarding , ' any paper that may contain a full report of your / proceedings . ' _i ¦ i N . _O'B . He had received other letters to a similar effect , from Liverpool , Birmingham , and other important towns _, thanking them and the public press , especially the Northern Star , for the manner in which they had taken up the case , and wishing them every success . ( Loud cheers ) Some time since the master bakers had issued a circular , setting forth that they could get plenty if hands from Ireland , to work all the hours they required of tham ; he thought the letter he had just read to them was a com plete refutation of so foul a calumny . ( Great cheering . ) Those masters appeared to be quite ignorant ofthe fact _, that the operative bakers of Ireland by their exertion had abolished night work in that country . ( Much
applause . ) And it must be highly satisfactory to the journeymen of London , to find that their Wexford brethren so warmly sympathised with them . ( Loud ap * _plause . ) Tbe men of Scotland _ha-i also through the Northern Star , expressed their sympathy with us and our cause . ( Hear , hear . ) Scotia Sons had recently held a jubilee of tri mph of congratulatory of their victory , they having obtained the objects we are now seeking — - ( loud _oheers)— -and was it possible with such biilliant examples before us , that we eould long remain in _i-uch a state ot degradation and shivery ? ( Loud cheers . ) He could com . pare the system of night work and long _houn , to nothing more apt than a candle lighted at both ends , consuming _, as it did , your health , and undermining your
constitutions , lnducingpreraature weakness , decay , and old age . ( Hear , hear . ) Their work was not as th * late Poet Thomas Hood said , from morning till night , but from night until Bight oame again . ( Hear , lit nr . ) A bricklayers labourer had specified hours , in which to get his meals , yes , if Paddy was half up the ladder with his hod , and the clock Btruck twelve , down he came , but the poor unfortunate baker must get his meals when his work would permit him . ( Hear , hear ) He did not . come there to set the man against the master , or vies versa ; on the contrary , he thought the change sought would be found as beneficial to the employer as it would be to the employed . ( Loud cheers . ) He had much pleasure in sub . mitting the following - resolution for their consideration : —
"That this meeting considers the continuous round of labour to wi * lch journeymen bakers are subjected tobe destructive to their health , morals , and mental acquirements ; that it looks on night-work as the principal evil of the system , placing , as it does , many masters in an unequal state of competition , and thereby enables them to met a much larger number of hours' work from the men than they would be otherwise enabled to do . '' Mr . _M'Laven , in seconding the motion , said he did so with great pleasure , he coincided witl all the forcible arguments which Mr . Read had adduced , he thought the tiorrors of night work and long hours called loudly for an efficient and speedy remedy , his employer , Mr . Simpson , of Old Bond-street , who had a very large _business , employing nine men , was , so struck with the goodness and practicability of their plan , that he had , with bis usual '' philanthropy , resolved to build an extra oven , and give tbeir system a fair trial , so convinced was ha that he could accomplish even his large business in twelve hours , day work . ( Great applause . ) :
Mr . Williams rose , loudly applauded , to support the motion , and said , their desire was to make common cause with the well-disposed masters , and obtain " a Fair Day ' s Pay for a fair Day ' s Labonr , " the present system reminded him of two days worrying and pulling themselves to pieces for other _peoples' pleasure and profit . He only wished he had this building full of masters , so sure was he that they would leave it fully impressed with the justice of their cause . ( Loud cheers . ) Inthe year 1824 he knew a master who paid for labour , £ 7 lis , per week ; well , that same master , in 1813 , _th-ouph the infernal system of night work , and _unbeunded competition which unfortunatel y prevailed , bad the same amount of labour done for £ 1 17 s . —( loud shouts of bear , hear , ) _-rhdw was it done ! men went to work at six o ' clock on a Sunday evening and kept at it , never seeing their beds until the Wednesday evening following . ( Hear , hear , ) He asked , was not auch a system well calculated to cause destitution and crime ! Was it
wonderful thatso many mendicants were seen in our streets , or that so many criminals inhabited our gaols and hulks ? ( Loud cheers . ) When our prevailing system kept snch large quantities of labour unemployed and such a mass of capital of circulation , such a system can but prove but detremental to the whole community , ( Loud cheers . ) Mr , WilliamB next demonstrated what might be done from the profits arising from the working of twenty sacks of flour per week alio-ring a fair average profit tbat it would employ more baki rs , enabling them to give additional employment to tailors , shoemakers & c , whilst shortening , the hours of labour would give them time to cultivate their minds , which , in its turn , would require more editors , authors , printers , bookbinders , publishers , < kc , thus it was clear that ft more equitable division of labour , coupled with a fair remuneration _.
could not fail to be the utmost _advantage to the whole civilised world , —( preat cheering)—what did the _present outrageous system of competition do for masters ? why enable them to cut their own throats ? you might see , _continunlly , placards stuck up on their windows , with the words '' No Puff , down ugain . " Ye * , in truth these were down , one of those " No Pun"' euning marten who , some few years ago , did business under this system , to the amount of £ 200 per week , might now be seeu daily menUins artificial-flowers , in the Whitechapelroad _, thus obtaining a precarious existence , here was u forcible illustration of their system . ( Loud cheers . ) When he ( Mr . Williams ) had been walking along _Holbsrn , at six o ' clock ofa Sunday night to his labour , oh ! how often had he envied the more happy mechanics _, those pictures of domestic bliss , going with tbeir wives to entail the sweet breeze of a summer evening . ( Great applause , ) How painfully did he then feel the misery of a journeyman baker ' s life , how earnestly did he resalve , on emancipating himself and fellow
slaves from such bondage and degradation , ( Vociferous cheering . ) If tbeir present appeal to the employers did not succeed , they must then appeal to thc House of Commons in tlieir present agitation , tbey did not ' call on tlieir _fellow-men to make great _sucrificts ; no , thc sacrifice of a mere pipe of tobacco per week each would be sufficient . They had an active committee , who had shown their earnestness , und their determination also , that they- meant business , an they had removed from thu public : liouse to th .- assembly- room ofthe Western Coffeehouse . Drury-lane ; they , too , had also a good , a just , and u glorious cause , in which the dearest interest nnd welfare of themselvesB and fellow-men were bound up . ( Loud cheers . ) He invoked the aid ot tbe friends of temperance , moral , religious , political and social _progress to their aid , and above and before all , he invoked the self-reliance ofthy operative bakers , let them but come forward , firmly determined , aud with perseverance ; they must and- will accomplish their _ebject . ( Immense applause . ) The' resolution was adopted unanimously , amidst the acclamations of tbe whole meeting .
Mr . Wuliams moved a vote of thanks to Dr . Dealtry and the other trustees who had so kindly granted the u * e of the school-room for the occasion , which was seconded by Mr . _M'Luven and carried by acclamation . Mr . 0 , Read , in an highly complimentary speech , proposed a votuof thanks to the Northern Star in particular , and the other portion of the press in general , who had taken up so generously the cause ofthe operative baker-:, which was seconded by Mr . Williams , and carried by acclamation . The following persons were then elected , a district or local committee , with power to aild to their numbers : — MesHrs . T . Reid , Brixton ; T . Fogzo _, Cluphiim . road ; W . Thompson , _Ciapham-tOttn ; F , J , Clark , Clapham-common ; J . Shanks , Cluphum ; and J . Clements , Clapham . C . Cameron , Clapham-rise .
I twas resolved tbat this committee meet for the first time * m Saturday evening , January 2 ud _, 1817 , at the Sun Inn , Clapham-town , at eight o ' clock precisely , _aiid every succeeding Saturday evening . After enrolling a large number of members this _enthusiastic and interesting meeting was dissolved .
Murder And Supposed Suicide—On Monday Fo...
Murder and Supposed _Suicide—On Monday forenoon , two boys , who obtain a living by dredging along the water aide , whilst passing along the bed of the river near opposite to Watorloo dock , found a human body firmly embedded in tha _^ nud . It , was the body of a female , with a child tied round her waist by means of a piece of rope yarn . The arms of the woman were both pressed round the neck of the child , leaving one to suppose that in the agonies of death she was firmly pressing the little innocent to her breast . The two bodies were immediately removed to the vaults of St . John ' s Church , in the Waterloo-road , where a moro minute examination was made . It was there found that the child was of the mal sex , apparently about fourteen months' old , the female seemed to be between thirty-three and thirty-six years of age . The latter was dressed in an old black _ituff gown , black _stocking , and side lace-up boots . Thc rest of the apparel appeared
very old and ragged , i lie child , a fine-looking boy , wore ( to all appearances ) a black frock , long worsted socks , and calico under clothing . The dress of the two denoted extreme poverty . Throughout the whole of the afternoon the police were engaged endeavouring to find ont the names * of the child and female , but without success . No letter or any thing else was found upon the deceased likely to lead to their identity . From tho fact of one of her breasts being found upon thc cheek of the child , the _probability is , that it was suckling when it met with its death . It was found , upon examining the bodies , that neither of tbe deceased had a single bruise upon their persons , which proves that they could not have fallen from any great heig ht . The appearances of the bodies are such as to lead to the supposition that they had not been iu the water more than twelve or eighteen hours . The ligature which bound the two together was what is termed lay-cord ; it was passed three times round their bodies and fastened tu the
bonnet and _cap-strin-. 's ot the female . FinE at the Mansion op "Wynn Ellis , Esq . — Thc mansion of Wynn Ellis , Esq , 30 , Ca'doj _* an-place , Sloane-street , Chelsea , was discovered to lie fire on Sunday morning , shortly after one o ' clock . Engines 80 iin arriye _* l , but the tire had made considerable progress in ; the second floor , and in the _Ibond timber ' and jois ' ting . The joists . and flooring ou the third _fl-H-i' _n't-re . also niuch injured ' before the flames were extinguished . The paiutins's and articles of luYfti are of great value , aud it is said the pain ings alonu arc covered by a policy of insurance to the amount ol £ 25 . 000 .
Murder And Supposed Suicide—On Monday Fo...
TO TUB ID 1 _TOB Of THB _WOBTHEBN STA * . SIR , —You will confer a great favour b y allowing spue * In your valuable Journal for the following brief remarks . - Having been appointed one of two _delegates to represent the shareholders of the Chartist Cooperative land Company residing in Scotland at the late _Caaferenas held in Birmingham , and seeing that is impossible for ru * to visit the various localities to give an account of how I _i-xercised the trust reposed in me , I , therefore , respectfully request them to direct their attention to the report of the proceedings in last week ' s Star , as it is a more correct report than f could possibly cive .
I may , however , statu , that ever since the company came into existence , it has been asserted by many _interested parties , that the statements made from time to time of the company ' s progress have been exaggerated , more especiall y those which appeared in the _AWkm Star in reference to the O'Connorville estate . Sir , partly for my own satisfaction , and partly for the gratification of my constituents whom I represented in the _Conference , 1 paid a visit to the estate in company with my friend , Mr . Ross , the day following the termination of the _business , and it was with no small degree of pleasure and delight that I beheld for the first time the People ' s Own Farm .
I entered on the land at the southern extremity , and I was really lost in wonder and astonishment while I gazed on what I may be allowed to designate a paradise . I cannot find words or language to sufficiently express th * pleasurable ( _zpressions wbich thrilled _through my _framo when the grand , the sublime spectacle hurst upon my sight . But in order that my brother shareholders may form some idea of tbe appearance of the farm , let tbem suppose that they stand with their back to the sun at noonday _, and that they have a full view of a niece of land
extending from north to south one mile and n quarter , and about a quarter ofa mile from east to west , divided in tbe centre by a main road , bounded on each side by two rows of double cottages , probably two hundred yards apart , and to the left , a parallel road , extending about half a mile , bounded on one side by single cottages , containing three and four apartments . The doors of the double cottages » re »> the end of the house , from which you have a full view of the allotment of land attached to each cottage , the several allotments being divided in a line drawn from the centre of the cottages , so that ths cottage of each allottee stands upon his own land ,
There is a gentle rise in the land from south to north , so that it is always exposed to the genial warmth of the
sun , Atthe top of the main road , a magnificent building presents itself to your view -it extends from seventy to seventy-five feet , from east to west , th" two wings are one story high , and are intended 'or two distinct schools for the education ofthe male and female ihildren of the occupants , and those of the surrounding neighbourhood . The centre of tbe' building stands t . vo stores hijib , and ii intended for the residence of the schoolmaster aud schoolmistress . On the top of this building , there has been erected a splendid dome , and spire , to which will ba attached a clock and bell for the use of the inhabitants . There will be a plentiful supply of spring water from two draw-wells , which bave been made for the convenience ofthe occupants ; there is also a reservoir of soft water on the highest part of the land , which , at a moderate expense , might be convey ad through pipes to every cottage .
Within a mile of the farm , there are thece hundred and seventy acres of common land , which the occupants have a joint ¦ right in , with the surrounding neighbourhood . Within a mile and a half is the village of Mill End , and on the same road , but about a mile further , is the pretty and thriving town of RR-kmansworth . The principal _business of the working people of the above places , is paper-making and straw . pltitting . It may not be out of place here to remark , that many have expressed their opinions , that the amount of land allowed for each occupant would be insufficient for bis and family ' s maintenance .
Now , as an answer to the opinions of such persons , I have ever stated that . manufactures would be combined with agriculture by the people when located upon the land , in proof of which , I have to inform you that tbe first and only occupant who has as yet taken possession , is now fully employed at his original trade of hand-loom weaving , the only difference being that previous to hii being located , he worked for a master ; whereas now , he purchases the raw material , is his own master , and sells his own produce to the real consumer without the aid of agency , he being his own agent , and thereby receiving the profit of his capital as well as his labour . Nor is he depending alone upon the home market , his produce is rapidly spreading _throughout the country , and bus already reached the town of Greenock , a distance of four hundred miles from O'Connorville . If this can be achieved by one individual , what may not be done by tbe whole of the members of the Company . Robert _Bhreell .
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To The Shareholders In The Chftrtlst Lan...
TO THE SHAREHOLDERS IN THE CHftRTlST LAND COMPANY IN THE LEICESTER DISTRICT . Brethren , —The Conference called together at Birmingham to consider your _affiiirs _, and decide upon rules for the regulation of your future proceedings , in which I had the honour to sit as you' -delegate , having closed its session , I should have been highly _gratified if , in accor . dance with our ancient nnd commendable custom , ! could have waited upon you personally , t » give you an account of the proceedings of that body , and detailed the part which I felt it my duty to take , and tbe vote which due consideration impelled me to give upon erery point of those grave questions , so highly important to the welfare , nay , I may say the very existence of our society ;
but the great distance at which nearly the whole of ytu reside from my locality , and the consequent expense which would be incurred by such visits , hss rendered the performance of such a duty , however pleasureable in itsself , totally impracticable . A public address to you on the occasion is the only alternative in my power , and I am hapyy to observe , thnt the report of our proceedings in the Star , and especially the adiM ' _rable comment upon these proceedings furnished by Mr . O'Connor , in that paper , has rendered my task an easy one , as far as regards an explanation , I shall only endeavour tn fix your attention upon a few points , ofthe most vital importance to our present ns well as future success .
The first in point of _mnunitude is the establishment of a Bank of Deposit . When Archimedes , of Syracuse , the great Mathematician nnd Mechanist , had discovered tha power ofthe lever , he _exclaimed , while contemplating its wondrous effects , " Give me n place to stand upon , and I will move tbe world . " _ThislevM- wehiive found in our Bank , and if it he skilfully and honestly applied , weshall do with it in reality what he spoke metaphorically . The questions of Mortgage , or Sale , presented on all sides innumerable _dilBculiies . In the case of mortgage ne could not obtain at most more than two-thirds of ihe value of the property ; and in . the case of . sale , encumbered with the right of the allottees to purchase _tln-ir respective allotments at a certain price , few capitalists would he found to become purchasers at any price . Our Bank
not only obviates these difficulties and losses , but instead of diminishing , actually _inevei-ses our capital in an almost _incalculable degree . B y borrowing money at three or three ami a half per cent ., which we can do to any excent , our operations are carried out to an-indefinite extent , and the money so employed bearing an interest of five per cent ., we are not only unimpeded in ourprogriss , but the purchase and location proceeds with the rapidity of the flight of the _eajrle , or the progress of the arrow ; while every outlay thus procured adds to the value of our possessions ; which , in thtir turn become a more extended basis of security for what we borrow ; and the regular contributions from the shareholders weekly Add to the amount of our real property , and _altORethi-r form an unrieniahlt .- proof of the truth of the paradox , that the more we borrow the richer we become—the more we owe
tlie greater is the amount of our real wealth . It is tho stone which , being dropped into the river , forms at the first a small circle round its nucelus , which widening and extending by degrees in every direction , covers over a vast space , and is ultimately Jost in tbe distance , beyond the reach of vision , It is a lever winch possesses the singular property , that the more it is used the greater is its length and _strength , and consequently the greater is its power , nnd the greater weight it is capable of raising , As a Bank of Saving , too , its benefits are invaluable ; it secures to the industrious and careful occupant a safe deposit for whatever he can spare from time to time , however small in amount , which is in a twofold manner
to his advantage , by reducing his rent , and enabling him to pay for the absolute purchase of his allotment at the same time ; I » it at all surprising then that our Egyptian taskmasters should exhibit unequivocal signs of alarm and terror , to discover that we have found out the secret of making bricks for our own use ; not to erect gorgeous palaces , or vast pyramids , mementos , of vanity and folly , but to construct habitations for ourselves aud our pos erity , upon our own little plots of ground ; there to sit after our labour of the day for our ow benefit is concluded , with smiling contempt for the aristocracy and the millocracy , who . have so long enslaved our bodies , and debased our _undemandings , to min i ster to their pride , their arrogance , and their extravagance .
I had intended to have _comprised what I intended to say to you in one _nddress , but the subject grows upon me bb I proceed ; and the columns of the Star , the only p-por devoted to tbe people , has too many calls upon its space to allow too much room to be occupied by any one subject , however important ; I must therefore defer what other observations I intend to address to you till another opportunity , and subscribe myself _. Your faithful servant , ¦ T . ' R . SMABT . 18 , Sanvey Gate , Leicester , 32 nd Dec , 1846 .
Darino Buiiqlames.—Oil Sunday Morning, A...
Darino Buiiqlames . —Oil Sunday morning , a daring burglary was discovered to have been committed on the premises of Mr . Joseph Mappin , dressing _, case maker and cutler , of 15 , Fore-street . Oitv . The shop had been plundered of a great portion " ol the contents , consisting of dressing-cases , cutlery , ¦ surgical instruments , and pearl and ivory , valued al £ 400 . " The shop of Mr . _Robi-i-ron _, tailor , 15 , Bow lane , _Cheapside , was a bo stripped of a quantity v cloth , & c ., valued at £ 150 . Tnese robbciiosaresup nospd to have been effected by _meauB of skeletoi keys .
Distress In The Highlands Of Scotland. •...
DISTRESS IN THE HIGHLANDS OF SCOTLAND . _•' ¦ ¦ h _Jr _™' _k , P « b _'i _° meeting was held in _Musiehall , _Edinburgh , for the purpose of adopting means _furmit-gat _. ng lhe destitution now extensively pre ' _L now StSfiJ ™ " ° f fam , ne * Wh , ch tha * calnraify n J _^ Lf j * ? upon Tast masses of _the-peasantry S & _whinHnT , 8 tartUn e detail 8 8 B t 0 «» _dSXr fS « ft " l T _^ _" _-at-on , » re now peans of
_Wii _^^ . _^ _'PW _aequiring two to three months . A population" ? ftfl * 60 OM > l dy _> entery and cholera ia increasing with fearful rapidity among the cottar class ; and the 3 _w 2 _OT , Mt _exhaust JnK _^ eir small stores of corn mea nl _^ ° J _rt-, J **™*** to one scanTy meal per day , the children and aged persons -son ' _bSfor th _S * r _"T time _SS _ff _SiSL onir / _iL _r _£ _^ warrathl and that they may require less food . The speaker then _Bavo a _touohincr by
_% « . ««?? 8 , , , ffe " i ? . _^ urcd the peasantry of « llh t ? n tbe lMt v , 8 _*; tation of a similar kind , of allien he was personally a witness : and after ad _Ihe'S ? _,, _? _* _' _!^^ 1 ed b _G-ernm _^ _upt the destitute m Ireland , he said he could not , as highlander _, but feci somewhat sore at the n & eet m Kh . _S _^ ¥ _* dbe _? nd 0 ne _^ Ireland , notS had been done for his countrymen . The highlander _, had not expended . any sums bestowed upon them , b _purchasnig muskets to use against their fellow countrymen although they had done the best they could with their arms , on many a hard-fought field _, in _delence ol their common country . He hoped they non-Id , whatever their sufferings , still maintain tuei character for peace ul endurance , and he believe d they would do so . He _trusted , however , th a t this , instead of inducing a neglectof _theirsufferings , would have a direotly contrary effect . Lord _CusxtmHAU having seconded the resolution ,
Dr . Casdish rose In the body of the ball , and exin _™ h _» _i uTk " _»™«™ _- _** oe in the resolution , and in what hud been said by the mover of it h . stated that the body with which he was o _necS were anxious to throw the funds thev had Xa , l r collected into one common treasury to be _distributed „ p , _Wi T P _. _"it T J ud 5 cious « _wner . If the Free Church ha ! been unnecessarily pr . _m-iture „ their subscriptions to meet the war ! _{ ofa destitute population , he _apologired lor their offence but he could not help regretting that the Lord Provost had not met the deputation whcL bnt _; waited upon him with _reference ITn . _pu _£ meeting in a different manner . ' * Another speaker , in thc bodv of the hall whr stated his name to be Mr . Donald M f ind liZ _? the rightto attribute the _destiSu whifnV _^ i
man innienon of ( _iod _, but asserted that it arose from the conduct ot a tyrannical set of _landlord Ihe speaker v , ns very indistinctl y audible in _» h contusion which prevailed . _^ Further details of the existing destitut . Vn „ - _« , _CT _^ n R ? _, ' Clark , _oft _^ _ft 30 _t the Lord _Proyost who read a letter from Mr . Hoi ? employed by the Commissioners of Northern Li Khte in Harris . Tins gentleman ataed that the destitute peasnntry were anxious to obtain work , coming twenty miles irom their homes to get employment _^ but , owing to the reduced state of their physical powers , by _ha 7 Jn | _, _ejipenencd for some time a wan _0 neces > ary nourishment , tiiey r _* _- quite iuca b | e _01 enduring a day s work . v The Rev . Air . Watson , Bishop Terrot . Lord Mm .
& a . ? leF 9 ' Mr ; . , _- _" _wd . subsequently addressed the meeting , which unanimously _aweed in the appointment ofa general committee to raise subscriptions , to be appropriated to the necessities of the destitute in the most judicious manner that could be devised . It was stated by Mr . Spiers that Government would assist in transporting supplies of food , or sell from their provision ships , to a relief committee , bread stuff at as favourable a rate as it could be pro . cured at in the southern markets ; and also transport from remote localities of the _highlands and islands able-bodied men , for whom employment might be procured in large numbers on the railways now in _course of formation , It is gratifying to see that the fearful destitution which prevails is about to be energetically grappled with ; and it is also satisfac * tn , _'V tn fin /] _tl _,., _h Tr .... ! n .. _n _** . _4 J .. . * I I I . . * j vuiit _ruiiuua uuiuciuiui
• _v .. „ „„ u _iuiiucu proprietors are organizing a society in Edinburgh lor improving the croft or cottar husbandry of the country , and improving generall y the condition of the labouring classes , somewhat similar to the English society , which has been so extensively useful .
Sitposkd Murder Near Wolverhampios.—Lss^...
_SiTPosKD Murder near Wolverhampios . —Lss _^ week , the _village ot Rushbury was thrown into a state if great excitement by the discovery of the bod ofa man named Harris , gardener to a county _magis * trate , under circumstances which lead to the belief thathe was brutally murdered . The deceased left his house on Tuesday morning , and not returning as usual in the evening , on Wednesday his wife sent ber daughter to look after him . She _"' _accordingly proceeded to the greenhouse , in the garden , and finding the dnoron the latch , with the key inside , she opened it , ana saw her father ' s hat upon the ground , near a pool of' blood . Being greatly alarmed , she run for the coachman , who accompanied _lur to the place , and lound the body of the unfortunate man lying oa
the right side , with his legs in the ash-hole connected with a flue which was used for warming the green ' house . The coachman did not tell the girl wiiat he hud seen , but took her back to the hall , and in company with other servants returned to the spot where the b * dy lay . The body of the man was not quite cold . Messrs . Coleman and Edwards , surueons , were immediately sent for , who on examination discovered several marks of violence on the head and face , the ear and part of one eye having been gnawed away by the rats . The deceased ' s neckerchief was saturated with blood , and his clothes bore evidence ot his having been engaged in a violent
struggle . Erery inquiry likely to lead to the elucidation of the mystery has been but up to the present time no clue has been obtained to its unravel meat In the greenhouse was found a hatchet , wliich had upon its handle marks ' of blood , as if grasped by 3 hand , and marks of . blood were also on the ironwork . A pikel was also found on the spot , with marks of blood on it , and both instruments are now in the possession of the police , What leads to the supposition that a foul murder has be n perpetrated , is the fact , that there was no blood whatever on the hand " of the deceased when found , and therefore that tlie _hntchetmust have been used by another party , who committed the de . e . d .
Inquest os Ten Sailors Frozkn * to Death . — Padstow , Susdav . —An inquest on the bodies of the ten unfortunate sniloi * belonging to the barque Dope , of Liverpool , who were washed ashore in the long boat , frozen to dealh , on Eridav , before Mr . _Uaniler , the Coroner . The Hope , it ' appeared , had been wrecked on the Wicklow Bank , off the east coast of Ireland , when the crew took to the boats . The deceased mid six otheis were in the long boat , the Gaptain and rest of the crew in the gig . The / alter , were , however , picked up by a schooner . Those in the long boat saw ' tliis , and tried to get up to her , but they conutnot , and soni lost sight of her , owing to the great M \ of snow . An attempt was them made to regain the Irish coast , which soon was obliged to be _ijiv . u up , three of _tht-ir oars breaking . They hoisted a small sail that was in the boat , and night
coming on , they steered for the English const , by keeping the North Star astern . Having no provisions iii the boats , and being thinly clad , they suffered intensel y from the cold , which was terribly severe , their garments being covered with ice . On the second night they made theLundy Island lights , and saw a brig , which they hailed , but it merely showed a li ght and passed on , without offering assistance , although it is quiieclear they were seen . Already had many of them _falleu victims to a horrible death , and laid prostrate at the bottom of the boat , and the next night saw three or four others . The boat had then reached Trerore _Ilend _, from whenceit drifted with the tide into Mawgan Bay , where it was noticed by the coast guard . Ten of the boat's crew had by that time expired , and th * -remaining & would inevitably have been lost had nut one of _Jb »
described swam ott the boat while beating among the breakers and with the aid of aline , which he secured to it , it was hauled up and the poor fellows taken oat . The Jury having viewed the bodies , which laid in a barn adjacent to the Mawgan Perth coast guard station , they returned a verdict that '' the deceased died from the effects of _starvation and long exposure to the inclemency of the weather . " Trial for Murdrr : —A trial for murder occupied the court at York , on Monday , Tuesday , and Wednesday , last week . Three men , named George 'Barkefi John Brtgon , and Thomas Routledge Raine , we ' . charged with having murdered Joseph Yates , a tailor , at _Startforth , on the 10 th of August , 184 _o _. Yutes was summoned to appear as a witness _against Barker , on a charge of having stolen a coat , ana
Barker was heard to threaten him several times , te prevent his giving evidence . Ou the night wheft Yates was killed , he was in company with the other _prisoners and with two prostitutes ; named Catheri _»« Raine and Ann Humphreys . The latter was il ' _fj principal witness against thc prisoners . She sa ia she saw them st ike Barker some heavy blows , th »» lie screamed out murder , and they then threw hmj into the river . She said-they afterwards kiih ' Catherine Raine , because she threatened to tell tupolice . The jury , after a long _consultation , return' * a verdict of—Not Guilty . On Thursday morn ' _^ the prisoners were arraigned . for , ' the murder ' Catherine Raine , but the trial was not _piWf V with ; Mr . Bliss stating , _thatl ' rc _. m the verdict _gi _*» in the previous case no evidence could be ottered . i verdict of Not Guilty was then relumed . j
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 26, 1846, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_26121846/page/6/
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