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Northern Star (1837-1852), 27th January 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 4, THE KORTHEM STAE SATURDAY*, JA*Vl*AKV 27, 1S49-

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    • y-j-,v Kcadv, a Xctv Edition of W, Q'CDNIiQiVS WORK ON »L FARMS,
    • PORTRAIT OF W. S. O'BRIEN
    • GZo (Eovve6ponijent$
    • THE KORTHEM STAE SATURDAY*, JA*Vl*AKV 27, 1S49-
  • Adverts (8)
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      With --.R A M I R» January 27, 1849, * T...

      --. r a m i r » JANUARY 27 , 1849 , * TTTF _> _Taptut 7 RN STAR *?¦ —— _»«* _- _***** _*******»************************* g _* _" _*****«* _M _^ I

      Y-J-,V Kcadv, A Xctv Edition Of W, Q'Cdniiqivs Work On »L Farms,

      _y-j-, v Kcadv , a _Xctv Edition of W , _Q'CDNIiQiVS WORK ON » L FARMS ,

      Ad00414

      THE _CKEiVEST EDmo _** _EVEU _rUBTJSUED . Price Is . fid ., A new and elegant edition , with Steel Kate of the Author , of PAINE'S POLITICAL WORKS . TOLS . L TO IV ., NEATLY BOUND . Trice 3 s . fid . each , THE ' LABOURER' MAGAZINE . NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS . Any imperfect copies of the " Laboi-ker" Mag-izine must be _completed forthwith ; all the back number . *; are now on sal- *; hut it , will not be practicable to perfect copies unless imperfections are called for at once . OX TIIE 1 st OF FEIffiUAllT , WiU Ik _i-ubliilied , Xo . 1 , Price Sixpence , OF TEE COMMONWEALTH : A MONTHLY _ltECOUD OF _OErnQGRATJC , S 0 GI 4 L & INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS . "TIIE COMMONWEALTH" -till be the Heprescntative of th < _-j _* h : _irlists , * M-ci _:-lists , and Trades' Uuieiusts , iu the Houthlv Press . The _"U-ading Principles uf wliich it is intended to be the _exfutieiit . _sa'a : — 1 . —That Taxation , _ivkhyut Kejiresentation , ie Tyranny ; and therefore every adidt , of s < mud mind and untainted bv crime , _ou- ; Iit to have a vote in the election of thuse -sviio _im-Hise taxes and wake- the laws . That any change of our _Rej < _ri - _*" vnta _* ivc _SysioMi , which does not fully ami _toinph-tcly enfranchise " the wlwU- of the male adult iiepulation , " "is a delusion , a mockery , aud a snare , " aud neither can , nor _ou-rht to he satisfactory to tlie country . 2 . _—Tli-.-. t L-dx > w ih t _' . K Houvct : < , f all Wealth ; aud those - _.-nga-Kd in its '> roductiun have ihe first light to share in tlv- result * of their toil . The Societies which aim at _securin- '"" a f : ; ir -Iny _' s wages for a fair day ' s work" are Iras <_ -d _ii'ioii one of iho great ethical * _iriuci ' -l « 5 of the _ilospA . and their success essential to the j > ros ]> erity of "THE _COMMONWEALTH . ' * 3 . —That the Laud , _Lal-our . . Skill , a-nl _Capital ofa country ous lit to lie combined and _a-i-died in such a manner as " to i . romott- tin .- wcll-ln _/ iii- of eivrv * n < Hvii ! _--: tl in the community . All Institutions which either prevent the full devclu -inieiit of the raw materials of wealth , or restrict tlieir free and _u-juitalile distribution aiiioiij * the _whole population in their manufactured state , arc inimical to the Commonwealth , and ought , therefore , without delay . . to lm n- ' _-lared liy rational mid euuhahle i _> rouuetive and distributive arranj-enients . 4 . —Tliat as an essential } i-v-rcfjuisite to jiermauent home _jjrosjK-rity , tho ca _*« bilities of our own soil _ouj-htto be iuUy _«\ eveli _>]» e _« l , aad tliat _thevmdue _austraetiouof Labour from it . either for manufacturing or _emi-jrant purposes , is a source of national loss , and jiui'overishnieut , and diffieultv . "THE COMMONWEALTH" will advocate National _Unj-ectari-tn Education—an Equitable Apportionment of tlie ¦ Rational llurdeus—and a system of National Currency * _-a _*« ble of _sujijily _in- * the demands caused hy an increase of population , and an iucrease of the wealth _reipiiriug to be exrfiaii _^ eeL "THE COMMONWEALTH" will steadily and boldly aim _iftmakinj-all National Institutions subservient to the interests of the Many , instead of the Few . It will constantly ase its nest _eSbrtsto make the present Political aud Social _Movement end in a more equitable- adjustment of the good ¦ provided for all men . Amongtheartirles In the first XumlKTwiH be found "Tlie _Epochof _ltevolntion , " _l't-ir ltateKand l ' aunerisni , " The Spv _Svstt-in , " "A full and interestinsr Description ofthe Cold _itcgion of California , with a Sketch of its Past History and Present Condition , " " Life and Writings of Louis Mane . " -- The Comjiarative l _' _roduetiveness of Large aud Small Farms , "' & c , & c Communications for the Editor , Doote for Review , & c , to be forwarded io the Office , 10 , GREAT WINDMILL STREET , LONDON . To l > e hau of all _Boolcseliers in Town and Country . Just Published , Price ls . ( Jd ., funning a neat volume , EVIDENCE TAKEN BV THE SELECT COMMITTEE Appointed to inquire into The Xatiosai . Land _Comi-asy - irith : i review o f tlie same , and -in Outline of the Propu ! _"itions for amending the Constitution of the Company , so as lo comply with the Provisions of tlie Law . "Watson . Queen " * _Head-jKiss :: _pce , Paternoster-row , "London : A . Heywood , Manehester : and all Booksellers in Town _atid Country .

      Ad00415

      AN ANATOMY OF PARLIAMENT , JO . _l-ciii-r a complete Account ofthe MEM 11 EKS OF THE HOUSE OF * « JAUIOXS , -- nd the _FA-MILV . 1 'HOFESSIOXAL . and other INFLUENCES THAT _SUHUOUXI ) THEM , will be-riven as a SECOND SUPPLEMENT for _3 _« _l _* . with JEUKOLIVS WEEKLY NEWS and FINANCIAL ECONOMIST" of SATCUDAY , the Srd FEBRUARY . The Largest Shect alu- _******* by Law—32 Pages , and 'JO Columns . Every Saturday , Price ( id ., Stamped . V Without one word oi" offence or personality , this Supplement will furnish one of tlie strongest proofs of the inefficiency ofthe present mode of representation ever offered to the public . Early orders to any Newsman—Office for advertisements , 27 , L ' _piier Wellington-street , Straud .

      Ad00416

      IT IS THE CAUSE ! IT IS THE CAUSE . ' . ' STAND A ED T H E A TEE , _J-Vciiig the Eastern Counties _Hailivay Station . Shore-ditch . Under the patronage ofthe Executive Committee , who ¦ rill be present ou tlie occasion , and iu aid of tlie Funds , A BEXEFiT wiU be taken at tlie above house , ou the _eveni-ir uf WEDNESDAY , FEBRUARY 7 th , 1 S 1 !> , ¦ when one of the best companies in London will render their aid , and tlie _ackuowledged best pantomime ever produced iu London will be performed by inimitable artist * . The performance will consist of a Xew Unuua , of deep * _md intense interest entitled

      Ad00417

      IMPORTANT NOTICE . SEW YEAR'S GIFTS E 01 t TIIE BENEFIT OF THE WIVES ASD FAMILIES OF TIIE CHARTIST VICTIMS . THE _PKESEXTS ALREADY RECEIVED far exceeding iu unmber and value what was anticipated ( with promise of numerous others " , and as many ofthe tickets still remain unsold , tlie comnuttee have decided ou _post-wi-in- ; the final disposal of the Gifts till MONDAY , FE 15 _RUAUY 19 th . Tickets , Sixpence each ( which will entitle the holders to an article of value ) , may Ik- obtained of Mr . James Grassby , S , Noah's Ark Court , Stangate , Lambeth : 3 lr . Stallwood , Hammersmith : Mr . Greenslade . 21 . Allerton-strcet ,

      Ad00418

      MTERAUY _INSTITTJTIOX , JOHN STREET , FITZKOV SQUARE . SUBJECTS OF AN ORATION ; to Ik delivered by Thomas CoorEE , author of ' Tlie Purgatory of Suicides , " On Tuesday Evening next , January 30 th , 1840 , in aid of Ihe _Xaho-jju . _Vicriii Fc . _vu , for which purpose Mr . Cooper presents his gratuitous services . ¦ _ft'th . —( Being the bi-ceutenary of "King Charles tlie M : irtyr ") Trial and Execution of Charles I .: Government by the Council of State : Cromwell in Ireland " : bis Victories of Dunbar and Worcester : Protectorate and Character of Ouvr _* - _Ciuimwell . To commence at eight o ' clock prcciselv . Admission—Han I'd ., Gallerv Sd .

      Ad00419

      FOR S . U . E , A FOUR-ACRE ALLOTMENT at J 3- 0 ComiorviUe . situated in » lie best iwrtion of the Estate . One acre is cropped with wheat and two-and-a-half acresare prepared for _.- _-- -riu gcroppmg . Theeffeets consist of five VOUllg ] Ufc % four months old ; twentv-fUUr bushels of potatoes ; tliree-. _' i ! id _,-i-l ; aif bushels of barley : a quautitv of ieens , peas , and other garden seeds ; also , five or six tons Cf manure ., with a quantity of straw ; an excellent barn ; four pig-stfts _; . a ouaiitity of rabbit hutches : a large copper ; and a well-fenced yard , for pigs orpouhrv . The proprietor's only reason for selling is , Ids hating * lately teen left a uidbtVer with four cldldren , under eleven years _Wage , and lus wish to return among _luS friend" -. Terms : The purchaser , * - j « v all the Con-pun v ' s demands , and give SM to the proprietor . AH letter * to- be prepaid , and addressed to Alfred If . U-owther , _O'Counorville , near Iliekinausworth . Herts , and _voafain a _postn-fc siamp _iiji-niilv

      Ad00421

      A PARLIAMENTARY SOIREE AND -ti . PUBLIC MEETING , win be held at THE LITE 11 A 11 Y ASD _SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION , Jolm-strcet , fiuroy . square , on MONDAY EVENING NEXT , JANUARY ? 9 th , 1549 . The following gentlemen will attend : _—Cliarlee Lushington Esq , 31 . 1 ' ., Thomus Wakley . Esq .. M . _1 _' ., Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P ., Messrs . Boss , Harney , M'Grath , Dixon , Clark and Kydd . Tea on table at half-past six o clock , and the meeting to commence at eight ,,,- „ . . Tickets for the soiree ls . each , to be had of all local _secritaries ; the Land Office , 144 , -High Holborn ; the Trades' Offiee , 11 , Tottenluun-court-road ; and at the Institution . Chartists , do your duty . S . K"n > " > , Secretary .

      Ad00422

      TO BE SOLD , bv a party about to emigrate , several FOClt AND TWO-ACRE PAIDCI * SIIAKES in the National Land Company . Tlie hi ghest reasonable offer will ho _tiikwi . Apply , postpaid , to J . Chapman , 23 Court , ni gh-street , Bordesley , _HinniughauL

      Portrait Of W. S. O'Brien

      PORTRAIT OF W . S . O'BRIEN

      Next Week Our Subscribers Will Receive T...

      Next week our subscribers will receive the portrait of the "Saxon Victim , " and all agents are requested to send their orders in time . _—mmm——~—m———^ mmam-a—mmmm Specimens of a splendid portrait of YoUNG Meagheu will shortly be in the hands of our agents ; and we venture to assert , that our readers will prefer the sight of W . S . O'Briex to the Royal Speech , which will appear on the siurte day . INSTRUCTION AS TO DEFENCE AND VICTIM FUND . As we have before stated , all Monies for the DEFENCE FUND must be transmitted by Post-office Order onlv , addressed to Mr . \ Vm . River , " Northern Star" Office , Great Windmill-street , London . And all Subscriptions for the VICTIM FUND , must be addressed to Mr . John Ak : vott , Middlesex- p lace , Somers' -town , in l _\> st-olfice Orders , made payable to him , at the Post Office , Battle Bridge . And in future the two Funds must be kept distinct and apart , as otherwise it is impossible to appropriate them as intended . Fkvkgus O'Coxxor .

      Gzo (Eovve6ponijent$

      _GZo ( Eovve 6 ponijent $

      J. Sweet Acknowledges The Receipt Ofthe ...

      J . Sweet acknowledges the receipt ofthe following sums for Mrs . M'DouaU : —Mr . Cliipindale , ls . ; Mr . Knott , 3 d . ; Mr . Kirk , Id . —For the Defence Fund ( sent herewith ) : —From tlie " Kinj _; of tlie Frencli . " 00 . Mr . A . Roberts , l ' ort n « netown , Edinburgh . —Heceivcd . Mr . J . Evans , Wolverhampton . —Thc fault lies with the London agent If he gives himself the trouble to scud he ean have them . Mr . J . Miller , Xeivport . Monmouthshire . We believe you will obtain the portrait of Mr . A . Ileywood , 58 , Oldliilmstreet , Hand-ester , for one shilling . We have not got one on hand . Mr . W . Coltman * , Leicester . —The report has bceii mislaid . Its insertion would be chargeable as au advertisement The Poets . —Since Christmas we have received amass of poetical compositions , wliich wc can mako no use of at present In <' ood time , tlie several candidates for publieity will be brought up for judsrineiit , aud treated

      accordu-- * to tlieir deserts . J . W ., Plymouth . —If you can make up your mind to meet the worst you have to fear should you rejoin the — '¦ , perhaps you will < lo well to take tliat course . IJut even to risk a " dressing" is no juke . If you are without a family , it would be better to try your fortune under the " stars and stri--. es . " D . Gibson , Greenwich . —There area host of works professinpto teach the French language . Wc cannot single out one in particular , miles * we except " _Cuubi-tt ' s French Grammar , " a work of _pood repute amongst those who have learned that language . E . Svkes , Huddersfield . —Xo comnium ' eation has been treated witli contempt , silent or otherwise ; but wc hud not room for the article in question the week it came to hand . When we had room , the interest of the subject had passed away . We are not aware of the non-insertion of any other communication . W . IL C . 1 ! ., Birmingham . —Wu know nothing of thc

      advertisement . James Williams . —Wc know nothing of the North Texan Company . M . M \ A We believe tlie prizes will be open to general competition . As regards thc put-try , see the notice above . A . _Sc-iscnu-En , Birken . ihnw Bottom . —We do not supply Mr . Buckley . Mr . Clark is our agent . Mr . Edwards , _Tei-rnmouth . —Any member -subscribing sixpence per week to the fund 6 of thc Loan Society , will be _eligible to borrow the sum of £ I . "> . —Thomas Clabk . S . Kydd " ASD Jcsics . "—Your "Letters" were placed in tlie hands of tlie printers , on Wednesday , but press of matter lias excluded them from this day ' s Star . They sludl appear in our next .

      The Korthem Stae Saturday*, Ja*Vl*Akv 27, 1s49-

      THE KORTHEM STAE _SATURDAY * , JA _* Vl _* AKV 27 , 1 S 49-

      " The Northern Star," And The Tyrants. T...

      " THE NORTHERN STAR , " AND THE TYRANTS . The following letter has been addressed to Mr . O'Coxxoit ; and from its contents the people will learn the dread , the terror and horror entertained by tyrants against the People's Paper ; and , however much we sympathise with the p risoners , wc feel proud that our writings are the terror of their enemies . We have no doubt that the Home Secretary will hear something of the matter in proper time and place . Can any thing be more revoltina

      or disgusting than the tact that a newspaper paying its fair share of stamp duty , and thus contributing towards the support of pampered officials , should be proscribed by a Free Trade Government . This is Free Trade with a vengeance , but iu the exact proportion in which the " Star" is hated by tyrants , will it be loved by freemen . Kirkdale Gaol , near Liverpool , January 23 rd 18 * 9 .

      , Dear Sib , —We have drawn up a memorial to Sir George Grey , in _wlueh we complain , amongst other things , of the Northern Star being prohibited by the Visiting Magistrates of this prison , whilst Whig or Tory papers are allowed free admission . We therefore call upon you , more in your capacity ofa Member of Parliament than as ' proprietor uf tie Star , to give us your aid , in common with other honincinbers , with whom wu intend to hold a correspondence on the subject , and thus preserve to us thc privileges to which we consider ourselves entitled . . Since our confinement here we have been twice searched , like thieves , Iit the Governor . Onr visit rs have been several times sub * -

      jected to the same indignity , and are not allowed admittance on Sunday ( tbe only time when the majority of our friends can spare tune ) . Our domestic letters are overhauled by the governor , and one of our fellow prisoners , Edward Clark Cropper , is now an inmate of the hospital , through a severe attack of asthma , brought on by being deprived ofthe use of tobacco . Wc therefore trust that you will display your usual energy by requiring a removal of these restrictions , which we look u _*> on as the emanation of magisterial dogmatism rather than the meaning and intent of tlie law , whose protection we claim as " first class misdemeanants . "

      On behalf of Self and Fellow Prisoners , Yours afiectionatelv _, Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., 31 . 1 ' ., London . "

      Tiie Colliers Of Northumberland And Durh...

      TIIE COLLIERS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM . During tlie management of the affairs of tho Durham and Northumberland Colliers bv Mr . Roberts , there was no class of labourers who stood in a better position to resist the aggressions ofthe strongest class of masters , and to this fact is to be attributed the intense hatred of the latter class to him who stood as a breakwater between the flood of power and the unconnected streams of industry .

      The Colliers may be called not only a peculiar class , but a peculiar race ; a race of underground slaves , inured to a certain description ' of labour , and secured from overwhehniuo competition by the dangers of the callingin fact , the dread of explosion , inundation and suffocation was , and is , to them , what the Com Laws wero to the

      landlords—PROTECTION . It is a well-known fact , that tho survivors , after a dreadful calamity has taken place , rather rejoice in , than deplore the event ; every man subjected to similar danger , believing that his turn will be the last , looks upon the catastrophe as a fearful warning to those who might otherwise enter the competitive market , and the labour of mining—tliat is , grubbing for coal—does not require the same apprenticeship and training that the manufacturing operative recpaires .

      True , the economical and beneficial working ofthe mine is of importance to the master , but as the wages of the Avorker arc measured by the amount of production , and not according to the standard of perfection , the master is well -satisfied to use this competitive power , even at the expense of damage to the pit , rather than submit to the _juet demand for

      Tiie Colliers Of Northumberland And Durh...

      the best , most practical , and economical working of the pit . For tbese several reasons , and , more especially , from the fact that Coal Kings and Viewers constitute the tribunal—the only tribunal—to which the complaining slaves can appeal , the _CoUiere are , of all other classes , the most isolated— -in fact , they are a distinct and separate race . Itwasnot so , however , under Mr . Roberts ' s administration ; as au appeal from the infer ior to the superior Courts—in every single instance of which Mr . Robekts was successful—worked a considerable alteration in the

      Colliery Laws ; and to tlie loss of this practice of appealing from Pinup drunk to Philip sober from a bench of interested masters to a bench of impartial Judges—must now be attributed the numerous letters that daily pour in upon us , complaining oi ; the advantage taken by the masters now that the men have lost their legal adviser and protestor . There is nothing more unfair or ungenerous than to charge the dishonesty of the tew as a crime against the many . And as system works the crime , and as self-interest is thc ruling and governing maxim of man , wc shall endeavour to destroy thc crushing system , by clearly and simply developing the realisation of self-interest as regards the Colliers .

      As . in the case of the Dorchester Labourers and the Glasgow Cotton Spinners , so it was with the Colliers during their strike ; we devoted our time , our money , and our space , to the advocacy of tlieir cause , and our reward in all cases was the same—neither thanks nor gratitude . In every instance tho mouthing philanthropist made merchandise of the sufferers , aud as soon as the victims were restored—as

      with the Colliers when their union was broken up by the desertion , the fraud , and dishonesty of leaders who could no longer traffic in their credulity ; so it was with the advocates of the Dorchester Labourers and the Glasgow Cotton S p inners—many of them retained to their own kindly use the monies that were subscribed for the Victims , while others secured a comfortable retreat under the countenance of the employer .

      Nevertheless , as wo ascribe all to system , we will once again lend our aid to the _reorganisation of the Colliers' Union , which while in its strength was the most powerful Labour Union ever known in this country ; and we will now show arithmetically , the beneficial effect that this and all other Labour Unions must ever coufer upon the sliopkeeping aud trading classes .

      In Northumberland and Durham we may estimate the number of Colliers , men and boys , in round numbers , at sixty thousand ; and if we presume tliat thc want of Union and the absence of legal coercion , has reduced the wages of eacli worker by a shilling a day- —we make , a low estimate of the figure by presuming the reduction , to be a shilling—it amounts to £ 3 , 000 a dav , to _£ 1 & 000 a _> week ,

      and NINE HUNDRED AND

      THIRTYSIX THOUSAND A YEAR . * ' We have taken the reduction consequent upon disunion , and want of organisation , very low . However , that amount is well worth contending tor—and we will now show thc shopkeeper's profit . There is no shopkeeper , who deals inthe working man ' s provisions , who does not realise , at least , fifteen per cent , profit ; and , therefore , the profit accruing to thc shopkeepers from tlie expenditure of tliis increased amount of wages , would amount to about ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY THOUSAND A YEAR—or would give an

      additional income of TWO HUNDRED POUNDS A YEAR , to seven hundred shopkeepers in Northumberland -and Durham . And those shopkeepers would bo much better customers with all classes of traders , bankers , merchants and manufacturers ; while , upon tlie other hand , the nine hundred and thirty-six thousand filched from the sixty thousand un-2 H'otccted , because * disunited , labourers , going into the . pockets of the few united , and therefore powerful , Coal Kings , is partly spent with the more aristocratic trades of London , and

      partly lavished in railway-and ether gambling speculations ; and this is what constitutes tlie annual increase ofthe "GREAT WEN , " as Mr Cobbett very characteristically designated the metropolis ; and the increase of which , and the centralization of governmental power therein , will , ere long , constitute thc great national grievance : as the " " does not at all represent the stomach , returning strength and vitality tothe members of the body , but is a great consuming maw—it keeps what it gets .

      There is another view to be taken of the Colliers' case , it is — the hours devoted to labour . Under the administration of Mr . Roberts the men earned four shillings a day for eight hours ' work , and , presuming thait they now work ten hours a day and . tor less wages , let them understand tliat this at once augments the sixty thousand into seventy-five thousand , thus creating a competitive ?' , reserve of fifteen thousand . ; that is , sixty , thousand men ' s work at ten hours a day , is equal to seventy-five thousand men ' s work at eight

      hours a day , and the sixty thousand working ten hours will produce one-fourth more than the same number working eight hours a day ; and as calamity is to them what the Corn Laws were to thc landlords—Protection , so is GLUT OF PRODUCE to them precisely what the importation of foreign grain is to tho landlord—DESTRUCTION . But , mayhap , the consumer may turn upon us and say , '' True ; but as tlie one Collier can producoas much as many can consume , the many receive the bonefit of this increased production . " But wo rejoin , "No such thing ; " for two reasons : —

      Firstly . —The Coal Kings do not make a corresponding reduction ; but , on the contrary , they _uphusband the surplus produce which constitutes their power over the producer , as it enables them to resist any demand for a fair increase of wages by pointing to the accumulated store , and saying : " Behold thc enemy —it is of your own creation . I onl y employ you for charity , —PLAY , IF YOU WISH , for three months , six months , or nine months , for the pit ' s mouth tells you that I can suppl y my customers for that period without an increase of store . " And then the Coal King increases the price to the consumer , upon the pretext that the suppl y is inadequate to the demand .

      We have now based this Colliery Question upon its proper footing ; wc have shown the Collier the loss that disunion entails upon his class ; we have shown the shopkeeper and trader the loss that reduced wages entail upon their class ; and we would remind them of the oft repeated fact , that tho hope to retain their social position with those who destroy then-best customers by tyranny , is the rock upon which they will split .

      Had we estimated the diminution of wages consequent upon disunion at 2 s . a day , we bolicve we should still be under tho mark and thus we show to the labouring classes generally , that class-power , achieved throu » _"h classlegislation , that the union of masters * and the disunion of labourers , are the two great enemies against which the latter class have to contend . And trusting , that the eyes of the Colliers of Northumberland and Durham will be full y opened to their position before the present destructive system enables ¦ the Coal Kings to lay up such a store as will compel the workers to accept any terms , we conclude with a strong expression of hope , that the many

      letters we have received from the U _/ lin _« . _, _« _.. „ letters we have received from the leadin- * - men ofthe two counties , are indicative of tha Colliers' resurrection , and that timel y steps mav be taken to prevent the evil ever consequent upon delay . A penny a month , or a " shilling a year , from sixty thousand people , would amount to three thousand pounds , and from the proper expenditure of tliat sum ' the contributors would receive in increased wages over ONE _MILLION PER ANNUM '

      Whig Re Trenchments. Lord John And Tlie ...

      WHIG RE TRENCHMENTS . Lord John and tlie Chancellor ofthe _ExdiKQV-Eit have taken fright already . They dread tlie organised forces of the Fiscal Reformers led by Cobden , and are propitiating them by throwing such tubs to the whalo as come handiest . __ . On Monday , the "Times , " having got its cue from headquarters , thus cautiously and Semi-Officially announced the Financial Policy which * the Whigs , under the anticipated " pressure from without , " have deemed it prudent to adopt .: —"

      _« We believe we may congratulate the moderate and paticnt economists on the pros-wet of an curly and considerable _Btcp in tlie right direction . After years of _swcendin-j expense and descending revenue , a return to the equilibrium , besides being a positive improvement , is nn earnest of better things to come . From all that we can hear the Chancellor of thc Exchequer will be in a condition to annoimee early in the session a reduction in tlie army and navy estimates , _sufficient to bring tbum snfe witliin the probable revenue of tlie year . Tlie _tn-elremmitli just ended lias produced a considerable income on corn , the last that in thi 6 country will ever be levied from thc staff of

      life ; but , on the other hand , it has not been a good year for limit . Taking therefore into account the evident and substantial iniprovenii'iit of trade , we may fairly expect that the revenue , now for half a year on the ascendant , will soon regain the level of 1840 . Unless some unforeseen _danger or calamity should derange the calculation , wc may expect that with the revenue of 1840 we shall soon combine the estimates of an curlier year , yet without injury to any of our civil establishments , or measures for internal improvement , Should such a budget be announced , the common sense and gratita . de ofthe nation would he exhibited b . v a hearty and unanimous support , and we have no doubt it will be so exhibited . "

      How far " this moderate and patient" Budget will meet with the " gratitude" and "hearty and unanimous support" anticipated for it by thc Ministerial organ , we do not pretend to say . But in the mean time we think it our duty to show how thc reductions arc to bo brought about . The Financial Reform Association has , in its tracts , disclosed a monstrous and shameful expenditure of the public money , upon aristocratic placemen and sinecuris ' ts . The ovcromcering both of the Army and thc Navy , has been most powerfully exposed ; and the downright waste and peculation of the Ordnance made evident to everybody . "Wc have G 9 Generals , and 1311 _Lieutenant-Generals , or

      in all , 284 Generals—being more than two for each Regiment . We have 34 : 1 Colonels , and G 84 Lieutenant-Colonels , or 1025 in all ; and other Officers in proportion . Thc _i-ace of Admirals and Captains in thc Royal Navy is equally numerous , and all are in some way or other quartered upon the country , for snug incomes . Now a reduction hi this ridiculouslylarge disproportion between the commanders and those whom they have to command , would have been something liko common sense , and at the same timo have effected a real saving . But that is not the way in which Whig Economists go to work . In respect of this real deadweight there will be little , if any , reduction . It is strapped on to the back of the nation as firmly as ever the " Old Man ofthe Sea"

      upon Sinbad . The idlers will be kept up at the old rate , and even the excuse for keeping so many officers will be diminished . The " Morning Chronicle " announces on Thursday , that it is intended to discharge ton thousand men from the Army , and that the proposed diminution will take place chiefly on that portion of our forces which is now on home service . In plain English this means , that ten thousand more competitors are to be driven into an already overcrowded Labour Market , to aid in bringing down wages still farther , while the real burdens of thc nation are to remain untouched .

      "We have no doubt that any other reductions in the Navy , Ordnance , and Public Offices , will be made upon the same principle . The hard-working men , the low-paid and fagecd-out clerks—these will be either forced into the Labour Market altogether , or have their wages lowered , and their work increased ; while fat , pampered , and idle sinccurists , will be left in the unrestricted enjoyment of large annual incomes .

      "We leave it to all meii of common sonse to say , how far such Financial Economy aud Retrenchments will benefit tho nation . If , for every penny saved in taxation , tho surplus labour thrown into thc market lowers the price of labour a shilling—we " guess , " as the Yankees say , that the people will soon find thoy are playing a losing game . Thoy may depend upon it , however , that this will be the retrenchment policy pursued by all factions , so long as they are unrepresented in the Commons House of Parliament , and have no voice in the just . apportionment of the national income . Thc aristocracy will always seize the lion ' s share of thc spoil—the people will continue to be crucified between Whig and Tory thieves .

      WHO IS TO BLAME FOR THE TRAGEDY AT TOOTING ? , ———Thc first juries who returned verdicts on the victims of thc child-farming system , indulged in Yugue generalities and deprecatory regrets . It was deeply to be lamented that such a fri g htful mortalit y had occurred ; but as to there being any body to blame for it , in particular , these sapient bodies were unable to determine . They tired blank cartridges at an infamous system of wholesale starvation and disease , wliich predisposed its victims to be swept off in hundreds by the prevailing epidemic ofthe moment .

      The Holborn Union Jury deserve credit for not having followed this delicate and gingerly mode of dealing with a grave and important inquiry . Nearly four hundred children were attacked within the walls of one establishment , of whom one hundred and fifty now lie buried in the churchyard of the village and about fifty are interred in the various burying-places of the metropolis , having caught tho infection before they were removed from the pesthouse . __ Not one person—young or old—has been affected by the disease in the village of

      Tooting , outside Mr . Dkouet' s so-called asylum . The poor arc as scatheless in this respect as the rich , —those who live ill _Molyneux's yard , close by the great " Cesspool of Tooting , " —thc lowest level , into which all its filth and impurity is drained and stagnated—escaped untouched . Thoir dwellings abutted as close-h as one portion of Mr . Dhoujet ' s premises did upon this retort of Malaria , but thc external atmospheric poison , to which some parties attributed such importance , did not harm them . Neither sickness nor death ensued .

      Whig Re Trenchments. Lord John And Tlie ...

      Distinctly localised as the outbreak was , therefore , it is clear that some particular and definite causes had been at work to produce -such a _sweeping and appalling mortality . Ihe blame mnst rest somewhere or other , and it was the dutv ofthe Coroner ' s Jury to take the initiative iii ' tlie matter , and find out where it lay . As we have already said , all shirked the performance of this duty , save the Jury that inquired into the causes of the death of the poor children belonging to the Holborn Union , who died after their removal from Tooting to thc Free Hospital in Gray ' s Innlane . •

      That Jury returned a verdict of " Manslaughter " * against Drouet , the " Childfarmer , " andthe Coroner , beforo issuing the warrant to tako him into custody , emphatically expressed concurrence in the opinion of the jurors . It remains to be soon what tho fate of the accused will be in the Central Criminal Court , and whether the legal trickery ofthe Old Bailey bar will be able to set aside the common-sense view of a body of men unbiassed by the technicalities and special pleading of " Gentlemen learned in the Law . " °

      One thing is certain ; that tlie decided or firm conduct of the Jury will give the question the opportunity of being fully canvassed iu all its bearings , and is equally just to the public andthe persoii ° accused . As far as Drouet is individually concerned , the matter ought now to be left to the leg al tribunal , before which it will have to come . But there are other parties to tliis inquiry , who have yet to bo saddled with tlieir share of the responsibilities attending this wholesale " manslaughter . "

      Mr . Wakley , in hisableand luminous charge to the Jury , absolved the Poor Law Board and its officers , as well as the Guardians of the Unions who sent their children to thc Tooting Child Farm , from all legal blame , though he severely censured " tiie very slovenly , inefficient , and negligent maimer " in which the visitors from the several Boards had discharged the duty of periodically examining and reporting upon the state ofthe establishment . These latter lu * . could not absolve from moral responsibility , though he did all the other members who had not personally

      investigated for themselves . Isow , with all deference to the worthy Coroner for Middlesex , we can scarcely go the length he does in this particular . "Wo hold that the Guardians and Overseers who consigned the children to the tender mercies of Mr . Drouet , arc responsible on the good old legal maxim , " Quam facitper alium , facit per se , "—who acts by another acts b y himself . It is not enough tor them to say , " Wh y we paid him what he asked tor the children , and a very good price too , aud

      therefore wc had nothing more to do with it . " 1 he very fact of their appointing monthly visitors to inspect thc place and report concerning its condition , shows that they were virtually Drouet ' s masters ; and that , as their servant , they had the power of enforcing upon him any internal arrangements thoy considered requisite for the health and well-being of the inmates . If these arrangements were refused , they had tho power of withdrawing those children entirely , so that in any case the responsibility comes back upon them .

      It may be urged—it has been so , indeed , by some of the officials and mouthpieces of these Boards of Guardians—that they were placed in a difficulty from tbe want of sufficient accommodation in the workhouses of their respective unions . No doubt that was au inconvenience , but it was not one wliich empowered them to shovel out tlie juvenile paupers committed to their charge by hundreds , to die or live according to thc convenience and profit of Mi ' . Drouet , and without that systematic aud scrutinising examination , which the peculiar position that individual stood in towards the

      children imperatively demanded . As far as we can see , the monthly examinations were mere shams . Whether those who made them were engaged during a considerable part of the time in exchanging courtesies with the Contractor at his hospitable board , or how they otherwise occupied their time , it is difficult to say but certain it is , thatthe manner in which the duty was performed , fully justified the strong language used by Mr . Wakley . Perhaps , however , this was not always nor altogether the fault ofthe visitors . On one or two occasions , when complaints were made bv a

      prying inquisitive Guardian , who really thought tliat he was bound to see the children were properly clothed and lodged , the reception he . experienced was anythin g but calculated to encourage him in continuing that mode of performing tlie task committed to him . Mr . Drouet bullied him , and abused the children . The poor Guardian was compelled to beat a retreat without completing his scrutiny , and the Guardians sent a larger deputation of visitors next time , who effectually whitewashed the concern—the Contractor , in the meanwhile , having resolved "to do th * thing

      handsome , " by making an apology for his rudeness on the previous visit . In fact , as Mr Winch , the Guardian alluded to , naivel y said , " He did not know how it was , but though thev worked very Avell as a Board of Guardians ' , yet somehow , whenever a Visiting Committee reported anything against thc Establishment , the Hext that went was sure to put it all ri ght . " Mr . _Wixcir never dined with Mr . _Dkouet . We wonder whether the whitewashevs did . The optical effects of a « -ood dinner and a g lass of wine are very marvellous . They show " the silver lining of * the cloud , " and throw over all objects a couleur du rose .

      Badinage apart , however , the connexion between thc Guardians and the Contractor , was such that it could not fail to have an injurious effect upon the condition of the children . It precluded to a considerable degree , an efficient supervision ofthe management of tlie cliildren ; threw obstacles in the way of removing admitted abuses ; and p laced a large number of children , in Mr Drouet ' s care—under circumstances that supplied an almost irresistible incentive to benefit himself at their expense . The Guardians , as men of business and of common sense , ought to have foreseen those effects of the system , and have provided better arrangements for the poor infants of their respective Unions .

      Lastly , thc Poor Law Board aud its Inspectors are not free of complicity in this crusade against the health and lives of thc infantile paupers of thc metropolis . Whatever technical difficulties might interfere to prevent their exercising full authority over those pauper farms , they had—as Mr Hall , the Inspector admitted—the power of issuing a peremptory order , forbidding tho sending of children to them . Why did they uot do so ' { It was not because they were satisfied with them ; because the same official told Mr Wakley , that "He could assure him they were as little satisfactory to tho Poor Law Board , as they tthe

      were o Coroner himself . " The Inspector , accompanied by Mr Tufxell , Queen's Inspector , had remonstrated , with Drouet upon the over-crowding of the children , and other evils but confessedl y without any expectations of his remonstrances being attended to . Why did he not recommend the withdrawal of the cllil _dren ? Why did the Poor Law Board not issue " a peremptory order , forbidding their being sent to such establishments _«¦ Tint would have shut them up at once ; and _compelled tho Guardians to provide proper arrangements for them , under the direct surveillance ot the hc _& _l and general officials , responsible to the law . ' t

      Tho neglect of the Central Authorities to do tins , fastens upon them also—if not a legalat least a heavy and direct moral responsibility , tor the shocking mortality which has occurred ; and although tho law may only be able to lay hold of the immediate actor in the traged y—let it not be forgotten that other

      Whig Re Trenchments. Lord John And Tlie ...

      parties , with ample powers to prevent the : catastrophe , were particeps crimiais . There are other points connected with thigi question of material importance , to which we ) must return on a future occasion . * , 1

      The Parliamentary Soiree. On Monday Next...

      THE PARLIAMENTARY SOIREE . On Monday next the Chartists of the Metropolis will have an opportunity of assembling to take counsel together , previous to the commencement of the Parliamentary campaign . Whatever efforts may be made by the friends ofthe people in Parliament to enlarge the bases of popular liberty , and promote reform in the several departments of Government , their efforts will be comparatively

      fruitless unless supported by public opinion . Ihe people will be treacherous to their own cause , Jif they fail to strengthen thc hands of their advocates in the Legislature . "We understand that several Members of Parliament , supporters of the ri g hts of the whole people , are likely to be present at Monday's soiree . Several well known advocates of Democratic , principles will also take part in the proceedings . Wc earnestly hope that the manifestation will be worthy of the occasion .

      Much depends ou the active exertions of the leading Chartists in the several Metropolitan localities . We trust that our friend 6 will—as the sailors say— " work with a will" between now and the day of the soiree . Let the Chartists of London show that they have not lost faith in their principles , but that , on the contrary , they are as ardent as ever in their pursuit of EQUAL RIGHTS

      VND EQUAL LAWS .

      Dr. M'Douall. We Understand That Mr. Rob...

      DR . M'DOUALL . We understand that Mr . Roberts contemp lates appl y ing for a Writ of Error in tho case ; of Dr . M'Douall , on ( wc- believe ) such gootll and sufficient grounds , as can hardly fail toi ensure that gentleman ' s release from the prison tortures to which he has been subjected for some months past . Wc believe somewhere ; about £ 20 is the sum required to enable Mr . _Korerts to commence operations . We put it to the working classes whether they will allo w Dr . M'Douall to remain in the hands of his relentless enemies for the want of so trifling a sum ? We earnestly appeal to the Doctor ' s ; friends and admirers to procure him tlie means ; which he believes will enable him to obtain his : _Migration .

      We shall return to tliis subject whon more fully informed of the facts on which Dr . M'Douall ' s legal adviser bases his hopes of success . In the meantime we trust that thc friends of Dr . M'Douall will do their duty .

      Receipts Of The National Land Company, F...

      RECEIPTS OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY , For . the Week Exdixg Thursday , _Jamiakv 25 , 1819 . SHARES . £ , s . d . £ S- <••• Globe ¦ aud W . Bailey .. 0 1 0 Frionds .. 0 0 « W . Preston ... 0 2 ti Birmingham , W . Frestou , jun . 0 * _- ' 0 Ship .. 0 5 G K . 1 ' attiBon .. Oil Mottram .. 4 10 0 V . Truinble .. OlO Carlton .. I ) 111 W . Suarl .. ( J fl 0 _E-isiiigtonJaiie .. 0 IS 0 0 . Maul .. 0 3 0 Ni-tttineiiam _, F . Cm-pen ter .. 0 1 Sweet .. 0 13 10 T . Kidivcll .. 0 2 6 Win-W Nook .. 0 7 0 ] f . Moss .. 0 10 . Manchester .. 2 i 0 J . Jloore .. 0 10 _Miirvleboiie .. 1 0 0 W . Bailey .. ° 1 ( , Preston Lid-lit ) .. a 18 0 C . T . Gnlton .. 0 0 S Edinburgh .. 0 3 0 S . Lee • _« J b Southampton .. IK 0 A . H . O . • « 5 o _Stalybridj'e .. - . ' 15 0 S . O . • 0 _?< 0 Crayford .. 1 2 C C . T . Ualton .. U O tf * --- - * 1 J EXPENSE FUND . Globe and Stockport .. 0 2 0 Friends .. 0 2 0 W . Seurle .. 0 2 6 Birmingham , ' T . Margetts .. 0 2 G Ship .. 0 7 G S . Wilkins .. 0 2 6 Itocup .. 0 4 G J . Wilkins .. 0 2 0 Carlton .. 0 " _- * 51 IL Shcrlicker .. 0 II ] Nottingham .. 0 3 8 ¦ Norwich ' .. 0 i 0 £ 1 16 10 TOTALS . Land Fund 2 ii i 11 Expense ditto 1 1 « 10 Bonus ditto 5 7 _H Loan ditto ... ... 0 6 5 Transfers « 14 9 £ 31 8 10 W . Dixon * , C . Doyle , T . _Ci-auk , Cor . Sec . P . _M'Ghatii , Fin . Sec .

      Executive Fund. Per W. Rideu.—T. A. C, G...

      EXECUTIVE FUND . Per W . Rideu . —T . A . C , Gd . ; E . Elias , Monmouth , 2 s . i . Taylor , Stow _l'rovost , ls . ; Wakefield , per T . Meune _' il , lis . 2 d . Fer S . Kyud . —Keiglilv _** , J . Garnett , 5 s . ; Limehouse , a Friend , Is . ; Mr . U . Mayinan , 4 s . ; Sheffield ; J . Cavill , Is . Gd . ; Sheffield , Miss Booker , ls . Gd . ; Peterborough , E , Sehalcy , for cards , 2 s . ; South Loudon Hall , 10 s . ; Cards , ditto , 4 s . 2 d .- Per Land Office . —Mr . Thorpe , Derby , " ! b . ( Jd . ; Leicester , Aetill , ls . 6 d . ; Ernest Jones Locality , 3 s , 40 , ; Kecks , ie , ; _Cripplegittf * , per Mr , Brown , 3 s . NEW YEAR ' S GIFT . Per S . It-run . —It . Farleigh , 5 s . : H . Heath , 2 s .

      DEFENCE FUND . Per ~ W . Hideb . _—S-vineliead _Cltnigli , per R . Barker , Cut . : M . Ball , Mansfield , ( id . ; _Bauup , pur J . _Mawson . 5 s . '; J . ' Sweet , Nottingham , ! fd . ; St . Andrews , Auckland , per . ) . Wilkinson , 10 s . 2 d . ; A few Friends , Old Shildon , per ditto , ls . 4 d . ; Coventry , per Cf . Freeman , bs . ; J . Oldfield , _Iluddersfield , 2 s . Cd . ; A few friends , Montrose , per W . Scott , 8 s . ; Northampton , per Mrs . Faulkner , 4 s , The 12 s . fid . from Midgley , aud the £ 1 tis . id ., from Swindon , _iickiHJivledgcd in our last for Defence Fund , should have been for Wives and Families of Victims . Will _relmUors he more explicit and not merely say the enclosed is for tlie " ' Victims , " hut specify the particular _pur-ose they desire the money to be applied .

      VICTIM FUND . Ter . " . Kydd . —Keighley , per J . Garnett , 5 s . ; South London Hall , J . Edwards , ls . lid . ; J . Percy ' s Subscription . 3 s . ( id . ; Sheffield , tf . Cavill , ' 2 s . ; E . Leo , le . ; Miss Booker ! ls . ( id . ; It . Farleigh , ns . FOR WWtS AND FAMILIES OF VICTIMS Fer W . Hideh . —Ashford , per J . Barrow , 2 s . Cd . ; London _, per W . Long . 8 d . ; Birmingham , per IT . Budhall , ls . Od . ; . a ! White , per _ciitt-- _, Ls . ; P .. 1 ) . _Dmine'l , per ditto , ls . ; J . Smith , Kennoway Burns , Fiteshire , ls . ed .

      NATIONAL VICTIM AND DEFENCE FUND . * Midgley , per II . Naylor , 12 s . ( id . ; Mr Rider , as ner Star , a . « . 9 d . ; Mr Kydd , as per Star , £ 1 5 s . M . ; Mr EllK . it , per _ifr . M'Grath , - Jk . Gd . ; Mr Frost , per ditto , 6 d . An Knemy to oppression , ditto , £ 1 . ; Ernest Jones Localitv , per _Ilarrup , 4 s . Cd . ; Mr . Kuight , per J . Millie , ls . ; Glol ' * - aiul Friends , per Thomas , 2 s . 3 d . ; Commercial-road Il-. ll , ditto , Is . va . ; Westminster , per _C ' rassbv _, is . M . —Joii . _s Aukott , See ., 11 , Middlesex-place , Somer ' s-town , to whom communications are , in future , to he addressed , and all monies for the Wives and Families of Victims , forwarded by Tost _Ofric-e Orders only ( stamps not being available ) , made payable to him at the _Hattle-bridge Post ofliee . Tke Wives nnd Families ofthe Kirkdale Victims having been plaeed on the funds the weekly liabilities of tho committee amount to nearl y eleven pounds , at tlie small stipend rf seven _slulhi-j's per week to those with , and throe shiUinp _* to those without families ; and when it is stated that , through want of funds , several , last week , were _compelli-d to go away unpaid , the committee trust that the friends ot humanity will e . _xert themselves and send in funds .

      C This Sum Was Acknowledged Last Week In...

      c This sum was acknowledged last week in mistake , ns for Defence .

      George The Second's Opinion Of Bisiior H...

      George the Second ' s Opinion of _Bisiior Hoadlky —A Domestic Picture . —About niu-j o'clook every _iiiglit the King used to return to the Queen ' s _npnrtinoiit from that of his daughters , where , from the time of Lady Suffolk ' s disgrace , he used to pass those evenings he did not go to the opera or play at quadrille—constraining them , tirinj" - himself , and talking a little indecently to Lady _Belorctine , who waB always of tlie party . At his return to the Queen ' s side the Queen used often to send for Lord llervey to entertain them till they retired , wliich was generally at eleven . One evening among the rest , as soon as Lord Ilervcy came into the room , the Queen , who was knotting whilst the Kina walked

      bacKwards and forwards , began jocoselv to attack Lord llorvey upon an answer just published to ; _i hook of his friend Bishop JUoudley't- on the Sacrament , in wliich the Bishop was ' very ill _treatel : but before she had uttered half what she had a mind to say , the King interrupted her , and told her the always loved talking of such nonsense and things she knew nothing of ; adding that if it were not foi ' sueh foolish people loving to talk of those tliii ! i * when they were written , the fools who wrote upon them would never think of publishing their nonsense , and disturbing the government with impertinent disputes that nobody of any sense ever troubled himself about . The Queen bowed , and said , " Sir , I only did it to let Lord Hervey know that \ v .

      friend s book bad not met with that general approbation he had pretended . " ' * A pretty fellow for a friend , " said the King , turning to Lord Hemy . " Pray what is it that charms you in him ? His pretty limping g ait , ( and then he ' acted tbe bishop ' s lameness , ) or his nasty stinking breath ? _phaugli ! —or his sill y laugh , when he grins in vour face for nothing , and shows his nast y rotten teeth ? Or is it Ins great honesty that charms vour lordship ' .-his asking a thing of me for one man , and when lie came to have it in his own power to bestow , refusing the Queen to give it to the very man for whom lie had asked it i Or do you admire bis conscience that makes him now put out a book that , till he was Bishop ot Winchester , for fear bis conscience mig ht hurt Ins preferment , he kept locked up in his chest ? is ins conscience so much improved bevond what it was when he was Bishop of Bangor , or Hereford , or

      Salisbury ? ( for _\_ book , I bear , was written to long ago ); or was it that he would not risk losing ;* »»*» ng a-year more whilst there was anything better to be got than what he had ? Mv lord , 1 _» m very soii-y you choose your friends soil !; but I cannot hel p saying , if the Bishop of Winchester is vour friend , you have a , great puppy , and a very dull lellow , and a great rascal for your friend . It is a very pretty thing- for sueh scoundrels , when they fire raised by favour so _mm-h above tbeir desert , to bo talking and writing their stuff , to give trouble to the government that has showed them that favour ; and very modest in a canting _bypoei-itteal knave to be crying , ' Thc kingdom of ChriH is not of . ' ><<"' ' uvrht , at the same time that he , as Christ ' s ambassador , receives £ ( 1 , 000 or £ 7 , 000 a-vear . But he lsjusithe same thing in the Church that he is in the government , and as ready to receive the best pay for preaching the Bible , tho ' uL-h he does not

      beiicvc a word ot it , as he is to take favours _fi-oin « _t-he Crown though , b y his ltcpublicau spirit and doctrine , he would be glad to abolish its power . " - _Ikvwi j o - Memoirs . _Niu-KssiTY of Labour . —It cannot be too deep' ? impressed on the mind , that a pplication is the price to be paid for mental acquisitions , and that it i » absurd to expect them without it , as to hope lei harvest where we have not sown the seed .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 27, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_27011849/page/4/