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¦ December 26. 1846. THE NORTHERN STAR. ...
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jforngn iftobnmtts.
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« And I wBl war, at leastin words, (And—...
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THE AMERICAN AGRARIAN REFORMERS* in the ...
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THE POLISH PRISONERS IN SIBERIA. The Ste...
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(Stomal attir fornix
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CA1UE OF GOOD HOsPE. Uncertainty and del...
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Attempt to Obtain Money by False Pretenc...
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^^————^—^—— *¦ IRELAND. STATE Of THS COU...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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¦ December 26. 1846. The Northern Star. ...
¦ December 26 . 1846 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 7
Jforngn Iftobnmtts.
_jforngn _iftobnmtts .
« And I Wbl War, At Leastin Words, (And—...
« And I wBl war , at leastin words , ( And— _-shoulrlEiy chance so happen—deeds , ) With all who war with Thought !" -1 _Oiinlc I hear a little bird , who sings The people by and by will be the stronger . "—Bt son .
The American Agrarian Reformers* In The ...
THE AMERICAN AGRARIAN REFORMERS * in the early part of tbe present year the National _Kefrrmers addressed a memorial to Congress , _setting forih that the time Lad come when a system should l > e adopted as regards tie _fcablic Lands , which _, shonld place their disposition npon the broadest principles of justice and Tight , and secure to the _-wacle neople , for ever , tbeir national and inalienable tenure in the soil . This * _locument was presented to Use House of Representatives bv Mr . Herrick , of 2 "ew York . The House referred the memorial to a _conmittee _, hut _reftraei to print it by & vote of 72 to _U . , > During the spring good progress was made in Pe nnsylvania , Massachusetts , and Illinois .
At ' . he . spring election ( this _yearjror Mayor of New Tork sad other * mumcipal officers , the Reformers nominated Ransom Smith for Mayor .. They polled _eix hundred _mtfre votes than they had polled at the sp ring _electiostjf 1 S 45 . A few days-previous to the _-election taking place , a very large open air meeting was holden ia the Park , a report of which _appeared in the Northern Star of tire 16 th of May test . The meeting was holden cm "the 9 th of April , ~ aud will long be remembered in New York as the first great _deuionstration of the American people iasapport of a true Itepublic . J ohn "Cammerford presided , and the meeting was addressed by Messrs . Ryckman , Evans , © " "Connor , Kriege , Bronson , Traccwein , Rand , Drcher , . Arnold , Gould . Manning , _Niles , MemH , _Glaser , Znegser , and "Beenej * . We repeat a few extracts fr ont the address as 3 resolutions adopted at the meeting : —
_"theglorionsrevol _* 5 _* t * OBO . _"* 76 developefi _* new truth * In She science of _civilirefi-government , asd _-asserted for the people rights never fefore [ so far as history informs us » - -ssserted nnder _sucfefavouraDle auspices , as to popular ¦ S ntelhgence , territory , and other cwoamstances . _Btft : 5 ome most essential rights so asserted are yet only 5 n - prospect . . Therefore the revolution is not completed . We have _thrown , off foreign rulers , bat have retained foreign systems . We have assumed the right to govern ourselves , but wc _* have not yet governed justly . _vTe"have _Je-lared an _tqti'lity of rights , busts have not _praritised _uf-.-n the _declaration . Strange though it may seem , It is _so less tree _thrn strange , that wshav .- mistaken Slavery - ' ; _,. Freedom , lst it now and bsneeforth be _proclaimed a < -. _i"c world , that there can be no _freedom _wbsre any
; _san is _coercsd by any sort * cf force or necessity -to _isloar for another ; that to be free , a man mun have a _; c -reign and inalienable right to soil enough to subsist -35 _ca . Wc -assert , then , the - "EQUAL RIGHT OF MAN 3 0 THB SOIL , and DJ 3 i £ A *! - * D its x-estorat _* en to the ;» . . pie . We ask that all the people may possess equal _rill's , in -practice as well as'theory , in order "that all may " _asT £ the best possible opportunity for the _pcrsoit of _hapriT . ? ss . We demand a freesoil for a free peaple . ! _= afi _* _r-ations where a monopoly of the sflil has existed , : _i-j _matttr what the form t $ f government , tfes mass of the _v :. * ple "have been held in-slavish dependence by tbe few . iV vary-years experience has shown ns tbat a governn * _.-cnt _.-nevtr so _republican in other respects , is powerless to _seccre freedom to a people among _wfetca a monopoly of _the-soil is tolerated .
_W-G-will suffer no longer delay . _Ah-sady the land is tilled _, tbe workshops are filled , the mints are wrought , aB _3 _* ihe ships are navigated by LAX 0 E 33 S HEX , who have-scarcaly a chance of escape from servitude , and wbese children most "iaevitably bt whs *" , tlie children of labonr in England are now ! _Already-is the agricultural p ; . p 6 _Iati , m scatteredjcnd the mechanical crowded in cities that-capital may monopolise the roads and saddle the producers with rent * * . Disregarding ' -the warning voice of " _"s ' _-Jtuerson , we have " become _pilerj ap in large cities as in-Europe , " anrl gone " to _eating-sne another as ther do there . " Our duty to our childretucries aloud for R - formation . We mart put an end tcthe Landed _Aristo cracy and save die-Republic .
The present system enables the nob to absorb the pre-« sas of labour * "tfcrougb rents and mortgages . Let wi _family have one Homestead and no more , anfl let a ! i the surplus land be held by thcpeople fer those coming of age . No -longer then will there be rents or _mort--gcges . -Under our present system the "workers have but to receive with one hand from an employer and pay over with -the oiher to a lasdlord . Let tbem bo iheir own employ-era sand their own landlords , and save a double tax . - T ? nder the system we propoBe , employingfanners would -secure _frceholds-for all their children , which not one in -ten of tbem can do now ; wages fencers wonld be enabled to set tip for themselves on their -own freeholds as soon _^ _as thev _could-procnre the _necessary stock and
materials-• mechanics would getont of the cities instead of crowding -into tbem , till all could have thes- "freeholds both in and -eat ; men who-work under ground in the mines wonld "have better-pay or they wonld « tey upon , the surface- ; -seamen would have better pay _.-better treatment , and better _aMommouations , or tbey would stay on shoie ; no - longer wonld men enter a Xavy -or Army to be _ordersfi _-ebout by officer * not ol tbeir own choosing ; and the cieh . who _now-squander tbe proceeds of others * labonr , though deprived of some of their _duxurits , would fine * it a- _, greater _lexary to consume the products of their own labonr , and . would find their advantage in the general _iweal , and in the security ofa competence , instead of the _-chance of snperaoities . A _LA _33 ED _DEMOCRACY -then , now and-fer ever !
aESOLTJTIOKS . Hesolved , —iTbat with the facts storing them in the face -of gradually decreasing means among the producing _classes , in proportion te the increase of the powers of . _production through their own _ingflneity , it is disgraceful So legislators that they have not -discovered a remedy for _a wrong so _papaWe . , _H _* -3 _olved , —That where thtre -are large prisons and _joor houses in a-country tbat has * fertile land unctilti-• _vated . they are an evidence of nrisgovernment . _fflesolved . — Thai if all men have an inalienable right ioJUe , liberty , _* a £ the pursuit of happiness , aswe firmly believe tbey have ,. it must be that ihey have an inalienable _.-ri- _»* bt to ose the earth , without jwhich life cannot be * i * sta 5 _aed , Hberty , _perscveredJ orhapoin 2 SBenjoyed ; theaefore . no man , or set « jf men . ought to be allowed to _moBOjraliss hereafter mors of the soil than could be possessed hy every citizen who desired it .
_JHese-Ived ,--Tbat the land ofthe world belongs to tbe peop ! e . of the worid ,- _* nd that no government has a right to _doanvthing with the landbut to _seccreit forthe equal we of . * ** citizens ; U » srefore , _notaiictheracreofthepublic lands-of the UnitedStates ought-to-ie sold or _appropristeditoany other _nss whatever than the sustenance of _freeholdess . ** _Btsolved . — -That hereafttr we _willtconsider aU legislators who . nphold landmoaopely or neglect-to use all their powers to ; ebolish it as , sobbers far more . ealpable than plaaderers . _of movable property . Resolved , — That as land traffic _isproduolive of destttntion misei * _Ji andcrime ,. wen _« usthereaftw- regard any man who buys land for any other purpose . than his own orhis femil v ' s . _ealtivation as a . land-stealer .
Besol ved , " —Tiat land monopoly is the greatest political evil that exUtsia any civilised country ; that therefore the people of each country ought to limit tbe . _R-nount of land to be held by individuals , _3 ndthatiti _* 5 the duty of the United States So set an example to the nations . In April an flection took place for . delegates tothe Aew Tork Constitutional Convention . This was a Convention . appointed to remodel _tbe-constiiation of New York . Of the _retults of the labours of this body we shall-speak bereaiter . Again the fieformers " net-eased _thenainber of their votes , and -two candidates on _the" _Oesocratic Ticket-J , H . Hunt _, and S . J . Tilden— whose names were also placed on the "National Reform Ticket . " were elected . 1 » the counties of New York , tfee . 'Anti-Renters and "National _Reformsre combined elected thirteen dele _^
** _£ " the 3 rd of June , the " Industrial Congress " held its firs _^ annual meeting at Boston - Amongst _tnedelegato were _Ilorace . _Searer . & W . _Hateb , LonisMasrjnerier , Albert Brisbane , fl . Beeney , M . 1-O'Connor , G . H . Evans , and Herman Kriege ; anumber of femaledelegates were also present . A deal ot business of an interesting and important character _, was _transacted . Amongst ether matters , a memorial to Congr ess was adopted , of which the following paragraph formed tha conclusion : — In order , then , to reverse the present downward tendency of labour ; to secure , as far as can be done by the constitutional action _ofthegeneralgovemroent _. themettns ofindependence to that portion of the p-ople now deprived
of them ; to prevent the rapid increase of crime and pauperism through the unnatural augmentation of aty populations , so much dreaded by the _fer-sighted _^^ to enable the mass of the people to enjoy the _nianeroui _mec-hameal and scientific inventions of their industry and ingenuity ; to do away witha principal cause of war , a desire for the acquisition of territory ; and to establish a democracy based on the laws of nature and the rights of man for these , among other reasons , we , a body representing associations of the labouring classes in seve ral States , and having the confidence and sympathy of _numerousfiiends of humanrig _hts throughout theUmon , oo respectfully request and strenuously urge that you _wiUnnmediatelyputan end to every disposition ol the People ' , lands , except for the use of actual settlers in
• bailed quantities . Amongst other resolutions , the following were adopted : —
iEIStSCBHEJiT STASWSC _ABHV—WAS . ¦ Whereas , Revenue is , by some , made an excuse for the SCle of the People ' s lands by Congress , therefore Kesolved , —That the pay of the members of Congress _, and of all the officers of the government , ought to be reduced to what the same labour and talent would require in ordinary industrial occupations . B _^ ived _,-Tfaat the standing army ought to be abolished . v * _Besolved , —That no war for disputed territory ought to be entered upon , whUe the territory already fought for U withheld irom the people .
The American Agrarian Reformers* In The ...
Resolved ,- —That no landless man uugtii _toeugueln any war unless with a vi « w of restoring his right to the soil . * '" - ""'* -- •<••¦ -- _¦> ¦ _-- ¦ ... _ . .. . -Previous to the late "fall election , " an . attempt waa made to combine the eff irto of the Anti . Rentere with those of the Nationnl Reformer . * for the return of one set of nominees for Governor and Lieutenant-Governor . This attempt was , however , unsuccessful . A majority of the Anti-Rent _delegates determined to support John _Ynunu , the Whig candidate ; for Governor , and Addison Gardner , the Democratic Candidate , for Lieutenant-Governor . •'• Previous to _nominatin- ; their own candidates the National Reformers determined to question the - "' party candidates ; " and accordingly sent to each the folio wing queries : — ..
- SO _PABTV-CANDIDATES .. At ftecombig Election in Nets York City , for Senator , Atse » i % Men , Sheriff , County Clerk , and Coroner . _Gekilehen , —The undersigned , a committee of the National Rff _. irm Association , appointed to question candidates at _thecomineelectionrespectirigthemeasuresof said Association , respectlully invite you . one and all , to inform us , in _writina , whether yon will , If c ! ecte
r The _Sational Reformer * _tf-iice- _' e the espedirticy ofthe present holders of land remaining in _possession _thereof till _deSb ; and then , after _portioniotr the heirs with the legal limited quantity , that the surplus , if any , sh < ml i be seiS , and tbe proceeds distributed among the heirs . ] 3 . To exempt the Homestead from alienation on account of any future debt , mortgage , or other liability ! j i . To limit the hours of labour to ten on all public _. works , or in _establishments by law ! 1 5 . To adjust _salnries to the avera _** jc compensation * ef csefdl labor * ( In tplace of this , to tbe candidates for county offices . —T _* o appropriate all 'the nett Income < of jour ofSce over _oaethousand _dollars as a fund to locate the snrplus laboron the land t ) 6 . To liberate -from prison immediately the rettffiining victims of tbe _AltS-Rent _difSculrjjs ! An answer « t _* _soor earliest convenience will onhge ,
Tours , for a Free Soil , * 6 eobgi ? II EVAiffi , iS . S . Masking , _ItiNSOlC _Smiib , Wit . ABBOTHtfdT , Jobn Windt _, _TheiBBrjcrity of the " 'party candidates '' did not deign to -even notice tb * _"Jabove queries . Of those who dii-rsply , three of the " Liberty party" ( Slavery _Abolitiffsists ) were the first . -The _replyo'f the Liberty candidate for the _Go- * _ernoraliip though , in many respects-excellent , was-deemed to be * not u _?» to the mark . _^ _The Liberty f _& ndidate for the Lieutenant-Governorship returned a perfectly _satisfactory re'dy , and _wes accordingly nominated f « r _* fce same office by the _National Reformers . Another of the Liberty ' candidates ( for canal coramissione _?) was also norm- ; nateS . Subsequently one of the Democratic , and _« ne _' of the Whin candidates for * ¦ AsseniMy , " sent in their ; _adhesion to the Heform pledge - ; " these two were ]
e * eited . i ft has been _already stated in "this paper , that thti elections resulted in the triumph of ihe Whigs , -Bu t _^ tins triumph was * brough about hy Anti-Rent votes . The editor of S ? cang _America-says , — The _Anti-Kenvsrs have carried the State , having elected , I believe , every candidate they nominated , - _* 8 oivernor , Lieutenant Governor , _> * t 3 anal _Commisfiioweri , -Congressmen , a Senator , and « t least ten Members -of e . ssembly . Mr . ** Young is _elctedby about ten thousand ¦ majority , all Anti-Bent votes . ** _T * _je Anti-Benters " , _fywill be recollected , _look tlie _Wliig--candidate for _'Govevnor . _^ the Democratic candidate _forXieutenunt Governor ; and -a Canal Commissioner from each party , all of whom-are ¦ elected . _Thedeatb-knell of Feudalism is sounded ! In a subsequent number ef Young Antorisa , the ¦ editor again says , —
The " Democrats made a-chocking misUte _in- _^ beir mealy-mouthed opposition 'to vested wrongs . The Whigs have carried the State , though the real triumph is the _Anti-Kenters who have _wieldiid the -balance of power . Next to tbe bad policy of the Democrats ia upholdineLand * Monopoly , and _** teepin- ; men vn ; prison for opposing it , the Mexican wanhashad its _effectsagaiust thera . and justly so . Tbe Free Trade Humbug , ' too , had its influence . To balance this bad policy _theyhed only the single good measure of tbe _sub-lf reasurer _. - _^ ho good effects of which the war expenses ha ve neutralized . The whigs have triumphed in " _rJiehigan , in _* _r" 4 _Iassachussetts , itf Fiorida , and Iowa . T here is -evidently now no redemption for the defeated party , but to _stopthe war without further cost or massacre ; let aloneiTree Trade until other things are right ; and . some out foi * a fbee soil . If they had taken * the a _«* tvice of 4 _heMutational "Rrformers , " two years ago _. _t they _v could now haw been triumphant _iicsttfad of being defeated and dis :-raced .
The celebrated Mike Walsh _jdaoed on the "Democratic ticket . " wras elccited ; andiarthongh not p ' edged is fully _commitied and _thoroughly _devoted to the _NationalSteform . Measuces . _^ He has now the opportunity _ondcing mankind . inea ' _rculable service ; for though he -is but one mamler / ihiru but point out the knaves-who may dare _* to * _etay tbe march of jueticc and * fee people will -annihilate _th' _-m . It may be necessary _tocapeat what _wehase before fully shown in the _Aor-that the American Whig party , numbering . _imongEt its chiefs , Webster , day . & c ., answer- to our Conservatives . The * J . Democratic" party answers to « ar motley gang _of ' _-Whig _.--, Liberals , and ¦ 5 _him-Ra * _Ecals . VVorkingmen , comprise tbe . great-mass of-the democratic party , to
• which they ha * e attached them-elves < becanse the { party is called- _"iDeraocrsSic . " These working men - are in a similar position * to that which the . working . men of Yorksbipe * w _re-a « me _yea-s ago « hen they -were proud of feeing called Tollers , " and-shouted :. aad fought for say tthuui-m long as he 'mounted a : yellow ribbon . _IGhartism , however , hss . pnt . an end » to all that ; _andsiow _the-working men « f { Yorkshire : are much _proedsr of being Chartists than -they . _e < er were of feeing - " \ Y _^ ers . " They now , follow -principles , not party _footedes . The National Reforaere and _AofeRenters are working a-s"kni-> iar change in -New * _-York _, and , canse _< queutly , * the working men are -fklline & wav from cthe
shas & and joining < bhe < _real democrats . Besides , r . th « _- Wbi | S seeing the starch of progressive democragj " are-bidding for popular -. support . In addition -to showing themselves favourable to liberating -tbe Anti « Sent _prisoner , -some -of the _Whige ., -. _atifcbs recest « lection , _swallewed -Kational Reform and Anti-Rent pledges ; hence _the-triumph of the Whigs , asd thetiefeat of the so-e & Ued - "ifiemocrats . - ' Mr . vEvans says , the " - . Democrats" if thej would « ave themselves *' _mtwt « ome out for a Free . * Soii . They . are already esmmg . _ontl At a . _isaeetiijgj held . at Tammany EaiL the . bead quarters of : _tbe" Democrats , "' the following _jpreamble and r « solu- | tions . wereadopted " with great cathusiasm and very . little opposition '—"
Whereas , we agree wita President Jackson ia his message -of iK 32 , tbat" to afford every American citizen of enterprke the opportunity of securing an indepeniant freehold , it seems to us beet so abandon the idea , of raising a . future revenue out of the . public lands , " and with Amos . Kendall , in his address to the . Hickory Club , when he sayfi _. ' _-sbo'e all , enable every American citizea to procure a freehold on the public domain , and our Union is safe , our government redeemed , peace restored throughout our jbarders , and our liberty fixed on a _xoek : " and with . a Committee of ihe Souse ot Representatives of 18 hJ , when they say , " tbe freeholder is the natural support ot a free government , and it should be the policy of Republics to multiply their freeholders ,
as it is tbe policy of l & onarchies to multiply their _tenants ; we are a Republic , and we wish to _contisae so ; tben multiply the class of ireeholders , and pass the Public Land cheaply and easily into the hands of the people Sell for a reasonable price to those who are able to pay , spd give without prise to those who are not . " And with Mr . Hamlin , wbo said in ihe Congress of 1844-5 , tbat * whatever policy the _goversraent might adopt , that was to be preferred wbich would prevent the common domain from goiag into tbe hands of the speculating classes , and securing to the actual settlers a home , " and with Mr . Robert Smith , who said in the *« ime Congress , " it is the duty of the government , as 1 believe intereK al 60 , Co make every men _afreehcUer , " therefore
Resolved , That we are with General Jackson aod others , above quoted , opposed to the idea of raising any future revenue out ofthe public lands ' . Resolved , That for the purpose of giving a chance to every able and willing-to-labor citizen to become a _frenholder , we are _opposed to letting the Public _Domain into tbe hands of any , in any manner , save in limited quantities , tothe actual settler and real cultivator . More proofs of progress in our next . The National Reformera are destined to conquer . Hurrah !
The Polish Prisoners In Siberia. The Ste...
THE POLISH PRISONERS IN SIBERIA . The Steele contains the following article on the Poles in Siberia : — The Governments calling themselves paternal and _leeitimate tarnish themselves with the commission of cruS and , in default of a more direct and _^ quick chastisenient , U . epressis called upon topnn » ta _Oiem by giving publicity to their deeds . We fulhl that duty in SJL _>*•!*** J ournal publ _8 _he _' i , rans , _. _f-K _?* _Hunfofthe sufferings endured by _* e roles m Siberia The truth of . the foUowing account is . vonched by M . Burin _Piotrowikia native of the Ukraine who , tempted
. by the desire of again seeing his native land , returned ii 1813 . under un Italian name . After a residence of _uine months , during which he employed himself m g . v _. ng lessons in the French language , M . _Piotrowski _s nationality was discovered through an imprudence to which , as he admits , he was not wholly a stranger . Being arrested he at once owned his identity , in order not to compromise his friends , and expecting that at all events he wonld not be visited with any heavier punishment than an order to leave the country , since bis conduct had been
The Polish Prisoners In Siberia. The Ste...
sucit as not to give auy ground of complain :. M . Piotroski sooned learned his error , and tbat having been a soldier of the revolution of 1830 and a political emigrant were of those crimes which the _Csardoss ' _nbt" forgive . Sent into Siberia he was at first set to work io the company of Mom and murderers , in a _Goverumentdistillery . After two years of misery , and torture he resolved to at . tempt to effect his escape ; and in the month of January of the present year he quitted the place of his exile , selectingwinteras the _mostfavourableseason _. sincelakes , rivers , agd marines , aie crossed with more facility wben frozen . The reasons which have prevented M . Piotrow . ski giving his itinerary will be easily understood . He limits himself to state , that he crosses the Ural mountains , over borren ground and ice and frightful wild , having on more than one occasion been three days without any food ; afraid of asking shelter from the inhabitants of tbe
country , he dug holes in the snow for a _resting . place at nieht , and frequently in the morning it was with great difficulty he could get out of his hilling-place owing to quantities ofdrift snow over tbe entrance . After enduring a tbensand dangers and sufferings which he could not have supposed he could have endured , he reached the shores of the White Sea , and then St . _Petersburg , and ultimately he passed the Russian frontier and arrived at Paris on the 22 nd _oflaBt October ,. after' an absence of three years and eight months , during wbich time he had travelled at least i 000 leagues on foot . During _his . stay in _Siberia Mr . _Piotrowski bad many opportunities of conversing with prisoners condemned for political crimes on their way to the place of tbeir exile , as also with inhabitants of the country , and even-with persons in tbe employment ofthe Government , and the following are some of the ( acts he learned from some of the persons amongst the best informed *—
"The number of Poles exiled In Siberia exceeds oo'fJOO ; many are put to hard labour in some < of the establishments the greater number of them are located on the lqnds belonging so the administration of transported felons . There is a Roman Catholic church there , and two priests are annually sent to give religious consolation to the convicts . Colonel P . Wysoslri , chief ofthe insurrection of the" 29 th of November , 5830 , was wounded and taken prison- ? at tbe attack of Warsaw in 1881 , and waB in 1834 condemned to bard labour in the mines ot Nertchinsk , in Eastern Siberia , where he met a number of his countrymen , sentenced to _Ae same punishment . Shortly after-fiteir arrival , they concerted a plan of -escape _, and gained over a _Rusvhrh peasant to take thela ' over to tbe opposite bank of a fiver , and to be afterwards thei * snide . The Poles -having mustered on tbe
bank of the river in the night . 'the peasant took them to an island / and under pretextdfasccrtaining whether they were watched , went to give { information to the _-superin tendent'of the works ; the-poor exiles were _conceited to surrraBor , and were thrown _- ' vito . _prison . Peter "Wysoski _, tbe _lieroofsomany battles , was condemned to receive 1 , 300 "Hows of tbe stick . * , he underwent his -sentence _viitb 'fhe constancy of a'csartyr , and after being cured , he wa _« sent to the fortress at Akaiui _, MTc _** . ttl further tothe east , to work at'tbe fortifications ; there he works , conversing with no-one , and shuts himself Up in bis but ¦ st' _-BRht . The _followlag is another instance of an atternptat escape , followed by a more cruel punishment : — The Abbe Sieracm'Ui , a native of the _TJkriane , the he : > d ofthe _Basilian convent of _Owrenz , in -Volbynia _, who _devoted himself to the instruction of ydtrth , accused of
' having taken a paftin the insurrection * ef 1831 , was deprived of his religions character , and placed as a private m a regiment o ? "Siberian Cossacks Who guards the fron > tier of Russia -on * -tbe side of the "Inuependent Tarta ** ' . tribes . Being a * man of letters , he was placed , at the head of the regimental school established at Omsk . At that place befell in with a _certaintmniher of Poles , and they laid the plan of escaping by penetrating the Kirgu sian Steppesinto the Khanat and _Tashkent , and _gaining through the Tartar country the English northern Indian possessions . The Abbe first -communicated -his _projoct to hie countryman Zgorki , * who had _serveS ' * $ Captain under Napoleon , and who / for having _taken-part in the insuvrectiou of 1830 , _was-sentenced to serve for'lifa as a private ' fn a Siberian regimentof infantry . Several other _insurgents were subsequently made _acquainted
with the project , but three Poles _, * -st } ldiers in the iame regiment , having got drunk , let-trai the secret in prase - nee ofthe Commandant of the _Fort-bfOmsk . _Immedl-Usly an order was given to arrest more thai fonr hundred Poles , soldiers , and others . The preliminary proseedings against them lasted three years . Two commissions , appointed-one af tet the other , * were dissolved without coming to anyconclu _< ion . A third commission made a report , _a-od' -pronounced a " judgment , which was approved ¦ of-by the Emperor , by which t ' ie Abbe Sieracinski and fonr others were each : sentenced to rece " ve " 7 , 009 blows ofthe stick ; and , should they survive that punishment , * to hard labour for life . The others were sentenced torreceive from 5 , 00 _td-flJCOO blows . " This sentence was inflicted at Omsk , in the month of March , $ 837 , ' General Gals . Sav < -rT having been expressly sent from St .
_Petercbnrgh to be present . _'Trinee _KorUchaloffwas then Goveronr _' _Seneral of Siberia . At tbe appointed time for this sanguinary act two battalions of 1 . 000 men each were drawn up on th <* public * _:-place . All Poles hail heen _excluded'irom these battalioBE , one of whieh war . to in * f lict the-sentences extending to 7 , 000 blows , and the other the lesser punishments . According to the * _Eussian railittwy-eotle , the sticks _wsad in the application ofthe bastiaado p . re to be of siicb-a ' thickness , thatthreeof them mav he-put together in the ! barrel ofa regulation musket ; b it the sticks used _on-the Abbe Sieracinski and the others were so thick that they could be but witb _difficulty put in p . musket barrel . According to the same-regulation _, tbesoldiers are to be-in _clos- columns , and not to move ths '; elbows from their sides when in the act of _gtrikinc : but on this occasion there was a distance of one
step _betweeoeacb man ; and tbey were ordered to put their right -foot forward , _ani-to raise their arm , in order to _strS-etwith all their mitfht . The inflictien commenced on _those-sentenced to 7 , 1 * 00 blows ; but the Abbe -Sieracinski -wagleft to be the last of them . The prisoners , naked-to'the waist , were led , each in his turn , M _> 4 times tbrougirthe ranks ( two soldiers striking at once counts but for-one Mow ) . When thefprisoner falls exhausted , he is raised . np , and placed on .-a bench , where heis made to recervethe remainder _ofhistpunishment .- When the Ab * e Srerabinski ' _s turn arrived , a doctor went up to bim and _offered'him drink , but herrefused , and walked _. upto his executioners , singing the ; psalm , Miscremei . _'Veus ! As he was _weaij , —his constitution shattered by _longprlva-¦
ttons , — * he fell after _reeeivingilt _. _'GOO blows he was then taken _op , < pl » o- ? d on tbe beach , made to kneel , _his-hands tied befrind . his back so _asnot-to-protect it , and liishead tied to a « t » ke . In tbis position be was taken round in front of -bis -executioners . ! 0 e still breatbeli at the 4 , 000 th blow . He shortly _afterwards expired , and more than 2 . OS 0 Wows were inflicted nnvhis lifeless corpse *! The others also-sentenced to 7 , 006 -blows expired during the infliction , e _. cept one , who was spared because he-was ill . After having _rregained bis health , he-was sent to-Nertchinsk , but , 'having become mad , he killed himself tbe day before the execution . The'bodies of the five victims were buried near-Omsk . Those sentenced to from . 'SOO to 3 . 090 blows received the whole of tbeir sentence . "
(Stomal Attir Fornix
( _Stomal _attir _fornix
Ca1ue Of Good Hospe. Uncertainty And Del...
CA 1 UE OF GOOD HOsPE . Uncertainty and delay still _attend-our movement's at the Gape . Tihr ; _Ea < 5 rs still _coirJir . tie active and _lUndismayed . still ¦ find that they _aije _itrhe gainers by tbeir campaigns , -still discover that ( the war pays itself . The _cattleithst they steal has a-double value . The young men / ccep _. it as a price fonbuying brides , when they wish to marry ; the chiefs retain it as the ¦ t errm * of an _armictiee . or peace , tor such . times as it shall "be found convenient to purchase a _reig'tite by the _restoration of a portion of their spoil . Overtures of peaee ham 6 een made by _itite Gaika
chief *! . - " The -Governor ' s terms _ui-aibstance wer « :: — - 1 st . That these tribes should lay down fcheirflrras . 2 d . That they shoul-l give up all the -colonial cattle . 3 d . That thecountry as far as tbe Kei should be placed under British controul—tho-e Kaffirs whe remain on this side submitting to such regulations as may be made for their future government . Macomo , it is said , seemed disposed individually to agree to these conditions , but by the others they wene entirely rejected . They stated they never heard of a conquered people being required to up their give amis , most of tbe cattle were dead , and that they fvere tired of the war , and they were determined not to fight any more . They were under our feet , and our commanders might go to their kraals without any resistance on their part , but that to give up their guns was out of the question . I
Such is affirmed to be the substance of the reply riven to the Governor .
FRANCE . The National was seized on Friday , for what offenoe is not stated .
M . GUIZOT AND THE OCCUPATION OF CRACOW . The France publishes , as follows , a note by M , Gubot , addressed to the foreign Ambassadors in Paris , and the French Ambassadors at foreign Courts : — " Sir , —The Austrian Charge d' Affaires has communicated to me the despatches from PrinceMetter nicb , announcing to tbe King ' s Government that the incorporation in the Austrian empire of the free town and territory of Cracow is resolved upon by the Courts of Vienna , Berlin , and St . Petersburgh , and they explain the motives . I transmit copies of them . I have laid them before the King in Council . His Majesty ' s Government has experienced from them a
great and painful surprise . W e received m February and March , as we did in 1838 and 1838 , assurances that the occupation ot Cracow by tlie troops of tho three Powers was a measure purely military , and not political , commanded by necessity , and wbich should be at end with that necessity . Now itis said that a temporary occupation will not suffice , and that the measure adopted by the three Courts is indispensable to guarantee definitively in their states order and peace , which have been incessantly disturbed by insurrections of which Cracow had become the permanent focus . But since the suppression of the small state of Cracow is to put an end to those disorders , its existence must have been their unique , or at least , their principal cause . This supposition
Ca1ue Of Good Hospe. Uncertainty And Del...
is lnadraisible . The so frequently recurring fermentation , _> of the ancient Polish provinces has arisen f ' romcauHe 8 more general . The scattered-members of a * _-great _* 8 tate ,-destroyed by : violence ,, still continue to agitate and rise . Treaties which _recoi * - _nizei auch facts "do hot cause to _disappear at once thc social wounds which result from them : time , equity , kindness , and prolonged good government can alone succeed in it , for these are the only " means which the civilization of Europe no _ w renders possible , The sovereigns and the statesmen assembled at the Congress of Vienna _thuB considered it . They wished at the moment , even when Europe , united , ratified the partition of Poland ,, to give to the Polish nation and to the conscientious feelings of Europe , which were disturbed by this
partition , a constant moral satisfaction . They had at the same time towards their Polish subjects perspec tive views of amelioration for the internal govern-: ment of the country . Serious disturbances may interrupt the course of that policy , at once wise and generous , but not cause it to be entirely abandoned or abolished . Nothing compromises a Government more than to declare itself unable to fulfil , even slowly and in course of time , the promises and hopes which it has itself given . The destruction of the petty state of Cracow may deprive the spirit o f Polish conspiracy of some means of action , but it may also keep up and even irritate the feelings which obstinately give rise to those deplorable enterprises . It weakens throughout all Europe on this painful question the principles of order and Conservatism , to the
profit ot blind and hateful passions . Article 9 ofthe Treaty of Vienna imposes on the republic ot Cracow the obligation of removing conspirators from its territory , and the three protecting Powers had doubtless the right to demand the accomplishment ofits obligation . But had they , in order to attain this object , no other means than to abolish the independence of this petty-state , and to suppress the state itself ? The narrow limits of the republic the _im-ffiense strength of the three great Powers by whose slates it is hemmed in , all tend to induce the belief that pleasures carefully combined would bave been sufficient to counteract efficaciously the evil , without having recourse te extreme means , which involve some perils in tbe prospect of frequently creating fresh and more serious evils . It waB in all cases the
incontestable riget of all the Powers who were partees to the Treaty-of Vienna to take part in the deliberations and decisions ot which Cracow might be the object ; If Prince Metternich means in his despatch that the three Courts had by themselves created the small _estate of Cracow , and that they afterwards presented to the Congress for enrolment the convention they had passed "between themselves , the King ' s government could never admit of an assertion so contrary to the principles and even to the _languagn of great _transactionawnstituting the public law o'l Europe . Independent powers are never called upon to enregister deliberations or acts entered into _aftd passed without their participation . In so far ire-regards Cracow and Pdl & nd , the sovereigns and public men say that long discussions between the
representatives of all the Powers preceded the _conclusion-afthe special treaty rif May 8 . The very text of « be treaty of Vienna demonstrates that the fete of 'Poland was regulated after a deliberation of all the representatives ot Europe . Articles 1 , % 8 , -4 , and ' 5 'define the share-which-each of the three Powers waa to have of the territory 0 l the errand _-Bschy of Warsaw . There 'is'noo "the least difference between these articles _amd'those which gaveto Prussia a part of the states -rf _tlie'Eing of Saxony , The foundation < of the _republteot' ' -Cracow is placed on precisely the same ground-as 'the ¦ stipulations "which 'formed tlie other states , « fven the most free , which have created the GermaRlc 'Confederation . " -The government of his Majesty , therefore , has used only -an evident right ,-and- _~ at the same time _fntfilled an imperative duty , in protesting solemnly against the- suppression ! of the republic oPGracow , an -act positively against !
the'letter as well as against the 'meaning of tlie Treaties of ' 'Vienna . After _the-long and redoubtable agitations'which'have shaker . ' 'Europe , it is only by paying'respect _^ to treaties , and those rights whioh they _have'made-sacred , tbat -she _'maintains herself . No Power can enfranchise itself from them without enfranchising'the other'Powers by the sameast . Franechas _ndt { _jiven any similar _example of an attempt against the policy of conservation and peace . France'has not forgotten 'the painful sacrifices _'impoaed-upon her by the treaties of 11815 . She might rejuieeatanaet . which would authorize her in . 'just reciprocity to-consult _henceforth none but _hev'owh interests ; -and it is she who calls ; for the faithful observance of treaties by _tlieiPowers wlio have derived from the principal advantages , ilt is she who , above _all _. 'is occupied in _tbeniainrenarres of the right acquired by « thers , and in respectingtheirindepeudence . "
SPAIN . The JJownal des _ZDebats publishes intelligence from the Spanish capital of theRoth . On thnt day the result < il _27 i elections was known , —198 _'beIonged tothe Moderado party , and "' 78 to the _Opposition . — | The Progressists have elected Senors 'Cortina , ¦ Gouzalez ,-Salamanca , Mendizabel , and Cozaga . _PORTUGAL . " ¦"""" The' Civil _War—Tha _> Queen ' s troops are reported ¦ to have . gained-someadvantages over the insurgents : ; on the other hand _. _'the _Miguellites under the command of _"ftlacdouald have captured Braga .
BELGXTJM . Pauperism i & making frightful progress in Belgium . The nutriber of poor persons-inserlbed on the registers ofthe charitable institutions isfr m ' _, 7 to . 800 ' 000 , 'Out _of' 4 millions nf inhabitants , . or nearlytherfifth of the part of the population . _The-proportionus still more considerable _iniFlanders , where pauperism appears tn be passing into a-chronic state , as in unfortunate Ireland . Tbis state -of things is . attributed to two causes , one accidental , and -the other organic—the _dearness of articles of food : ; _andtlia decadency of ( he linen-manufacturers , occasioned by the revolution _which-has taken place in the-method of-fabrication .
GERMANY . ABBBST OF 'COMMCNIST _3 . 1 _Bunw _** , 'Dec . HU . —The police bave 'been on thej alert last night , in consequence of the 'discovery of communist -movement , and have arrested several ' mechanics' apprentices in a public house . Itis . added that many persons of the better classes , among ; others , the -well ( known writer _"Behrens , ore eaid to bc < seriously implicated , and have -therefore been _takeni from their house during the night and lodged in safe custody . The report of _aconspiracy said . to have been discovered on the 'Rhine , appears tobe unfounded . Very urgent warnings ha > ve , however , been sent by diplomatic channels from Paris to several 'C ourts , announcing that . emissaries ofthe Propaganda intended to visi- the _-MeDis _!! provinces and central ( Germany .
• SWIYZERLAN © . The ordinary winter session of ihe Grand -Council of Berne was-opened on the 14 th inst . In his speech ithe President-alluded v k terms of lamentation , tothe iincorporation of Cracow with Austria , as an . event _, likely to react injuriously on . the Swiss Confederation ; and likewise . as'being the annihilation of the last renmant of freedom 'belonging to a for . we . nation , which had once been thcbolwark of Europe . The Revue de Geneva- of the 16 th , sta'es that the report of the Committee appointed to draw wa a plan for revising the constitution , will beehortiy terminated . M . James Fazy -has been named reporter . The-following are to be the basis of this document . First ,-an extension of electoral rights , as several classes-of citizens who , after the constitution of 1842 , were omitted , are now to be included ; secondly , the
direct election , by the whole of the electors , of the Executive Council , which is to he for the future _composed of seven members , and the faculty for the electors assembled at a general meeting tn dissolve the Representative Council , and to proceed te new elections in . case of disagreement between the two Councils ; thirdly , the reorganization of the municipal constitution , so as to place it in accord with the new political organisation , based o & the recognition of the principle of popular sovereignty in its widest sense . In addition , the question of the eventual revision of the constitution is to be submitted every \ 5 years to an assembly of the electors . The Judges of Lucerne have set at liberty , after twenty months' _datention , the Advocate Schnyder , compromised in the late events . Captain Pfiffer has Also been liberated , hut both are to pay a fine to the . state ; that of the latter gentleman is < 3 , 000 f .
ITALY . _AKTI-AU 8 TRIAN DBM 0 K 8 TBATI 0 N . Accounts from Italy state that on the 5 th of December , the centenary anniversary of the expulsion ofthe Austrians from Genoa had been observed as a day of rejoicing throughout almost all the north of Italy . The Sardinian government would authorise no public demonstration , but many private _assemblajies were held at Genoa , in whioh the toasts of the "Independence of Italy , " and ' Down with the Austrians , " were drunk with great enthusiasm . At
night , in the same moment , bonfires were lit on all the mountains surrounding Genoa . Similar bonfires were seen blazing Blong the whole line of _Appnines , in the direction of Florence and Bologna , of Rome , and of Naples . At Florence two large bonfires were kindled in the two large squares , and the walls were covered with placards , on which were printed in red ink , "Death to the Austrians . " . One of these placards was affixed to the hotel oi the Austrian minister , before the gates of which a body of singers chanted a deprofur . dis . No outrage was committed on persons or property . ?; " i '
Attempt To Obtain Money By False Pretenc...
Attempt to Obtain Money by False Pretences . —A man named Charles Thompson , was on Saturday committed for three months by the _magistates at Birmingham , for having attempted to obtain money from Dowager Lady Lytlelton , under the pretence that he was treasurer tor the fund raised on behall uf the widows and orphans of the men who were killed by the recent explosion in the coal pit at Oldbury .
^^————^—^—— *¦ Ireland. State Of Ths Cou...
_^^————^—^—— * IRELAND . STATE Of THS COUNTRT—SPREAD OF BESTITOHON No language can convey an adequate impression of the extent of distress , aggravated by the daily increasing system of disorganization . The measures of relief , in the way of employmenton public works , and the supply of food by local committees , are totally unequal to the exigency . In . fact , the peasantry in ' several counties are famishing , and the provincial journals record a number ot additional deaths from starvation . In some counties farmers may be _over-holding their grain ; but in general the stocks in the haggards are rapidly running out . InMeatn , for instance , the stock of grain in farmers hands is much less than usual at this time ot the year—in some parishes of that county the haggards are empty , and the supplies brought from other districts __ are _consumed " a-s fast as they , c & n be drawn away fiom the' mills . Altogether the condition of tbe country is alarming , and no man can see his way as to the future . ¦ - * .
COUNTY CORK . The Corifc Examiner publishes , on the authority of its special reporter , most _distressinv ; accounts from Skihbereen , in the west of the county : — «• From beginning to end ( says the Examiner , referring to the details ) it is one dark catalogue ot want and woe , of Tamine , disease , and death . In a private note , our reporter called our most earnest attention to the horrifying facts , which he said his correspondence truthfully _d'tailed . and summed up the condition of the poor in the ill-fated town from which he wrote by saying , that « they were dying off like rotten sheep . ' Struck by the earnestness ot the private note , we took np the correspondence , and went throug h its agonising details line byline ; and our readers who will pursue it through will say that
before we had come to the clove , wc had supped full of h orrors . There is disease , famine , and death in every paragraph . A terrible apathy . like that which oppresses a plague-stricken people , seems to hang ever the poor of Skihbereen . ' No sight of horror , no tale that in other times would make the warm blood chill in the veins , can now excite even a passing observation . Starvation has destroyed every generous sympathy--despair has made them hardened and insensible . They sullenly await their doom , to which they look forward-with indifference , and without fear . Death is in every wretched hovel . Whole families lie down together on the damp floor , on a scanty sop of wet straw , devoured by fever , without a human being near to wet their burning lisor raise their languid heads . 'Ihe husband
p , dies by the side of the wife , and tbe wife knows not that her husband is beyond the reach of earthly suffering . The same rag covers the festering remains of mortality and the skeleton forms of the _Jivuip , who are unconscious of the horrible contiguity . Rats devour the corpse , and there is no living energy to scare them from their horrid banquet . Fathers bury their children without a sigh , and cover them in shallow graves , round which no weeping mother , no sympathising friends are grouped . One scanty funeral is fast followed by another , and that by another . The dead are enclosed in rude boards , having neither the appearance nor shape ot a coffin , and are committed to their silent _resting-place in the nighttimewhere no eyes earnest curiously on the
, rude contrivance , or observe the absence of friends and mourners , and the want of all that ceremony so grateful to the pride and consolatory to the feelings nf the Irish peasant . When work on the public _roa-ds is offered , it in many instances cannot be availed of" * the strong man is wasted to a pithless skeleton , and he drops dead on his way to the scene of labour . The labourer has pawned his last rag , _swd when his turn is come , and he has a chance of employment , he must remain in his hovel to famish , aot having clothes to cover his wasted limbs . With-• out food oi-fuel , bed or bedding , whole families are shut _up'ha naked hovels , dropping one by one into the arms -of death—death , more mereitul than this _^ _world or its rulers . "
Some -ofthe scenes of horror enumerated in the foregoing are thus described by the Examiner ' s _reiporter _' : — _« . _' _,.-" A short time subsequent to visiting Bridgetown and the adjourning districts , I happened to be _preserit-ttt Dr . O'Donovan ' s , wben a mounted _policemanculled at _his'house , and presented a petition to _theifoilowing effect * :- * - * " The most awful and heartrending case of destitution that has occurred yet is John Molony and Michael © onovan , who are now in the-aleep of death without a particle to cover them ,
or _apportion of-a candle to prevent the vermin from coming in contact with the dead bofiies . ' This _circuiKstance _occurred'in a _tillage , rather a few scattered _houBes . 'called -Beenaen , about four miles t ' rem tbU town . 'In tmVhamlet la 9 t _ni-iht there lay four corpses as they had died , without ceremony orpreiparation of any description ; Two-of these weremot in such extremely -distressed circumstances as the others , _and-it-was _Inconsequence that the _application for the ' Collins referred only to Molony and ( Donovan . .
* But listen _'tothe'tateof woe-connected with the decease _of'the * fir _.- _* t o > f these unfortunate men . 'Bonov « i came into town , on Wednesday last for the purpose of p'ledging his siboes , 'for which he-received ils . lOd . _'j'h & retumtedi _& _omethe-same'day , and from fatigue and exhaiis tation he died there that might . His body 'has since remained where he breathed > his last . ; and but fi ir the _exerttsas of this humane . policeman _<( Sheehai * t ) ,: fce would , probably have -found ihis tomb inthe cat dn-where he-lived , his grave on the sod where he h ? idexpired , and his funeral-clothes . in the tattered gar _tnents that hung upon his _utteuiiiated frame .
For six days and six nights 4 id another wretched . and diseased body -breathe- the < $ estiferous _-eshalutions omitted from tie-body ofthe deceasetl _, "without being able _to-procuri * . ths assistance necessary fer bis ¦ removal . 1 The little - money , that he brought home ¦ with ihim was quic ' _-fely ¦ _exhausted by the other in-• mates , and wben the last farthing-had been- expended in the purchase ef a candle , asd when the -sickly light of this-candle ) lad expired ,. die rats' came and . commenced to eat t ; he * dead and .-decomposed body ; and it was with . difficulty they couk' be deterredfrom removing it-entirely away . But such an _occun-enee appeareutly excited . little surprise or speculat ' mn— -the people here appeared to regard it as « daily ; _oecurrencp _/* nd the cbntributiions of shopkeepers i nthi & town -, &> r the purpose ot coffins for Donovan arid Molony , in some instances , amounted to one halfpenny , and in other casecdid _not-exceed one . penny . " *
¦ PROYMO ** -RIOTS IN WPPERABT— . JIURDEB . She followim * coram unication has been _addracsed t © thc Jkiblin Evening P _' ost : — _"sCaheb , Dsc . _* 20 . — 'l ? ii & . _eountry-is in a frigbrtful state—robberies of all dtescriptiwis _^ _ftjur in particular , notwithstanding the-protection of" police escorts As il write this , a company _ofsoldiers-bas been called ' out of . tjie barracks hereto protect a . _quantity of dour ! on its way from _Cloamel to » Limerick . and Tipperacy . Last evening aboutone _hucndeed . and fifty cars lad _* i : i with'flour , the property of several , persons accona- panied by police , on ihe way to Tipperary , had on ( s / _i gone half ' a mile outside this town when the drivers _^ were _obliged to return back ., ths . roaA _^ being blockaded by _^ rmed men , and women . with other weapons , ; and determined to take the Hour . at risk of life . _(' cannot . enumerate or describe the . quanUty of robberies and the appalling _distnss mr ' , the , people .
_DREAQFiUft . Murder . —A man _residingiin . the neighbourhood of Tipperary was _barbacously rohbeu and murdered oa Friday night . I sa _' . w _fche murdered man yesterday morning . " * _TheTippwary ConstiUiiion has * the following : — " Plundeb of _Pnoviiiosa . —Ont _Thursday , three attacks on four flour carts were simultaneously made on tbe Caber , Marlfield , and Old Oashel roads , and the provision with which they were loaded . taken away by large mobs . Inconsequence of ihe . number of applications made by parties requiring _escosts , to protect their lives and properties , the ** magistrates , in order to _lessen the harassing dutieB of the _military and police , have determined that the following
_arrangements , m no case , be deviated _h-Om _. _Escoi-ts of military and police will proceed from the police barracks , _Irishtown , on the mornings of Tuesdays and Saturdays , for Caher _, at ten a . m . ; Mondays and Thursdays , for Clogbeen , at ten a m . ; Wea _' uesdaysj and Fridays , for Cashel _, at eleven a . m . Ami that , any cart , which , from the badness of the horse , ; tackling , dec , causes unnecessary delay on the road , ' will be left behind . There are daily and nightly patrols oi both Military and police on the several roads in the vicinity of this town . The aspect of the times is indeed anything but cheering ; tne accounts from all parts of the country are ot . the most alarming "description .
Count y _ftUro The Evening Post has the following regarding the state of Mayo : — "Death prom Starvation . —We have seen a letter addressed to one of the trustees of the India Poor Relief Fund , dated Castlebar , December 19 , in which the writer narrates the appalling fact that thirty-one persons have died from starvation in Castlebar and the adjoining districts during the last two months . County of Kerry . —Cahirciveen . — Since the date of my last , a steamer arrived at our quays laden with Indian meal for the tenantry of Daniel O'Connell .-It is altogether untrue that Mr . O'Connell ' s _tenantri wag concerned in what has been called an attack upon the government stores .
Leitrim . —Death from Starvation . —A poor labourer was found near Clonee with a bag of meal under his arm . He was employed at the public works , and was going home with his scanty store , after receiving his payment , when he dropped never to rise .: This is another case of death by starvation . —BaUinnsloe Star . County op Galway . —Another Victim to Stab vation !—Within tue last week another unfortunate man has died of starvation in the neighbourhood of Spiddle . —Ibid . Bread Riot in Belfast . — The Belfast papers- of Saturday , give the following account of a bread riot in that town on Friday : —Between nine and ten o ' clock in the morning , a body of men who have for some time back been employed on the works of the Belfast and Ballymena Railway , but whose occupation for the last eight or ten days had been suspended , in consequence of the frost , came into town , and
^^————^—^—— *¦ Ireland. State Of Ths Cou...
having called at the bakery of Mr . Hughes , in Donegall-street , demanded to be supplies with bread , or else they would help themselves . Remonstrance being of no " avail , the people on the premises handed them out Vquantity of-bread ; and "" having obtained this , they proceeded to the Public Bakery , in Church street , where they repeated their demand , and were again successful . Such domineering , however , in the heart fa populous town , was not long submitted to , and the ringleaders were at once arrested by the i olice , and lodged in the police office . At twelve o ' clock they were put to the bar , and the ease having been fully _investigated , they were sentenced , one , William Walker , from Cookstown ,. to pay a fine of £ 2 , « r to be imprisoned for one month , ; James
M'Cul-Iough , from Caledon , £ 1 , or one fortnight ' s imprisiinemei . t , nnd Henry ' Mason , from Saintfield to a like punishment . Murderous Attack ; — The correspondent of the iVort / ' « ra (• ivea the following details from an attack upon himself : — ' The day before yesterday being fine , I took the _uun on my shoulder and walked out to look for some snipe on Ciinan bog , and went on from one bog to another , until I came out on the road , close to where Mr . Bates is building . a new mill . 1 then saw between twenty and thirty people , employed on the building , running up the road , and as they passed som of them said , " You had better take care , for there is a man coming with a drawn sword , and he will murder some one . " I took no notice , but walked
on along the road , and in a few minutes heard the pattering of feet behind me , and the most horrid imprecations . When I turned round there was an atrocious looking ruffian , stripped of coat _ahdwaistjeoat , with a heavy ship ' s boarding cutlass in his hand , swearing _ht-would cleave my skill ) . I called out to him to know what he meant , and to stand back , bringing the gun to the recover , having both barrels loaded . I bad a moment ' s reflection , within myself , whether I would fire at his right hand , to disable him from using his weapon ; but seeing several women and children ( who had run out of the house ) , in the line of fire , and fearing to hurt some of them , I thought it best to take my chance" of closing , and grapple with him . lie delivered a downrieht cut at
my head , which , ' had it taken effect , would have killed me . I watched his eye , parried the blow with the barrel of the gun ( which are cut into the bore ) , closed with the ruffian , and in doing so I threw the gun from me on the bank of the ditch , fearing an accident in the struggle . After a desperate encounter , in wliich he attempted to shorten the weapon and stab me , I wrested it from him , and threw him with his head into the hedge . I followed bim to the ground , put my knee upon him , and got a good grip of * his windpipe . After I got the sword from him , he made a great effort to reach my gun , which was iu the ditch ; _butTsucqeeded in preventing him
getting hold of it . While the grapple lasted , not one of all the fellows employed at the mill , and who were looking on , ever put hand to help me ; but as soon as I had got him down , and had throttled him . they came . When twobr three of the fellows had got a secure hold of him ' , 1 let him up . A decent sort of man , who appeared a kind of steward at the mill , came forward , and got the ruffian secured . He . turned out to be a carpenter , who mistook me for One of the _pay-clerks of the public works , * against whom he had some enmity . I have lodged informations against him . The steward said , if I had not been merciful I would have shot liim , and wondered I did not .
the dkmand for fire-arms . The Drogheda Conservative says : *—" At our fair on Friday two cart loads of fire-arms were sold by . auction , and a spirited competition took place for guns , _pistpls , bullet moulds , < Ssc , lor midnight practice ! It might have been imagined that the dearness of provisions' would act as adrawback on their sale , but strange to say , such is the avidity of the Irish -for Arms , that men , with scarcely a coat to their back , have btcome purchasers of them . Every town in Ireland has its depots of arms , accessible to the haters of Saxon legislation , where fire-arms ; buliet moulds , powder , be ., may be obtained on most _^ reasonable terms ! There _ara only four of them in this town , all of whom are driving a profitable trade . " The same paper states : —
" The most daring robbery we have heard of for a length of time was perpetrated on a cattle dealer named Tiernan , residing in this town . On bis alighting from - the Dogheda coach , in the town of Kelts , on _Wednesday night ( or rather Thursday morning ) ,, shortly after 12 , o ' clock , whilst walking through Newmarket-street , a man stepped up tohim , and , placing a blunderbluss to his head , said , ' I was long watching you , Nelson' ( imagining that he was a cattle dealer of that name ); another joined him , and cocking a pistol , immediately put his hand into Tieman ' s pocket , and took therefrom £ 220 , consisting of two notes , one of £ 100 , the other of £ 50 . together with £ 70 in sovereigns . This daring robbery was committed within 50 yards oftlie police barracks and in the midst of a populous town . "
repeal association . The usual weekly meeting ofthe members of this body waa held on Monday in the Conciliation-hall . There washnt a very thin attendance of members and _itssociaies present . The chair was taken by Mr . W . T . Kelly . Mr . _'O _^ Connell repeated thathe wanted £ 30 , 000 , 000 from England , but no longer on the old terms , that of an'instalment on a debt of £ 60 , 000 , 000 . It is now to be a -loan which is not to be repaid by the landlords , hot out of tbe revenues of the country-. The next subject " was of course " Young Ireland . " He said thequestion of reconciliation was ail over—there wne an end to it * and the association was able and willing to work'by itself for repeal , in total disregard to tbe
machinations ofthe little Ireland party . ( Loud < : heers . )' He would tell that party that he gave them his defiance . ( Loud cheers . ) Now , he was assailed ¦ f or-stooping to the yoke of tlie Young Irelanders . and . he was told that tht y would claim a triumph . ( Hear , hear *) Of course , he knew that such would be the case before heimade an offer of reconciliation—he knew lie -would be so taunted ; yet it did not hinder ! _Mmifrom -making the offer—and why ? ( Hear . ) | Bec & Hse the result he knew musr . turn out in his favour . - ( Cheers . ) What had he done ? He sacrificed his feeling and his pride—and , after _astrugglo forilreiand for SO years , be was ready to place the palmof bis bands under thc feet of his seceders to bring <* hera -baek _, and obtain unanimity ; in faet , he did all but sacrifice principle , and they , nevertheless , refused 'his offers—ungraciously refused then * ,. ( Hear , and cheers . ) He was astonished at Mr ; O'Brieri ' s want of tact in'declining that conference ' andhad added insult to
. injury in his manner of re fusing . He had presumed to attribute motives to him , ( Mr . -O'C ) , which he entirely repudiated—to _asperse-men as good as himself in every respect . They . mourned over him , indeed , but it was the crowing _dunghilLcock over the old game one . ( Laughter . ) rhey wanted to have the regulation of the _Associa-• tion . _rbui _/ he _.-rt-ould rather see it perish than fall into ¦ _theirhands . The funds were falling owing to the distress ot the times ; but while , he possessed 6 d . in _tiieworld it should not be closed ' . ( Cheers ) He felt that , he was m' the right , and thatthe Young . Ire anderawere grossl y in-the wrong . The Younl Irelanders-wanted them to cushion religious aues-> r , ons ; -but he would never agree to " up _^ s the ¦ claimsol any religious grievances . He would not allow himself to be gauged in any such matters , fle treated the godless indiffeieniism of the _Younir ll 1 : _^ A T thBC _T , na C 01 lte rapt _* He was glad they had shown the cloven foot in time . He was grown old and infirm ; but his aspirations for the independence ot Ireland were as stron
g as ever _tJXi _« * ? J _? tIlen ca ! ne fo - ' Wa - - and sa'd he hoped that there was no one present who could ioin in the triumph of one party of Irishmen over _ann , xf : „ _Wear , ieai ' _-J _, ' Gehtiemen , continued Mr . O Neill , hiss as you will , nobody shall put me down . Loud cheers . ) He ( Mr O'Neill ) had heard Mr . _OConnell that day say , " that all was over , " bnt he rejoiced afterwards to hear him express a-. hone that yet there might be a reunion . ( Hear Now it was a bold thing for a man like him to stand up and defend the seceders from the association in that hall ; but he was about doing so , ( hear , hear , ) and he did so because he understood that none of them refused to confer but Mr , O'Brien . _fOrifla of "Hear , hear , " and ' - No , no . " ) * ™" Mr . 0 'CoNNEM ,.-They consented to a conference on the legal question , if the other Questions thev
proposed should be introduced . ( Cheers . ) Mr . O'Neill said he certainly agreed in the principle that thc minority should not dictate to th _« majority , and then went on to state that he had a plan to suggest which lie thought might lead to a reconciliation . He would propose that each party should select fifty names ten of which should be members ofthe future committee ofthe association , and that ofthe remaining forty on each side / fifteen should be selected by lot , by which means they would
have twenty-five gentlemen on each side to disouss the legal question in dispute . ( Cheers and hisses . ) Mr , O'Connbm / stated , that any preposition comine from Mr . O'Neill should not be met , as it deserved ,-with respect ; but he was ' sure that that gentleman would , upon reflection , seethe impropriety of putting the association on its trial . ( Great _applause ) He ( Mr . O'Connell ) was sure Mr . O'Neill had no consultation with the Young Ireland party Mr . O'Neill . — Certainly not . ( Cheers and hisses . )
_iVlr . O'Connell . —Nor was he a Young Irelander . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . O'Neill . —Clearly not . ( "Hear , " and great contusion . ) Mr . O'Connell proceeded to say that he was sure Mr . O'Neill had no such consultation , and was himself an Old Irelander ; yet , he could not but protest against his proposition of being brought to trial before twenty-five Young Irelawders—before twenty _, five tailors all in a row . ( Cheers . ) If Mr . O'Neill had no objection , he would . almost laugh at the proposition . ( Laughter . ) It was a ridiculous one if carefully considered . And why ? Mr . O'Brien had refused the conference altogether ; and if it was held without him , it would be like acting Hamlet with ihe character ol' Hamlet left out . ( Great laughter , ) After some further attempts on Mr . NuI _' _b part to induce Mr . O'Connell to rive war , and submit th
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 26, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_26121846/page/7/
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